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c_f89lecthhgkc | For example a break statement would allow termination of an infinite loop. Some languages may use a different naming convention for this type of loop. For example, the Pascal and Lua languages have a "repeat until" loop, which continues to run until the control expression is true and then terminates. In contrast a "whi... | Do while loop |
c_uyjnl10x9vtd | In most computer programming languages, a while loop is a control flow statement that allows code to be executed repeatedly based on a given Boolean condition. The while loop can be thought of as a repeating if statement. | While loop |
c_4gjj424x1rly | In most computer programming, a programmer keeps a program's intended results in mind and painstakingly constructs a program to achieve those results. Inferential programming refers to (still mostly hypothetical) techniques and technologies enabling the inverse. This would allow describing an intended result to a compu... | Inferential programming |
c_i1vwr74jqk5c | During the 1980s, approaches to achieve inferential programming mostly involved techniques for logical inference. Today the term is sometimes used in connection with evolutionary computation techniques that enable a computer to evolve a solution in response to a problem posed as a fitness or reward function. In July 20... | Inferential programming |
c_0zjiymyov0lq | In most computer-aided design of parts to be machined, paper is avoided altogether, and the finished design is an image on the computer display. The computer-aided design program generates a computer numerical control sequence from the approved design. The sequence is a computer file which will control the operation of... | Blueprint |
c_l1czquaa5ugh | These displays include mobile devices, such as smartphones or tablets. Software allows users to view and annotate electronic drawing files. | Blueprint |
c_aagftkgy4aol | Construction crews use software in the field to edit, share, and view blueprint documents in real-time.Many of the original paper blueprints are archived since they are still in use. In many situations their conversion to digital form is prohibitively expensive. Most buildings and roads constructed before c. 1990 will ... | Blueprint |
c_60hh9aq3nx7y | In most computers, individual instructions are stored as machine code with each instruction being given a unique number (its operation code or opcode for short). The command to add two numbers together would have one opcode; the command to multiply them would have a different opcode, and so on. The simplest computers a... | Computer systems |
c_eolvmyplvrr0 | This leads to the important fact that entire programs (which are just lists of these instructions) can be represented as lists of numbers and can themselves be manipulated inside the computer in the same way as numeric data. The fundamental concept of storing programs in the computer's memory alongside the data they op... | Computer systems |
c_d59t4fidw9fw | This is called the Harvard architecture after the Harvard Mark I computer. Modern von Neumann computers display some traits of the Harvard architecture in their designs, such as in CPU caches. | Computer systems |
c_wlu2fjrh6wjk | While it is possible to write computer programs as long lists of numbers (machine language) and while this technique was used with many early computers, it is extremely tedious and potentially error-prone to do so in practice, especially for complicated programs. Instead, each basic instruction can be given a short nam... | Computer systems |
c_c2sy8u5k003w | In most constellations, Bayer assigned Greek and Latin letters to stars within a constellation in rough order of apparent brightness, from brightest to dimmest. The order is not necessarily a precise labeling from brightest to dimmest: in Bayer's day stellar brightness could not be measured precisely. Instead, stars we... | Bayer designations |
c_df7gahuv3lyu | As a result, the brightest star in each class did not always get listed first in Bayer's order—and the brightest star overall did not necessarily get the designation "Alpha". A good example is the constellation Gemini, where Pollux is Beta Geminorum and the slightly dimmer Castor is Alpha Geminorum. In addition, Bayer ... | Bayer designations |
c_zclhjs373og8 | Occasionally the order looks quite arbitrary.Of the 88 modern constellations, there are at least 30 in which "Alpha" is not the brightest star, and four of those lack a star labeled "Alpha" altogether. The constellations with no alpha-designated star include Vela and Puppis—both formerly part of Argo Navis, whose Greek... | Bayer designations |
c_bxrmxit3fhx0 | In most constitutional monarchies, prerogatives can be abolished by Parliament as the courts apply the constitutional near-absolute of the supremacy of Parliament. In the Commonwealth realms, this draws on the constitutional statutes at the time of the Glorious Revolution, when William III and Mary II were invited to t... | Royal prerogative |
