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It became a moral justification to lift the world up to French standards by bringing [Christianity] and [French culture]. In 1884 the leading exponent of [colonialism], [Jules Ferry] declared France had a [civilising mission]: "The higher races have a right over the lower races, they have a duty to [civilize] the [infe... | It became a moral justification to lift the world up to French standards by bringing Christianity and French culture. In 1884 the leading exponent of colonialism, Jules Ferry declared France had a civilising mission: "The higher races have a right over the lower races, they have a duty to civilize the inferior". Full c... |
The [Panthers] beat the [Seattle Seahawks] in the [divisional round], running up a [31–0] [halftime lead] and then holding off a [furious] [second half comeback attempt] to win [31–24], [avenging] their [elimination] from a [year earlier]. The [Panthers] then [blew out] the [Arizona Cardinals] in the [NFC Championship ... | The Panthers beat the Seattle Seahawks in the divisional round, running up a 31–0 halftime lead and then holding off a furious second half comeback attempt to win 31–24, avenging their elimination from a year earlier. The Panthers then blew out the Arizona Cardinals in the NFC Championship Game, 49–15, racking up 487 y... |
[Tesla] was [asocial] and prone to [seclude] himself with his [work]. However, when he did engage in a [social life], many people spoke very [positively] and [admiringly] of Tesla. [Robert Underwood Johnson] described him as attaining a "[distinguished sweetness, sincerity, modesty, refinement, generosity, and force]."... | Tesla was asocial and prone to seclude himself with his work. However, when he did engage in a social life, many people spoke very positively and admiringly of Tesla. Robert Underwood Johnson described him as attaining a "distinguished sweetness, sincerity, modesty, refinement, generosity, and force." His loyal secreta... |
The [inverted repeat regions] are highly [conserved] among [land plants], and [accumulate few mutations]. [Similar inverted repeats] exist in the genomes of [cyanobacteria] and the other two [chloroplast lineages] ([glaucophyta] and [rhodophyceæ]), suggesting that they [predate] the [chloroplast], though some [chloropl... | The inverted repeat regions are highly conserved among land plants, and accumulate few mutations. Similar inverted repeats exist in the genomes of cyanobacteria and the other two chloroplast lineages (glaucophyta and rhodophyceæ), suggesting that they predate the chloroplast, though some chloroplast DNAs have since los... |
A particularly [simple] example of a [probabilistic test] is the [Fermat primality test], which relies on the [fact] ([Fermat's little theorem]) that [np≡n] (mod p) for any n if p is a [prime number]. If we have a [number] b that we want to test for [primality], then we work out [nb] (mod b) for a [random value] of n a... | A particularly simple example of a probabilistic test is the Fermat primality test, which relies on the fact (Fermat's little theorem) that np≡n (mod p) for any n if p is a prime number. If we have a number b that we want to test for primality, then we work out nb (mod b) for a random value of n as our test. A flaw wit... |
Another [position] in the [United Methodist Church] is that of the [lay servant]. Although not considered [clergy], [lay speakers] often [preach] during [services of worship] when an [ordained elder], [Local Pastor], [Associate Member] or [deacon] is [unavailable]. There are [two categories] of [lay servants]: [local c... | Another position in the United Methodist Church is that of the lay servant. Although not considered clergy, lay speakers often preach during services of worship when an ordained elder, Local Pastor, Associate Member or deacon is unavailable. There are two categories of lay servants: local church lay servant, who serve ... |
Warsaw (Polish: [Warszawa] varˈʂava ( [listen]); see also other names) is the [capital] and [largest city] of [Poland]. It stands on the [Vistula River] in [east-central] [Poland], roughly [260 kilometres] ([160 mi]) from the [Baltic Sea] and [300 kilometres] ([190 mi]) from the [Carpathian Mountains]. Its [population]... | Warsaw (Polish: Warszawa varˈʂava ( listen); see also other names) is the capital and largest city of Poland. It stands on the Vistula River in east-central Poland, roughly 260 kilometres (160 mi) from the Baltic Sea and 300 kilometres (190 mi) from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population is estimated at 1.740 million... |
The availability of the Bible in vernacular languages was important to the spread of the Protestant movement and development of the Reformed church in France. [The availability of the Bible in vernacular languages] [spread of the Protestant movement] [development of the Reformed church] [France]. The country had a long... | The availability of the Bible in vernacular languages was important to the spread of the Protestant movement and development of the Reformed church in France. The country had a long history of struggles with the papacy by the time the Protestant Reformation finally arrived. Around 1294, a French version of the Scriptur... |
[Charles Avison], the leading [British composer] of [concertos] in the [18th century], was born in [Newcastle upon Tyne] in [1709] and died there in [1770]. [Basil Hume], [Archbishop] of [Westminster], was born in the city in [1923]. [Vice Admiral] [Cuthbert Collingwood], 1st [Baron Collingwood], was born in the city. ... | Charles Avison, the leading British composer of concertos in the 18th century, was born in Newcastle upon Tyne in 1709 and died there in 1770. Basil Hume, Archbishop of Westminster, was born in the city in 1923. Vice Admiral Cuthbert Collingwood, 1st Baron Collingwood, was born in the city. Ironmaster, metallurgist, an... |
In [1999], another special, [Doctor Who and the Curse of Fatal Death], was made for [Comic Relief] and later released on [VHS]. An [affectionate parody] of the [television series], it was split into [four segments], [mimicking] the [traditional serial format], complete with [cliffhangers], and [running down] the [same ... | In 1999, another special, Doctor Who and the Curse of Fatal Death, was made for Comic Relief and later released on VHS. An affectionate parody of the television series, it was split into four segments, mimicking the traditional serial format, complete with cliffhangers, and running down the same corridor several times ... |
Similarly, it is not known if [L] (the set of all problems that can be solved in [logarithmic space]) is strictly contained in [P] or equal to [P]. Again, there are many complexity classes between the two, such as [NL] and [NC], and it is not known if they are [distinct] or [equal] classes. | Similarly, it is not known if L (the set of all problems that can be solved in logarithmic space) is strictly contained in P or equal to P. Again, there are many complexity classes between the two, such as NL and NC, and it is not known if they are distinct or equal classes. |
Starting in [1934], the [Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company] began paying [Tesla] [$125 per month] as well as paying his rent at the [Hotel New Yorker], [expenses] the Company would pay for the [rest of Tesla's life]. [Accounts] on how this came about [vary]. Several [sources] say [Westinghouse] was worried ... | Starting in 1934, the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company began paying Tesla $125 per month as well as paying his rent at the Hotel New Yorker, expenses the Company would pay for the rest of Tesla's life. Accounts on how this came about vary. Several sources say Westinghouse was worried about potential bad pu... |
