idx stringlengths 7 11 | premise stringlengths 8 175 | question stringclasses 2
values | choice1 stringlengths 8 213 | choice2 stringlengths 8 192 | label int64 0 1 | conceptual_explanation stringlengths 13 107 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
train-1000 | My deaf friend learned my language. | effect | He showed me with signs. | He has learnt many new recipes since he got there. | 0 | Signs are the language of the deaf. |
train-1001 | Tom's grandfather is ninety years old. | effect | The venom gradually spreads in Tom's body. | He is immobile and needs to be looked after. | 1 | Dexterity can decrease with age. |
train-1002 | Timer is what we need. | cause | We need a clcok which can control processing. | Humans produce lots of halons today. | 0 | Timer is a clock used to control processing. |
train-1003 | The kangaroo's food wasn't all digested after the first chew. | effect | It chewed the food from its left ear again. | It chewed the food from its ruminant stomach again. | 1 | Kangaroos have ruminant stomachs. |
train-1004 | He goes to hospital twice a week. | cause | Paul needs a depressant because of anxiety. | Jerry must be injected with etanercept. | 1 | Etanercept is given by injection under the skin twice a week. |
train-1005 | He chases the lone deer behind the herd. | cause | A jackal leopard hasn't eaten all day. | A jackal leopard is dying. | 0 | Ocelots pursue prey. |
train-1006 | He lost a mitten. | effect | He had to buy a new pair. | He can't wear his former clothes. | 0 | Mittens come in pairs. |
train-1007 | Lucy has a daughter. | effect | Lucy's baby is coming. | Her daughter can't get pregnant. | 1 | Fertility is a trait generally considered to be of low heritability. |
train-1008 | He can appreciate the author's creative expression of human experience. | cause | Tom loves literature. | The student has looked up the book. | 0 | Literature is the creative expression of human experience. |
train-1009 | The artist is a man of sorrow. | effect | He often expresses his sorrow through his works. | His nice lifstyle has become a stressful one. | 0 | Art has expressive quality. |
train-1010 | White's eyes are getting sore and he has to see an ophthalmologist. | cause | White has a bump on his eyelid. | John often watches the computer for his work, which makes his eyes dry and uncomfortable. | 0 | Bumps cause eye irritation if they are on the eyelids. |
train-1011 | His symptoms showed that he may have tumors. | effect | The doctor found a tumor arose from his bronchial tree. | Tom ate a lot of cardamoms to ease the symptoms. | 0 | Tumours can also arise from the bronchial tree. |
train-1012 | Every human has his own rights. | effect | The doctor is responsible. | Enermies can have their own rights. | 1 | Enemies include humans. |
train-1013 | No fish is distributed in this zone. | cause | There was hail yesterday. | No water is available in this zone. | 1 | Distribution depends on availability. |
train-1014 | I decide to consult geriatricians for them. | cause | Areoles on stems can protect our skin. | Seniors in my family have been suffering from chronic diseases. | 1 | Geriatricians specialize in the care of older adults. |
train-1015 | Tom told the teacher that scallops were one of them. | cause | The teacher asked Tom to look for long lived shellfish. | The girl hate cats and some river animals. | 0 | Scallops are long lived shellfish. |
train-1016 | The doctor took his heart out of the ventricle. | cause | Tom is going to have a heart change operation. | Tom's son is suffering from heart attack. | 0 | Hearts have leave ventricles. |
train-1017 | George is a excellent journalist. | effect | He died. | George gasps the knowledge of various fields he interviewed. | 1 | Journalists have knowledge. |
train-1018 | John put a sardine in the water he was observing. | effect | John found that plankton have disappeared. | John found more plankton. | 0 | Sardines eat plankton in the sea. |
train-1019 | He began to have difficulty in communication. | cause | Tom lost his senses. | Tom lost his jacket. | 0 | Senses play a part in communication. |
train-1020 | Poles are stronger than wood sticks. | cause | Metal is stronger than wood. | Wood is attacked by wood - degrading fungi. | 0 | Poles are made of metal. |
train-1021 | He discovered that the backbones ran from heads. | cause | He observed the skeleton of the human body. | John was shocked by the existence of modern human. | 0 | Backbones run from heads. |
train-1022 | The researcher separated integral membrane proteins from the tonoplast. | effect | They are TIPs. | He can easily break down the barrier. | 0 | TIPs are integral membrane proteins in the tonoplast. |
train-1023 | She found there is no methyl group in uracil. | cause | Lucy would like to explore the difference between uracil and thymine. | Lucy lacks uracil. | 0 | Uracil lacks the methyl group of thymine. |
train-1024 | Their survival was threatened. | cause | The knights were captured by the enemy. | The workers were seriously exploited. | 1 | Exploitation threatens survival. |