c_lsdhe6jhkgc8 | In most conventional activated sludge processes or aerobic granular reactor, the microorganisms grow in flocs. Flocs are defined as a mass of microorganisms that are held together by slime or fungal filaments, which help with aerobic decomposition and trapping particles (et al. Wilen). Activated sludges are built with ... | Aerobic granular reactor |
c_wyl98lifgpw0 | The second tank or the “settling tank” is where treated water is separated from flocculation. This is the most important part because the biomass is in the form of the flocculent sludge, which consists of extracellular polymeric substances. There are some downfalls to using a conventional AGS system because they tend t... | Aerobic granular reactor |
c_idrsbbk6l2mz | In most conventional warfare, the belligerents deploy forces of a similar type, and the outcome can be predicted by the quantity or quality of the opposing forces, for example, better command and control of theirs (c2). There are times when this is the case, and conventional forces are not easily compared, making it di... | Asymmetric war |
c_5sclr513kvl6 | In most coolers gas is compressed and expanded periodically. Well-known coolers such as the Stirling engine coolers and the popular Gifford-McMahon coolers have a displacer that ensures that the cooling (due to expansion) takes place in a different region of the machine than the heating (due to compression). Due to its... | Pulse tube cryocooler |
c_o6f16pcwidkw | In most corporate settings, upgrades to a facility's energy infrastructure must compete for capital funding with non-energy-related investments. Both energy and non-energy investments are rated on a single set of financial criteria that generally stress the expected return on investment (ROI). The projected operating s... | Energy audit |
c_fuxozdlbggh7 | In most countries across the world, it is the last age at which one is considered a minor under law. In the UK, the minimum age for taking driving lessons, and to drive a car or a van In the US and Canada, it is the age at which one may purchase, rent, or reserve M-rated video games without parental consent In some US ... | 17 (number) |
c_wbwqs6h3306p | In most countries and neurosurgical centres, the ETV procedure is part of the basic neurosurgery training program. For the sake of teaching and practicing, various simulation models have been developed. Virtual reality simulators, and synthetic simulators. This allows neurosurgical trainees to practice skills in a low-... | Endoscopic third ventriculostomy |
c_8lgmo8i7kk46 | Educators can select either a virtual reality simulator or a physical model for the training of residents, the selection should be based on educational objectives. Where training focused on anatomy and using anatomical landmarks for decision making may better be aided with virtual reality model, the focus on familiariz... | Endoscopic third ventriculostomy |
c_4464s79shx42 | In most countries in Europe and also Australia and New Zealand, the "headline" octane rating shown on the pump is the RON, but in Canada, the United States, and Mexico, the headline number is the simple mean or average of the RON and the MON, called the Anti-Knock Index (AKI), and often written on pumps as (R+M)/2. AKI... | Octane rating |
c_vqq5odsa246l | In most countries males comprise the vast majority of workplace fatalities. In the EU as a whole, 94% of death were of males. In the UK the disparity was even greater with males comprising 97.4% of workplace deaths. In the UK there were 171 fatal injuries at work in financial year 2011–2012, compared with 651 in calend... | Occupational health and safety |
c_ntkymy67gfw7 | In most countries of Western Europe, AIDS cases have fallen to levels not seen since the original outbreak; many attribute this trend to aggressive educational campaigns, screening of blood transfusions and increased use of condoms. Also, the death rate from AIDS in Western Europe has fallen sharply, as new AIDS therap... | Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS |
c_q9j52hzvkqav | In most countries one is required to obtain a glider pilot license (GPL) or certificate before acting as pilot of a glider. The requirements vary from country to country. In many countries, licensing or certification is similar for gliders and powered aircraft. Training must be undertaken from a certified instructor, a... | Glider pilot licence |
c_26no2o50umis | The exception is when a pilot is flying under Ultralight (Ultralite) glider rules within the United States. The aviation knowledge and skill requirements for a glider are usually similar to those for a powered aircraft, taking into account the different requirements of the aircraft categories. Most countries also requi... | Glider pilot licence |