At the start of the war, [no French regular army troops] were stationed in [North America], and [few British troops]. [New France] was defended by about [3,000 troupes de la marine], [companies of colonial regulars] (some of whom had [significant woodland combat experience]). The [colonial government] recruited [militi... | At the start of the war, no French regular army troops were stationed in North America, and few British troops. New France was defended by about 3,000 troupes de la marine, companies of colonial regulars (some of whom had significant woodland combat experience). The colonial government recruited militia support when ne... |
[Harvard] has the largest [university endowment] in the world. As of September [2011], it had nearly regained the loss suffered during the [2008 recession]. It was worth $32 billion in [2011], up from $28 billion in September [2010] and $26 billion in [2009]. It suffered about [30% loss] in [2008-09]. In December [2008... | Harvard has the largest university endowment in the world. As of September 2011update, it had nearly regained the loss suffered during the 2008 recession. It was worth $32 billion in 2011, up from $28 billion in September 2010 and $26 billion in 2009. It suffered about 30% loss in 2008-09. In December 2008, Harvard ann... |
According to the [UK Government]'s returned [2001 census] information, the city of [Newcastle] had a population of [189,863], whereas the [metropolitan borough] of [Newcastle] had a population of around [259,000]. [Newcastle] has a population of [282,442] according to the [Office for National Statistics]. The [metropol... | According to the UK Government's returned 2001 census information, the city of Newcastle had a population of 189,863, whereas the metropolitan borough of Newcastle had a population of around 259,000. Newcastle has a population of 282,442 according to the Office for National Statistics. The metropolitan boroughs of Nort... |
It is possible to use a [mechanism] based on a [pistonless rotary engine] such as the [Wankel engine] in place of the [cylinders] and [valve gear] of a [conventional reciprocating steam engine]. Many such engines have been [designed], from the time of [James Watt] to the present day, but [relatively few] were actually ... | It is possible to use a mechanism based on a pistonless rotary engine such as the Wankel engine in place of the cylinders and valve gear of a conventional reciprocating steam engine. Many such engines have been designed, from the time of James Watt to the present day, but relatively few were actually built and even few... |
The system of [bureaucracy] created by [Kublai Khan] reflected various cultures in the empire, including that of the [Han Chinese], [Khitans], [Jurchens], [Mongols], and [Tibetan Buddhists]. While the [official terminology] of the [institutions] may indicate the [government structure] was almost purely that of [native ... | The system of bureaucracy created by Kublai Khan reflected various cultures in the empire, including that of the Han Chinese, Khitans, Jurchens, Mongols, and Tibetan Buddhists. While the official terminology of the institutions may indicate the government structure was almost purely that of native Chinese dynasties, th... |
Following the [French Crown]'s [revocation] of the [Edict of Nantes], many [Huguenots] settled in [Ireland] in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, encouraged by an [act of parliament] for [Protestants]' settling in Ireland. Huguenot [regiments] fought for [William of Orange] in the [Williamite war] in Ireland, for ... | Following the French Crown's revocation of the Edict of Nantes, many Huguenots settled in Ireland in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, encouraged by an act of parliament for Protestants' settling in Ireland. Huguenot regiments fought for William of Orange in the Williamite war in Ireland, for which they were rewa... |
As well as creating rights for ["workers"] who generally lack ["bargaining power"] in the market, the ["Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union"] also protects the ["freedom of establishment"] in ["article 49"], and ["freedom to provide services"] in ["article 56"]. In ["Gebhard v Consiglio dell’Ordine degli Av... | As well as creating rights for "workers" who generally lack bargaining power in the market, the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union also protects the "freedom of establishment" in article 49, and "freedom to provide services" in article 56. In Gebhard v Consiglio dell’Ordine degli Avvocati e Procuratori di ... |
In literature, [author] of the [New York Times bestseller] [Before I Fall] [Lauren Oliver], [Pulitzer Prize winning novelist] [Philip Roth], [Canadian-born Pulitzer Prize and Nobel Prize for Literature winning writer] [Saul Bellow], [political philosopher], [literary critic] and [author] of the [New York Times bestsell... | In literature, author of the New York Times bestseller Before I Fall Lauren Oliver, Pulitzer Prize winning novelist Philip Roth, Canadian-born Pulitzer Prize and Nobel Prize for Literature winning writer Saul Bellow, political philosopher, literary critic and author of the New York Times bestseller "The Closing of the ... |
Luther sympathised with [peasants' grievances], as he showed in his [response] to the [Twelve Articles] in May 1525, but he reminded the aggrieved to [obey the temporal authorities]. During a [tour] of [Thuringia], he became [enraged] at the widespread [burning] of [convents], [monasteries], [bishops' palaces], and [li... | Luther sympathised with some of the peasants' grievances, as he showed in his response to the Twelve Articles in May 1525, but he reminded the aggrieved to obey the temporal authorities. During a tour of Thuringia, he became enraged at the widespread burning of convents, monasteries, bishops' palaces, and libraries. In... |
The [outcome] was one of the [most significant] [developments] in a [century] of [Anglo-French conflict]. [France] ceded its [territory] [east] of the [Mississippi] to [Great Britain]. It ceded [French Louisiana] [west] of the [Mississippi River] (including [New Orleans]) to its [ally Spain], in [compensation] for [Spa... | The outcome was one of the most significant developments in a century of Anglo-French conflict. France ceded its territory east of the Mississippi to Great Britain. It ceded French Louisiana west of the Mississippi River (including New Orleans) to its ally Spain, in compensation for Spain's loss to Britain of Florida (... |
A [construction project] is a [complex net] of [contracts] and other [legal obligations], each of which all parties must [carefully consider]. A [contract] is the [exchange] of a set of [obligations] between two or more parties, but it is not so [simple] a [matter] as trying to get the other side to agree to as much as... | A construction project is a complex net of contracts and other legal obligations, each of which all parties must carefully consider. A contract is the exchange of a set of obligations between two or more parties, but it is not so simple a matter as trying to get the other side to agree to as much as possible in exchang... |
[Kenya] has proven deposits of [oil] in [Turkana] and the [commercial viability] was just discovered. [Tullow Oil] estimates Kenya's oil reserves to be around [10 billion barrels]. [Exploration] is still continuing to determine if there are more reserves. Kenya currently [imports] all [crude petroleum] requirements. Ke... | Kenya has proven deposits of oil in Turkana and the commercial viability was just discovered. Tullow Oil estimates Kenya's oil reserves to be around 10 billion barrels. Exploration is still continuing to determine if there are more reserves. Kenya currently imports all crude petroleum requirements. Kenya, east Africa's... |
The [IPCC] does not carry out [research] nor does it monitor [climate related data]. [Lead authors] of [IPCC reports] assess the [available information] about [climate change] based on [published sources]. According to [IPCC guidelines], authors should give [priority] to [peer-reviewed sources]. Authors may refer to [n... | The IPCC does not carry out research nor does it monitor climate related data. Lead authors of IPCC reports assess the available information about climate change based on published sources. According to IPCC guidelines, authors should give priority to peer-reviewed sources. Authors may refer to non-peer-reviewed source... |
