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c_ec6agm9a4kux | In options trading, a vertical spread is an options strategy involving buying and selling of multiple options of the same underlying security, same expiration date, but at different strike prices. They can be created with either all calls or all puts. The term originates from the trading sheets that were used in the op... | Vertical spread |
c_a4r4nqvjh46b | In optoelectronics, an opto-electronic oscillator (OEO) is a circuit that produces a repetitive electronic sine wave and/or modulated optical continuous wave signals. An opto-electronic oscillator is based on converting the continuous light energy from a pump laser to radio frequency (RF), microwave or mm-wave signals.... | Opto-electronic oscillator |
c_iwvzikfmua0h | In optometry and ophthalmology, polarized glasses are used for various tests of binocular depth perception (i.e. stereopsis). | Polarized 3D glasses |
c_l5f6wtygup1m | In optometry, the least distance of distinct vision (LDDV) or the reference seeing distance (RSD) is the closest someone with "normal" vision (20/20 vision) can comfortably look at something. In other words, LDDV is the minimum comfortable distance between the naked human eye and a visible object. The magnifying power ... | Least distance of distinct vision |
c_rqubxwj3sflr | In or along the shores of Stavfjord, lie a number of inhabited settlements alongside a number of small islands, islets and skerries, including: Grimeli, a settlement on the South side of the fjord. Askrova, an island located on the North side of the fjord. Svanøy, an island located on the North side of the fjord. Trefo... | Stavfjord |
c_3b25rqomdmg2 | In or around 1665, when Isaac Newton (1643–1727) derived the motion of objects falling under gravity, the first clear formulation for mathematical physics of a treatment of time began: linear time, conceived as a universal clock. Absolute, true, and mathematical time, of itself, and from its own nature flows equably wi... | Time in physics |
c_1b0l4dubxax8 | In this section, the relationships listed below treat time as a parameter which serves as an index to the behavior of the physical system under consideration. Because Newton's fluents treat a linear flow of time (what he called mathematical time), time could be considered to be a linearly varying parameter, an abstract... | Time in physics |
c_y883n3wp6t9w | In or around 1990, a modified Tempo was used as a rolling testbed for a new powertrain configuration that Ford called "T-Drive". This system used transverse inline engines with the drive for the transmission taken off the center of the crankshaft, rather than the end.The test Tempo's original transverse straight four e... | Mercury Topaz |
c_j86xcjm7yjlu | In or before 1986, computer graphics company Omnibus created a digital animation for a Tide commercial with a Tide detergent bottle smoothly morphing into the shape of the United States. The effect was programmed by Bob Hoffman. Omnibus re-used the technique in the movie Flight of the Navigator (1986). It featured scen... | Morphing |
c_osak2t0tuw15 | The plaster cast of a model of the spaceship was scanned and digitally modified with techniques that included a reflection mapping technique that was also developed by programmer Bob Hoffman.The 1986 movie The Golden Child implemented early digital morphing effects from animal to human and back. Willow (1988) featured ... | Morphing |
c_85f5yjis4dq4 | Both effects were created by Industrial Light & Magic, using software developed by Tom Brigham and Doug Smythe (AMPAS).In 1991, morphing appeared notably in the Michael Jackson music video "Black or White" and in the movies Terminator 2: Judgment Day and Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country. The first application for... | Morphing |
c_m46j9hkzpcro | Other programs became widely available within a year, and for a time the effect became common to the point of cliché. For high-end use, Elastic Reality (based on MorphPlus) saw its first feature film use in In The Line of Fire (1993) and was used in Quantum Leap (work performed by the Post Group). | Morphing |
c_5wz66va07lia | At VisionArt Ted Fay used Elastic Reality to morph Odo for Star Trek: Deep Space Nine. The Snoop Dogg music video "Who Am I? (What's My Name? | Morphing |
c_8eo82f5sya0h | )", where Snoop Dogg and the others morph into dogs. Elastic Reality was later purchased by Avid, having already become the de facto system of choice, used in many hundreds of films. The technology behind Elastic Reality earned two Academy Awards in 1996 for Scientific and Technical Achievement going to Garth Dickie an... | Morphing |
