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c_rqf54lr5q5ec | In mathematics, variation of parameters, also known as variation of constants, is a general method to solve inhomogeneous linear ordinary differential equations. For first-order inhomogeneous linear differential equations it is usually possible to find solutions via integrating factors or undetermined coefficients with... | Variation of parameters |
c_ass5tfgkcyjd | In mathematics, variational perturbation theory (VPT) is a mathematical method to convert divergent power series in a small expansion parameter, say s = ∑ n = 0 ∞ a n g n {\displaystyle s=\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }a_{n}g^{n}} ,into a convergent series in powers s = ∑ n = 0 ∞ b n / ( g ω ) n {\displaystyle s=\sum _{n=0}^{\in... | Variational perturbation theory |
c_ea1j3rx34fob | The convergence is exponentially fast.After its success in quantum mechanics, VPT has been developed further to become an important mathematical tool in quantum field theory with its anomalous dimensions. Applications focus on the theory of critical phenomena. It has led to the most accurate predictions of critical exp... | Variational perturbation theory |
c_f90wl59lu9cj | In mathematics, vector algebra may mean: Linear algebra, specifically the basic algebraic operations of vector addition and scalar multiplication; see vector space. The algebraic operations in vector calculus, namely the specific additional structure of vectors in 3-dimensional Euclidean space R 3 {\displaystyle \mathb... | Vector algebra |
c_c2kvst8pr1qz | In mathematics, vector bundles on algebraic curves may be studied as holomorphic vector bundles on compact Riemann surfaces, which is the classical approach, or as locally free sheaves on algebraic curves C in a more general, algebraic setting (which can for example admit singular points). Some foundational results on ... | Vector bundles on algebraic curves |
c_dyv8dl2gkbbh | The Riemann–Roch theorem for vector bundles was proved by Weil (1938), before the 'vector bundle' concept had really any official status. Although, associated ruled surfaces were classical objects. See Hirzebruch–Riemann–Roch theorem for his result. | Vector bundles on algebraic curves |
c_5mpfkp8nxexn | He was seeking a generalization of the Jacobian variety, by passing from holomorphic line bundles to higher rank. This idea would prove fruitful, in terms of moduli spaces of vector bundles. following on the work in the 1960s on geometric invariant theory. | Vector bundles on algebraic curves |
c_o1b91735scwg | In mathematics, vector multiplication may refer to one of several operations between two (or more) vectors. It may concern any of the following articles: Dot product – also known as the "scalar product", a binary operation that takes two vectors and returns a scalar quantity. The dot product of two vectors can be defin... | Vector multiplication |
c_axj1bnf3swwb | Thus, A ⟶ {\displaystyle {\stackrel {\,\longrightarrow }{A}}} ⋅ B ⟶ {\displaystyle {\stackrel {\,\longrightarrow }{B}}} = | A ⟶ {\displaystyle {\stackrel {\,\longrightarrow }{A}}} | | B ⟶ {\displaystyle {\stackrel {\,\longrightarrow }{B}}} | cos θMore generally, a bilinear product in an algebra over a field. Cross prod... | Vector multiplication |
c_jai9tt1ejwqp | So, if n̂ is the unit vector perpendicular to the plane determined by vectors A and B, A ⟶ {\displaystyle {\stackrel {\,\longrightarrow }{A}}} × B ⟶ {\displaystyle {\stackrel {\,\longrightarrow }{B}}} = | A ⟶ {\displaystyle {\stackrel {\,\longrightarrow }{A}}} | | B ⟶ {\displaystyle {\stackrel {\,\longrightarrow }{B}}}... | Vector multiplication |
c_b4m41kpdwm9y | In mathematics, vector spherical harmonics (VSH) are an extension of the scalar spherical harmonics for use with vector fields. The components of the VSH are complex-valued functions expressed in the spherical coordinate basis vectors. | Vector spherical harmonics |
c_i81ueycxlq85 | In mathematics, von Neumann's theorem is a result in the operator theory of linear operators on Hilbert spaces. | Von Neumann's theorem |
c_5ctrgbaarxpm | In mathematics, weak bialgebras are a generalization of bialgebras that are both algebras and coalgebras but for which the compatibility conditions between the two structures have been "weakened". In the same spirit, weak Hopf algebras are weak bialgebras together with a linear map S satisfying specific conditions; the... | Weak Hopf algebra |
