question stringlengths 0 2.44k | prompt listlengths 1 1 | ground_truth stringlengths 0 8.31k | category stringclasses 12
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why does the standard error formulae has n in the root ? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | the more times you try to measure something, the less likely it is that your measurements get distorted by an outlier. it's called the "law of large numbers". the more often you measure the more likely it is that any random effect that distorted the "true" value and resulted in your measured value will be counteracted ... | Mathematics |
What is a second mortgage for? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's just another loan, with your house as the collateral. If you own your home, a lot of your wealth is the home itself, which means you can't use that wealth to pay for things. A 2nd mortgage converts some of that wealth from property into cash so you can spend that wealth. | Economics |
why is a horse "without a leg, not a horse at all" if the leg would be required to have amputation, but animals like elephants are ok with prosthetics? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Because some people put value on a a horse based on that horse's ability to make them money (referring to racehorses), which gets harder once they're so significantly injured and using a prosthetic. I don't know if they even make prosthetics for horses, and if not, WHY not, but I know many horses who have been injured ... | Other |
why does glass absorb infrared and ultraviolet light, but not visible light? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It has to do with how light interacts with matter. To absorb light, you need to have things work just right. You may have heard that light is quantized, what this means is that it only gets absorbed in specific chunks, one photon at a time. And all the energy of that photon has to go somewhere. It turns out there are a... | Physics |
How a cellular network handles IP addresses? Does it just act like a massive router? What is different between internet use via router or via LTE? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The whole point of TCP/IP is that *it doesn't care what you run it over*. Wifi, Ethernet, LTE, DSL, Cable, ATM, etc... You just encapsulate IP to run over that network and connect it to a router one way or another. That router is connected to other routers over some *other* physical network but, as long as they both ha... | Technology |
What does it mean when something is radioactive? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The nucleus of an atom is made up of protons and neutrons. There's a certain balance of protons and neutrons that is stable, but if they're unbalanced then they'll try to even out until they are balanced. To even them out, the nucleus can do any of 3 things: Change a proton to a neutron, change a neutron to a proton, o... | Physics |
Why is the deodorant *can* always cold to the touch? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The deodorant is propelled out of the can by a substance that is aptly named the propellant. That propellant is compressed inside the can (often into a liquid), and as deodorant is sprayed the propellant rapidly evaporates and expands to propel the substance it is spraying. This expansion and evaporation require heat t... | Physics |
Why are all materials that are hard also brittle? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | > Why haven't we made something that's both resistant to scratching AND shattering? Something composed entirely of strong rigid bonds ought to shatter because you only have two options, the rigid bond or a broken bond. So the bonds that remain in the shattered pieces of an object are still the rigid bonds of the exact ... | Chemistry |
Why do some sites put a box when you press ctrl backspace when it should delete the entire word? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Not all text boxes are created equal. Some are programmed to behave differently according to certain inputs. In this case ctrl+backspace will delete an entire word according to the way some are designed, and others will insert a "box," which is a visual representation of a "control character," a special non-text symbol... | Technology |
If an animal is isolated will it develop characteristic of a normally raised animal like feeding habits, hunting tactics, or mating rituals? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | This is very much depending on the intelligence level of the animal. More intelligent animals, such as higher mammals (dogs, apes, dolphins, rats, etc), learn a lot more from their parents than less intelligent animals (lizards, snakes, fish, etc). Intelligence essentially allows animals to some extent forgo instinct (... | Biology |
Why are there multiple types of command line interfaces in windows rather than just one? Command prompt, Powershell etc. | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Powershell is the NEW command prompt. Cmd really only lets you run - from a dos prompt - the applications in your path (environment variable) or in the local folder which you normally could run by finding the executable in Windows Explorer. You can "script" cmd by using batch files, but DOS/Windows .bat file syntax ess... | Technology |
What would the international response be if a super power, say Russia or China, tried to invade Mexico? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The US would be like ya, nah and fuck up their fleet before they could make landfall. More interesting question would be if the US tried to invade Mexico, what would the response be. The US could veto any NATO or UN security council action and I don't see who else would try or be able to stop it. | Other |
