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c_x4sje2vcb67a | Face seals are a category of products where there is no dynamic movement on the part of either the seal or the hardware surface.ISO 8434 specifies the general and dimensional requirements for the design and performance of O-ring face seal connectors made of steel for tube outside diameters or hose inside diameters of 6... | Face seal |
c_ipqgqqsnfknm | In mechanical engineering, a fillet is a rounding of an interior or exterior corner of a part designed in CAD. An interior or exterior corner, with an angle or type of bevel, is called a "chamfer". Fillet geometry, when on an interior corner is a line of concave function, whereas a fillet on an exterior corner is a lin... | Fillet (mechanics) |
c_h2mc9ofj5oje | Depending on a geometric modelling kernel different CAD software products may provide different fillet functionality. Usually fillets can be quickly designed onto parts using 3D solid modeling engineering by picking edges of interest and invoking the function. Smooth edges connecting two simple flat features are genera... | Fillet (mechanics) |
c_bpyf6ikf9qxu | In mechanical engineering, a helix angle is the angle between any helix and an axial line on its right, circular cylinder or cone. Common applications are screws, helical gears, and worm gears. The helix angle references the axis of the cylinder, distinguishing it from the lead angle, which references a line perpendicu... | Helix angle |
c_53h42tmslavn | In mechanical engineering, a jaw coupling is a type of general purpose power transmission coupling that also can be used in motion control (servo) applications. It is designed to transmit torque (by connecting two shafts) while damping system vibrations and accommodating misalignment, which protects other components fr... | Jaw coupling |
c_oqwi057ibybd | In mechanical engineering, a key is a machine element used to connect a rotating machine element to a shaft. The key prevents relative rotation between the two parts and may enable torque transmission. For a key to function, the shaft and rotating machine element must have a keyway and a keyseat, which is a slot and po... | Key (engineering) |
c_lpgw4mtqfmqr | The whole system is called a keyed joint. A keyed joint may allow relative axial movement between the parts. Commonly keyed components include gears, pulleys, couplings, and washers. | Key (engineering) |
c_qykdconvasmi | In mechanical engineering, a kinematic chain is an assembly of rigid bodies connected by joints to provide constrained motion that is the mathematical model for a mechanical system. As the word chain suggests, the rigid bodies, or links, are constrained by their connections to other links. An example is the simple open... | Kinematic chain |
c_0wvd98giasz5 | These joints are generally modeled as holonomic constraints. A kinematic diagram is a schematic of the mechanical system that shows the kinematic chain. The modern use of kinematic chains includes compliance that arises from flexure joints in precision mechanisms, link compliance in compliant mechanisms and micro-elect... | Kinematic chain |
c_x86t88ed0d45 | In mechanical engineering, a kinematic diagram or kinematic scheme (also called a joint map or skeleton diagram) illustrates the connectivity of links and joints of a mechanism or machine rather than the dimensions or shape of the parts. Often links are presented as geometric objects, such as lines, triangles or square... | Kinematic diagram |
c_ijxfk9tc3bvu | In mechanical engineering, a parallel force system is a situation in which two forces of equal magnitude act in the same direction within the same plane, with the counter force in the middle. An example of this is a see saw. The children are applying the two forces at the ends, and the fulcrum in the middle gives the c... | Parallel force system |
c_ucslnisqog8d | In mechanical engineering, a rolling-element bearing, also known as a rolling bearing, is a bearing which carries a load by placing rolling elements (such as balls or rollers) between two concentric, grooved rings called races. The relative motion of the races causes the rolling elements to roll with very little rollin... | Rolling-element bearings |
c_szsrsa1jgg2b | As each log comes out the back, it is moved to the front where the block then rolls on to it. It is possible to imitate such a bearing by placing several pens or pencils on a table and placing an item on top of them. See "bearings" for more on the historical development of bearings. | Rolling-element bearings |
c_gajh8l8ajkek | A rolling element rotary bearing uses a shaft in a much larger hole, and spheres or cylinders called "rollers" tightly fill the space between the shaft and hole. As the shaft turns, each roller acts as the logs in the above example. However, since the bearing is round, the rollers never fall out from under the load. | Rolling-element bearings |
