idx stringlengths 7 11 | premise stringlengths 8 175 | question stringclasses 2
values | choice1 stringlengths 8 213 | choice2 stringlengths 8 192 | label int64 0 1 | conceptual_explanation stringlengths 13 107 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
train-1100 | The pangolin sticks out its tongue. | cause | Karida tied up the pangolin. | Karida gave the pangolin a bowl of water. | 1 | Pangolins drink by rapidly darting out their tongue. |
train-1101 | There is a war between the two countries. | effect | The death rate of soldiers rise sharply. | Both countries have sent many missiles to the battlefield. | 1 | Missiles are used in war to destroy military targets. |
train-1102 | The pregnant women needed to be treated. | effect | Midwifes came to her. | He bought a ticket to Egypt. | 0 | Midwifes treat pregnant women. |
train-1103 | During the operation, the doctor found that his osteoclasts had ruptured. | effect | The doctor was unemployed. | Tom rolls on the bed sorely. | 1 | Osteoclasts are generally present on the outer layer of bone just beneath the periosteum. |
train-1104 | Tom needs to calculate about the quantity. | effect | He took use of stoichimetry. | He had no ideas. | 0 | Stoichiometry is the calculation of quantities in a chemical equation. |
train-1105 | The water stain was removed. | cause | My shirt was cleaned by water. | He applied toothpaste to the water stains. | 1 | Toothpaste removes water stains. |
train-1106 | Tom is a hussar. | effect | He has to avoid lobsters. | Tom is flexible on the battlefield. | 1 | Hussars are light-armoured mounted soldiers. |
train-1107 | His brain was activated to focus. | cause | Some dopamine was secreted into his body. | Tom learned something about cognition. | 0 | Dopamine is the brain's focusing agent. |
train-1108 | This limb didn't look extended at all. | cause | One of Tom's llimbs had Atrophied Muscles. | He removed the ligaments. | 0 | Muscles extend limbs. |
train-1109 | Tom's college classmates are all black. | effect | Most of them suffered from sarcoidosis. | Asian and American people both like hamburgers. | 0 | Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease which most commonly affects black young adults. |
train-1110 | Tom has eaten some anticonvulsants in advance. | effect | He has prevented the seizure activity effectively. | He had a serious stomachache after eating it. | 0 | Anticonvulsants can reduce the risk of further seizure activity. |
train-1111 | Tom is always anemic these days. | effect | The doctor said he was short of copper. | The doctor said he was deficient in iodine. | 0 | Copper is an essential trace element. |
train-1112 | He can't escape. | cause | Tom was arrested in the jail. | Tom has caught an aphid in the bottle. | 0 | Jails have locks. |
train-1113 | The readers read an unfinished chapter. | effect | They pushed the writer to finish it. | They found patterns in it. | 0 | Writers write chapters. |
train-1114 | Leukemia is the most common one. | cause | Lots of people smoking have atherosclerosis in America. | Many children suffer from malignancies. | 1 | Leukemias are the leading malignancies among children. |
train-1115 | Logan thinks Linda is sexy and wants to have sex with her. | cause | Linda and Logan are chucks. | The flower will soon wilt. | 0 | Chucks desire sex. |
train-1116 | David found that some people have lots of wrinkles and some people have few. | effect | David found that it was related to genes. | David doesn't know what wrinkles are. | 0 | Wrinkles are hereditary. |
train-1117 | It doesn't survive very well. | cause | The mother kangaroo has too much milk. | Tom put the iguana in a fluid free environment. | 1 | Iguanas need fluid. |
train-1118 | He stole their preys before they came back. | cause | The researcher saw a group of penguins. | The hungry theif came to a village of fishers. | 1 | Fishers also cache their prey coming back to eat it later. |
train-1119 | My life is threatened. | cause | Embolism has bothered me for a long time. | My father became a killer. | 0 | Embolisms can be life-threatening conditions. |
train-1120 | Her breast milk was tested to contain prazosin of small amount. | cause | The woman took in some prazosin. | My mom drank some alcohol. | 0 | Prazosin passes into breast milk in small amounts. |
train-1121 | They found that there was refraction. | cause | Farmers always burn stalks. | Scientists make waves travel atdifferent velocities in different media. | 1 | Refraction occurs because waves travel at different velocities in different media. |
train-1122 | Eric said this building has a majestic appearance. | cause | The building which was accomplished five years ago has a strong base. | Eric carefully checked the properties of this building. | 1 | Properties include appearances. |
train-1123 | I saw some mayfly larvae in the water. | effect | The quality of scanned photos was not optimzied normally. | When they hatch, they deform and fly out of the water. | 1 | Mayflies are adults after they hatch. |
train-1124 | Hence the king on that horse was defeated in the war. | cause | The horseshoe was missing a nail. | There was a serious war in this country many years ago. | 0 | Flaws lead to incidents. |
