question stringlengths 0 2.44k | prompt listlengths 1 1 | ground_truth stringlengths 0 8.31k | category stringclasses 12
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Why is heat more difficult to retain than cold? ex. most insulated cups and containers say something along the lines of “cold for 20 hours, hot for 4 hours”. | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The difference between normal temperature, room or outside, and something we want kept hot is larger than the difference we want to maintain a cold thing at. Say it's 20°C and you want a cold drink at refrigerator temperature of 5°C you only need to maintain a 15 degree diference . But for hot coffee at 50°C or more, t... | Physics |
Mark Hamill has stated that he can't do Richard Epcars joker voice if he tried and vice versa.Most voice actors who played the same characters say the same thing(Matthew Lillard/Casey Kasem) . Most people though think the voices sound the same so what are the actors hearing that we are not? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Hey, I'm an actor, and was an acting teacher for 12 years. Mark is basically saying that the psychological approach he uses to become his joker doesn't lend itself to copying another character. His joker is honed based on how it would behave in given circumstances. The Richard Epcars joker would behave differently in t... | Other |
What effect does possessing non-Homo sapiens genetic material have on modern humans? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Most of the Neanderthal and Denisovan DNA in our genomes is probably just neutral and doesn't have any noticeable effects. However, it's generally thought that Neanderthal DNA has a higher chance of containing mildly deleterious regions, either because they just don't match perfectly with the *Homo sapiens* background ... | Biology |
Why is it difficult for people to pronounce words correctly even after being told/shown correct pronunciation? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because speaking is a physical skill that requires proper use of the tongue, lips, and larynx to make the right sounds. If there are sounds you have never said before, you may have to practice a bit to get them right. It's kind of like asking why it's difficult for people to play guitar even when they've been shown how... | Other |
What is the difference between Mood Stabilizers and Antipsychotics? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | This is not going to be a great answer, and I really hope somebody can elaborate but: The short answer is that we don’t know. The illnesses these treat are poorly understood on a chemical level, and it’s hard to use animal models to understand. In general: these kinds of drugs affect neurotransmitters like ACh, dopamin... | Biology |
how do laser pointed thermometer guns find a reading of the temperature? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The laser is just there so you know where the reading is being taken from. Everything emits infrared radiation as long as it's above absolute zero and if it gets hot enough it starts emitting visible light. The radiation things normally emit based on their temperature is a form of light below what the human eye can see... | Technology |
What is the god particle and why is it so important? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The Higgs boson is what we call the god particle. It's a type of particle, not a single one. They exist literally everywhere that there's matter. When they say they "found it" what they really mean is that they proved it existed by finding one. Before that happened it was just a theoretical particle. Anyway, as for why... | Physics |
How can glass be cut using a laser? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Glass absorbs some of the energy from the light that passes through it. Look through a piece edgewise and it will look green or blue as a result. With a laser you can put a huge amount of energy into the beam. Even if the glass only absorbs 1%, a good CO2 laser can add enough energy to melt the glass under the beam. | Technology |
Why is peanut butter considered an invention and not a recipe? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The invention is how to make butter from peanuts. A similar invention was how to make butter out of animal and plant fat. Granted peanut butter is not as good of an approximation to butter as margarine is but the process is still an invention. The result of the invention was the recipe. So what was invented was strictl... | Other |
Why do we not come across dinosaur fossils/bones more often? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Fossils require fairly specific conditions to be created. Not every dead animal will leave fossils. And bones deteriorate back to nature if the conditions the become fossils aren't met and if animals don't get to them. It's why highly populated ecosystems like the rainforest aren't littered with the bones of thousands ... | Other |
If the USA is so far into debt, how is it even a stable place to live? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Debt isn't inherently bad. Not being able to pay debt is. The US is the largest and most consistent economy in the world. Because of this they can negotiate loans at extremely low interest rates. They can then invest that money into things that pay off *more* than the interest rate. The US has never missed a payment. T... | Economics |
What does a CPU basically do? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A CPU is basically a calculator with a bit of memory. It adds numbers, multiplies numbers, etc then stores the result. Unlike a calculator, it reads in a series of instructions from memory rather than the user having to physically press buttons to tell it what to do. Also unlike a calculator it can make "decisions". It... | Technology |