c_igxpg2yj9vgy | Rolling-element bearings have the advantage of a good trade-off between cost, size, weight, carrying capacity, durability, accuracy, friction, and so on. Other bearing designs are often better on one specific attribute, but worse in most other attributes, although fluid bearings can sometimes simultaneously outperform ... | Rolling-element bearings |
c_fcodaouoy0u3 | Common mechanical components where they are widely used are - automotive, industrial, marine, and aerospace applications. They are products of great necessity for modern technology. The rolling element bearing was developed from a firm foundation that was built over thousands of years. The concept emerged in its primit... | Rolling-element bearings |
c_v0k94lqi2fg3 | In mechanical engineering, a shaft is a rotating machine element, usually circular in cross section, which is used to transmit power from one part to another, or from a machine which produces power to a machine which absorbs power. | Shaft (mechanical engineering) |
c_5zb2w1oa14tj | In mechanical engineering, an eccentric is a circular disk (eccentric sheave) solidly fixed to a rotating axle with its centre offset from that of the axle (hence the word "eccentric", out of the center).It is used most often in steam engines, and used to convert rotary motion into linear reciprocating motion to drive ... | Eccentric (mechanism) |
c_91sm0ueufy6r | In mechanical engineering, an end-face mechanical seal (often shortened to mechanical seal) is a type of seal used in rotating equipment, such as pumps, mixers, blowers, and compressors. When a pump operates, the liquid could leak out of the pump between the rotating shaft and the stationary pump casing. Since the shaf... | End-face mechanical seal |
c_h69n1obgq9vw | Since World War II, mechanical seals have replaced packing in many applications. An end-face mechanical seal uses both rigid and flexible elements that maintain contact at a sealing interface and slide on each other, allowing a rotating element to pass through a sealed case. The elements are both hydraulically and mech... | End-face mechanical seal |
c_3gk3nybfyqsi | In mechanical engineering, an envelope is a solid representing all positions which may be occupied by an object during its normal range of motion. Another (jargon) word for this is a "flop". | Work envelope |
c_38h9ty00e3as | In mechanical engineering, an overconstrained mechanism is a linkage that has more degrees of freedom than is predicted by the mobility formula. The mobility formula evaluates the degree of freedom of a system of rigid bodies that results when constraints are imposed in the form of joints between the links. If the link... | Overconstrained mechanism |
c_7tzbs6hd7nu2 | If the links in the system move planes parallel to a fixed plane, or in concentric spheres about a fixed point, then the mobility formula is M = 3 ( N − 1 − j ) + ∑ i = 1 j f i . {\displaystyle M=3(N-1-j)+\sum _{i=1}^{j}f_{i}.} If a system of links and joints has mobility M = 0 or less, yet still moves, then it is call... | Overconstrained mechanism |
c_3yt57ijnbd6w | In mechanical engineering, backlash is the striking back of connected wheels in a piece of mechanism when pressure is applied. Another source defines it as the maximum distance through which one part of something can be moved without moving a connected part. It is also called lash or play. In the context of gears, back... | Pitch plane |
c_8fw4rb9en1ls | In a pair of gears, backlash is the amount of clearance between mated gear teeth. Backlash is unavoidable for nearly all reversing mechanical couplings, although its effects can be negated. | Pitch plane |
c_kvzq0svkz29u | Depending on the application it may or may not be desirable. Reasons for requiring backlash include allowing for lubrication and thermal expansion, and to prevent jamming. Backlash may also result from manufacturing errors and deflection under load. | Pitch plane |
c_gdiw6vfpdfyb | In mechanical engineering, backlash, sometimes called lash, play, or slop, is a clearance or lost motion in a mechanism caused by gaps between the parts. It can be defined as "the maximum distance or angle through which any part of a mechanical system may be moved in one direction without applying appreciable force or ... | Backlash (engineering) |
c_bl1zunf77fxt | It can be heard from the railway couplings when a train reverses direction. Another example is in a valve train with mechanical tappets, where a certain range of lash is necessary for the valves to work properly. Depending on the application, backlash may or may not be desirable. | Backlash (engineering) |
c_ve8t3l30zqx5 | Some amount of backlash is unavoidable in nearly all reversing mechanical couplings, although its effects can be negated or compensated for. In many applications, the theoretical ideal would be zero backlash, but in actual practice some backlash must be allowed to prevent jamming. Reasons for specifying a requirement f... | Backlash (engineering) |
