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We have recently reported that vatalanib, an orally active small molecule multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor , can sensitize multidrug resistant colon cancer cells to chemotherapy under hypoxia by inhibiting two MDR transporters ABCB1 and ABCG2 .The data available in this paper are: apparent circumvention of oxaliplatin r... | We have recently reported that vatalanib, an orally active small molecule multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (Hess-Stumpp et al., 2005 [1]), can sensitize multidrug resistant (MDR) colon cancer cells to chemotherapy under hypoxia by inhibiting two MDR transporters ABCB1 and ABCG2 (To et al., 2015 [2]).This data article de... |
In cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning, how to design a suitable reward signal to accelerate learning and stabilize convergence is a critical problem.The global reward signal assigns the same global reward to all agents without distinguishing their contributions, while the local reward signal provides differ... | We study reward design problem in cooperative MARL based on packet routing environments.The experimental results remind us to be careful to design the rewards, as they are really important to guide the agent behavior. |
actin-binding protein in the contractile system of both striated and smooth muscles cells, and in the cytoskeleton of non-muscle cells were it has a stabilising function.Targeted manipulation of TPM1 was performed early in chick cardiogenesis, at HH10/11 or 2 days post-fertilisation, to gain insight to the role of TPM1... | A number of sarcomeric proteins, such as alpha myosin heavy chain, play crucial roles in cardiac development.To date, TPM1 has not been associated with isolated CHDs.In addition, abnormal structural properties were found in hearts transfected with TPM1 carrying I130V and S229F mutations.Phenotypic analysis of TPM1 morp... |
By using timber for multi-storey buildings instead of using concrete or steel materials means that specific challenges in design and construction need to be handled.There are advantages of using timber for such applications, and benefits of using timber in buildings are far from being maximized .One challenge using tim... | Board width-to-thickness ratios in non-edge-glued cross laminated timber (CLT) panels influence the in-plane shear stiffness of the panel.The objective is to show the impact of board width-to-thickness ratios for 3- and 5-layer CLT panels.Shear stiffnesses were calculated using finite element analysis and are shown as ... |
The recent direction of unpaired image-to-image translation is on one hand very exciting as it alleviates the big burden in obtaining label-intensive pixel-to-pixel supervision, but it is on the other hand not fully satisfactory due to the presence of artifacts and degenerated transformations.In this paper, we take a m... | Smooth regularization over sample graph for unpaired image-to-image translation results in significantly improved consistency |
s. Data collection and processing methods have been reported previously.Thermal stability measurements were obtained by loading ∼0.25 mg/mL of ConSOSL.UFO.664, B41 SOSIP.664, or BG505 SOSIP.664 into a glass capillary tube and analyzed using a Prometheus NT.48 NanoDSF instrument.Female New Zealand white rabbits aged 2.5... | The HIV-1-envelope glycoprotein (Env) is the main target of antigen design for antibody-based prophylactic vaccines.The generation of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAb) likely requires the appropriate presentation of stabilized trimers preventing exposure of non-neutralizing antibody (nNAb) epitopes.We designed a s... |
Identifying population declines and their underlying processes is one of the central paradigms in conservation biology.Unprecedented reductions in abundance of numerous species worldwide have hastened efforts to identify population trends and extinction risks.After heavy exploitation throughout history, many marine mam... | Integrated population models combine data from several sources into a single model to allow the simultaneous estimation of demographic parameters and the prediction of population trajectories.The St. Lawrence Estuary (SLE) beluga population was depleted by intensive hunting over the past century, and had declined to 10... |
beluga over the last 6−8 years of the modelling period.As in the main model, the change in population trajectory in later years was due to changes in age structure and population dynamic parameters starting around 1999.Our integrated population model combining information from multiple sources into a single framework, ... | Results suggest that the population was stable or slightly increasing from the end of the 1960s until the early 2000s when it numbered approximately 1000 belugas.Results suggest substantial changes in population dynamics and age structure, moving from a stable period (1984-1998) characterized by a 3-year calving cycle ... |
the change in the proportion of young observed between the 1988 and 1990 aerial surveys.While the 1988 survey results were not used to fit the model, our results did suggest a low proportion of young in 1988 and a high value in 1990, which matched survey estimations.Additionally, a long-term photo-identification progra... | They are especially useful when survey data alone are insufficient to estimate precise vital rates and abundance, and to understand mechanisms of population growth and decline.Low abundance estimates and high calf mortalities observed in recent years have raised concerns as to its current status.Independent indices of ... |
GFRP material, with the Young’s modulus and the Poisson’s ratio equal to 80% of the experimentally measured values, considering the variance of the results.To increase the reliability of the proposed FEM, unilateral contact interfaces were used for the simulation of the contacts between the specimen and the loading pla... | In this paper, results of flexure tests aimed at improving the structural behavior of softwood beams reinforced with unglued composite plates and at developing an effective alternative to the use of organic resins are presented.The addition of modest ratios of GFRP (Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer) composite strengtheni... |
suggesting that MEs systems were of high-level biocompatibility and likely to be used for further in vivo applications.Data were analyzed using ANOVA, *p < 0.05 and ns considered as significant and not significant difference, respectively.For biomedicine uses, MEs systems enter the body and interact with tissues and ce... | The present study aimed to synthesize triacetin-microemulsion (T-ME) and T-ME hybridized with bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (T-BSA-ME) having narrow particle size distribution and versatile carrier systems as a novel microemulsion system.In vivo biocompatibility was done using Median Lethal Dose (LD 50) calculated... |
that of oil changes, as both the supply of oil and its traded share dwarf the other fossil fuels.If half of the global oil supply is still traded by sea, the oil shipped might drop to 3 EJ/yr by 2050 compared to 90 EJ/yr shipped currently.In the median < 2 °C scenarios, both oil and coal trade would decrease on the 201... | About half of the world's oil supply, a fifth of coal supply and a tenth of natural gas supply are traded by ship.Accordingly, any significant shift in the size and shape of the global energy system has important consequences for shipping, which underpins international trade and supports economic development.The Paris ... |