train-1025 | The government publicizes all kinds of knowledge to prevent children from accidents. | cause | The government is aware of the importance of children's health for the future of the country and wants to reduce child mortality. | A lot of accidents have occured before. | 0 | Accidents are a leading cause of death in children. |
train-1026 | The cabinet helped Tom. | cause | Tom first proposed some reliable guidelines. | Tom asks the cabinet for help. | 1 | Cabinets provide services. |
train-1027 | John and Mary started to enjoy the food. | cause | A group of men went to a restaurant for dinner. | The cook finished cooking. | 1 | Cooks end with eats. |
train-1028 | But the doctor can't give a proposal about treatment. | cause | He is worried about his fibroadenomas will become malignant. | The pregnant woman is suffering from a serious illness. | 1 | Treatments result in adverse birth outcomes. |
train-1029 | He student made an example on how to use this word. | cause | The teacher asked the student gave detail descriptions on this word. | The artist learned petroglyphs. | 0 | Descriptions provide examples. |
train-1030 | Jim seems to have been sniffling for weeks. | effect | He was under distress caused by his mother's death. | We reckon that Jim sufferers a kind of allergy. | 1 | Sniffles can be a symptom of an allergy. |
train-1031 | She raised a hen. | effect | The hen laid an egg. | It can't stand the cold weather. | 0 | Hens lay eggs. |
train-1032 | Compression waves were created. | cause | The engine vibrated violently. | Tom used the heliotherapy. | 0 | Vibration creates compression waves. |
train-1033 | Witnesses tell the police the details of the accident. | cause | There are many witnesses to this car accident. | He asked the cops what they had seen. | 0 | Witnesses give details. |
train-1034 | The teacher explained many different kinds of beetles. | effect | He learned that fireflies are also called lightning bugs. | The teacher provided tellurium. | 0 | Fireflies are species of beetle also commonly known as a lightning bug. |
train-1035 | Tom doesn't believe in any religion. | cause | Tom thinks that all the moral and religious beliefs are meaningless. | Tom is a man of no principle. | 0 | Nihilism is the general rejection of customary beliefs in morality or religion. |
train-1036 | Its son would find food for it. | cause | The mmonkey was old. | The small chicken shoud be incubated under the same temperature. | 0 | Primates spend time with their offspring. |
train-1037 | She should meet its diet requirement. | cause | Joy kept the small sparrow. | She needed to feed the infant. | 0 | Sparrows require diets. |
train-1038 | She bought a lot of whole cow milk. | cause | She needed to feed the infant. | She was able to ovulate without the help of medication. | 0 | Infants feed whole cow milk. |
train-1039 | We were tripped by a hidden stone. | cause | My best friend and I walked along an abandoned bridge with many weeds. | My best friend and I walked along an newly built bridge with new concrete floor. | 0 | Walking trips. |
train-1040 | Students have made some invstigations about their studies. | effect | They learn basic lab techniques in the science class. | They have learnt more. | 1 | Investigations contribute to knowledge. |
train-1041 | My grandma had Trachoma. | effect | She could not hear. | I saw her viewsight became less clear everyday. | 1 | Trachoma is a cause of blindness. |
train-1042 | There are many dwarfism patients. | effect | Most of them have achondroplasia. | Their bodies are thin and feeble. | 0 | Achondroplasia is the most common type of dwarfism. |
train-1043 | John took the phenobarbital. | effect | He calmes down now. | The wound could not stop bleeding days after. | 0 | Phenobarbital provides a sedative action on the nerves within the brain. |
train-1044 | Elementary school lessons was in the spotlight. | cause | These famous teachers discussed many topics. | These famous teachers discussed curriculum reform. | 0 | Topics have elementary school lessons. |
train-1045 | Chinese New Year is approaching. | effect | Guavas should be included in the diet. | Tom's mom often go out to party. | 1 | Moms have good friends. |
train-1046 | Tom put the peonies where there isn't enough natural sunlight. | effect | The peonies are fading away. | The peonies are blooming very well. | 0 | Peonies grow in well drained soil in sunny locations in nature. |
train-1047 | Crosstalk happens in this village. | effect | Each time, residents suffered significant damage to their belongings. | There is interference between channels here. | 1 | Crosstalk refers to the interference between channels. |
train-1048 | Mary likes the small back ears of her Meerkat very much. | effect | She likes their design very much. | She often touches both sides of its headd. | 1 | Meerkats have small black ears located on the sides of their heads. |
train-1049 | This couple lives in perfect harmony. | effect | They had a lunch in the restaurant. | They love each other very much. | 1 | Love is the expression of harmony in life. |
