README.md

metadata

license: mit
tags:
  - executorch
  - xnnpack
  - pte
  - on-device
  - feature-extraction
  - sentence-similarity
base_model:
  - BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5

bge-base-en-v1.5 — ExecuTorch

BGE's English workhorse. Text in, one 768-dimensional vector out, for search and retrieval that never leaves the device.

• Source: BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5 — 12 layers, 768 dimensions, 30,522 vocabulary
• License: mit
• Input: input_ids and attention_mask, both [1, 256] int64
• Output: [1, 768], CLS-pooled and L2-normalised inside the graph

The recipe is in the graph, and it was read off this repo

sentence-transformers stores it per model, and the shelf's seven embedding models do not agree. This one pools CLS and normalises, read from 1_Pooling/config.json and modules.json rather than inferred from the family name. Getting it wrong does not throw; it returns vectors that look fine and rank wrong.

Verification

build	file	size (MB)	Mac ms*	backend takes	worst cosine vs eager	retrieval budget
fp32	embed_bge_base_en_xnnpack_fp32.pte	435.7	33.3	78.8%	1.000000	0%
fp16	embed_bge_base_en_xnnpack_fp16.pte	218.0	53.7	67.8%	0.999999	1%
Core ML (fp16, iOS)	embed_bge_base_en_coreml_all.pte	218.6	6.0	100.0%	0.999997	8%

*Mac arm64, one 256-token sequence, fastest of five medians of ten — a reference point for relative cost, not a device number. The host shares its cores with other work, and a single median does not survive that: the same eager model here measured 19.6 ms and 182.8 ms twenty minutes apart. Contention only ever adds time, so the fastest repetition is the one that means something. Torch eager fp32, measured the same way, is 35.3 ms.

Cosine is measured against the model run in eager through its own pooling, over eight sentences. The last column is the one that decides: rank those eight against each other, and ask whether this build's score error is smaller than the gap between the document a query retrieves and the runner-up. Every shipped build keeps all eight top-1 results.

The attention is eager, and that is the faster export

F.scaled_dot_product_attention does not survive export as one operation. The edge dialect lowers it through _safe_softmax, whose guard against a row with no unmasked key at all leaves 11 operations XNNPACK cannot take, in every attention block — scalar_tensor, where, mul.Scalar, logical_not, eq, full_like, any.dim. Each one cuts the subgraph in two.

The switch is attn_implementation="eager": transformers then builds the mask itself, as torch.finfo(dtype).min, instead of handing F.sdpa a boolean mask for PyTorch to fill with -inf.

The guard is emitted whether or not it can ever fire, and here it cannot: it triggers only on -inf, and this arm never produces one. So the two differ only about rows that have no unmasked key at all — sdpa zeroes them, this one gives them a uniform row — and those are padding rows, which the pooling discards and which every real query row masks out anyway. Measured with all but eight positions masked, as adversarial as this shape gets, the two graphs agree to 1.4e-07.

XNNPACK fp32 goes from 62.8% to 78.8% delegated.

Not shipped: int8

embed_bge_base_en_xnnpack_int8.pte is 181.3 MB — smaller than fp16's 218.0 MB, because the token embedding table is only 94 MB of the 435.7 MB model (22%), leaving most of the weight in linears for int8 to shrink.

It is withheld on the number that decides. Ranking the eight test sentences against each other, this build moves a pair score by at most 0.0193 while the closest fp32 decision — the gap between the document a query retrieves and the runner-up — is 0.0125. That is 154% of the room available, against a bar of 50%.

Correlation reads 0.999366 for this build, which no correlation gate would stop.

torch.export -> to_edge_transform_and_lower(partitioner) -> .pte (conversion scripts: executorch-models)