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Answer this question truthfully | instruction | 0 | 54,267 | 91 | 162,391 |
Management of AKI following COVID-19 includes antiviral therapies, identifying electrolyte disorders, and intravenous fluid resuscitation. Early diagnosis and treatment of AKI in patients with COVID-19 can avoid the progression of AKI into ESRD and reduce mortality.
Treatment of AKI following COVID-19 includes: Correction of hypovolemia and hypotension by the administration of adequate intravenous fluid Isotonic crystalloid is recommended among all patients who develop AKI. Correction of electrolyte disorders antiviral therapy: Recently, Remdesivir has been found effective against COVID-19. Anticoagulants in hypercoagulable conditions Loop diuretics In volume overload conditions Diuretics should not be used regularly as they predispose patients to volume depletion.
renal replacement therapy is recommended among patients with AKI who develop volume overload severe metabolic acidosis refractory hyperkalemia uremic complications Pericarditis uremic encephalopathy If AKI is unresponsive to supportive therapy in hemodynamically unstable patients The dialysis of choice in hemodynamically unstable patients with COVID-19 is continuous venovenous hemodialysis. renal replacement therapy is associated with hypercoagulation. To view COVID-19-associated hemodialysis, click here. Sequential extracorporeal therapy It removes cytokines, which reduces systemic inflammation and subsequent organ failure.
Surgical intervention is not recommended for the management of COVID-19 associated AKI.
Effective measures for the primary prevention of AKI include: Volume resuscitation Patients with COVID-19 should be evaluated for intravascular volume status based on physical examination and fluid balance. Isotonic saline is recommended as a prevention strategy for patients who are at increased risk for AKI by expanding intravascular volume. Monitoring renal function tests Serial monitoring of BUN, serum creatinine, and electrolytes such as sodium, potassium and bicarbonate should be considered frequently every 48 hours or more in high risk patients. Avoidance of drugs and nephrotoxins in high risk patients
Effective measures for the secondary prevention of AKI is using biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment of AKI in early stages before it causes significant complications. | output | 1 | 54,267 | 91 | 162,392 |
What is the term used to refer to acute kidney injury associated with COVID-19? | input | 2 | 54,267 | 91 | 162,393 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 77,249 | 91 | 231,337 |
Robust antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with curcumin-poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles against COVID-19: A preliminary in vitro study in Vero cell line as a model | output | 1 | 77,249 | 91 | 231,338 |
BACKGROUND: In this study, the ability of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as a treatment approach and adjuvant therapy using curcumin-poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (Cur@PLGA-NPs) to inactivate Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in plasma was investigated. Furthermore, to verify whether the quality requirement of aPDT-treated plasma is acceptable, the differences of the levels of clotting factors, total plasma proteins, and anti-A and/or anti-B antibodies titrations in plasma of patient before and after aPDT treatment were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cur@PLGA-NPs was synthesized using Electrospinning process and characterized by different analysis including Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy assays. The presence of the SARS-CoV-2 in the plasma samples of patients suspected of having COVID-19 was confirmed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. Then, the treated plasma samples with Cur@PLGA-NPs plus blue laser were exposed to Vero cells. Eventually, cell cytotoxicity and apoptotic effects of treated Vero cells were evaluated. Levels of clotting factors including prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), total plasma proteins, and anti-A and/or anti-B antibodies measurements were performed using the coagulometer, method of Bradford, and titration procedure, respectively. RESULTS: The presence of SARS-CoV-2 was positive in 84.3 % of samples. Different concentrations of Cur@PLGA-NPs (3, 5, 7, and 10 % wt.), the irradiation times of blue laser (1, 3, and 5 min), and aPDT with the maximum dosed of blue laser light (522.8 J/cm2) plus 10 % wt. Cur@PLGA-NPs had no cytotoxicity. Although there were significant cell degradation and apoptotic effects in treated Vero cells with treated plasma using 10 % wt. Cur@PLGA-NPs, and a blue laser at an energy density of 522.8 J/cm2, no visible changes in cells and apoptosis were observed following aPDT. Total plasma protein content, PT, APTT, and anti-A and/or anti-B antibodies titers showed no significant changes (P > 0.05 for all comparisons) in treated plasma as compared to untreated plasma. CONCLUSION: aPDT exhibited in vitro anti-COVID-19 activities in the treated plasma containing SARS-COV-2 without Vero cell apoptosis and any adverse effects on plasma quality in aPDT-exposed plasma. | input | 2 | 77,249 | 91 | 231,339 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 77,408 | 91 | 231,814 |
Interferon gamma immunotherapy in five critically ill COVID-19 patients with impaired cellular immunity: a case series | output | 1 | 77,408 | 91 | 231,815 |
Background Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 shedding has been described in immunocompromised COVID-19 patients, resulting in protracted disease and poor outcome. Specific therapy to improve viral clearance and outcome for this group of patients is currently unavailable. Methods Five critically ill COVID-19 patients with severe defects in cellular immune responses, high SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA loads, and no respiratory improvement were treated with interferon gamma, 100 μg subcutaneously, thrice weekly. Bronchial secretion was collected every 48 hours for routine diagnostic SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR and viral culture. Findings Interferon gamma administration was followed by a rapid decline in SARS-CoV-2 load and a positive to negative viral culture conversion. Four patients recovered and no signs of hyperinflammation were observed. Conclusions Interferon gamma may be considered as adjuvant immunotherapy in a subset of immunocompromised COVID-19 patients. Funding AvL and RvC are supported by National Institute of Health [R01AI145781]. GJO and RPvR are supported by a VICI grant [016.VICI.170.090] from the Dutch Research Council (NWO). WFA is supported by Clinical Fellowship grant [#9071561]) of Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development. MGN is supported by an ERC Advanced Grant [#833247] and a Spinoza Grant of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research. | input | 2 | 77,408 | 91 | 231,816 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 77,500 | 91 | 232,090 |
Lilly to test baricitinib against COVID-19 | output | 1 | 77,500 | 91 | 232,091 |
Eli Lilly and Company and the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases will study baricitinib, a Lilly rheumatoid arthritis drug, as a potential treatment for people with COVID-19 It’s thought that baricitinib’s anti-inflammatory effect could help reduce the cytokine storm that COVID-19 can trigger in patients Ruxolitinib, a cancer treatment from Novartis and Regeneron, is also being tested for its potential to dampen the cytokine storm | input | 2 | 77,500 | 91 | 232,092 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 77,656 | 91 | 232,558 |
Alemtuzumab in Covid era | output | 1 | 77,656 | 91 | 232,559 |