c_9yruza387caq | The effect is technically called a "spatially warped cross-dissolve". The first social network designed for user-generated morph examples to be posted online was Galleries by Morpheus. In Taiwan, Aderans, a hair loss solutions provider, did a TV commercial featuring a morphing sequence in which people with lush, thick ... | Morphing |
c_yw73ymfwrzte | In oral candidiasis, simply inspecting the person's mouth for white patches and irritation may make the diagnosis. A sample of the infected area may also be taken to determine what organism is causing the infection.Symptoms of vaginal candidiasis are also present in the more common bacterial vaginosis; aerobic vaginiti... | Yeast infection |
c_70fenc6oclx4 | A single drop of 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution is then added to the specimen. The KOH dissolves the skin cells, but leaves the Candida cells intact, permitting visualization of pseudohyphae and budding yeast cells typical of many Candida species.For the culturing method, a sterile swab is rubbed on the infecte... | Yeast infection |
c_719uravzsr00 | The culture is incubated at 37 °C (98.6 °F) for several days, to allow development of yeast or bacterial colonies. The characteristics (such as morphology and colour) of the colonies may allow initial diagnosis of the organism causing disease symptoms. Respiratory, gastrointestinal, and esophageal candidiasis require a... | Yeast infection |
c_hdk9vnow5304 | In oral rehydration therapy, electrolyte drinks containing sodium and potassium salts replenish the body's water and electrolyte concentrations after dehydration caused by exercise, excessive alcohol consumption, diaphoresis (heavy sweating), diarrhea, vomiting, intoxication or starvation. Athletes exercising in extrem... | Dry electrolyte |
c_5ve8oiogj82f | In oral traditions, stories are kept alive by being told again and again. The material of any given story naturally undergoes several changes and adaptations during this process. When and where oral tradition was superseded by print media, the literary idea of the author as originator of a story's authoritative version... | Story telling |
c_0sdbw1e1wet7 | In orange juice, pulp is responsible for desirable flow properties, taste, flavor, and mouth feel. However, pulpy orange juice precipitates based on a rate dependent on the diameter, density, and viscosity of the suspended particles as well as the suspending juice. In order to remain suspended in orange juice, pulp par... | Orange juice |
c_w0a1noerrew9 | In orange-winged amazon parrots, a heritability estimate of 1.14 ± 0.27 was found for feather-plucking, indicating that a genetic basis exists. This study, however, only involved analysis of full siblings and a small number of birds, explaining the heritability value of greater than 1. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) ana... | Feather plucking |
c_8veaeypeo30c | In oratory, the toga came into its own. Quintilian's Institutio Oratoria (circa 95 AD) offers advice on how best to plead cases at Rome's law-courts, before the watching multitude's informed and critical eye. Effective pleading was a calculated artistic performance, but must seem utterly natural. First impressions coun... | Toga virilis |
c_mor82gcekh87 | He should be well groomed – but not too well; no primping of the hair, jewellery or any other "feminine" perversions of a Roman man's proper appearance. Quintilian gives precise instructions on the correct use of the toga – its cut, style, and the arrangements of its folds. Its fabric could be old-style rough wool, or ... | Toga virilis |
c_a3a81d7i7rga | The orator's movements should be dignified, and to the point; he should move only as he must, to address a particular person, a particular section of the audience. He should employ to good effect that subtle "language of the hands" for which Roman oratory was famed; no extravagant gestures, no wiggling of the shoulders... | Toga virilis |
c_eu1u65bulpln | In orbit around the orange subgiant star HD 177830 is one of the earliest exoplanets to be detected. A jovian-mass planet, it orbits in an eccentric orbit with a period of 390 days. A second planet closer to the star was discovered in 2011. Visible to the naked eye are HD 173416, a yellow giant hosting a planet over tw... | Lyra (constellation) |
c_l76kzp55pz97 | Just short of naked-eye visibility is HD 178911, a triple system consisting of a close binary and a visually separable sunlike star. The sunlike star has a planet with over 6 Jupiter masses discovered in 2001, the second found in a triple system after that of 16 Cygni.One of the most-studied exoplanets in the night sky... | Lyra (constellation) |
