idx stringlengths 7 11 | premise stringlengths 8 175 | question stringclasses 2 values | choice1 stringlengths 8 213 | choice2 stringlengths 8 192 | label int64 0 1 | conceptual_explanation stringlengths 13 107 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
train-14200 | Ants farm the bugs called aphids. | cause | The conditions in this place are very good. | Ants like eating honeydew. | 1 | Aphids also excrete honeydew. |
train-14201 | It went out for food. | cause | The potto was always hungry at night. | The foxhound would feel hungry. | 0 | Pottos are active at night. |
train-14202 | Jack keeps the lilies on the balcony. | effect | The lilies faded. | The lilies are blooming well. | 1 | Lilies prefer a warm sunny spot. |
train-14203 | Theoretically, John is the creditor of the government. | cause | John spent 10000 dollars buying government bonds. | John is a responsible man. | 0 | Bonds are securities representing the debt of the issuer. |
train-14204 | They are all born of queen bees. | cause | A large number of small bees live in hives. | There are many perches in the river. | 0 | Hives have queens. |
train-14205 | Diffraction is bad for our eyes. | effect | Tom always takes a good rest after using telescopes. | Tom uses telescopes five hours a day and never takes care of his eyes. | 0 | Telescopes produce diffraction. |
train-14206 | Tom's feet got host-specific toxin caused by the fungus. | effect | Tom had a genetic disease. | Necrosis occurred on Tom's feet. | 1 | Necrosis occurs due to the production of host-specific toxin by the fungus. |
train-14207 | Experts advise them to use diodes. | cause | They want to impede further erosion. | This experiment requires a tool that emits near infrared light to the surface tissue. | 1 | Diodes send near infrared light into the superficial tissues. |
train-14208 | Tom looked up a lot of information about human evolution. | effect | Most of what he collected were basidiomycetes. | He finally finished this paleoanthropology paper. | 1 | Paleoanthropology is the scientific study of human evolution. |
train-14209 | Their aim is the equal distribution of poverty. | cause | The lawyer witness the poverty of refugees. | They worked for communism. | 1 | Communism is the equal distribution of poverty. |
train-14210 | He read many books about gnosis. | cause | My father is an evolutionist. | Tom wanted to explore the spiritual side of life.. | 1 | Gnosis is the spiritual side of life. |
train-14211 | The doctor examined the epididymis of many people. | effect | It shows apparent traces of pigments. | He found that most people had cysts. | 1 | Cysts are very common on the epididymis. |
train-14212 | The parakeets are still alive. | cause | The harsh winter finally ends. | Twenty years have passed since the massacre. | 0 | Parakeets survive harsh winter. |
train-14213 | He observed the blastocysts. | effect | He found many implants. | He found was that they were six-membered rings attached to five membered rings. | 0 | Blastocysts undergo implantations. |
train-14214 | Tom went to a moor. | effect | Tom saw belugas besides him. | There he saw many species. | 1 | Heaths are home to a rich assemblage of animal species. |
train-14215 | They are very strong bases. | cause | Tom makes some amides by deprotonating ammonia. | These microbats have a keen sense of hearing. | 0 | Amides made by deprotonating ammonia are very strong bases. |
train-14216 | Almost all the creatures in nature will fall on the ground when they die. | effect | Their dead bodies will disapear shortly after. | Their dead bodies will remain on the ground for good. | 0 | Decomposition occurs in lower layers. |
train-14217 | Phytotherapy is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine. | effect | Chinese medicine factories needs to purchase many natural plants. | Phytotherapy is becoming more and more popular. | 0 | Phytotherapy denotes treatment with medications produced from natural plant products. |
train-14218 | My tamarin is pregnant. | effect | I'm ready for its one to three babies. | She only eats two meals a day. | 0 | Tamarins have one to three babies a year. |
train-14219 | Tom had seizures. | effect | The doctor told him to take phenytoin. | Doctor diagnoses him of shigellosis. | 0 | Phenytoin is used to control seizures. |
train-14220 | Tim eats to much and his digestive function is impacted. | effect | The doctor advised him to take clomipramine. | His parents prepared some ginger for him. | 1 | Ginger stimulates digestive function. |
train-14221 | It has the power to change the environment. | cause | The wind here is very strong. | The company has a great amount of money. | 1 | Money empowers the ability of humans to modify the environment. |
train-14222 | White began to create new works. | cause | The economy developing needs more value to be created. | White wants to have some motion. | 1 | Creation is the expression of motion. |
train-14223 | Many rabbits in Qingqing Ranch suffer from Hairballs. | effect | Squirrels need to prepare food for several weeks in advance. | Many rabbits in Qingqing Ranch died. | 1 | Hairballs are a common cause of death in rabbits. |
