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+ ---
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+ language:
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+ - en
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+ library_name: lerobot
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+ pipeline_tag: robotics
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+ tags:
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+ - vision-language-action
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+ - imitation-learning
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+ - lerobot
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+ inference: false
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+ ---
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+
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+ # SmolVLA (LeRobot)
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+
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+ SmolVLA is a compact, efficient Vision-Language-Action (VLA) model designed for affordable robotics, trainable on a single GPU and deployable on consumer hardware, while matching the performance of much larger VLAs through community-driven data.
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+
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+ **Original paper:** (SmolVLA: A Vision-Language-Action Model for Affordable and Efficient Robotics)[https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.01844]
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+ **Reference implementation:** https://github.com/huggingface/lerobot
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+
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+
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+ ## Model description
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+
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+ - **Inputs:** images (multi-view), proprio/state, optional language instruction
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+ - **Outputs:** continuous actions
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+ - **Training objective:** flow matching
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+ - **Action representation:** continuous
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+ - **Intended use:** Base model to fine tune on your specific use case
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+
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+
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+ ## Quick start (inference on a real batch)
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+
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+ ### Installation
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+
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+ ```bash
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+ pip install "lerobot[smolvla]"
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+ ```
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+ For full installation details (including optional video dependencies such as ffmpeg for torchcodec), see the official documentation: https://huggingface.co/docs/lerobot/installation
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+
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+ ### Load model + dataset, run `select_action`
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+
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+ ```python
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+ import torch
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+ from lerobot.datasets.lerobot_dataset import LeRobotDataset
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+ from lerobot.policies.factory import make_pre_post_processors
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+
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+ # Swap this import per-policy
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+ from lerobot.policies.smolvla.modeling_smolvla import SmolVLAPolicy
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+
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+ # load a policy
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+ model_id = "lerobot/smolvla_base" # <- swap checkpoint
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+ device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
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+
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+ policy = SmolVLAPolicy.from_pretrained(model_id).to(device).eval()
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+
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+ preprocess, postprocess = make_pre_post_processors(
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+ policy.config,
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+ model_id,
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+ preprocessor_overrides={"device_processor": {"device": str(device)}},
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+ )
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+ # load a lerobotdataset
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+ dataset = LeRobotDataset("lerobot/libero")
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+
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+ # pick an episode
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+ episode_index = 0
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+
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+ # each episode corresponds to a contiguous range of frame indices
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+ from_idx = dataset.meta.episodes["dataset_from_index"][episode_index]
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+ to_idx = dataset.meta.episodes["dataset_to_index"][episode_index]
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+
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+ # get a single frame from that episode (e.g. the first frame)
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+ frame_index = from_idx
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+ frame = dict(dataset[frame_index])
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+
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+ batch = preprocess(frame)
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+ with torch.inference_mode():
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+ pred_action = policy.select_action(frame)
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+ # use your policy postprocess, this post process the action
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+ # for instance unnormalize the actions, detokenize it etc..
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+ pred_action = postprocess(pred_action)
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+ ```
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+
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+
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+ ## Training step (loss + backward)
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+
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+ If you’re training / fine-tuning, you typically call `forward(...)` to get a loss and then:
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+
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+ ```python
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+ policy.train()
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+ batch = dict(dataset[0])
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+ batch = preprocess(batch)
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+
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+ loss, outputs = policy.forward(batch)
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+ loss.backward()
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+
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+ ```
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+
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+ > Notes:
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+ >
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+ > - Some policies expose `policy(**batch)` or return a dict; keep this snippet aligned with the policy API.
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+ > - Use your trainer script (`lerobot-train`) for full training loops.
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+
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+
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+ ## How to train / fine-tune
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+
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+ ```bash
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+ lerobot-train \
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+ --dataset.repo_id=${HF_USER}/<dataset> \
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+ --output_dir=./outputs/[RUN_NAME] \
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+ --job_name=[RUN_NAME] \
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+ --policy.repo_id=${HF_USER}/<desired_policy_repo_id> \
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+ --policy.path=lerobot/[BASE_CHECKPOINT] \
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+ --policy.dtype=bfloat16 \
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+ --policy.device=cuda \
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+ --steps=100000 \
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+ --batch_size=4
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+ ```
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+
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+ Add policy-specific flags below:
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+
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+ - `-policy.chunk_size=...`
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+ - `-policy.n_action_steps=...`
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+ - `-policy.max_action_tokens=...`
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+ - `-policy.gradient_checkpointing=true`
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+
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+
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+ ## Real-World Inference & Evaluation
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+
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+ You can use the `record` script from [**`lerobot-record`**](https://github.com/huggingface/lerobot/blob/main/src/lerobot/scripts/lerobot_record.py) with a policy checkpoint as input, to run inference and evaluate your policy.
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+
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+ For instance, run this command or API example to run inference and record 10 evaluation episodes:
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+
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+ ```
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+ lerobot-record \
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+ --robot.type=so100_follower \
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+ --robot.port=/dev/ttyACM1 \
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+ --robot.cameras="{ up: {type: opencv, index_or_path: /dev/video10, width: 640, height: 480, fps: 30}, side: {type: intelrealsense, serial_number_or_name: 233522074606, width: 640, height: 480, fps: 30}}" \
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+ --robot.id=my_awesome_follower_arm \
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+ --display_data=false \
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+ --dataset.repo_id=${HF_USER}/eval_so100 \
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+ --dataset.single_task="Put lego brick into the transparent box" \
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+ # <- Teleop optional if you want to teleoperate in between episodes \
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+ # --teleop.type=so100_leader \
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+ # --teleop.port=/dev/ttyACM0 \
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+ # --teleop.id=my_awesome_leader_arm \
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+ --policy.path=${HF_USER}/my_policy
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+ ```