[Genghis Khan], [friction], [sons], [Chagatai], [Jochi], [conflict], [divide], [empire], [sons], [make], [Khan], [appointing], [sons], [successor], [Chagatai], [unstable], [temper], [rash behavior], [statements], [follow], [Jochi], [father's successor], [Tolui], [Genghis Khan's youngest son], [successor], [youngest], [... | Genghis Khan was aware of the friction between his sons (particularly between Chagatai and Jochi) and worried of possible conflict between them if he died. He therefore decided to divide his empire among his sons and make all of them Khan in their own right, while appointing one of his sons as his successor. Chagatai w... |
[BSkyB]'s [standard definition] broadcasts are in [DVB-compliant] [MPEG-2], with the [Sky Movies] and [Sky Box Office] channels including optional [Dolby Digital soundtracks] for recent films, although these are only accessible with a [Sky+ box]. [Sky+ HD material] is broadcast using [MPEG-4] and most of the HD materia... | BSkyB's standard definition broadcasts are in DVB-compliant MPEG-2, with the Sky Movies and Sky Box Office channels including optional Dolby Digital soundtracks for recent films, although these are only accessible with a Sky+ box. Sky+ HD material is broadcast using MPEG-4 and most of the HD material uses the DVB-S2 st... |
The annual [NFL Experience] was held at the [Moscone Center] in [San Francisco]. In addition, ["Super Bowl City"] opened on January 30 at [Justin Herman Plaza] on [The Embarcadero], featuring [games] and [activities] that will highlight the [Bay Area]'s [technology], [culinary creations], and [cultural diversity]. More... | The annual NFL Experience was held at the Moscone Center in San Francisco. In addition, "Super Bowl City" opened on January 30 at Justin Herman Plaza on The Embarcadero, featuring games and activities that will highlight the Bay Area's technology, culinary creations, and cultural diversity. More than 1 million people a... |
In contrast to the views of [John Calvin] and [Philipp Melanchthon], throughout his life [Luther] maintained that it was not [false doctrine] to believe that a [Christian's soul] [sleeps] after it is [separated] from the [body] in [death]; and, accordingly, he [disputed] [traditional interpretations] of some [Bible pas... | In contrast to the views of John Calvin and Philipp Melanchthon, throughout his life Luther maintained that it was not false doctrine to believe that a Christian's soul sleeps after it is separated from the body in death; and, accordingly, he disputed traditional interpretations of some Bible passages, such as the para... |
The shape of the Rhine delta is determined by two bifurcations: [first], at [Millingen aan de Rijn], the Rhine splits into [Waal] and [Pannerdens Kanaal], which changes its name to [Nederrijn] at [Angeren], and [second] near [Arnhem], the [IJssel] branches off from the [Nederrijn]. This creates [three main flows], [two... | The shape of the Rhine delta is determined by two bifurcations: first, at Millingen aan de Rijn, the Rhine splits into Waal and Pannerdens Kanaal, which changes its name to Nederrijn at Angeren, and second near Arnhem, the IJssel branches off from the Nederrijn. This creates three main flows, two of which change names ... |
There are [3 main bus companies] providing [services] in the [city]; [Arriva North East], [Go North East] and [Stagecoach North East]. There are [two major bus stations] in the [city]: [Haymarket bus station] and [Eldon Square bus station]. [Arriva] mainly operates from [Haymarket Bus Station] providing the [majority o... | There are 3 main bus companies providing services in the city; Arriva North East, Go North East and Stagecoach North East. There are two major bus stations in the city: Haymarket bus station and Eldon Square bus station. Arriva mainly operates from Haymarket Bus Station providing the majority of services to the north o... |
Luther's hymns were included in [early Lutheran hymnals] and spread the [ideas] of the [Reformation]. He supplied [four] of [eight] [songs] of the [First Lutheran hymnal] [Achtliederbuch], [18] of [26] [songs] of the [Erfurt Enchiridion], and [24] of the [32] [songs] in the [first choral hymnal] with settings by [Johan... | Luther's hymns were included in early Lutheran hymnals and spread the ideas of the Reformation. He supplied four of eight songs of the First Lutheran hymnal Achtliederbuch, 18 of 26 songs of the Erfurt Enchiridion, and 24 of the 32 songs in the first choral hymnal with settings by Johann Walter, Eyn geystlich Gesangk B... |
[European Union law] is applied by the [courts] of [member states] and the [Court of Justice] of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for [lesser rights] [European Union law] can be enforced by the [courts] of [member states]. In case of [European Union law] which should have been [transposed] in... | European Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of membe... |
[Tamara de Lempicka], [famous artist], [born in Warsaw]. [Maria Górska], [born in Warsaw], [wealthy parents], [married a Polish lawyer Tadeusz Łempicki]. [Art Deco style], [painting], [art]. [Nathan Alterman], [Israeli poet], [born in Warsaw]. [Moshe Vilenski], [Israeli composer], [lyricist], [pianist], [studied music]... | Tamara de Lempicka was a famous artist born in Warsaw. She was born Maria Górska in Warsaw to wealthy parents and in 1916 married a Polish lawyer Tadeusz Łempicki. Better than anyone else she represented the Art Deco style in painting and art. Nathan Alterman, the Israeli poet, was born in Warsaw, as was Moshe Vilenski... |
In [1990], [Thomas S. Murphy] delegated his position as [president] to [Daniel B. Burke] while remaining ABC's [chairman] and [CEO]. [Capital Cities/ABC] reported [revenues] of [$465 million]. Now at a [strong second place], the [network] entered the [1990s] with additional [family-friendly hits] including [America's F... | In 1990, Thomas S. Murphy delegated his position as president to Daniel B. Burke while remaining ABC's chairman and CEO. Capital Cities/ABC reported revenues of $465 million. Now at a strong second place, the network entered the 1990s with additional family-friendly hits including America's Funniest Home Videos (which ... |
There are also several [smaller freight operators] and [numerous tourist railways] operating over lines which were once parts of a [state-owned system]. [Victorian lines] mainly use the [1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) broad gauge]. However, the [interstate trunk routes], as well as a number of [branch lines] in the [west of the ... | There are also several smaller freight operators and numerous tourist railways operating over lines which were once parts of a state-owned system. Victorian lines mainly use the 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) broad gauge. However, the interstate trunk routes, as well as a number of branch lines in the west of the state have been... |
[Apollo 8] was planned to be the [D mission] in [December 1968], crewed by [McDivitt], [Scott] and [Schweickart], launched on a [Saturn V] instead of two [Saturn IBs]. In the summer it had become clear that the [LM] would not be ready in time. Rather than waste the [Saturn V] on another simple [Earth-orbiting mission],... | Apollo 8 was planned to be the D mission in December 1968, crewed by McDivitt, Scott and Schweickart, launched on a Saturn V instead of two Saturn IBs. In the summer it had become clear that the LM would not be ready in time. Rather than waste the Saturn V on another simple Earth-orbiting mission, ASPO Manager George L... |
Looking beyond the manned lunar landings, [NASA] investigated several [post-lunar applications] for [Apollo hardware]. The [Apollo Extension Series] ([Apollo X],) proposed up to [30 flights] to [Earth orbit], using the space in the [Spacecraft Lunar Module Adapter] (SLA) to house a [small orbital laboratory] ([workshop... | Looking beyond the manned lunar landings, NASA investigated several post-lunar applications for Apollo hardware. The Apollo Extension Series (Apollo X,) proposed up to 30 flights to Earth orbit, using the space in the Spacecraft Lunar Module Adapter (SLA) to house a small orbital laboratory (workshop). Astronauts would... |