model parameters or even the structure of the modelled systems.This seems important in practice, e.g. to be able to adequately model the evolution of systems over long periods of time during which the modelled infrastructures will be subjected to changes, and to take into account the impact of “covert channels” in ICT ... | We present a methodology, Preliminary Interdependency Analysis (PIA), for analysing interdependencies between critical infrastructure (CI).Consisting of two phases – qualitative analysis followed by quantitative analysis – an application of PIA progresses from a relatively quick elicitation of CI-interdependencies to t... |
perfusion mapping alone.This is likely due to the relatively high interpretability of CBF maps; the ease of quantitative perfusion mapping using ASL.However, ASL has yet to reach its full potential, not only due to potential acquisition challenges in the clinical realm, but also due to the lack of a standard, plug-and-... | Brain aging and associated neurodegeneration constitute a major societal challenge as well as one for the neuroimaging community.A full understanding of the physiological mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration still eludes medical researchers, fuelling the development of in vivo neuroimaging markers.Hence it is increa... |
The following data files are included in the dataset.The datafile “Perchange.dat” contains the activation of brain regions of interest as percent signal change values.Data table in long-format, as delimiters commas are used, as decimal separator dots are used.Data is differentiated by brain region, side, participant nu... | Data includes endocrine data (adiponectin, ACTH, cortisol, C-peptide, insulin and glucose) of a 38 hour fasting intervention and a control condition with standardised meals in young healthy male subjects.The data was collected using a within-design approach.The data of ten common bilateral regions of interest (ROIs) in... |
Experimental Procedures and Table S1.For microarray analysis, biological replicates were prepared as in and hybridized to MouseRef-8 v2.0 Expression BeadChip arrays.Array data were normalized with IlluminaNormalizer v.2 and analyzed with Cyber-T.Gene Ontology analysis was performed with DAVID.SVZ RNA-seq and SVZ NSC Ch... | The epigenetic mechanisms that enable lifelong neurogenesis from neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult mammalian brain are poorly understood.JMJD3 is upregulated in neuroblasts, and Jmjd3 deletion targeted to SVZ NSCs in both developing and adult mice impairs neuronal differentiation.JMJD3 regulates neurogenic gene exp... |
to behave non-physiologically.Vergari et al. described considerable transverse shrinkage of AF tissue without endplates during tensile loading.Furthermore, the applied uniaxial strain used in these studies could be greater than the strain present in the AF when an intact disc is compressed; for example, strain applied ... | The intervertebral disc (IVD) has a complex and multiscale extracellular matrix structure which provides unique mechanical properties to withstand physiological loading.Low back pain has been linked to degeneration of the disc but reparative treatments are not currently available.Characterising the disc's 3D microstruc... |
using PC or ABS as the building material, was related to the lower estimation of material and printing time.It is important to highlight that the infill density was taken as a discrete variable, thus the optimal infill condition was determined based on the three conditions of infill design considered in this study.Henc... | The study herein combines the use of fused filament fabrication (FFF) with finite element analysis (FEA) to enhance the understanding of certain manufacturing parameters (i.e.material, infill density, infill pattern, and outer vertical shell) in the design process of a lumbar fusion cage.Three FFF materials with distin... |
the original volume for a number of strains.It was further shown that some strains were able to use organic carbon in the water phase to grow mixotrophically, leading to higher biomass yields.Another study investigated the use of the HTL aqueous byproduct as a substrate for microbial growth in dark conditions rather th... | Although much has been published about batch reactor tests of biomass HTL, there is only limited information yet available on continuous-flow tests, which can provide a more reasonable basis for process design and scale-up for commercialization.From these models, process costs have been calculated and provide some opti... |
Parameters are one of the most critical components of machine learning models.As datasets and learning domains change, it is often necessary and time-consuming to re-learn entire models.Rather than re-learning the parameters from scratch, replacing learning with optimization, we propose a framework building upon the th... | We present a method of adapting hyperparameters of probabilistic models using optimal transport with applications in robotics |
and the polyHIPE was dried in vacuo at 55 °C for 24 h. Unreacted GMA polyHIPE was used as a control for this ninhydrin reaction.50 mg of O,O′-bispolyethylene glycol functionalised polyHIPE was added to 10 mL of 26 μmol dm−3 fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate solution in pH 9.2 borate buffer and was stirred at room temperatur... | The extent of the functionalization reactions was investigated by a range of qualitative and quantitative techniques (FTIR, CHN analysis, titration, XPS, HR-MAS NMR spectroscopy, ninhydrin assay and Fmoc number determination) and was found to be excellent for small molecule amines (up to 89% conversion) but low for the... |
the N 1s peak supports this assumption.The chemical shift of the N 1s peak complements the wide survey XPS scan in indicating the successful surface functionalization of GMA polyHIPE with trisamine.Table 2 lists the calculated atomic composition of PEGylated and unfunctionalized GMA polyHIPE surface relative to the res... | Proteinase K (Pro K) was subsequently immobilized covalently onto the GMA polyHIPE material, both directly via reaction with surface epoxy groups and indirectly by activation of the pendent amine groups of PEGylated polyHIPE with glutaraldehyde then reductive amination with the enzyme.The directly immobilized Pro K was... |
We consider the dictionary learning problem, where the aim is to model the given data as a linear combination of a few columns of a matrix known as a dictionary, where the sparse weights forming the linear combination are known as coefficients.Since the dictionary and coefficients, parameterizing the linear model are u... | We present a provable algorithm for exactly recovering both factors of the dictionary learning model. |
The data presented in this report consist of summaries of clinical atherosclerosis risk factors and laboratory measurements of the patient population from the AIM-HIGH trial.Summaries are provided for subgroups based on inclusion in or exclusion from the DCE-MRI substudy .The data were collected from participants of th... | This brief data article summarizes the clinical risk factors and laboratory data of a group of subjects recruited for the AIM-HIGH trial (Atherothrombosis Intervention in Metabolic Syndrome with Low HDL/High Triglycerides and Impact on Global Health Outcomes) and an associated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) substudy.... |
due to the strong forces of attraction between individual graphene layers/sheets .The HR-TEM image of the green circled portion in Fig. 3e reveals the presence of exfoliated graphene in NR latex matrix with thickness ranging from 2 to 3 nm.Following samples were used for thermal conductivity studies using TPS 2500 S Ho... | Commercially useful rubber products viz.gloves, condoms, tyres, and rubber hoses used in high temperature environments, etc., require efficient thermal conductivity, which increases the lifetime of these products.Graphene can fetch this property, if it is effectively incorporated into the rubber matrix.The great challe... |
