idx stringlengths 7 11 | premise stringlengths 8 175 | question stringclasses 2 values | choice1 stringlengths 8 213 | choice2 stringlengths 8 192 | label int64 0 1 | conceptual_explanation stringlengths 13 107 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
train-900 | He was nervous and activated. | cause | This old man was diagonsed with psychosis. | Tom got disturbed by some other things. | 1 | Disturbances increase activities. |
train-901 | Tom goes to library regularly. | cause | Tom went to the hospital. | Tom is a biologist. | 1 | Biologists visit libraries. |
train-902 | Economists got the value of efficiency. | cause | Economists calculated the ratio of deposits to administrative expenses. | My mom considers the Efficiency when she deposits her money. | 0 | Efficiency is the ratio of deposits to administrative expenses. |
train-903 | This time the work was done in a different location. | effect | The progress also changed according to the new location. | The experimenter used terbium. | 0 | Progress depends on locations. |
train-904 | The offsprings have to follow the traditions eve they are terrible. | cause | Many traditions are passed down from generation to generation by old people. | Rodent offsprings of servals boomed. | 0 | Traditionalism is the dead faith of living people. |
train-905 | It still works as normal. | cause | Tom used a ruler. | The fuel on this spacecraft has run out. | 1 | Spacecraft have electrical power. |
train-906 | Tom eats chicken for fitness. | effect | Tom becomes healthy and strong. | He found it has a high percentage of salts. | 0 | Chicken contains protein. |
train-907 | The experimenter let the roadrunners fly freely. | effect | Roadrunners like to spread their wings. | He measured the electrical activity of the bird's wounded muscle. | 0 | Roadrunners spread wings. |
train-908 | He has more ideas than before. | cause | Tom likes reading books. | This male kiang has reached the age of two. | 0 | Books provide stimulation. |
train-909 | She knew acute dermatitis recurred. | cause | Sam saw vesicles on her skin. | Tom has seen many patients with dermatosis. | 0 | Vesicles are common sign of acute dermatitis. |
train-910 | His skin was frostbitten. | cause | He accidentally came into contact with dry ice. | Tom's diving suit is made of neoprene. | 0 | Frostbite can occur if skin comes into contact with the dry ice. |
train-911 | There is plenty of rainfall. | cause | This city is in the tropical zones. | Tom lives in a forest where the weather is warm and moist. | 0 | Zones have rainfall. |
train-912 | The government issues calls. | effect | Deputies do things as required. | The minister's response is expected. | 0 | Deputies respond to calls. |
train-913 | Tom used redwoods to treat the scar. | cause | Tom has periodontal abscess. | Tom was burnt. | 1 | Redwoods can grow tissue to heal fire scarring sometimes completely covering the scar. |
train-914 | Tom is asexual. | effect | He often abuses people. | Tom has no desire for men or women. | 1 | Asexuality is defined as the lack of sexual attraction to other people. |
train-915 | Tom took a snail up. | effect | The doctor injected Tom with amiodarone. | He found the snail hid its head into the shell. | 1 | Molluscs possess shells. |
train-916 | Plankton will eat small shrimps. | effect | It needs to be fat enough for the birth of its children. | It can live well. | 1 | Plankton gets nutrients. |
train-917 | Tim is interested in epistemology. | effect | He has a deeper understanding of pulsars. | Tim is interested in the study of knowing. | 1 | Epistemology is the study of knowing. |
train-918 | Tom got hurt. | cause | Tom fought against the man who wanted to attacked him. | Tom wandered in the street. | 0 | Resistance causes damage. |
train-919 | Tom takes the same volume of palladium and platinum to measure the weight of both. | effect | Tom finds that the mass of palladium is much smaller than the mass of platinum. | Tom finds that the mass of platinum is greater than the mass of platinum. | 0 | Palladium is much less dense than platinum. |
train-920 | He's in charge of buying proteases. | cause | The pharmacist has collected some chinese herbs. | Tom works in a leather factory. | 1 | Proteases are the most commonly used enzymes in leather production. |
train-921 | He found one of its components was lost. | cause | Jerry ate capsaicin for the first time. | The television can't work. | 1 | Television has components. |
train-922 | Local inward buckling appeares in the epithelial sheet. | effect | The lichen appeared mottled. | The problem of invagination needs to be solved. | 1 | Invagination is the local inward buckling of an epithelial sheet. |
train-923 | His myofibrils are bigger than before. | cause | The Myofibrils have different numbers of myofilaments. | The number of his myofilaments became larger. | 1 | Myofibrils vary in size depending upon the number of myofilaments they contain. |
train-924 | Relatives can be overwhelmed by sadness. | cause | Dealth brings sadness. | This place is warm and humid. | 0 | Relatives deal with death. |