Why does every continent have its own land mass except asia and Europe? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The division between Europe, Asia, and Africa was made all the way back in classical times. That is, by people living around the Mediterranean sea. Their whole worldview is summarized in the name "Mediterranean," meaning "middle of the world." To them, Europe was the land north of the sea, Africa was the land to the So... | Earth Science |
If alcohol is a carcinogen, will we expect to see increased cancer rates given how much hand sanitiser people are having to put on? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The studies that have linked alcohol to increased risk of cancer have been focused on the consumption of alcohol, not skin exposure. When it is consumed alcohol is able to stress a lot of different cells directly which can cause increased cancer in addition to a lot of other conditions. However when you use hand saneti... | Biology |
why is the high up sky cold? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Warm air rises because it has lower density. It needs more space to expand basically. But the higher you get the lower the pressure. So gasses do have space to expand higher up, and when they do expand it lowers their temperature again (temperature being basically energy density) So gasses only rise until they cooled d... | Physics |
how does capillary action work? | [
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"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Water is attracted to itself--"hydrophilic". This means the individual water droplets will join each other easily. You can see water droplets join other water droplets on a rainy windshield, for example. Now try dipping the corner of a paper towel in a glass of water. Watch how the water travels up the paper towel. Thi... | Physics |
Why won't human body repair it's own teeth? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Teeth actually do work to heal themselves. In the center of the tooth there are cells that try to protect the pulp, live tissue, from the material that cause cavities. The teeth are fromed in two directions at the same time. From the middle to the outside, which is the enamel, and from the middle to the inside, which i... | Biology |
How did sending messages on birds work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The birds only fly home. They can navigate to their home from thousands of miles away. So you raise them in one particular place, and take them with you in a little cage when you go off to invade some other country, and when you needed to send a message you tied it to the bird and let it go, and it flew *home*, where s... | Technology |
How can vinyl store the different range of sounds in music within itself? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | > I can understand it with single tones and such, but in music there is often many different instruments on top of each other playing simultaneously. It is only one complex wave. Consider sound in air, it is a pressure wave right? And can air be different pressures at the same place and time? Of course not! This means ... | Technology |
I know what the idiom "hand to mouth" means but what does it LITERALLY mean? How did it originate? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | This idiom is quite old and dates all the way back to the 1500s. To understand this expression, it can be helpful to imagine the following scene. There is a very poor man who doesn’t have any money, or even any food, saved at all. He has only enough food for his immediate hunger. Every time that he needs to eat, he mus... | Other |
Why can’t a sponge soak up mercury even when submerged in it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A sponge can't absorb Mercury for basically two reasons: One, sponges are made primarily of cellulose, which has a favorable interaction with water and liquids containing water. Mercury, on the other hand, is a metal, albeit a liquid metal (at room temp), and does not have a favorable interaction with cellulose. Two, M... | Chemistry |
Why is it that babies like being rocked to sleep yet as we get older rocking can be uncomfortable such as on a boat? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The womb is a fluid-filled sac, and when a mother moves about the baby is very slightly rocked thanks to that fluid. The baby becomes used to this feeling before birth, so rocking helps to calm them afterward for a time. Adult humans don't live in fluid-filled sacs. We're not used to being moved or rocked outside of ou... | Biology |
Why is Mississippi behind every state in so many metrics? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There's no way to answer this without sounding partisan and making people mad. Something to look at when you see a state has fallen behind is economy. When a States (and a countries) economy is lagging, it tends to make cuts, and sadly education tends to get cut pretty quick. Generally, this is teachers salaries. When ... | Other |
Is the natural sugar in fruit the same sugar in other foods like candy or yogurt? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The sugar itself is really no different. The mango is a better choice than candy because it has other things in it, that add nutritional value and help your body process the sugar more efficiently. They have 203% of your daily vitamin C needs, 72% vitamin A, 564 mg of potassium, 5g fiber, B vitamins, magnesium, and eve... | Chemistry |
How does sound travel with the wind? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Sound is waves. Air is the medium the sound waves travel in. When the air moves it carries everything with it. Here is a way to visualize it: Imagine dropping a stone into stagnate water such as a lake. The ripples will propagate out from the point you are standing. Now imagine dropping a stone into a fast moving river... | Physics |