train-14224 | Earth appears. | cause | God creates planets. | Big bang happened. | 1 | Expansion has huge impact. |
train-14225 | She needed treatments to recover. | cause | Cherry was diagnoised with secondary bacterial infection. | Luch was diagnoised with later peiod of secondary breast cancer. | 0 | Treatments help secondary bacterial infection. |
train-14226 | The car was smashed beyond any hope of repair. | effect | The car owner was in deapair. | It function hasn't been influenced. | 0 | Despair is the loss of hope. |
train-14227 | He can find disease very quickly and accurately. | cause | The doctor is also an expert in Radiology. | He is an immunologist. | 1 | Immunologists are detectives of disease. |
train-14228 | There are many earthworms in this area. | effect | They ate the decomposed plants. | They harvest a lot of grains every year. | 0 | Scavengers feed on decompose plants. |
train-14229 | Caracals were hungry. | effect | They went to the tundra region. | They were rounding up the rabbit. | 1 | Caracals take down prey. |
train-14230 | Helen is vulnerable to infection. | cause | The reproduce eukaryote is about to duplicate its germ cells. | Helen's neutrophils are very low. | 1 | Neutrophils play a critical role in fighting infection. |
train-14231 | The gardener needs to pollen the clusters. | effect | He bought some pesticide at once. | He waited until the poinsettias are in flower. | 1 | Poinsettias are in flower when the pollen-bearing clusters are open. |
train-14232 | He brought back some geraniums from the dry climate. | effect | He created a humid environment to improve the survival rate. | Several buds whose sepals were cut off died. | 0 | Geraniums are basically plants from a dry climate although few tolerate arid conditions. |
train-14233 | Tom is very good at analysis. | effect | He always knows the qualities of his products and the need of customers. | He can easily break things down. | 1 | Analysis is the process of breaking things down. |
train-14234 | Biologists used acrylamide to rodents. | effect | They found that there was chromosomal aberrations in the body of rodents. | They ran to the rodents. | 0 | Acrylamide induces chromosomal aberrations in somatic cells of rodents in vivo. |
train-14235 | They would give him an administration of intravenous fluids to replensh his body fluids. | cause | The doctor said he was dehydrated. | Tom needs dialysis. | 0 | Dehydration results from inadequate replacement of lost body fluids. |
train-14236 | Tom have trouble peeing. | effect | Doctor gave him diuretics as cure. | The blood circulation in his feet became very slow. | 0 | Diuretics help the body excrete excess fluid. |
train-14237 | A screw has been lost. | effect | The equipment can't be used any more. | Dvision of the Mitochondria will occur. | 0 | Equipment has screws. |
train-14238 | The flood burst the dyke. | cause | Shanxi has been hit by torrential rain for several days. | The water had a bad smell. | 0 | Flooding occurs when the volume of water exceeds the capacity of the channel. |
train-14239 | His thyroid gland can't absorb iodine normally. | cause | His food contains thiocyanate. | Jack has severe hypoglycemia. | 0 | Thiocyanate interferes with iodine uptake by the thyroid. |
train-14240 | The fisherman found a fish with big eyes. | effect | Zoologists say this is a carp. | Zoologists say this is a jack. | 1 | Jacks have large eyes excellent eyesight. |
train-14241 | Her husband suffers from azoospermia. | effect | He can be invisible. | She cannot be fertilized. | 1 | Fertilization begins when a man's sperm cell enters a female's egg creating a zygote. |
train-14242 | Eichhornia crassipes are originally in South America. | effect | They invaded many areas in the world and were regarded as invasive species. | They are common aquatic plants in South America. | 0 | Invaders include weeds. |
train-14243 | He got a lot Plagioclase. | cause | The man managed to find many green gems. | The man managed to find many volcanic rocks. | 0 | Plagioclase is a common mineral in many volcanic rocks. |
train-14244 | There are many kinds and numbers of animals in the mountains. | cause | Most animals need their own habitat. | There are a lot of animals in this place. | 0 | Mountains provide prefer habitats. |
train-14245 | Scientists detect substances in low-dose alkaloids. | effect | Scientists have detected low active substances with biological activity. | Scientists have detected highly reactive substances with biological activity. | 1 | Alkaloids are highly reactive substances with biological activity in low doses. |
train-14246 | The worker has bought some materials. | effect | They brought a boiler firstly. | They have made many windows. | 1 | Windows are made of materials. |
train-14247 | Malaria broke out in this area. | effect | Many countries have been affected. | Conflicts between the natives and the immigrants increased. | 0 | Malaria affects countries. |
train-14248 | Tom is standing in the front of the mirror. | effect | He is powerful. | Tom can see himself in the mirror. | 1 | Mirrors have reflections. |
