| |
| |
|
|
| export type MineralType = |
| | 'Gold' |
| | 'Silver' |
| | 'Copper' |
| | 'Lithium' |
| | 'Cobalt' |
| | 'Rare Earths' |
| | 'Nickel' |
| | 'Platinum' |
| | 'Palladium' |
| | 'Iron Ore' |
| | 'Uranium' |
| | 'Aluminum' |
| | 'Zinc' |
| | 'Lead' |
| | 'Tin' |
| | 'Manganese' |
| | 'Chromium' |
| | 'Coal' |
| | 'Molybdenum'; |
|
|
| export type MineSiteStatus = 'producing' | 'development' | 'care-and-maintenance' | 'exploration' | 'closed'; |
|
|
| export interface MineSite { |
| id: string; |
| name: string; |
| lat: number; |
| lon: number; |
| mineral: MineralType; |
| country: string; |
| operator: string; |
| status: MineSiteStatus; |
| significance: string; |
| productionRank?: string; |
| productionCapacity?: string; |
| annualOutput?: string; |
| openPitOrUnderground?: 'open-pit' | 'underground' | 'in-situ' | 'both'; |
| } |
|
|
| export interface ProcessingPlant { |
| id: string; |
| name: string; |
| lat: number; |
| lon: number; |
| type: 'smelter' | 'refinery' | 'processing' | 'separation'; |
| mineral: MineralType; |
| country: string; |
| operator: string; |
| materials?: string[]; |
| status: 'operating' | 'planned' | 'idle'; |
| significance: string; |
| outputCapacity?: string; |
| capacityTpa?: number; |
| } |
|
|
| export interface CommodityPort { |
| id: string; |
| name: string; |
| lat: number; |
| lon: number; |
| country: string; |
| city: string; |
| commodities: MineralType[]; |
| annualThroughput?: string; |
| annualVolumeMt?: number; |
| significance: string; |
| } |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| export const MINING_SITES: MineSite[] = [ |
|
|
| |
| { |
| id: 'carlin-trend', |
| name: 'Carlin Trend', |
| lat: 40.73, |
| lon: -116.12, |
| mineral: 'Gold', |
| country: 'USA', |
| operator: 'Nevada Gold Mines (Barrick/Newmont JV)', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'Largest gold mining district in Western Hemisphere. ~3.5Moz/yr combined output.', |
| productionRank: 'Western Hemisphere #1', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'both', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'super-pit', |
| name: 'Super Pit (KCGM)', |
| lat: -30.784, |
| lon: 121.498, |
| mineral: 'Gold', |
| country: 'Australia', |
| operator: 'Northern Star Resources', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'One of Australia\'s largest open-pit gold mines. ~600koz/yr.', |
| productionRank: 'Australia #2', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'boddington', |
| name: 'Boddington', |
| lat: -32.795, |
| lon: 116.48, |
| mineral: 'Gold', |
| country: 'Australia', |
| operator: 'Newmont', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'Australia\'s largest gold mine. Also significant copper by-product.', |
| productionRank: 'Australia #1', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'mponeng', |
| name: 'Mponeng', |
| lat: -26.486, |
| lon: 27.445, |
| mineral: 'Gold', |
| country: 'South Africa', |
| operator: 'AngloGold Ashanti', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'World\'s deepest gold mine (4km). High-grade underground operation.', |
| productionRank: 'World deepest mine', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'underground', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'olimpiada', |
| name: 'Olimpiada', |
| lat: 59.03, |
| lon: 93.37, |
| mineral: 'Gold', |
| country: 'Russia', |
| operator: 'Polyus', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'Russia\'s largest gold mine, among world\'s top 5. Siberian deposit.', |
| productionRank: 'World top 5', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'lihir', |
| name: 'Lihir', |
| lat: -3.12, |
| lon: 152.65, |
| mineral: 'Gold', |
| country: 'Papua New Guinea', |
| operator: 'Newcrest/Newmont', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'Active volcanic island gold mine. ~950koz/yr.', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'obuasi', |
| name: 'Obuasi', |
| lat: 6.20, |
| lon: -1.67, |
| mineral: 'Gold', |
| country: 'Ghana', |
| operator: 'AngloGold Ashanti', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'High-grade West African gold mine. Historically one of Africa\'s largest producers.', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'underground', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'pueblo-viejo', |
| name: 'Pueblo Viejo', |
| lat: 19.33, |
| lon: -70.06, |
| mineral: 'Gold', |
| country: 'Dominican Republic', |
| operator: 'Barrick Gold / Newmont JV', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'Largest gold mine in the Caribbean. ~800koz/yr.', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'detour-lake', |
| name: 'Detour Lake', |
| lat: 50.05, |
| lon: -79.70, |
| mineral: 'Gold', |
| country: 'Canada', |