Do advertisers know when I've bought their product? If so why do they continue advertising? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Advertisers do not know whether or not you bought the product. What they do know is exposure to thousands upon thousands will get people to expose their products and brand. As long as a couple people buy the advertised product its a win. Companies don't advertise expecting everyone to buy. Its all about exposure. More ... | Technology |
Why is it illegal to feed or provide necessities to the homeless in certain areas/states/cities? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's not like it's against the law to give your leftovers to a beggar when you leave a restaurant. What's illegal is setting up a large-scale food distribution scheme and going around feeding dozens/hundreds of people **without getting food service permits**. Once you start feeding large numbers of people, you're expec... | Other |
What's an amino acid and why is it so important to the beginning of life? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Just about every part of your body (and every part of every cell) that performs a function is reliant upon proteins to perform those functions. So for example, need to copy a DNA strand? Proteins do that. Need to get some sugar into the cell? Protein. Want to hook two cells together? Protein. Proteins are chains of ami... | Biology |
How do anti-plagiarism detectors and programs work to find exact wordings from other sources and determine that they aren't just coincidence? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It is VERY rare for a single sentence to be repeated by random chance. The odds of an entire paragraph or page being copied are zero. To give you some context. I've written several 100,000 word books. Often I'll think to myself "Oh, I need to edit this section or that section" and I'll use the search feature. If I can ... | Technology |
Why are soft things like towels so hard to cut while hard things like carrots and potatoes can be easily sliced and diced? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When you try to cut a towel, the towel moves somewhat with the knife (the fabric bunches up and shifts around under the pressure of the knife rather than remaining still) while the firmer potato doesn't move and instead lets the knife do its work. If you pull fabric so that it is tight, it is easier to cut. | Physics |
Why didn't the US experience hyperinflation that many economists and politicians said was going to happen when the FED did its quantitative easing during the Great Recession? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Short answer is most economists said it would work. Some economists are paid to deliver an ideological viewpoint rather than a scientific one. A very simple explanation of the actual problem is money froze. An economy runs on the circulation of money. It's the Fed's responsibility to control the speed of that circulati... | Economics |
How do computers add gain to audio? (do they really?) | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You know how you can make a picture brighter after you take it? It's basically that, but with sound. You're just changing the data so that it represents a louder version of the same sound (*/brighter version of the same picture*) The picture doesn't actually have inherent brightness until you display it on a screen. Th... | Technology |
How does the whole "nonverbal autistic" thing work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | So I'm not normally nonverbal (I'm on the spectrum) but when I get stressed out I have a hard time communicating. The best way I can explain it is there's a disconnect between the part of my brain that actually has thoughts and the part of my brain that puts the thoughts into words out loud when I get stressed. Like, t... | Biology |
How does salt water create more buoyancy than fresh water? Why does the salinity factor create and easier floating effect? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Buoyancy is the result of balancing the weight of objects vs. an equivalent volume of water. Imagine the portion of a floating object which is under the water. Remove the floating object but don't let the water move, and you will have a hole in the water shaped like that portion of the object. Now consider how much wat... | Chemistry |
What is the mathematical/caloric difference between running 1 mile and walking 1 mile. You finish one earlier and spend less time buring calories, the other burns slower but lasts longer. I it more energy efficient to walk 1 mile or run then rest? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Running is less *efficient* than walking. Walking is relatively level. Your body, although it has some vertical movement, is basically pathing horizontally - parallel to the ground. With running, there is a significant bounce - your whole body is lifting up and dropping down. This takes energy. You're basically trading... | Mathematics |
why are pyramid schemes bad? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There is no actual money generated, it just flows up from people at the bottom to people higher up. The people at the bottom are lied to that they will make money, or that they can recruit more people below so that they are not at the bottom, unfortunately you can see that this doesn't work forever. | Economics |
What effect do the moon cycles have on atmospheric pressure? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The only difference between a full moon and a new moon is the amount of light being reflected from the sun off the moon. Moon cycles are the equivalent of our day and night cycles. A full moon is when the side of the moon we can see is in full "daylight" and a new moon is when the side we can see is in full "night." So... | Other |
What's the difference between the different degrees of murder? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It depends on the jurisdiction. Most US states have only 1st and 2nd degree murder. 1st degree murder is premeditated. That means you went with the intention of killing, and then killed someone. 2nd degree murder is non-premeditated. For example, someone insulted you so you stabbed them in the chest and killed them. Yo... | Other |