c_vrd9s9gykwga | The first motivations for studying them came from quantum field theory and operator algebras. Weak Hopf algebras have quite interesting representation theory; in particular modules over a semisimple finite weak Hopf algebra is a fusion category (which is a monoidal category with extra properties). It was also shown by ... | Weak Hopf algebra |
c_fq0wiz6aiyxs | In mathematics, weak convergence in a Hilbert space is convergence of a sequence of points in the weak topology. | Banach-Saks theorem |
c_tjhxb1y959s0 | In mathematics, weak topology is an alternative term for certain initial topologies, often on topological vector spaces or spaces of linear operators, for instance on a Hilbert space. The term is most commonly used for the initial topology of a topological vector space (such as a normed vector space) with respect to it... | Weak limit |
c_i07gyynmgyr0 | In mathematics, well-behaved topological spaces can be localized at primes, in a similar way to the localization of a ring at a prime. This construction was described by Dennis Sullivan in 1970 lecture notes that were finally published in (Sullivan 2005). The reason to do this was in line with an idea of making topolog... | Localization of a topological space |
c_ywrfrjpnsz91 | In mathematics, when X is a finite set with at least two elements, the permutations of X (i.e. the bijective functions from X to X) fall into two classes of equal size: the even permutations and the odd permutations. If any total ordering of X is fixed, the parity (oddness or evenness) of a permutation σ {\displaystyle... | Parity of a permutation |
c_si6bzculeta0 | Another notation for the sign of a permutation is given by the more general Levi-Civita symbol (εσ), which is defined for all maps from X to X, and has value zero for non-bijective maps. The sign of a permutation can be explicitly expressed as sgn(σ) = (−1)N(σ)where N(σ) is the number of inversions in σ. Alternatively,... | Parity of a permutation |
c_wq384icyuzgx | In mathematics, when a mathematical phenomenon runs counter to some intuition, then the phenomenon is sometimes called pathological. On the other hand, if a phenomenon does not run counter to intuition, it is sometimes called well-behaved. These terms are sometimes useful in mathematical research and teaching, but ther... | Pathological (mathematics) |
c_1obz4zxf0jlr | In mathematics, when the elements of some set S {\displaystyle S} have a notion of equivalence (formalized as an equivalence relation), then one may naturally split the set S {\displaystyle S} into equivalence classes. These equivalence classes are constructed so that elements a {\displaystyle a} and b {\displaystyle b... | Canonical projection map |
c_tvgixc5h83tf | It may be proven, from the defining properties of equivalence relations, that the equivalence classes form a partition of S . {\displaystyle S.} | Canonical projection map |
c_l2x94g4pijp2 | This partition—the set of equivalence classes—is sometimes called the quotient set or the quotient space of S {\displaystyle S} by ∼ , {\displaystyle \,\sim \,,} and is denoted by S / ∼ {\displaystyle S/{\sim }} . When the set S {\displaystyle S} has some structure (such as a group operation or a topology) and the equi... | Canonical projection map |
c_k2twtsa1d3d0 | In mathematics, with special application to complex analysis, a normal family is a pre-compact subset of the space of continuous functions. Informally, this means that the functions in the family are not widely spread out, but rather stick together in a somewhat "clustered" manner. Note that a compact family of continu... | Normal family |
c_8ixky3fuy4iz | Sometimes, if each function in a normal family F satisfies a particular property (e.g. is holomorphic), then the property also holds for each limit point of the set F. More formally, let X and Y be topological spaces. The set of continuous functions f: X → Y {\displaystyle f:X\to Y} has a natural topology called the co... | Normal family |
c_jkav14gdljbm | In mathematics, zero dynamics is known as the concept of evaluating the effect of zero on systems. | Zero dynamics |