| operator: 'Agnico Eagle', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'Canada\'s largest open-pit gold mine by land area. ~700koz/yr.', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'cortez', |
| name: 'Cortez (Pipeline)', |
| lat: 40.26, |
| lon: -116.35, |
| mineral: 'Gold', |
| country: 'USA', |
| operator: 'Nevada Gold Mines (Barrick)', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'Major Tier One gold mine in Nevada. Part of Nevada Gold Mines complex.', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'both', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'donlin-gold', |
| name: 'Donlin Gold', |
| lat: 61.98, |
| lon: -158.08, |
| mineral: 'Gold', |
| country: 'USA', |
| operator: 'Barrick / NovaGold JV', |
| status: 'development', |
| significance: 'One of the world\'s largest undeveloped gold deposits. Remote Alaska site.', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', |
| }, |
|
|
| { |
| id: 'muruntau', |
| name: 'Muruntau', |
| lat: 41.56, |
| lon: 64.58, |
| mineral: 'Gold', |
| country: 'Uzbekistan', |
| operator: 'Navoi Mining & Metallurgy Combinat', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'World\'s largest open-pit gold mine by area. ~2.8Moz/yr. State-owned.', |
| productionRank: 'World #2 gold mine', |
| annualOutput: '2.8 Moz/yr', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'kibali', |
| name: 'Kibali', |
| lat: 3.07, |
| lon: 29.76, |
| mineral: 'Gold', |
| country: 'DRC', |
| operator: 'Barrick Gold / AngloGold Ashanti JV', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'Largest gold mine in DRC. ~800koz/yr. Underground and open-pit hybrid.', |
| annualOutput: '800 Koz/yr', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'both', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'sukhoi-log', |
| name: 'Sukhoi Log', |
| lat: 58.29, |
| lon: 115.22, |
| mineral: 'Gold', |
| country: 'Russia', |
| operator: 'Polyus (under development)', |
| status: 'development', |
| significance: 'One of the world\'s largest undeveloped gold deposits. Est. ~2.3Moz/yr at full capacity.', |
| annualOutput: '~2.3 Moz/yr (projected)', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'ahafo', |
| name: 'Ahafo', |
| lat: 7.06, |
| lon: -2.34, |
| mineral: 'Gold', |
| country: 'Ghana', |
| operator: 'Newmont', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'Major Newmont operation in Ghana\'s prolific Ashanti Belt. ~800koz/yr.', |
| annualOutput: '800 Koz/yr', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'loulo-gounkoto', |
| name: 'Loulo-Gounkoto', |
| lat: 14.85, |
| lon: -11.41, |
| mineral: 'Gold', |
| country: 'Mali', |
| operator: 'Barrick Gold', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'Key Barrick operation in West Africa. ~700koz/yr. Subject to Malian mining code pressure.', |
| annualOutput: '700 Koz/yr', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'underground', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'south-deep', |
| name: 'South Deep', |
| lat: -26.52, |
| lon: 27.54, |
| mineral: 'Gold', |
| country: 'South Africa', |
| operator: 'Gold Fields', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'One of the world\'s largest gold mines by reserves. Deep underground operation (~3km).', |
| annualOutput: '300 Koz/yr', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'underground', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'kumtor', |
| name: 'Kumtor', |
| lat: 41.81, |
| lon: 78.19, |
| mineral: 'Gold', |
| country: 'Kyrgyzstan', |
| operator: 'Centerra Gold (state-nationalized)', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'Largest gold mine in Central Asia. ~500koz/yr. Nationalized by Kyrgyzstan in 2022.', |
| annualOutput: '500 Koz/yr', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'yanacocha', |
| name: 'Yanacocha', |
| lat: -6.94, |
| lon: -78.56, |
| mineral: 'Gold', |
| country: 'Peru', |
| operator: 'Newmont / Buenaventura / IFC JV', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'Largest gold mine in South America. ~400koz/yr. Transitioning to Yanacocha Sulfides project.', |
| annualOutput: '400 Koz/yr', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'cerro-negro', |
| name: 'Cerro Negro', |
| lat: -46.75, |
| lon: -67.50, |
| mineral: 'Gold', |
| country: 'Argentina', |
| operator: 'Newmont', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'High-grade Patagonian gold mine. ~300koz/yr. One of the highest-grade operations globally.', |
| annualOutput: '300 Koz/yr', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'underground', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'tropicana', |
| name: 'Tropicana', |
| lat: -29.30, |
| lon: 124.80, |
| mineral: 'Gold', |
| country: 'Australia', |
