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c_xk8a4u1qzhii | First, motile cells collide and touch via their respective lamellae, whose actin exhibit high retrograde flow. A cellular adhesion forms between the lamellae, reducing the actins' retrograde flow rate in the area immediately surrounding the adhesion. | Contact inhibition |
c_hw0nmdqnqhv5 | Consequently, the cells' velocity and motility are reduced. This then allows actin stress fibers and microtubules to form and align with each other in both colliding partners. The alignment of these stress fibers locally accumulates elastic tension in the lamellae. | Contact inhibition |
c_rqq9wkojj1m5 | Eventually, the tension buildup becomes too great, and the cell adhesion complex dissociates, collapses the lamellae protrusions, and releases the cells in different directions in an effort to alleviate the elastic tension. A possible alternate event that also leads to the assembly dissociation is that upon stress fibe... | Contact inhibition |
c_19rtc1cnjvab | Elastic tension has been thought to be the primary driving force of the protrusion collapse, complex disassembly, and the cells' dispersion. Though this hypothetical tension has been characterized and visualized, how tension builds in lamellae and how cell repolarization contributes to tension buildup remain open to in... | Contact inhibition |
c_eqdizmuueyvu | In most cases, xz achieves higher compression rates than alternatives like gzip and bzip2. Decompression speed is higher than bzip2, but lower than gzip. Compression can be much slower than gzip, and is slower than bzip2 for high levels of compression, and is most useful when a compressed file will be used many times.X... | XZ Utils |
c_yftl7cn76hqz | In most cases, z perifocal = 0 {\displaystyle z_{\text{perifocal}}=0} . | Perifocal coordinate system |
c_yjqrcyr8tja5 | In most categories, the condition of being compact is quite strong, so that most objects are not compact. A category C {\displaystyle C} is compactly generated if any object can be expressed as a filtered colimit of compact objects in C {\displaystyle C} . For example, any vector space V is the filtered colimit of its ... | Compact object (category theory) |
c_9h64oidkpdqr | In most cells the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (abbreviated SER) is scarce. Instead there are areas where the ER is partly smooth and partly rough, this area is called the transitional ER. The transitional ER gets its name because it contains ER exit sites. These are areas where the transport vesicles that contain lipi... | Endoplasmic reticulum lumen |
c_7pxu2q4b0veh | Specialized cells can have a lot of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and in these cells the smooth ER has many functions. It synthesizes lipids, phospholipids, and steroids. Cells which secrete these products, such as those in the testes, ovaries, and sebaceous glands have an abundance of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. | Endoplasmic reticulum lumen |
c_0690ghgsozap | It also carries out the metabolism of carbohydrates, detoxification of natural metabolism products and of alcohol and drugs, attachment of receptors on cell membrane proteins, and steroid metabolism. In muscle cells, it regulates calcium ion concentration. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is found in a variety of cell type... | Endoplasmic reticulum lumen |
c_iegd9932lro4 | The smooth endoplasmic reticulum also contains the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase, which converts glucose-6-phosphate to glucose, a step in gluconeogenesis. It is connected to the nuclear envelope and consists of tubules that are located near the cell periphery. These tubes sometimes branch forming a network that is reti... | Endoplasmic reticulum lumen |
c_4xfxxjwvk2bz | In most cells, the cell wall is flexible, meaning that it will bend rather than holding a fixed shape, but has considerable tensile strength. The apparent rigidity of primary plant tissues is enabled by cell walls, but is not due to the walls' stiffness. Hydraulic turgor pressure creates this rigidity, along with the w... | Primary cell wall |
c_uuyxlvao3tfw | As John Howland explains Think of the cell wall as a wicker basket in which a balloon has been inflated so that it exerts pressure from the inside. Such a basket is very rigid and resistant to mechanical damage. Thus does the prokaryote cell (and eukaryotic cell that possesses a cell wall) gain strength from a flexible... | Primary cell wall |
c_5015iwb9yicq | The apparent rigidity of the cell wall thus results from inflation of the cell contained within. This inflation is a result of the passive uptake of water. In plants, a secondary cell wall is a thicker additional layer of cellulose which increases wall rigidity. | Primary cell wall |