How are some digital scales able to tell such little weight differences? (Such as between 0.00g and 0.01g) | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The difference between 0.00g and 0.01 g is only little in terms of your perception of the world. There's 2.618*10^20 atoms in 0.01 grams of salt. (That's a lot) so if your method of finding out a sample's weight was counting atoms, then 0.01grams is an enormous weight. We, humans, are bad at weighing things. Digital se... | Technology |
What is the difference between ionization and disassociation? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Ionisation, simply put, is the name for the way an atom turns into an ion. Electrons are either **lost** or **gained** and the balance between the number of electrons and protons is upset. This means the atom gets “charged” and is now an ion. Disassociation is just the name for the way that any type of particle, separa... | Chemistry |
What is the feeling of semi-weakness people sometimes get when they are cold? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | At cold temperatures, oxygen is more tightly bound to the hemoglobin in blood and does not release as easily. This slower rate of release leads to a lower amount of oxygen available to your muscles, making contraction more difficult. Also when we are cold, blood is conserved around our vital organs to ensure our body c... | Biology |
Why banks put holds on checks? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The Federal Reserve has set baseline rules for check deposits: The first $200 must be available the next business day, while amounts from $201 to $5,000 must be available within two business days after the deposit, and amounts of $5,000 or more generally should be accessible on the fifth business day. Weekends and bank... | Economics |
Why some objects orbit and don’t get pulled directly into another objects center? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It *is* unlikely for an object to fall into orbit. Many objects are orbiting because they formed there, from debris themselves that were in orbit. For instance, the planets formed out of a rotating dust cloud that was orbiting the center of the system. Some objects fell into the center. Others were ejected from the sys... | Physics |
If the teardrop shape, blunt end forward, has the least aerodynamic drag of all shapes, why should I haul my boat on a car roof rack, mounted bow forward? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A teardrop has no drag, but it still presses against the air. The bow of your boat slices the air, reducing the pressure in front of it. Also, teardrops aren’t as aerodynamic as you think. The most mathematically aerodynamic shape looks like a teardrop with two points, opposite of each other. | Physics |
How do scientists convert diseases and DNA etc into storage units typically used with electronics like megabytes kilobytes? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There are 4 "letters" in DNA: A, T, G, C. You can enumerate each of these 4 possibilities in 2 bits: 00 - > A 01 - > T 10 - > G 11 - > C So if you have 4 pairs, one after another, you could encode that as 10010000, which is a single byte (8 bits). If you have 4000 base pairs, you need 8000 bits to encode it, which is 1... | Biology |
what is vacuum decay? How will it occur and how will we feel it happening? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Everything in physics tries to be at its minimum energy level. That's why a ball roll down a hill or certain chemical reaction occur. The vacuum (no particle) has a certain amount of energy. But it's possible that's only a local minimum and not a global minimum, kinda like how a ball can be in **a** hole but not **the ... | Physics |
What's the phenomenon that occurs when you drive sorta fast ( > 50 mph) with only one window down and hurts your ears. And when you open another window it stops. And why it happens? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It is commonly called wind buffeting, but the official term is Helmholtz Resonance. There are two different masses of air while you're driving, inside versus outside. When you open a window, it creates a vortex the compresses and decompresses the air. This is the noise that you're referring to. Modern cars and trucks a... | Physics |
Why is the golden ratio common to so many things of different nature? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Say you have a seed. Deep down in the genetic code of the seed is the simple genetic code that says "have these cells build more of themselves." If you let all those cells grow, the ratio between old cells and new cells will usually be the golden ratio. The golden ratio is so common in nature because it is the product ... | Mathematics |
In music what's the difference between 4/4, 5/4, 5/8, etc? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | To help keep your place in music, it is divided up into segments called "measures". A time signature (4/4, 3/4, etc) is telling you how many beats are divided up per measure and what kind of notes get the beat. For example, if you're in 4/4, the first number tells you there are 4 beats per measure and the second number... | Mathematics |
What do we know about the long term effects of vaping, if we’re sure of anything? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Not much yet, we'll need to wait until they've been in common use for a long term. They've only really been in use since the mid-2000s, which isn't long, and didn't really become common for about a decade after that. And they've changed a lot during their short time on the market. Some things we know from the short ter... | Biology |