| operator: 'AngloGold Ashanti / Regis Resources', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'Remote Western Australian gold mine in the Great Victoria Desert. ~500koz/yr.', |
| annualOutput: '500 Koz/yr', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| { |
| id: 'fresnillo-mine', |
| name: 'Fresnillo Mine', |
| lat: 23.17, |
| lon: -102.87, |
| mineral: 'Silver', |
| country: 'Mexico', |
| operator: 'Fresnillo plc', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'World\'s largest primary silver mine. >50Moz/yr silver output.', |
| productionRank: 'World #1 silver mine', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'underground', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'penasquito', |
| name: 'Peñasquito', |
| lat: 25.18, |
| lon: -101.81, |
| mineral: 'Silver', |
| country: 'Mexico', |
| operator: 'Newmont', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'Mexico\'s largest open-pit mine. World\'s largest silver producer by output. Gold/zinc/lead by-products.', |
| productionRank: 'World #2 silver mine', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'kghm-silver', |
| name: 'KGHM Copper/Silver Complex', |
| lat: 51.62, |
| lon: 16.24, |
| mineral: 'Silver', |
| country: 'Poland', |
| operator: 'KGHM Polska Miedź', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'Europe\'s largest copper and silver producer. World\'s second-largest silver producer.', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'underground', |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| { |
| id: 'escondida', |
| name: 'Escondida', |
| lat: -24.27, |
| lon: -69.07, |
| mineral: 'Copper', |
| country: 'Chile', |
| operator: 'BHP / Rio Tinto / JECO', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'World\'s largest copper mine. ~1.2Mt Cu/yr. Atacama Desert, Chile.', |
| productionRank: 'World #1 copper mine', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', |
| productionCapacity: '1.2Mt Cu/yr', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'chuquicamata', |
| name: 'Chuquicamata', |
| lat: -22.30, |
| lon: -68.93, |
| mineral: 'Copper', |
| country: 'Chile', |
| operator: 'Codelco', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'World\'s largest open-pit copper mine by volume. Transitioning to underground.', |
| productionRank: 'World largest open pit by volume', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'both', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'el-teniente', |
| name: 'El Teniente', |
| lat: -34.08, |
| lon: -70.36, |
| mineral: 'Copper', |
| country: 'Chile', |
| operator: 'Codelco', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'World\'s largest underground copper mine. ~430kt Cu/yr.', |
| productionRank: 'World #1 underground copper mine', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'underground', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'grasberg', |
| name: 'Grasberg', |
| lat: -4.05, |
| lon: 137.12, |
| mineral: 'Copper', |
| country: 'Indonesia', |
| operator: 'Freeport-McMoRan / Inalum', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'World\'s second-largest copper mine. Also world\'s largest gold mine by contained gold.', |
| productionRank: 'World #2 copper, #1 gold', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'underground', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'cerro-verde', |
| name: 'Cerro Verde', |
| lat: -16.52, |
| lon: -71.60, |
| mineral: 'Copper', |
| country: 'Peru', |
| operator: 'Freeport-McMoRan / Buenaventura / SMM', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'Major Peruvian copper producer. ~500kt Cu/yr.', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'antamina', |
| name: 'Antamina', |
| lat: -9.53, |
| lon: -77.04, |
| mineral: 'Copper', |
| country: 'Peru', |
| operator: 'BHP / Glencore / Teck / Mitsubishi', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'World-class copper-zinc mine in the Andes. ~460kt Cu/yr.', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'morenci', |
| name: 'Morenci', |
| lat: 33.08, |
| lon: -109.36, |
| mineral: 'Copper', |
| country: 'USA', |
| operator: 'Freeport-McMoRan', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'Largest copper mine in North America. ~500kt Cu/yr.', |
| productionRank: 'North America #1 copper mine', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'kamoa-kakula', |
| name: 'Kamoa-Kakula', |
| lat: -5.54, |
| lon: 25.96, |
| mineral: 'Copper', |
| country: 'DRC', |
| operator: 'Ivanhoe Mines / Zijin Mining', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'Highest-grade major copper mine discovered in 30 years. Fastest-growing producer.', |
| productionRank: 'World #3 copper mine (growing)', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'underground', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'oyu-tolgoi', |