Why does sand stick to everything even though it doesn't feel sticky? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Sand sticks to things in many ways just like flour does. Flour particles aren't sticky at all (while dry), but small enough to be caught in tangles of fabric fibers, attracted by even the slightest charges, or "grabbed" by microscopic droplets of water or oil (and the human body is literally covered with oil-drop and w... | Chemistry |
- why can’t we take the immense power within a lightening strike and store it in batteries for later use by the power grids of the world? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It would be like trying to fill a water bottle from a fire hydrant, the flow is too much to channel so you can store the energy. Attracting a lightning strike is relatively easy, getting that massive amount of energy to flow through a wire to a battery storage system is the issue | Physics |
Why does the light from the moon sometimes appear blue and sometimes yellow? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The light from the moon is in fact the reflected light from the sun. Sunlight contains all wavelengths of the color spectrum, every color that we can see. In order for it to reach your eye on earth it must pass through our atmosphere. Depending on the angle of entry more or less of different wavelengths (colors) get di... | Physics |
The world is trillions of dollar in debt (supposedly), well who owns this debt if everyone is in debt? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I saw some explanation of this a while ago. In true ELI5 fashion: If bobby owes 5 bucks to tammy, and tammy owes 5 bucks to Tommy, who owes 5 bucks to bobby, the total debt is 15 bucks. But in theory they have enough money when they collect the debt they are owed, but they can't because the other person needs his money... | Economics |
What causes that sudden sinking, heavy, hot flush feeling when you become anxious and how are the effects felt so rapidly? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I have that exact same « hot flush » feeling when I get anxious so I know what you mean and the best answer I found was on URL_0 . I copied-pasted the interesting part : « Body heat rises as a result of what's known as vasoconstriction. With a functioning fight/flight system, your body needs to be able to prioritize bl... | Biology |
Why is it necessary for artificial sweeteners to be hundreds upon hundreds of times more sweet than sucrose? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It isn't "necessary" per se but it is useful. For example if you have a sweetener which is 1000 times sweeter than sugar then you can get the same flavor by using only one thousandth as much of the sweetener than sugar. That means even if the sweetener has calories you can drop it to basically nothing while keeping the... | Chemistry |
How are tree representations used as a data structure? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Tree structures are all over the dang place. You're looking at one right now! The elements on any web page are stored in your browser's memory in a tree structure called the Document Object Model (DOM). The filesystem on your disk has one obvious tree structure (the directory tree) and usually a few internal ones that ... | Mathematics |
Why are pills designed so big that they can choke someone? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Sometimes it's necessary for the tablet to be large if the dosage of medication is large as well. As an example, one of the larger antibiotic tablets that I sell in pharmacy contains 875mg of amoxycillin and 125mg of clavulanic acid. Then add to that the powders that allow the tablet to form properly, any coatings the ... | Chemistry |
How are password managers more safe? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Nothing's unhackable, but the idea is that it allows you to make more complex passwords for all the websites you use and have a secure place to put them, rather than something insecure like having a word doc with your passwords or writing them down on a piece of paper. Otherwise people tend to either re-use passwords a... | Technology |
If energy cannot be created or destroyed, what happens to the energy and matter that gets sucked into black holes? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Black holes do not violate these conservation laws. Think of a penny that you drop into an ocean. For any practical purposes, that penny is gone, but that doesn't mean it just disappeared, it's still somewhere deep in that ocean. Black holes don't destroy energy, they just "trap" it, if that makes sense. | Physics |
why do our teeth feel weird when we hear fingernails being dragged on a chalk board? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It’s because the sounds waves are at a pitch that vibrates bones. Our teeth don’t have muscles or skin like other bones that would insulate against the vibrations. What teeth do have is nerves inside of them that get vibrated which causes that weird sensation. That sound is literally getting on your nerves! | Biology |
How does a country recover from inflation? For example Venezuela with its over inflation | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | In most cases the idea is re-denomination. In essence they replace their current currency with a new, different currency and establish a conversion ratio. This has actually already happened as the "strong bolivar" has been replaced since 20 August 2018 with the "soverign bolivar" at a ratio of 100,000 to 1. Incidentall... | Economics |
As population increases, does the amount of money in the world increase too? If it does, is it proportional? If not, does that mean we will hit a point where the money needs to be increased to cope with the amount of humans? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The amount of money doesn't matter. Money is only a physical representation of wealth to help transaction. A country could print as much money as they want, but the wealth of the country would stay steady, which would decrease the value of the money. So the real question is, does the wealth increase as the same rate as... | Economics |