c_fffvd6rd2wqx | Additional layers may be formed by lignin in xylem cell walls, or suberin in cork cell walls. These compounds are rigid and waterproof, making the secondary wall stiff. Both wood and bark cells of trees have secondary walls. Other parts of plants such as the leaf stalk may acquire similar reinforcement to resist the st... | Primary cell wall |
c_hj4ne24ifber | In most centres, removal of squamous cell carcinoma from the oral cavity and neck is achieved primarily through surgery. This also allows a detailed examination of the tissue for histopathologic characteristics, such as depth, and spread to lymph nodes that might require radiation or chemotherapy. For small lesions (T1... | Oral cancer |
c_xdotx6qwqkoh | In most cervid species, only males grow antlers; the reindeer is the only cervid species in which females also grow them normally. Androgens play an essential role in the antler formation of cervids. The antlerogenic genes in reindeer have more sensitivity to androgens in comparison with other cervids.There is consider... | Reindeer husbandry |
c_jawmwn6zyyea | They have the largest antlers relative to body size among living deer species. Antler size measured in number of points reflects the nutritional status of the reindeer and climate variation of its environment. The number of points on male reindeer increases from birth to 5 years of age and remains relatively constant f... | Reindeer husbandry |
c_qtpw0phfsjev | : 24 "In male caribou, antler mass (but not the number of tines) varies in concert with body mass." While antlers of male woodland caribou are typically smaller than those of male barren-ground caribou, they can be over 1 m (3 ft 3 in) across. They are flattened in cross-section, compact and relatively dense. | Reindeer husbandry |
c_79c9x3ug5cjr | Geist describes them as frontally emphasized, flat-beamed antlers. Woodland caribou antlers are thicker and broader than those of the barren-ground caribou and their legs and heads are longer. Quebec-Labrador male caribou antlers can be significantly larger and wider than other woodland caribou. | Reindeer husbandry |
c_0iyxhd7hnet8 | Central barren-ground male caribou antlers are perhaps the most diverse in configuration and can grow to be very high and wide. Osborn's caribou antlers are typically the most massive, with the largest circumference measurements.The antlers' main beams begin at the brow "extending posterior over the shoulders and bowin... | Reindeer husbandry |
c_p5kkcrlwlyax | The antlers typically have two separate groups of points, lower and upper. Antlers begin to grow on male reindeer in March or April and on female reindeer in May or June. | Reindeer husbandry |
c_900hyvfz66p5 | This process is called antlerogenesis. Antlers grow very quickly every year on the bulls. As the antlers grow, they are covered in thick velvet, filled with blood vessels and spongy in texture. | Reindeer husbandry |
c_xfs6gwxif2vu | The antler velvet of the barren-ground caribou and the boreal woodland caribou is dark chocolate brown. The velvet that covers growing antlers is a highly vascularised skin. This velvet is dark brown on woodland or barren-ground caribou and slate-grey on Peary caribou and the Dolphin-Union caribou herd. | Reindeer husbandry |
c_a1jh5iuqcr2z | Velvet lumps in March can develop into a rack measuring more than a meter in length (3 ft) by August. : 88 When the antler growth is fully grown and hardened, the velvet is shed or rubbed off. To the Inuit, for whom the caribou is a "culturally important keystone species", the months are named after landmarks in the ca... | Reindeer husbandry |
c_pzj0uc53fun2 | For example, amiraijaut in the Igloolik region is "when velvet falls off caribou antlers. "Male reindeer use their antlers to compete with other males during the mating season. Butler (1986) showed that the social requirements of caribou females during the rut determines the mating strategies of males and, consequently... | Reindeer husbandry |
c_yqxlgnxczcb2 | In describing woodland caribou, which have a harem-defense mating system, SARA wrote, "During the rut, males engage in frequent and furious sparring battles with their antlers. Large males with large antlers do most of the mating." Reindeer continue to migrate until the bulls have spent their back fat. | Reindeer husbandry |
c_l8not3qry12y | By contrast, barren-ground caribou males tend individual females and their fights are brief and much less intense; consequently, their antlers are long, and thin, round in cross-section and less branched and are designed more for show (or sexual attraction) than fighting. In late autumn or early winter after the rut, m... | Reindeer husbandry |
c_ikztnevd3u6a | In the Scandinavian and Arctic Circle populations, old bulls' antlers fall off in late December, young bulls' antlers fall off in the early spring, and cows' antlers fall off in the summer.When male reindeer shed their antlers in early to mid-winter, the antlered cows acquire the highest ranks in the feeding hierarchy,... | Reindeer husbandry |