c_3kzdngyc0w3u | In mathematics, zero is an even number. In other words, its parity—the quality of an integer being even or odd—is even. This can be easily verified based on the definition of "even": it is an integer multiple of 2, specifically 0 × 2. As a result, zero shares all the properties that characterize even numbers: for examp... | Zero is even |
c_dsxagtema27z | Zero also fits into the patterns formed by other even numbers. The parity rules of arithmetic, such as even − even = even, require 0 to be even. Zero is the additive identity element of the group of even integers, and it is the starting case from which other even natural numbers are recursively defined. | Zero is even |
c_y0rb30dmvgrn | Applications of this recursion from graph theory to computational geometry rely on zero being even. Not only is 0 divisible by 2, it is divisible by every power of 2, which is relevant to the binary numeral system used by computers. In this sense, 0 is the "most even" number of all.Among the general public, the parity ... | Zero is even |
c_m98flu5e9tw7 | In reaction time experiments, most people are slower to identify 0 as even than 2, 4, 6, or 8. Some teachers—and some children in mathematics classes—think that zero is odd, or both even and odd, or neither. | Zero is even |
c_f4zs22cyxyp2 | Researchers in mathematics education propose that these misconceptions can become learning opportunities. Studying equalities like 0 × 2 = 0 can address students' doubts about calling 0 a number and using it in arithmetic. Class discussions can lead students to appreciate the basic principles of mathematical reasoning,... | Zero is even |
c_429c6g3jtekf | In mathematics, zero-sum Ramsey theory or zero-sum theory is a branch of combinatorics. It deals with problems of the following kind: given a combinatorial structure whose elements are assigned different weights (usually elements from an Abelian group A {\displaystyle A} ), one seeks for conditions that guarantee the e... | Zero-sum Ramsey theory |
c_9n5tjrvdszo0 | (This bound is tight, as a sequence of m − 1 {\displaystyle m-1} zeroes and m − 1 {\displaystyle m-1} ones cannot have any subset of size m {\displaystyle m} summing to zero.) There are known proofs of this result using the Cauchy-Davenport theorem, Fermat's little theorem, or the Chevalley–Warning theorem.Generalizing... | Zero-sum Ramsey theory |
c_03o5bxkrus3p | In mathematics, σ-approximation adjusts a Fourier summation to greatly reduce the Gibbs phenomenon, which would otherwise occur at discontinuities.A σ-approximated summation for a series of period T can be written as follows: in terms of the normalized sinc function The term is the Lanczos σ factor, which is responsibl... | Sigma approximation |
c_prqrm0tfbfgs | In mathematics, ψ0(Ωω), widely known as Buchholz's ordinal, is a large countable ordinal that is used to measure the proof-theoretic strength of some mathematical systems. In particular, it is the proof theoretic ordinal of the subsystem Π 1 1 {\displaystyle \Pi _{1}^{1}} -CA0 of second-order arithmetic; this is one of... | Buchholz's ordinal |
c_5a2zixeg8tqm | In mathematics, ℓ ∞ {\displaystyle \ell ^{\infty }} , the (real or complex) vector space of bounded sequences with the supremum norm, and L ∞ = L ∞ ( X , Σ , μ ) {\displaystyle L^{\infty }=L^{\infty }(X,\Sigma ,\mu )} , the vector space of essentially bounded measurable functions with the essential supremum norm, are t... | L-infinity |
c_yaf31fkx8byj | In mathematics, −1 (negative one or minus one) is the additive inverse of 1, that is, the number that when added to 1 gives the additive identity element, 0. It is the negative integer greater than negative two (−2) and less than 0. | −1 |
c_bokmf8tj2p3g | In mathematics—more specifically, in differential geometry—the musical isomorphism (or canonical isomorphism) is an isomorphism between the tangent bundle T M {\displaystyle \mathrm {T} M} and the cotangent bundle T ∗ M {\displaystyle \mathrm {T} ^{*}M} of a pseudo-Riemannian manifold induced by its metric tensor. Ther... | Musical isomorphism |
c_dle37mpdb9og | In mathematics—specifically, in Riemannian geometry—a Wiedersehen pair is a pair of distinct points x and y on a (usually, but not necessarily, two-dimensional) compact Riemannian manifold (M, g) such that every geodesic through x also passes through y, and the same with x and y interchanged. For example, on an ordinar... | Blaschke conjecture |
