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connectivity state of healthy subjects, the possibility of “regression to the mean” should be considered as our study did not compare the longitudinal effects between CS patients with and without receiving CAS treatment.Furthermore, lifestyle modification has been shown associated with function connectivity changes.How... | Although functional hyper-connectivity is one of the physiological over-compensation phenomena in neurological diseases, the literature on the cognitive influence of functional hyper-connectivity in CS patients is limited.We aimed to investigate the longitudinal changes of hyper-connectivity after CAS and its associati... |
The agriculture sector uses chemical fertilizers to increase agricultural production to enable feeding the growing food demands of populations .In Iran, chemical fertilizer utilization increased from 2.4 t in 2001 to 3.3 t in 2011.That means more than 27,000 t chemical fertilizers have been used in agriculture sector a... | Improper use of chemical fertilizer and pesticide poses not only threats to the environmental safety but also major public health issues globally.The adverse effects of chemical fertilizers and pesticides forced agricultural scientist to look for safer methods such as organic farming.This study was aimed at assessing t... |
may be easily neglected.NUACI, on the other hand, is a rule-based product derived from Landsat imagery and DMSP-OLS nighttime lights.As a consequence, some impervious surfaces with low nightlight brightness could be incorrectly masked out.Within the urban core of Nanchang, river islands receive special attention becaus... | Impervious surface dynamics have far-reaching consequences on both the environment and human well-being.Thus, monitoring impervious surface dynamics with high temporal frequency in a both accurate and efficient manner is highly needed.Here, we propose an approach to capture continuous impervious surface dynamics using ... |
Tables 2 & 3.Differences between the different somaclones for the eight different agronomic traits such as plant height, diameter of bush, number of tiller/clump, number of leaves/clump, leaf length, leaf breadth, weight of 100 leaves and oil content were evident at 1% level of significance."Significant differences bet... | Extensive somaclonal variation was noticed within these plants for all eight agronomic characters such as plant height, diameter of bush, number of tiller/clump, number of leaves/clump, leaf length, leaf breadth, weight of 100 leaves and oil content in relation to the donor parent.Significant variations were also recor... |
concentrations during the night hours.This work analysed the data available from the fixed–site monitoring stations to assess the effect of the odd–even trial on the PM concentrations.While a clear picture emerged from the analysis of odd–even trial efforts, further studies are recommended to target background measurem... | The odd-even car trial scheme, which reduced car traffic between 08.00 and 20.00 h daily, was applied from 1 to 15 January 2016 (winter scheme, WS) and 15–30 April 2016 (summer scheme, SS).PM concentrations during the trials can be interpreted either as reduced or increased, depending on the periods used for comparison... |
When a liquid volume is subjected to a high-intensity ultrasonic field close to the entry of narrow spaces such as capillaries, canals, pores and voids an abnormally high rise of the liquid is observed inside these narrow channels.This phenomenon is known as the sono-capillary or ultrasonic capillary effect and the res... | An in situ synchrotron radiographic study of a molten Al-10 wt% Cu alloy under the influence of an external ultrasonic field was carried out using the Diamond-Manchester Branchline pink X-ray imaging at the Diamond Light Source in UK.A bespoke test rig was used, consisting of an acoustic transducer with a titanium sono... |
entrained oxides are forced to enter the groove, enhancing the increment in the number of oxides within the groove in a shorter time.The calculated pressures in Table 3 are in a good agreement with the calculations in Table 2 where the required pressure for filling the groove is in the same range with the calculations ... | This was achieved by quantifying the re-filling of a pre-existing groove in the shape of a tube (which acted as a micro-capillary channel) formed by the oxide envelope of the liquid sample.Analytical solutions of the flow suggest that the filling process, which took place in very small timescales, was related to micro-... |
a multicenter controlled trial with rituximab are awaited in spring 2018.Few other treatment modalities targeting autoimmunity were evaluated in clinical trials in ME/CFS.High dose intravenous IgG therapy is efficacious in autoantibody-mediated diseases."Several intravenous IgG studies were performed in ME/CFS during t... | Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a frequent and severe chronic disease drastically impairing life quality.The underlying pathomechanism is incompletely understood yet but there is convincing evidence that in at least a subset of patients ME/CFS has an autoimmune etiology.In this review, we... |
to the data mining framework remaining separate from the rest of the system.In this extension to the model, each addition, change, or deletion of a rule in the evidence base is tracked, whether the rule has been manually modified or a result of an automated data mining algorithm.The prototype of template-based provenan... | Decision support systems are used as a method of promoting consistent guideline-based diagnosis supporting clinical reasoning at point of care.However, despite the availability of numerous commercial products, the wider acceptance of these systems has been hampered by concerns about diagnostic performance and a perceiv... |
the ζ-potential of heat-treated powders can be discussed more thoroughly.Fig. 11 presents the ζ-potential of powders heat-treated in argon at 450 °C for 60 mins alongside the as-received data for comparison.The purpose of this was to breakdown any residual polymers on the surface and reveal the ζ-potential of an uncont... | The zeta (ζ) potential of moderately concentrated (at 15 vol%) boron carbide (B4C) suspensions were characterised using electroacoustic spectroscopy.This technique has been validated for use in this application by correlating the ζ-potential to the suspension viscosity (at 30 vol%) across a range of pH values.Zeta pote... |
critical metals were generated from publically available data by a newly-developed network metrics methodology.Network metrics were assessed for these platforms and provided information about product complexity, number of producers, average and maximum distance of a product platform to all other supply chain actors, an... | Modern technology makes use of a variety of materials to allow for its proper functioning.To explore in detail the relationships connecting materials to the products that require them, we map supply chains for five product platforms (a cadmium telluride solar cell, a germanium solar cell, a turbine blade, a lead acid b... |
DG lattice is related to the size of its constituent cells.In general, specimens with 9 mm cells, which had only 2 repeating cells in each orthogonal direction, exhibited very different crushing behaviour than those with 3 mm cells, which had 6 cells in each direction.Because of their favourable deformation behaviour c... | Lattice structures are excellent candidates for lightweight, energy absorbing applications such as personal protective equipment.In this paper we explore several important aspects of lattice design and production by metal additive manufacturing, including the choice of cell size and the application of a post-manufactur... |