A lot of celebrities that aren't nominated for anything still get to go to the Oscars. How do they decide of the non-nominees who goes and who doesn't? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Last year's winners (for the big categories) are invited to present their award this year. The Academy invites other A-list people to present or sit in the audience for ratings and prestige, especially if they had a movie this year. Studios get a certain number of seats that they can give to anyone, obviously executive... | Other |
Where do countries get loans from - and what happens when they go into debt? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Governments and big companies does not go to the bank to ask for loan terms but instead writes their own loan terms and sells them as what is known as bonds to anyone interested. Bonds are a much safer form of investment then most other forms because they give a stable interest no matter how well or badly the issuer do... | Economics |
What's making my heart beat? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Basically there are so called pacemaker cells around your heart that give the signal when to contract. Your heart is a muscle itself and muscle cells are able to contract, in this case to make your heart beat. The energy used in the contraction is the same as in the rest of your body (ATP), the pacemaker cells work lik... | Biology |
Do toxins break down at high heat? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | "Toxins" aren't any coherent grouping of chemicals, it's sort of an umbrella term for shit that's bad for you. Sure, some of them might break down at temperatures comparable to the temperatures that kill the bacteria while others might require you to burn your food to blackened chunk of charcoal to eliminate. If you li... | Chemistry |
How is it that countries all across the world use different lettering systems for their languages but all seem to use the same number symbols (1,2,3,4,5, etc) for mathematics? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Simply put, the Hindu-Arabic system is far superior to all the others used when it comes to mathematics, especially the more advanced kinds. Other more basic written number system are unwieldy to use for anything beyond very basic math. This system makes is easy to understand and makes manual calculation relatively sim... | Other |
Why do bright spots remain in your vision after looking at something bright? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When light hits the back of your eye (the retina), each photon causes a change in a protein that then Cascades down signals to compose vision. This protein then has to be converted back to the original state to accept another photon. This happens extremely fast, but when I looking at bright light the conversion of back... | Biology |
why if you search up the word schoolgirl it comes up with stuff like ‘sexy schoolgirl’ costume etc but if you search schoolboy it comes up with normal schoolboys? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | In women, youth (as long as post-puberty) is strongly correlated with being a preferable sexual partner. Plus there are fetishes related to perceived innocence and to being an authority figure a woman looks up to. In men, youth and innocence aren't nearly as strongly considered positives, compared to strength, confiden... | Other |
On a chemical level, what differentiates carbohydrates, protein, and fat? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Lots. They are fundamentally different classes of molecules. Carbohydrates are heavily hydroxylated hydrocarbons (that is, lots of -OH groups. They often form small rings. Your body digests them for energy. Proteins are fragile and complex structures formed from chains of amino acids (nitrogen-containing acids) which a... | Chemistry |
What technology do ISP's use to store browsing history for which the feds have access too any time they want? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | They can see what requests you make to view websites, they know your IP address so they can keep a record of which sites you visited For example if 179.75.85.2 connects to 65.171.13.6 they know who 179.75.85.2 is and that 65.171.13.6 is google (the number aree made up) However they cannot see what you do in a website o... | Technology |
how do scientists know that nuclear fusion is going on in the sun? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Another point worth mentioning to some of the other comments is that the Sun is far too low density to be anything but a nuclear reaction. the Sun is much more massive than the earth, but the earth is much denser than the Sun. The only way for the Sun to stop becoming much, much denser is if something is counteracting ... | Physics |
Why don’t we remember falling asleep? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Memories are similar to data stored in a computer - it either reads (looks back on a stored memory) or it writes (logs and saves data / memories). When you’re about to fall asleep, your brain is going from conscious to unconscious, where it won’t write new memories. Without storing information, you don’t remember going... | Biology |
What exactly are freckles and why do they randomly appear? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | URL_0 Freckles are flat, beige, brown circular spots that typically are the size of the head of a common nail. The spots are multiple and may develop on sun-exposed skin after repeated exposure to sunlight. These are particularly common in people with red hair and a fair complexion. They may appear on people as young a... | Biology |
Why is sugar so good at making us fat? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Sugar and carbs in general have the unfortunate effect on our body because it doesn't satiate our bodies as well as fats and protein do (compared to their kcal values). So you feel less full / feel full for a shorter period after eating carbs and you end up eating more in the long term. Edit: typo correction | Biology |