In [the spring] of [1975], [Fred Pierce], the [newly appointed president] of [ABC Television], convinced [Fred Silverman] to become the [first president] and [director of programming] of the [independent television production subsidiary] [ABC Entertainment], created from the [network's namesake programming division]. I... | In the spring of 1975, Fred Pierce, the newly appointed president of ABC Television, convinced Fred Silverman to become the first president and director of programming of the independent television production subsidiary ABC Entertainment, created from the network's namesake programming division. In 1974, ABC premiered ... |
[Wiesner] kept up the pressure, even making the disagreement public during a two-day September visit by the President to [Marshall Space Flight Center]. Wiesner blurted out "No, that's no good" in front of the press, during a presentation by [von Braun]. [Webb] jumped in and defended von Braun, until [Kennedy] ended th... | Wiesner kept up the pressure, even making the disagreement public during a two-day September visit by the President to Marshall Space Flight Center. Wiesner blurted out "No, that's no good" in front of the press, during a presentation by von Braun. Webb jumped in and defended von Braun, until Kennedy ended the squabble... |
Some argue that The United Methodist Church can lay a claim on [apostolic succession], as understood in the [traditional sense]. As a result of the [American Revolution], [John Wesley] was compelled in [1784] to break with [standard practice] and [ordain] two of his [lay preachers] as [presbyters], [Thomas Vasey] and [... | Some argue that The United Methodist Church can lay a claim on apostolic succession, as understood in the traditional sense. As a result of the American Revolution, John Wesley was compelled in 1784 to break with standard practice and ordain two of his lay preachers as presbyters, Thomas Vasey and Richard Whatcoat. Dr.... |
Another [green space] in [Newcastle] is the [Town Moor], lying immediately [north] of the [city centre]. It is [larger] than [London's famous Hyde Park] and [Hampstead Heath] put together and the [freemen] of the [city] have the [right] to [graze cattle] on it. The [right] incidentally [extends] to the [pitch] of [St. ... | Another green space in Newcastle is the Town Moor, lying immediately north of the city centre. It is larger than London's famous Hyde Park and Hampstead Heath put together and the freemen of the city have the right to graze cattle on it. The right incidentally extends to the pitch of St. James' Park, Newcastle United F... |
[Plotting], the [relationship] between [level of income] and [inequality], [Kuznets] saw [middle-income developing economies] level of inequality [bulging out] to form what is now known as the [Kuznets curve]. [Kuznets] demonstrated this relationship using [cross-sectional data]. However, [more recent testing] of this ... | Plotting the relationship between level of income and inequality, Kuznets saw middle-income developing economies level of inequality bulging out to form what is now known as the Kuznets curve. Kuznets demonstrated this relationship using cross-sectional data. However, more recent testing of this theory with superior pa... |
The ["Big Five"] game animals of Africa, that is the [lion], [leopard], [buffalo], [rhinoceros], and [elephant], can be found in [Kenya] and in the [Masai Mara] in particular. A significant population of other [wild animals], [reptiles] and [birds] can be found in the [national parks] and [game reserves] in the country... | The "Big Five" game animals of Africa, that is the lion, leopard, buffalo, rhinoceros, and elephant, can be found in Kenya and in the Masai Mara in particular. A significant population of other wild animals, reptiles and birds can be found in the national parks and game reserves in the country. The annual animal migrat... |
Until the early 1980s, [industry] was a major source of [water pollution]. Although many [plants] and [factories] can be found along the [Rhine] up into [Switzerland], it is along the [Lower Rhine] that the bulk of them are concentrated, as the river passes the major cities of [Cologne], [Düsseldorf] and [Duisburg]. [D... | Until the early 1980s, industry was a major source of water pollution. Although many plants and factories can be found along the Rhine up into Switzerland, it is along the Lower Rhine that the bulk of them are concentrated, as the river passes the major cities of Cologne, Düsseldorf and Duisburg. Duisburg is the home o... |
During this time, the [discovery] of [oil] in the [North Sea] and the following "It's Scotland's oil" [campaign] of the [Scottish National Party] ([SNP]) resulted in [rising support] for [Scottish independence], as well as the [SNP]. The party [argued] that the [revenues] from the [oil] were not [benefitting] [Scotland... | During this time, the discovery of oil in the North Sea and the following "It's Scotland's oil" campaign of the Scottish National Party (SNP) resulted in rising support for Scottish independence, as well as the SNP. The party argued that the revenues from the oil were not benefitting Scotland as much as they should. Th... |
ABC originally launched on [October 12, 1943] as a [radio network], separated from and serving as the [successor] to the [NBC Blue Network], which had been [purchased] by [Edward J. Noble]. It [extended] its operations to [television] in [1948], following in the footsteps of [established] [broadcast networks] [CBS] and... | ABC originally launched on October 12, 1943 as a radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network, which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble. It extended its operations to television in 1948, following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS and NBC. In the mid-1950s, ... |
Research by [Harvard economist] [Robert Barro], found that there is "little overall relation between [income inequality] and rates of [growth] and [investment]". According to work by [Barro] in [1999] and [2000], [high levels] of [inequality] reduce [growth] in relatively [poor countries] but encourage [growth] in [ric... | Research by Harvard economist Robert Barro, found that there is "little overall relation between income inequality and rates of growth and investment". According to work by Barro in 1999 and 2000, high levels of inequality reduce growth in relatively poor countries but encourage growth in richer countries. A study of S... |
When [Sky Digital] was launched in [1998] the new service used the [Astra 2A satellite] which was located at the [28.5°E] [orbital position], unlike the [analogue service] which was broadcast from [19.2°E]. This was subsequently followed by more [Astra satellites] as well as [Eutelsat's Eurobird 1] (now [Eutelsat 33C])... | When Sky Digital was launched in 1998 the new service used the Astra 2A satellite which was located at the 28.5°E orbital position, unlike the analogue service which was broadcast from 19.2°E. This was subsequently followed by more Astra satellites as well as Eutelsat's Eurobird 1 (now Eutelsat 33C) at 28.5°E), enabled... |
The [common allotrope] of [elemental oxygen] on [Earth] is called [dioxygen], [O2]. It is the form that is a [major part] of the [Earth's atmosphere] (see [Occurrence]). [O2] has a [bond length] of [121 pm] and a [bond energy] of [498 kJ·mol−1], which is [smaller] than the energy of [other double bonds] or [pairs of si... | The common allotrope of elemental oxygen on Earth is called dioxygen, O
2. It is the form that is a major part of the Earth's atmosphere (see Occurrence). O2 has a bond length of 121 pm and a bond energy of 498 kJ·mol−1, which is smaller than the energy of other double bonds or pairs of single bonds in the biosphere an... |