train-1050 | Jack asked the teacher why the variation happened. | effect | The teacher said variation is an inevitable result of evolution. | The teacher tells Jack that the urethra is the excretion tube of the human body. | 0 | Evolution has explained variation. |
train-1051 | The teacher asked them to study the appearance characteristics of an insect. | effect | The teacher gave them telescopes. | They studied the bodies of cockroaches. | 1 | Cockroaches possess bodies. |
train-1052 | The doctor checked and told her it was a reflux. | cause | Mary felt terrible because her stomach contents came up into the esophagus. | Lucy accidentally fart during a meeting. | 0 | Reflux occurs when stomach contents come up into the esophagus. |
train-1053 | Some actions of taichi come from martial art. | effect | They kill otters. | A person who have learnt martial art would be easier to learn taichi than others. | 1 | A taichi is martial art. |
train-1054 | Tom pricked his hand with a rose thorn. | effect | He now uses it to play guitar. | He feels a lot of pain. | 1 | Stingers cause pain. |
train-1055 | Sodium azide is chemical compoud. | effect | This chemical can decompose water. | Reagents contain chemical compound. | 1 | Reagents contain sodium azide. |
train-1056 | Jack and Tom are relatives. | effect | They live under the same roof. | They grew up. | 0 | Relatives live in households. |
train-1057 | He gave every student a chance to show themselves. | cause | The mentor saw his student's prudence during the practice session. | The coach is responsible for each student. | 1 | Coaches focus on human resource management. |
train-1058 | Tom put some wood into the damp underground garage. | effect | Yesterday he found that the wood had gone moldy. | His washing machine works. | 0 | Humidity can cause materials to become mouldy. |
train-1059 | This difficult process tires him. | cause | The scientist tries to separate yttrium from other rare earth elements. | He often introspects. | 0 | Yttrium is difficult to separate from other rare earth elements. |
train-1060 | Jack collects grey feathers. | cause | The farmer buried the currants in soil carefully. | Jack is collecting plumages. | 1 | Plumages include grey feathers. |
train-1061 | He asked me where to put the scraps. | effect | I said the wastebasket. | He puts all the needed elements into the advertisement. | 0 | Debris includes waste. |
train-1062 | Water molecules couldn't enter the mycobateria freely due to its outter membrane. | cause | The mycobacteria was put in water solution. | The Ammonium based fertilizers led to the process of nitrification to nitrate in the soil. | 0 | Mycobacteria have an outer membrane. |
train-1063 | I touched weavers in the factory. | effect | I felt the spiny legs. | I knew their depth of surfaces. | 0 | Weavers have spiny legs. |
train-1064 | Bob's family has three members. | effect | The family includes Bob's parents and himself. | He has a better understanding of the history of his family. | 0 | Parents identify as members. |
train-1065 | He has profound knowledge about blood. | cause | Tom is a student majoring in hematology. | Bob is a biochemist. | 0 | Hematology is the study of blood. |
train-1066 | He applied for admission into academies. | cause | The criminal suffered from ostracism in the prison. | The teenager aspires to higher education. | 1 | Academies provide education. |
train-1067 | He considers the unity of humankind very important. | cause | John is an anthropologist. | He is a man with creativity. | 0 | Anthropology emphasizes the unity of humankind. |
train-1068 | They move faster than humans when in danger. | cause | The researcher analyzed the gaskets. | The vampires in the movie have special abilities. | 1 | Vampires have greater reflexes than humans. |
train-1069 | It produces plurilocular gametangia in the process of reproduction. | cause | This creature belongs to Gametophytes. | The reproduce eukaryote is about to duplicate its germ cells. | 0 | Gametophytes produce plurilocular gametangia. |
train-1070 | These oven become sallow and emaciated. | cause | Tom raises oxen where there is not much grass. | Farmers always burn stalks. | 0 | Oxen are grazers feeding primarily on grasses. |
train-1071 | His eyes were hurt. | cause | The star on the stage was illuminated by lasers. | The star is not famous. | 0 | Lasers have peak brightness. |
train-1072 | External gills ensure beathing outside the water. | effect | After mixing for a while, water is still water and cement is still cement. | Lungfishes can breathe outside the water. | 1 | Lungfishes possess external gills. |
train-1073 | There are some chickadees movied into there. | cause | I noticed that there are several caves dug by woodpeckers. | The stream in front of Tom's house has been polluted. | 0 | Chickadees nest in cavities excavated by woodpeckers. |
train-1074 | Ruby raises several cottontails in a cage. | effect | She never cleans the feces of her pets but the cage is still clean. | They swallowed some mates successfully. | 0 | Cottontails are coprophagic meaning they eat their own feces. |