c_95trfy37rfjh | The concept was introduced by the Austro-Hungarian mathematician Wilhelm Blaschke and comes from the German term meaning "seeing again". As it turns out, in each dimension n the only Wiedersehen manifold (up to isometry) is the standard Euclidean n-sphere. Initially known as the Blaschke conjecture, this result was est... | Blaschke conjecture |
c_6x2yi6yvcwbc | In mathematics—specifically, in differential geometry—a geodesic map (or geodesic mapping or geodesic diffeomorphism) is a function that "preserves geodesics". More precisely, given two (pseudo-)Riemannian manifolds (M, g) and (N, h), a function φ: M → N is said to be a geodesic map if φ is a diffeomorphism of M onto N... | Geodesic map |
c_p8f74lh3y51z | In mathematics—specifically, in functional analysis—a weakly measurable function taking values in a Banach space is a function whose composition with any element of the dual space is a measurable function in the usual (strong) sense. For separable spaces, the notions of weak and strong measurability agree. | Pettis theorem |
c_90c4goqi5s2s | In mating, the blennies form distinct pairs, and the females lay up to 7000 eggs in a sitting, which are then guarded in burrows by the males. Males are known to cannibalize dead eggs to prevent infection spread amongst the healthy eggs, although in smaller broods they have also been reported consuming living eggs. It ... | Sphinx blenny |
c_0wrdayl2eb1g | In mating, the male deposits spermatophores on the underside of the female's thorax, between the walking legs. The female then extrudes eggs, which pass through the spermatophores. The female carries the fertilised eggs with her until they hatch; the time may vary, but is generally less than 3 weeks. Females lay 10,000... | Macrobrachium rosenbergii |
c_h9jtchnre594 | They go through several larval stages in brackish water before metamorphosing into postlarvae, at which stage they are 0.28–0.39 in (7.1–9.9 mm) long and resemble adults. This metamorphosis usually takes place about 32 to 35 days after hatching. These postlarvae then migrate back into fresh water. | Macrobrachium rosenbergii |
c_9r6xyuirmfy0 | In matrix algebra (or linear algebra in general), one can define a pseudo-division, by setting a/b = ab+, in which b+ represents the pseudoinverse of b. It can be proven that if b−1 exists, then b+ = b−1. If b equals 0, then b+ = 0. | Division by zero |
c_e63cjufm4goh | In matrix analysis Stahl's theorem is a theorem proved in 2011 by Herbert Stahl concerning Laplace transforms for special matrix functions. It originated in 1975 as the Bessis-Moussa-Villani (BMV) conjecture by Daniel Bessis, Pierre Moussa, and Marcel Villani. In 2004 Elliott H. Lieb and Robert Seiringer gave two impor... | Stahl's theorem |
c_e9tnag78xchh | In matrix calculus, Jacobi's formula expresses the derivative of the determinant of a matrix A in terms of the adjugate of A and the derivative of A.If A is a differentiable map from the real numbers to n × n matrices, then d d t det A ( t ) = tr ( adj ( A ( t ) ) d A ( t ) d t ) = ( det A ( t ) ) ⋅ tr ( A ( t ) ... | Jacobi's formula |
c_14369xuwiq1x | {\displaystyle {\partial \det(A) \over \partial A_{ij}}=\operatorname {adj} (A)_{ji}.} Equivalently, if dA stands for the differential of A, the general formula is d det ( A ) = tr ( adj ( A ) d A ) . {\displaystyle d\det(A)=\operatorname {tr} (\operatorname {adj} (A)\,dA).} The formula is named after the mathemati... | Jacobi's formula |
c_z8cqsqwrq1ti | In matrix form, Oja's rule can be written d w ( t ) d t = w ( t ) Q − d i a g w ( t ) {\displaystyle \,{\frac {{\text{d}}w(t)}{{\text{d}}t}}~=~w(t)Q-\mathrm {diag} w(t)} ,and the Gram-Schmidt algorithm is Δ w ( t ) = − l o w e r w ( t ) {\displaystyle \,\Delta w(t)~=~-\mathrm {lower} w(t)} ,where w(t) is any matrix, ... | Generalized Hebbian Algorithm |
c_kozp1d0gcjxy | In matrix notation a linear mixed model can be represented as y = X β + Z u + ϵ {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {y}}=X{\boldsymbol {\beta }}+Z{\boldsymbol {u}}+{\boldsymbol {\epsilon }}} where y {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {y}}} is a known vector of observations, with mean E ( y ) = X β {\displaystyle E({\boldsymbol {y}})=... | Mixed models |