c_ua16wn7zx4si | Detected from a transit of its parent star, the planet has around 3/4 the mass of Jupiter, yet orbits its parent star in only three days. The transits have been reported to have anomalies multiple times. | Lyra (constellation) |
c_fu8wuls7i1sr | Originally thought to be possibly due to the presence of an Earth-like planet, it is now accepted that the irregularities are due to a large starspot. Also discovered by the transit method is WASP-3b, with 1.75 times the mass of Jupiter. At the time of its discovery, it was one of the hottest known exoplanets, in orbit... | Lyra (constellation) |
c_gftdnh3pxwi5 | Similar to TrES-1b, irregularities in the transits had left open the possibility of a second planet, although this now appears unlikely as well.Lyra is one of three constellations (along with neighboring Cygnus and Draco) to be in the Kepler Mission's field of view, and as such it contains many more known exoplanets th... | Lyra (constellation) |
c_2grtlqbj2v97 | The Kepler-20 system contains five known planets; three of them are only slightly smaller than Neptune, while the other two are some of the first Earth-sized exoplanets to be discovered. Kepler-37 is another star with an exoplanet discovered by Kepler; the planet is the smallest known extrasolar planet known as of Febr... | Lyra (constellation) |
c_96pgvuor9383 | In orbit, a spacecraft with one axis much longer than the other two will spontaneously orient so that its long axis points at the planet's center of mass. This system has the virtue of needing no active control system or expenditure of fuel. The effect is caused by a tidal force. The upper end of the vehicle feels less... | Earth sensor |
c_djgrd63pnaed | This provides a restoring torque whenever the long axis is not co-linear with the direction of gravity. Unless some means of damping is provided, the spacecraft will oscillate about the local vertical. Sometimes tethers are used to connect two parts of a satellite, to increase the stabilizing torque. A problem with suc... | Earth sensor |
c_o3ggfez6g4ff | In orbit, radiometric calibrations drift for reasons including solar degradation of the cavity, electronic degradation of the heater, surface degradation of the precision aperture and varying surface emissions and temperatures that alter thermal backgrounds. These calibrations require compensation to preserve consisten... | Solar incidence |
c_6z2ct6pazi1v | These effects are then compensated for in the final data. Observation overlaps permits corrections for both absolute offsets and validation of instrumental drifts.Uncertainties of individual observations exceed irradiance variability (~0.1%). | Solar incidence |
c_0081v48whziz | Thus, instrument stability and measurement continuity are relied upon to compute real variations. Long-term radiometer drifts can potentially be mistaken for irradiance variations which can be misinterpreted as affecting climate. Examples include the issue of the irradiance increase between cycle minima in 1986 and 199... | Solar incidence |
c_cdqsb4epqm6w | In orbital mechanics (a subfield of celestial mechanics), Gauss's method is used for preliminary orbit determination from at least three observations (more observations increases the accuracy of the determined orbit) of the orbiting body of interest at three different times. The required information are the times of ob... | Gauss's method |
c_d7r9tv081y1x | In orbital mechanics and aerospace engineering, a gravitational slingshot, gravity assist maneuver, or swing-by is the use of the relative movement and gravity of a planet or other celestial body to alter the path and speed of a spacecraft, typically in order to save propellant, time, and expense. Gravity assistance ca... | Impulsive maneuver |
c_nlmo5z0okku2 | In orbital mechanics, Kepler's equation relates various geometric properties of the orbit of a body subject to a central force. It was derived by Johannes Kepler in 1609 in Chapter 60 of his Astronomia nova, and in book V of his Epitome of Copernican Astronomy (1621) Kepler proposed an iterative solution to the equatio... | Kepler's Equation |
c_vnm4chwycqay | In orbital mechanics, a Lissajous orbit (pronounced ), named after Jules Antoine Lissajous, is a quasi-periodic orbital trajectory that an object can follow around a Lagrangian point of a three-body system with minimal propulsion. Lyapunov orbits around a Lagrangian point are curved paths that lie entirely in the plane... | Lissajous orbit |
c_92gesjx0bsxx | In practice, any orbits around Lagrangian points L1, L2, or L3 are dynamically unstable, meaning small departures from equilibrium grow over time. As a result, spacecraft in these Lagrangian point orbits must use their propulsion systems to perform orbital station-keeping. Although they are not perfectly stable, a mode... | Lissajous orbit |