| name: 'Oyu Tolgoi', |
| lat: 43.00, |
| lon: 107.00, |
| mineral: 'Copper', |
| country: 'Mongolia', |
| operator: 'Rio Tinto / Turquoise Hill', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'World\'s third-largest copper-gold deposit. Underground expansion ramping up.', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'both', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'lumwana', |
| name: 'Lumwana', |
| lat: -12.52, |
| lon: 25.36, |
| mineral: 'Copper', |
| country: 'Zambia', |
| operator: 'Barrick Gold', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'One of Africa\'s largest copper mines. ~140kt Cu/yr. Major Zambian producer.', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| { |
| id: 'greenbushes', |
| name: 'Greenbushes', |
| lat: -33.86, |
| lon: 116.01, |
| mineral: 'Lithium', |
| country: 'Australia', |
| operator: 'Talison Lithium (Albemarle / Tianqi)', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'World\'s largest hard-rock lithium mine. Highest-grade spodumene deposit.', |
| productionRank: 'World #1 hard-rock lithium', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', |
| productionCapacity: '~1.5Mt spodumene/yr', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'salar-atacama', |
| name: 'Salar de Atacama', |
| lat: -23.50, |
| lon: -68.33, |
| mineral: 'Lithium', |
| country: 'Chile', |
| operator: 'SQM / Albemarle', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'World\'s largest and lowest-cost lithium brine source. ~150kt LCE/yr.', |
| productionRank: 'World #1 lithium brine', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'in-situ', |
| productionCapacity: '150kt LCE/yr', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'pilgangoora', |
| name: 'Pilgangoora', |
| lat: -21.03, |
| lon: 118.91, |
| mineral: 'Lithium', |
| country: 'Australia', |
| operator: 'Pilbara Minerals', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'Major hard-rock lithium mine. World\'s largest spodumene project after Greenbushes.', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'olaroz', |
| name: 'Olaroz', |
| lat: -23.47, |
| lon: -66.81, |
| mineral: 'Lithium', |
| country: 'Argentina', |
| operator: 'Allkem / Toyota Tsusho', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'Key Argentina lithium brine operation. Part of the Lithium Triangle.', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'in-situ', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'cauchari-olaroz', |
| name: 'Cauchari-Olaroz', |
| lat: -23.82, |
| lon: -66.89, |
| mineral: 'Lithium', |
| country: 'Argentina', |
| operator: 'Lithium Americas / Ganfeng', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'One of Argentina\'s largest lithium brine projects. Recently commenced production.', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'in-situ', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'silver-peak', |
| name: 'Silver Peak', |
| lat: 37.75, |
| lon: -117.65, |
| mineral: 'Lithium', |
| country: 'USA', |
| operator: 'Albemarle', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'Only active US lithium mine. Nevada brine operation since 1966.', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'in-situ', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'thacker-pass', |
| name: 'Thacker Pass', |
| lat: 41.85, |
| lon: -118.15, |
| mineral: 'Lithium', |
| country: 'USA', |
| operator: 'Lithium Americas', |
| status: 'development', |
| significance: 'Largest known lithium deposit in the US. Under development in Nevada.', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'manono', |
| name: 'Manono', |
| lat: -7.30, |
| lon: 27.41, |
| mineral: 'Lithium', |
| country: 'DRC', |
| operator: 'AVZ Minerals', |
| status: 'development', |
| significance: 'World\'s largest hard-rock lithium deposit. DRC asset under development.', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| { |
| id: 'mutanda', |
| name: 'Mutanda', |
| lat: -10.78, |
| lon: 25.80, |
| mineral: 'Cobalt', |
| country: 'DRC', |
| operator: 'Glencore', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'World\'s largest cobalt mine. ~25kt Co/yr when at full capacity.', |
| productionRank: 'World #1 cobalt mine', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'tenke-fungurume', |
| name: 'Tenke Fungurume', |
| lat: -10.61, |
| lon: 26.16, |
| mineral: 'Cobalt', |
| country: 'DRC', |
| operator: 'CMOC', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'Major cobalt-copper producer. Chinese-owned. ~17kt Co/yr.', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'kamoto', |
| name: 'Kamoto (KOV)', |
| lat: -10.87, |
| lon: 25.55, |
| mineral: 'Cobalt', |
| country: 'DRC', |