train-1125 | It has strong Soundness. | cause | The soap I made contained Myrrh. | The overall visual grain quality of this product meets the standard. | 1 | Soundness refers to overall visual grain quality. |
train-1126 | No one wants to be friends with him. | cause | Jack is a refined egoist. | Tom is always bullying the other children. | 0 | Egotism feels secret pleasure in hurting others. |
train-1127 | His family specializes in raising lobsters. | effect | His family catches sea urchins every day to feed the lobsters. | It has a lot of babies. | 0 | Lobsters eat sea urchin as a mainstay of their diet. |
train-1128 | The economy of the country is affected. | cause | This country has experienced war. | Violence pervades in this country. | 1 | Violence affects countries. |
train-1129 | The television could receive signals. | cause | The anttenas were applied to the television. | These people lives on the torrid zone. | 0 | Antennas serve purposes. |
train-1130 | The other five guards are diagnosed with bladder cancer. | cause | Noor's bladder is infected. | A host of a manor gives crucifers to five of his ten guards. | 1 | Crucifers help guard against bladder cancer. |
train-1131 | A lot of insects gathered here. | cause | The pancake on he road has a strong smell. | There is an elephant. | 0 | Smell attracts insects. |
train-1132 | He lacks lycopene. | effect | Urine cannot be transmitted from his kidneys to bladder as usual. | The doctor advised him to eat a tomato every day. | 1 | Tomatoes are a good source of lycopene a naturally occurring plant substance. |
train-1133 | She was offered Amniocentesis. | cause | The woman need a physical check for her fetus. | The woman need an abortion for her fetus. | 0 | Amniocentesis can detect condition in the fetus. |
train-1134 | He often goes to the farm. | cause | My son likes livestock. | Tom has picked up a gemstone on his way home. | 0 | Farms raise livestock. |
train-1135 | The sleet was sticked to Tom's coat. | cause | The stream in front of Tom's house has been polluted. | It was raining and snowing. | 1 | Sleet falls in the atmosphere as a solid pellet of ice. |
train-1136 | He used blue and red stickers to mart the two oppoiste ends of the magnet. | cause | Tom knew the stick of magnet was polarized. | Mike placed a small magnetic needle next to the energized coil. | 0 | Magnets are polarized meaning every magnet has two opposite ends. |
train-1137 | This study team has a lot of conflicts. | effect | It was suggested that they resolved conflicts through mediation. | Its study outcomes is unsatisfying. | 1 | Conflict influences outcomes. |
train-1138 | They detected trapped charged particles around it. | cause | Magnetometers were set on the new planet. | The particles that make up the material collide with each other. | 0 | Magnetometers detect trapped charged particles around the planet. |
train-1139 | He studies phonology, phonetics, grammar, semantics, morphology, and pragmatics. | cause | He chooses to study biochemistry in university. | His major is linguistics. | 1 | Phonology is a branch of linguistics. |
train-1140 | All synapses were destroyed. | effect | Connections between wiring systems were damaged. | All the cottages around was damaged. | 0 | Synapses are one wiring system meeting another. |
train-1141 | Cellulose consists of glucose has simple structure. | cause | Linear polymer have relative simple structure. | The scientist wants to make some cellulose. | 0 | Cellulose looks simple - just a linear polymer of glucose. |
train-1142 | It changes the color of its skin. | cause | The lizard met a natural enemy. | The lizard met its prey. | 0 | Lizards can change the colour of their skin to avoid attacks. |
train-1143 | No Aniline is provided for the factory of sulfanilic acid. | effect | The factory ran out of the raw materials of sulfanilic acid. | No final products come out in this factory. | 0 | Aniline is a raw material used in the production of sulfanilic acid. |
train-1144 | The patient took some citrulline. | effect | The number of ammonia decreased. | The patient was ill. | 0 | Citrulline helps remove ammonia from the body by converting it to urea. |
train-1145 | They saw arbutus trees in the distance. | effect | The crown of the tree blocks all the wind and rain for the orchid. | Their mouths were dripping with saliva. | 1 | Mouths produce saliva. |
train-1146 | Mike planted an acacia. | effect | He was upset about the falling leaves. | Soon two hyacinths built their nests on it. | 0 | Acacias have leaves. |
train-1147 | Squash grew better in the garden. | cause | Tom planted some daisies seeds in five parts of land, one with strong acid soil, one with mild acid soil, one with neutral soil, one with mild alkaline soil, and one with strong alkaline soil. | There is some insect pollination. | 1 | Squash depends on insect pollination. |
train-1148 | This city was covered with dark clouds. | effect | People inside faced great inconvenience. | After a while rain fell down. | 1 | Rain falls in cities. |