BACKGROUND: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic impact on people with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS) continues to worry. The disease modifying therapies in pwMS can add a more severe risk of infection when compared to the general population. Alemtuzumab is an anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody and it is one of the most immunosuppressive drugs used in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). CASE DESCRIPTION: We present a case of Covid-19 infection that occurred in a 24-year-old woman with MS and treated with alemtuzumab. The infection occurred 4 months after administration of the first course of alemtuzumab and had a benign course with subsequent development of antibodies. Furthermore, we present a brief review of the literature on similar published cases. DISCUSSION: We reviewed 17 articles concerning COVID-19 infection in MS patients in treatment with Alemtuzumab. In our case and all screened cases no severe course of disease was noted and no fatality was observed. Systematic compilation of this observation comforts clinicians about the course of Covid-19 infection despite alemtuzumab immunosuppressive treatment CONCLUSIONS: The risk of serious COVID-19 disease in MS patients treated with alemtuzumab is unknown. Physicians need to monitor carefully pwMS treated with alemtuzumab and to consider COVID-19 infection related relapse in the MS patients. Further research is recommended to evaluate the beneficial-risk profile of alemtuzumab in pandemic era. | input | 2 | 77,656 | 91 | 232,560 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 77,776 | 91 | 232,918 |
JAK/STAT Pathway Inhibition May Be a Promising Therapy for COVID-19-Related Hyperinflammation in Hematologic Patients | output | 1 | 77,776 | 91 | 232,919 |
COVID-19 has rapidly become a major concern for the health systems worldwide. Its high contagiousness and associated mortality demand the discovery of helpful interventions with promising safety profile. Here, we report 3 severe COVID-19 cases, which achieved rapid and sustained improvement in outcome with the use of ruxolitinib, a JAK/STAT pathway inhibitor. | input | 2 | 77,776 | 91 | 232,920 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 77,787 | 91 | 232,951 |
Therapeutic safety and efficacy of triple-immunosuppressants versus dual-immunosuppressants in severe-to-critical COVID-19: a prospective cohort study in Bangladesh | output | 1 | 77,787 | 91 | 232,952 |
BACKGROUND: Hyperinflammation-induced respiratory failure is a leading cause of mortality in COVID-19 infection. Immunosuppressants such as, Baricitinib and interleukin inhibitors are the drug-of-choice to suppress cytokine storm in COVID-19. Here, we compared the therapeutic safety and efficacy of triple-immunosuppressants with dual-immunosuppressants in patients with severe-to-critical COVID-19. METHODS: This study was conducted on 103 confirmed COVID-19 patients. Of 103 patients, 49 (N) and 54 (N) patients received dual-immunosuppressants (baricitinib plus two doses of secukinumab) and triple immunosuppressants (baricitinib plus single dose of tocilizumab and secukinumab) in group A and group B, respectively. Groups were compared in terms of clinical outcome, critical support-requirement, survival, re-hospitalisation, and adverse events (AEs). RESULTS: Patients in group B achieved normal blood oxygen saturation level (SpO(2)) earlier than the patients of group A [4 day (IQR: 3–12) vs 5 day (IQR: 5–14), p < .05]. The requirement of intensive care unit (ICU) and mechanical ventilation (MV) support was less in group B than group A [16.7%/28.6%, 11.1%/18.4%, respectively p < .05]]. The incidence of COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome and 60-day all cause mortality was reduced in group B compared to group A [0.43 (0.19–0.98), p < .05; 0.35 (0.08–1.44), p > .05]. The 60-day re-hospitalisation rate was two-fold high in group A than group B (p = .024). Immunosuppressant-associated adverse events and secondary bacterial/fungal infections were relative high in patients of group B. CONCLUSIONS: Triple-immunosuppressants in severe-to-critical COVID-19 infection exhibited better clinical outcome; reduced ICU and MV requirement; shorter hospital stay with deceased 60-day all cause mortality and re-hospitalisation compared to dual-immunosuppressants. | input | 2 | 77,787 | 91 | 232,953 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 77,830 | 91 | 233,080 |
Ribavirin therapy for severe COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study | output | 1 | 77,830 | 91 | 233,081 |
The aim of this study was to compare ribavirin therapy versus supportive therapy only for patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A total of 115 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were retrospectively analysed. All patients received supportive care as well as regular laboratory and clinical monitoring. The 115 patients comprised 44 patients who received intravenous ribavirin (treatment group) and 71 who did not (control group). Baseline laboratory and clinical characteristics were similar between the two groups. The negative conversion time for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RT-PCR in the ribavirin group was 12.8 ± 4.1 days compared with 14.1 ± 3.5 days in the control group (P = 0.314). Moreover, 7/41 patients (17.1%) in the ribavirin group died compared with 17/69 (24.6%) in the control group (P = 0.475). Adverse effects were similar between the two groups. In conclusion, in patients with severe COVID-19, ribavirin therapy is not associated with improved negative conversion time for SARS-CoV-2 test and is not associated with an improved mortality rate. Further assessment in designed randomised controlled trials is recommended. | input | 2 | 77,830 | 91 | 233,082 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 77,844 | 91 | 233,122 |
High-Dose Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Multicenter Retrospective Study in China | output | 1 | 77,844 | 91 | 233,123 |
Background: The effective treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains unclear. We reported successful use of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in cases of severe COVID-19, but evidence from larger case series is still lacking. Methods: A multi-center retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of IVIg administered within two weeks of disease onset at a total dose of 2 g/kg body weight, in addition to standard care. The primary endpoint was 28-day mortality. Efficacy of high-dose IVIg was assessed by using the Cox proportional hazards regression model and the Kaplan-Meier curve adjusted by inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis, and IPTW after multiple imputation (MI) analysis. Results: Overall, 26 patients who received high-dose IVIg with standard therapy and 89 patients who received standard therapy only were enrolled in this study. The IVIg group was associated with a lower 28-day mortality rate and less time to normalization of inflammatory markers including IL-6, IL-10, and ferritin compared with the control. The adjusted HR of 28-day mortality in high-dose IVIg group was 0.24 (95% CI 0.06-0.99, p<0.001) in IPTW model, and 0.27 (95% CI 0.10-0.57, p=0.031) in IPTW-MI model. In subgroup analysis, patients with no comorbidities or treated in the first week of disease were associated with more benefit from high-dose IVIg. Conclusions: High-dose IVIg administered in severe COVID-19 patients within 14 days of onset was linked to reduced 28-day mortality, more prominent with those having no comorbidities or treated at earlier stage. | input | 2 | 77,844 | 91 | 233,124 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 77,890 | 91 | 233,260 |
Can pulse steroid therapy increase the risk of infection by COVID-19 in patients with multiple sclerosis? | output | 1 | 77,890 | 91 | 233,261 |