The Taguchi method, used to optimize the experimental design, is the same being applied during our previous study .Briefly, four common environmental factors including AsV, N, P and pH were considered each at three levels .The detailed experimental conditions were obtained using a L9 orthogonal array.Furthermore, we us... | Only little information is available on combined effects of abiotic environmental factors on algal arsenate (AsV) metabolic biokinetics.Herein, we demonstrated the methods of using the Taguchi statistical method to investigate four environmental factors including AsV, nitrate (N), orthophosphate (P) and pH for their co... |
Foot-and mouth disease affects cloven-hoofed animals, and is caused by an RNA virus in the family Picornaviridae.Characteristically, vesicles develop, especially in epithelia around the mouth, feet and mammary glands.Case-fatality is usually low except in young stock, but productivity losses and costs associated with c... | Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is highly infectious, but despite the large quantities of FMD virus released into the environment and the extreme susceptibility of host species to infection, transmission is not always predictable.Whereas virus spread in endemic settings is characterised by frequent direct and indirect ani... |
laboratories supported by the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations and the World Animal Health Organisation ."Recent studies show repeated and widespread dissemination of FMDV serotypes O and A from South Asia, which is perhaps counter-intuitive given the FMD control efforts and progress reported fro... | There remains a void between data generated from small-scale experimental studies and our ability to reliably reconstruct transmission routes at different scales between farms, countries and regions.This review outlines recent transmission studies in susceptible host species, and considers new approaches that integrate... |
the catalase can reproduce it.We indirectly tested the function of the catalase in another experiment by introducing just air saturated buffer over the lateral inlet and confirmed that the oxygen concentration at the third and fourth measurement position without catalase is significantly lower.The oxygen concentrations... | A powerful online analysis set-up for oxygen measurements within microfluidic devices is presented.It features integration of optical oxygen sensors into microreactors, which enables contactless, accurate and inexpensive readout using commercially available oxygen meters via luminescent lifetime measurements in the fre... |
Of the whole 420 subjects, 220 subjects were female and 200 subjects were male, and the average age of participants was 21.96 ± 3.70.In addition, the under-20 age range was in the majority.In terms of marital status, the majority of participants were single.Besides, in terms of education, 339 subjects were doing a bach... | The present data article aimed to investigate the leisure time among students at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences and its relationship with health-related quality of life.In this descriptive and correlational data article, the statistical population consisted of 420 students at faculties of Health, Paramedics,... |
Brain processing relies on interactions between systems and thus on anatomical connectivity and local dynamics.In neuroimaging and electrophysiology, we often estimate theses interactions using purely observational measures of “functional connectivity”, i.e. the correlation of activity between brain regions, or using o... | Responses to brief electrical pulses mimic the physiological propagation of signals and manifest as cortico-cortical evoked potentials (CCEP).New method: In order to recover the characteristics of early CCEP responses, we developed an artifact correction method based on electrical modeling of the electrode-tissue inter... |
performance coefficients and applied to experimental data.This method allowed us to extract early responses in experimental data and should allow investigators to more reliably analyze, in the majority of cases, early response shapes and first peak latencies at the single trial level, as well as on averaged signals.It ... | The first CCEP component is believed to reflect direct connectivity with the stimulated region but the stimulation artifact, a sharp deflection occurring during a few milliseconds, frequently contaminates it.The biophysically motivated artifact templates are then regressed out of the recorded data as in any classical t... |
native signers and contribute to the characterization of which aspects of task difficulty affect the fTCD signal.Our finding is in line with previous results in which difficulty of phonological search in a word generation paradigm did not result in a difference of LIs although participants produced more items in the ea... | The neural systems supporting speech and sign processing are very similar, although not identical.In a previous fTCD study of hearing native signers (Gutierrez-Sigut, Daws, et al., 2015) we found stronger left lateralization for sign than speech.Given that this increased lateralization could not be explained by hand mo... |
We identify two issues with the family of algorithms based on the Adversarial Imitation Learning framework.The first problem is implicit bias present in the reward functions used in these algorithms.While these biases might work well for some environments, they can also lead to sub-optimal behavior in others.Secondly, ... | We address sample inefficiency and reward bias in adversarial imitation learning algorithms such as GAIL and AIRL. |
more likely to be found in G2/M and less likely to be in S phase, compared to control cells.Together our results indicate that Ronin knockout was associated with a sustained and elevated DNA checkpoint activation as well as an increase of cells within G2/M after UV-C damage.We herein use Ronin-knockout ESCs to show tha... | Early mammalian embryonic cells must maintain a particularly robust DNA repair system, as mutations at this developmental point have detrimental consequences for the organism.How the repair system can be tuned to fulfill such elevated requirements is largely unknown, but it may involve transcriptional regulation.Ronin ... |
performed separately for children who had outcome data at 4 years and at 7 years.The shape of the relationship between OCs and lung function was tested by General Additive Models.None of the associations showed linearity and therefore OCs concentrations were included in the models as exposure categories using age-speci... | At 4 years, prenatal p,p′-DDE exposure was associated with a decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) in all quartiles of exposure (e.g., third quartile [0.23–0.34 ng/mL]: β for FEV1 −53.61 mL, 95% CI −89.87, −17.35, vs. the lowest).Prenatal p,p′-DDE levels also decreased forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/... |
be older, more educated, and European.This might have biased the obtained estimates, but we would not expect the estimates to change since such variables did not affect the associations.Although our results may not be generalisable to the general population, it is not likely to affect internal validity, i.e. the associ... | Introduction: Prenatal exposure to organochlorine compounds (OCs) can increase the risk of reported respiratory symptoms in children.It remains unclear whether these compounds can also impact on lung function.We assessed the association between prenatal exposure to OCs and lung function during childhood.Methods: We inc... |
this requirement, that with the smallest χ2 straight line fit to its clusters is selected.This algorithm is well suited to reconstruct tracks in low cluster occupancy regimes.The average number of clusters per sensor plane at the DESY testbeam was around 5, with 20% of events having only one reconstructed track.In this... | The Judith software performs pixel detector analysis tasks utilizing two different data streams such as those produced by the reference and tested devices typically found in a testbeam.This software addresses and fixes problems arising from the desynchronization of the two simultaneously triggered data streams by detec... |