[Prime ideals] are the [points] of [algebro-geometric objects], via the notion of the [spectrum] of a [ring]. [Arithmetic geometry] also benefits from this notion, and many [concepts] exist in both [geometry] and [number theory]. For example, [factorization] or [ramification] of [prime ideals] when lifted to an [extens... | Prime ideals are the points of algebro-geometric objects, via the notion of the spectrum of a ring. Arithmetic geometry also benefits from this notion, and many concepts exist in both geometry and number theory. For example, factorization or ramification of prime ideals when lifted to an extension field, a basic proble... |
[Analogous definitions] can be made for [space requirements]. Although [time] and [space] are the most [well-known] [complexity resources], any [complexity measure] can be viewed as a [computational resource]. [Complexity measures] are very [generally defined] by the [Blum complexity axioms]. [Other complexity measures... | Analogous definitions can be made for space requirements. Although time and space are the most well-known complexity resources, any complexity measure can be viewed as a computational resource. Complexity measures are very generally defined by the Blum complexity axioms. Other complexity measures used in complexity the... |
[It was shown] by [Ladner] that [if P ≠ NP] [then] there exist [problems] in [NP] that are [neither in P] [nor] [NP-complete]. [Such problems] are called [NP-intermediate problems]. [The graph isomorphism problem], [the discrete logarithm problem] and [the integer factorization problem] are examples of [problems] belie... | It was shown by Ladner that if P ≠ NP then there exist problems in NP that are neither in P nor NP-complete. Such problems are called NP-intermediate problems. The graph isomorphism problem, the discrete logarithm problem and the integer factorization problem are examples of problems believed to be NP-intermediate. The... |
[Mortgage bankers], [accountants], and [cost engineers] are likely participants in creating an overall plan for the [financial management] of the [building construction project]. The presence of the [mortgage banker] is highly likely, even in relatively [small projects] since the [owner's equity] in the property is the... | Mortgage bankers, accountants, and cost engineers are likely participants in creating an overall plan for the financial management of the building construction project. The presence of the mortgage banker is highly likely, even in relatively small projects since the owner's equity in the property is the most obvious so... |
The "freedom to provide services" under TFEU article 56 applies to [people] who give services "for remuneration", especially [commercial] or [professional] [activity]. For example, in [Van Binsbergen] v [Bestuur van de Bedrijfvereniging voor de Metaalnijverheid] a [Dutch lawyer] moved to [Belgium] while advising a [cli... | The "freedom to provide services" under TFEU article 56 applies to people who give services "for remuneration", especially commercial or professional activity. For example, in Van Binsbergen v Bestuur van de Bedrijfvereniging voor de Metaalnijverheid a Dutch lawyer moved to Belgium while advising a client in a social s... |
[Misconduct] by [teachers], especially [sexual misconduct], has been getting [increased scrutiny] from the [media] and the [courts]. A [study] by the [American Association of University Women] reported that [9.6%] of [students] in the [United States] claim to have received [unwanted sexual attention] from an [adult] as... | Misconduct by teachers, especially sexual misconduct, has been getting increased scrutiny from the media and the courts. A study by the American Association of University Women reported that 9.6% of students in the United States claim to have received unwanted sexual attention from an adult associated with education; b... |
In [Marxian analysis], [capitalist firms] increasingly substitute [capital equipment] for [labor inputs] (workers) under [competitive pressure] to reduce [costs] and maximize [profits]. Over the [long-term], this trend increases the [organic composition of capital], meaning that [less workers] are required in proportio... | In Marxian analysis, capitalist firms increasingly substitute capital equipment for labor inputs (workers) under competitive pressure to reduce costs and maximize profits. Over the long-term, this trend increases the organic composition of capital, meaning that less workers are required in proportion to capital inputs,... |
In [connectionless mode] each packet includes complete [addressing information]. The packets are [routed] [individually], sometimes resulting in [different paths] and [out-of-order delivery]. Each packet is [labeled] with a [destination address], [source address], and [port numbers]. It may also be labeled with the [se... | In connectionless mode each packet includes complete addressing information. The packets are routed individually, sometimes resulting in different paths and out-of-order delivery. Each packet is labeled with a destination address, source address, and port numbers. It may also be labeled with the sequence number of the ... |
In [Europe], the [North American theater] of the [Seven Years' War] usually is not given a separate name. The entire [international conflict] is known as the [Seven Years' War]. "Seven Years" refers to events in [Europe], from the [official declaration of war] in [1756] to the [signing of the peace treaty] in [1763]. T... | In Europe, the North American theater of the Seven Years' War usually is not given a separate name. The entire international conflict is known as the Seven Years' War. "Seven Years" refers to events in Europe, from the official declaration of war in 1756 to the signing of the peace treaty in 1763. These dates do not co... |
[Jacksonville], like [most large cities] in the [United States], suffered from [negative effects] of [rapid urban sprawl] after [World War II]. The construction of [highways] led [residents] to move to [newer housing] in the [suburbs]. After [World War II], the [government] of the [city of Jacksonville] began to [incre... | Jacksonville, like most large cities in the United States, suffered from negative effects of rapid urban sprawl after World War II. The construction of highways led residents to move to newer housing in the suburbs. After World War II, the government of the city of Jacksonville began to increase spending to fund new pu... |
For [the Conservatives], the main [disappointment] was the [loss] of [Edinburgh Pentlands], the seat of former party leader [David McLetchie], to the [SNP]. [McLetchie] was elected on the [Lothian regional list] and the [Conservatives] suffered a [net loss] of [five seats], with [leader Annabel Goldie] claiming that th... | For the Conservatives, the main disappointment was the loss of Edinburgh Pentlands, the seat of former party leader David McLetchie, to the SNP. McLetchie was elected on the Lothian regional list and the Conservatives suffered a net loss of five seats, with leader Annabel Goldie claiming that their support had held fir... |
The [Tyneside flat] was the [dominant housing form] constructed at the time when the [industrial centres] on [Tyneside] were growing most rapidly. They can still be found in areas such as [South Heaton] in [Newcastle] but once [dominated] the [streetscape] on both sides of the [Tyne]. [Tyneside flats] were built as [te... | The Tyneside flat was the dominant housing form constructed at the time when the industrial centres on Tyneside were growing most rapidly. They can still be found in areas such as South Heaton in Newcastle but once dominated the streetscape on both sides of the Tyne. Tyneside flats were built as terraces, one of each p... |