What exactly is the force that pushes life to reproduce in more complex forms ? IE from simple organisms to animals | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You have it backwards. Evolution is not directed. There's no "force" or inclination for life to evolve with increasing complexity, and in fact, most of the time, it doesn't (like how bacteria are still bacteria...etc). It's a common misconception. Every mutation that happens is random. The mutations that benefit surviv... | Biology |
What exactly is happening during sleep paralysis? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I'm sure a better answer will come along, but when you sleep there's a chemical that paralyses your body so you don't act out your dreams. From my understanding when you're more awake than asleep, almost a lucid dream state (aware you're dreaming) awake but that chemical is still active you enter sleep paralysis. You t... | Biology |
I always hear about mathematicians and scientists trying and succeeding to find more and more digits of Pi. How are they actually FINDING more digits of a number? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Usually finding more digits of pi is done as a computing exercise or just for the sake of breaking records; there's little to be learned by just finding more digits. As to how they do it, there are numerous series that sum to pi. The simplest is 1 - 1/3 + 1/5 - 1/7 + 1/9 - 1/11 + ... = pi / 4. This sums incredibly slow... | Mathematics |
How are neurotransmitters, when ejected from one nerve cell to another, attracted to the receptor of the other synapse? Why wouldn't they just float away? Is this question simply due to the limitations of the model I'm using? (Linked below) | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Neurotransmitter receptors are protein made of smaller blocks called amino acids. Different amino acids have different properties, some might be more positive, some more negative, some neutral. This is called charge. Specific combination of these amino acids causes not only overall shape of the receptor, but also a dif... | Biology |
How do APR, interest rates, and billing cycles work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You borrow money from the bank. That's credit. They expect you to pay it back with a 'fee' which is interest. APR is the annual rate of interest. If you borrow $100 for a year at $10 APR then you pay back $110. It's not quite as simple as this in general because, with credit cards, interest stacks differently for purch... | Economics |
How do people know what rocks have fossils in them without some kind of lab test? In videos you will see people pick up a rock at the beach and crack it open to magically reveal a fossil, how do they know? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They don't know. When collecting fossils, you crack a metric ton of rocks that have nothing. They just don't show that on TV. What you generally do know is where the good spots are. There's a quarry in my area that is known to be rich in Jurassic fossils, mostly fish. You can still spend a week there and find nothing. ... | Earth Science |
Why is there a credit option when paying with debit card? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There is a *significant* difference between using a card as credit vs. debit. It’s to the consumer’s advantage to use credit rather than debit, and to the store’s advantage for the consumer to use debit, so they try to encourage debit use and make it a little more difficult to use credit. For example they may set a def... | Economics |
Why might a market never reach an equilibrium point? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | In terms of classical economics, the equilibrium is achieved by assuming that prices can move freely to achieve a balance between demand and supply. The free movement of prices is the signal that affects producer's decision to supply and consumer's decision to demand. In this perfect market, prices change instantaneous... | Economics |
Why do so many swimming pools not allow children to wear life vests, even if they are coast guard approved? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because they aren't foolproof, but some people act like they are. People do drown wearing life vests sometimes, especially small children because they can't maintain their head above water consistently even with a life vest. If you're putting a child in a life vest, clearly you know they can't swim, but for some reason... | Other |
How does a fruit become juicy after it has been picked? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Some fruits can keep on maturating after they have been picked. They are called "climacteric" fruits. This is due to a reaction of those fruits to a phytohormon (a chemical that has an effect on plants) called Ethylene. When fruits like avocados or bananas are picked, they start releasing some ethylene, which activates... | Biology |
I’ve been thinking about peanuts and beans a lot lately and idk they’re really not too different. Can someone explain what differentiates a nut and a legume and why we draw a line between the two? Is it the shell? It just feels like nuts are soft legumes, and legumes are hard nuts. Thank you! | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Peanuts are a legume. They're only called nuts in cooking because cooking categories are usually defined by how a thing is eaten / prepared rather than what it actually is. Botanically, peanuts are legumes (multiple fruit in one pod), walnuts are drupes (hard shelled seed inside fleshy exterior - you just never see the... | Biology |
When a company commits a gross violation that affects people (physically/mentally/financially, etc.), why is the company forced to pay the government, instead of the people they hurt? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Usually they'll have to pay both. Fines levyed by the state is not meant to replace money companies have to pay for the damages they cause a person. Let's say a company causes you to lose a leg because of negligence, they might be fined by the state if they broke the law, but *in addition to that* they have to pay you ... | Economics |