fish is only slightly higher or comparable to that of naive fish.Nevertheless, immunized fish, even those in which antibodies are no longer detectable, are resistant to a lethal challenge, possibly because of the subsequent rapid response of B and T memory cells to antigen restimulation.ORF57 is conserved among the cyp... | The genus Cyprinivirus consists of a growing list of phylogenetically related viruses, some of which cause severe economic losses to the aquaculture industry.The archetypal member, cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) causes mass mortalities worldwide in koi and common carp.A CyHV-3 mutant was described previously that is a... |
the timing of stroke was missing.Of 66 patients with determined stroke mechanism, in the patients undergoing CAS, ischaemic stroke was caused by a haemodynamic mechanism, carotid-embolism, or thrombosis or occlusion of the carotid.Other causes of stroke were hyperperfusion or cardio-embolic.In three CAS patients multip... | Strokes were predominately ischaemic (77; 56 CAS and 21 CEA), after the procedure (57; 37 CAS and 20 CEA), ipsilateral to the treated artery (77; 52 CAS and 25 CEA), and non-disabling (47; 36 CAS and 11 CEA).Mechanisms of stroke were carotid-embolic (14; 10 CAS and 4 CEA), haemodynamic (20; 15 CAS and 5 CEA), thrombosi... |
treated with CAS than CEA.20,Strict control of blood pressure also seems to be necessary during the weeks after CEA to avoid reperfusion syndrome.Thrombosis or occlusion of the carotid artery has been described as a common cause of early postprocedural stroke after carotid intervention.21,Most thrombotic occlusions in ... | Objective: To decrease the procedural risk of carotid revascularisation it is crucial to understand the mechanisms of procedural stroke.This study analysed the features of procedural strokes associated with carotid artery stenting (CAS) and carotid endarterectomy (CEA) within the International Carotid Stenting Study (I... |
The genus Pantoea has diverse species, which have been isolated from several environments such as aquatic and terrestrial environments .Pantoea genus currently has twenty described species which have associations with humans, plants, insects, and animals .Association of Pantoea species with various hosts can be parasit... | Pantoea ananatis strain MHSD5 is a bacterial endophyte isolated from the surface sterilized leaves of Pellaea calomelanos, which is a medicinal plant obtained in Limpopo province of South Africa.We present here the draft genome sequence and annotation of P. ananatis strain MHSD5.The genome assembly was 4.6 Mb in size w... |
ecological factors will under many if not most circumstances outweigh the influence of carbonate chemistry conditions, unless differences in the latter are extreme.We will therefore focus the discussion on those cases where differences in carbonate chemistry conditions are rather extreme - for example the comparison be... | Coccolithophores are a group of unicellular phytoplankton species whose ability to calcify has a profound influence on biogeochemical element cycling.Calcification rates are controlled by a large variety of biotic and abiotic factors.Among these factors, carbonate chemistry has gained considerable attention during the ... |
Mining induced rock mass behaviour is a result of the interaction between the mining and geological environments.An understanding of the role of 3-D geomechanical characteristics in rock mass behaviour can lead to significant opportunities for risk-mitigating engineering design.Typically, geomechanical models of mining... | An understanding of the relationship between the geological environment and rock mass behaviour induced by mining activities can lead to hazard reduction through knowledge-based design.However, characterisation of complex and heterogeneous rock masses that typify mining environments is difficult.These relationships ena... |
were considered in this analysis.All fall of ground events at the mine are comparable since the support system is the same for almost the entire extent of the rock fall database.The direction of the major principal in situ stress at the Kiirunavaara Mine is horizontal and approximately perpendicular to the strike of th... | A methodology to characterise these types of rock masses, based largely on classical statistics, geostatistics and an extension of previous quantitative structural domaining work, is presented and applied to the Kiirunavaara Mine, Sweden.In addition to a new perspective on intact rock strengths of geological units at t... |
higher activity of positively weighted voxels pushes the decoder toward effector prediction of the right hand, while higher activity of negatively weighted voxels pushes the decoder toward effector prediction of the left hand, the results suggest contralateral dominance in the preparatory activity of M1/PMd and SMA whe... | Motor action is prepared in the human brain for rapid initiation at the appropriate time.Recent non-invasive decoding techniques have shown that brain activity for action preparation represents various parameters of an upcoming action.In the present study, we demonstrated that a freely chosen effector can be predicted ... |
Pyramidal cells are the major excitatory neuron type in the cerebral cortex and represent 70–85% of all neurons in the mammalian cortex.With rare exceptions, PCs are the only projection neurons of the cerebral cortex.The generic anatomy of PCs in the neocortex is characterized by a pyramidal soma, two distinct dendriti... | Many systematic classification schemes have been proposed based the neuronal morphology, the chemical composition, and the synaptic connectivity, etc.Recently, a cortical column of primary somatosensory cortex (SSC) has been reconstruction and functionally simulated (Markram et al., 2015).Putting forward from this stud... |
studies, L4_PCs predominantly give out commissural and associative axonal collateral projections, suggesting the involvement of these L4_PC types in the network activity at a whole brain level.The correlation between specific cell types of layer 4 and long-distance projections has been reported in a study on primary vi... | The majority of neurons in the neocortex are excitatory pyramidal cells (PCs).These PC types were visually distinguished and confirmed by quantitative differences in their morphometric properties.Therefore, the morphology information of apical dendrites is sufficient for a simple scheme to classify a spectrum of anatom... |
comparable if costs due to a 1-year delay are included assuming shorter approval times for partly cabled TLs.The amount of energy which could not be transferred due to the delay in the ZIP code 2 area is 7300 GW h, the total installed wind power in that area will be 20 GW in 2020 .Potentially, the deployment of new tec... | Despite the extensive research and development investments into superconducting science and technology, both at the fundamental and at the applied levels, many benefits of superconducting transmission lines (SCTL) remain unknown to the public and decision makers at large.This paper aims at informing about the progress ... |
Conservation laws are considered to be fundamental laws of nature.It has broad application in many fields including physics, chemistry, biology, geology, and engineering.Solving the differential equations associated with conservation laws is a major branch in computational mathematics.Recent success of machine learning... | We observe that numerical PDE solvers can be regarded as Markov Desicion Processes, and propose to use Reinforcement Learning to solve 1D scalar Conservation Laws |