c_e0dm9frjjry4 | The United States does not require a medical certificate to operate a glider with a U.S. airman certificate. Canada also permits glider pilot license holders to self-certify, but requires regular medical examinations for gliding instructors. | Glider pilot licence |
c_amwos8xrrixx | In some countries, glider instruction and licensing are regulated by a national non-governmental organisation representing the gliding community. This is true in the Netherlands, Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. New Zealand also issues a government license to pilots who fly for fees and for those who wish... | Glider pilot licence |
c_cnmhci5xfh8l | In most countries rail traffic travels on the same side as road traffic. However, there are many instances of railways built using LHT British technology which remained LHT despite their nations' road traffic becoming RHT. Examples include: Argentina, Belgium, Bolivia, Cambodia, Chile, Egypt, France, Iraq, Israel, Ital... | Left hand traffic |
c_p4zv7k9oyrs0 | France is mainly LHT for trains except for the classic lines in Alsace–Lorraine, which were converted from LHT to RHT under German administration from 1870 to 1918, along with most metro systems. China is primarily LHT for long-distance trains and RHT for metro systems. Spain has RHT for railways but the metros uses LH... | Left hand traffic |
c_4kh3gczgi29m | In North America, multi-track rail lines with centralized traffic control are typically signaled to allow operation on any track in both directions, and the side of operation will vary based on the railroad's specific operational requirements.Metro and light rail sides of operation vary and might not match railways or ... | Left hand traffic |
c_gmzp90o2r9rl | In most countries school education is predominantly financed and provided by governments. Public funding and provision also plays a major role in higher education. Although there is wide agreement on the principle that education, at least at school level, should be financed mainly by governments, there is considerable ... | Education economics |
c_dzt284q4srwt | In most countries that play host to hobbyists who would call themselves cosplayers, female-to-male crossplayers (females costumed as male characters, sometimes abbreviated "FtM") are far more common, due to a variety of social and cultural factors.Many (or even most) females will crossplay for the same reasons that the... | Crossplay (cosplay) |
c_fsvs4xfs9jv1 | In most countries the advertising industry, via its peak industry associations, endorses a single media research company as the official provider of audience measurement. The methodology used by the official provider then becomes known as the industry currency in audience measurement. Industry members fund the audience... | Audience measurement |
c_3bdsxta36ng7 | In such countries, there is said to be no industry currency. Four basic methods of data collection are used to survey broadcast audiences, namely interviews, diaries, meters or scanning and modelling. Research companies employ different methodologies depending on where and when media is used and the cost of data collec... | Audience measurement |
c_g1wjland5lxb | All these methods involve sampling – that is taking a representative sample of the population and recording their media usage which is then extrapolated to the general population.The Kantar Media network (including TNS) currently measures TV, radio, and internet audiences in over 40 countries. Nielsen Media Research is... | Audience measurement |
c_vrijipmo6xu2 | GfK, a global market research company, provides similar Media Measurement services in Europe and other parts of the world. In Australia, television ratings are collected by three main organizations. OzTAM serves metropolitan areas, Regional TAM serves regional areas serviced by three commercial networks. | Audience measurement |
c_ckjjsf3sdhly | Ratings are collected year round, but findings are not made public for a period of around 10 weeks over summer which allows the networks to experiment with schedules. Radio surveys are carried out by Nielsen Media Research Australia. In Israel, MBER provide Radio and TV measurement rating. | Audience measurement |
c_2bap9m6ji5m9 | In Argentina, radio and television measurement is done by Ibope and Infortecnica. In Armenia, television ratings are collected by Admosphere-Armenia CJSC. In Austria the measurement is done by GfK at the request of Verein Arbeitsgemeinschaft TELETEST (AGTT). | Audience measurement |
c_v8m4dgrs9v6r | In Belgium TV and radio measurements are handled by GfK at the request of Centrum voor Informatie over de Media (CIM). In Bosnia and Herzegovina, Mareco Index Bosnia is the provider of TAM ratings (TV Meters). This company also provides Radio & Print Measurement data (Diary). | Audience measurement |