success of the supply chain and thus become further empowered as agents in the creation of successful supply chains.The remaining subjective element on which the buyer must pass judgement are with regards to the importance of each stakeholder group.The accuracy of stakeholder importance weightings can impact on the ove... | Integrated supplier selection and order allocation is an important decision for both designing and operating supply chains.This decision is often influenced by the concerned stakeholders, suppliers, plant operators and customers in different tiers.As firms continue to seek competitive advantage through supply chain des... |
Abstract reasoning, particularly in the visual domain, is a complex human ability, but it remains a challenging problem for artificial neural learning systems.In this work we propose MXGNet, a multilayer graph neural network for multi-panel diagrammatic reasoning tasks.MXGNet combines three powerful concepts, namely, o... | MXGNet is a multilayer, multiplex graph based architecture which achieves good performance on various diagrammatic reasoning tasks. |
This proteomics dataset comprise LC-MS/MS raw files obtained from bottom-up MS analysis of histone H3 and H4 isolated using different procedures from mouse and human tissues, which were either stored as frozen samples or formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded.The dataset also includes the output files of the database sea... | The data described here provide a mass spectrometry-based quantitative analysis of hPTMs from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues, from which histones were extracted through the recently developed PAT-H-MS method.First, we analyzed FFPE samples from mouse spleen and liver or human breast cancer up to six ye... |
50 mM NH4HCO3 at 37 °C, in order to obtain an “Arg-C like” in-gel digestion.Digested peptides were extracted using 5% formic acid alternated with ACN 100%.In SILAC experimental set-ups, unlabeled and heavy-labeled histones were mixed in equal amounts prior to gel separation, and then processed as described above.Digest... | Aberrant histone post-translational modifications (hPTMs) have been implicated with various pathologies, including cancer, and may represent useful epigenetic biomarkers.We then combined the PAT-H-MS approach with a histone-focused version of the super-SILAC strategy-using a mix of histones from four breast cancer cell... |
The UK National Ecosystem Assessment defined cultural ecosystem services as environmental settings or spaces that enhance human wellbeing through activities, capacities, identities and experiences.One of the key aspirations of the ecosystem services research community is to improve environmental decision making by prov... | UK Governments are currently establishing a network of marine protected areas (MPAs) informed by ecological data and socio-economic evidence.Evidence on CES values is needed, but only limited data have been available.The case study is an innovative combination of a travel-cost based choice experiment and an attribute-b... |
to offshore sites.Site access by boat is considerably more expensive and increases further when boats are chartered.Opportunity cost associated with travel time was also not included.Therefore, outcomes of the model are likely to be a conservative estimate.Comparing our results with other angling or diving studies is n... | Recreational users appreciate the UK marine environment for its cultural ecosystem services (CES) and their use and non-use values.An understanding of key stakeholders' CES values can inform a more holistic and sustainable approach to marine management, especially for decisions involving trade-offs between marine prote... |
Model-free deep reinforcement learning algorithms have been demonstrated on a range of challenging decision making and control tasks.However, these methods typically suffer from two major challenges: very high sample complexity and brittle convergence properties, which necessitate meticulous hyperparameter tuning.Both ... | We propose soft actor-critic, an off-policy actor-critic deep RL algorithm based on the maximum entropy reinforcement learning framework. |
analyses.Furthermore, the data were collected using a questionnaire, which is subject to bias.Finally, as this is a cross sectional study, no statements can be made on causality in the found relationships.Although research on specific measures to reduce this risk of a lower compliance to the MVPA guideline and/or incre... | Car ownership is associated with less frequent active transport and less PA. For business car ownership this relation is unknown.From October 2011 to September 2012 questions about use and availability of cars in the household were included in the survey Injuries and Physical Activity in the Netherlands.Multiple linear... |
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma is the most prevalent, aggressive type of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.1–3,While chemo-immunotherapy improved outcome for advanced NHLs, a significant percentage of patients ultimately develops the progressive disease.4,The STAT3 transcription factor is frequently activated in NHL, regulating ce... | Growing evidence links the aggressiveness of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, especially the activated B cell-like type diffuse large B cell lymphomas (ABC-DLBCLs) to Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9)/MyD88 and STAT3 transcription factor signaling.Here, we describe a dual-function molecule consisting of a clinically relevant TLR9 ago... |
and their targets, as well as proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and their receptors by CpG-STAT3dODN-treated lymphoma cells.In immunodeficient NSG mice, these proinflammatory mediators of human origin could have only limited effect on innate, but not on adaptive, antitumor immunity.Nevertheless, these results su... | Moreover, systemic CpG-STAT3dODN administration induced complete regression of the syngeneic A20 lymphoma, resulting in long-term survival of immunocompetent mice.Both TLR9 stimulation and concurrent STAT3 inhibition were critical for immune-mediated therapeutic effects, since neither CpG7909 alone nor CpG7909 co-injec... |
cell-based approaches, offers a novel strategy for safer and more effective immunotherapy of BCL and, potentially, other hematologic malignancies.PBMCs from anonymous healthy donors were collected in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki under the institutional review board protocol 13378.19,Cell viability was >9... | describe a synthetic oligonucleotide-based strategy for therapy of disseminated B cell lymphomas. |
been improved significantly, more attention must be paid to the engineering of interfaces such as semiconductor/metal and semiconductor/insulator.How to realize efficient carrier injection from metal electrodes to semiconductors, and how to reduce trap states at the semiconductor/insulator interfaces still remain open ... | This article reports on the recent progress in the research and development of flexible and printed organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) devices, including organic materials, fabrication processes, electronic devices, and integrated circuits, and highlights their application to healthcare sensors.The fabrication process... |
consisted of a rapid ramp to the desired setpoint and a 30s dwell-time.The lamps were then turned off and the sample allowed to cool to room temperature naturally.Once the optimum setpoint had been determined, a second sample was treated at this temperature.The electrical performance of CdTe device was measured before ... | Copper is commonly used to lower the back contact barrier in CdTe solar cells, but an excessive amount of copper diffusing through the cell is harmful for the device performance and stability.In this work a copper-doped ZnTe (ZnTe:Cu) buffer layer was incorporated in between CdTe and gold metal contact by high-rate pul... |