modern state-of-the-art AEM, capable of a probe diameter in the sub-nm range should be capable of faithfully capturing both the true profile shape and element concentration in the grain boundary region for typical concentration levels and precipitate distributions.However, for probe diameters of 3.5 nm or greater, both... | Grain boundary segregation is important in many metallurgical phenomenon.A technologically important example is in the performance of high strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu (7xxx) alloys.In particular, the concentration of alloying elements on grain boundaries relative to the matrix is thought to be important.This paper demonstrate... |
of a flat homogeneous substrate covered by a uniform oxide overlayer with an intermediate layer of differing thickness, the relation of the signals originating from the substrate and both layers can be calculated using the fact that the “substrate signal” originating from the metal is exponentially attenuated by both o... | An improved methodology of the Zr specimen preparation was developed which allows fabrication of stable Zr nanotips suitable for FIM and AP applications.Initial oxidation of the Zr surface was studied on a Zr nanotip by FIM and on a polycrystalline Zr foil by XPS, both at low oxygen pressure (10-8-10-7mbar).The XPS dat... |
This article presents data collected by CIAT with an aim of assessing the climate smartness, profitability and returns of soil protection and rehabilitation measures.The data was collected using a structured questionnaire by means of Computer Aided Personal Interview technique to make the collection process effective a... | This paper describes data that were collected in three counties of western Kenya, namely Siaya, Bungoma, and Kakamega.The main aim of collecting the data was to assess the climate smartness, profitability and returns of soil protection and rehabilitation measures.The data were collected from 88 households.The household... |
halothane incorporation and pressure.In addition, recent experiments suggest that changes in the lateral structuring of membranes in response to anaesthetic incorporation and pressure may be important in modulating anaesthetic activity .Our combined experimental-simulation approach offers a compelling molecular hypothe... | Using a combination of high pressure wide angle X-ray scattering experiments and molecular dynamics simulations, we probe the effect of the archetypal general anaesthetic halothane on the lipid hydrocarbon chain packing and ordering in model bilayers and the variation in these parameters with pressure.Incorporation of ... |
the power to detect clinically important associations with our a priori phenotypes.On the other hand, this is one of the only a few studies to investigate the association between asthma or atopy with death from suicide, as opposed to suicidal ideation or attempted suicide, an approach recommended in a recent review on ... | There is emerging evidence that asthma and atopy may be associated with a higher risk of suicide.We investigated the association of asthma and atopy with mortality from suicide (n=32) in the Glasgow Alumni cohort, adjusting for the key confounders of socioeconomic position and smoking.We found no evidence of an associa... |
only in the WLM without redistribution.While the most extreme reaction is moderate in the VCM-EX, VCM-RE and WLM-RE, contribution decreases by 74% in the WLM-EX and team output collapses.The extreme reaction by the non-excluded participants in the second round of the original game of the WLM-EX is at odds with the fact... | In this paper, we study the effect of excludability - exclusion of the lowest contributor - on contributions in three different team production settings.Excludability is particularly effective in production settings where the average or maximum effort determines team production.In these settings, we observe almost imme... |
therefore, the results in this paper would not generalize directly to actual single-channel measurements from a wearable EEG device.It remains an important open issue to assess artifact reduction performance for actual wearable measurements, where the true artifact-free EEG signals are unknown.It would be useful to exa... | This paper addresses two issues toward practical use of wearable electroencephalogram (EEG) measurement devices.Ocular (eye movement and blink) artifacts often contaminate EEGs and deteriorate the performance of EEG-based brain–computer interfaces (BCIs).Although wearable consumer-grade EEG devices with single electrod... |
were immunized with CII at day 0 and day 21, and APT-F2P was administered intraperitoneally every day from day 21 to day 42 in two doses of 1 and 10 mg/kg.APT-F2P resulted in moderate, but significant, improvement in the incidence of arthritis and clinical scores of symptoms compared with injection of vehicle control.A... | Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) plays a crucial role in bone remodeling and disease progression.However, the potential of FGF2 antagonists for treatment of patients with bone diseases has not yet been explored.Therefore, we generated a novel RNA aptamer, APT-F2, specific for human FGF2 and characterized its propertie... |
The dataset includes images, videos, and plots from experiments combining ex vivo DTI and two-photon microscopy of CLARITY mouse brains.Figs. 1–3 show both raw and analyzed data from these experiments indicating the relationship between various diffusivity measures and MBP immunofluorescence.Table 1 shows DTI-derived m... | We provide datasets from combined ex vivo diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and Clear Lipid-exchanged, Anatomically Rigid, Imaging/immunostaining compatible, Tissue hYdrogel (CLARITY) performed on intact mouse brains.DTI-derived measures of fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD) we... |
Data tables are provided for individual fatty acids obtained from gas chromatographic analysis of fatty acid methyl esters for serum and for colon tissues.The related research article does not report all the fatty acids singly.In addition, a subset of the tissue samples was analyzed by lipidomics and the heat maps of a... | Data is provided to show the detailed fatty acid and lipidomic composition of normal and tumor rat colon tissues.Rats were fed either a Western fat diet or a fish oil diet, and half the rats from each diet group were treated with chemical carcinogens that induce colon cancer (azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate).Th... |
was hollow with an outer and inner diameter of 0.8 and 0.5 mm given a ring shaped surface with an area of approximately 0.3 mm2 and with sharp contour of the inner and outer edges.Range of measurements was 0–10.0 kg force and 0–1000 g force for the algometer and the von Frey device, respectively.The maximum ranges were... | Objective: To examine the use of handheld methodology to assess mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT) on cows kept loose-housed.A one-factor (test day) design was used to evaluate MNT over time.Mechanical, ramped stimulations were performed with an algometer (6.5 mm diameter steel probe, 0-10.0 kgf) or an electronic v... |
The data in this article provides information on how to develop an experimental system for HTP screening of mutants through the comparison of the activity ratios of an applicable enzyme and its mutants to a suitable enzyme tag in cell lysates of their fused forms.Data supported validity of the proposed strategy and the... | Data in this article are associated with the research article “High-throughput screening of enzyme mutants by comparison of their activity ratios to an enzyme tag” (Li et al., 2019) [1].Data are provided on the development of a system for high-throughput (HTP) screening of mutants through the comparison of the activity... |