c_2alu19ck3oxt | In Brazil, IBOPE provide measurement services for TV. The provider of Bulgarian TAM ratings is Taylor Nelson Sofres TV PLAN; this company uses TV meters. In Canada, Numeris measures both TV and radio while its subsidiary NLogic is one of several companies that provide software for analyzing the data. | Audience measurement |
c_9ywi4j2h0xnw | In Colombia, television measurement is done by IBOPE and Nielsen. In Radio, measurements are handled by ECAR Finnpanel measures both radio and TV in Finland. In Czech Republic, television ratings are collected by Mediaresearch. | Audience measurement |
c_fyf316kjot4i | In Denmark, radio measurement is handled by TNS Gallup. In France, radio and television measurement is handled by Médiamétrie. Newspaper readership is handled by EPIQ. | Audience measurement |
c_x4h17v5x9o5h | In Germany TV audience measurement is done by Gesellschaft für Konsumforschung (known as GfK). In Greece television measurement is done by AGB Hellas (Nielsen Audience Measurement). In India, television ratings are collected by Broadcast Audience Research Council (BARC) India. | Audience measurement |
c_iqvk4if5jyik | Broadcast Audience Research Council (BARC) India is a joint-industry not-for-profit body that publishes weekly TV viewership data for India. It is mandated to design, commission, supervise, and own a television audience measurement system for India, and provides Indian broadcast sector with a real-time television ratin... | Audience measurement |
c_7uqpvzy8hsu7 | It uses Audio Watermarking technology to measure viewership of TV channels, and the system also allows measurement of time-shifted viewing and simulcasts. The company was incorporated in 2010 and is based in Mumbai, India. | Audience measurement |
c_0461n1nht0m1 | For Radio Audience Measurement, TAM Media Research and IRAM (Indian Radio Audience Measurement) holds country wide telephonic surveys. In Japan, Video Research Ltd. | Audience measurement |
c_cc2bmoo54lhs | handles radio and television measurement. IRS (Indian Readership Survey) is the industry currency for newspaper and magazine readership. In Kazakhstan, TV measurement is handled by TNS. | Audience measurement |
c_utgo0sitdoi8 | In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia the measurement is done by GfK at the request of Saudi Media Measurement Company (SMMC). In Lithuania, TV and radio measurements are handled by TNS Gallup. In Malaysia, no single, official currency for measuring TV audiences and two competing companies provide data, using different method... | Audience measurement |
c_8s5qffva5i7v | In the Netherlands Press, TV and radio measurements are handled by GfK. In New Zealand GfK measures radio audiences, while ACB McNair measures TV audiences. In the Philippines, TV measurement is handled by Kantar Media Philippines and AGB Nielsen Media Research Philippines. | Audience measurement |
c_pj1ox88rznvl | Kantar Media uses a nationwide panel size of 2,609 urban and rural homes that represent 100% of the total Philippine TV viewing population, while AGB Nielsen reportedly has only 1,980 homes based solely in urban areas that represent only 57% of the Philippine TV viewing population. Kantar Media covers 15.135 million ho... | Audience measurement |
c_r57n783kxy6a | Print measurement is handled by AGB Nielsen, TNS, and Strategic Consumer and Media Incites Inc. (SCMI). In Pakistan TV audience measurement is done by Gallup BRB & Medialogic Pakistan. In Portugal TV audience measurement is done by GfK. | Audience measurement |
c_8zrxfhbieosr | In Poland TV audience measurement is done by Nielsen Audience Measurement. Internet audience measurement is done by Gemius. In Russia TV, Radio, Press and Internet measurements are handled by TNS Gallup, OOH is measured by ESPAR Analytics in cooperation with TNS Gallup, Digital Signage is measured by gocount.net. | Audience measurement |
c_clihuvk8sfqn | In Singapore the measurement is done by GfK at the request of Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA). In Slovakia TV audience measurement is done by TNS. In South Korea, television measurement is handled by AGB Nielsen (formerly Media Service Korea) and TNmS Media (formerly TNS Korea). | Audience measurement |
c_e1wqaflw3ygd | AGB Nielsen also handles internet content measurement with the help of CJ E&M's Smart Media division. In Spain, digital signage audience measurement is done by aiTech. Radio and television measurement is done by Infortecnica. | Audience measurement |
c_b969hnj4nrcs | In South Africa TNS collects radio survey data while Nielsen Media collects data for television audiences In Sweden TV audience measurement is done by MMS — Mediamätning i Skandinavien. In Turkey, TV measurement is done by TNS (Kantar Media), radio by Nielsen. In the UK, television measurement is administered by the Br... | Audience measurement |