c_rb7pa97zd9uf | Cows in good nutritional condition, for example, during a mild winter with good winter range quality, may grow new antlers earlier as antler growth requires high intake. According to a respected Igloolik elder, Noah Piugaattuk, who was one of the last outpost camp leaders, caribou (tuktu) antlers ...get detached every ... | Reindeer husbandry |
c_yvlih7481m59 | The young males engage in fights with their antlers towards autumn...soon after the velvet had fallen off they will be red, as they start to get bleached their colour changes...When the velvet starts to fall off the antler is red because the antler is made from blood. The antler is the blood that has hardened; in fact,... | Reindeer husbandry |
c_um8pjj1fxpcz | A complex set of terms describes each part of the antler and relates it to its various uses". Currently, the larger racks of antlers are used by Inuit as materials for carving. Iqaluit-based Jackoposie Oopakak's 1989 carving, entitled Nunali, which means "place where people live", and which is part of the permanent col... | Reindeer husbandry |
c_plymb9glc2nh | In most characteristics, wood with bird's eye figure is no different from the rest of the wood from the same tree. Depending on the frequency and radius of the birdseye swirls, each 1⁄8 to 3⁄8 inch (0.32 to 0.95 cm) wide, the wood may be extremely valuable. While woodworkers prize the timber primarily for its use in ve... | Bird's eye figure |
c_cgtaw758h9k1 | In most chess problems, including retrograde analysis problems, castling is assumed to be legal unless it can be proved otherwise. An en passant capture, on the other hand, is permitted only if it can be proved that the last move was a double step of the pawn to be captured. These two conventions lead to features uniqu... | Retrograde analysis |
c_suauo8cm4eak | In most children, night terrors eventually subside and do not need to be treated. It may be helpful to reassure the child and their family that they will outgrow this disorder.The duration of one episode is mostly brief but it may last longer if parents try to wake up the child. Awakening the child may make their agita... | Night terrors |
c_3ywdfw1zvcdt | Windows should be closed and potentially dangerous items should be removed from the bedroom, and additionally, alarms can be installed and the child placed in a downstairs bedroom.There is some evidence to suggest that night terrors can result from lack of sleep or poor sleeping habits. In these cases, it can be helpfu... | Night terrors |
c_68qvl1jbpmix | Another option could be to adapt child's naps so that they are not too long or too short. Then, excessive stress or conflicts in a child's life could also have an impact on their sleep too, so to have some strategies to cope with stress combined with psychotherapy could decrease the frequency of the episodes. A polysom... | Night terrors |
c_hayj15mbi7ja | Sleepers could become less sensitive to their sleep terrors.One technique is to wake up just before the sleep terrors begin. When they appear regularly, this method can prevent their appearance.Psychotherapy or counseling might be helpful in some cases. If all these methods are not enough, benzodiazepines (such as diaz... | Night terrors |
c_a1puudm46rgg | In most circumstances the demand curve has a negative slope, and therefore slopes downwards. This is due to the law of demand which conditions that there is an inverse relationship between price and the demand of a good or a service. As price goes up quantity demanded reduces and as price reduces quantitiy demanded inc... | Demand curve |
c_lyddssw80a4t | If income were to change, for example, the effect of the change would be represented by a change in the value of "a" and be reflected graphically as a shift of the demand curve. The constant b is the slope of the demand curve and shows how the price of the good affects the quantity demanded.The graph of the demand curv... | Demand curve |
c_fduwnhx98vwc | In most circumstances, the transient cavity is not stable and collapses under gravity. In small craters, less than about 4 km diameter on Earth, there is some limited collapse of the crater rim coupled with debris sliding down the crater walls and drainage of impact melts into the deeper cavity. The resultant structure... | Meteor crater |
c_u22nvzzz99gh | Above a certain threshold size, which varies with planetary gravity, the collapse and modification of the transient cavity is much more extensive, and the resulting structure is called a complex crater. The collapse of the transient cavity is driven by gravity, and involves both the uplift of the central region and the... | Meteor crater |