train-1149 | John forgot the mass of the nucleus provided. | effect | He looked at the superscirpt of the atomic symbol. | He looked at the leaves of the atomic symbol. | 0 | Superscript indicates the mass of the nucleus. |
train-1150 | He still suffered from viraemia until his death. | cause | The patient suffered from viraemia since childhood. | Tom had Afibrinogenemia. | 0 | Viraemia persists until death. |
train-1151 | His factory needs to consume a lot of metal every month. | cause | He owns a factory which makes curtain poles. | The boss required the productivity of his factory. | 0 | Poles are made of metal. |
train-1152 | Eagles feel thirsty more easily in winter than in autumn. | effect | They don't go out. | They always live by the water so that they can drink water easily. | 1 | Eagles remain near open water during winter months. |
train-1153 | The ferret died. | cause | A ferret ate chocolate by accident. | A ferret ate grass. | 0 | Chocolate is very toxic to ferrets. |
train-1154 | His transmutation inspired himself. | cause | The chimate changed dramatically. | The programmar renumbered an immutable rule. | 1 | Transmutation is the process of renumbering an immutable rule. |
train-1155 | Maker are essential. | cause | Necessities of life are made by makers. | Basketball players want to look cool. | 0 | Makers lead life. |
train-1156 | He could carry many a pygmie for a 50-meter-walk. | cause | Tom could only carry something weighing less than 50 kilograms for a 50-meter-walk. | Tom could carry a tall building. | 0 | Pygmies weigh ounces. |
train-1157 | Her baby doesn't have freckles. | cause | Alice has many freckles on her face. | He looked at his mother's wrinkles. | 0 | Freckles are an autosomal recessive trait. |
train-1158 | A pregnant woman came in for a test. | effect | The examination revealed that the fetus was occupying all the space of the uterus. | The examination revealed that there was plenty of room in her uterus. | 0 | Fetuses fill entire uteruses. |
train-1159 | Frank strictly observed the doctrines and meticulously practiced all the rites of Judaism. | cause | Frank believes in Judaism. | Tom is going to extract some 100% pure aluminiums. | 0 | Rites come from beliefs. |
train-1160 | The audience understands the number of pixels of the display interface, expressed as width times height. | cause | The photographer explains what pixel is. | The photographer explains what resolution is. | 1 | Resolution is the number of pixels used to display the interface expressed as width times height. |
train-1161 | Detectives sort out all these facts. | effect | The case becomes simple in an instant. | They need remote sensing. | 0 | Complexity arises from facts. |
train-1162 | He used oil to control it. | cause | My father managed the change of this old bridge for ten years. | The man had powdery mildew. | 1 | Oils also can control some plant diseases such as powdery mildew. |
train-1163 | He went to Africa. | cause | The wise man seeked for new insight. | He wants to see a lot of zebras. | 1 | Zebras live in africa. |
train-1164 | Mike looked at the reactions occured in the cytosol. | effect | He found that reactions involved in initial breakdown of energy-rich nutrients occured in it. | He was infected at the first time. | 0 | Reactions involved in initial breakdown of energy-rich nutrients occur in the cytosol. |
train-1165 | It's time to take a shower. | effect | My son went to the bathroom. | Both of their clothes are soaked in sweat. | 0 | Sons use bathrooms. |
train-1166 | Then he observed that iron surface is covered with a layer of red substance, and the solution changes from blue to light green. | cause | Tom studied the way ions diffuse. | In the chemistry experiment class, Lee put an iron nail into the copper sulfate solution. | 1 | Chemicals can also interact with each other. |
train-1167 | She makes decisions about all aspects of making movies. | cause | Mary is a film producer. | Lucy is a director. | 0 | Producers make decisions. |
train-1168 | Chaperones bind to protein. | cause | Students need protein supplements. | Chaperones enter the matrix. | 1 | Chaperones bind to protein as it enter the matrix. |
train-1169 | Brown suffers from diabetes. | effect | He kept sugar in his diet. | He often eats sweets. | 0 | Dieticians advise on blood sugar control to help heal diabetic wounds. |
train-1170 | Simon's oil choice is good for his health. | cause | Simon likes saturated fats. | Simon prefers oil with monounsaturates. | 1 | Monounsaturates are the best of all the dietary fats. |
train-1171 | The rescuer returned to other victims trapped in the fire. | cause | The building was in flames. | The rescuer saved a boy from the fire. | 1 | Rescuers return to victims. |
train-1172 | He encouraged his grandparents to set annual travel goals. | effect | Tom went to travel with his parents. | This goal helped them to live a happy old age. | 1 | Goals help elderly individuals. |
train-1173 | Amy achieved a relatively bigger success than Mike. | cause | Amy had a more positive attitude than Mike did. | Amy's attitude is as same as Mike's. | 0 | Attitude contributes to relative success. |