overheating during the SPS.While the samples SPS-ed at T ≥ 850 °C, a modest gain in the HCi was reported after the thermal treatment, which may be associated only with the relaxation of the interfacial strains introduced by defects generation along the coarser grains.For the samples SPS-ed at 850 °C the normal grains r... | The goal of this study was to justify the reprocessing of recycled HDDR Nd-Fe-B powders with spark plasma sintering (SPS) and to investigate the dependence of the final magnetic properties on SPS and thermal treatment.The post SPS thermal treatment was performed at 750 °C for 15 min in vacuum.The optimal SPS conditions... |
room for uncertainty.In addition to possible changes in protein concentration during sample preparation and over the course of an experiment, systematic variations along the silk gland have been reported .Hence, this could lead to discrepancies between the concentration determined gravimetrically and that in the adjace... | All specimens exhibited flow characteristics typical of a concentrated polymer solution, with visco-elastic behaviour dominated by two main relaxation modes exhibiting time constants around 0.44 and 0.055 s at 25 °C.Consequently, for the first time, it was possible to compile master-curves for native silk feedstock sp... |
decreases in activation energy as the concentration of hydroxypropyl cellulose in aqueous phosphoric acid was increased and the solution changed from isotropic to liquid crystalline.These authors also demonstrated a dependence on the solvent composition, through increases in activation energy with H3PO4 content of the ... | The rheology of native silk protein feedstock specimens was characterised by shear and oscillatory measurements, over the temperature range from 2 to 55 °C, producing no evidence of thermally-driven phase change behaviour. |
is shown in Fig. 11.ZT is enhanced by about 15% by adding the SA.The enhancement is almost independent of the amount of SA.The highest ZT is 0.19 at 450 °C for the samples with 1 and 2 mass% of SA.In comparison with other Si-based clathrates, this value is higher than the reported values of ZT ≈ 0.1 in the Ba8Al14Si31 ... | Nanostructuring has been considered an effective approach to enhance the thermoelectric (TE) performance of materials by reducing their lattice thermal conductivity.In the present study, we show the influence of a process control agent (PCA) for ball milling, Stearic acid (SA), on the nano- and microstructure and therm... |
Skeletal muscle satellite cells are ubiquitous mononuclear cells, classically identified by their location between the fibre plasmalemma and basal lamina .Satellite cells play an important role during skeletal muscle injury and regeneration."When skeletal muscle damage occurs, satellite cells within the muscle bulk are... | The aim was to examine the generation of RONS in cultured skeletal muscle cells under a physiological oxygen concentration condition (6% O2) and determine the effect on muscle myogenesis.Primary mouse satellite cells were grown in 20% or 6% O2 environments and RONS activity was measured at different stages of myogenesi... |
DCFH in skeletal muscle could be oxidised by H2O2, hydroxyl radical, NO, and peroxynitrite, however the data presented here do not allow assessment of which specific species oxidised the DCFH.NO availability was examined using the NO-specific probe DAF-FM essentially as described by Pye et al. .DAF-FM-DA readily diffus... | Regulated changes in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) activities are important in maintaining the normal sequence and development of myogenesis.Both excessive formation and reduction in RONS have been shown to affect muscle differentiation in a negative way.Myoblasts grown in 20% O2 showed an increase in DCF... |
distinct artificial organelles within GUV artificial cells.Our study clearly demonstrates that membrane tension acts to regulate ILV formation by ESCRT in giant vesicle artificial cells.This tension control is most evident in the number of ILV compartments that are formed.We found that there is little control over the ... | Artificial cells can shed new light on the molecular basis for life and hold potential for new chemical technologies.Inspired by how nature dynamically regulates its membrane compartments, we aim to repurpose the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)to generate complex membrane architectures as suita... |
Cloze test is widely adopted in language exams to evaluate students' language proficiency.", 'In this paper, we propose the first large-scale human-designed cloze test dataset CLOTH in which the questions were used in middle-school and high-school language exams.With the missing blanks carefully created by teachers and... | A cloze test dataset designed by teachers to assess language proficiency |
physical, chemical and biological properties describing the recovery target.Undisturbed location adjacent to, or nearby, the certified site, from where data are collected for comparison to the certified site data.Each reference area represents the ecological target for the entire certified site, or for a specific porti... | We developed a scientifically robust and financially sustainable monitoring protocol to enable a consistent assessment of ecological recovery of physical, chemical, and biological indicators at certified reclaimed industrial wellsites in forested lands in noutheastern Alberta.Using the developed protocols, data can be ... |
Labview environment, c-RIO, input/output modules and measuring devices: BNC cables to connect sensors and modules;, Experimental machining tests using the following two configurations:– 2a.Test 1-Rigid machining: a rigid prismatic piece is prepared on a Kistler© dynamometer table and the accelerometers placed.Machining... | Today requirements by machine-tool users point towards knowing more about the machining processes.In a globalized and competitive market as manufacturing is, future engineers will be urged to develop transversal skills on diverse science domains such as Mechanics, Mechatronics or Electrics.Monitoring of machining proce... |
dynamics of welfare programs and their interaction with other institutions, like a regime approach does”.Future research should address the limitations of our study.First, individual-level mortality data should be integrated with individual-level policy coverage data to assess the mechanisms whereby the welfare state i... | The United States has a mortality disadvantage relative to its political and economic peer group of other rich democracies.Recently it has been suggested that there could be a role for social policy in explaining this disadvantage.In this paper, we test this “social policy hypothesis” by presenting a time-series cross-... |
from a social perspective in these various disorders may thus facilitate formulating a more specific endophenotype thereby advancing our understanding of disturbed performance monitoring in these clinical populations.In addition, future studies could focus in more detail on the role of individual differences in relevan... | Our mistakes often have negative consequences for ourselves, but may also harm the people around us.Continuous monitoring of our performance is therefore crucial for both our own and others’ well-being.Here, we investigated how modulations in responsibility for other's harm affects electrophysiological correlates of pe... |
upon AHR activation with FICZ.The abundance of the major NuRD component CHD4 and its interacting protein SALL4 remained unaffected upon FICZ treatment in whole-cell lysates, and their subcellular localization was unchanged.The association of SALL4 with NuRD has been previously established, and in our study, AHR was fou... | The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a widely expressed nuclear receptor that senses environmental stimuli and modulates target gene expression.Here, we have investigated the AHR interactome in embryonic stem cells by mass spectrometry and show that ectopic activation of AHR during early differentiation disrupts the ... |