At this time, none of the [tribal confederations] of [Mongolia] were united politically, and [arranged marriages] were often used to solidify [temporary alliances]. [Temüjin] grew up observing the [tough political climate] of Mongolia, which included [tribal warfare], [thievery], [raids], [corruption], and [continual a... | At this time, none of the tribal confederations of Mongolia were united politically, and arranged marriages were often used to solidify temporary alliances. Temüjin grew up observing the tough political climate of Mongolia, which included tribal warfare, thievery, raids, corruption, and continual acts of revenge carrie... |
Some [priests] and [former religious] had already [married], including [Andreas Karlstadt] and [Justus Jonas], but [Luther's wedding] set the [seal of approval] on [clerical marriage]. He had long [condemned vows] of [celibacy] on [Biblical grounds], but his [decision to marry] surprised many, not least [Melanchthon], ... | Some priests and former religious had already married, including Andreas Karlstadt and Justus Jonas, but Luther's wedding set the seal of approval on clerical marriage. He had long condemned vows of celibacy on Biblical grounds, but his decision to marry surprised many, not least Melanchthon, who called it reckless. Lu... |
In [1983], for the [40th anniversary] of the network's founding, ID sequences had the logo appear in a [gold] [CGI design] on a [blue background], accompanied by the slogan "That Special Feeling" in a [script font]. [Ten years later], in [1993], the "ABC Circle" logo [reverted] to its [classic] [white-on-black color sc... | In 1983, for the 40th anniversary of the network's founding, ID sequences had the logo appear in a gold CGI design on a blue background, accompanied by the slogan "That Special Feeling" in a script font. Ten years later, in 1993, the "ABC Circle" logo reverted to its classic white-on-black color scheme, but with gloss ... |
While most [chloroplasts] originate from that [first set] of [endosymbiotic events], [Paulinella chromatophora] is an [exception] that acquired a [photosynthetic cyanobacterial endosymbiont] more [recently]. It is not [clear] whether that [symbiont] is [closely related] to the [ancestral chloroplast] of other [eukaryot... | While most chloroplasts originate from that first set of endosymbiotic events, Paulinella chromatophora is an exception that acquired a photosynthetic cyanobacterial endosymbiont more recently. It is not clear whether that symbiont is closely related to the ancestral chloroplast of other eukaryotes. Being in the early ... |
[Ctenophora] (/tᵻˈnɒfərə/; singular ctenophore, /ˈtɛnəfɔːr/ or /ˈtiːnəfɔːr/; from the Greek κτείς kteis 'comb' and φέρω pherō 'carry'; commonly known as comb jellies) is a [phylum] of [animals] that live in [marine waters] [worldwide]. Their most [distinctive feature] is the ‘combs’ – [groups] of [cilia] which they use... | Ctenophora (/tᵻˈnɒfərə/; singular ctenophore, /ˈtɛnəfɔːr/ or /ˈtiːnəfɔːr/; from the Greek κτείς kteis 'comb' and φέρω pherō 'carry'; commonly known as comb jellies) is a phylum of animals that live in marine waters worldwide. Their most distinctive feature is the ‘combs’ – groups of cilia which they use for swimming – ... |
Following the election of the [UK Labour Party] to government in [1997], the UK formally subscribed to the [Agreement on Social Policy], which allowed it to be included with [minor amendments] as the [Social Chapter] of the [1997 Treaty of Amsterdam]. The UK subsequently adopted the main legislation previously agreed u... | Following the election of the UK Labour Party to government in 1997, the UK formally subscribed to the Agreement on Social Policy, which allowed it to be included with minor amendments as the Social Chapter of the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam. The UK subsequently adopted the main legislation previously agreed under the Agr... |
As [indigenous territories] continue to be [destroyed] by [deforestation] and [ecocide], such as in the [Peruvian Amazon] [indigenous peoples'] [rainforest communities] continue to [disappear], while others, like the [Urarina] continue to [struggle] to [fight] for their [cultural survival] and the [fate] of their [fore... | As indigenous territories continue to be destroyed by deforestation and ecocide, such as in the Peruvian Amazon indigenous peoples' rainforest communities continue to disappear, while others, like the Urarina continue to struggle to fight for their cultural survival and the fate of their forested territories. Meanwhile... |
Warsaw's [first stock exchange] was [established] in [1817] and [continued trading] until [World War II]. It was [re-established] in [April 1991], following the [end] of the [post-war communist control] of the [country] and the [reintroduction] of a [free-market economy]. Today, the [Warsaw Stock Exchange] ([WSE]) is, ... | Warsaw's first stock exchange was established in 1817 and continued trading until World War II. It was re-established in April 1991, following the end of the post-war communist control of the country and the reintroduction of a free-market economy. Today, the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE) is, according to many indicators... |
[Computational complexity theory] is a [branch] of the [theory of computation] in [theoretical computer science] that [focuses] on [classifying computational problems] according to their [inherent difficulty], and [relating] those [classes] to each other. A [computational problem] is [understood] to be a [task] that is... | Computational complexity theory is a branch of the theory of computation in theoretical computer science that focuses on classifying computational problems according to their inherent difficulty, and relating those classes to each other. A computational problem is understood to be a task that is in principle amenable t... |
[Luther]'s [final journey], to [Mansfeld], was taken because of his [concern] for his [siblings'] [families] continuing in their father [Hans Luther]'s [copper mining trade]. Their [livelihood] was threatened by [Count Albrecht] of Mansfeld bringing the [industry] under his own control. The [controversy] that ensued in... | Luther's final journey, to Mansfeld, was taken because of his concern for his siblings' families continuing in their father Hans Luther's copper mining trade. Their livelihood was threatened by Count Albrecht of Mansfeld bringing the industry under his own control. The controversy that ensued involved all four Mansfeld... |
[Six] of the [seven] lines of the [commuter rail system], [Metrolink], run out of [Downtown Los Angeles], connecting [Los Angeles], [Ventura], [San Bernardino], [Riverside], [Orange], and [San Diego] counties with the [other] line connecting [San Bernardino], [Riverside], and [Orange] counties directly. | Six of the seven lines of the commuter rail system, Metrolink, run out of Downtown Los Angeles, connecting Los Angeles, Ventura, San Bernardino, Riverside, Orange, and San Diego counties with the other line connecting San Bernardino, Riverside, and Orange counties directly. |
Both [X.25] and [Frame Relay] provide [connection-oriented operations]. But [X.25] does it at the [network layer] of the [OSI Model]. [Frame Relay] does it at [level two], the [data link layer]. Another major difference between [X.25] and [Frame Relay] is that [X.25] requires a [handshake] between the [communicating pa... | Both X.25 and Frame Relay provide connection-oriented operations. But X.25 does it at the network layer of the OSI Model. Frame Relay does it at level two, the data link layer. Another major difference between X.25 and Frame Relay is that X.25 requires a handshake between the communicating parties before any user packe... |
The [adoption] of [compounding] was [common] for [industrial units], for [road engines] and almost [universal] for [marine engines] after [1880]; it was not [universally popular] in [railway locomotives] where it was often perceived as [complicated]. This is partly due to the [harsh railway operating environment] and [... | The adoption of compounding was common for industrial units, for road engines and almost universal for marine engines after 1880; it was not universally popular in railway locomotives where it was often perceived as complicated. This is partly due to the harsh railway operating environment and limited space afforded by... |