Why don't we see distant galaxies completely distorted, as the far end is lightyears further away tahn the front end? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Keep in mind that when viewing a disc, you aren't generally seeing a galaxy edge on, so while it may be 100,000 light years in diameter, the near end isn't likely to be 100,000 light years *closer to you* than the far end, but some fraction of that. Beyond that, it *is* distorted, but the speed of the objects is slow e... | Physics |
What is the difference between a proverb, aphorism, epigram, and adage? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A proverb is typically a memorable, commonplace piece of advice: "Never wake a sleeping bear." An aphorism is more an observation: "A bear in spring is always hungry." An epigram is made to be clever or funny: "Always respect mother nature. Especially when she weighs 400 pounds and is guarding her baby." An adage is si... | Other |
This science article from AnswersInGenesis claims to disprove carbon dating, and as a non-scientist I need explained if the article's claims are sound or why not? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I must say, I am honestly impressed. Whoever wrote that understands carbon dating fairly well which I really didn't expect going into it, so props to them for that! The linchpin of their argument is that Carbon dating assumes that the C12 C14 ratio is in equilibrium and has been for tens of thousands of years, but if t... | Chemistry |
Why is there so many languages existing, spawning, and dying in Papua New Guinea? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There are an estimated 8 million people in Papa New Guinea who live in small jungle villages of no more than a few hundred people. Those villages exist in a minimally contacted state - they've never been formally surveyed, there are no roads leading to them, and there is no official communication with anyone living in ... | Earth Science |
How do pathologists start searching for elements which could possibly be a cure for whenever a new viral or bacterial epidemic breaches? Do they like start from A till Z of the list of elements to find out which reacts to the pathogen or something? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Just to clarify, are you really asking specifically about bacteria and viruses or about diseases and conditions in general? Because for the former, we have antibiotics and antivirals and can start there (note: antivirals have a ton of side effects and don’t always work because it is very hard to target a simple protein... | Biology |
Why would a 'cap on energy prices' result in higher prices? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The cap would have to allow for adjustments in market forces like the price of fuel going up or new fees or expenses that are normal in business. This process would also require the energy company to spend extra money making a case for why energy prices are what they are and since approval is needed the energy prices w... | Economics |
How does the person I'm talking to on speakerphone not hear themselves through the phone? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Similar technology as noise cancelation is used. Since the phone knows exactly what's coimng out of the speaker. It can then block it from coming back in. Since sound is a wave, and oposite waves cancel eachother. The the phone simply takes the speaker wave, flips it, and finally mixes it with the mic input. This proce... | Technology |
What makes a CPU well, a CPU? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | A CPU can be considered a "jack of all trades" processor. It packs many functions under the hood to be able to do all sorts of things. At one time before graphics cards became pretty much standard for playing PC games, they even did the processing for that. A CPU can and in most situations has other chips helping it; a... | Technology |
Why do abandoned buildings break down so fast while buildings in use (without renovation) can last much longer? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The elements get to it when its not maintained in a variety of ways. One big one is temperature; humans like our buildings in a comfy temperature range and the materials buildings are made of do well in those temperatures. But if you live somewhere with temperature variations the severe cold or heat causes materials to... | Other |
. Why do chilies and mustard/wasabi taste spicy but in different ways? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Not a food scientist, so maybe some of what I say here is wrong but this is what I’ve picked up over the years. Wasabi in most of the world (outside Japan) is actually just horseradish with other additives for colour. The “heat” you experience from that is isothiocyanate, which oxidizes (reacts with oxygen in the air) ... | Biology |
If all the cells in a person’s body have their individual DNA imprinted in them, then what happens after an organ transplant? Does the organ eventually adapt the DNA of the recipient or is the donor’s DNA permanently a part of the recipient? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The donors DNA is permanently a part of the recipient. In fact, the recipients body will treat the organ as a foreign agent, and will try to get rid of it. Organ recipients have to take immuno-suppressants for as long as they have the organ, and even still their body may reject the organ. | Biology |
When you purchase a piece of land, how deep does your property go? Are you buying a tiny piece of the earth's core, too? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It depends on the country and even within countries there are different types of ownership. It isn't very meaningful to discuss "ownership to the core" since no human endeavor even gets close to getting through the earth's crust. In some cases, one would "own" the land and mineral resources underneath it. In other case... | Economics |