BACKGROUND: Iran is one of the countries with a high prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) and COVID-19.MS patients receiving the immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive therapy have a higher risk of infection. Due to the significance of determining the risk factors for getting COVID-19 among MS patients, the present study was designed to assess the risk of infection following the pulse steroid therapy. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included all MS patients that received corticosteroids in Tehran from December 2019 to August 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic spread. The subjects’ clinical records including their sex, age, the type of MS, the type of medication, the number of days using corticosteroids, the status of prednisolone intake, and the number of days receiving prednisolone after the corticosteroid therapy were obtained. Moreover, main outcomes such as COVID-19 infection and the occurrence of death were recorded by patient’s visits and follow-up phone calls. COVID-19 infection was confirmed by physicians according to the clinical performance of RT-PCR, chest CT scan, and antibody tests. RESULTS: Totally, 133 MS cases participated in the study, and the pulse therapy was completed for 104 (78.2%) patients up to 5−7 days. 89 (66.9%) cases used the prednisolone tablet following the pulse therapy. Overall, the infection by Covid-19 was observed in 8 (6%) cases, among whom 5 (71.4%) cases received the pulse therapy for 5−7 days and 4 (57.1%) cases had a history of taking the prednisolone tablet. The age of less than 40 years (OR = 1.03; 95% CI (0.23−4.51)), male sex (OR = 0.35; 95% CI (0.03−3.34)), and the RRMS type (OR = 2.87; 95% CI (0.52−15.72)) had no effect on the risk of Covid-19 infection. In addition, there was not statistically significant difference between subjects with the short-term pulse therapy duration (3−4 days) (OR 0.68 (0.12–3.74) and those with the long-term pulse therapy duration (5−7 days). Similarly, no statistically significant difference was observed between subjects taking prednisolone (OR = 1.62 (0.34–7.61) and those not taking prednisolone. Furthermore, there was no significant association between different medication groups and the risk of Covid-19 infection (p < 0.05). No death occurred due to Covid-19 infection among the subjects. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 infection was more common among female and younger patients as well as patients with a longer duration of the pulse therapy and prednisolone intake. There was no significant association between the pulse steroid therapy in MS patients and the risk of infection by COVID-19 in the Iranian population. | input | 2 | 77,890 | 91 | 233,262 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 77,912 | 91 | 233,326 |
Anti-inflammatory effects of GLP-1 in patients with COVID-19 | output | 1 | 77,912 | 91 | 233,327 |
INTRODUCTION: Understanding the pathogenesis and risk factors to control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is necessary. Due to the importance of the inflammatory pathways in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 patients, evaluating the effects of anti-inflammatory medications is important. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) is awell-known glucose-lowering agent with anti-inflammatory effects. AREAS COVERED: Resources were extracted from the PubMed database, using keywords such as glucagon-like peptide-1, GLP-1 RA, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, inflammation, in April2021. In this review, the effects of GLP-1RA in reducing inflammation and modifying risk factors of COVID-19 severe complications are discussed. However, GLP-1 is degraded by DPP-4 with aplasma half-life of about 2–5 minutes, which makes it difficult to measure GLP-1 plasma level in clinical settings. EXPERT OPINION: Since no definitive treatment is available for COVID-19 so far, determining promising targets to design and/or repurpose effective medications is necessary. | input | 2 | 77,912 | 91 | 233,328 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 77,922 | 91 | 233,356 |
A comparison of Remdesivir versus gold cluster in COVID-19 animal model: A better therapeutic outcome of gold cluster | output | 1 | 77,922 | 91 | 233,357 |
While gold compound have been approved for Rheumatoid arthritis treatment as it well suppresses inflammatory cytokines of patients, no such treatment is currently available for COVID-19 treatment in vivo . We firstly disclose gold cluster yields better therapeutic outcome than Remdesivir in COVID-19 hamster treatments as it is armed with direct inhibition viral replication and intrinsic suppression inflammatory cytokines expression. Crystal data reveals that Au (I), released from gold cluster (GA), covalently binds thiolate of Cys145 of SARS-CoV-2 M(pro). GA directly decreases SARS-CoV-2 viral replication and intrinsically down-regulates NFκB pathway therefore significantly inhibiting expression of inflammatory cytokines in cells. The inflammatory cytokines in GA-treated COVID-19 transgenic mice are found to be significantly lower than that of control mice. When COVID-19 golden hamsters are treated by GA, the lung inflammatory cytokines levels are significantly lower than that of Remdesivir. The pathological results show that GA treatment significantly reduce lung inflammatory injuries when compared to that of Remdesivir-treated COVID-19 hamsters. | input | 2 | 77,922 | 91 | 233,358 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 77,961 | 91 | 233,473 |
Maoto, a traditional herbal medicine, for post-exposure prophylaxis for Japanese healthcare workers exposed to COVID-19: A single center study | output | 1 | 77,961 | 91 | 233,474 |
Background Little research has been done on post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for COVID-19. This study was done to determine if maoto, a traditional herbal medicine commonly used for diseases with symptoms similar to those of COVID-19, can be repurposed for post-exposure prophylaxis to prevent the spread of nosocomial infection with SARS-CoV-2. Methods A cohort analysis was done of the data of 55 health care workers (HCWs) whether to get infected with SARS-CoV-2 in a Japanese hospital experiencing a COVID-19 cluster in April of 2021. Of these subjects, maoto granules for medical use were prescribed for PEP to 42 HCWs and taken for three days in mid-April. Controls were 13 HCWs who rejected the use of maoto. Polymerase chain reaction was performed routinely once or twice a week or when a participant presented with symptoms of COVID-19. Result There were no background differences between the maoto and control groups by profession, sex, or mean age. No severe adverse reactions were observed. During the observation period of 1 week, significantly fewer subjects were diagnosed with COVID-19 in the maoto group (N = 3, 7.1%) than in the control group (N = 6, 46.2%). The prophylactic effectiveness of maoto was 84.5%. Conclusion Oral administration of maoto is suggested to be effective as PEP against nosocomial COVID-19 infection. | input | 2 | 77,961 | 91 | 233,475 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 77,992 | 91 | 233,566 |
Toxicity of psychotropic drugs in patients with COVID-19: A systematic review | output | 1 | 77,992 | 91 | 233,567 |
OBJECTIVE: Due to the global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), guidance for the use of psychotropic drugs in this context is necessary. We aimed to review clinical evidence regarding the potential toxicity of psychiatric medications in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS: A systematic search for all types of empirical studies and reviews in a broad set of electronic databases and trial registries was conducted up to the 15th of August 2020. RESULTS: We identified 3 case series and 4 single-case reports on the occurrence of toxicity induced by various psychotropic drugs (lithium, n = 2; clozapine, n = 5; risperidone n = 2; haloperidol n = 1; duloxetine, n = 1). In addition, we provide a new case report on the possible precipitation of valproic acid-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy. In most cases, SARS-CoV-2 infection may have precipitated drug toxicity/side effects. The management of toxicity did not diverge from the usually applied principles in the absence of infection. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the limited available evidence, it is currently not possible to derive evidence-based recommendations for the use of psychotropic drugs in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nevertheless, we provide some guidance based on the reviewed literature. At the current state of knowledge, there is no contraindication for any psychotropic drug. Caution is warranted regarding the dosing and, in particular, the monitoring of clozapine, lithium and valproate. | input | 2 | 77,992 | 91 | 233,568 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 78,097 | 91 | 233,881 |
Glucocorticoids alone versus tocilizumab alone or glucocorticoids plus tocilizumab in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and mild inflammation./ Glucocorticoides solos versus tocilizumab solo o glucocorticoides más tocilizumab en pacientes con neumonía grave por SARS-CoV-2 e inflamación moderada | output | 1 | 78,097 | 91 | 233,882 |