| operator: 'Glencore / Katanga Mining', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'Major DRC cobalt-copper underground mine.', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'underground', |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| { |
| id: 'bayan-obo', |
| name: 'Bayan Obo', |
| lat: 41.76, |
| lon: 109.95, |
| mineral: 'Rare Earths', |
| country: 'China', |
| operator: 'China Northern Rare Earth Group', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'World\'s largest rare earth mine. ~45% of global REE production from this single site.', |
| productionRank: 'World #1 REE mine', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'mountain-pass', |
| name: 'Mountain Pass', |
| lat: 35.47, |
| lon: -115.53, |
| mineral: 'Rare Earths', |
| country: 'USA', |
| operator: 'MP Materials', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'Only significant rare earth mine and processor in the US. Strategic national asset.', |
| productionRank: 'US #1 REE mine', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'mount-weld', |
| name: 'Mount Weld', |
| lat: -28.86, |
| lon: 122.17, |
| mineral: 'Rare Earths', |
| country: 'Australia', |
| operator: 'Lynas Rare Earths', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'Highest-grade rare earth deposit outside China. Key non-Chinese REE source.', |
| productionRank: 'World #2 REE mine', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'southern-ion-adsorption', |
| name: 'Southern China REE', |
| lat: 25.85, |
| lon: 114.93, |
| mineral: 'Rare Earths', |
| country: 'China', |
| operator: 'Multiple Chinese operators', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'Jiangxi/Guangdong ion-adsorption clay deposits. Key source of heavy rare earths (dysprosium, terbium) critical for EV motors.', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'kvanefjeld', |
| name: 'Kvanefjeld', |
| lat: 60.96, |
| lon: -47.00, |
| mineral: 'Rare Earths', |
| country: 'Greenland', |
| operator: 'Energy Transition Minerals', |
| status: 'exploration', |
| significance: 'World-class REE + uranium deposit in Greenland. Subject to Greenland political debate.', |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| { |
| id: 'weda-bay', |
| name: 'Weda Bay / Halmahera', |
| lat: 0.47, |
| lon: 127.94, |
| mineral: 'Nickel', |
| country: 'Indonesia', |
| operator: 'Tsingshan / Eramet', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'Largest nickel pig iron (NPI) production hub. Core of Indonesia\'s nickel dominance.', |
| productionRank: 'Indonesia nickel #1 region', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'morowali', |
| name: 'Morowali Industrial Park', |
| lat: -2.10, |
| lon: 121.90, |
| mineral: 'Nickel', |
| country: 'Indonesia', |
| operator: 'Tsingshan Group (various)', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'Largest integrated nickel production hub globally. Drives ~50% of world\'s battery-grade nickel.', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'norilsk-mine', |
| name: 'Norilsk Complex', |
| lat: 69.33, |
| lon: 88.21, |
| mineral: 'Nickel', |
| country: 'Russia', |
| operator: 'Nornickel', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'World\'s largest palladium mine and top nickel producer. Arctic Siberian site.', |
| productionRank: 'World #1 palladium, #2 nickel', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'underground', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'voiseys-bay', |
| name: 'Voisey\'s Bay', |
| lat: 56.37, |
| lon: -62.08, |
| mineral: 'Nickel', |
| country: 'Canada', |
| operator: 'Vale', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'High-grade nickel-cobalt-copper mine in Labrador. Strategic Canadian deposit.', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'underground', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'goro', |
| name: 'Goro (Vale Nouvelle-Calédonie)', |
| lat: -22.27, |
| lon: 167.00, |
| mineral: 'Nickel', |
| country: 'New Caledonia', |
| operator: 'Prony Resources', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'Major laterite nickel operation. Battery-grade nickel and cobalt production.', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'taganito', |
| name: 'Taganito', |
| lat: 9.15, |
| lon: 125.77, |
| mineral: 'Nickel', |
| country: 'Philippines', |
| operator: 'Sumitomo / DMCI', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'Key Philippine nickel laterite mine. Major Japanese nickel supply source.', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| { |
| id: 'mogalakwena', |
| name: 'Mogalakwena', |
| lat: -24.05, |
| lon: 28.76, |
| mineral: 'Platinum', |
| country: 'South Africa', |
| operator: 'Anglo American Platinum', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'World\'s largest open-pit platinum mine. Bushveld Igneous Complex.', |