; if the universe is constantly expanding, what is it expanding into? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It isn't expanding *into* anything. Imagine an infinitely large rubber sheet, with a grid drawn on it so that the lines are 1" apart. Now, *streeeetch* that rubber sheet so that every line on the grid is now 2" apart instead - that's the expansion of the universe. Notice how it didn't expand *into* anything? The sheet ... | Physics |
Why does same family mating develop mutated offspring? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You get genes from both parents. If one of those genes is bad, the good one will usually be dominant. This means you won't suffer any effects from the bad gene, but you have a chance of passing on that bad gene to your children. If you have a child with a stranger, it's unlikely you have the same bad genes. That means ... | Biology |
Can someone please explain Marxism? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | To break it down into simple terms, Marx believed that conflict within society is the result of the disparity between the bourgeoisie (rich elite) and the proletariat (poor worker) in a capitalist society. The poor eventually get fed up with the elite reaping the rewards of their hard work and start a social revolution... | Other |
Why does higher literacy rates correspond to lower birth rates? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's not that *literate* people are less likely to have kids. It's that populations with a higher rate of literacy... also tend to have a higher level of development - better medical care, better education, more industries and jobs concentrated on advanced technologies. If you look at how a country developed in time yo... | Other |
What exactly are the rings around planets like Saturn? What are they made of? How were they formed? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When a planet is massive enough, it exerts a gravitational pull which is strong enough to rip apart solid bodies as large as moons (or small planets!) which get close enough, even when they’re in orbit. This happens for a number of reasons, but the easiest to understand is the fact that the side of the moon closest to ... | Chemistry |
How did we got to know that out of 10000+ mountains in Himalayas Mt. Everest is the highest one ? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I'm sure it's possible today using satellites or whatever but back in the 19th century, surveyors used an instrument called a theodolite. Basically it's a telescope mounted on a stand which records precise angular measurements. All you need to do is stand at two or more points whose positions and elevations are known, ... | Earth Science |
how are new large prime numbers found? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You are correct that (as far as we know) the only way to know for sure that a number is prime is to do something like the whole square root of the number thing. But there are some tricks around it. For starters, there's some algorithms like the [Miller-Rabin test]( URL_1 ). You run it many times on a number. Each time ... | Mathematics |
why was cocaine used medicinally in the past and why did it stopped being used? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It’s a local anesthetic, which means it blocks nerve receptors and basically prevents you from feeling pain in the small areas it is applied to. I’d imagine it fell out of favor due to negative views surrounding its use and the development of other, more suitable alternatives (but I’m not a doctor). It is still approve... | Biology |
If our eyes don't see in frames per second, why can car wheels seem or other spinning objects appear to have framerate-like effects? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Our eyes don't see at a *fixed* frame rate. However, your brain still needs to compose images into frames to parse them. As a result, you can shift how fast/slow you track images. Moreover, your brain automatically wants to parse images in a 'simple' fashion - and this creates a tendency to focus in on frame rates that... | Physics |
Why does pouring Rocket fuel on yourself (without igniting) cause Burns? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It depends on the exact fuel, but most of it is very nasty stuff. For rockets you want to have a mix of substance that will contain the biggest amount of potential energy in the smallest amount of mass/volume. You naturally want that for any fuel for any vehicle but you want it much much more for rockets, because rocke... | Chemistry |
What is the obsession with dumping trash and waste by rivers in so many places? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Most of it isn't dumped directly into the rivers, but is blown or washed into the rivers instead, however many people also think that once it has been carried away by the river it is no longer their problem, out of sight out of mind is very strong in some people. | Other |
why, in todays high tech age, do we still use film stock and lenses for movies and pictures, when it could all be done on a computer? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Despite the standard of digital sensors, film still has the advantage in some areas. You can massively over-expose film and still see some details, where digital will just give you solid whites. It's the other way around at the dark end. Some people still prefer film. But you talk about lenses too! Those are used for b... | Technology |