c_vrz2xnkyl0t1 | In matrix notation, E ( X ) = n p , {\displaystyle \operatorname {E} (\mathbf {X} )=n\mathbf {p} ,\,} and Var ( X ) = n { diag ( p ) − p p T } , {\displaystyle \operatorname {Var} (\mathbf {X} )=n\lbrace \operatorname {diag} (\mathbf {p} )-\mathbf {p} \mathbf {p} ^{\rm {T}}\rbrace ,\,} with pT = the row vector tr... | Multinomial distribution |
c_plno63hmzh79 | In matrix notation, E ( X ) = n p , {\displaystyle \operatorname {E} (\mathbf {X} )=n\mathbf {p} ,\,} and var ( X ) = n { diag ( p ) − p p T } ( n + α 0 1 + α 0 ) , {\displaystyle \operatorname {var} (\mathbf {X} )=n\lbrace \operatorname {diag} (\mathbf {p} )-\mathbf {p} \mathbf {p} ^{\rm {T}}\rbrace \left({\frac... | Multivariate Pólya distribution |
c_geatbml2g1l0 | In matrix theory, Sylvester's determinant identity is an identity useful for evaluating certain types of determinants. It is named after James Joseph Sylvester, who stated this identity without proof in 1851.Given an n-by-n matrix A {\displaystyle A} , let det ( A ) {\displaystyle \det(A)} denote its determinant. Choos... | Sylvester's determinant identity |
c_y2w6qxx08sq1 | Then the following is Sylvester's determinantal identity (Sylvester, 1851): det ( A ) ( det ( A v u ) ) m − 1 = det ( A ~ v u ) . {\displaystyle \det(A)(\det(A_{v}^{u}))^{m-1}=\det({\tilde {A}}_{v}^{u}).} When m = 2, this is the Desnanot-Jacobi identity (Jacobi, 1851). | Sylvester's determinant identity |
c_mmv887vqfn9q | In matrix theory, the Frobenius covariants of a square matrix A are special polynomials of it, namely projection matrices Ai associated with the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of A.: pp.403, 437–8 They are named after the mathematician Ferdinand Frobenius. Each covariant is a projection on the eigenspace associated with ... | Frobenius covariant |
c_5lz2hn22l1ia | In matrix theory, the Perron–Frobenius theorem, proved by Oskar Perron (1907) and Georg Frobenius (1912), asserts that a real square matrix with positive entries has a unique eigenvalue of largest magnitude and that eigenvalue is real. The corresponding eigenvector can be chosen to have strictly positive components, an... | Perron–Frobenius theorem |
c_vipdlzlshoa9 | In matrix theory, the Rule of Sarrus is a mnemonic device for computing the determinant of a 3 × 3 {\displaystyle 3\times 3} matrix named after the French mathematician Pierre Frédéric Sarrus.Consider a 3 × 3 {\displaystyle 3\times 3} matrix M = , {\displaystyle M={\begin{bmatrix}a_{11}&a_{12}&a_{13}\\a_{21}&a_{22}&a_... | Rule of Sarrus |
c_usgtlu9ib37t | {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\det(M)&=\det {\begin{bmatrix}a_{11}&a_{12}&a_{13}\\a_{21}&a_{22}&a_{23}\\a_{31}&a_{32}&a_{33}\end{bmatrix}}\\&=a_{11}a_{22}a_{33}+a_{12}a_{23}a_{31}+a_{13}a_{21}a_{32}-a_{31}a_{22}a_{13}-a_{32}a_{23}a_{11}-a_{33}a_{21}a_{12}.\end{aligned}}} A similar scheme based on diagonals works for 2... | Rule of Sarrus |
c_t3so47mgo38m | In matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization (MALDI), the sample is incorporated in a chemical matrix that is capable of absorbing energy from a laser. Similar to SIMS, ionization happens in vacuum. Laser irradiation ablates the matrix material from the surface and results in charged gas phase matrix particles, t... | Single cell analysis |
c_d89m3ki1ldc9 | In matroid theory, a Sylvester matroid is a matroid in which every pair of elements belongs to a three-element circuit (a triangle) of the matroid. | Sylvester matroid |
c_1grc2wdc4ft8 | In matroid theory, a binary matroid is a matroid that can be represented over the finite field GF(2). That is, up to isomorphism, they are the matroids whose elements are the columns of a (0,1)-matrix and whose sets of elements are independent if and only if the corresponding columns are linearly independent in GF(2). | Binary matroid |
c_agpsk7d6c9ng | In matroid theory, a field within mathematics, a gammoid is a certain kind of matroid, describing sets of vertices that can be reached by vertex-disjoint paths in a directed graph. The concept of a gammoid was introduced and shown to be a matroid by Hazel Perfect (1968), based on considerations related to Menger's theo... | Gammoid |