| productionRank: 'World #1 open-pit PGM mine', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'marikana', |
| name: 'Marikana / Rustenburg', |
| lat: -25.68, |
| lon: 27.38, |
| mineral: 'Platinum', |
| country: 'South Africa', |
| operator: 'Sibanye-Stillwater', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'Major Bushveld Complex platinum operations. Historically significant labor site.', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'underground', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'zimplats', |
| name: 'Zimplats', |
| lat: -18.12, |
| lon: 30.45, |
| mineral: 'Platinum', |
| country: 'Zimbabwe', |
| operator: 'Impala Platinum', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'Zimbabwe\'s largest mining company. World\'s third-largest PGM producer.', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'both', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'stillwater', |
| name: 'Stillwater', |
| lat: 45.37, |
| lon: -109.93, |
| mineral: 'Palladium', |
| country: 'USA', |
| operator: 'Sibanye-Stillwater', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'Only significant PGM mine in North America. Primary US palladium source.', |
| productionRank: 'North America #1 PGM', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'underground', |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| { |
| id: 'pilbara', |
| name: 'Pilbara Iron Ore (BHP)', |
| lat: -22.50, |
| lon: 119.00, |
| mineral: 'Iron Ore', |
| country: 'Australia', |
| operator: 'BHP', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'BHP\'s Pilbara hub — world\'s most productive iron ore mining region. ~280Mt/yr.', |
| productionRank: 'BHP Pilbara iron ore hub', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'pilbara-rio', |
| name: 'Pilbara Iron Ore (Rio Tinto)', |
| lat: -22.70, |
| lon: 118.60, |
| mineral: 'Iron Ore', |
| country: 'Australia', |
| operator: 'Rio Tinto', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'Rio Tinto\'s Pilbara operations — 16 mines feeding 4 port facilities. ~330Mt/yr.', |
| productionRank: 'World #1 iron ore producer (Rio)', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'carajas', |
| name: 'Carajás', |
| lat: -5.83, |
| lon: -50.61, |
| mineral: 'Iron Ore', |
| country: 'Brazil', |
| operator: 'Vale', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'World\'s largest iron ore mine by proven reserves. Highest grade iron ore (~67% Fe).', |
| productionRank: 'World #1 iron ore reserve', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', |
| productionCapacity: '~180Mt/yr', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'sishen', |
| name: 'Sishen', |
| lat: -27.79, |
| lon: 22.98, |
| mineral: 'Iron Ore', |
| country: 'South Africa', |
| operator: 'Kumba Iron Ore (Anglo American)', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'Africa\'s largest iron ore mine. Major export source for European and Asian steel mills.', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'kiruna', |
| name: 'Kiruna', |
| lat: 67.85, |
| lon: 20.32, |
| mineral: 'Iron Ore', |
| country: 'Sweden', |
| operator: 'LKAB', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'Europe\'s largest iron ore mine. Undergoing city relocation due to mine expansion.', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'underground', |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| { |
| id: 'mcarthur-river', |
| name: 'McArthur River', |
| lat: 57.76, |
| lon: -105.03, |
| mineral: 'Uranium', |
| country: 'Canada', |
| operator: 'Cameco', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'World\'s highest-grade uranium mine. 25x average uranium ore grade. Saskatchewan, Canada.', |
| productionRank: 'World #1 by grade', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'underground', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'cigar-lake', |
| name: 'Cigar Lake', |
| lat: 57.67, |
| lon: -105.61, |
| mineral: 'Uranium', |
| country: 'Canada', |
| operator: 'Cameco / Orano', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'World\'s largest high-grade uranium deposit currently in production.', |
| productionRank: 'World #1 by production volume (high-grade)', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'underground', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'kazakh-isu', |
| name: 'Kazakhstan ISL Fields', |
| lat: 43.60, |
| lon: 65.40, |
| mineral: 'Uranium', |
| country: 'Kazakhstan', |
| operator: 'Kazatomprom', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'Cluster of in-situ leaching uranium operations. Kazakhstan produces ~40% of world supply.', |
| productionRank: 'World #1 uranium producer country', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'in-situ', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'olympic-dam', |