Why do we as humans form patterns of bad/unproductive habits? Why are we indeed Creatures of Habit? Why is it so hard to break bad/unproductive habits? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Learn how to form good habits and replace the bad ones gradually. Allow yourself to change your routine. Try to accomplish at least one new thing per day. Remember that it takes 21 days to form a new habit. So pick one habit to change and work on it. Don't try to fix everything at once. Objectify the issue and realize ... | Other |
How can we tell a picture is taken zoomed-in even with the same framing as a regular picture taken closer? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Zooming in is not the same as walking closer. When you walk closer, your perspective is also changing because you are viewing the subject from a different spot. When you zoom in, you are making the subject bigger without changing perspective, which is not something you can do IRL. Most camera actions have real-life equ... | Technology |
What does Botulism need to grow? Why isn't it growing in all sorts of leftover foods and liquids? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | You can break bacteria up into two simple categories: ones that need oxygen and those that oxygen kills. Botulism is of the second variety. On top of that Botulism needs a low salt, low sugar, low acid at room temp environment to grow. Pile all of these requirements together and you end up with rare conditions thus rar... | Biology |
Why do green apples taste more sour than red apples? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Man has been breeding apples for hundreds, if not thousands, of years. Each variety of apple has been bred to have a particular taste and grow in a particular climate. The most common "red apple" in the US is the Red Delicious and it's a fairly bland apple that was primarily bred for longevity & eas of shipping long di... | Biology |
in chemistry, what's the difference between "-ite", "-ide", and "-ate"? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | -ide is typically nonmetal compoundes (sodium chlorIDE). -ate is an ion with the largest number of oxygen ions, while -ite is used for a smaller number of oxygen ions (NO2 = nitrite NO3 = Nitrate) For more fun, lets look at chloride: Cl = Chloride ClO = HYPOchlorITE ClO2 = chlorITE ClO3 = ChlorATE ClO4 = PERchlorATE ED... | Chemistry |
Why fake news is not illegal? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | (US perspective) Because the 1st Amendment guarantees freedom of speech and press. It is not appropriate for the government to take on the role of deciding what speech is okay and what speech isn't. However, we do have libel and slander laws that protect people who can prove they were harmed by false statements. | Other |
Why are some international borders very irregular while some are completely straight? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Typically its a difference between a border developing over time vs being established in a treaty or some other decision. For instance, a lot of those "irregular" borders have a geological reason for their location, usually a river. Or perhaps it was a tribal border for years until the country formed. Meanwhile borders... | Other |
Why don’t the electrons in atoms just fall into the nucleus? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | This is the exact same question asked by some of the greatest physicists of the last century and the answer sparked the beginning of quantum mechanics. The model used in the day was the planetary model, planets stay away from the sun and go around it, so electrons should too. Except for the fact that electrons going ar... | Chemistry |
Why do heroin users have to switch veins? What does the heroin do to “kill” the vein? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's not the heroin. It's poking the same spot with a needle over and over again without giving it enough time to heal. It can get more complicated where if you *do* give it time to heal after you've abused it too much it will develop scar tissue which makes it harder to inject there. | Biology |
diuretic action in the body, is there a difference if induced by caffeine or citrus juice? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Yes, probably, but no one is yet sure how hesperidin (the chemical in citrus believed to be diuretic) works. They think it's by changing how much water leaks out of the blood vessels in the kidneys, by changing the behaviour of those blood vessels. If your arteries let more water out into the kidneys, then more water w... | Biology |
How is an Operating System created? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Creating an OS from scratch is a lot of work. This is much more difficult than creating an app from scratch owing mostly to the lack of tools to use to create the OS. Linux was not created in a vacuum. Linux was trying to mimic an already existing OS, Unix. It had the advantage of only needing to support existing APIs ... | Technology |
How does electricity travel between a car battery and the car, and why is it always said that one should disconnect the negative terminal first when removing the battery? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The negative cable of battery is bolted to the frame of the car, so all the metal is the same as the negative post of the battery. If you disconnect the positive terminal first, and your wrench makes contact with the metal part of the car you have shorted the battery. If you first disconnect the negative post and the w... | Chemistry |
Why, while feeling sick, the pain/agony is less intense while laying down than while sitting or standing? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Depends a bit on your symptoms. While laying down, your body is spending less energy than when youre standing up. Your body has to make a bigger effort to make sure youre standing up or even sitting. So if youre laying down your body doing less of an effort and there for you feel more relieved. But this highly depends ... | Biology |