Why can't the government just tell you how much you owe in taxes so you can lay that amount? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Other people have answered your question, but I just wanted to add something as someone that has messed up their taxes (and gotten caught) twice. You aren't going to jail for a mistake on your taxes. Worst case, you get a grumpy letter from the IRS saying that they think there's an error on your taxes, and asking for s... | Other |
Why are side effects to medicine always negative? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They aren't always negative, but they have to warn us about the negative ones so they don't get sued. Sometimes, the positive ones are how we discover medicines for other, unintended purposes on accident. Viagra was originally used as a medicine for a heart condition, but then they realized it can also ... do what we a... | Chemistry |
Hard Drives: How do the read/write heads read/write data on the platters if its spinning so fast? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | To us it's spinning fast, but the integrated circuit processors that control the position of the heads and the platters are much faster, and can keep track of when to start and when to stop writing. Hard drive access time is 9-15 milliseconds (how long it takes to move the heads and start reading / writing), but the me... | Technology |
what is hormone exactly? How did the first people discover the existence of hormones? [biology] | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Hormones are chemical signals. Every cell contains a variety of proteins. Proteins are the things in the cell that do things. They break down some chemicals, build other chemicals, break down some things to build other things, release energy, store energy... Proteins generally work by passive activity. Keep in mind tha... | Biology |
What is a stock when it comes to merch and business? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Stock is a general reference to the product that you're selling that is ready to sell, if you have three spoons at your store that your're willing to sell, you have three spoons in stock. However, a Stock can also refer to a share of a company that you can own. If you buy this type of stock, you own part of the company... | Economics |
Why can we only see so many stars in our own galaxy, but we can see the Andromeda Galaxy billions of light-years away with the naked eye? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | That's kind of like asking why you can see the moon, but why can't you see a grain of sand 100 yards away. The sand is much closer, but the moon is much bigger. Andromeda Galaxy is 220,000 light years across and contains a trillion stars. A typical star is 1.4 million kilometers across. That means a star is 0.000000000... | Physics |
Why is compiled code impossible to access unless the uncompiled source code is available. Can’t game devs get a retail ROM and decompile the code from that? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's not that easy. Once it's been compiled, you can't decompile it. Think of the code like the recipe for a cookie. If you have that recipe, you can make that cookie any time you want. But if the cookie is baked, you can't just look at it and figure out the recipe. You'd have hints, sure, but the full recipe can't be ... | Technology |
Why do so many password requirements specifically forbid spaces? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because they have always had that requirement. Many years ago, passwords were stored as plain text in a database, or sometimes in a text file. When the computer read the password back from storage to compare it against the one it just got from a logging in user, a space in the password could be interpreted as the end o... | Technology |
Why are american politicians running for presidency allowed to take money from big company or lobbyists ? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Thanks to the idea that corporations are legally "people," the courts have upheld the notion that political contributions are an exercise of "free speech" by these *people*, and the *Citizens United v. FEC* ruling by SCOTUS removes the caps on these donations and allows the donors to remain anonymous, thereby creating ... | Other |
How does mechanical advantage let you lift something with less force? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Imagine you have two heavy bags you need to carry from the car into the flat. Now you have two possibilities: 1) You carry **both bags at the same time**: The bad thing: this is very difficult, because two bags at the same time weight a lot. On the other side, you only have to walk once. 2) you Walk two times and carry... | Physics |
How do we prevent satellites from crashing into each other or from losing its trajectory. What happens when they malfunction? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There is an awful lot of space up there and the areas for satellites are assigned to different countries so they keep there own satellites from bumping into each other, while in orbit the satellites are basically all moving at the same velocity so can't catch up with another vehicle in the same lane on the motorway. | Physics |
How does your body make vitamins from sunlight? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's actually an interesting example of mammalian photochemistry (chemical reactions activated by light). Your body produces the precursor chemical, 7-DHC in your skin. 7-DHC has a chemical ring structure that has to be opened up in order to become a Vitamin D3 molecule. This is a chemically strong bond to break and th... | Biology |
Why does bleach solution lose effectiveness after 24 hours? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because bleach breaks down into salt. Bleach works because it is very reactive and it breaks down a lot of organic material it comes into contact with, but the bleach itself also reduces to salt. Pure bleach breaks down over time which is why bleach that is a year old isn't as effective. When you mix it with water, it ... | Chemistry |