we cultured the zygotes for an additional day, which brought them to the blastocyst stage and re-examined CDX2, NANOG, and SOX17 expression by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy.We detected no differences in total cell numbers, trophoblasts or extraembryonic endoderm cells.However, the relative fluorescence per... | The transcriptional program of early embryonic development is tightly regulated by a set of well-defined transcription factors that suppress premature expression of differentiation genes and sustain the pluripotent identity.These findings identify a mechanism that allows environmental stimuli to disrupt embryonic devel... |
Many computer vision applications require solving multiple tasks in real-time."A neural network can be trained to solve multiple tasks simultaneously using 'multi-task learning'.", 'This saves computation at inference time as only a single network needs to be evaluated.Unfortunately, this often leads to inferior overal... | We analyze what tasks are best learned together in one network, and which are best to learn separately. |
sampled students were interviewed at endline.School, student, and staff characteristics were evenly distributed across study groups at baseline.Most students were aged 11–14 years, 52% were female, and 7·3% reported some form of disability.More than half reported eating fewer than three meals in the day before the surv... | All students in primary 5, 6, and 7 (approximate ages 11-14 years) and all staff members who spoke either English or Luganda and could provide informed consent were eligible for participation in cross-sectional baseline and endline surveys in June-July 2012 and 2014, respectively.We randomly assigned 21 schools to rece... |
Chronic rhinosinusitis is defined as an inflammation of the nose and paranasal sinuses lasting longer than 12 weeks, which causes nasal blockage, obstruction, congestion, and discharge.1,CRS generally has been divided into two subgroups: with and without nasal polyps.Although there is a considerable overlap between the... | Introduction: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is a heterogeneous disease and appropriate diagnostic algorithms in individual cases are necessary for effective medical treatment.Clinical, hematological, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed and statistically compared between both groups.There were no ... |
significantly greater in the ECRS group than that in the non-ECRS group, suggesting mucous secretion would be more activated in the polyps of ECRS.However, pendrin or MUC5AC expression levels were not correlated with blood eosinophil counts or Lund–Mackay scores, either.Pendrin is expressed in a restricted tissue distr... | Objective: The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between the pendrin expression of nasal polyps and clinical and pathological characteristic features of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis.Methods: A total of 68 patients were classified into eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis or non-eosinophilic ch... |
of the path travelled.A linear relationship between time difference and MSD indicates Brownian motion , with the slope giving the diffusion rate.An upwards curving plot indicates persistent directed movement, while a downwards curve indicates a confinement effect.Comparing MSD between raw and drift corrected data allow... | This article provides detailed information on manually tracked cap mesenchyme cells from timelapse imaging of multiple ex vivo embryonic mouse kidneys.Positional data is supplemented with a range of information including the relative location of the closest ureteric tip and a correction for drift due to bulk movement a... |
cascade framework, quantifying the flow of mass and elements between key species and groups, along with a size spectrum approach to establish and quantify the links between these trophic levels and assess the implications of changes in the players on the flux of carbon.To deliver this we draw on the state of the art in... | It has long been recognised that there are strong interactions and feedbacks between climate, upper ocean biogeochemistry and marine food webs, and also that food web structure and phytoplankton community distribution are important determinants of variability in carbon production and export from the euphotic zone.Numer... |
with the spawning population would also be likely required to locate the most productive areas within the optimal habitat.An attempt to depict the most temporally persistent nursery areas of hake in the Mediterranean Sea based on 0-group biomass has been carried out within the EU project MEDISEH.Besides the differences... | An ecological niche modelling (ENM) approach was developed to model the suitable habitat for the 0-group European hake, Merluccius merluccius L., 1758, in the Mediterranean Sea.The ENM was built combining knowledge on biological traits of hake recruits (e.g.growth, settlement, mobility and feeding strategy) with patter... |
for-profit MOOC providers are used for widening participation, but they are certainly not the whole picture.Widening participation programs are just as likely to use not-for-profit partnerships and platforms, combinations of technologies, and additional support, including face-to-face study groups.Whereas the first pha... | In recent years, hopes that Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) would make access to education fairer faded in the light of research showing MOOCs favoured the already educated and relatively advantaged.This paper presents the results of a systematic review of literature from 2014 to 2018.The aim was to investigate the... |
of fitting function and interaction of NO3-N in the BRT model in Fig. 10 may also indicate rapid uptake of dissolved nutrient by biota.The influence of NO3 was not seen in the GLMM model, which had a lower explanatory power than the BRT model.Low runoff means lower flow velocity in the river, giving longer living time ... | We combined eco-hydrological and empirical models to study chlorophyll-a concentration as an indicator of eutrophication in a small agricultural river.The main objective in the first storyline is to stimulate economic activity but also to promote the sustainable and efficient use of resources.The second storyline is ba... |
and cathode compositions in a hydrodynamic solution.The power and current increase achieved by our fuel cell, with respect to the no-flow condition, is as follows: 56% CF4, 23% CF3 and 4% W1.In addition, the presence of flow also reduces build-up of the reaction products at the surface of the electrode, thereby prevent... | This work describes the use of a capillary quasi-steady flow to improve the power and current output of a paper-based enzymatic glucose/O2 fuel cell.Anode and cathode of the fuel cell are made with screen-printed carbon electrodes properly functionalized with enzyme-based inks.The electrodes have been placed at both si... |
Generative Adversarial Networks have achieved remarkable results in the task of generating realistic natural images.In most applications, GAN models share two aspects in common.On the one hand, GANs training involves solving a challenging saddle point optimization problem, interpreted as an adversarial game between a g... | Are GANs successful because of adversarial training or the use of ConvNets?We show a ConvNet generator trained with a simple reconstruction loss and learnable noise vectors leads many of the desirable properties of a GAN. |
One in three adults over 65 years fall each year and this increases to 40% of individuals over 80 years .Falls are associated to a considerable increase in morbidity, immobility, mortality and loss of independence and can also result in a heavy psychological burden due to a fear of falling .Together these result in dim... | Methods: Following the development of a rigorous search strategy, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane, EMBASE, PEDro, and CINAHL were systematically searched for studies involving the use of wearable inertial sensors, to determine gait and postural based differences among fallers or those at high fall risk compared with ... |
