Paper I: RDBMS (SQL Programming with Oracle)
Unit I: Overview of Database Management
- Data, Information, and Knowledge
- Data Processing vs. Data Management
- File-Oriented vs. Database-Oriented Approach
- Data Independence
- Database Administration Roles
- DBMS Architecture
- DBMS Users
- Data Dictionary
- Database Languages
- Data Models (Network, Hierarchical, Relational)
- Distributed Databases
- Client/Server Databases
- Object-Oriented and Object-Relational Databases
- ODBC Concept
Unit II: Relational Model & Relational Algebra
- Entity-Relationship (ER) Model
- ER Diagrams
- Keys
- ER Modeling Case Studies
- Generalization, Specialization, Aggregation
- Converting ER Model to Relational Schema
- Extended ER Features
- Introduction to UML and Class Diagrams
- Relational Algebra Operations (Select, Project, Join, Set Operations)
- Tuple and Domain Relational Calculus
- Queries using Relational Algebra
Unit III: SQL
- SQL Constructs (SELECT, FROM, WHERE, GROUP BY, HAVING, ORDER BY)
- Data Manipulation Language (DML) commands: INSERT, DELETE, UPDATE
- Data Definition Language (DDL) commands: CREATE, DROP, ALTER
- Views
- Temporary Tables
- Nested and Correlated Nested Queries
- Integrity Constraints (Not Null, Unique, Check, Primary Key, Foreign Key, References)
- Triggers
Unit IV: PL/SQL
- Introduction to PL/SQL
- Advantages of PL/SQL
- Variables, Literals, Data Types
- Control Statements (IF, LOOP, WHILE, FOR, GOTO, EXIT WHEN)
- Cursors (Implicit, Explicit, Parameterized)
- Cursor Attributes
- Exception Handling
Unit V: Relational Database Design
- Normalization (1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF)
- Decomposition
- Multi-Valued Dependencies (4NF, 5NF)
- Physical Design Issues
- Denormalization
- Indexing (Clustering Indexes)
- Data Organization (Fixed Length and Variable Length Records)
- File Organization and Indexing Techniques (B-tree, B+-tree, Hashing)
Paper II: Advanced Computer Networks
Unit I: Introduction to Computer Networking & Reference Models
- Concept of Networking
- Data Communication
- Network Elements
- Standards Organizations
- Line Configurations and Topologies
- Transmission Modes
- Network Categories (LAN, MAN, WAN)
- Benefits of Computer Networks
- Layered Architecture (OSI and TCP/IP)
- Design Issues for Layers
- Interfaces and Services
- Functions of Layers
- Comparison of OSI and TCP/IP models
Unit II: Transmission of Digital Data & Multiplexing/Switching
- Shannon's and Nyquist Theorems
- Transmission Media (Coaxial, UTP, Fiber Optic, Wireless)
- Analog and Digital Data Transmission (Parallel and Serial)
- DTE-DCE Interface (RS-232C)
- Modems (56k and Cable Modem)
- Modem Standards
- Multiplexing (FDM, TDM, WDM)
- Switching (Circuit Switching, Message Switching, Packet Switching)
Unit III: Data Link Layer & Routing Algorithms
- Line Discipline
- Flow Control (Stop-and-Wait, Sliding Window, Go-Back-N)
- Error Control (ARQ)
- HDLC, SLIP, PPP
- Multiple Access Protocols (ALOHA, Slotted ALOHA, CSMA/CD)
- IEEE Standards for LANs and MANs
- IP Protocol and Header
- IP Address Classes and Subnetting
- ICMP, ARP, RARP, RSVP, CIDR, IPv6
- Routing Algorithms (Shortest Path First, Distance Vector, Link State)
- Congestion Control (Leaky Bucket, Token Bucket)
Unit IV: Transport Layer & Network Performance
- Client-Server Model and Socket Addressing
- TCP Handshaking
- TCP Header
- Network Performance Issues
- Domain Name System (DNS) and Resource Records
- Email (RFC-822 and MIME)
- World Wide Web (Server-Side and Client-Side)
Unit V: Networking Technologies & Network Security
- X.25, Frame Relay, ATM, SONET, SMDS, ISDN
- Importance of Network Security
- Traditional Cryptography
- Data Encryption Standards
- RSA Algorithm
Paper III: Python Programming
Unit I: Introduction to Python
- Structure of a Python Program
- Elements of Python
- Python Interpreter
- Installation and Environment Setup
- Basic Syntax, Interactive Shell, Scripting
- Data Types, Variables, Assignments
- Immutable Variables
- Numerical Types and Operators (Arithmetic, Relational, Logical, Assignment, Ternary, Bitwise, Increment/Decrement)
- Expressions and Comments
Unit II: Creating Python Programs
- Input and Output Statements
- Control Statements (Branching, Looping)
- if, elif, else
- for, while
- break, continue, pass
- Functions
- Defining and Calling Functions
- Function Arguments
- Anonymous Functions (lambda)
- Global and Local Variables
- Recursion
- Strings and Text Files
- Manipulating Files and Directories (os, sys modules)
- Reading and Writing Text and Numbers from/to Files
- Creating and Deleting Formatted Files (CSV, Tab-separated)
Unit III: Lists, Tuples, and Dictionaries
- Lists
- Basic List Operators
- Replacing, Inserting, and Removing Elements
- Searching and Sorting
- Tuples
- Accessing Tuples
- Tuple Operations and Functions
- Dictionaries
- Dictionary Literals
- Adding and Removing Keys
- Accessing and Replacing Values
- Traversing Dictionaries
- Packages and Modules
- Introduction to Packages
- Importing from Packages (import, from)
- JSON
- Exception Handling (try, except, else, finally, raise)
Unit IV: Pandas and Data Science
- Introduction to Pandas and Installation
- DataFrames and Series
- Creating DataFrames (from Excel, CSV, Dictionaries, Lists of Tuples)
- Operations on DataFrames (slicing, indexing, etc.)