c_b3bchm8tir7h | The NRS (National Readership Survey) measures newspaper and magazine readership. In the United States, TV and radio measurement is carried out Nielsen Media Research (the radio component was formerly carried out by Arbitron), and digital signage by TruMedia and CognoVision. Stratacache uses audience measurement technol... | Audience measurement |
c_6280jdu3lzvc | In most countries the incidence of suicides is higher than the incidence of intentional homicides. More people die of suicide than die of war and murder.A 2006 report by the World Health Organization (WHO) states that nearly a million people take their own lives every year, more than those murdered or killed in war. WH... | Epidemiology of suicide |
c_gpka82nke2oi | In most countries the registration number starts with a region code where the egg production facilities are situated: Germany - 01 Schleswig-Holstein, 02 Hamburg, 03 Lower Saxony, 04 Bremen, 05 North Rhine-Westphalia, 06 Hesse, 07 Rhineland-Palatinate, 08 Baden-Württemberg, 09 Bavaria, 11 Berlin, 12 Brandenburg, 13 Mec... | Egg marking |
c_l81iv7q0cdoy | In most countries there is a shortage of suitable organs for transplantation. Countries often have formal systems in place to manage the process of determining who is an organ donor and in what order organ recipients receive available organs. The overwhelming majority of deceased-donor organs in the United States are a... | Tissue transplant |
c_sx2z2i5e6qqw | Individual regional organ procurement organizations, all members of the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network, are responsible for the identification of suitable donors and collection of the donated organs. UNOS then allocates organs based on the method considered most fair by the leadership in the field. The a... | Tissue transplant |
c_9i367tx8rcy4 | For example, liver allocation is based partially on MELD score (Model of End-Stage Liver Disease), an empirical score based on lab values indicative of the sickness of the person from liver disease. In 1984, the National Organ Transplant Act (NOTA) was passed; it gave way to the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Ne... | Tissue transplant |
c_8mndfov4ky88 | In 2000 the Children's Health Act passed and required NOTA to consider special issues around pediatric patients and organ allocation. An example of "line jumping" occurred in 2003 at Duke University when doctors attempted to correct an initially incorrect transplant. | Tissue transplant |
c_x9noyglbs9aw | An American teenager received a heart-lung donation with the wrong blood type for her. She then received a second transplant even though she was then in such poor physical shape that she normally would not be considered a good candidate for a transplant.In an April 2008 article in The Guardian, Steven Tsui, the head of... | Tissue transplant |
c_4blwvz9iing4 | But we also have to manage expectations. If we know that in an average year we will do 30 heart transplants, there is no point putting 60 people on our waiting list, because we know half of them will die and it's not right to give them false hope. "Experiencing somewhat increased popularity, but still very rare, is dir... | Tissue transplant |
c_adjgt61v0cky | In the United States, there are various lengths of waiting times due to the different availabilities of organs in different UNOS regions. In other countries such as the UK, only medical factors and the position on the waiting list can affect who receives the organ. One of the more publicized cases of this type was the ... | Tissue transplant |
c_7qbr84pefpy9 | In most countries there is no charge for abstracting water directly from rivers, lakes and aquifers. However, some countries do levy volumetric charges or fees for water abstraction rights. These charges are typically levied on industries, utilities and farmers. Fees for water abstraction and discharge exist for exampl... | Water pricing |
c_mqf9t6uy4yvb | In Germany abstraction fees exist only for groundwater and only in some states, and their proceeds go into the general state budget. Mexico also charges for water abstraction and returns proceeds to utilities, but not to industries. Outside the OECD countries few countries charge water abstraction fees. | Water pricing |
c_dnbp6h4vxak0 | Where they are applied the level of fees tends to be nominal, such as in Morocco, or enforcement is partial, such as for groundwater abstraction fees in Jordan. In almost all countries that have introduced abstraction fees agriculture, the major water user worldwide, is exempted from abstraction fees. | Water pricing |
c_4fg9ssts0l45 | Some countries allow water rights to be traded, so that the price for water itself is formed in the market. Such water trading exist in parts of Australia, Chile and the Southwestern United States). == References == | Water pricing |