c_turipcy5wrzm | In mechanical engineering, it is one part of a rotating joint where a shaft (the trunnion) is inserted into (and turns inside) a full or partial cylinder. Often used in opposing pairs, this joint allows tight tolerances and strength from a large surface contact area between the trunnion and the cylinder.In airframe eng... | Trunnion |
c_bp4fs7ahp5mq | The sugar industry uses rotating cylinders up to 22 feet (7 m) in diameter, 131 ft (40 m) long, and weighing around 1,000 tons. These rotate at around 30 revolutions per hour. | Trunnion |
c_tf28p9gkojma | They are supported on a pathring, which runs on trunnions. Similar devices called rotary kilns are used in cement manufacturing. In mining, some refining plants utilise drum scrubbers in the process that are supported by a large trunnion and associated trunnion bearings at each end. | Trunnion |
c_toaczanwpm2k | In mechanical engineering, kinematic synthesis (also known as mechanism synthesis) determines the size and configuration of mechanisms that shape the flow of power through a mechanical system, or machine, to achieve a desired performance. The word synthesis refers to combining parts to form a whole. Hartenberg and Dena... | Kinematic synthesis |
c_0dh56et42yrx | Kinematically, it is the conversion of a motion idea into hardware. The earliest machines were designed to amplify human and animal effort, later gear trains and linkage systems captured wind and flowing water to rotate millstones and pumps. Now machines use chemical and electric power to manufacture, transport, and pr... | Kinematic synthesis |
c_xvegimjk9u14 | And kinematic synthesis is the collection of techniques for designing those elements of these machines that achieve required output forces and movement for a given input. Applications of kinematic synthesis include determining: the topology and dimensions of a linkage system to achieve a specified task; the size and sh... | Kinematic synthesis |
c_yxzz6tluy72n | In mechanical engineering, limits and fits are a set of rules regarding the dimensions and tolerances of mating machined parts if they are to achieve the desired ease of assembly, and security after assembly - sliding fit, interference fit, rotating fit, non-sliding fit, loose fit, etc. Tolerances are typically specifi... | Limits and fits |
c_y2i3q7dup9yh | In mechanical engineering, many terms are associated into pairs called duals. A dual of a relationship is formed by interchanging force (stress) and deformation (strain) in an expression. Here is a partial list of mechanical dualities: force — deformation stress — strain stiffness method — flexibility method | Duality (mechanical engineering) |
c_wlw8kzwquh5g | In mechanical engineering, mechanical efficiency is a dimensionless number that measures the efficiency of a mechanism or machine in transforming the power input to the device to power output. A machine is a mechanical linkage in which force is applied at one point, and the force does work moving a load at another poin... | Mechanical efficiency |
c_mivygz5wf6mg | All real machines lose energy to friction; the energy is dissipated as heat. Therefore, their power output is less than their power input Power output = Power input − Frictional power loss {\displaystyle {\text{Power output}}={\text{Power input}}-{\text{Frictional power loss}}} Therefore, the efficiency of all real mac... | Mechanical efficiency |
c_40bzsrsajoql | In mechanical engineering, random vibration is motion which is non-deterministic, meaning that future behavior cannot be precisely predicted. The randomness is a characteristic of the excitation or input, not the mode shapes or natural frequencies. Some common examples include an automobile riding on a rough road, wave... | Random vibration |
c_bzwtekrhrja5 | Mathematically, random vibration is characterized as an ergodic and stationary process. A measurement of the acceleration spectral density (ASD) is the usual way to specify random vibration. The root mean square acceleration (Grms) is the square root of the area under the ASD curve in the frequency domain. | Random vibration |
c_vt2bbxn8phvd | The Grms value is typically used to express the overall energy of a particular random vibration event and is a statistical value used in mechanical engineering for structural design and analysis purposes. While the term power spectral density (PSD) is commonly used to specify a random vibration event, ASD is more appro... | Random vibration |
c_u9rk9ep8ciyh | In mechanical engineering, stressed skin is a type of rigid construction, intermediate between monocoque and a rigid frame with a non-loaded covering. A stressed skin structure has its compression-taking elements localized and its tension-taking elements distributed. Typically, the main frame has rectangular structure ... | Stressed skin |