was indeed validated by studying various genotypes of maize.Maize ‘FL’ genotypes with few but long LRs performed better under low-N than ‘MS’ genotypes with many but short LRs .LR density was found to be negatively correlated with the root depth which was positively correlated with plant N content, shoot growth and gra... | The spatial arrangement of the plant root system (root system architecture, RSA) is very sensitive to edaphic and endogenous signals that report on the nutrient status of soil and plant.Signalling pathways underpinning RSA responses to individual nutrients, particularly nitrate and phosphate, have been unravelled.RSA i... |
The data of this study were collected from an animal in vivo study aiming at quantitative assessment of epileptogenesis in a rapid kindling model in rats .Considering the unique features of EEG for seizure prediction , these data present the raw data of spectral analyses of the field potentials recorded during the prog... | The data represented here are in relation with the manuscript “Quantitative assessments of extracellular EEG to classify specific features of main phases of seizure acquisition based on kindling model in Rat” (Jalilifar et al., 2017) [1] which quantitatively classified different main stages of the kindling process base... |
other constituents of buffer solution and due to other environmental factors .This experimental study investigates the decay pattern of insulin in Hepes buffer solution on diluting up to 35 pM concentration.Experimental measurement were spread over three days.On comparing the results for each day it is observed that on... | Bio-molecule when isolated from its natural ecological condition is subjected to rapid decay.This decay leads to change in polarization and permittivity of molecule.This study presents an experimental analysis of the decay pattern of pM concentration of insulin using whispering gallery mode (WGM) dielectric resonator (... |
.More specifically, by incorporating RNA modules into the gRNA molecules, researcher can now locate specific protein complexes, catalytic RNAs or aptamers to target genes.The vast majority of lncRNAs exhibit a nuclear-specific localization .Recent evidences point towards a role for these molecules in nuclear architectu... | Long non-coding RNAs constitute the major transcriptional output of human genome.They are conveniently defined as RNA molecules longer than 200 nucleotides and not encoding proteins.Recent studies have highlighted the central role played by these transcripts in several physiological and pathological processes.Here we h... |
commitment, and cognitive complexity."Sixth, we used a modified version of Chung and Ding's Sales Locus of Control Scale. "The adapted Chung and Ding scale, which is in turn based on Levenson's Locus of Control Scale, needs further empirical validation in the CEO context.While our adapted scale was well received by the... | Despite the possibility of burnout resulting from dynamics in firms' upper echelons, little if any work has focused on chief executive officer's (CEO's) burnout and firm performance.Drawing on managerial discretion theory, this article analyzes the influence of CEO burnout on firm performance and the moderating roles o... |
been reported to strongly influence the binding of neutralising antigenic site 2 mAbs in serotype O FMDV .Similarly VP2 191 has been recently shown to be linked to serotype O and A antigenic site 2 using a reverse genetics approach .VP1 45 involving antigenic site 3 and VP1 137–141, 197 involving antigenic site 1 have ... | Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in Eastern Africa with circulation of multiple serotypes of the virus in the region.Most of the outbreaks are caused by serotype O followed by serotype A.The lack of concerted FMD control programmes in Africa has provided little incentive for vaccine producers to select vaccines ... |
a holistic simulation of the energy and resource use within a factory.Based on the literature reviewed Table 5.2 illustrates the following;,There is currently no evidence in the reviewed literature of any of the software tools considered having the functionality to model across all production facility layers and link t... | Manufacturing is a competitive global market and efforts to mitigate climate change are at the forefront of public perception.Current trends in manufacturing aim to reduce costs and increase sustainability without negatively affecting the yield of finished products, thus maintaining or improving profits.Effective use o... |
Point clouds, as a form of Lagrangian representation, allow for powerful and flexible applications in a large number of computational disciplines.We propose a novel deep-learning method to learn stable and temporally coherent feature spaces for points clouds that change over time.We identify a set of inherent problems ... | We propose a generative neural network approach for temporally coherent point clouds. |
of a rule in their sequential order.To gain better insights into the rules distribution in relation to their occurrence and length, KAMAS provides two different histograms, each combined with a range slider which can be used as filtering option.R2 Visual representation: In general, the decision for an interface similar... | IT-security experts engage in behavior-based malware analysis in order to learn about previously unknown samples of malicious software (malware) or malware families.For this, they need to find and categorize suspicious patterns from large collections of execution traces.Currently available systems do not meet the analy... |
adjuvant effect when measuring anti-TTCF specific antibodies.This also suggests the oligomerisation domain of hC4BP does not provide CD4+ T cell help for any anti-TTCF B cells in the mouse.Furthermore, no advantage of oligo-antigen valency over monomeric antigen was realized, although this was likely compounded by the ... | The use of C3d, the final degradation product of complement protein C3, as a “natural” adjuvant has been widely examined since the initial documentation of its immunogenicity-enhancing properties as a consequence of binding to complement receptor 2.Subsequently it was demonstrated that these effects are most evident wh... |
that are more relevant to vegetation dynamics, land-atmosphere interaction, and energy utilization processes.Regardless of the lumped nature of calibration, we found that the M3 noticeably increased the accuracy of SWAT’s ET simulation compared to M1 and M2.This configuration also resulted in improved streamflow simula... | A hydrologic model, calibrated using only streamflow data, can produce acceptable streamflow simulation at the watershed outlet yet unrealistic representations of water balance across the landscape.Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of multi-objective calibration using remotely sensed evapotranspiration (ET... |
way.Based on QNP staff and community leaders, the mobility of the populations inside of the QNP, associated to the discovery of new lands, created opportunities for deforestation and slaughter of animal species through the hunting of medium-sized animals for commerce and food.According to the results presented, the cla... | The results show that the overall map classification obtained was between very good and excellent: 1979 - Kappa 71.84%, Overall Accuracy 86.55%; 1989 - Kappa 83.49%, Overall Accuracy 93.01%; 1999 - Kappa 85.03%, Overall Accuracy 90.07%; 2009 - Kappa 79.57%, Overall Accuracy 86.42%; 2017 - Kappa 80.24%, Overall Accuracy... |
II should be the responsibility of the government.While level III should be fully managed by local communities.Government action will serve to regulate processes and oversee the programs and policies implementation.According to the objectives and methodology proposed, this research provided a historical analysis of lan... | National parks are established with the aim of guaranteeing and protecting natural biodiversity and ecosystems, in a multi-level and integrated approach.The Quirimbas National Park (QNP) has been suffering from severe and constant threats originating from different sources and changes in land use and land cover.These c... |