c_ji9nzih2ylx7 | Complex craters have uplifted centers, and they have typically broad flat shallow crater floors, and terraced walls. At the largest sizes, one or more exterior or interior rings may appear, and the structure may be labeled an impact basin rather than an impact crater. Complex-crater morphology on rocky planets appears ... | Meteor crater |
c_e136jaivloxk | In most cities, there are no legal requirements beyond those applying to all cyclists. Some jurisdictions, though, require the licensing of courier bicycles. In Calgary, Alberta for example, metal license plates must be fixed to bicycles used for courier work. Vancouver, British Columbia additionally requires bicycle m... | Bike messengers |
c_59jgcc8fzfw2 | In most classical Nahuatl texts, printed as well as manuscript, short and long vowels are not distinguished, and the glottal stop /ʔ/ or "saltillo" is not represented. This underrepresentation apparently did not seriously affect legibility. In his Arte de la Lengua Mexicana (1645), the priest and grammarian Horacio Car... | Nahuatl orthography |
c_rx01d75wzfqh | He also marked the presence of word-internal glottal stop with a grave accent on the preceding vowel letter (à, è, ì, ò), and word-final glottal stop with a circumflex on the preceding vowel letter (â, ê, î, ô), for example tlàcuilô /tɬaʔkʷiloʔ/ "scribe, painter". Since long vowels do not occur before glottal stop, the... | Nahuatl orthography |
c_jrov9cv9etb7 | In most classrooms, students can benefit from the following: Easier to see PCs for those who have a hard time seeing the board. Less cluttered PCs for those who have difficulty concentrating. Easier to hear PCs for those who have difficulty hearing the teacher speak. | Accessible computing |
c_ki1ggq8x5wvw | In most climates, only paintings in sheltered sites, in particular caves, have survived for any length of time. Therefore, these are usually called "cave paintings", although many do survive in "rock-shelters" or cliff-faces under an overhang. In prehistoric times, these were often popular places for various human purp... | Rock painting |
c_g1njlya6247q | There may have been many more paintings in more exposed sites, that are now lost. Pictographs are paintings or drawings that have been placed onto the rock face. Such artworks have typically been made with mineral earths and other natural compounds found across much of the world. | Rock painting |
c_h1wlkmfmtjh3 | The predominantly used colours are red, black and white. Red paint is usually attained through the use of ground ochre, while black paint is typically composed of charcoal, or sometimes from minerals such as manganese. White paint is usually created from natural chalk, kaolinite clay or diatomaceous earth. | Rock painting |
c_t3jd4pqmlazq | Once the pigments had been obtained, they would be ground and mixed with a liquid, such as water, blood, urine, or egg yolk, and then applied to the stone as paint using a brush, fingers, or a stamp. Alternately, the pigment could have been applied on dry, such as with a stick of charcoal. In some societies, the paint ... | Rock painting |
c_gcgms6zkyam0 | There are three forms of this; the first involves covering the hand in wet paint and then applying it to the rock. The second involves a design being painted onto the hand, which is then in turn added to the surface. The third involves the hand first being placed against the panel, with dry paint then being blown onto ... | Rock painting |
c_br0xjc5ezsa7 | In most cockpit setups, reverse thrust is set when the thrust levers are on idle by pulling them farther back. Reverse thrust is typically applied immediately after touchdown, often along with spoilers, to improve deceleration early in the landing roll when residual aerodynamic lift and high speed limit the effectivene... | Reverse thrust |
c_98krq6a6xy6o | The early deceleration provided by reverse thrust can reduce landing roll by a quarter or more. Regulations dictate, however, that an aircraft must be able to land on a runway without the use of thrust reversal in order to be certified to land there as part of scheduled airline service. Once the aircraft's speed has sl... | Reverse thrust |
c_18o336mbqjzv | If circumstances require it, reverse thrust can be used all the way to a stop, or even to provide thrust to push the aircraft backward, though aircraft tugs or towbars are more commonly used for that purpose. When reverse thrust is used to push an aircraft back from the gate, the maneuver is called a powerback. Some ma... | Reverse thrust |
c_t3mzoutpyv6p | In most command-line interfaces or text editors, the text cursor, also known as a caret, is an underscore, a solid rectangle, or a vertical line, which may be flashing or steady, indicating where text will be placed when entered (the insertion point). In text mode displays, it was not possible to show a vertical bar be... | Pointer (computing WIMP) |
