idx
stringlengths
7
11
premise
stringlengths
8
175
question
stringclasses
2 values
choice1
stringlengths
8
213
choice2
stringlengths
8
192
label
int64
0
1
conceptual_explanation
stringlengths
13
107
train-14500
Jack was found guilty of embezzlement.
cause
Jack is a psychologist.
Jack forced his way onto his neighbor's land.
1
Embezzlement is a specific intent crime.
train-14501
The rabbit was running in the forest.
effect
The hunter found the track left.
There are many trees in the forest.
0
Tracks are made by animals.
train-14502
A month later, the workers see sprouts grow back from the roots of the tree.
cause
Budgerigars are always seen on eucalypts.
Workers cut trees with machinery.
1
Sprouts grow back from the tree roots after having been mechanically cut.
train-14503
The doctor gave the patient some medicine containing nifedipine.
cause
The patient asked the doctor what is the function of the stent.
The doctor doesn't want to make the patient's smooth muscle contract.
1
Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker used to block the contraction of smooth muscle.
train-14504
The considerate doctor prescribed her a small dose of antitussive.
cause
Lucy recently took some medicines containing catecholamines.
Emma had a cough for over a month.
1
Antitussives are cough suppressants used to treat painful persistent coughs.
train-14505
Jerry is addicted to mineral-rich herb.
effect
He askes for chickweed everyday.
His mother bought him a lot of astragalus.
0
Chickweed is a mineral-rich herb.
train-14506
He's been thinking a lot.
cause
John had been reading a lot lately.
Tom wants to brew his own ale.
0
Reading cause a desire to thinks.
train-14507
A man lost all his relatives in the earthquake.
effect
He often feels homeless.
He had no plan to move himself out of the population.
0
Homelessness is associated with rooflessness.
train-14508
They died soon.
cause
The florist started selling pansies.
He did not give those frogfishs water.
1
Frogfishs want water.
train-14509
Some acid were poured on my stool.
effect
My stool was corroded.
Partial vacuums were created because of that.
0
Stools are made of metal.
train-14510
Lucy has done a research with the plunger.
effect
She prefers the deep one.
She found the volume of the liquid decreased.
1
Plungers remove liquids.
train-14511
Lots of contaminants were discharged to the bay.
effect
Phytoplankton at the base of the Bay's food web was affected.
They plan to bulid the fatory near the bay.
0
Contaminants can affect phytoplankton at the base of the Bay's food web.
train-14512
He is well versed in the art of illusion.
cause
He studied television production in college.
John was interested in the study of human images.
0
Television is the art of illusion.
train-14513
Many bobcats live there.
cause
There is a wood on the outskirts.
There are many perches in the river.
0
Bobcats live in wooded areas.
train-14514
The contaminants of the factory moved with the groundwater.
effect
The worker got a lot of carbon.
Geologists found that advection occured.
1
Advection occurs when contaminants move with the groundwater.
train-14515
He cannot notcie its illness in time.
cause
The vet's pet is a parrot.
John breeds virus with resistant species.
0
Parrots are very good at masking signs of illness.
train-14516
He has a problem with his liver.
cause
Tom takes statins all year round.
The stream in front of Tom's house has been polluted.
0
Statins can also cause liver problems.
train-14517
Jack was covered in red spots.
cause
There is located with many lakes.
The weather suddenly turned cold.
1
Vasodilation causes mild transient erythema as the skin attempts to cool down.
train-14518
It grew in blossom.
cause
The gardener has planted the astile in the shade.
The gardener has put the mulch on the plant.
0
Astilbes thrive in moist shade.
train-14519
The folk moved to a place with much higher elevation.
effect
Some of their member didn't fly.
Some of their member didn't survive.
1
Elevation influences survival.
train-14520
He only enjoys mascarpone.
cause
Since Tom is old, he can only eat some soft food.
Blair, as a diabetic, wants to eat sweet things very much.
0
Mascarpone is a very soft cheese made from extremely contented cows.
train-14521
For many years, the local government has carried out the project of expanding urban greening.
effect
According to the survey, the carbon content in the local air has been greatly reduced in recent years.
It showed a falling trend in these weeks.
0
More trees, less carbon in atmosphere.
train-14522
The villagers died of accumulated unconsolidated materials on the flanks of volcanoes.
cause
Lahars flooded the sea.
Lahars flooded the village.
1
Lahars are accumulations of unconsolidated materials on the flanks of volcanoes.
train-14523
Bill found that kittens have a strong desire to reproduce.
cause
The cute cub is four mouths old.
Bill's kitten is coming of age.