c_v224h96ixs0g | In matroid theory, a mathematical discipline, the girth of a matroid is the size of its smallest circuit or dependent set. The cogirth of a matroid is the girth of its dual matroid. Matroid girth generalizes the notion of the shortest cycle in a graph, the edge connectivity of a graph, Hall sets in bipartite graphs, ev... | Matroid girth |
c_8wbepuyt0gv6 | In matroid theory, an Eulerian matroid is a matroid whose elements can be partitioned into a collection of disjoint circuits. | Eulerian matroid |
c_o2f73rol8xae | In matroid theory, the closure of X is the largest superset of X that has the same rank as X. The transitive closure of a set. The algebraic closure of a field. The integral closure of an integral domain in a field that contains it. | Closure (mathematics) |
c_7e7r91sqzw9m | The radical of an ideal in a commutative ring. In geometry, the convex hull of a set S of points is the smallest convex set of which S is a subset. In formal languages, the Kleene closure of a language can be described as the set of strings that can be made by concatenating zero or more strings from that language. In g... | Closure (mathematics) |
c_vjkg2d0rksdc | In matroid theory, the dual of a matroid M {\displaystyle M} is another matroid M ∗ {\displaystyle M^{\ast }} that has the same elements as M {\displaystyle M} , and in which a set is independent if and only if M {\displaystyle M} has a basis set disjoint from it.Matroid duals go back to the original paper by Hassler W... | Dual matroid |
c_p70frkjuzwbj | In matters concerning the local, national and transboundary environment, the Aarhus convention grants the public rights regarding access to information, public participation and access to justice in governmental decision-making processes. It focuses on interactions between the public and public authorities. | Freedom of Information legislation |
c_6ezkgeubmzbx | In matters of Islamic jurisprudence, Zaydīs follow the teachings of Zayd ibn ʿAlī, which are documented in his book Majmu'l Fiqh (in Arabic: مجموع الفِقه). Al-Ḥādī ila'l-Ḥaqq Yaḥyā, the first Zaydī Imam and founder of the Zaydī State in Yemen, is regarded as the codifier of Zaydī jurisprudence, and as such most Zaydī S... | Shia Islam |
c_7n63iuqieuc5 | In matters of script, Nepali uses Devanagari. On this grammar page Nepali is written in "standard orientalist" transcription as outlined in Masica (1991:xv). Being "primarily a system of transliteration from the Indian scripts, based in turn upon Sanskrit" (cf. IAST), these are its salient features: subscript dots for... | Nepali grammar |
c_9ov11ipeo9t0 | Vowels and consonants are outlined in the tables below. Hovering the mouse cursor over them will reveal the appropriate IPA symbol, while in the rest of the article hovering the mouse cursor over underlined forms will reveal the appropriate English translation. Like Bengali, Assamese, and Marathi and unlike Hindustani,... | Nepali grammar |
c_12z8a10difbl | The following rules can be followed to figure out whether or not Nepali words retain the final schwa. 1) Schwa is retained if the final syllable is a conjunct consonant. अन्त (anta, 'end'), सम्बन्ध (sambandha, 'relation'), श्रेष्ठ (śreṣṭha, 'greatest'/a last name).Exceptions: conjuncts such as ञ्च ञ्ज in मञ्च (mañc, 's... | Nepali grammar |
c_ir6erru1vivo | 2) For any verb form the final schwa is always retained unless the schwa-cancelling halanta is present. हुन्छ (huncha, 'it happens'), भएर (bhaera, 'in happening so; therefore'), गएछ(gaecha, 'he apparently went'), but छन् (chan, 'they are'), गईन् (gain, 'she went'). Meanings may change with the wrong orthography: गईन (g... | Nepali grammar |
c_u3n0mgpgz8c6 | 3) Adverbs, onomatopoeia and postpositions usually maintain the schwa and if they don't, halanta is acquired: अब (aba 'now'), तिर (tira, 'towards'), आज (āja, 'today') सिम्सिम (simsim 'drizzle') vs झन् (jhan, 'more'). 4) Few exceptional nouns retain the schwa such as: दुख(dukha, 'suffering'), सुख (sukha, 'pleasure'). No... | Nepali grammar |
c_hh6o8zu6bn2u | In matters of sexuality, several Evangelical churches promote the virginity pledge among young Evangelical Christians, who are invited to commit themselves during a public ceremony to sexual abstinence until Christian marriage. This pledge is often symbolized by a purity ring.In evangelical churches, young adults and u... | Alternative sexuality |