train-14249 | Black committed violence against others at school, which led to campus violence. | cause | There are many clubs in the school. | Black was raped in his childhood. | 1 | Violence can be a by-product of men who have been raped. |
train-14250 | She got hot water. | cause | Lucy rotated the tap. | Mary's body is in short of vitamin. | 0 | Pipes carry hot water. |
train-14251 | He might suffer from one of various illnesses. | cause | My father has mild to moderate hypertension. | He has dyspnea. | 1 | Dyspnea occurs as a symptom of a variety of illnesses. |
train-14252 | The shopping assistant says amethyst is very popular and relatively cheap, and recommends she to buy it. | cause | Lucy wants to buy some beautiful clothes. | Mary wants to buy a crystal. | 1 | Amethyst is a very common quartz crystal. |
train-14253 | He dived into the pool and began to swim. | cause | Tom has picked up a calm from the river. | Tom walked across the anti-skid deck. | 1 | Decks surround pools. |
train-14254 | They always go to the camp. | cause | Sheep still need to be outdoors in winter. | Bears like places with light. | 1 | Camps attract bears. |
train-14255 | The little boy felt suffocated in the river. | effect | His relatives helped him. | He died. | 1 | Suffocation causes death. |
train-14256 | They have journeys every year. | effect | They have learned a lot of knowledge. | They have been to Italy, France, and Iceland this year. | 1 | Journeys take places. |
train-14257 | Alcohol accelerates the processing process. | cause | East Asia has successively achieved economic take-off in the past half century. | Adding carbonation to alcohol. | 1 | Carbonation speeds alcohol processing. |
train-14258 | My assistant stole all valuable things in my business. | effect | She begged for assets of my business now. | She owns the assets of my business now. | 1 | Assets are things of value owned by a business. |
train-14259 | Tom had no abnormal reactions after the new heart was implanted. | cause | Tom had an operation. | The doctor gave Tom an immunosuppressive injection ahead of time. | 1 | Immunosuppressants block the immune system's natural reaction to reject new transplanted tissue. |
train-14260 | Tom has solved the problem. | effect | Hostage problem was solved by Tom. | He sucessfully completed the task. | 1 | Tasks involve solve problems. |
train-14261 | Rescuers shuttle through the disaster area. | effect | They rescue a group of victims. | They must pray every day. | 0 | Rescuers do jobs. |
train-14262 | The vaccine made him immune to the virus. | effect | He thought that he was immortal. | Now he's safe from the virus. | 1 | Immunity provides effective protection. |
train-14263 | I got pain. | cause | I got a hiccup. | I got stimuli due to the needle. | 1 | Stimuli cause pain. |
train-14264 | The fisherman has caught a bowhead. | effect | They should picked up the hairs on it before eating it. | The fisherman has a great harvest. | 0 | Bowheads also have stiff hairs on their jaws. |
train-14265 | Tom's incessant runny nose bothers him. | effect | He is too distressed to sleep at night. | The doctor diagnosed him as allergic. | 1 | Sniffles can be a symptom of an allergy. |
train-14266 | The vet always gave pigs regular checks. | effect | The pork that we have eaten was healthy and delicious. | He changed its ranges many times. | 0 | Veterinarians ensure a safe food supply by maintaining the health of livestock. |
train-14267 | They crowded to the mountain. | cause | Basketball players want to look cool. | The villigaers saw flood coming. | 1 | Floods cause a desire to climbs. |
train-14268 | The hospital set up a kitchen for them. | cause | Family members of patients in the hospital are inconvenient to buy food. | Researchers found a group of small antelopes in the wild. | 0 | Hospitals have seat demonstration kitchens. |
train-14269 | Emma is smoothing the sharp points. | effect | You should not touch its surface. | These darts won't hurt anyone anymore. | 1 | Darts have sharp points. |
train-14270 | It couldn't escape. | cause | A small insect dropped into a jar. | The lizard met a natural enemy. | 0 | Jars have straight sides. |
train-14271 | Burning fossil fuels uses oxygen and produces carbon dioxide. | cause | Tony burnt some fossil fuels. | Pollution has become worse recently. | 0 | Combustion takes place in the presence of air. |
train-14272 | The doctor suggested that he should take into some pepsin. | cause | Twenty years have passed since the massacre. | There are a lot of proteins accelerated in Tom's stomach. | 1 | Pepsin helps break down proteins. |
train-14273 | This moon cake can't be sold anymore. | cause | One corner of this moon cake was knocked off during the production process. | Cochlear implant is a common implant. | 0 | Shapes affect products. |
train-14274 | This organization has developed a medicine to treat mono. | cause | The incidence of lung cancer is high. | This organization is committed to reducing the incidence of hepatitis. | 1 | Mono can inflame the liver producing a hepatitis. |
train-14275 | Mom prepared medicine treating inflammation for me. | cause | My wound had bacterial infection. | My doctor mom observed my symptoms of Pancreatitis. | 0 | Inflammation is often secondary to bacterial infection. |