train-1075 | The kangaroo's food wasn't all digested after the first chew. | effect | It killed the human. | It chewed the food from its ruminant stomach again. | 1 | Kangaroos have ruminant stomachs. |
train-1076 | The teacher asked them to study a kind of sociable animals which live on vast plains. | effect | Their teacher told them the answer was limestone. | They studied gemsboks. | 1 | Gemsboks are sociable animals spending time on open plains. |
train-1077 | My boyfriend learned to deal with their bitter tannic inner skins efficiently. | cause | I slept with Hartebeests. | I hate peeling chestnuts. | 1 | Chestnuts have a nasty habit of clinging to their bitter tannic inner skins. |
train-1078 | String should not be exposed to fire. | cause | Cottons cannot resist fire. | A certain laser is to be used in this operation. | 0 | String is made of cotton. |
train-1079 | Jack's parents died in a car accident. | effect | Jack was in extreme distress. | Their things have been stolen. | 0 | Distress is stress caused by an event in one' s life. |
train-1080 | A badger found a tenrec in a bush and drew near stealthily. | effect | The child escaped from many injuries due to falls. | The badger could do nothing with the tenrec. | 1 | Tenrecs roll into balls. |
train-1081 | Parents are cautious about choosing peanuts as their kids' food. | cause | Jack is allergic to peanuts. | Food anaphylaxis does harm to children's health. | 1 | Peanuts are the most frequent cause of food anaphylaxis in children. |
train-1082 | Managers demand full participation from the community. | cause | A company is going to hire 10 young employees without any particular experiences. | Decisions need to be made recently. | 1 | Decisions require full community participation. |
train-1083 | She saw the references. | cause | My mentor read my literature. | Tom poured water to the gasket. | 0 | References appear in literature. |
train-1084 | His germ cells are abnormal. | cause | His eating habits are irregular. | He has seminoma. | 1 | Seminomas are germ cell neoplasms. |
train-1085 | The editor made a clarification on the title page of the book. | cause | People have always been unclear about the definition of teaching. | The flowers in my garden are blooming. | 0 | Definition requires clarification. |
train-1086 | She was accused of killing endangered species. | cause | Lucy shot a jaguar. | Mary kept several swallows. | 0 | Jaguars are an endangered species. |
train-1087 | Tom is afraid of tigers. | effect | When Tom saw tigers in the zoo, he can't help smiling. | When Tom saw tigers in the zoo, he can't help shaking. | 1 | Fear causes trembling. |
train-1088 | I waited for about two years. | cause | I planted bulbils to see their germination. | I planted bulbils to see their bloom. | 1 | Bulbils take about two years to reach bloom stage. |
train-1089 | Tom put a piece of bread in a humid environment. | effect | The bread is moldy after two days. | There is a lot of excess moisture in the bread. | 0 | Moisture stimulates mold growth. |
train-1090 | Yang added many reagents to the sample of lovage. | effect | He extracted many ingredients inregdients including a volatile oil, angelic acid, and bitter extractive resins. | Starch cannot react with Fehlin reagent. | 0 | Lovage contains a volatile oil angelic acid a bitter extractive resins etc. |
train-1091 | The host gene is copied into another organism. | effect | Besides the host gene, the phage is also copied. | Ionization occurs. | 0 | Phage replicates as part of host genome. |
train-1092 | There are many delphiniums during flowering. | cause | Some throat chakras are planted in Tom's garden. | There are many gardenias in Tom's garden. | 0 | Delphinium is a flower of the throat chakra. |
train-1093 | There is a little wind today. | effect | Hummingbirds were attracted. | Climatologists decribed the weather with the word "breeze". | 1 | Breezes describe wind. |
train-1094 | There are increased eosinophils in the blood. | effect | There is no lesion. | It is the benign lesion of gastric carcinoma. | 1 | Eosinophils are common especially in early lesions. |
train-1095 | Tom has an acrophobia. | effect | He can't live a high floor in a building. | He can't digest food well. | 0 | Acrophobia is the fear of heights. |
train-1096 | They cleverly succeeded. | cause | The experimenter wants to do electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. | The snake can't drink the water. | 1 | Snakes use techniques. |
train-1097 | Lucy put the fronds on the weighing device. | effect | She could measure the color of the fronds. | She could measure the mass of the fronds. | 1 | Fronds have mass. |
train-1098 | He got a good job because he was good at computers. | cause | John is looking for a job. | Tom is a chemist. | 0 | Individuals have necessary skills. |
train-1099 | That might make him deaf. | cause | Jason suffered from Mumps. | Jerry's mouth has birth defect. | 0 | Mumps is the leading cause of deafness. |
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