What do dissolvable plastic pouches (for example: tide pods, cascade pods) break down into? Do heat and humidity affect them significantly? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Tide pods are encased in PVA (poly-vinyl alcohol). This is just a bunch of ethanol bonded into long chains. Because of this, the PVA chains will dissolve on contact with water, releasing the individual chains. (Imagine ball of rubber bands separated into individual rubber bands). When exposed to high temperatures ( > 2... | Chemistry |
When maggots are/were put inside of a wound to disinfect it, what happens to them? How long are they left in there? Do they die? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Mainly, they eat away dead tissue and leave the living tissue. URL_0 > They suppress our immune system. > Maggots are efficient consumers of dead tissue. They munch on rotting flesh, leaving healthy tissue practically unscathed. > Faster wound healing probably arises from several combined maggot effects, he says, such ... | Other |
Why do some games handle alt+tab between them and other applications well, and others handle it really badly or not at all? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Imagine you run an factory that has a hundred employees, each of them doing different jobs with different equipment. You get on the intercom and say "Everyone put what you are doing on hold and meet me out in the parking lot as soon as you can." Most likely, it would take some people a lot more time to get out there th... | Technology |
Why are levels of buildings called stories? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I’ve posted a dumb joke at first, so to try to make up for it, I’ve looked for an answer, but there are multiple theories and no definite result. 1: Back in the era of kings and queens, the floors of a castle were used for storage during sieges. Each floor would be used to store various different items, including weapo... | Other |
In Computer Science, what is NP, P, NP-complete, NP-Hard? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | P is a class of problems that are easy to solve. NP is a class of problems that are easy to *check*. All problems which are easy to solve (P) are easy to check (NP), but no one has proven whether or not all problems that are easy to check (NP) are also easy to solve (P). No one knows how to solve a lot of those problem... | Mathematics |
How does computational propaganda work? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | If someone puts the same message everywhere you go on Facebook, and you do need to appreciate that this was a Facebook campaign, you ignore it after a time or two. It generates far more interaction, sharing, and impact when you respond to posts like a person. The evildoer posts something, and then reacts to every comme... | Technology |
If astronauts on orbit around Earth experience 0G because they are technically falling back to Earth, would they still be experiencing 0G when flying through deep space or would they be in total 0 gravity? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | There is no 'true zero gravity'. Zero G and zero gravity are the same thing. Astronauts in orbit are in free fall around the planet, and so experience zero gravity. If an astronaut was to travel to, say, Mars, they would essentially be in free fall _towards Mars_. The effect is the same. | Physics |
how does money laundering work? Why is it important? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | If nobody had to do taxes, and nobody cared about income, money laundering wouldn't be necessary. If however you worked flipping burgers at McDonalds and you suddenly rolled up in a brand new Tesla, someone's gonna notice, and sooner or later, when you turn up with your new Rolex, and your fitted suit, realize that som... | Economics |
How does brain measure light received by retina, to send the signal to increase or decrease the size of pupil? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | I hope this helps.. the optic pathway gets a little jumbled with names, but in general: Special cells on our eyes called rods and cones receive light, communicates it to the brain via the optic tract and nerves. From that point it gets processed via our cranial nerves and travels to a special nucleus called “edinger we... | Biology |
Why do you start seeing a word/phrase/expression everywhere right after you learn what it means?? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Might explain it **Frequency illusion**, also known as the **Baader–Meinhof phenomenon**, is a [cognitive]( URL_5 ) bias in which, after noticing something for the first time, there is a tendency to notice it more often, leading someone to believe that it has a high frequency (a form of [selection bias]( URL_4 )).[\[1\... | Other |
Do clothes still shrink, when you wash them on the recommended °C, let's say 30 °C, but hang the clothes in 40°C on a hot Summer day? If not, why? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Not generally, no. For shrinking to occur you need two things to happen: 1) the fibres of the thing you're shrinking needs to disconnect from each other at a microscopic level. Heat can cause this. 2) the fibres need to be moved to spots that are further away than where they started and then reconnect. Clothes tumbling... | Chemistry |
why do sometimes our body suddenly shivers when we pee? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | So we have these two systems controlling our body functions: one that makes us ready for action (sympathicus) and one that relaxes us (parasympathicus). The latter needs to get activated to allow us to pee and it sometimes 'overshoots' its effects a bit, thus leaving us with this sort of relaxing shiver. You can also h... | Biology |
how/why does the loss of one oxygen atom from CO2 (thus turning it into CO aka carbon monoxide) cause such profound differences in effects on human biology? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | well I cant help too much on the chemistry side but can speak from a medical standpoint, see below. Stole this from a website: **Carbon Monoxide** (CO) is a chemical compound which contains one carbon atom and one oxygen atom and is also a colourless and odourless gas. Unlike CO2, it is entirely human-made and is not n... | Chemistry |