train-925 | Amy plans to go to a museum for detailed information. | cause | Amy needs more information of ammonites for her homework. | There are five arc-shaped features on the surface of the glacier. | 0 | Ammonites are flat spiral fossil shells of extinct cephalopods from the the mesozoic age. |
train-926 | The experimentalists removed the root nodules of the bluebonnet. | effect | There's a lot less nitrogen in the soil. | The situation of soil erosion has been alleviated. | 0 | Bluebonnets add nitrogen to the soil by fixating atmospheric nitrogen through root nodules. |
train-927 | The physiotherapist opened the bright light. | cause | The patient is treated with the phototherapy. | Tom was in shock from drinking too much wine. | 0 | Phototherapy involves the use of bright light. |
train-928 | Jack ate comfrey by mistake. | effect | He was poisoned. | Jack became malnourished and was losing weight. | 0 | Comfrey contains potentially dangerous compounds known as pyrrolizidine alkaloids. |
train-929 | Biologists watch bacteriophagess infect cells under a microscope. | effect | They found that it injected DNA into the host cell. | The cell wall of gram-positive bacteria was destroyed. | 0 | Bacteriophages infect a cell by injecting dna into the host cell. |
train-930 | He calculated its velocity. | cause | The man felt the unmeasurable strength of shaking in this earthquake here. | The boy wanted to know the speed of this falling ball. | 1 | Velocity indicates the speed of an object in a direction of motion. |
train-931 | He has successfully hunted a mink. | cause | John has experienced field survival. | The hunter has found the tail of the animal. | 1 | Minks have long tails. |
train-932 | The terrapins all died in the dry pool. | cause | Lucy drank a lot of ethanol. | Tom forgot to add water into the pool for the terrapins in summer. | 1 | Terrapins inhabit water. |
train-933 | Earwigs eat up uncle's gardenia. | effect | Uncle called them bad insects. | Then he had rashes on his skin. | 0 | Earwigs are considered as pests because they attack domestic plants. |
train-934 | There are myceliums in the flowers. | effect | The botanist tells us it is extracted from the flowers of chrysanthemum. | Different flowers have different colors. | 1 | Myceliums produce pigment. |
train-935 | Bison was pregnant. | effect | Her baby was healthy when she grew up. | Bison had a baby bison. | 1 | Bison give birth to bison. |
train-936 | I suffered from a stranglehold on my personality. | cause | My mom imposed perfectionism on me since I was young. | A hedgehod hid behide me. | 0 | Perfectionism is a stranglehold on the personality's growth. |
train-937 | Furniture in the house was ruined. | cause | I was starved for days. | There are many earwigs in his house. | 1 | Earwigs cause severe damage. |
train-938 | The atmosphere containg carbon dioxide surrounded this continent. | effect | The carbon dioxide, one of the major greenhouse gases, content in the air decreases. | The amount of carbon dioxide in it is decreasing. | 1 | Continents help take carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere. |
train-939 | Scientists measure the distance between celestial bodies in light years. | cause | There are innumerable celestial bodies in the universe. | The distance between celestial bodies in the universe is incredibly large. | 1 | Light is very fast. |
train-940 | He proposed many methods for different problems. | cause | The manager compared several proposals received. | He held a number of patents for his many innovations. | 1 | Patents cover methods. |
train-941 | He died after several days. | cause | The old man suffered from a cold in winter. | He invested one hundred million dollar in stock market. | 0 | Flu is one of the leading causes of death in elderly people during the winter months. |
train-942 | Most of them developed leiomyoma. | cause | He looked for many patients with symptomatic benign lesions. | Many patients with fibroadenomas come for treatment in this hospital. | 0 | Leiomyoma is the commonest symptomatic benign lesion. |
train-943 | Animals in the zoo need to maintain basic meals every day. | effect | The zoo employed a lot of keepers to complete the task. | The doctor prescribed antipyretics and antiviral drugs. | 0 | Keepers provide minimum requirements. |
train-944 | Tom digs azurite for his boss. | cause | Tom's boss wants cooper. | Tom's boss wants gold and silver. | 0 | Azurite contains copper. |
train-945 | The big tree in front of Jenny's house withered. | cause | There was hail yesterday. | There are many woodpeckers nesting in the big tree in front of Jenny's house. | 1 | Woodpecker Produces massive damage to the trunk when nesting. |
train-946 | He felt something wrong with his body. | cause | Tom has a rapid intravenous injection. | Tom was fainted. | 0 | Hypotension can occur after rapid intravenous injection causing cardiovascular collapse. |
train-947 | A fruit tree grew up there. | cause | The gardener has put the mulch on the plant. | The farmer buried the currants in soil carefully. | 1 | Currants produce fruit. |
train-948 | A hive exists on the tree. | effect | It has a stunning design. | Jack's chrysanthemums took root. | 0 | Existence has designs. |