AIM: To assess clinical outcomes according to the immunosuppressive treatment administered to patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and moderate inflammation. METHODS: A retrospective observational cohort study involving 142 patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and moderate inflammation divided into three treatment groups (pulses of methylprednisolone alone [groupI], tocilizumab alone [groupII] and methylprednisolone plus tocilizumab [groupIII]). The aim was to assess intergroups differences in the clinical course with a 60-day follow-up and related analytical factors. RESULTS: 14 patients (9,8%) died: 8 (10%) in groupI and 6 (9,5%) in groupsII andIII. 15 (10,6%) were admitted to ICU: 2 (2,5%) from groupI, 4 (28,5%) from groupII and 9 (18,4%) from groupIII. The mean hospital stay was longer in groupII and clinical outcome was not associated with treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Tocilizumab seems to be not associated with better clinical outcomes and should be reserved for clinical trial scenario, since its widespread use may result in higher rate of ICU admission and longer mean hospital stay without differences in mortality rate and potentially adverse events. | input | 2 | 78,097 | 91 | 233,883 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 78,102 | 91 | 233,896 |
Safety and Effectiveness of High-Dose Vitamin C in Patients with COVID-19;A Randomized Controlled open-label Clinical Trial | output | 1 | 78,102 | 91 | 233,897 |
Background: To assess the effectiveness of vitamin C treatment against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Methods: An open-label, randomized, and controlled trial was conducted on patients with severe COVID-19 infection. The case and control treatment groups each consisted of 30 patients. The control group received lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine and the case group received high-dose of vitamin C (six gr daily) added to the same regimen. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between two groups with respect to age and gender, laboratory results, and underlying diseases. On the 3 rd day of hospitalization, the mean core body temperatures was significantly lower and SpO2 was higher In the case group (p value = 0.001, and 0.014, respectively). The median length of hospitalization in case group which was significantly longer than the control group (8.5 days vs. 6.5 days) (p value = 0.0280). There was no significant difference in SpO2 levels at discharge time, the length of ICU stay, and mortality between the two groups. Conclusions: : We did not find significantly better outcomes in the group who were treated with high-dose vitamin C in addition to the main treatment regimen at discharge. Trial registration: The project was registered by Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials.IRCT20200411047025N1 | input | 2 | 78,102 | 91 | 233,898 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 78,324 | 91 | 234,562 |
Impact of anti-cancer therapy on disease severity and mortality in cancer patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis | output | 1 | 78,324 | 91 | 234,563 |
Background: Cancer patients are more vulnerable to Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and have a higher risk of adverse outcomes than the general population. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate whether anti-cancer therapies such as surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy will increase the severity and mortality of cancer patients with COVID-19.Methods: Relevant articles were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The search time was from December 1, 2019 to January 23, 2021. Meta-analysis was conducted using Revman 5.3 statistical software.Results: A total of 26 studies were included in this meta-analysis, involving 5571 cancer patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Meta-analysis showed that surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and targeted therapy were not associated with disease severity or mortality (107/688, OR =1.30, 95% CI[0.79, 2.13], P =0.30; 1956/2674, OR =1.27, 95% CI [0.95, 1.69], P =0.10; 342/1455, OR =1.20, 95% CI [0.90, 1.61], P =0.21; 503/1378, OR =0.92, 95% CI [0.72, 1.19], P =0.54, respectively).Conclusion: In cancer patients with COVID-19, anti-cancer therapy had no adverse effect on disease severity or mortality. Further research is necessary to determine the complex interrelationship between anti-cancer therapy, particularly chemotherapy, and COVID-19. | input | 2 | 78,324 | 91 | 234,564 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 78,450 | 91 | 234,940 |
[natural Therapeutic Factors in Medical Rehabilitation of Patients with Post-covid-19 at Outpatient Treatment Stage] | output | 1 | 78,450 | 91 | 234,941 |
The purpose of the research is to study therapeutic efficiency of medical rehabilitation of patients with Post-COVID-19 syndrome at outpatient treatment stage including natural therapeutic factors and phyto products in rehabilitation programme. In Nalchik resort 64 patients suffering from corona virus disease COVID-19 have been examined. They were distributed into 2 groups. 30 patients of the group of comparison were prescribed mineral water «Nalchik», exercise therapy, foam cocktails and rectal suppositories with thick licorice root extract. 34 patients of the main group additionally had natural aeroionophyto therapy along the route of mid-mountain natural park of Nalchik resort in combination with exercise therapy and group psychotherapy in park curative grounds and nitrogen thermal baths. The effectiveness was assessed with the help of the scale «Medical Research Council» (mMRC), the level of glycyrrhic acid in blood serum, functional tests, cardiointervalography in dynamics. The conducted comparative analysis proved the ability of natural therapeutic factors to influence the main life-supporting body systems positively. Therefore, the patients of the main group had a reduction of apnea by 29,4% (p<0,01) in comparison with the primary data, increase in adaptation capacity, on average, by 42,4% (p<0,01), improvement of physical activity, on average, by 36,2% (p<0,01), normalization of hemodynamic parameters. It was significantly better (by 20-25%, p<0,05) compared to the treatment in the group of comparison. There has been developed a new method of medical rehabilitation of patients with Post-COVID-19 syndrome at outpatient treatment stage including phytotherapy with licorice root extract and natural aeroionophyto therapy, exercise therapy, psychotherapy along the route of mid-mountain natural park in Nalchik resort, which significantly promotes (p<0,05) optimization of rehabilitation activities. | input | 2 | 78,450 | 91 | 234,942 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 78,513 | 91 | 235,129 |
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Tocilizumab Administration for the Treatment of Hospitalised Patients with COVID-19 | output | 1 | 78,513 | 91 | 235,130 |
Background: Tocilizumab, an IL-6 inhibitor, has been repurposed against the “cytokine storm” in the setting of COVID-19. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we evaluated the efficacy of tocilizumab in the management of hospitalised COVID-19.Methods: We searched MEDLINE, CENTRAL and medRxiv for studies of tocilizumab in hospitalised COVID-19 patients. Primary objective was the effectiveness of tocilizumab on mortality. Secondary objectives included the need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), composite endpoints of mortality or IMV and intensive care unit (ICU) admission or IMV, length of hospitalisation and differences in mortality in ICU and non-ICU patients and in those receiving concomitantly corticosteroids.Findings: We included 52 studies (9 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and 43 observational) with a total of 27,004 patients. In both RCTs and observational studies the use of tocilizumab was associated with a reduction in mortality;11% in RCTs (risk ratio, RR, 0.89, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.96;I 2 =0.3%) and 31% in observational studies (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.83;I 2 =84.0%). The need for IMV was reduced by 19% in RCTs (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.93), while a non-significant 19% reduction was observed in observational studies (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.14). Both RCTs and observational studies showed a benefit from tocilizumab on the composite endpoint of mortality or IMV. Tocilizumab improved mortality both in ICU and non-ICU patients. Reduction in mortality was evident in observational studies regardless of the use of systemic corticosteroids, while there was a trend in favour of the concomitant use in the RCTs. We observed large heterogeneity in data from observational studies and small heterogeneity in RCTs.Interpretation: Tocilizumab was associated with lower mortality and other clinically relevant outcomes in hospitalised patients with moderate to critical COVID-19.Funding Statement: No funding was received for this study.Declaration of Interests: All authors declare no conflict of interest pertaining to this work. | input | 2 | 78,513 | 91 | 235,131 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 78,649 | 91 | 235,537 |