c_upvrdlrp7mi4 | They range from liberal through moderate to conservative.The christian marriage is presented by some churches as a protection against sexual misconduct and a compulsory step to obtain a position of responsibility in the church. This concept, however, has been challenged by numerous sex scandals involving married evange... | Alternative sexuality |
c_x18xafhvyea5 | In matters relating to quantum information theory, it is convenient to work with the simplest possible unit of information: the two-state system of the qubit. The qubit functions as the quantum analog of the classic computational part, the bit, as it can have a measurement value of both a 0 and a 1, whereas the classic... | Gate teleportation |
c_mbekwhs6m6x7 | The main components needed for teleportation include a sender, the information (a qubit), a traditional channel, a quantum channel, and a receiver. An interesting fact is that the sender does not need to know the exact contents of the information that is being sent. The measurement postulate of quantum mechanics—when a... | Gate teleportation |
c_akpurw4t60ih | For actual teleportation, it is required that an entangled quantum state or Bell state be created for the qubit to be transferred. Entanglement imposes statistical correlations between otherwise distinct physical systems by creating or placing two or more separate particles into a single, shared quantum state. This int... | Gate teleportation |
c_kk0ul1sczpwe | Any changes that one particle of the entanglement undergoes, the other particle will also undergo that change, causing the entangled particles to act as one quantum state. These correlations hold even when measurements are chosen and performed independently, out of causal contact from one another, as verified in Bell t... | Gate teleportation |
c_97tz7br1dr2x | Thus, an observation resulting from a measurement choice made at one point in spacetime seems to instantaneously affect outcomes in another region, even though light hasn't yet had time to travel the distance; a conclusion seemingly at odds with special relativity. This is known as the EPR paradox. | Gate teleportation |
c_d3hdq9mi2k4x | However such correlations can never be used to transmit any information faster than the speed of light, a statement encapsulated in the no-communication theorem. Thus, teleportation as a whole can never be superluminal, as a qubit cannot be reconstructed until the accompanying classical information arrives. The sender ... | Gate teleportation |
c_5e197ws0og1z | Of this changed state, the particles in Alice's possession are then sent to an analyzer that will measure the change of the entangled state. The "change" measurement will allow the receiver to recreate the original information that the sender had resulting in the information being teleported or carried between two peop... | Gate teleportation |
c_7zi9iqwayzjf | The quantum channel is the communication mechanism that is used for all quantum information transmission and is the channel used for teleportation (relationship of quantum channel to traditional communication channel is akin to the qubit being the quantum analog of the classical bit). However, in addition to the quantu... | Gate teleportation |
c_5r2peci6xruk | Because of this need for the traditional channel, the speed of teleportation can be no faster than the speed of light (hence the no-communication theorem is not violated). The main advantage with this is that Bell states can be shared using photons from lasers making teleportation achievable through open space having n... | Gate teleportation |
c_k1w13msdfedw | For example, qubits can be encoded in the degrees of freedom of electrons surrounding the atomic nucleus or in the degrees of freedom of the nucleus itself. Thus, performing this kind of teleportation requires a stock of atoms at the receiving site, available for having qubits imprinted on them.As of 2015, the quantum ... | Gate teleportation |
c_ots6370d4tib | In mature adults, glycine is a inhibitory neurotransmitter found in the spinal cord and regions of the brain. As it binds to a glycine receptor, a conformational change is induced, and the channel created by the receptor opens. As the channel opens, chloride ions are able to flow into the cell which results in hyperpol... | Glycine receptor |