earthquake, with maximum power between 4 and 5 mHz, and the second around 0.90 h with maximum power at a slightly lower frequency of about 3 mHz.These components of the signal are present in the UA plus SMF source, where the simulation produces the two distinct high-frequency peaks, with localization in both time and f... | Many studies have modeled the Tohoku tsunami of March 11, 2011 as being due entirely to slip on an earthquake fault, but the following discrepancies suggest that further research is warranted.(1) Published models of tsunami propagation and coastal impact underpredict the observed runup heights of up to 40. m measured a... |
Samples were collected within the Russian Arctic and sub-Arctic territories and the locations are indicated in Fig. 1.Fish species were selected with the guidance of a food-intake questionnaire administered during May 2017 to July 2018.Details about the average quantities of fish species consumed based on the questionn... | The raw concentration data for the research article entitled “Essential and non-essential trace elements in fish consumed by indigenous peoples of the European Russian Arctic” (Sobolev et al., 2019) [1] are herein presented.Fifteen fish species were collected in the Nenets Autonomous and Arkhangelsk Regions of the Russ... |
Diabetes is an important cause of mortality, morbidity, and health-system costs in the world.1,2,Therefore, there is an urgent need to implement population-based interventions that prevent diabetes, enhance its early detection, and use lifestyle and pharmacological interventions to prevent or delay its progression to c... | INTERPRETATION: Since 1980, age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adults has increased, or at best remained unchanged, in every country.METHODS: We pooled data from population-based studies that had collected data on diabetes through measurement of its biomarkers.FUNDING: Wellcome Trust.BACKGROUND: One of the global ... |
372 000 participants aged 18 years or older.The studies covered 146 of the 200 countries and territories for which estimates were made."These 146 countries contained 90% of the world's adult population in 2014.Regionally, the average number of data sources per country ranged from less than one in central Africa to 24 i... | Global age-standardised diabetes prevalence increased from 4.3% (95% credible interval 2.4-7.0) in 1980 to 9.0% (7.2-11.1) in 2014 in men, and from 5.0% (2.9-7.9) to 7.9% (6.4-9.7) in women.The number of adults with diabetes in the world increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014 (28.5% due to the rise i... |
had good predictive accuracy.The share of studies that used a portable device for measuring diabetes biomarkers has increased over time.We do not expect the rise in the use of portable devices to affect the estimated levels and trends because their higher use in population-based research is partly due to increasing sim... | If post-2000 trends continue, the probability of meeting the global target of halting the rise in the prevalence of diabetes by 2025 at the 2010 level worldwide is lower than 1% for men and is 1% for women.Together with population growth and ageing, this rise has led to a near quadrupling of the number of adults with d... |
carried out on the 3 clusters showing increased activation for the contrast moving versus static stimuli in the within-group comparison in both groups.While 2 of the 3 ROIs from the within-group comparison showed an increased response to moving stimuli, neither the clusters located in the right middle occipital gyrus n... | This functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated the neural correlates of low-level radial motion processing and biological motion processing in 19 healthy older adults (age range 62–78 years) and in 19 younger adults (age range 20–30 years).Whole-brain comparisons showed increased temporal and fron... |
of increased extrastriate body area sensitivity, as well as of the FFA sensitivity being driven by an overlap of FFA and the fusiform body area.Alternatively, future studies could strive to develop a localizer contrasting point-light walkers with face and/or body stimuli to identify areas which are particularly sensiti... | Behavioral studies have found a striking decline in the processing of low-level motion in healthy aging whereas the processing of more relevant and familiar biological motion is relatively preserved.Brain regions related to both types of motion stimuli were evaluated and the magnitude and time courses of activation in ... |
from simulation runs with different combinations of parameter estimates need to be compared to real data.Yet, the number of simulation runs required for such an analysis increases exponentially with the number of parameters; hence, calibration remains a modelling process that is often neglected, but which should be inc... | The current anthropogenic impacts on nature necessitate more research for nature conservation and restoration purposes.To answer ecological and conservation questions concerning endangered species, individual-based modelling is an obvious choice.Individual-based models can provide reliable results that may be used to p... |
The AS04-adjuvanted human papillomavirus HPV-16/18 vaccine, was first authorized in 2007 and is now licensed in more than 130 countries.The vaccine is indicated from 9 years of age for the prevention of premalignant cervical lesions and cervical cancer causally related to certain oncogenic HPV types.The target populati... | Exposure was defined as vaccination with AS04-HPV-16/18 within 60 days before the estimated conception date and delivery.These registry data complement other data from clinical trials and post-marketing surveillance showing no evidence that vaccination with AS04-HPV-16/18 during the defined exposure period (within 60 d... |
had structural anomalies and two had non-structural defects.The nine minor structural defects affected multiple organs and included benign conditions that are usually self-limiting or require no treatment.The rate of ankyloglossia is within the reported range in an unexposed population of 0.02–4.8% .In seven out of the... | Objective: To assess pregnancy outcomes after exposure to AS04-HPV-16/18 vaccine (Cervarix, GSK, Belgium) prior to, or during pregnancy, as reported to a pregnancy registry.Methods: A pregnancy exposure registry was established to collect data in the United Kingdom and the United States.Reporting was voluntary.There wa... |
efficiencies are displayed in Fig. 6a.The coulombic efficiency remains constant around 82% over the cycling test as well as the voltage efficiency which is one of the highest reported , and ascribed to the fast kinetics and remarkable low overpotentials exhibited by the battery.On account of this, the averaged energy e... | Redox Flow Batteries (RFB) stand out as a promising energy storage technology to mitigate the irregular energy generation from renewable sources.Recently, we presented a revolutionary Membrane-Free Battery based on organic aqueous/nonaqueous immiscible electrolytes that eludes both separators and vanadium compounds.Her... |
Intensive insulin therapy is the standard of care in the management of type 1 diabetes.1,Although modern insulin therapy has led to a reduction in the frequency of severe hypoglycaemic events,2 tight glycaemic control remains a predisposing factor to hypoglycaemia and its effect is amplified by duration of the disease.... | We aimed to investigate whether day-and-night hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery can improve glucose control while alleviating the risk of hypoglycaemia in adults with HbA1c below 7.5% (58 mmol/mol).Interpretation Use of day-and-night hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery under unsupervised, free-living conditions for 4... |