Evaluation of Ivermectin as a Potential Treatment for Mild to Moderate COVID-19: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial in Eastern India. | output | 1 | 78,649 | 91 | 235,538 |
BACKGROUND There has been a growing interest in ivermectin ever since it was reported to have an in-vitro activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This trial was conducted to test the efficacy of ivermectin in mild and moderate coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). METHODS A double blind, parallel, randomised, placebo-controlled trial conducted among adult COVID-19 patients with mild to moderate disease severity on admission in a COVID dedicated tertiary healthcare of eastern India. Enrolment was done between 1st August and 31st October 2020. On day 1 and 2 post enrolment, patients in the intervention arm received ivermectin 12 mg while the patients in the non-interventional arm received placebo tablets. RESULTS About one-fourth (23.6%) of the patients in the intervention arm and one-third (31.6%) in the placebo arm were tested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) negative for SARS-CoV-2 on 6th day. Although this difference was found to be statistically insignificant [rate ratio (RR): 0.8; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.4-1.4; p=0.348]. All patients in the ivermectin group were successfully discharged. In comparison the same for the placebo group was observed to be 93%. This difference was found to be statistically significant (RR: 1.1; 95% CI; 1.0-1.2; p=0.045). CONCLUSIONS Inclusion of ivermectin in treatment regimen of mild to moderate COVID-19 patients could not be said with certainty based on our study results as it had shown only marginal benefit in successful discharge from the hospital with no other observed benefits. | input | 2 | 78,649 | 91 | 235,539 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 78,776 | 91 | 235,918 |
Colchicine to Weather the Cytokine Storm in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 | output | 1 | 78,776 | 91 | 235,919 |
The repurposing of colchicine for the treatment of COVID-19 was suggested based in its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-viral properties. We performed a single-center propensity score matched cohort study, including all consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted to a community hospital between 1 March 2020 and 30 May 2020. Patients were stratified according to the receipt of colchicine. The primary endpoint was defined as in-hospital death within 28-days follow-up. Secondary endpoints included favorable change in the Ordinal Scale for Clinical Improvement on days 14 and 28 versus baseline, proportion of patients not requiring supplemental oxygen on days 14 and 28, and proportion of patients discharged by day 28. In total data for 303 PCR positive COVID-19 patients were extracted and 66 patients were included in the 1:1 matched cohort study. At the end of the 28 day follow-up, patients receiving colchicine were approximately five times more likely to be discharged (odds ratio, 5.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.25–20.1; p = 0.023) and when comparing mortality, there were 3 deaths (9.1%) in patients receiving colchicine versus 11 deaths (33.3%) in the groups receiving standard of care (odds ratio, 0.20; 95% confidence interval, 0.05–0.80; p = 0.023). These observations warrant further investigation in large controlled clinical trials. | input | 2 | 78,776 | 91 | 235,920 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 78,888 | 91 | 236,254 |
A PHARMACOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK FOR INTEGRATING TREATING THE HOST, REPURPOSING AND THE DAMAGE RESPONSE FRAMEWORK IN COVID‐19 | output | 1 | 78,888 | 91 | 236,255 |
With any new disease a framework for development of preventative or treatment therapeutics is key; the absence of such in COVID‐19 has enabled ineffective and potentially unsafe treatments to be taken up by Governments and clinicians desperate to have options for patients. As we still have few therapies and nil vaccines yet available, the void of a clear framework for research and practice is increasingly clear. We describe a framework that has been used to prioritise therapeutic research in previous pandemics which could be used to progress clinical pharmacology and therapeutics research in COVID‐19. This is particularly relevant as discussion has already moved on from antiviral therapeutics, to delineating the treatment of the host from treatment and elimination of the infective agent. Focussing on the host brings together three concepts; host treatment, the damage response framework and therapeutic repurposing. The integration of these three areas play to the traditional strength of pharmaceuticals in providing a period of stabilization to permit time for the development of novel anti‐viral drugs and vaccines. In integrating approaches to repurposing, host treatment and damage response we identified three key properties that a potentially effective repurposed drug must possess by way of a framework. There must be homology i.e. the same or similar relation, with the pathogenesis of the disease, ideally targeted to the conserved pathophysiological outcomes of the viral attack, have a defined locus within the spectrum from prevention to severe disease and draw upon the historical dose and safety experience of the repurposed drug. To illustrate, we have mapped therapeutics that impact upon a key dysregulated pathway in COVID‐19 ‐ the renin angiotensin system‐ using this approach. Collectively this type of analysis reveals the importance of existing data (repurposed information and administrative observational) and the importance of the details of the known pathophysiological response to viruses in approaches to treating the host. | input | 2 | 78,888 | 91 | 236,256 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 78,986 | 91 | 236,548 |
LB1. Remdesivir for the Treatment of High-Risk Non-Hospitalized Individuals With COVID-19: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial | output | 1 | 78,986 | 91 | 236,549 |