| name: 'Olympic Dam', |
| lat: -30.44, |
| lon: 136.89, |
| mineral: 'Uranium', |
| country: 'Australia', |
| operator: 'BHP', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'World\'s largest known uranium ore body. Also produces copper, gold, silver.', |
| productionRank: 'World #1 uranium ore body', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'underground', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'rossing', |
| name: 'Rössing', |
| lat: -22.45, |
| lon: 14.99, |
| mineral: 'Uranium', |
| country: 'Namibia', |
| operator: 'China National Uranium Corp', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'One of the world\'s largest open-pit uranium mines. Chinese-owned since 2019.', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'husab', |
| name: 'Husab', |
| lat: -22.46, |
| lon: 15.18, |
| mineral: 'Uranium', |
| country: 'Namibia', |
| operator: 'China General Nuclear Power', |
| status: 'producing', |
| significance: 'Second-largest uranium mine globally by production. 100% Chinese-owned.', |
| productionRank: 'World #2 uranium mine', |
| openPitOrUnderground: 'open-pit', |
| }, |
| ]; |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| export const PROCESSING_PLANTS: ProcessingPlant[] = [ |
| |
| { |
| id: 'baotou-ree', |
| name: 'Baotou REE Processing Complex', |
| lat: 40.66, |
| lon: 109.84, |
| type: 'separation', |
| mineral: 'Rare Earths', |
| country: 'China', |
| operator: 'China Northern Rare Earth Group', |
| status: 'operating', |
| significance: 'World\'s largest rare earth processing hub. Processes ore from Bayan Obo.', |
| outputCapacity: '~70% of global REE separation', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'lynas-lamp', |
| name: 'Lynas Advanced Materials Plant (LAMP)', |
| lat: 4.26, |
| lon: 103.35, |
| type: 'separation', |
| mineral: 'Rare Earths', |
| country: 'Malaysia', |
| operator: 'Lynas Rare Earths', |
| status: 'operating', |
| significance: 'Largest rare earth processing facility outside China. Processes Mt Weld ore.', |
| outputCapacity: '~10kt NdPr oxide/yr', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'mp-processing', |
| name: 'Mountain Pass Processing', |
| lat: 35.47, |
| lon: -115.53, |
| type: 'processing', |
| mineral: 'Rare Earths', |
| country: 'USA', |
| operator: 'MP Materials', |
| status: 'operating', |
| significance: 'US rare earth concentrate processing. Building downstream magnet manufacturing.', |
| }, |
| |
| { |
| id: 'ganzhou-lithium', |
| name: 'Ganzhou Lithium Hub', |
| lat: 25.85, |
| lon: 114.93, |
| type: 'refinery', |
| mineral: 'Lithium', |
| country: 'China', |
| operator: 'Ganfeng / multiple Chinese processors', |
| status: 'operating', |
| significance: 'China\'s major lithium chemical refining hub. Processes spodumene into battery-grade lithium.', |
| outputCapacity: '~200kt LCE/yr', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'kwinana-lithium', |
| name: 'Kwinana Lithium Refinery', |
| lat: -32.24, |
| lon: 115.77, |
| type: 'refinery', |
| mineral: 'Lithium', |
| country: 'Australia', |
| operator: 'Tianqi Lithium', |
| status: 'operating', |
| significance: 'First lithium hydroxide refinery in Australia. Processes Greenbushes concentrate.', |
| outputCapacity: '24kt LiOH/yr', |
| }, |
| |
| { |
| id: 'chagres-smelter', |
| name: 'Chagres Copper Smelter', |
| lat: -32.49, |
| lon: -70.78, |
| type: 'smelter', |
| mineral: 'Copper', |
| country: 'Chile', |
| operator: 'Anglo American', |
| status: 'operating', |
| significance: 'Major Chilean copper smelter. Part of integrated Andean copper production chain.', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'nkana-smelter', |
| name: 'Nkana Copper Smelter', |
| lat: -12.82, |
| lon: 28.22, |
| type: 'smelter', |
| mineral: 'Copper', |
| country: 'Zambia', |
| operator: 'Glencore / Mopani Copper', |
| status: 'operating', |
| significance: 'Key Zambian copper smelter and refinery on the Copperbelt.', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'aurubis-hamburg', |
| name: 'Aurubis Hamburg', |
| lat: 53.53, |
| lon: 10.03, |
| type: 'refinery', |
| mineral: 'Copper', |
| country: 'Germany', |
| operator: 'Aurubis', |
| status: 'operating', |
| significance: 'Europe\'s largest copper smelter. Major recycled copper processor.', |
| outputCapacity: '~1Mt refined copper/yr', |
| }, |
| |
| { |
| id: 'rand-refinery', |
| name: 'Rand Refinery', |
| lat: -26.16, |
| lon: 28.16, |
| type: 'refinery', |
| mineral: 'Gold', |
| country: 'South Africa', |
| operator: 'Rand Refinery (Consortium)', |
| status: 'operating', |
| significance: 'World\'s largest gold refinery by cumulative output. Processes most of SA gold production.', |