c_eot34rd2ifgb | This is called the "shunting" effect and can be explained by Ohm's Law. As the receptor is activated, the membrane conductance is increased and the membrane resistance is decreased. According to Ohm's Law, as resistance decreases, so does voltage. A decreased postsynaptic voltage results in a decreased release of neuro... | Glycine receptor |
c_x2hf2v1pymyl | In mature mice brain tissue PGBD5 is found primarily in regions of the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, and cerebellum. In embryonic mice brain tissue PGBD5 is found not only in the medial pallium and prepontine isthmus, which are embryonic brain areas that give rise to the development of the hippocampus and cerebellum but... | PiggyBac Transposable Element Derived 5 |
c_y4vbwo8pw2e8 | In maximum likelihood beamformer (DML), the noise is modeled as a stationary Gaussian white random processes while the signal waveform as deterministic (but arbitrary) and unknown. | Digital antenna array |
c_hxneitnzywvx | In maximum parsimony, Dollo parsimony refers to a model whereby a character is gained only one time and can never be regained if it is lost. For example, the evolution and repeated loss of teeth in vertebrates could be well-modeled under Dollo parsimony, whereby teeth made from hydroxyapatite evolved only once at the o... | Dollo's law of irreversibility |
c_s8jm8yp9vcsf | In may 2005 Swedish Radio first published podcast for the listerners to download. The first podcasts offered were Ekots lördagsintervju i P1, Spanarna i P1 and Salva i P3 but shortly after the offer was expanded to include several other titles. In February 2006, following London radio station LBC's successful launch of... | Odiogo |
c_kmyfhyywtc5u | The second series of the podcast was distributed through audible.co.uk and was the first major podcast to charge consumers to download the show (at a rate of 95 pence per half-hour episode). The first series of The Ricky Gervais Show podcast had been freely distributed by the Positive Internet Company and marketed thro... | Odiogo |
c_jnpkbbjzwjde | The Adam Carolla Show claimed a new Guinness world record, with total downloads approaching 60 million, but Guinness failed to acknowledge that Gervais's podcast had more than 5 times as many downloads as Carolla's show at the time that this new record was supposedly set. In February 2006, LA podcaster Lance Anderson b... | Odiogo |
c_xvzini8y4kub | In addition, Anderson was also invited to take part in the first-ever Podcast Forum at CARET, the Centre for Applied Research in Educational Technologies at the University of Cambridge (February 21, 2006). Organised and supported by Josh Newman, the university's Apple Campus Rep, Anderson was joined at this event by Dr... | Odiogo |
c_do4dryhf5g46 | In July 2009, the company VoloMedia is awarded the "Podcast patent" by the USPTO in patent number 7,568,213. Dave Winer, the co-inventor of podcasting (with Adam Curry), points out that his invention predated this patent by two years.On February 2, 2006, Virginia Tech (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Universit... | Odiogo |
c_zvjr7ppw44cg | The two had previously discussed producing a podcast version of Jimmy's Los Angeles show "Running Your Trap", which he hosted at the Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre, but they hit it off so well on AST Radio that Pardo said "This is the show." Shortly after, Never Not Funny started simulcasting both a podcast stream an... | Odiogo |
c_28hgfk49q7ox | In October 2006, the This American Life radio program began to offer a podcast version to listeners. Since debuting, This American Life has consistently been one of the most-listened-to podcasts, averaging around 2.5 million downloads per episode. In March 2007, after being on-air talent and being fired from KYSR (STAR... | Odiogo |
c_kwob7kxke4dt | At $5.00 per subscription, subscribers had access to a one-hour podcast, free of any commercials. They had free local events at bars, ice cream parlors and restaurants all around Southern California. | Odiogo |
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