BACKGROUND: Remdesivir (RDV) is a potent nucleotide prodrug inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of patients hospitalized with moderate to severe COVID-19. This Phase 3 (GS-US-540–9012) double-blind, placebo-controlled study compared the efficacy and safety of 3 days of RDV to standard of care in non-hospitalized, high-risk participants with confirmed COVID-19. Table 1. COVID-19 related hospitalization or death, COVID-19 related medically attended visits or death, and Treatment Emergent Adverse Events [Image: see text] METHODS: Participants were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive intravenous (IV) RDV (200 mg on day 1, 100 mg on days 2 to 3) or placebo. The primary efficacy endpoint was composite COVID-19 hospitalization or all-cause death by day 28 and compared using Cox proportional hazards model with baseline stratification factors as covariates. The primary safety endpoint was proportion of participants with treatment-emergent adverse events. Study enrollment was terminated early for administrative reasons in light of the evolving pandemic. RESULTS: 562 patients underwent randomization and started their assigned treatment (279, RDV; 283, placebo). Baseline demographics and characteristics were balanced across arms. Overall, 52% were male, 44% were Hispanic/Latino ethnicity and 30% were ≥ 60 years old. The most common comorbidities were diabetes mellitus (62%), obesity (56%; median BMI, 30.7), and hypertension (48%). Median baseline SARS-CoV-2 RNA nasopharyngeal viral load was 6.2 log(10) copies/mL. Treatment with RDV significantly reduced COVID-19 hospitalization or all-cause death by day 28 (HR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.03 – 0.59; p = 0.008; Table 1) compared to placebo. Participants receiving RDV also had significantly lower risk for COVID-19-related medically attended visits or all-cause death by day 28 compared to placebo (HR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.07 – 0.56; p = 0.002; Table 1). No deaths occurred in either arm by day 28. There was no difference between arms in time-weighted average change in nasopharyngeal viral loads from baseline up to day 7. The proportion of patients with AEs was similar between arms (Table 1); the most common AEs in the RDV arm were nausea (11%), headache (6%), and diarrhea (4%). CONCLUSION: A 3-day course of IV RDV was safe, well tolerated and highly effective at preventing COVID-19 related hospitalization or death in high-risk non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients. DISCLOSURES: Joshua A. Hill, MD, Allogene (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Consultant; Allovir (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Consultant, Grant/Research Support; Amplyx (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Consultant; Covance/CSL (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Consultant; CRISPR (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Consultant; Gilead (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Consultant, Grant/Research Support; Karius: Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator; Medscape (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Consultant; Octapharma (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Consultant; OptumHealth (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Consultant; Takeda (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Consultant, Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator Roger Paredes, MD, PhD, Gilead Sciences, Inc (Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator, Advisor or Review Panel member) Carlos Vaca, MD, Gilead Sciences, Inc (Scientific Research Study Investigator) Jorge Mera, MD, Gilead Sciences, Inc (Consultant, Study Investigator (payment to employer not self)) Gilberto Perez, MD, Gilead Sciences, Inc (Scientific Research Study Investigator) Godson Oguchi, MD, Gilead Sciences, Inc (Scientific Research Study Investigator) Pablo Ryan, MD PhD, Gilead Sciences, Inc (Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator, Advisor or Review Panel member) Jan Gerstoft, MD, Gilead Sciences, Inc (Other Financial or Material Support, Study Investigator (payment to employer)) Michael Brown, FRCP PhD, Gilead Sciences, Inc (Scientific Research Study Investigator, Investigator for numerous remdesivir trials (employer received compensation)) Morgan Katz, MD, MHS, Roche (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Advisor or Review Panel member; Skinclique (Individual(s) Involved: Self): Consultant Gregory Camus, PhD, Gilead Sciences (Employee, Shareholder) Danielle P. Porter, PhD, Gilead Sciences (Employee, Shareholder) Robert H. Hyland, DPhil, Gilead Sciences, Inc (Shareholder, Other Financial or Material Support, Employee during the conduct of this trial) Shuguang Chen, PhD, Gilead Sciences, Inc (Employee, Shareholder) Kavita Juneja, MD, Gilead Sciences, Inc (Employee) Anu Osinusi, MD, Gilead Sciences, Inc (Employee, Shareholder) Frank Duff, MD, Gilead Sciences, Inc (Employee, Shareholder) Robert L. Gottlieb, MD, Eli Lilly (Scientific Research Study Investigator, Advisor or Review Panel member)Gilead Sciences (Scientific Research Study Investigator, Advisor or Review Panel member, Other Financial or Material Support, Gift in kind to Baylor Scott and White Research Institute for NCT03383419)GSK (Advisor or Review Panel member)Johnson and Johnson (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Kinevant (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Roche/Genentech (Scientific Research Study Investigator) | input | 2 | 78,986 | 91 | 236,550 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 78,999 | 91 | 236,587 |
Safety of DW-MSC infusion in patients with low clinical risk COVID-19 infection: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial | output | 1 | 78,999 | 91 | 236,588 |
BACKGROUND: Due to their immunomodulatory properties, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been proposed to have therapeutic potential to improve clinical outcomes in COVID-19. However, the safety and efficacy profile of MSC infusion therapy in patients with non-severe COVID-19 infection has not been completely established; there is, in particular, a substantial void in the literature on dose-dependent studies of MSC infusion in patients with low clinical risk COVID-19 infection. METHODS: This phase 1 double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial examines the safety, feasibility, and tolerability of 2 doses (high and low) of DW-MSC in patients with low clinical risk COVID-19. A total of 9 patients were enrolled in this study and randomized into low-dose (TL), high-dose (TH), and placebo (C) groups. Subjects in the TL and TH groups received single intravenous infusions of 5.0 × 10(7) cells and 1.0 × 10(8) cells, respectively. The main outcome was the occurrence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAE) during the 28-day study period. Vital signs and various inflammatory markers were also monitored weekly during the observation period. RESULTS: There were no apparent differences in clinical characteristics between study groups (TL, TH, and C) at baseline. All patients did not show the progression of severity during the study period. During the course of the study, 6 episodes of TEAE were observed in 5 subjects; however, none of the TEAEs were severe. During the follow-up period, 8 subjects recovered and were discharged from the hospital without complications. A subject exhibited abnormal liver function biomarkers at the end of the study period. Changes in inflammatory markers throughout the clinical course were not vastly different across study groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our clinical trial has provided reliable results regarding the safety of MSCs in low clinical risk COVID-19 subjects treated with MSCs. However, further confirmation of the therapeutic efficacy aspects of MSC will require large-scale randomized controlled trials in subjects with varying severity profiles for COVID-19. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04535856. Registered 2 September 2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04535856 SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-02812-4. | input | 2 | 78,999 | 91 | 236,589 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 79,065 | 91 | 236,785 |
Convalescent plasma in the management of moderate covid-19 in adults in India: open label phase II multicentre randomised controlled trial (PLACID Trial) | output | 1 | 79,065 | 91 | 236,786 |