might have increased the participants' device burden and negatively affected some aspects of user feedback.The heterogeneity of sensor use in the control period might have confounded the reported glycaemic outcomes.However, the individualised therapy approaches used in the control period reflect present clinical strate... | Methods In this open-label, randomised, crossover study, we recruited adults (aged ≥18 years) with type 1 diabetes and HbA1c below 7.5% from Addenbrooke's Hospital (Cambridge, UK) and Medical University of Graz (Graz, Austria).After a 2–4 week run-in period, participants were randomly assigned (1:1), using web-based ra... |
the control period, day-and-night closed-loop insulin delivery reduced the proportion of time with glucose concentration below 3·9 mmol/L by 50%, below 3·5 mmol/L by 65%, below 3·3 mmol/L by 70%, and below 2·8 mmol/L by 76%, as well as the burden of hypoglycaemia by 73%.Closed-loop insulin delivery also reduced the num... | Background Tight control of blood glucose concentration in people with type 1 diabetes predisposes to hypoglycaemia.During the closed-loop period, a model-predictive control algorithm directed insulin delivery, and prandial insulin delivery was calculated with a standard bolus wizard.The primary outcome was the proport... |
We propose a new form of an autoencoding model which incorporates the best properties of variational autoencoders and generative adversarial networks.It is known that GAN can produce very realistic samples while VAE does not suffer from mode collapsing problem.Our model optimizes λ-Jeffreys divergence between the model... | We propose a new form of an autoencoding model which incorporates the best properties of variational autoencoders (VAE) and generative adversarial networks (GAN) |
therefore likely due to marsh development confining the channel, then periods of more active currents, storm induced waves, boat wakes and relative sea-level rise disturb this equilibrium, resulting in the outer margin becoming undercut and retreating through beam failure.Of the overall Spartina cover found by GIS anal... | A difference was found between marshes in upper and lower estuary.Surface topography of Type-1 marshes of the upper estuary was found to be independent of the pre-Spartina surface morphology, with deeper vertical development and exhibiting a flat to slightly concave upper marsh, a convex ridge in the outer mid marsh, a... |
type, agro-ecological zones and population density.Long term fallowing was found to be associated with recovery of soil fertility with improvement in Phosphorus, Total Nitrogen, Sodium, Magnesium, Organic Carbon and Reactive Carbon.A novel finding that can be relevant for the densely populated areas which are constantl... | The current study seeks to assess sustainability of agricultural land use by identifying the effect of land use change on soil quality using cross-sectional data collected through a household survey among 525 farm households in densely populated areas of Kenya.Soil samples were collected, analyzed and compared across t... |
using predictive computer models.All members of the mixture contain a glucopyranoside ring, with four polyethoxylate chains of differing lengths branching from the ring structure.Low molecular weight components of the mixture are expected to be readily biodegradable.However, when all four branches include two or more O... | Personal care products (PCPs) are used globally wherever there is human activity, and are typically emitted to the environment in wastewater under normal use.Regulators and scientists have thus begun focusing on PCPs as a potential water quality concern.PCP manufacturers are increasingly motivated to leverage available... |
the geometries seen in the Achnashellach Culmination if only a single fault was active at any given time.Alternative valid models might be identified that result from even more complex thrusting sequences.As mentioned previously, simultaneous movement on a pair of ramp-flat faults could result in complex geometries see... | Many thrust systems, including parts of the Moine Thrust Belt, are commonly interpreted as rather simple imbricate fans, splaying from a master detachment (floor thrust) at depth.We use field observations and geological map data to construct cross-sections through the Achnashellach Culmination, southern Moine Thrust Be... |
Cleaning is one of the methods at the disposal of domestic cooks for curtailing the dispersal of micro-organisms in varying processes of managing and preparing food at home.Domestic cleaning must be understood as a multi-facetted practice that is stimulated by a range of priorities and concerns, involving a complexity ... | Cleaning is a method at the disposal of domestic cooks for curtailing the dispersal of foodborne pathogens in the process of preparing food.The social science research included analysis of a consumer survey in 10 European countries where 9966 respondents were asked about motivations for cleaning in the kitchen.This pap... |
of scores for the three soil samples.The number of positive differences and differences of zero or less was counted for groups using the pivot table function."Fisher's exact test was used to calculate the statistical significance of differences between groups of consumers and material types.For the consumer tests with ... | Secondly, 15 Norwegian consumers tested if they could visually detect different types of food soils, as these dried on kitchen surfaces.Cleaning food preparation surfaces “after food preparation” (73%), “before preparing food” (53%) and “when they are dirty” (43%) were the three most common self-reported behaviours.Rou... |
levels to cause a food safety threat from dried poultry and lettuce soils.Therefore, cleaning motivated by stickiness/visible dirt may reduce risk of foodborne infection, but should be combined with a habit of cleaning before and after preparing food.Although the presence of bacteria in itself is not necessarily a heal... | The observation of visible dirt/soil ‘in the wrong place’ operates as one of the stimuli for action.This paper makes a transdisciplinary contribution to understandings of cleaning as a practice for ensuring safety in the kitchen, and it is mainly focused on the (in)visibility of soil or dirt.Finally, the survival of Ca... |
Infections caused by multidrug resistant bacteria are currently an important problem worldwide.Taking into account data recently published by the WHO, lower respiratory infections are the third cause of death in the world with around 3.2 million deaths per year, this number being higher compared to that related to AIDS... | Abstract The treatment of some infectious diseases can currently be very challenging since the spread of multi-, extended- or pan-resistant bacteria has considerably increased over time.On the other hand, the number of new antibiotics approved by the FDA has decreased drastically over the last 30 years.The main objecti... |
obtaining an extra positive charge by the addition of an ethylamine moiety to the amide at the C-terminal of mastoparan and retro-mastoparan sequences.The modifications at the N-terminal were performed by acetylating the free amine group, in which the action of the enzymes present in the serum diminished by the generat... | Mastoparan analogues (guanidilated at the N-terminal, enantiomeric version and mastoparan with an extra positive charge at the Cterminal) showed the same activity against Acinetobacter baumannii as the original peptide (2.7 mM) and maintained their stability to more than 24 h in the presence of human serum compared to ... |
other two peptides were synthesized using 1,2-diamino-ethane trityl resin from Novabiochem.The coupling reagents used were: 2--1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate from Albatros Chem, Inc.; Trifluoroacetic acid was from Scharlab S.L.Piperidine, dimethylformamide, dichloromethane and acetonitrile were from SDS; N,... | Thus, 10 derivatives of mastoparan were synthetized. |