1
Reproduction begins when the animals mature.
train-14524
The terrier caught many small animals and was tireless.
cause
The gardener kept a cat on this land.
He brought his terrier and went hunting.
1
Terriers are energetic hunters very attracted to small animals.
train-14525
Some sea anemones in the tank have inadequate heat.
effect
Heater were used outside the tank to avoid contact.
Heater were used outside the tank to separate heat.
0
Heaters supply the warmth some sea anemones require but they can burn themselves on contact.
train-14526
Why some plants do not produce pollen?
effect
Because some plants do not have male sex cells.
Because some plants do not have female sex cells.
0
Pollen is a male sex cell produced in large quantity by most plants.
train-14527
The survival of many animals is threatened.
cause
This land is under exploitation.
The earth is bearing more and more humans.
0
Exploitation threatens survival.
train-14528
He removed the seedlings from pacas.
effect
Saguaros grew soon after.
He found that it had a bad effect on pacas.
1
Pacas rely on seedlings.
train-14529
A whitefly was notice in the greenhouse of tomatoes.
effect
It is a prominent natural state of his nature.
The keeper hired people to kill the hidden whiteflies.
1
Whiteflies can reduce yields of greenhouse grown tomatoes.
train-14530
Lucy has bought a gosling baby and put it in the water for a bath.
effect
He calmes down now.
She found that its webbed feet were moving all the time.
1
Goslings swim with their webbed feet.
train-14531
We found gaurs were ubiquitous.
cause
Researchers found a group of small antelopes in the wild.
We took a trip in southern Asia.
1
Gaurs are found throughout southern Asia.
train-14532
He borrowed a barometer.
cause
Jack bought a satellite survellance.
John wanted to measure the atmospheric.
1
Barometers are instruments to measure the pressure of the atmosphere.
train-14533
It turned out that it is the penetration of the egg by a sperm.
cause
Acid can react with strong base.
He did a search on the Internet for what is fertilization.
1
Fertilization is the penetration of the egg by a sperm.
train-14534
The survey found that most of them were vegetarians.
cause
Number of people surveyed in Momchilovtsi.
Investigate the secret of Momchilovtsi people's longevity.
1
Vegetarians live longer healthier lives.
train-14535
As a result, the rice received by the supermarket was less than 2,000 pounds.
cause
This supermarket ordered 2000 pounds of rice from the factory but some rice leaked during the delivery.
Vic was deprived of maternal love since childhood because of objective factors.
0
Deficiencies affect weight.
train-14536
He can't digest food well.
cause
The boy lives in a hapy family.
Tom is suffering from esophagitis.
1
Esophagi have digestive functions.
train-14537
Many people in other places did not see that.
cause
Tom went to Central America and saw Panama Canal in person.
I saw the eclipses of moon today.
1
Eclipses are only visible on a small part of earth's surface.
train-14538
She can keep a good equilibrium.
effect
She plans to send her child to the best schools.
She entered the states of first class.
1
Equilibrium leads to states.
train-14539
Hen you enter the correct password or fingerprint, the door will open automatically.
cause
The gate of her house is an intelligent electronic security door.
Inactivation is a fast reversible process.
0
Gates have input.
train-14540
Skyscrapers are well supported.
cause
Steel frames provide good support.
The cohesion of this system is outstanding.
0
Skyscrapers have steel frames.
train-14541
Many butterflies came and stayed on the flowers.
cause
The booming flowers were full of nectar.
There are many butterflies on this lawn.
0
Nectar attracts butterflies.
train-14542
This water is a turbulent one.
effect
Farmland and houses will be destroyed by wind and heavy rainfall.
Skimmers are not likely to live here.
1
Skimmers live in still waters.
train-14543
They lived for many, many years.
cause
He grew many perennials in his garden, such as petunias.
They went to Africa and saw a lot of tropical plants.
0
Petunias are perennial plants meaning the survive many years.
train-14544
I don't like shoes made of natural materials.
effect
My shoes is made of natural leather.
My shoes is made of artificial leather.
1
Leather is a natural material.
train-14545
Tom recites words every day.
effect
Tom can speak English.
He is regarded as a musician.
0
Accumulation results in buildups.
train-14546
Tom got zero points for his answer.
cause
Tom didn't utilze equations in his math test.
Tom wrote in his physics exam that gauss refers to the casual strength of a magnetic field of energy.
1
Gauss refers to the designated strength of a magnetic field of energy.
train-14547
Students wanted to know the amount of moisture in the air.
effect
Their teacher told them that the humidity was 70%.
Carp is one of them.
0
Humidity is the measure of the amount of moisture in the air.
train-14548
Many tourists are attracted.
cause
The heterosexual host has a bisexual guest.