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of using convalescent plasma to treat moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) in adults in India. DESIGN: Open label, parallel arm, phase II, multicentre, randomised controlled trial. SETTING: 39 public and private hospitals across India. PARTICIPANTS: 464 adults (≥18 years) admitted to hospital (screened 22 April to 14 July 2020) with confirmed moderate covid-19 (partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood/fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO(2)/FiO(2)) ratio between 200 mm Hg and 300 mm Hg or a respiratory rate of more than 24/min with oxygen saturation 93% or less on room air): 235 were assigned to convalescent plasma with best standard of care (intervention arm) and 229 to best standard of care only (control arm). INTERVENTIONS: Participants in the intervention arm received two doses of 200 mL convalescent plasma, transfused 24 hours apart. The presence and levels of neutralising antibodies were not measured a priori; stored samples were assayed at the end of the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Composite of progression to severe disease (PaO(2)/FiO(2) <100 mm Hg) or all cause mortality at 28 days post-enrolment. RESULTS: Progression to severe disease or all cause mortality at 28 days after enrolment occurred in 44 (19%) participants in the intervention arm and 41 (18%) in the control arm (risk difference 0.008 (95% confidence interval −0.062 to 0.078); risk ratio 1.04, 95% confidence interval 0.71 to 1.54). CONCLUSION: Convalescent plasma was not associated with a reduction in progression to severe covid-19 or all cause mortality. This trial has high generalisability and approximates convalescent plasma use in real life settings with limited laboratory capacity. A priori measurement of neutralising antibody titres in donors and participants might further clarify the role of convalescent plasma in the management of covid-19. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trial Registry of India CTRI/2020/04/024775. | input | 2 | 79,065 | 91 | 236,787 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 79,308 | 91 | 237,514 |
Aerosolized nanoliposomal carrier of remdesivir: an effective alternative for COVID-19 treatment in vitro | output | 1 | 79,308 | 91 | 237,515 |
Aim: To formulate an aerosolized nanoliposomal carrier for remdesivir (AL-Rem) against coronavirus disease 2019. Methods: AL-Rem was prepared using modified hydration technique. Cytotoxicity in lung adenocarcinoma cells, stability and aerodynamic characteristics of developed liposomes were evaluated. Results: AL-Rem showed high encapsulation efficiency of 99.79%, with hydrodynamic diameter of 71.46 ± 1.35 nm and surface charge of -32 mV. AL-Rem demonstrated minimal cytotoxicity in A549 cells and retained monolayer integrity of Calu-3 cells. AL-Rem showed sustained release, with complete drug release obtained within 50 h in simulated lung fluid. Long-term stability indicated >90% drug recovery at 4°C. Desirable aerosol performance, with mass median aerodynamic diameter of 4.56 ± 0.55 and fine particle fraction of 74.40 ± 2.96%, confirmed successful nebulization of AL-Rem. Conclusion: AL-Rem represents an effective alternative for coronavirus disease 2019 treatment. | input | 2 | 79,308 | 91 | 237,516 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 79,316 | 91 | 237,538 |
Antipsychotic-Induced Immune Dysfunction: A Consideration for COVID-19 Risk | output | 1 | 79,316 | 91 | 237,539 |
Patients with severe mental illness are more susceptible to infections for a variety of reasons, some associated with the underlying disease and some due to environmental factors including housing insecurity, smoking, poor access to healthcare, and medications used to treat these disorders. This increased susceptibility to respiratory infections may contribute to risk of COVID-19 infection in patients with severe mental illness or those in inpatient settings. Atypical antipsychotic (AA) medications are FDA approved to treat symptoms associated with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression and irritability associated with autism. Our team and others have shown that AA may have anti-inflammatory properties that may contribute to their efficacy in the treatment of mental health disorders. Additionally, AA are widely prescribed off-label for diverse indications to non-psychotic patients including older adults, who are also at increased risk for COVID-19 complications and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine if AA medications such as risperidone (RIS) alter the ability to mount an appropriate response to an acute inflammatory or adaptive immune challenge using a preclinical model. Short-term treatment of healthy mice with a dose of RIS that achieves plasma concentrations within the low clinical range resulted in disrupted response to an inflammatory (LPS) challenge compared to vehicle controls. Furthermore, RIS also prevented treated animals from mounting an antibody response following vaccination with Pneumovax23®. These data indicate that short- to intermediate-term exposure to clinically relevant levels of RIS dysregulate innate and adaptive immune responses, which may affect susceptibility to respiratory infections, including COVID-19. | input | 2 | 79,316 | 91 | 237,540 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 79,555 | 91 | 238,255 |
Rapid review of suspected adverse drug events due to remdesivir in the WHO database; findings and implications | output | 1 | 79,555 | 91 | 238,256 |
Objectives: Remdesivir has shown promise in the management of patients with COVID-19 although recent studies have shown concerns with its effectiveness in practice. Despite this there is a need to document potential adverse drug events (ADEs) to guide future decisions as limited ADE data available before the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Interrogation of WHO VigiBase® from 2015 to 2020 coupled with published studies of ADEs in COVID-19 patients. The main outcome measures are the extent of ADEs broken down by factors including age, seriousness, region and organ. Results: A total 1086 ADEs were reported from the 439 individual case reports up to July 19, 2020, in the VigiBase®, reduced to 1004 once duplicates were excluded. Almost all ADEs concerned COVID-19 patients (92.5%), with an appreciable number from the Americas (67.7%). The majority of ADEs were from males > 45 years and were serious (82.5%). An increase in hepatic enzymes (32.1%), renal injury (14.4%), rise in creatinine levels (11.2%), and respiratory failure (6.4%) were the most frequently reported ADEs. Conclusions: Deterioration of liver and kidney function are frequently observed ADEs with remdesivir; consequently, patients should be monitored for these ADEs. The findings are in line with ADEs included in regulatory authority documents. | input | 2 | 79,555 | 91 | 238,257 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 79,569 | 91 | 238,297 |
Efficacy of Brazilian Green Propolis (EPP-AF®) as an adjunct treatment for hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a randomized, controlled clinical trial | output | 1 | 79,569 | 91 | 238,298 |
BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) promotes challenging immune and inflammatory phenomena. Though various therapeutic possibilities have been tested against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the most adequate treatment has not yet been established. Propolis is a natural product with considerable evidence of immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory activities, and experimental data point to potential against viral targets. We hypothesized that propolis can reduce the negative effects of COVID-19. METHODS: In a randomized, controlled, open-label, single center trial, hospitalized adult COVID-19 patients were treated with a standardized green propolis extract (EPP-AF®️) as an adjunct therapy. Patients were allocated to receive standard care plus an oral dose of 400 mg or 800 mg/day of green propolis for seven days, or standard care alone. Standard care included all necessary interventions, as determined by the attending physician. The primary end point was the time to clinical improvement, defined as the length of hospital stay or oxygen therapy dependency duration. Secondary outcomes included acute kidney injury and need for intensive care or vasoactive drugs. Patients were followed for 28 days after admission. RESULTS: We enrolled 124 patients; 40 were assigned to EPP-AF®️ 400 mg/day, 42 to EPP-AF®️ 800 mg/day, and 42 to the control group. The length of hospital stay post-intervention was shorter in both propolis groups than in the control group; lower dose, median 7 days versus 12 days (95% confidence interval [CI] -6.23 to -0.07; p=0.049) and higher dose, median 6 days versus 12 days (95% CI -7.00 to -1.09; p=0.009). Propolis did not significantly affect the need for oxygen supplementation. In the high dose propolis group, there was a lower rate of acute kidney injury than in the controls (4.8 vs 23.8%), (odds ratio [OR] 0.18; 95% CI 0.03 to 0.84; p=0.048). No patient had propolis treatment discontinued due to adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Addition of propolis to the standard care procedures resulted in clinical benefits for the hospitalized COVID-19 patients, especially evidenced by a reduction in the length of hospital stay. Consequently, we conclude that propolis can reduce the impact of COVID-19. | input | 2 | 79,569 | 91 | 238,299 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 79,576 | 91 | 238,318 |