c_yqob2900spqr | In the absence of other influences, orbits about Lagrangian points L4 and L5 are dynamically stable so long as the ratio of the masses of the two main objects is greater than about 25. The natural dynamics keep the spacecraft (or natural celestial body) in the vicinity of the Lagrangian point without use of a propulsio... | Lissajous orbit |
c_8fz27vi4o74q | In orbital mechanics, a circumlunar trajectory, trans-lunar trajectory or lunar free return is a type of free return trajectory which takes a spacecraft from Earth, around the far side of the Moon, and back to Earth using only gravity once the initial trajectory is set. | Circumlunar trajectory |
c_nur2u0gi8i7j | In orbital mechanics, a free-return trajectory is a trajectory of a spacecraft traveling away from a primary body (for example, the Earth) where gravity due to a secondary body (for example, the Moon) causes the spacecraft to return to the primary body without propulsion (hence the term free).Many free-return trajector... | Free return trajectory |
c_59aij181coir | In orbital mechanics, a frozen orbit is an orbit for an artificial satellite in which natural drifting due to the central body's shape has been minimized by careful selection of the orbital parameters. Typically, this is an orbit in which, over a long period of time, the satellite's altitude remains constant at the sam... | Frozen orbit |
c_3z2wni4jisiz | In orbital mechanics, a libration point orbit (LPO) is a quasiperiodic orbit around a Lagrange point. Libration is a form of orbital motion exhibited, for example, in the Earth–Moon system. Trojan bodies also exhibit libration dynamics. Two varieties of libration point orbits amenable to Lyapunov stability are halo orb... | Libration point orbit |
c_cvml4ilfs8cp | Because libration point orbits are quasiperiodic, the telescope must make frequent small burns to maintain proximity to the L2 point, as part of orbital station keeping, limiting the lifespan of the telescope due to depletion of fuel reserves. Early simulations of the JWST obtained a high confidence in achieving a ten-... | Libration point orbit |
c_k95rq69ifam2 | However thanks to a highly accurate launch, it is now thought the telescope could keep its station for upto twenty or even twenty-five years. Some years of intermittent service after that might also be tenable, because of the slow drift rate out of, or from towards, the Lagrange point. == References == | Libration point orbit |
c_j9o5zp9kvkq5 | In orbital mechanics, a porkchop plot (also pork-chop plot) is a chart that shows contours of equal characteristic energy (C3) against combinations of launch date and arrival date for a particular interplanetary flight. The chart shows the characteristic energy ranges in zones around the local minima, which resembles t... | Porkchop plot |
c_pisrnl5mpd2z | In orbital mechanics, a transfer orbit is an intermediate elliptical orbit that is used to move a spacecraft in an orbital maneuver from one circular, or largely circular, orbit to another. There are several types of transfer orbits, which vary in their energy efficiency and speed of transfer. These include: Hohmann tr... | Transfer orbit |
c_yhoxook67n2h | In orbital mechanics, low-thrust relative transfer is an orbital maneuver in which a chaser spacecraft covers a specific relative distance relative to the target spacecraft using continuous low-thrust system with specific impulse of the order of 4000-8000s. This is in contrast to conventional impulsive transfers in the... | Low thrust relative orbital transfer |
c_swk6uc672qrf | Low-thrust relative transfer uses the orbital relative motion equations which are the non-linear set of equations that describes the motion of the chaser spacecraft relative to the target in terms of displacements along the respective axis of the accelerated frame of reference fixed on the target spacecraft. In 1960, W... | Low thrust relative orbital transfer |
c_48gd4eomhggz | In orbital mechanics, mean motion (represented by n) is the angular speed required for a body to complete one orbit, assuming constant speed in a circular orbit which completes in the same time as the variable speed, elliptical orbit of the actual body. The concept applies equally well to a small body revolving about a... | Mean motion |
c_ur6jdjcegdfs | It is rather the instantaneous value which satisfies the above conditions as calculated from the current gravitational and geometric circumstances of the body's constantly-changing, perturbed orbit. Mean motion is used as an approximation of the actual orbital speed in making an initial calculation of the body's positi... | Mean motion |