c_bjeth9kpcp4s | In mechanical engineering, the Beale number is a parameter that characterizes the performance of Stirling engines. It is often used to estimate the power output of a Stirling engine design. For engines operating with a high temperature differential, typical values for the Beale number are in the range 0.11−0.15; where ... | Beale number |
c_bmc95tev8r2y | In mechanical engineering, the Denavit–Hartenberg parameters (also called DH parameters) are the four parameters associated with a particular convention for attaching reference frames to the links of a spatial kinematic chain, or robot manipulator. Jacques Denavit and Richard Hartenberg introduced this convention in 19... | Denavit–Hartenberg parameters |
c_279r6istejir | In mechanical engineering, the cylinders of reciprocating engines are often classified by whether they are single- or double-acting, depending on how the working fluid acts on the piston. | Double acting cylinder |
c_5ff99yd35jdx | In mechanical engineering, the thread angle of a screw is the included angle between the thread flanks, measured in a plane containing the thread axis. This is a defining factor for the shape of a screw thread. Standard values include: | Thread angle |
c_1szk3i4yv3wi | In mechanical engineering, ultimate failure describes the breaking of a material. In general there are two types of failure: fracture and buckling. Fracture of a material occurs when either an internal or external crack elongates the width or length of the material. In ultimate failure this will result in one or more b... | Ultimate failure |
c_2eapjmk81dab | Buckling occurs when compressive loads are applied to the material and instead of cracking the material bows. This is undesirable because most tools that are designed to be straight will be inadequate if curved. If the buckling continues, it will create tension on the outer side of the bend and compression on the inner... | Ultimate failure |
c_vwatbip41t91 | In engineering there are multiple types of failure based upon the application of the material. In many machine applications any change in the part due to yielding will result in the machine piece needing to be replaced. Although this deformation or weakening of the material is not the technical definition of ultimate f... | Ultimate failure |
c_jj0sdbw9gy3m | In most technical applications, pieces are rarely allowed to reach their ultimate failure or breakage point, instead for safety factors they are removed at the first signs of significant wear. There are two different types of fracture: brittle and ductile. | Ultimate failure |
c_54jzvvlhs0dy | Each of these types of failure occur based on the material's ductility. Brittle failure occurs with little to no plastic deformation before fracture. | Ultimate failure |
c_ieihn4mnvjx0 | An example of this would be stretching a clay pot or rod, when it is stretched it will not neck or elongate, but merely break into two or more pieces. While applying a tensile stress to a ductile material, instead of immediately breaking the material will instead elongate. The material will begin by elongating uniforml... | Ultimate failure |
c_m72v74xwfqmv | When necking occurs the material will begin to stretch more in the middle and the radius will decrease. Once this begins the material has entered a stage called plastic deformation. Once the material has reached its ultimate tensile strength it will elongate more easily until it reaches ultimate failure and breaks. | Ultimate failure |
c_hdo6dviybsxw | In mechanical horology, a remontoire (from the French remonter, meaning 'to wind') is a small secondary source of power, a weight or spring, which runs the timekeeping mechanism and is itself periodically rewound by the timepiece's main power source, such as a mainspring. It was used in a few precision clocks and watch... | Remontoire |
c_gfz0ndor6lai | In mechanical interlocking plants, a locking bed is constructed, consisting of steel bars forming a grid. The levers that operate switches, derails, signals or other appliances are connected to the bars running in one direction. The bars are constructed so that if the function controlled by a given lever conflicts with... | Electronic interlocking |
c_4gg59ejp7nfu | The levers are about shoulder height since they must supply a mechanical advantage for the operator. Cross locking of levers was effected such that the extra leverage could not defeat the locking (preliminary latch lock). The first mechanical interlocking was installed in 1843 at Bricklayers Arms Junction, England. : 7 | Electronic interlocking |
c_pta2lp8poakp | In mechanical or automotive engineering, a freewheel or overrunning clutch is a device in a transmission that disengages the driveshaft from the driven shaft when the driven shaft rotates faster than the driveshaft. An overdrive is sometimes mistakenly called a freewheel, but is otherwise unrelated. The condition of a ... | Overrunning clutch |