c_bmksxigoc0t3 | In a typical text editing application, the cursor can be moved by pressing various keys. These include the four arrow keys, the Page Up and Page Down keys, the Home key, the End key, and various key combinations involving a modifier key such as the Control key. The position of the cursor also may be changed by moving t... | Pointer (computing WIMP) |
c_zsooi7wptyd6 | The blinking of the text cursor is usually temporarily suspended when it is being moved; otherwise, the cursor may change position when it is not visible, making its location difficult to follow. The concept of a blinking cursor can be attributed to Charles Kiesling Sr. via US Patent 3531796, filed in August 1967.Some ... | Pointer (computing WIMP) |
c_74e1l2m8xkc3 | In most commercial control systems, derivative action is based on process variable rather than error. That is, a change in the setpoint does not affect the derivative action. This is because the digitized version of the algorithm produces a large unwanted spike when the setpoint is changed. If the setpoint is constant ... | PID Controller |
c_pbaxp1nu0di8 | In most common bee species, worker bees are infertile due to enforced altruistic kin selection, and thus never reproduce. Workers are nevertheless considered female for anatomical and genetic reasons. Genetically, a worker bee does not differ from a queen bee and can even become a laying worker bee, but in most species... | Worker bee |
c_4g75peejz8hx | In most common law countries, especially those with fused professions, lawyers have many options over the course of their careers. Besides private practice, they can become a prosecutor, government counsel, corporate in-house counsel, administrative law judge, judge, arbitrator, or law professor. There are also many no... | Legal services |
c_2519puzz6mku | After one earns a law degree, career mobility may be severely constrained. For example, unlike their American counterparts, it is difficult for German judges to leave the bench and become advocates in private practice. Another interesting example is France, where for much of the 20th century, all judiciary officials we... | Legal services |
c_yvbrr8kt2esw | In most common law jurisdictions, a decree nisi must be obtained in possession proceedings before the court will order foreclosure under a mortgage enforcement. This form of ruling has become a rarity in recent times, with few exceptions: in some jurisdictions, it is still a standard stage of divorce proceedings. In Ho... | Decree nisi |
c_nk4yt7xqdf9o | In practice, courts use an interval of six weeks and one day. Another exception regarding orders nisi is where a creditor seeks to place a charge on land for money owed. | Decree nisi |
c_ebeg37kewrd9 | A court, on the production of certain evidence, will make a charging order nisi and a hearing date is set. If the court is satisfied at the hearing that the creditor is entitled to have a charge on the debtor's property, it will grant a charging order absolute. == References == | Decree nisi |
c_t626kgbdesn9 | In most common law jurisdictions, the American Law Institute's Model Penal Code, and in the various U.S. state statutes, which have codified homicide definitions, the term has been abandoned or substantially revised. The four states of mind that are now recognized as constituting "malice aforethought" in murder prosecu... | Malice aforethought |
c_bm2i9rfkr0t0 | Intent to kill or to inflict serious bodily injury would be considered express. This does not mean that the accused made a plan far in advance, but it could even be in the moment of the crime. If the person did the action knowing it would hurt or kill the other person, there was express malice involved, which is a form... | Malice aforethought |
c_8n2rhbse6n60 | This is implied malice, which requires that a person knowingly did an act that they knew was dangerous, and acted without concern for other people's safety. Intention can also be found where the perpetrator acts with gross recklessness showing lack of care for human life, commonly referred to as "depraved-heart murder"... | Malice aforethought |
c_pydbbvow3n4a | In most common law jurisdictions, the jury is responsible for finding the facts of the case, while the judge determines the law. These "peers of the accused" are responsible for listening to a dispute, evaluating the evidence presented, deciding on the facts, and making a decision in accordance with the rules of law an... | Jury trial |
c_ksl9aqpy3h7g | In most common law jurisdictions, there was no common law right to recover civil damages for the wrongful death of a person. Under common law, a dead person cannot bring a suit (under the maxim actio personalis moritur cum persona), and this created an anomaly in which activities that resulted in a person's injury woul... | Wrongful death |
c_r9w7n0olst4o | Many jurisdictions enacted statutes to create a right to such recovery. The issue of liability will be determined by the tort law of a given state or nation. | Wrongful death |