Exhibitions are often held here.
1
Exhibitions become attraction.
train-14549
The wolf was hunting the antelope.
effect
The antelope fought back.
The antelope asked help from his companions.
1
Antelopes produce sound.
train-14550
He put on a Turban.
effect
He has full protein and fiber.
He was mistaken for an Afghan.
1
Turbans are part of the national dress in Afghanistan.
train-14551
His neighbors suffered different degrees of damage.
cause
Jack's country is at war.
An outbreak of fire burned Tom's house down.
1
Damage occurs in adjacent areas.
train-14552
Nuclear fission took place and produced enormous energy.
cause
John split the central part of the nucleus into two equal pieces in his experiment.
The electronegative atom meet the hydrogen H.
0
Fission occurs when the central part of an atom the nucleus breaks up into two equal fragments.
train-14553
Mendelevium is a unique element.
cause
The Myofibrils have different numbers of myofilaments.
Lack of naturally occurring isotopes means uniqueness.
1
Mendelevium has no naturally occurring isotopes.
train-14554
I earned more from the former's weight.
cause
My pig took in high fiber feed ingredients.
I sold a mature bull and a cow.
1
Bulls also attain much larger sizes than cows.
train-14555
They measure the lumens of the bulb.
cause
They want to check the brightness of the bulb.
They want to know the size of the bulb.
0
Lumens indicate the brightness of the bulb.
train-14556
Tom suffered from seizures.
effect
Doctor gives him anticonvulsants.
Doctor gives Tom a glass of water.
0
Anticonvulsants can reduce the risk of further seizure activity.
train-14557
He can only live here but cannot own this land.
cause
This land is his homestead.
He is a slave to the landlord's family.
0
Homestead is a right to possession rather than an ownership right.
train-14558
He could only tailor Tom's clothes without any accuracy.
cause
The tailor didn't know Tom's physical features.
Tom became a painter.
0
Accuracy depends on features.
train-14559
The shopkeeper died suddenly last night.
effect
The police found many details that the shopkeeper did not die of suicide.
He found prominent ciliated tentacles on them.
0
Details surround sudden death.
train-14560
Those hunter joined societies.
effect
They had good time in societies.
Her brain keeps thinking.
0
Hunters enjoy societies.
train-14561
I fell in love with a camper.
effect
I participate in trips with him.
His camera cannot hit people as usual.
0
Campers participate in trips.
train-14562
He could not get along with the local people.
cause
The newcomer strong boycotted superstition in Egypt.
The newcomer strong supported superstition in Egypt.
0
Superstition is part of the egyptian way of life.
train-14563
Tom wants to dye his hair.
effect
He is going to extract the pigment from some cottonseeds.
The hairdresser took use of hair dye to achieve Tom's idea.
1
Hairdressers use chemical products.
train-14564
There are many patients infected wtih the pneumonia.
effect
Antibodies formed in his body can fight the virus.
All of them died.
1
Pneumonia is among the leading causes of death from all hospital-acquired infections.
train-14565
They found that oxidizers can have reactions with many materials.
cause
Scientists have done a research about the oxidizers.
Electrons,protons and neutrons are the key constituents of material.
0
Oxidizers are generally very reactive.
train-14566
The air pollution is more serious now.
effect
We should pay attention to our health when we are taking exercise.
The gardener spreaded ome saprobes in the soil to prevent environmental pollution.
0
Exercise increases the effects of ozone because more of it enters the lungs.
train-14567
He understood the ideas and thought expressed by them.
cause
He appreciates their dances.
He watches their photos.
0
Dance is a language of a people spoken with the body.
train-14568
Her monther bought a chicken and made a bowl of chicken broth.
cause
Her monther decided to make a soup for dinner.
Mary bought some boletes last month.
0
Soup contains chicken broths.
train-14569
His mother died.
effect
He can't remember the way home.
He was under distress caused by his mother's death.
1
Distress is stress caused by an event in one' s life.
train-14570
Farmers are plagued by drought.
cause
It has been raining here recently.
It hasn't rained here for a long time.
1
Droughts are a long time with no rain.
train-14571
He was diagnosed with poisoning.
cause
Tom fainted after eating fish.
Tom ate some medicine containing enkephalins.
0
Fish produce a highly toxic chemical called ammonia.
train-14572
Tom has accepted therapy in the hospital for a long time.
effect
He was recovered.
No side effects have ever happened to him.
0
Therapy produces significant effects.
train-14573
His parents had to pay high tuition fees.
cause
Tom reaches adolescence.
Jack was admitted to a private college.