c_cel2rte6oxyo | In a fixed-gear bicycle, without a freewheel, the rear wheel drives the pedals around. An analogous condition exists in an automobile with a manual transmission going downhill, or any situation where the driver takes their foot off the gas pedal, closing the throttle: the wheels drive the engine, possibly at a higher R... | Overrunning clutch |
c_ap2m21yga2oh | In mechanical systems, the position coordinates and velocities of mechanical parts are typical state variables; knowing these, it is possible to determine the future state of the objects in the system. In thermodynamics, a state variable is an independent variable of a state function. Examples include internal energy, ... | State Variable |
c_vx763q37u6n0 | Heat and work are not state functions, but process functions. In electronic/electrical circuits, the voltages of the nodes and the currents through components in the circuit are usually the state variables. In any electrical circuit, the number of state variables are equal to the number of (independent) storage element... | State Variable |
c_88db5vkra0e6 | In mechanical typewriters, the shift key functions by mechanically shifting some component so an alternate row of characters on typebars hits the paper. In an electronic system, by contrast, there is no necessary connection between the code points of unshifted and shifted values, though implementation is simpler if the... | Bit-paired keyboard |
c_d4kzwk8hndtj | This is most conspicuous in uppercase and lowercase characters: uppercase characters are in columns 4 (100) and 5 (101), while the corresponding lowercase characters are in columns 6 (110) and 7 (111), requiring only toggling the 6th bit (2nd high bit) to switch case; as there are only 26 letters, the remaining 6 point... | Bit-paired keyboard |
c_mvrgjwnuc7f9 | Due to other concerns, this correspondence is inexact: for example, SP (Space) and 0 (zero) both have low bits 00000 (to ease collation for space and conversion to/from binary-coded decimal for 0), preventing 0 from lining up with ) (right parenthesis), its conventional value, and thus instead () corresponded to 89, in... | Bit-paired keyboard |
c_e4a62nc1d8tn | As a result, implementing an electromechanical keyboard that produced an ASCII encoding but had conventional typewriter key mappings would require significant complexity due to key-specific shift mechanisms for digits and symbol keys. This could be avoided by changing the key mappings to correspond to the ASCII table, ... | Bit-paired keyboard |
c_54tnj5x6gpkj | In mechanical-shaker baghouses, tubular filter bags are fastened onto a cell plate at the bottom of the baghouse and suspended from horizontal beams at the top. Dirty gas enters the bottom of the baghouse and passes through the filter, and the dust collects on the inside surface of the bags. Cleaning a mechanical-shake... | Fabric filter |
c_fzxp50vlc20o | Shaker baghouses range in size from small, handshaker devices to large, compartmentalized units. They can operate intermittently or continuously. Intermittent units can be used when processes operate on a batch basis; when a batch is completed, the baghouse can be cleaned. | Fabric filter |
c_nwc3rwb94jgs | Continuous processes use compartmentalized baghouses; when one compartment is being cleaned, the airflow can be diverted to other compartments. In shaker baghouses, there must be no positive pressure inside the bags during the shake cycle. Pressures as low as 5 pascals (0.00073 psi) can interfere with cleaning. The air... | Fabric filter |
c_r7g2gedv1upu | In mechanically controlled variable capacitors, the distance between the plates, or the amount of plate surface area which overlaps, can be changed. The most common form arranges a group of semicircular metal plates on a rotary axis ("rotor") that are positioned in the gaps between a set of stationary plates ("stator")... | Air gap capacitor |
c_w7j801yot564 | Various forms of reduction gear mechanisms are often used to achieve finer tuning control, i.e. to spread the variation of capacity over a larger angle, often several turns. Maximum capacitance is achieved when the plates are "meshed" together, that is, they are inter-laced. Minimum capacitance is achieved when the pla... | Air gap capacitor |
c_rpjbl3gd2r3s | Measurement of the capacitance of a rotary capacitor A vacuum variable capacitor uses a set of plates made from concentric cylinders that can be slid in or out of an opposing set of cylinders (sleeve and plunger). These plates are then sealed inside of a non-conductive envelope such as glass or ceramic and placed under... | Air gap capacitor |
c_p9yfyhclexiz | A screw shaft is attached to the plunger; when the shaft is turned the plunger moves in or out of the sleeve and the value of the capacitor changes. The vacuum not only increases the working voltage and current handling capacity of the capacitor, it also greatly reduces the chance of arcing across the plates. The most ... | Air gap capacitor |