| outputCapacity: '~700t gold/yr', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'pamp-refinery', |
| name: 'PAMP Refinery', |
| lat: 46.11, |
| lon: 8.92, |
| type: 'refinery', |
| mineral: 'Gold', |
| country: 'Switzerland', |
| operator: 'MKS PAMP', |
| status: 'operating', |
| significance: 'Switzerland\'s leading precious metals refinery. Produces LBMA-accredited gold bars.', |
| }, |
| |
| { |
| id: 'norilsk-smelter', |
| name: 'Norilsk Nickel Smelter', |
| lat: 69.33, |
| lon: 88.20, |
| type: 'smelter', |
| mineral: 'Nickel', |
| country: 'Russia', |
| operator: 'Nornickel', |
| status: 'operating', |
| significance: 'World\'s largest nickel and palladium smelter. Also major SO2 emitter (Arctic pollution concern).', |
| outputCapacity: '~250kt Ni/yr, ~90t Pd/yr', |
| }, |
| ]; |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| export const COMMODITY_PORTS: CommodityPort[] = [ |
| { |
| id: 'port-hedland', |
| name: 'Port Hedland', |
| lat: -20.31, |
| lon: 118.58, |
| country: 'Australia', |
| city: 'Port Hedland', |
| commodities: ['Iron Ore'], |
| annualThroughput: '~580Mt/yr iron ore', |
| significance: 'World\'s largest bulk export port. Handles ~18% of global seaborne iron ore trade.', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'dampier-port', |
| name: 'Dampier (Rio Tinto)', |
| lat: -20.66, |
| lon: 116.72, |
| country: 'Australia', |
| city: 'Dampier', |
| commodities: ['Iron Ore'], |
| annualThroughput: '~200Mt/yr iron ore', |
| significance: 'Rio Tinto\'s primary iron ore export terminal. Part of Pilbara port network.', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'punta-patache', |
| name: 'Coloso Port / Antofagasta', |
| lat: -23.65, |
| lon: -70.41, |
| country: 'Chile', |
| city: 'Antofagasta', |
| commodities: ['Copper'], |
| annualThroughput: '~1.2Mt Cu/yr', |
| significance: 'Chile\'s primary copper export port. Gateway for Escondida and northern Atacama mines.', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'santos-brazil', |
| name: 'Port of Santos', |
| lat: -23.96, |
| lon: -46.33, |
| country: 'Brazil', |
| city: 'Santos', |
| commodities: ['Iron Ore'], |
| annualThroughput: '~130Mt/yr iron ore', |
| significance: 'Brazil\'s largest port. Key iron ore and agricultural export terminal.', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'richards-bay', |
| name: 'Richards Bay Coal Terminal', |
| lat: -28.80, |
| lon: 32.07, |
| country: 'South Africa', |
| city: 'Richards Bay', |
| commodities: ['Coal'], |
| annualThroughput: '~70Mt/yr coal', |
| significance: 'Africa\'s largest dry bulk export terminal. Primary South African coal export point.', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'mombasa-port', |
| name: 'Port of Mombasa', |
| lat: -4.04, |
| lon: 39.67, |
| country: 'Kenya', |
| city: 'Mombasa', |
| commodities: ['Cobalt', 'Copper'], |
| annualThroughput: '~35Mt/yr general cargo', |
| significance: 'Primary export gateway for DRC and Zambia cobalt and copper.', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'walvis-bay', |
| name: 'Walvis Bay', |
| lat: -22.96, |
| lon: 14.50, |
| country: 'Namibia', |
| city: 'Walvis Bay', |
| commodities: ['Uranium'], |
| annualThroughput: 'Major Namibian uranium export point', |
| significance: 'Primary export port for Namibian uranium from Rössing and Husab mines.', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'tema-ghana', |
| name: 'Tema Port', |
| lat: 5.64, |
| lon: -0.01, |
| country: 'Ghana', |
| city: 'Tema', |
| commodities: ['Gold'], |
| annualThroughput: '~130t gold/yr', |
| significance: 'Primary gold export gateway for Ghana, one of Africa\'s largest gold producers.', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'callao-peru', |
| name: 'Port of Callao', |
| lat: -12.05, |
| lon: -77.15, |
| country: 'Peru', |
| city: 'Callao', |
| commodities: ['Copper', 'Gold', 'Zinc', 'Silver'], |
| annualThroughput: '~3Mt metals/yr', |
| significance: 'Peru\'s main port. Primary export point for Andean copper, zinc, and silver production.', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'tianjin-port', |
| name: 'Port of Tianjin', |
| lat: 38.99, |
| lon: 117.72, |
| country: 'China', |
| city: 'Tianjin', |
| commodities: ['Iron Ore', 'Copper', 'Aluminum'], |
| annualThroughput: '~600Mt/yr total', |
| significance: 'China\'s largest commodity import port. Primary iron ore, copper concentrate, and LME metals gateway.', |
| }, |
| { |
| id: 'lme-warehouse-antwerp', |
| name: 'LME Antwerp Warehouse Hub', |
| lat: 51.23, |
| lon: 4.41, |
| country: 'Belgium', |
| city: 'Antwerp', |
| commodities: ['Copper', 'Aluminum', 'Zinc', 'Nickel'], |
| significance: 'Major LME-licensed metals warehouse network in Europe. Zinc and copper storage hub.', |
| }, |
| ]; |
|
|