c_ohkwcsjx6pge | It may be possible for a family to seek retribution against someone who kills or is accused of killing a family member through tort rather than a criminal prosecution, which has a higher burden of proof. However, the two actions are not mutually exclusive; a person may be prosecuted criminally for causing a person's de... | Wrongful death |
c_4ndj9es6ofts | In most common types of dementias there is widespread degeneration in the cerebral cortex – such as the plaques and neuro fibrillary tangles which are the hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. In subcortical dementia, there is targeted damage to regions lying under the cortex. The pathological process that result in subcort... | Subcortical dementia |
c_ox84x7wstadr | In most competitions the sponsor or "coach" is allowed to select 4 students per division to participate in a "team" test (formally called "Team Bowl".) Each team member sits with the rest of their team and is allowed to communicate and collaborate during the team round. A few competitions do not allow the team members ... | Mu Alpha Theta |
c_w4uhhe1vvu32 | When there is enough space, schools may take advantage of this multiple team rule and have up to four teams in one division's team round, though only the first two teams are considered for Sweepstakes. The grading scale is different for the team round. Questions are given one by one, whereas in the individual round stu... | Mu Alpha Theta |
c_vchggey0x8xp | There are usually 12 questions (not including tie-breakers), and each team has 4 minutes to answer the question. If they answer the question correctly before the first minute, they receive 16 points, if they answer before the second they receive 12 points, before 3 minutes, 8 points, 4 points before 4 minutes has expir... | Mu Alpha Theta |
c_75hemm5in2yd | For example, if no team turned in an answer to a particular question in the first minute but another team answered correctly in the second minute, the team will be awarded the full 16 points even though they answered it in the second minute; a third minute-answering team would get twelve points; and the fourth minute-a... | Mu Alpha Theta |
c_ub9yt8iudi5h | In most competitions, the fiddlers with the collector (or collectors) of the most worms in a set time are declared as the winners. They usually have a zone in which to perform their charming, measuring three yards square. | Worm charming |
c_jst99mlyguhz | In most complete moles, all nuclear genes are inherited from the father only (androgenesis). In approximately 80% of these androgenetic moles, the most probable mechanism is that an egg with an empty nucleus or no nucleus is fertilized by a single sperm, followed by a duplication of all chromosomes/genes (a process cal... | Molar pregnancy |
c_hhdxgyk5e6vw | In all these cases, the mitochondrial genes are inherited from the mother, as usual. Most partial moles are triploid (three chromosome sets). The nucleus contains one maternal set of genes and two paternal sets. | Molar pregnancy |
c_5khuoe0hzti2 | The mechanism is usually the reduplication of the paternal haploid set from a single sperm, but may also be the consequence of dispermic (two sperm) fertilization of the egg.In rare cases, hydatidiform moles are tetraploid (four chromosome sets) or have other chromosome abnormalities. A small percentage of hydatidiform... | Molar pregnancy |
c_5flqowbwt3jg | In most complexes with terminal phosphido ligands, phosphorus is pyramidal, as expected with a stereochemically active lone pair of electrons. The M-P bond length in the pyramidal phosphide complex is longer than the M-P bond length in corresponding transition metal phosphine complexes. The pyramidal phosphido complex.... | Transition metal phosphido complexes |
c_tv9bjskt34f6 | The elongated Os-PHPh bond is often attributed to the electronic repulsion of the lone pair and nonbonding electrons on Os. Also, in another ruthenium complex, the Ru-P(Me)Ph bond is 0.17 Å longer than Ru-PH(Me)Ph in the related phosphine ligand version of the complex, +. | Transition metal phosphido complexes |
c_fe7jd4a5k4ug | Additionally electronic repulsion of the P-centered lone pair and metal-based electrons enhance the nucleophilicity of the phosphide ligand. This high basicity and high nucleophilicity leads to the dimerization reaction. The inversion of configuration at pyramidal terminal phosphides has been observed by 31P NMR spectr... | Transition metal phosphido complexes |
c_hulgq3j043um | In most computer display systems, images are encoded with a gamma of about 0.45 and decoded with the reciprocal gamma of 2.2. A notable exception, until the release of Mac OS X 10.6 (Snow Leopard) in September 2009, were Macintosh computers, which encoded with a gamma of 0.55 and decoded with a gamma of 1.8. In any cas... | Gamma compression |