c_ecy5741gatdj | Vacuum variables can also be more convenient; since the elements are under a vacuum, the working voltage can be higher than an air variable the same size, allowing the size of the vacuum capacitor to be reduced. Very cheap variable capacitors are constructed from layered aluminium and plastic foils that are variably pr... | Air gap capacitor |
c_9a1bukaihs1i | These so-called squeezers cannot provide a stable and reproducible capacitance, however. A variant of this structure that allows for linear movement of one set of plates to change the plate overlap area is also used and might be called a slider. This has practical advantages for makeshift or home construction, and may ... | Air gap capacitor |
c_uzc4zwl6v204 | In mechanics and aerodynamics, the drag area of an object represents the effective size of the object as it is "seen" by the fluid flow around it. The drag area is usually expressed as a product C d A , {\displaystyle C_{d}A,} where A {\displaystyle A} is a representative area of the object, and C d {\displaystyle C_{d... | Drag area |
c_2edekl4ccdgs | In mechanics and construction a resonance disaster describes the destruction of a building or a technical mechanism by induced vibrations at a system's resonant frequency, which causes it to oscillate. Periodic excitation optimally transfers to the system the energy of the vibration and stores it there. Because of this... | Mechanical resonance |
c_5fbc6g5z381h | In mechanics and geology, pure shear is a three-dimensional homogeneous flattening of a body. It is an example of irrotational strain in which body is elongated in one direction while being shortened perpendicularly. For soft materials, such as rubber, a strain state of pure shear is often used for characterizing hyper... | Pure shear |
c_4dc356mnzwa5 | In mechanics and geometry, the 3D rotation group, often denoted SO(3), is the group of all rotations about the origin of three-dimensional Euclidean space R 3 {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{3}} under the operation of composition.By definition, a rotation about the origin is a transformation that preserves the origin, Euc... | Set of 3D rotations |
c_pwxndzhzu6n1 | Rotations are not commutative (for example, rotating R 90° in the x-y plane followed by S 90° in the y-z plane is not the same as S followed by R), making the 3D rotation group a nonabelian group. Moreover, the rotation group has a natural structure as a manifold for which the group operations are smoothly differentiab... | Set of 3D rotations |
c_b12gxphvbs4t | It is compact and has dimension 3. Rotations are linear transformations of R 3 {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{3}} and can therefore be represented by matrices once a basis of R 3 {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{3}} has been chosen. Specifically, if we choose an orthonormal basis of R 3 {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{3}} , eve... | Set of 3D rotations |
c_66j3wb633oe8 | The group SO(3) can therefore be identified with the group of these matrices under matrix multiplication. These matrices are known as "special orthogonal matrices", explaining the notation SO(3). The group SO(3) is used to describe the possible rotational symmetries of an object, as well as the possible orientations of... | Set of 3D rotations |
c_4zmx6a3ltarb | In mechanics and materials science, strain rate is the time derivative of strain of a material. Strain rate has dimension of inverse time and SI units of inverse second, s−1 (or its multiples). The strain rate at some point within the material measures the rate at which the distances of adjacent parcels of the material... | Strain rate |
c_swch2lsrf17c | It is zero if these distances do not change, as happens when all particles in some region are moving with the same velocity (same speed and direction) and/or rotating with the same angular velocity, as if that part of the medium were a rigid body. The strain rate is a concept of materials science and continuum mechanic... | Strain rate |
c_onbw9t43v9xj | In mechanics and physics, shock is a sudden acceleration caused, for example, by impact, drop, kick, earthquake, or explosion. Shock is a transient physical excitation. Shock describes matter subject to extreme rates of force with respect to time. Shock is a vector that has units of an acceleration (rate of change of v... | Shock (mechanics) |
c_7k3buc49t6p5 | The unit g (or g) represents multiples of the standard acceleration of gravity and is conventionally used. A shock pulse can be characterised by its peak acceleration, the duration, and the shape of the shock pulse (half sine, triangular, trapezoidal, etc.). The shock response spectrum is a method for further evaluatin... | Shock (mechanics) |
c_s731az7gzplh | In mechanics and physics, simple harmonic motion (sometimes abbreviated SHM) is a special type of periodic motion an object experiences due to a restoring force whose magnitude is directly proportional to the distance of the object from an equilibrium position and acts towards the equilibrium position. It results in an... | Simple Harmonic Motion |