c_cy2fvoeprcjo | In most countries there is no government regulation of recreational diving and solo diving is at the discretion of the diver in publicly accessible waters. There are some exceptions: In the Republic of Maldives, recreational solo diving is illegal under any circumstances, as is recreational diving to depths greater tha... | Solo diving |
c_62t3strrjpfw | In most countries under the Commonwealth of Nations, as well as in the United States, the Philippines, Taiwan, the Netherlands, Indonesia, Italy, Colombia, Panama, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Bolivia, Peru, Brazil, Germany, Spain and France, the tradition of the single tenor drum is maintained by a few military bands, severa... | Tenor drum |
c_oneemh9utuj5 | For example, the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff (UAPB) Marching Musical Machine of the Mid-South's 2 Kold Krank tenor section uses the upright style single-head tenor drums while their rivals, The Alabama State University (ASU) Mighty Marching Hornets' TTB tenor section incorporates the knee single head tenor dru... | Tenor drum |
c_zi263ju6g159 | In most countries where horses are slaughtered for food, they are processed in a similar fashion to cattle, i.e., in large-scale factory slaughter houses (abattoirs) where they are stunned with a captive bolt gun and bled to death. In countries with a less industrialized food-production system, horses and other animals... | Horse meat |
c_5rl8wknf8ze0 | In 2010, Mexico produced 140,000 tonnes, China 126,000 tonnes, and Kazakhstan 114,000 tonnes. As horses are relatively poor converters of grass and grain to meat compared to cattle, in the western countries they are not usually bred or raised specifically for their meat. | Horse meat |
c_q7a0zxoqkwc3 | Instead, horses are slaughtered when their monetary value as riding or work animals is low, but their owners can still make money selling them for horse meat, for example in the routine export of the southern English ponies from the New Forest, Exmoor, and Dartmoor. British law requires the use of "equine passports" ev... | Horse meat |
c_6pzvm5ruwtmi | Even prestigious horses may end up in the slaughterhouse; the 1986 Kentucky Derby winner and 1987 Eclipse Award for Horse of the Year winner, Ferdinand, is believed to have been slaughtered in Japan, probably for pet food.A misconception exists that horses are commonly slaughtered for pet food. In many countries, such ... | Horse meat |
c_jwttxoxv6xc9 | Remains of euthanized animals can be rendered, which maintains the value of the skin, bones, fats, etc., for such purposes as fish food. This is commonly done for lab specimens (e.g., pigs) euthanized by injection. | Horse meat |
c_obrm169cn5o9 | The amount of drug (e.g. a barbiturate) is insignificant after rendering.Carcasses of horses treated with some drugs are considered edible in some jurisdictions. For example, according to Canadian regulation, hyaluron, used in treatment of particular disorders in horses, in HY-50 preparation, should not be administered... | Horse meat |
c_gltkb7irrt6x | In most countries where horses are slaughtered for food, they are processed in industrial abattoirs similarly to cattle. Typically, a penetrating captive bolt gun or gunshot is used to render the animal unconscious. The blow (or shot) is intended to kill the horse instantly or stun it, with exsanguination (bleeding out... | Horse slaughter |
c_lzm8f0x3gs78 | Saleable meat is removed from the carcass, with the remains rendered for other commercial uses. According to equine-welfare advocates, the physiology of the equine cranium is such that neither the penetrating captive bolt gun nor gunshots are reliable means of killing (or stunning) a horse; the animal may be only paral... | Horse slaughter |
c_y2vzsoiq556y | In most countries where sugarcane is cultivated, several foods and popular dishes are derived directly from it, such as: Raw sugarcane: chewed to extract the juice Sayur nganten: an Indonesian soup made with the stem of trubuk (Saccharum edule), a type of sugarcane Sugarcane juice: a combination of fresh juice, extract... | Cane syrup |
c_zo0cu72unhv3 | Falernum: a sweet, and slightly alcoholic drink made from sugarcane juice Cachaça: the most popular distilled alcoholic beverage in Brazil; it is a liquor made of the distillation of sugarcane juice. Rum is a liquor made from sugarcane products, typically molasses, but sometimes also cane juice. It is most commonly pro... | Cane syrup |
c_1gbf8e8bjcp1 | Basi is a fermented alcoholic beverage made from sugarcane juice produced in the Philippines and Guyana. Panela, solid pieces of sucrose and fructose obtained from the boiling and evaporation of sugarcane juice, is a food staple in Colombia and other countries in South and Central America. Rapadura is a sweet flour tha... | Cane syrup |