FIB damage would be existent, a change in slope of the J-Δa curve at around that crack extension would be evident.Furthermore, Wurster et al. compared naturally cracked specimen with FIB notched specimen and found no distinguishable difference in fracture toughness.Thus, no or only minor influence of FIB damage on the ... | Measuring the local behaviour of a propagating crack in a quantitative manner has always been a challenge in the field of fracture mechanics.In-situ microcantilever testing inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM) is one of the most promising techniques for the investigation thereof.Here, for the first time we utili... |
and now.20,It also further reveals the cultural mechanisms behind processes of medicalization that promote ecologies of invisibility and silence in medical practice.21,In this paper we draw on historical and sociological understandings of gender as a category of analysis to situate these two populations in context and ... | This essay uses gender as a category of historical and sociological analysis to situate two populations—boxers and victims of domestic violence—in context and explain the temporal and ontological discrepancies between them as potential brain injury patients.Symptoms prior to that period were often cast as functional in... |
works on intimate partner violence appeared in the late 1990s as unpublished dissertations.83,Published studies with pilot data began appearing in the early 2000s, with reviews from 2011 onward beginning to call attention to the absence of data on brain injury in populations with histories of intimate partner violence.... | In boxing, the question of brain injury and its sequelae were analyzed from 1928 on, often on profoundly somatic grounds.With domestic violence, in contrast, the question of brain injury and its sequelae appear to have been first examined only after 1990.We examine this chronological and epistemological disconnection b... |
disassembly/pruning .Under normal physiological conditions, both pathways likely act in a highly regulated and coordinated manner to achieve appropriate levels of synaptic plasticity and normal cognitive functioning.Abnormal levels of Aβ result in cognitive impairment and memory deficits by disrupting these processes.O... | Introduction: Synapse loss is the structural correlate of the cognitive decline indicative of dementia.In the brains of Alzheimer's disease sufferers, amyloid β (Aβ) peptides aggregate to form senile plaques but as soluble peptides are toxic to synapses.Methods: We compared the effects of Aβ and of Dkk1 on synapse morp... |
study—using sugar, polymers, and surfactants as excipients—were based on PATH's prior experience in developing FDTs for vaccines.14,15",Because the targeted levels of the combined drugs per tablet dose was high, the 2 major criteria for down selection were drug-loading levels, based on analytical recovery, and physical... | Current presentations of the anti-HIV drugs lopinavir and ritonavir make appropriate dosing for children difficult.We conducted a feasibility study to develop a formulation for these drugs with child-safe excipients in a flexible dosage form for children across the pediatric age spectrum.The freeze-drying in blister ap... |
the logic of influence on the result is less straightforward than in committees and the outcomes are more uncertain.Government- and especially market-based standardisation are therefore likely to become relatively more important in a multi-mode standardisation process if actors are willing and able to spend the necessa... | Standardisation is key to shaping new technologies and supporting major ongoing trends, such as the increased importance of platforms, developing ‘smart’ technologies and innovating large-scale complex systems.Standardisation plays a key role in shaping the rules that govern these developments and their effects on soci... |
Inhibition of automatic motor actions in favor of more complex voluntary behavior in a demanding situation is a hallmark of executive functions for humans."This ability can be impaired in different neurological conditions such as Huntington's disease, which is characterized by purposeless, involuntary and choreic movem... | The ability to inhibit automatic versus voluntary saccade commands in demanding situations can be impaired in neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington's disease (HD).These deficits could result from disruptions in the interaction between basal ganglia and the saccade control system.To investigate voluntary oculomo... |
the therapeutic effect of pallidotomy in hyperkinetic disorders and from imaging studies showing correlations between executive-motor deficits and premotor, sensorimotor, thalamic, substantia nigra and pallidal atrophy in HD.Our imaging results showed that anti-saccade errors were related to cortico-basal ganglia circu... | However, some studies have proposed that damage outside the indirect-pathway also contribute to executive and saccade deficits.HD patients had voluntary saccade inhibition control deficits, including increased regular-latency anti-saccade errors and increased anticipatory saccades.These deficits correlated with white-m... |
Educational qualifications and trajectories of employment, income and health across the life course are all importantly influenced by academic achievement in childhood.There are large socio-economic inequalities in academic achievement throughout childhood, and these help drive the emergence of health inequalities.In a... | Socio-economic inequalities in academic achievement emerge early in life and are observed across the globe.We examined this in two nationally representative cohorts in the UK (Millennium Cohort Study, n = 11,168; 61% original cohort) and Australia (LSAC, n = 3028; 59% original cohort).An effect decomposition method was... |
Stata plug-in for the SAS procedure PROC LCA.We used a counterfactual method for decomposing two related mediating pathways.In counterfactual methods, the observed data are used to estimate the potential outcome that would have been observed had exposed individuals been unexposed, and unexposed individuals been exposed... | Risk ratios (RRs, and bootstrap 95% confidence intervals) were estimated with binary regression for each pathway of interest: the ‘direct effect’ of socio-economic disadvantage on academic achievement (not acting through self-regulation and cognitive ability in early childhood), and the ‘indirect effects’ of socio-econ... |
unmeasured confounding by school characteristics indicated that the association between self-regulation and cognitive ability would have had to have been overestimated by 30% in order for the indirect pathway to have been completely removed.A more likely bias of 5% reduced the joint indirect pathway by a minimal amount... | Cognitive ability and “non-cognitive” attributes (such as self-regulation) are the focus of many early years’ interventions.Despite this, little research has compared the contributions of early cognitive and self-regulation abilities as separate pathways to inequalities in academic achievement.Analyses were adjusted fo... |
We propose a robust Bayesian deep learning algorithm to infer complex posteriors with latent variables.Inspired by dropout, a popular tool for regularization and model ensemble, we assign sparse priors to the weights in deep neural networks in order to achieve automatic “dropout” and avoid over-fitting.By alternatively... | a robust Bayesian deep learning algorithm to infer complex posteriors with latent variables |