How can the observable universe be over 90 billion light-years across when the universe is only 14 billion years old? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because the universe itself is expanding. Imagine yourself and a bunch of friends standing together in the middle of a gymnasium. You all run away from each other toward the walls, spreading further apart as you run, but as you're running the entire room just keeps getting BIGGER. You turn around and look back at your ... | Physics |
How do the likes of PlayStations remember what year/time it is when turned off for a long time with no connection to WiFi? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There's a small battery that does nothing put power an internal clock. They can run for years. Same basic concept, open up your computer and you'll see a small button-cell battery on your motherboard. Once upon a time this stored CMOS settings as well, but these days it's sole purpose is maintaining the system clock. | Technology |
why do your ears ring after loud noise and have been damaged? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The cochlea in each of your ears is a spiralling organ that contains a bunch of tiny little "hairs." When sound is transmitted from the air into your cochlea, it travels through the cochlea and depresses hairs corresponding to different frequencies. [The hairs further and further in the spiral]( URL_0 ) correspond to l... | Biology |
why after all these allegations and possible criminal charges has nothing been done? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Long story short: Allegations aren't convictions. Evidence on the allegations will be being collected (if it exists) and when enough is in possession in order to make a case for conviction, we'll see indictments. It's tough to do in today's climate, but it is important to take everything with a grain of salt. Both side... | Other |
why do cuts hurt? You hear of people not knowing they're cut until they see it, then it starts to hurt. What makes a cut hurt? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Sheets of paper are not as smooth as they look. Under a microscope, you can see that the edges are rough. When they cut you, they don’t cut cleanly - they more tear the skin than slice it. Whereas an extremely sharp scalpel, for example, is smoother, and gives a cleaner cut. | Biology |
Why did I get random boners as a teenager? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Essentially during puberty your hormones are completely out of whack. Testosterone is being produced at rates much higher than before, and these hormonal imbalances often result in potentially unwanted circumstances, IE the random boner. Another thing that arises for some males (not all, but I had it happen to me) is t... | Biology |
why is there a color effect when you press hard on a monitor screen? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The L in LCD stands for "liquid" - there's a thin layer of liquid that responds to electric signals to affect how much light it lets through. The monitor uses this to display an image. When you press on the screen, you're squishing the liquid around and making it show all the wrong colors | Technology |
why scientists say that no water could be found on other planets despite claiming that ice is present on certain places. Isn't ice and water are the same? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | > why scientists say that no water could be found on other planets They don’t. We have found water on many planets and other bodies within our own solar system (moons, asteroids, comets). It’s a lot more challenging to identify compounds which exist on planets outside of our solar system, but there are many such candid... | Chemistry |
How are potholes in the road formed? Seems like there’s nothing then one day 50 potholes overnight. | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | So the road expands and shrinks as it heats and cools. This cycle, along with a metric boatload of traffic, creates weak points in the road that eventually result in cracks. Once the cracks form, water can get inside them. In the summer it's not a big deal, but in the winter the water freezes and expands, which then si... | Chemistry |
what painkillers are best for what situation? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Ibuprofen and Naproxen are better for inflammatory pain like a sprain, cut, or infection. Tylenol (acetaminophen) is good at fevers, headaches, and general aches. Aspirin is also an anti-inflammatory, but it has the rather strong side effect of blood thinning, and thus is not a good option for people with certain heart... | Chemistry |
how is mathematics used to explain/describe things? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The question is a bit broad, what do you mean with something real? I mean, take a ball used for golf. There are equations that represent a sphere. There are equations to calculate the surface area, the volume, the radius, etc. With all this math can explain something real. It also works on a bit more abstract things. M... | Mathematics |
What do pain relieving drugs exactly do and whats the difference between advil and Tylenol? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There are several types of OTC pain relievers. Advil (ibuprofen) belongs to a class known as NSAIDs. Non-Steroidal Anti Inflammatory drugs. Some other well known NSAIDS are naproxen sodium (Aleve) and Ketorolac (Toradol). NSAIDs work by stopping the body's inflammation response. These drugs inhibit certain enzymes that... | Chemistry |
How are breathing and heart rate related? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They are linked in that they have the same ultimate purpose - the transport of Oxygen. When you breathe deeper, you are delivering a higher concentration of oxygen to your lungs than you have at shallow breath. As a result of this, your blood will be supplied with this extra oxygen. Because there is a higher concentrat... | Biology |