train-949 | This rumor is self-defeating. | cause | The public relations department explains this rumor. | The public relations department issued a notice. | 1 | Notice provides clarification. |
train-950 | People began to be aware of creatures conservation. | cause | More and more species of creatures are endangered. | People decide to protect the ecosystems. | 0 | Herpetologists assist in the conservation of species. |
train-951 | There is a group of scientists who specialize in plastic materials. | effect | The special plastic materials they worked out got a lot of praise. | The viscosity of the fluid with strong flow is lower than the one of the fluid with weak flow. | 0 | Scientists identify special plastic materials. |
train-952 | Linda finds a kind of enzyme that can suppress the unipolar proliferation in plants. | effect | She used Pasteurization to kill them. | Plants stop the phase of gastrulation after absorbing such enzyme. | 1 | Gastrulation occurs by unipolar proliferation. |
train-953 | Tom hurt his phalanges. | effect | He took use of slabs. | He went to hospital to treat the long bones. | 1 | Phalanges are classified as long bones. |
train-954 | I fed the lamps everyday. | effect | They gained weight. | They collect food. | 0 | Lambs gain weight. |
train-955 | His family are all fat. | cause | Jack's family seldom eat vegetables. | Tom is a heavy smoker while Tim never smokes. | 0 | Obesity afflicts about a third of US adults. |
train-956 | Seagulls may take in salt. | cause | Saltwaters contain salt. | It often rains in this ocean. | 0 | Seagulls drink saltwaters. |
train-957 | Tom's family buys a new TV. | effect | It has been passed like this in his family for generations. | His children like the animation channel very much. | 1 | Tv has channels. |
train-958 | It is poisonous. | cause | Why can't we eat the bile? | I fed my poisoned son with ipecac. | 0 | Bile contains poisonous substances. |
train-959 | The man waited until his son's birth. | effect | Spermatogenesis didn't stop after that. | It took him a long time. | 0 | Spermatogenesis continues after birth. |
train-960 | Students learned about general knowledge of geography. | cause | Community holds some pet activities. | Geography teacher uses a globe to teach students about geography. | 1 | Globes are models or small copies of the earth. |
train-961 | Some scientists are trying to make stable lamps with fireflies. | cause | Fireflies are able to produce luminescence. | Fungal viruses spread widely in the air. | 0 | Bioluminescence is a common biological energy source. |
train-962 | A scientist has observed the trace of a hadrosaur for a year. | effect | The botanist found pollens on the flower. | He finds that the hadrosaur seldom stays underwater unless it's necessary. | 1 | Hadrosaurs are inferred to have been terrestrial most of the year. |
train-963 | He feeds it a lot of protein every day. | cause | He decided to have a healthy lifestyle. | Jack has a poodle. | 1 | Poodles need proteins. |
train-964 | He dug up a snapdragon. | effect | It ate some leaves. | He found it had shallow root. | 1 | Snapdragons have shallow roots. |
train-965 | The sight induces nausea to Lisa. | effect | She has a bottle of phenytoin in case of emergency. | Lisa vomitted. | 1 | Nausea is the feeling of vomiting. |
train-966 | He is concerned with the effect of social traits on daily life. | cause | Tim is a sociologist. | David is a psychologist. | 0 | Sociologists are concerned with the effect of social traits on daily life. |
train-967 | Tom suffered from depression. | effect | He feels very sad every day. | Doctor gave him protriptyline as medicine. | 1 | Protriptyline is in a class of drugs called tricyclic antidepressants. |
train-968 | The doctor judged that she had milia. | cause | The girl used her intuition to diagnose herself. | Sophia has some small spherical opaque white protrusions on her face. | 1 | Milia are small spherical opaque white bumps. |
train-969 | She wants a pet. | cause | Tom's wife is very tender. | My grandma is lonely. | 1 | People want pets. |
train-970 | Readers say the characters he portrays seem very real. | cause | John writes this novel that portray a character with both an evil and a good side. | John draws very well. | 0 | Evil is one of the characteristics of the human soul. |
train-971 | The three generations formed a big family. | effect | The youngest children needed to learn the interconnected system of relationships. | The relationships within his family broke. | 0 | Families are an interconnected system of relationships. |
train-972 | A nasty disease has been discovered in this community. | effect | The international community has paid no attention to this issue at all. | The international community attaches great importance to this issue. | 1 | Diseases require international attention. |
train-973 | Pork has been in the most defficient supplementary. | effect | Many pigs are slaughtered during this period. | All people went to the supermarker to buy the little pork. | 1 | Sales reach peaks. |
train-974 | Betty has two pans. | effect | She prefers the deep one. | Her breasts become bigger and bigger. | 0 | Pans vary in depth. |