[Tesla] was [6 feet 2 inches] (1.88 m) [tall] and [weighed] [142 pounds] (64 kg), with [almost no weight variance] from [1888] to about [1926].:292 He was an [elegant], [stylish] [figure] in [New York City], [meticulous] in his [grooming], [clothing], and [regimented] in his [daily activities]. | Tesla was 6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) tall and weighed 142 pounds (64 kg), with almost no weight variance from 1888 to about 1926.:292 He was an elegant, stylish figure in New York City, meticulous in his grooming, clothing, and regimented in his daily activities. |
There are many forms of [spiritual] or [religious teachers] in [Christianity], across all three major traditions - ([Roman]) [Catholic], ([Eastern]) [Orthodox Catholic], and [Protestant]/[Non-Denominational], with a [stronger tradition] of [spiritual formation] in the more [historic] and [authoritarian]/[hierarchical] ... | There are many forms of spiritual or religious teachers in Christianity, across all three major traditions - (Roman) Catholic, (Eastern) Orthodox Catholic, and Protestant/Non-Denominational, with a stronger tradition of spiritual formation in the more historic and authoritarian/hierarchical Christian traditions with a ... |
In [1968], [ABC] took advantage of new [FCC ownership regulations] that allowed [broadcasting companies] to own a [maximum] of [seven] [radio stations] [nationwide] in order to purchase [Houston] [radio stations] [KXYZ] and [KXYZ-FM] for [$1 million] in [shares] and [$1.5 million] in [bonds]. That year, [Roone Arledge]... | In 1968, ABC took advantage of new FCC ownership regulations that allowed broadcasting companies to own a maximum of seven radio stations nationwide in order to purchase Houston radio stations KXYZ and KXYZ-FM for $1 million in shares and $1.5 million in bonds. That year, Roone Arledge was named president of ABC Sports... |
The [element] is found in [almost all biomolecules] that are [important] to (or [generated by]) [life]. Only a few [common complex biomolecules], such as [squalene] and the [carotenes], contain [no oxygen]. Of the [organic compounds] with [biological relevance], [carbohydrates] contain the [largest proportion] by [mass... | The element is found in almost all biomolecules that are important to (or generated by) life. Only a few common complex biomolecules, such as squalene and the carotenes, contain no oxygen. Of the organic compounds with biological relevance, carbohydrates contain the largest proportion by mass of oxygen. All fats, fatty... |
[Terra preta] (black earth), which is [distributed] over [large areas] in the [Amazon forest], is now [widely accepted] as a product of [indigenous soil management]. The [development] of this [fertile soil] allowed [agriculture] and [silviculture] in the [previously hostile environment]; meaning that [large portions] o... | Terra preta (black earth), which is distributed over large areas in the Amazon forest, is now widely accepted as a product of indigenous soil management. The development of this fertile soil allowed agriculture and silviculture in the previously hostile environment; meaning that large portions of the Amazon rainforest ... |
In the fall of 1949, ABC found itself in the position of an outsider, with less coverage than two of its competing networks, CBS and NBC, even though it was on par with them in some major cities and had a headstart over its third rival at the time, the DuMont Television Network. [Before the freeze ended in 1952], there... | In the fall of 1949, ABC found itself in the position of an outsider, with less coverage than two of its competing networks, CBS and NBC, even though it was on par with them in some major cities and had a headstart over its third rival at the time, the DuMont Television Network. Before the freeze ended in 1952, there w... |
In the early 1990s the memory of [Genghis Khan] with the [Mongolian national identity] has had a powerful revival partly because of his perception during the [Mongolian People's Republic period]. [Genghis Khan] became one of the central figures of the [national identity]. He is looked upon positively by [Mongolians] fo... | In the early 1990s the memory of Genghis Khan with the Mongolian national identity has had a powerful revival partly because of his perception during the Mongolian People's Republic period. Genghis Khan became one of the central figures of the national identity. He is looked upon positively by Mongolians for his role i... |
There are conflicting views of Genghis Khan in the People's Republic of China with some viewing him positively in the Inner Mongolia region where there are a monument and buildings about him and where there is a considerable number of Mongols in the area with a population of around 5 million, almost twice the populatio... | There are conflicting views of Genghis Khan in the People's Republic of China with some viewing him positively in the Inner Mongolia region where there are a monument and buildings about him and where there is a considerable number of Mongols in the area with a population of around 5 million, almost twice the populatio... |
In [1872], the [Central Pacific Railroad] established a [station] near [Easterby's]—by now a hugely productive [wheat farm]—for its new [Southern Pacific line]. Soon there was a [store] around the [station] and the [store] grew the [town] of [Fresno Station], later called [Fresno]. Many [Millerton residents], drawn by ... | In 1872, the Central Pacific Railroad established a station near Easterby's—by now a hugely productive wheat farm—for its new Southern Pacific line. Soon there was a store around the station and the store grew the town of Fresno Station, later called Fresno. Many Millerton residents, drawn by the convenience of the rai... |
Legislative power in [Warsaw] is vested in a [unicameral Warsaw City Council] ([Rada Miasta]), which comprises [60 members]. [Council members] are [elected directly] every [four years]. Like most [legislative bodies], the City Council divides itself into [committees] which have the [oversight] of [various functions] of... | Legislative power in Warsaw is vested in a unicameral Warsaw City Council (Rada Miasta), which comprises 60 members. Council members are elected directly every four years. Like most legislative bodies, the City Council divides itself into committees which have the oversight of various functions of the city government. ... |
[Ersatzschulen] are [ordinary primary] or [secondary schools], which are run by [private individuals], [private organizations] or [religious groups]. These schools offer the [same types] of [diplomas] as [public schools]. [Ersatzschulen] lack the [freedom] to [operate completely outside] of [government regulation]. [Te... | Ersatzschulen are ordinary primary or secondary schools, which are run by private individuals, private organizations or religious groups. These schools offer the same types of diplomas as public schools. Ersatzschulen lack the freedom to operate completely outside of government regulation. Teachers at Ersatzschulen mus... |
Teachers that exhibit [enthusiasm] can lead to students who are more likely to be [engaged], [interested], [energetic], and [curious] about [learning] the [subject matter]. [Recent research] has found a [correlation] between teacher [enthusiasm] and students' [intrinsic motivation] to learn and [vitality] in the [class... | Teachers that exhibit enthusiasm can lead to students who are more likely to be engaged, interested, energetic, and curious about learning the subject matter. Recent research has found a correlation between teacher enthusiasm and students' intrinsic motivation to learn and vitality in the classroom. Controlled, experim... |