- Data Visualization using Matplotlib
- Bar Graphs, Histograms, Pie Charts, Line Graphs
Unit V: NumPy and GUI Programming
- Introduction to NumPy
- Creating NumPy Arrays
- Indexing and Slicing in NumPy
- GUI Programming with Tkinter
- Introduction to Tkinter
- Advantages of GUI
- Layout Management
- Events and Binding
- Canvas Drawing (lines, ovals, rectangles)
- Tkinter Widgets (Frame, Label, Button, Checkbutton, Entry, Listbox, Radiobutton, Text, Spinbox)
Paper IV: Principles of Compiler Design
Unit I: Introduction to Compilers and Language Grammars
- Overview of Compilers
- Compiler Structure and Implementation
- Programming Language Grammars
- Introduction to Language Grammars
- Derivations and Reductions
- Syntax Trees
- Ambiguity in Grammars
- Regular Grammars and Expressions
Unit II: Scanning and Parsing Techniques
- The Scanner
- Lexical Analysis
- Regular Expressions and Finite Automata
- The Parser
- Syntax Analysis
- Parsing Techniques (e.g., top-down, bottom-up)
- Translation
- Elementary Symbol Table Organization and Structure
Unit III: Memory Allocation
- Static and Dynamic Memory Allocation
- Array Allocation and Access
- String Allocation
- Structure Allocation
- Common and Equivalence Allocation
- Introduction to Compilation of Expressions
Unit IV: Compilation of Control Structures and I/O Statements
- Control Transfers
- Procedural Calls
- Conditional Execution
- Iteration Control Constructs
- Error Detection, Indication, and Recovery
- Compilation of I/O Lists
- Compilation of FORMAT Lists
- I/O Subroutines (e.g., IOSUB)
- File Control
Unit V: Code Optimization and Compiler Writing
- Major Issues in Code Optimization
- Optimizing Transformations
- Local Optimizations
- Program Flow Analysis
- Global Optimization
- Techniques for Writing Compilers
Paper V: Numerical Analysis
Unit I: Solution of Polynomial and Transcendental Algebraic Equations
- Bisection Method
- Regula Falsi Method
- Newton-Raphson Method
- Solution of Cubic and Biquadratic Equations
- Finding Complex Roots of Polynomial Equations
Unit II: Simultaneous Equations and Matrix Operations
- Gauss-Jordan Method
- Cholesky's Method
- Reduction to Lower or Upper Triangular Forms
- Matrix Inversion
- Method of Partitioning
- Characteristic Equation of a Matrix
- Power Method for Eigenvalues
- Transformation to Diagonal Forms
Unit III: Curve Fitting from Observed Data
- Divided Difference Table (Evenly and Unevenly Spaced Data)
- Polynomial Curve Fitting
- Newton's Interpolation Formula
- Gauss Interpolation Formula
- Lagrange's Interpolation Formula
- Method of Least Squares for Polynomials
Unit IV: Numerical Differentiation and Integration
- Forward and Backward Difference Operators
- Newton-Cotes Integration Formulas
- Trapezoidal Rule
- Simpson's Rule
- Boole's Rule
- Weddle's Rule
- Legendre's Rule
- Method of Weighted Coefficients
Unit V: Solution of Differential Equations
- Numerical Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations
- One-Step Methods
- Taylor's Series Method
- Predictor-Corrector Methods
- Euler's Method
- Runge-Kutta Methods
- Milne's Method