train-975 | Susan received cancer treatment. | effect | The doctor found that it shrank the swollen nasal tissues so as to open the breathing passages. | This treatment process includes interweave aspects. | 1 | Therapy involves interweave aspects. |
train-976 | Anna needs an amniocentesis. | cause | Lucy had Mastectomy. | Mary wants to detect condition in the fetus. | 1 | Amniocentesis can detect condition in the fetus. |
train-977 | She can't be pregnant forever. | cause | Lucy has a cute baby. | Lucy's vagina was injured. | 1 | Vaginas are near cervixes. |
train-978 | He drinks Cola. | cause | Tom drinks vairous drinks except Cola. | Tom drinks vairous drinks instead of water. | 1 | Cola is a drink. |
train-979 | There are many servants in their family. | effect | Their social status is very high. | They have different responsibilities. | 1 | Servants have several different responsibility. |
train-980 | He was discriminated against by society. | cause | Elliot is gay. | He is a disabled person. | 0 | Gays are the individuals who are now being discriminated against. |
train-981 | Tom is a student who has strong awareness of working hard. | effect | He always got a high grade in the examination. | Tom has a sense of ethics. | 0 | Awareness helps students. |
train-982 | He is considered as patriotic and always does good to the country as an individual. | cause | Mario has a faith that his country is great and powerful. | The soldier has strong Patriotism. | 0 | Faith is lived within the individual as an individual. |
train-983 | Endocrinologists can treat him. | cause | Tom has a brain problem. | Tom has a metabolic disease. | 1 | Endocrinologists treat diseases affecting the metabolism of the human body. |
train-984 | They eat grain. | effect | They got numerous benefits. | They felt tired. | 0 | Grain has numerous benefits. |
train-985 | He harvested a lot of melons. | cause | Tom cut off a vine from a neighbor's house and planted it in his own garden. | The farm boy grew up with Peppers. | 0 | Melons stay on vines. |
train-986 | There are more mice one week later. | cause | There are some mice in the fridge. | Tom has a couple of mice. | 1 | Mice give birth to offspring. |
train-987 | Miller fermented the sugar in yeast into alcohol. | effect | Some people learned how to make beers with top fermenting yeasts from him. | Miller invented beer. | 1 | Beer is the product of the fermentation of sugar into alcohol by yeast. |
train-988 | The surgeon's practical ability is the most important thing. | effect | Doctors often prescribe this medicine to patients. | They have to do many operations in person during their internship. | 1 | Surgeons are physicians who operate. |
train-989 | They have flat breastbones with no keel. | cause | Ostriches belong to ratites. | Ostriches belong to plants. | 0 | Ratites have flat breastbones with no keel. |
train-990 | We bought more protein diets. | cause | The baby's food is nutritious. | We have run out of diets for the boars. | 1 | Boars feed protein diets. |
train-991 | He saw five toes. | cause | He looked at the toes of primates. | Horry looked at himself in the mirror. | 0 | Primates have five individual toes. |
train-992 | The radiolarian was observed to be much bigger. | cause | Tom's retina was demaged. | There samples of radiolarian and protozoan were placed under the microscope. | 1 | Radiolarians are of large size as protozoans. |
train-993 | She had a miscarriage. | cause | My child was ready to have a child. | Helen took drugs when she was pregnant. | 1 | Miscarriage is the body's natural response to a pregnancy in trouble. |
train-994 | Researchers found rocks containing volcanic clasts in a muddy volcanic matrix. | effect | They speculated that there had been a lahar. | One of them recognized it as a plagioclase. | 0 | Rocks containing volcanic clasts in a muddy volcanic matrix are remnants of lahars. |
train-995 | The passersby can't stop looking at my beautiful flowers. | cause | I have many colorful flowers in my garden. | Wind blew the ripe tulips. | 0 | Petals attract visual attention. |
train-996 | Jerry had dementia, but acted like a normal person. | effect | The doctor said it was about the area of his brain that was affected. | He was healthy. | 0 | Dementia affects people differently depending on the area of the brain affected. |
train-997 | Ants protect aphids. | cause | Ants like a sticky thick substance called honeydew. | Daylilies bloom in summer. | 0 | Aphids leave behind a sticky thick substance known as honeydew. |
train-998 | Tom saw a rank list of the top ten hardest known natural substance on earth in a book. | effect | Tom plotted to make a murder weapon. | The first place on the rank list is diamond. | 1 | Diamonds are the hardest known natural substance on earth. |
train-999 | He became the incarnation of the god of wealth. | cause | The man's relationship and experience of love led to his death. | The man's relationship and experience of wealth moved the god. | 1 | Incarnation is a relationship of the subject to experience. |
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