c_24bg7gboa4k1 | In most countries, 18 is the age of majority, in which a minor becomes a legal adult. It is also the voting age, marriageable age, drinking age and smoking age in most countries, though sometimes these ages are different than the age of majority. Many websites restrict adult content to visitors who claim to be aged ove... | 18 (number) |
c_ymzsdeuw7r0u | Minimum age to purchase firearms in thirty-eight states with the exception of handguns (21 under federal law). Marriageable age without parental consent except for Nebraska (19), Mississippi and Puerto Rico (21). The minimum age at which one can purchase, rent, or buy tickets to NC-17-rated films or buy video games wit... | 18 (number) |
c_c9i3smfhbc64 | In most countries, a bachelor's degree in engineering represents the first step towards professional certification and the degree program itself is certified by a professional body. After completing a certified degree program the engineer must satisfy a range of requirements (including work experience requirements) bef... | Electrical engineering |
c_meccwzkaeywv | For example, in the United States and Canada "only a licensed engineer may seal engineering work for public and private clients". This requirement is enforced by state and provincial legislation such as Quebec's Engineers Act. | Electrical engineering |
c_z0l65d9twm7l | In other countries, no such legislation exists. Practically all certifying bodies maintain a code of ethics that they expect all members to abide by or risk expulsion. In this way these organizations play an important role in maintaining ethical standards for the profession. | Electrical engineering |
c_96xvgyyvxjsv | Even in jurisdictions where certification has little or no legal bearing on work, engineers are subject to contract law. In cases where an engineer's work fails he or she may be subject to the tort of negligence and, in extreme cases, the charge of criminal negligence. An engineer's work must also comply with numerous ... | Electrical engineering |
c_2uts2eiz4fv0 | Professional bodies of note for electrical engineers include the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). The IEEE claims to produce 30% of the world's literature in electrical engineering, has over 360,000 members worldwide and holds over 3,000 c... | Electrical engineering |
c_0jptssg42jg0 | Obsolescence of technical skills is a serious concern for electrical engineers. Membership and participation in technical societies, regular reviews of periodicals in the field and a habit of continued learning are therefore essential to maintaining proficiency. An MIET(Member of the Institution of Engineering and Tech... | Electrical engineering |
c_5rscxe9kqzbq | In most countries, a bachelor's degree in engineering represents the first step towards professional certification, and a professional body certifies the degree program. After completing a certified degree program, the engineer must satisfy a range of requirements including work experience and exam requirements before ... | Civil engineering |
c_5dpbhkbkffrh | The benefits of certification vary depending upon location. For example, in the United States and Canada, "only a licensed professional engineer may prepare, sign and seal, and submit engineering plans and drawings to a public authority for approval, or seal engineering work for public and private clients." This requir... | Civil engineering |
c_z3tumplz6vk0 | No such legislation has been enacted in other countries including the United Kingdom. In Australia, state licensing of engineers is limited to the state of Queensland. Almost all certifying bodies maintain a code of ethics which all members must abide by.Engineers must obey contract law in their contractual relationshi... | Civil engineering |
c_pqb4cbtzi61o | In most countries, a civil engineer will have graduated from a post-secondary school with a degree in civil engineering, which requires a strong background in mathematics and the physical sciences; this degree is typically a bachelor's degree, though many civil engineers study further to obtain master's, engineer, doct... | Civil engineer |
c_xnuwoq9dtbte | In most countries, a marketing authorisation is valid for a period of 5 years. After this period, one should apply for renewal of the marketing authorisation, usually by providing minimal data proving that quality, efficacy and safety characteristics are maintained and the risk-benefit ratio of the medicinal product is... | Marketing authorisation |
c_vmfahvm6fd9x | Marketing authorisation may be withdrawn, suspended, revoked or varied by regulatory authorities if under normal conditions of use the benefit over risk ratio is no more favourable, the product is harmful, or if it lacks therapeutic efficacy; also, one of the above actions can be taken if the qualitative and quantitati... | Marketing authorisation |
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