train-1174 | Black found various kinds of galls. | cause | Black will graduate soon. | The tutor asked Black to collect galls. | 1 | Galls occur in many different shapes. |
train-1175 | He made a contribution to the progress of mathematics. | cause | The mathematician met a math problem. | Tom is a mathematician. | 1 | Mathematicians produce knowledge. |
train-1176 | There is a lion chasing a gazelle. | effect | The lion lost his way. | The lion failed. | 1 | Gazelles outrun lions. |
train-1177 | He sometimes overeats, sometimes vomits. | cause | Jack has been eating a diet rich in fat recently. | Jerry has bulimia. | 1 | Bulimia presents with a chaotic eating pattern of bingeing with vomiting. |
train-1178 | The United Nations is calling for the preservation of non-renewable resources. | effect | We should protect coal and oil resources. | We should protect air and water resources. | 1 | Air and water are renewable resources. |
train-1179 | He found that they had a cylindrical shape with four segments each with two legs. | cause | Jack observed the legs of all body segments of the Millipede. | Jack looked at the shape of the tardigrade. | 1 | Tardigrades have a cylindrical shape with four segments each with two legs. |
train-1180 | Leaders lead various departments. | effect | The various parts cooperated closely to complete the task. | Water temperature is the temperature of the ocean. | 0 | Management enhances functions. |
train-1181 | They studied some major diseases in their society. | effect | They found the most serious one was racism. | They got great help in their study. | 0 | Racism is a social disease. |
train-1182 | Tom is a baker. | effect | Tom's shop is very popular. | Tom's bread is delicious. | 0 | Bakers have novel ideas. |
train-1183 | The events in Tom's life put him under great pressure. | effect | He is always distressed. | Tom is facing some problems. | 0 | Distress is stress caused by an event in one' s life. |
train-1184 | The myofibrils in Jack's muscle are bigger. | cause | Jack is a dragoon. | There are more myofilaments in Jack's muscle. | 1 | Myofibrils vary in size depending upon the number of myofilaments they contain. |
train-1185 | The girl loves vanilla. | effect | She touched many small particles. | She asked for more pastry. | 1 | Pastry fills with vanilla ice cream. |
train-1186 | Place the conjugate in the Petri dish for a period of time. | effect | Mold grew quickly on it. | The conjugate was propagated by autologous division. | 1 | Conjugates have asexual reproduction. |
train-1187 | Mum asks Tom to wipe clean the bottoms of all the things on table. | effect | Tom wipes the coasters first. | Mike stripped off all his clothes. | 0 | Coasters have bottoms. |
train-1188 | The mother ate an apple. | effect | The infant grabbed an apple and tried to eat it. | It grew in blossom. | 0 | Infants learn from mothers. |
train-1189 | He soon suffered from obesity. | cause | He lays on the sofa and watches TV every day. | Tom consumed a lot energy and time to improve himself. | 0 | Television contributes to obesity. |
train-1190 | In the museum, visiters find that ammonites look like snails. | effect | The guide says that ammonites are relatives of squids. | Ammonites and snails live together at that time. | 0 | Ammonites look like snails but they are related to squids. |
train-1191 | She was diagnosed with pancreatitis. | cause | Her pancreas becomes inflamed with the stimulation of her disease. | The car accident caused damage to her vagina and nearby tissues. | 0 | Pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas becomes inflamed. |
train-1192 | He was electrocuted. | cause | Jerry ate a lot of shallots. | Tom unplugged the charger. | 1 | Stuff conducts electricity. |
train-1193 | Tom's bones still can grow well. | cause | There is a groove between Tom's bones. | Tom visited a rheumatologist. | 0 | Grooves generally affect but a very small extent the transverse diameter of the bone. |
train-1194 | The public relations manager proposed many solutions to the clients. | effect | These solutions treat the symptoms but not the root cause. | All citizens has a good impression for him. | 0 | Solutions have little effects. |
train-1195 | Jessy burned the Mistletoes. | effect | Their structure was destroyed. | He found that rust had taken place in it. | 0 | Mistletoes have structures. |
train-1196 | I rent a house. | effect | I don't have to wash clothes by hand. | I don't have to wash clothese by machine. | 0 | Houses have washing machines. |
train-1197 | He treated it at once. | cause | The author used Personification to descibe the inanimate object. | The vet checked my hamster. | 1 | Vets treat hamsters. |
train-1198 | He observed the structure of fibres with the microscope. | effect | They found patterns in it. | He found some long unbrached chains. | 1 | Fibres are also plastics with long unbranched chains. |
train-1199 | The man wanted to make a pan. | effect | He saw that it had a flexible sticky leatherlike shell. | He had to buy materials. | 1 | Pans are made of materials. |
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