Why/How do programs get signed? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Very similar to encryption. The operating system contains a collection of “root” public keys linked to the private keys of certificate authorities. The OS provider then encrypts these keys against their own private key. When someone signs an app, they sign it using a private key that is in turn signed by one of these a... | Technology |
Why does sound travel faster in warm temperature? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The reason that sound travels faster in solids isn't actually because the molecules are closer together. It's because solids are *stiff*. A stiff material does not deform very much when it vibrates, which allows the vibration to travel very quickly. A compressible material, on the other hand, wastes energy expanding an... | Physics |
how come we gave stopped inventing new musical instruments? Like the did the violin really reach its apotheosis in the 17th century? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | We haven't. Synths and midi instruments come to mind. There are also plenty of independent instrument makers that make truly unique instruments. The reason we don't hear about them is because they are usually too niche to be adopted widely. For an instrument to gain any popularity it needs to have a somewhat low barrie... | Physics |
Why can my computer copy a 500 MB file easily, but struggles to copy 5 MB of text in a word processor? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | When you copy a file it doesn't need to put the entire file in memory, and simply needs to copy the exact bits. When you copy in word, it needs to put all the text in memory and then format the text so it can be displayed to you. It's the difference between using the read/write power of your hard drive, and the computa... | Technology |
Why is the water that comes from a natural spring so cold? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Natural springs don't usually run that deep. When you're only a few dozen feet down the ground temperature is just above the average annual temp, which is usually only in the 40s or 50s (F) in the higher latitudes. Geysers are powered by subsurface magma chambers that are much deeper and far hotter. | Other |
what chemically happens to milk when it goes sour? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | The lactose (milk sugar) is converted to lactic acid by lactobacillus bacteria (same ones that make yoghurt and cheese). The increased acidity causes the milk proteins to denature (unfold), exposing bits of protein that are hydrophobic (want to stay away from water). These bits then stick to each other, making clumps t... | Chemistry |
If movie projectors project light, how do they project the color black? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Movie projectors project light through a reel of film (or at least used to) the black areas are the parts on that film that are less transparent meaning less light get a though... so it looks darker. Which is how you get a contrast high enough for us to perceive it as black. | Technology |
What's 'Sharia law'? Why do people (apparently) want it in the US and why are conservatives and other people afraid of it? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It is law derived from Islam. Even if it were a good system (which it may or may not be depending on your beliefs/opinion) it's incompatible with U.S. law because it would violate the First Amendment right to freedom of religion. We wouldn't exactly have that right while being forced into the practices of one particula... | Other |
Why do electrons come from the negative side/terminal of the battery? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | People that made up the convention of labeling one side negative and the other positive did it thinking positive current flows from positive to negative. Later we realized that (in a typical electrical circuit) it's actually negative current flowing the other way. We didn't know that it was electrons moving and not pro... | Physics |
I have to teach 6th graders about investment and I want to talk to them about bonds, so I looked up the definition, and I have no clue what it's talking about. Any help? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Say I borrow $100 from you. I write down that I owe you $100 on a piece of paper. That piece of paper is the bond. At some point in the future, I owe you the $100 I borrowed from you back. I am called the issuer of the bond because I wrote down the IOU on the piece of paper. You are the creditor aka the lender. Now say... | Economics |
Why supersonic planes are designed with Deltawings, and subsonic planes are designed with swept wings? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | Long skinny wings have [less drag]( URL_1 ) for the amount of lift they generate, so they're more fuel efficient. But you can't have a long skinny wing on a supersonic airplane: if the wings stick outside the [cone-shaped shock wave]( URL_0 ) surrounding the plane, they may be damaged, and if not, the flight physics ge... | Physics |
Why are stains like those from curry, yellow ginger so difficult to remove despite numerous cleaning? | [
{
"content": "The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.\nYour answer should follow these... | It's turmeric - which is indeed a plant in the ginger family. I don't know why turmeric hangs on as well as it does, but it's been used as a dye forever. It's the curcumin in turmeric which produces the color. Interestingly, Indians have used turmeric as an antibacterial - you may wash your vegetables in turmeric water... | Chemistry |
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