Hospital admissions in inflammatory rheumatic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic: incidence and role of disease modifying agents | output | 1 | 79,576 | 91 | 238,319 |
Background: In this pandemia, it is essential for rheumatologist and patients to know the relationship between COVID-19 and inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRD). We want to assess the role of targeted synthetic or biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (ts/bDMARDs) and other variables in the development of moderate-severe COVID-19 disease in IRD. Methods: An observational longitudinal study was conducted (1stMar to 15thApr 2020). All patients from the rheumatology outpatient clinic from a hospital in Madrid with a medical diagnosis of IRD were included. Main outcome: hospital admission related to COVID-19. Independent variable: ts/bDMARDs. Covariates: sociodemographic, comorbidities, type of IRD diagnosis, glucocorticoids, NSAIDs and conventional synthetic DMARDs (csDMARDs). Incidence rate (IR) of hospital admission related to COVID-19, was expressed per 1,000 patients-month. Cox multivariate regression analysis was run to examine the influence of ts/bDMARDs and other covariates on IR. Results: 3,591 IRD patients were included (5,896 patients-month). Concerning csDMARDs, methotrexate was the most used followed by antimalarials. 802 patients were on ts/bDMARDs, mainly anti-TNF agents, and rituximab. Hospital admissions related to COVID-19 occurred in 54 patients (1.36%) with an IR of 9.15 [95%CI: 7-11.9]. In the multivariate analysis, older, male gender, presence of comorbidities and specific systemic autoimmune conditions (Sjoegren, polychondritis, Raynaud and mixed connective tissue disease) had more risk of hospital admissions regardless other factors. Exposition to ts/bDMARDs did not achieve statistical signification. Use of glucocorticoids, NSAIDs, and csDMARDs dropped from the final model. Conclusion: This study provides additional evidence in IRD patients regarding susceptibility to moderate-severe infection related to COVID-19. | input | 2 | 79,576 | 91 | 238,320 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 79,677 | 91 | 238,621 |
Association Between Treatments and Short-Term Biochemical Improvements and Clinical Outcomes in Post-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Inflammatory Syndrome | output | 1 | 79,677 | 91 | 238,622 |
OBJECTIVES: To 1) analyze the short-term biochemical improvements and clinical outcomes following treatment of children with post-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 inflammatory syndrome (multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children/pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) admitted to U.K. PICUs and 2) collate current treatment guidance from U.K. PICUs. DESIGN: Multicenter observational study. SETTING: Twenty-one U.K. PICUs. PATIENTS: Children (< 18 yr) admitted to U.K. PICUs between April 1, 2020, and May 10, 2020, fulfilling the U.K. case definition of pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Routinely collected, deidentified data were analyzed. Propensity score and linear mixed effects models were used to analyze the effect of steroids, IV immunoglobulin, and biologic agents on changes in C-reactive protein, platelet counts, and lymphocyte counts over the course of PICU stay. Treatment recommendations from U.K. clinical guidelines were analyzed. Over the 6-week study period, 59 of 78 children (76%) received IV immunoglobulin, 57 of 78 (73%) steroids, and 18 of 78 (24%) a biologic agent. We found no evidence of a difference in response in clinical markers of inflammation between patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children/pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 who were treated with IV immunoglobulin, steroids, or biologics, compared with those who were not. By the end of the study period, most patients had received immunomodulation. The 12 patients who did not receive any immunomodulators had similar decrease in inflammatory markers as those treated. Of the 14 guidelines analyzed, the use of IV immunoglobulin, steroids, and biologics was universally recommended. CONCLUSIONS: We were unable to identify any short-term benefit from any of the treatments, or treatment combinations, administered. Despite a lack of evidence, treatment guidelines for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children/pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 have become very similar in advising step-wise treatments. Retaining clinical equipoise regarding treatment will allow clinicians to enroll children in robust clinical trials to determine the optimal treatment for this novel important condition. | input | 2 | 79,677 | 91 | 238,623 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 79,730 | 91 | 238,780 |
The potential health and economic impact of dexamethasone treatment for patients with COVID-19 | output | 1 | 79,730 | 91 | 238,781 |
Dexamethasone has been shown to reduce mortality in hospitalised COVID-19 patients needing oxygen and ventilation by 18% and 36%, respectively. Here, we estimate the potential number of lives saved and life years gained if this treatment would be rolled out in the UK and globally, as well as its cost-effectiveness of implementing this intervention. We estimate that, for the UK, approximately 12,000 [4,250 - 27,000] lives could be saved by January 2021. Assuming that dexamethasone has a similar effect size in settings where access to oxygen therapies is limited, this would translate into approximately 650,000 [240,000 - 1,400,000] lives saved globally. If dexamethasone acts differently in these settings, the impact could be less than half of this value. To estimate the full potential of dexamethasone in the global fight against COVID-19, it is essential to perform clinical research in settings with limited access to oxygen and/or ventilators, e.g. in low and middle-income countries. | input | 2 | 79,730 | 91 | 238,782 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 79,758 | 91 | 238,864 |
Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns at COVID-19 Dedicated Wards in Bangladesh: Findings from a Single Center Study | output | 1 | 79,758 | 91 | 238,865 |
Background: As evidence is mounting regarding irrational and often unnecessary use of antibiotics during the COVID-19 pandemic a cross-sectional Point Prevalence Survey (PPS) (in accordance with WHO guideline) was conducted across COVID-19 dedicated wards in Dhaka Medical College and Hospital (DMCH). Methodology: Antibiotic usage data were collected from 193 patients at different COVID-19 dedicated wards at DMCH on 11 June 2020. Comparisons in antibiotic usage were made between different groups using Pearson chi-square and Fisher’s exact test. Result: Findings reveal all surveyed patients (100%) were receiving at least one antibiotic with 133 patients (68.91%) receiving multiple antibiotics. Overall, patients presenting with the severe disease received more antibiotics. Third-generation cephalosporins (i.e. ceftriaxone) (53.8%), meropenem (40.9%), moxifloxacin (29.5%), and doxycycline (25.4%) were the four most prescribed antibiotics among surveyed patients. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was independently associated with multiple antibiotic prescribing. Abnormal C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum d-dimer were linked with higher odds of multiple antibiotic prescribing among study patients. Conclusion: Prevalence of multiple antibiotic prescriptions was high among severely ill patients and those with abnormal CRP and d-dimer levels. Data regarding the quality of antibiotic prescribing were lacking. | input | 2 | 79,758 | 91 | 238,866 |
Please summerize the given abstract to a title | instruction | 0 | 79,760 | 91 | 238,870 |
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