The average home cost in Toronto is about $916,000, however the average household income is around $75,000. How are the housing prices so high? and how on earth are people affording them? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The problem with statistics like this is that you can't conclude that people making $75 000 income can afford $900k houses. First of all it's the AVERAGE home cost, which means one rich street where 50 houses go > $10M has the same impact as 1000 houses costing $500k. The median would be a better statistic here. Second... | Economics |
Why can the aging process of alcoholic beverages not be artificially sped up or completely skipped? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Often alcoholic beverages are aged in wooden barrels. During the aging, the beverage is infused with flavour from the wood of the barrel. While theoretically it would be possible to artificially add those flavours, it is difficult to know exactly what and how much to add since those flavours are very subtle and depend ... | Chemistry |
How does my iPhone X know where I’m parked? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I believe it uses the accelerometer and gyroscope (and bluetooth if your car uses it, as well as CarPlay) to know you're driving. Then, when it detects you've stopped driving, it marks the GPS location as your parking spot. This is also how the Do Not Disturb while driving feature works. | Technology |
Apparently, the smell of freshly mowed grass is actually chemicals that grass releases to warn other grass of the oncoming danger. Why would this be a thing since there's literally nothing grass can do to avoid the oncoming danger? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They aren't warning other grass. The chemicals being released do a couple things. They help heal the grass, help seal the grass so that it's a bit more resistant to dmg (doesn't do shit against a steel blade, but helps against a caterpillar). And it can help to call certain bugs that feed on the bugs that feed on the g... | Biology |
How do WiFi signals work and how far can they reach? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | As you can imagine with many technologies, they need to be standardised. A computer needs to know what data format another computer is expecting, what speed they need to communicate at, what other protocols it may be dependent on etc. The IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), a group that creates th... | Technology |
Why is a frontal collision between two cars going 50km/h equivalent to driving against a wall at 50km/h? And how does this affect a collision between two cars driving at different speeds, for example one car at 30km/h and the other one at 70km/h? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | ITT: people don't understand inelastic collisions and conservation of momentum. To you, in the 50mph car, you experience any acceleration that drops you from 50mph forward to 0mph pretty quick. That's the crash. This happens with two cars of equal speed because the overall momentum (assuming equal mass cars) is 0; half... | Physics |
Were there no chord progressions before medieval europe? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The idea of a chord progression was not actually a thing until the early 18th century with [Rameau's famous Treatise on Harmony]( URL_0 ). Before then, people thought of music contrapuntally, that is, how did melodies interact with each other/sound together? The idea that a certain set of notes can invoke a sense of "h... | Other |
What is the engineering and science involved in making the weather forecasts accurately ? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Modern forecasts are generated using computer simulations. Several times a day supercomputers operated by a variety of countries will ingest data about current conditions around the world. The data comes from satellites, radars, weather balloons, ground monitoring stations, and various other sources. The supercomputers... | Mathematics |
Why MUST you eat defrosted food within 24 hours? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There is bacteria everywhere. They will infest fresh food and start to reproduce, creating poisons as their waste. If the food is cooled this slows them down a lot, and cooking kills them (but doesn't destroy the poisons). Some amount of bacteria and poisons are in everything you eat, the key is to keep it small enough... | Biology |
why are there so many different currencies? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Currency developed as a way to trade with people without having to exchange goods every time. Each civilization/culture comes up with their own currency, ranging from precious objects like salt and gold to government backed standards like coin and paper. Today, $1 in the US is still $1 all over the world, but that can ... | Economics |
- Why do we use "baby talk" when we speak to animals and other things that we perceive as "cute"? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Some researchers believe that “baby talk” actually is good way to talk to real babies - the higher pitch, simplified language, and exaggerated tones and facial expressions make it easier for them to pay attention and learn. As far as why we also use this when talking to animals, it’s probably because cute animals remin... | Psychology |
Why do some websites say it takes 72 hours to remove you from their mailing list? Why isn't it instantaneous? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's mostly CYA. You are probably removed from the "get new email" list quickly, but they can't guarantee there isn't an already sent email sitting in a mail servers queue somewhere you haven't received yet. Easier to give you a few day buffer than have you call up angry the next day. | Technology |
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