The CdS layer in a CdS/CdTe solar cell absorbs a portion of the solar spectra from 500 nm to lower wavelengths due to its relatively low bandgap .It is necessary to use a thin CdS layer to increase the number of photons reaching the CdTe absorber.However, this has the effect of degrading the open circuit voltage and fi... | In this study ZnO HRT layers were deposited at different substrate temperatures on soda lime glass and on fluorine-doped tin oxide-coated glass to enable structural, optical and electrical characterization.The ZnO thickness was limited to 150 nm, whilst the substrate temperature was varied from 20 °C to 400 °C during d... |
slightly lower 2Θ angles in comparison with the reference peaks.This can be attributed to the influence of the fluorine doped tin–oxide coated superstrate on the ZnO growth.The FTO crystal structure mismatch with ZnO may force the film to grow in a different way than on bare glass.The peaks associated with the ZnO film... | The use of a highly resistive transparent (HRT) layer has been shown to increase the efficiency of thin film CdTe heterostructure solar cells incorporating a thin CdS layer.The performance of equivalent films was tested within CdS/CdTe solar cells.X-ray diffraction patterns and transmission electron microscopy of the c... |
together were better than BA alone for callus regenerability when the medium B1I1C1 was compared with B2C1.Additional ingredients in regeneration medium have a significant impact on regenerability.l-Asparagine and l-proline fostered significant improvement in the number of shoots on B2C1AP as compared to that on B2C1.P... | Sorghum tissue culture has been challenged by three predominant obstacles for decades, namely toxic pigments (phenolics), low regeneration frequencies and short duration of callus regenerability.Here, we report a robust tissue culture system for sorghum, which has minimized these major impediments.To optimize media, di... |
antitumor protein should be expressed selectively at the tumor site, as demonstrated in this study.Since bacteria administered intravenously initially localize to reticuloendothelial organs,8,9 the protein drugs should be expressed only when the bacteria have cleared reticuloendothelial organs and accumulated exclusive... | Bacteria can be engineered to deliver anticancer proteins to tumors via a controlled expression system that maximizes the concentration of the therapeutic agent in the tumor.L-asparaginase (L-ASNase), which primarily converts asparagine to aspartate, is an anticancer protein used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia.I... |
Foodstuff, feed and agricultural samples were randomly collected from different sources, including local and imported materials from the Syrian local market to screen them for detecting the presence of GMOs using PCR, nested PCR- and multiplex PCR-based techniques using specific primers for the most commonly used forei... | Food and feed samples were randomly collected from different sources, including local and imported materials from the Syrian local market.These included maize, barley, soybean, fresh food samples and raw material.GMO detection was conducted by PCR and nested PCR-based techniques using specific primers for the most used... |
at 118 bp was found in the positive control, in Soybean samples tested and in Maize samples tested, which means that these samples are genetically modified, whereas no visible band at the expected size was shown in the other samples, which means that these samples are not genetically modified using this terminator.Afte... | While, tests showed negative results for the local samples.Also, tests revealed existence of GMOs in two imported maize samples detecting the presence of 35S promoter and nos terminator.Nested PCR results using two sets of primers confirmed our data.The methods applied in the brief data are based on DNA analysis by Pol... |
assessed for infeasible ATP production.Using boundary conditions that mimic the in vitro medium, we optimized flux through an ATP demand reaction, and found that all GENREs for all strains generated between 0.5 and 1.9 mmol ATP/.Normalizing this value by the uptake of lactose, which was 0.22 mmol/ for all strains, give... | The diversity and number of species present within microbial communities create the potential for a multitude of interspecies metabolic interactions.Here, we develop, apply, and experimentally test a framework for inferring metabolic mechanisms associated with interspecies interactions.We perform pairwise growth and me... |
In Germany, Industry 4.0 is the term for the next industrial revolution .In the United States, General Electric is promoting a similar idea under the name of the Industrial Internet.In China, the central government has established the Made in China 2025 initiative for future industry.All these ambitious plans indicate ... | The Made in China 2025 initiative will require full automation in all sectors, from customers to production.This will result in great challenges to manufacturing systems in all sectors.In the future of manufacturing, all devices and systems should have sensing and basic intelligence capabilities for control and adaptat... |
sufficient sensors appropriately in order to collect data from the physical process.If everything can be measured and connected, physical uncertainty can be minimized.Once data is obtained, it should be converted into useful information for higher level analysis and processing.Many mature modeling and learning methods ... | In this study, after discussing multiscale dynamics of the modern manufacturing system, a five-layer functional structure is proposed for uncertainties processing.Control action will differ at different scales, with more design being required at both fast and slow time scales.More quantitative action is required in low... |
drive the needle, thus pushing the adhesive out of the chamber and onto the substrate.This is a multiscale complex process, as shown in Fig. 7.A single droplet can be jetted out of the chamber in milliseconds, and several thousand droplets can be jetted within a dozen minutes.Highly consistent droplets are required for... | These capabilities will require the control action to be distributed and integrated with different approaches, including smart sensing, optimal design, and intelligent learning.Finally, a typical jet dispensing system is taken as a real-world example for multiscale modeling and control. |
the risk mitigation benefits of terracing with the yield reduction in years with adequate rainfall.In drought-prone areas, the practice should be promoted as a way to increase farmer’s adaptive capacity.This study is not without limitations.An obvious concern is that propensity matching is able to control observable ch... | While the benefits of soil water management practices relative to soil erosion have been extensively documented, evidence regarding their effect on yields is inconclusive.Following a strong El-Niño, some regions of Ethiopia experienced major droughts during the 2015/16 agricultural season.Using the propensity scores me... |
chronic stress alters the responsiveness of 5-HT1A.Environmental enrichment which reverses programmed affective and cognitive behaviors promotes increased expression of Htr1a.This system which underpins depressive-like phenotypes appears particularly sensitive to glucocorticoid programming directly in the fetal brain.T... | Stress or elevated glucocorticoids during sensitive windows of fetal development increase the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders in adult rodents and humans, a phenomenon known as glucocorticoid programming.11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2), which catalyses rapid inactivation of glucocorticoids in the ... |
K-feldspar recovery, the overall K-feldspar losses may be due to the dissolution of K from the microcline surface during the acid conditioning of the mica flotation, and/or due to the desorption of fluorine-amine complexes, dodecylamine molecule precipitation and/or dissolution of K during alkaline conditioning in the ... | In this study, a selective flotation process for the separation of K-feldspar from Na-feldspar was developed for the beneficiation of a Norwegian microcline-quartz pegmatite sample.The K-feldspar flotation was performed in alkaline environment (pH 10.5–11.6) with only the addition of NaOH as a modifier and non-ionic Br... |