1
Tuition is the price parents are asked to pay.
train-14574
The behavior of the merchant is a crime.
cause
The merchant violates Jack's portrait rights.
The merchant infringes Jack's intellectual properties.
1
Crime involves intellectual properties.
train-14575
He got a partner.
effect
He found a job.
He got more chances.
1
Partners assume chances.
train-14576
The volcano erupted.
effect
Hot lava ran down the mountain.
The person who lives in the atmosphere was alive and the person which lives out of the atmosphere died.
0
Lahars are mudflows on the slopes of volcanoes often accompanying eruptions.
train-14577
Tom bought a lot of furniture to decorate his new house.
effect
Tom gained a lot of weight.
His house becomes more attractive and beautiful.
1
Furniture creates appearances.
train-14578
Tom poked the wasp's nest.
effect
Tom got stinged.
He found many broods hiding there.
0
Wasps sting prey.
train-14579
It died.
cause
The cell was soaked in liquid containing Cytotoxins.
His neck artery was blocked by embolus.
0
Cytotoxins kill living cells.
train-14580
He went to school to accept education.
effect
He was gradually woken up to life.
His pursuits became easier for him.
0
Education is the process of waking up to life.
train-14581
Boars grow healthily.
cause
Boars ate grass.
Boars ate meat.
1
Boars feed protein diets.
train-14582
Blair's mother wrote her a minuscules.
cause
Blair asked his mother to write her a Greek letter.
The boss was to assess staff performance.
0
Minuscules are lower case Greek letters.
train-14583
The temperature in Shenyang and Chengdu is the same in July.
effect
An Isotherm passes through Shenyang and Chengdu in July.
The doctor performed the operation using local anaesthesia.
0
Isotherms are layers with the same temperature.
train-14584
The Nazis denied Jewish values.
cause
The Nazi extermination of Jews was regarded as a world crime.
People in this city are destroying the life of milionaires.
0
Genocide is a crime against humanity because it negates human value.
train-14585
Mary was on diet and she refused any fatty substance.
effect
Mary refused to eating melons.
She began to lose her weight.
0
Melons contain fatty substances.
train-14586
He found only some of them were melted into the water.
cause
Tom has put a small piece of lead iodide into the water.
Tom has bought some seeds of mint.
0
Lead iodide is a dense golden yellow slightly soluble solid.
train-14587
The genets begin their activities.
cause
The gross grow up.
The sun goes down and night falls.
1
Genets are nocturnal animals.
train-14588
Tom started to meditation.
cause
Tom can always see something stored in his memory even in a far distance.
Tom annoyed his girlfriend and he wanted to know where he was wrong.
1
Meditation is the observation of oneself.
train-14589
Tom found only two spieces have wattles.
cause
Tom planted peonies without light.
Tom went to the zoo and noticed there are three species of cassowary.
1
Wattles are present in two of the three species of cassowary.
train-14590
Tom was infected with the clostridia.
effect
He was always having loose bowels.
He had serious gastrointestinal problems.
0
Clostridia can cause acute often fatal scour in young piglets.
train-14591
I have difficulty in standing stably.
cause
I am a student majored in cladistics.
I hurt my heels.
1
Heels provide stability.
train-14592
The teacher provided them with zeolite.
cause
This experiment requires a well-defined crystalline aluminosilicate mineral.
Jack had stomach cramps.
0
Zeolites are a well defined class of crystalline aluminosilicate mineral.
train-14593
Finally he found out that it was CM.
cause
He looked at the triangle shape drawn together with a boat.
Tom wants to find the central meridian.
1
CM is the central meridian.
train-14594
She likes grapes.
cause
Mary likes eating any kind of berries.
My mom is a queen.
0
Grapes are berries.
train-14595
It is easy to distinguish bilbies from rabbits.
cause
Bilbies and rabbits are put togather.
Australia has bilbies.
0
Bilbies have several distinctive features.
train-14596
The experimenters are trying to maximize the temperature of the instrument.
cause
The high temperature is changing the solid to liquid.
The laboratory is about to conduct nucleosynthesis.
1
Nucleosynthesis requires very high temperature.
train-14597
He owns a lot of smalite.
cause
He is a cobalt dealer.
Tom is rich.
0
Cobalt occurs mainly as smalite.
train-14598
I wanted to faciliate in the digestion of my stomach.
effect
I drank urine.
I drank yogurt.
1
Yogurt aids digestion.
train-14599
Its pyknotic nuclei could not recover.
cause
This cell had Necrosis.
The leaves fed to the giraffes have been eaten up.
0
Necrosis is seen as individual pyknotic nuclei.