train-14276 | Tom was vaccinated with influenza. | effect | Tom was no longer getting flu. | The doctor thought Tom got a flu. | 0 | Immunity refers to the relative state of resistance of the host to a specific pathogen. |
train-14277 | The peas can't climb the trellis. | cause | The naughty boy cut down the peas' tendrils. | This land was divide into two parts. | 0 | Peas use tendrils to climb a trellis. |
train-14278 | Tom used radiotherapy. | effect | The medicine didn't work. | His eyesight is slowing down. | 1 | Radiotherapy uses low dose radiation to stop the progression of vision loss on the retina. |
train-14279 | Its pyknotic nuclei could not recover. | cause | The acid corroded Tom's Epidermise. | This cell had Necrosis. | 1 | Necrosis is seen as individual pyknotic nuclei. |
train-14280 | Tom looked at both ends of the pupa. | effect | He could see its head. | He could see its feather. | 0 | Pupas have heads. |
train-14281 | According to the report, the glacier was melting. | effect | Scientists found the appearance of kettles. | His entire external ears is enclosed in a rigid cups. | 0 | Kettles occur when blocks of ice are isolated from the receding glacier terminus. |
train-14282 | Cai Lun altered the raw materials of paper manufacturing. | effect | Paper goes from hard to soft. | He decided to buy amylase. | 0 | Alteration affects properties. |
train-14283 | His blood sugar has been high ever since. | cause | He had his pancreas removed. | In the middle of the clusters, the gravity is overwhelmingly powerful. | 0 | Pancreases control blood glucose. |
train-14284 | The postules broke. | effect | The tubers withered. | A central collection of white pus flew out. | 1 | Pustules are pimples with a central collection of white pus at their top. |
train-14285 | He wants to know the electricalimpulse of his heart. | effect | He went to hospital and had a electrocardiogram. | The doctor asked him to do an electrocardiogram. | 0 | Electrocardiograms measure the electrical impulses of the heart. |
train-14286 | He always eats healthy food. | cause | Testers report their result to the leader. | He wants to promote his dental health. | 1 | Food promotes dental health. |
train-14287 | Officer went to the fifth avenue at once. | cause | There was a crime in the fifth avenue. | There was a wedding ceremony in the fifth avenue. | 0 | Officers to investigate crime. |
train-14288 | Mother made a lot of biscuits for the children. | effect | The children stopped crying. | Children love them very much. | 1 | Biscuits are the sweet food most commonly eaten by children. |
train-14289 | A spear is a weapon. | effect | Lucy can put some things which are seldom used into it. | It has a very sharp head. | 1 | Spears have heads. |
train-14290 | He got inspired. | cause | Tom read resumes. | The architect visited various architectures. | 1 | Architecture offers inspiration. |
train-14291 | There are more flowers in the ecological environment. | cause | Lucy has bought some lavender and put them into a vase. | Flowers are pollinated. | 1 | Pollination has ecological values. |
train-14292 | The cultured maize cells showed increased gene expression. | cause | Researchers added introns into maize cells. | Researchers added glucose to maize cells. | 0 | Introns increase gene expression in cultured maize cells. |
train-14293 | He majored in philosophy. | effect | He devoted to the study of the fundamental questions of everyday life. | Many readers thus consider him an excellent philosopher. | 0 | Philosophy is the discipline devoted to the study of the fundamental questions of everyday life. |
train-14294 | The Fluorescent can color the the natural ends the tips of a linear chromosome. | effect | Telomeres colored by the Fluorescent were cut. | Telomeres colored by the Fluorescent were obvious. | 1 | Telomeres are the natural ends the tips of a linear chromosome. |
train-14295 | The workers of this factory went to the southern hemisphere to look for darker materials. | cause | The factory wanted to mine olivine. | Toxoids are in shortage in this factory. | 0 | Olivine occurs predominantly in the darker materials in the southern hemisphere. |
train-14296 | Water in the sea is liquid. | effect | It is circulating. | Sewage couldn't be carried away. | 0 | Gyres cause cold currents off west coasts warm currents off east coasts. |
train-14297 | The amusement park is out of electricity. | effect | People can use electricity. | The carousel cannot rotate anymore. | 1 | Rotation requires energy. |
train-14298 | Biologists later discovered that it was elk's body. | cause | Biologists have found dead animal bones with molars behind the front teeth. | The animal carcasses found by the biologists had wings. | 0 | Elk have a molar on each side of their upper jaw about half way back behind the front teeth. |
train-14299 | His whole body was covered with rash. | cause | He has a lot of wounds on his body. | He has hives. | 1 | Hives are an outward sign of a whole-body hypersensitivity reaction. |
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