when it was sailing to Chongqing from Nanjing along the Yangtze River.A total of 442 lives were taken, among 454 passengers and crewmembers.No direct wind observations were available due to sparse surface observation stations.The present reported work attempted to reveal the weather phenomena during the event and estim... | Based on observational analyses and on-site ground and aerial damage surveys, this work aims to reveal the weather phenomena—especially the wind situation—when Oriental Star capsized in the Yangtze River on June 1, 2015.Results demonstrate that the cruise ship capsized when it encountered strong winds at speeds of at l... |
the sensitivity of our measurements.Inferior frontal areas have been implicated in semantic processing by some authors.Nonetheless, these areas are more frequently associated with phonological and syntactic processing as well as response selection.Furthermore, our Fig. 3 shows that IFG produced the least amount of over... | Activation in sensorimotor areas of the brain following perception of linguistic stimuli referring to objects and actions has been interpreted as evidence for strong theories of embodied semantics.Although a large number of studies have demonstrated this "language-to-action" link, important questions about how activati... |
table, one can find demos where phantoms created without the use of *.dat files.In Fig. 1, we demonstrated some classical phantoms which exist in TomoPhantom.In Fig. 3, we show novel 2D models and in Fig. 4, 3D models, respectively.Along with the given model number in the library, we also provide its composition descri... | In the field of computerized tomographic imaging, many novel reconstruction techniques are routinely tested using simplistic numerical phantoms, e.g.These phantoms cannot sufficiently cover the broad spectrum of applications in CT imaging where, for instance, smooth or piecewise-smooth 3D objects are common.TomoPhantom... |
Electron beam selective melting is a promising additive manufacturing technology for metallic components.It is capable of manufacturing components with complex geometry, and opens up new avenues for locally manipulating chemical compositions and mechanical properties as well.For example, Yang et al. manufactured auxeti... | Electron beam selective melting (EBSM) is a promising additive manufacturing (AM) technology.The EBSM process consists of three major procedures: ① spreading a powder layer, ② preheating to slightly sinter the powder, and ③ selectively melting the powder bed.The highly transient multi-physics phenomena involved in thes... |
purpose is to slightly sinter powder particles together in order to avoid powder “smoke.,In the post-process experimental characterization, in order to investigate the mechanism of sintering, we attached the sintered powder particles to some embedding resins at 100 °C, and then employed a focused ion beam instrument to... | Preliminary simulation results (including powder particle packing within the powder bed, sintering neck formation between particles, and single-track defects) agree qualitatively with experiments, demonstrating the ability to understand the mechanisms and to guide the design and optimization of the experimental setup a... |
We build a theoretical framework for understanding practical meta-learning methods that enables the integration of sophisticated formalizations of task-similarity with the extensive literature on online convex optimization and sequential prediction algorithms in order to provide within-task performance guarantees.Our a... | Practical adaptive algorithms for gradient-based meta-learning with provable guarantees. |
The dataset of this article provides information on characterization of titanate compounds produced using hydrothermal method at different temperature with commercial TiO2 powder was used as precursor.Fig. 1 shows the FTIR spectra of TiO2 precursor and as-synthesized titanate at 100, 150, 200, 250 °C hydrothermal tempe... | Titanate compounds was synthesized using hydrothermal method at various temperature (100, 150, 200, and 250 °C) for 24 hours.As-synthesized titanate was characterized using FTIR, XRD and nitrogen gas adsorption.FTIR spectra was scanned from 4000 to 400 cm−1 using Perkin Elmer Spectrum 100 FTIR spectrophotometer.XRD dif... |
of 208 genes in 9 functional modules, and a set of genes acted as key nodes crosslinking various pathways related to the immune system and cell cycle.For instance, genes encoding TFs FOS, JUN, and CEBPB acted as crosstalk nodes in the biological processes related to apoptosis and the development of ALL.The three TFs co... | The regulatory network analyses revealed that microRNAs (e.g., miR-148a-3p and miR-375), acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, could regulate the crosstalk between the genes encoding transcription factors (TFs; e.g., JUN and FOS) and histones (e.g., HIST1H4A and HIST2H4A) involved in CD19-CAR-T therapy.These transc... |
Wuhan Union Hospital ethics committees reviewed and approved this trial.All patients enrolled and treated in this trial gave written informed consent before participation.All clinical investigations were consistent with the Declaration of Helsinki.Only patients with relapsed or refractory B-ALL after standard therapies... | Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has exhibited dramatic anti-tumor efficacy in clinical trials.The efficacy of CD19-CAR-T therapy on B-ALL was positively correlated with the abundance of CAR and immune cell subpopulations, e.g., CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, in the bone marrow.Furthermore, m... |
Magnetic resonance imaging has had an unprecedented contribution to our understanding of the brain, thanks to its ability to take extremely detailed pictures of this organ non-invasively.As our understanding of the MR signal increased, and hardware development allowed us to push the boundaries further and further, a ra... | The MRI signal is dependent upon a number of sub-voxel properties of tissue, which makes it potentially able to detect changes occurring at a scale much smaller than the image resolution.Despite the exciting promise of unique insight beyond the resolution of the acquired images, its widespread application is limited by... |
of other MR parameters, each used as a surrogate of one or more of these substrates.The unexplained, or residual, variance is then assumed to measure the tissue component which was not modelled by any of the surrogates.A few examples of successful application of linear regression can be found in the literature.Ciccarel... | The first one relies on data-driven methods, exploiting multivariate analysis tools able to capture overlapping and complementary information.The second approach, which we call “model-driven”, aims at combining parameters extracted by existing biophysical or signal models to obtain new parameters, which are believed to... |
was already modeled in HLC.In general, the cells were more susceptible to infection with increasing state of cell differentiation .Late stage differentiated HLC were able to maintain sporozoite infection and expressed sufficient levels of cytochrom P450 enzymes to enable drug metabolism of i.e. primaquine, a drug frequ... | Complex cell culture models such as microphysiological models (MPS) mimicking human liver functionality in vitro are in the spotlight as alternative to conventional cell culture and animal models.Promising techniques like microfluidic cell culture or micropatterning by 3D bioprinting are gaining increasing importance f... |
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