c_x0mwqhv34byz | The system can optionally further manage both cases, through color management, if a better match to the output device gamma is required. The sRGB color space standard used with most cameras, PCs, and printers does not use a simple power-law nonlinearity as above, but has a decoding gamma value near 2.2 over much of its... | Gamma compression |
c_ewxrwsi302w0 | The dashed black curve behind the red curve is a standard γ = 2.2 power-law curve, for comparison. Gamma correction in computers is used, for example, to display a gamma = 1.8 Apple picture correctly on a gamma = 2.2 PC monitor by changing the image gamma. Another usage is equalizing of the individual color-channel gam... | Gamma compression |
c_ebt6x850ydx6 | In most computer file systems, every directory has an entry (usually named ".") which points to the directory itself. In most DOS and UNIX command shells, as well as in the Microsoft Windows command line interpreters cmd.exe and Windows PowerShell, the working directory can be changed by using the CD or CHDIR commands.... | Wd (command) |
c_n42hl98247d5 | The environment variable PWD (in Unix/Linux shells), or the pseudo-environment variables CD (in Windows COMMAND.COM and cmd.exe, but not in OS/2 and DOS), or _CWD, _CWDS, _CWP and _CWPS (under 4DOS, 4OS2, 4NT etc.) can be used in scripts, so that one need not start an external program. Microsoft Windows file shortcuts ... | Wd (command) |
c_llsw2jtvvhkp | This can be used to create a temporary batchjob storing the working directory in an environment variable like CD for later use, for example: ECHOS SET CD=> SETCD.BAT CHDIR >> SETCD.BAT CALL SETCD.BAT DEL SETCD.BAT Alternatively, under Multiuser DOS and DR-DOS 7.02 and higher, various internal and external commands supp... | Wd (command) |
c_5rxrlygkjbs7 | Where CHDIR would issue a directory path like C:\DOS, a command like CHDIR /B would issue CHDIR C:\DOS instead, so that CHDIR /B > RETDIR.BAT would create a temporary batchjob allowing to return to this directory later on. The working directory is also displayed by the $P token of the PROMPT command To keep the prompt ... | Wd (command) |
c_pa0k8xhgl6ow | in C:\DOS> or C:\DOS\DRDOS>, a PROMPT $N:$W$G would instead yield C:DOS> and C:DRDOS>, respectively. A similar facility (using $W and $w) was added to 4DOS as well.Under DOS, the absolute paths of the working directories of all logical volumes are internally stored in an array-like data structure called the Current Dir... | Wd (command) |
c_af6z5hdkxjza | In most computer games, speed of the processors and gameplay are more important than accuracy of simulation. This leads to designs for physics engines that produce results in real-time but that replicate real world physics only for simple cases and typically with some approximation. More often than not, the simulation ... | Physics engine |
c_r39wcea7bpz5 | This requires more accurate physics so that, for example, the momentum of an object can knock over an obstacle or lift a sinking object. Physically-based character animation in the past only used rigid body dynamics because they are faster and easier to calculate, but modern games and movies are starting to use soft bo... | Physics engine |
c_4zcbsikvjvug | In most computer programming languages a do while loop is a control flow statement that executes a block of code and then either repeats the block or exits the loop depending on a given boolean condition. The do while construct consists of a process symbol and a condition. First the code within the block is executed. T... | Do while loop |
c_dsnzuuxbhpda | If the condition is true the code within the block is executed again. This repeats until the condition becomes false. Do while loops check the condition after the block of code is executed. | Do while loop |
c_0trgd4xaa8ml | This control structure can be known as a post-test loop. This means the do-while loop is an exit-condition loop. However a while loop will test the condition before the code within the block is executed. | Do while loop |
c_0ugluhdesnjv | This means that the code is always executed first and then the expression or test condition is evaluated. This process is repeated as long as the expression evaluates to true. If the expression is false the loop terminates. | Do while loop |
c_fm7vuoiuq9pe | A while loop sets the truth of a statement as a necessary condition for the code's execution. A do-while loop provides for the action's ongoing execution until the condition is no longer true. | Do while loop |
c_1alqfy51x2rf | It is possible and sometimes desirable for the condition to always evaluate to be true. This creates an infinite loop. When an infinite loop is created intentionally there is usually another control structure that allows termination of the loop. | Do while loop |
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