Each chapter has a number of [authors] who are responsible for [writing] and [editing] the material. A chapter typically has two "coordinating [lead authors]", ten to fifteen "lead authors", and a somewhat larger number of "contributing authors". The coordinating lead authors are responsible for [assembling] the [contr... | Each chapter has a number of authors who are responsible for writing and editing the material. A chapter typically has two "coordinating lead authors", ten to fifteen "lead authors", and a somewhat larger number of "contributing authors". The coordinating lead authors are responsible for assembling the contributions of... |
In some countries, [formal education] can take place through [home schooling]. [Informal learning] may be assisted by a [teacher] occupying a [transient] or [ongoing role], such as a [family member], or by anyone with [knowledge] or [skills] in the [wider community setting]. | In some countries, formal education can take place through home schooling. Informal learning may be assisted by a teacher occupying a transient or ongoing role, such as a family member, or by anyone with knowledge or skills in the wider community setting. |
[French Huguenot] [explorer] [Jean Ribault] charted the [St. Johns River] in 1562 calling it the [River of May] because he discovered it in May. [Ribault] erected a [stone column] near [present-day Jacksonville] claiming the [newly discovered land] for France. In 1564, [René Goulaine de Laudonnière] established the fir... | French Huguenot explorer Jean Ribault charted the St. Johns River in 1562 calling it the River of May because he discovered it in May. Ribault erected a stone column near present-day Jacksonville claiming the newly discovered land for France. In 1564, René Goulaine de Laudonnière established the first European settleme... |
The vast majority of Kenyans are Christian (83%), with [47.7%] regarding themselves as Protestant and [23.5%] as Roman Catholic of the Latin Rite. The [Presbyterian Church of East Africa] has [3 million followers] in Kenya and the surrounding countries. There are smaller [conservative Reformed churches], the [Africa Ev... | The vast majority of Kenyans are Christian (83%), with 47.7% regarding themselves as Protestant and 23.5% as Roman Catholic of the Latin Rite. The Presbyterian Church of East Africa has 3 million followers in Kenya and the surrounding countries. There are smaller conservative Reformed churches, the Africa Evangelical P... |
Another major division within Islamism is between what [Graham E. Fuller] has described as the fundamentalist "guardians of the tradition" ([Salafis], such as those in the [Wahhabi movement]) and the "vanguard of change and Islamic reform" centered around the [Muslim Brotherhood]. [Olivier Roy] argues that "Sunni pan-I... | Another major division within Islamism is between what Graham E. Fuller has described as the fundamentalist "guardians of the tradition" (Salafis, such as those in the Wahhabi movement) and the "vanguard of change and Islamic reform" centered around the Muslim Brotherhood. Olivier Roy argues that "Sunni pan-Islamism un... |
In the [Presidential elections], [President Kibaki] under the [Party of National Unity] ran for [re-election] against the main [opposition party], the [Orange Democratic Movement (ODM)]. The elections were seen to have been [flawed] with [international observers] saying that they were [below international standards]. A... | In the Presidential elections, President Kibaki under the Party of National Unity ran for re-election against the main opposition party, the Orange Democratic Movement (ODM). The elections were seen to have been flawed with international observers saying that they were below international standards. After a split which... |
[Homes] from the [early 20th century] line this [boulevard] in the heart of the historic [Alta Vista Tract]. The section of [Huntington Boulevard] between [First Street] on the west to [Cedar Avenue] on the east is the [home] to many [large], [stately homes]. The [original development] of this [area] began circa [1910]... | Homes from the early 20th century line this boulevard in the heart of the historic Alta Vista Tract. The section of Huntington Boulevard between First Street on the west to Cedar Avenue on the east is the home to many large, stately homes. The original development of this area began circa 1910, on 190 acres of what had... |
The earliest recorded incidents of [collective civil disobedience] took place during the [Roman Empire][citation needed]. [Unarmed Jews] gathered in the streets to prevent the installation of [pagan images] in the [Temple] in [Jerusalem][citation needed][original research?]. In modern times, some [activists] who commit... | The earliest recorded incidents of collective civil disobedience took place during the Roman Empirecitation needed. Unarmed Jews gathered in the streets to prevent the installation of pagan images in the Temple in Jerusalem.citation neededoriginal research? In modern times, some activists who commit civil disobedience ... |
In [July 1960], [NASA Deputy Administrator] [Hugh L. Dryden] announced the [Apollo program] to [industry representatives] at a series of [Space Task Group conferences]. [Preliminary specifications] were laid out for a [spacecraft] with a [mission module cabin] separate from the [command module] ([piloting] and [re-entr... | In July 1960, NASA Deputy Administrator Hugh L. Dryden announced the Apollo program to industry representatives at a series of Space Task Group conferences. Preliminary specifications were laid out for a spacecraft with a mission module cabin separate from the command module (piloting and re-entry cabin), and a propuls... |
A [teacher]'s [professional duties] may extend beyond [formal teaching]. [Outside] of the [classroom] teachers may [accompany students] on [field trips], [supervise study halls], [help with the organization] of [school functions], and [serve as supervisors] for [extracurricular activities]. In some [education systems],... | A teacher's professional duties may extend beyond formal teaching. Outside of the classroom teachers may accompany students on field trips, supervise study halls, help with the organization of school functions, and serve as supervisors for extracurricular activities. In some education systems, teachers may have respons... |
In [November 2006], the [Victorian Legislative Council elections] were held under a new [multi-member proportional representation system]. The [State of Victoria] was divided into [eight electorates] with each electorate represented by [five representatives] elected by [Single Transferable Vote]. The total number of [u... | In November 2006, the Victorian Legislative Council elections were held under a new multi-member proportional representation system. The State of Victoria was divided into eight electorates with each electorate represented by five representatives elected by Single Transferable Vote. The total number of upper house memb... |
The right to create [private schools] in [Germany] is in [Article 7], [Paragraph 4] of the [Grundgesetz] and cannot be [suspended] even in a [state of emergency]. It is also not possible to [abolish] these rights. This [unusual protection] of [private schools] was implemented to [protect] these schools from a second [G... | The right to create private schools in Germany is in Article 7, Paragraph 4 of the Grundgesetz and cannot be suspended even in a state of emergency. It is also not possible to abolish these rights. This unusual protection of private schools was implemented to protect these schools from a second Gleichschaltung or simil... |
Despite periodic repression, the [Brotherhood] has become one of the most influential movements in the [Islamic world], particularly in the [Arab world]. For many years it was described as "semi-legal" and was the only [opposition group] in [Egypt] able to [field candidates] during [elections]. In the [Egyptian parliam... | Despite periodic repression, the Brotherhood has become one of the most influential movements in the Islamic world, particularly in the Arab world. For many years it was described as "semi-legal" and was the only opposition group in Egypt able to field candidates during elections. In the Egyptian parliamentary election... |
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