c_l6kku3twj6uu | The motion is sinusoidal in time and demonstrates a single resonant frequency. Other phenomena can be modeled by simple harmonic motion, including the motion of a simple pendulum, although for it to be an accurate model, the net force on the object at the end of the pendulum must be proportional to the displacement (an... | Simple Harmonic Motion |
c_povxlkrcu5qw | In mechanics and thermodynamics, thermal stress is mechanical stress created by any change in temperature of a material. These stresses can lead to fracturing or plastic deformation depending on the other variables of heating, which include material types and constraints. Temperature gradients, thermal expansion or con... | Heat load |
c_5ygi0zi3z64p | This type of stress is highly dependent on the thermal expansion coefficient which varies from material to material. In general, the greater the temperature change, the higher the level of stress that can occur. Thermal shock can result from a rapid change in temperature, resulting in cracking or shattering. | Heat load |
c_znm9o99t9of9 | In mechanics, "stiffening" beams brings anti-buckling, anti-wrinkling, desired shaping, reinforcement, repair, strength, enhanced function, extended utility, longer beam life, safety, etc. Stiffening of fluid or rigid beams is used in medical arts, aerospace, aviation, sports, bookbinding, art, architecture, natural pl... | Stiffening |
c_jg5xnn3a7gg9 | In mechanics, Avicenna, in The Book of Healing, developed a theory of motion, in which he made a distinction between the inclination (tendency to motion) and force of a projectile, and concluded that motion was a result of an inclination (mayl) transferred to the projectile by the thrower, and that projectile motion in... | Avicennian logic |
c_t37igakhn928 | It is unclear if Buridan was influenced by Avicenna, or by Philoponus directly.In optics, Avicenna was among those who argued that light had a speed, observing that "if the perception of light is due to the emission of some sort of particles by a luminous source, the speed of light must be finite." He also provided a w... | Avicennian logic |
c_zp9lssxuhv8d | The cloud, he thought, serves as the background of this thin substance, much as a quicksilver lining is placed upon the rear surface of the glass in a mirror. Ibn Sīnā would change the place not only of the bow, but also of the color formation, holding the iridescence to be merely a subjective sensation in the eye. In ... | Avicennian logic |
c_fc8uk6w3cnee | In mechanics, Sommerfeld effect is a phenomenon arising from feedback in the energy exchange between vibrating systems: for example, when for the rocking table, under given conditions, energy transmitted to the motor resulted not in higher revolutions but in stronger vibrations of the table. It is named after Arnold So... | Sommerfeld effect |
c_4xejk6bb17nh | In mechanics, a constant of motion is a quantity that is conserved throughout the motion, imposing in effect a constraint on the motion. However, it is a mathematical constraint, the natural consequence of the equations of motion, rather than a physical constraint (which would require extra constraint forces). Common e... | Dirac observables |
c_wal68iutvjvp | In mechanics, a couple is a system of forces with a resultant (a.k.a. net or sum) moment of force but no resultant force.A better term is force couple or pure moment. Its effect is to impart angular momentum but no linear momentum. | Couple (mechanics) |
c_m2jaellppdyy | In rigid body dynamics, force couples are free vectors, meaning their effects on a body are independent of the point of application. The resultant moment of a couple is a special case of moment. A couple has the property that it is independent of reference point. | Couple (mechanics) |
c_dwvdimcn05ya | In mechanics, a cylinder stress is a stress distribution with rotational symmetry; that is, which remains unchanged if the stressed object is rotated about some fixed axis. Cylinder stress patterns include: circumferential stress, or hoop stress, a normal stress in the tangential (azimuth) direction. axial stress, a no... | Cylinder stress |
c_9f6biw43qruc | In a straight, closed pipe, any force applied to the cylindrical pipe wall by a pressure differential will ultimately give rise to hoop stresses. Similarly, if this pipe has flat end caps, any force applied to them by static pressure will induce a perpendicular axial stress on the same pipe wall. Thin sections often ha... | Cylinder stress |
c_03c2m3uqtnso | In thick-walled pressure vessels, construction techniques allowing for favorable initial stress patterns can be utilized. These compressive stresses at the inner surface reduce the overall hoop stress in pressurized cylinders. Cylindrical vessels of this nature are generally constructed from concentric cylinders shrunk... | Cylinder stress |
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