measures being difficult to perform with WIS.Additionally, no study reported sample size power calculations, potentially reducing the statistical power of available data.A limitation to the present review, is that only measures that were identified to be statistically significant in at least one paper were highlighted ... | This review aimed to identify gait and posture differences among older adult fallers and non-fallers which can be measured with the use of wearable inertial sensors.In addition to describing the number of sensors used to obtain measures, the concurrent anatomical locations, how these measures compare to current forms o... |
concentration but are often promoting.In our experimental system, SA had little or no effect on height, number of leaves, and FW of the unstressed plants, and limited ameliorating effect on these parameters in PEG-stressed plants.However, the SA-induced increase of PR was eminent in all treatments.In a similar experime... | We describe the responses of Impatiens walleriana to polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced physiological drought and the potential of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) as stress-ameliorating agent.Impatiens shoot culture was established on 16 different media containing 0-3% PEG and 0-3 mM SA.After prolonged drought (60 days), ... |
to optimize the monitor units as part of the objective function, but this should be possible.Another limitation is that dose components have been calculated from a small field and the total dose due to a larger field has been calculated as a summation of these elemental doses.It is well known that this is not a very ac... | The Cyberknife system (Accuray Inc., Sunnyvale, CA) enables radiotherapy using stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) with a large number of non-coplanar beam orientations.Recently, a multileaf collimator has also been available to allow flexibility in field shaping.This work aims to evaluate the quality of tre... |
The European Union promotes bioenergy as one of the main renewable, low-carbon sources to achieve its ambitious climate and energy targets for 2020 and beyond.Among bioenergy feedstocks, residues, including logging residues from forestry operations, are strongly supported under European legislation.Biofuels from residu... | The European Union (EU) relies largely on bioenergy to achieve its climate and energy targets for 2020 and beyond.We used the dataset from the latest European Commission document on the sustainability of solid and gaseous biomass (SWD2014 259), complementing those results by: i) designing three pathways for domestic-he... |
on surface temperature than fossil systems.Market-mediated effects are not considered here because the logging residues studied are unlikely to have any other major industrial use if not energy.For other biomass feedstocks, such as sawnwood, these will need to be considered using a more consequential approach and dynam... | Special focus is placed on utilization of biomass residues, which are considered to cause low environmental impacts.However, the climate impact of bioenergy should be assessed by considering also the non-bioenergy uses of the biomass and by including all climate forcers.Domestic heating from logging residues is general... |
Polycrystalline nickel based superalloys are currently the material of choice for many components in gas turbine engines due to their superior high temperature strength and creep resistance.These valuable mechanical properties arise through the presence of coherent, ordered L12 precipitates of multimodal size distribut... | The exceptional mechanical properties of polycrystalline nickel-based superalloys arise through various concurrent strengthening mechanisms.Whilst these mechanisms are generally understood, consensus has yet to be established on the precise contribution of each to the overall alloy strength.Furthermore, changes in allo... |
the high Mo alloys showed a negative misfit.This gives rise to a non-linear coherency strengthening effect across the alloy series.The trends in the lattice misfit between the γ matrix and the secondary γʹ predicted using ThermoCalc and the experimentally measured phase compositions were in better agreement with experi... | The total predicted yield stress increased with Mo content despite the diminishing contribution of precipitation strengthening.It is shown that solid solution strengthening of the ordered γʹ precipitate phase is a key contributor to the overall strength, and that variations in composition between the tertiary and secon... |
with 100 μg of either OVA adjuvanted with SAS or 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylaceyl-keyhole limpet hemocyanine adjuvanted with Alum.Blood, spleen, BM, and inguinal LNs were harvested at the indicated time points and single-cell suspension were prepared.All experiments were conducted in compliance with the European Union guid... | Although the Cxcr4 mutation intrinsically and locally promoted germinal center response and PC differentiation, antigen-specific PCs were barely detected in the BM, a defect mirrored by early accumulation of immature plasmablasts potentially occupying the survival niches for long-lived PCs.Therefore, fine-tuning of Cxc... |
Recent advances in cross-lingual word embeddings have primarily relied on mapping-based methods, which project pretrained word embeddings from different languages into a shared space through a linear transformation.However, these approaches assume word embedding spaces are isomorphic between different languages, which ... | Joint method for learning cross-lingual embeddings with state-of-art performance for cross-lingual tasks and mono-lingual quality |
The dataset of this article provides an extensive information on physiologic and haematologic parameters associated with trypanosome continuous passaging in three laboratory animals.Analysed data on differences of the animal physiology to trypanosome is in Figs. 1–4.Tables 1 and 2 show mean survival and temperature of ... | Scientist in developing countries maintain trypanosomes in laboratory animals for in vivo experiments.We generated data on the adaptation of Trypanosoma brucei (NITR201 strain) in balb/c mice (forty-five, 18–23 g), wistar rats (fifteen, 180–220 g) and New Zealand white and chinchilla rabbits (fifteen, 2.8–3.0 kg) in a ... |
Human respiratory syncytial virus is the commonest cause of lower respiratory tract infection in children, worldwide, causing disease in an estimated 34 million children, >3 million hospitalizations, and 66,000–199,000 deaths in children under 5 years, each year .Most children are infected during the first year of life... | Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is a major cause of respiratory disease and hospitalisation of infants, worldwide, and is also responsible for significant morbidity in adults and excess deaths in the elderly.There is no licensed hRSV vaccine or effective therapeutic agent.This is, at least in part, due to the ... |
after infection, which declined by day 3, and was followed by an increase in macrophage numbers in BAL.Further studies are needed to determine the extent to which the pulmonary inflammatory response is the result of virus replication or is a non-specific inflammatory response to the high dose inoculum.Neonatal lambs ca... | Animal models of hRSV play an important role in the preclinical testing of hRSV vaccine candidates and although many have shown efficacy in preclinical studies, few have progressed to clinical trials or they have had only limited success.Nevertheless, mice and cotton rats have been of value in the development of monocl... |
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