c_9ez0m8c0dq8u | In orbital mechanics, the Hohmann transfer orbit is an elliptical orbit used to transfer between two circular orbits of different altitudes, in the same plane. The orbital maneuver to perform the Hohmann transfer uses two engine impulses which move a spacecraft onto and off the transfer orbit. This maneuver was named a... | Orbital maneuver |
c_9o8ma9jg626a | In orbital mechanics, the eccentric anomaly is an angular parameter that defines the position of a body that is moving along an elliptic Kepler orbit. The eccentric anomaly is one of three angular parameters ("anomalies") that define a position along an orbit, the other two being the true anomaly and the mean anomaly. | Eccentric anomaly |
c_yakvcy8gsoo1 | In orbital mechanics, the geostationary ring is the region of space around the Earth that includes geostationary orbits and the volume of space which can be reached by uncontrolled objects which begin in geostationary orbits and are subsequently perturbed. Objects in geostationary orbit can be perturbed by anomalies in... | Geostationary ring |
c_5apn5xeyaahn | The two parameters describing the direction of the orbit plane in space, the right ascension of the ascending node, and the inclination are affected by this precession. The maximum inclination reached during the 53-year cycle is about 15 degrees. Therefore, the definition of the geostationary ring foresees a declinatio... | Geostationary ring |
c_7uwwuur86s2b | In addition, solar radiation pressure induces an eccentricity that leads to a variation of the orbit radius by ± 75 kilometers in some cases. This leads to the definition of the geostationary ring as being a segment of space around the geostationary orbit that ranges from 75 km below GEO to 75 km above GEO and from -15... | Geostationary ring |
c_5y0c5d4el35m | In orbital mechanics, the universal variable formulation is a method used to solve the two-body Kepler problem. It is a generalized form of Kepler's Equation, extending them to apply not only to elliptic orbits, but also parabolic and hyperbolic orbits. It thus is applicable to many situations in the Solar System, wher... | Universal variable formulation |
c_cv11w6ndonoc | In orbital spaceflight, the beta angle ( β {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\beta }}} ) is the angle between a satellite's orbital plane around Earth and the geocentric position of the sun. The beta angle determines the percentage of time that a satellite in low Earth orbit (LEO) spends in direct sunlight, absorbing solar ... | Beta angle |
c_5gfmo1cufosy | In order be registered, a core must be fully defined. The input and output definitions allow the PIPE server to determine compatibility with other cores and modules. Any lack of definition is flagged by the PIPE server for incompatibility. | Problem Solving Environment |
c_o80ubd885eu3 | In order candidate for P after the current one c. valid (P, c): check whether candidate c is a solution for P. output (P, c): use the solution c of P as appropriate to the application.The next procedure must also tell when there are no more candidates for the instance P, after the current one c. A convenient way to do ... | Brute force search |
c_dp47ak0lpuuj | In order for Bob to find out which classical bits Alice sent he will perform the CNOT unitary operation, with A as control qubit and B as target qubit. Then, he will perform H ⊗ I {\displaystyle H\otimes I} unitary operation on the entangled qubit A. In other words, the Hadamard quantum gate H is only applied to A (see... | Quantum dense coding |
c_w00gfim2bbt8 | In order for IGMP, and thus IGMP snooping, to function, a multicast router must exist on the network and generate IGMP queries. Without a querier IGMP membership reporting may be incomplete and the tables associating member ports and multicast groups are potentially incomplete and snooping will not work reliably. Some ... | IGMP snooping |
c_zlxvfp7ca6uz | In order for IMO standards to be binding, they must first be ratified by a total number of member countries whose combined gross tonnage represents at least 50% of the world's gross tonnage, a process that can be lengthy. A system of tacit acceptance has therefore been put into place, whereby,if no objections are heard... | MARPOL 73/78 |
c_8a5s2iyn7isf | Each signatory nation is responsible for enacting domestic laws to implement the convention and effectively pledges to comply with the convention, annexes, and related laws of other nations. In the United States, for example, the relevant implementation legislation is the Act to Prevent Pollution from Ships. One of the... | MARPOL 73/78 |
c_p1ci8qw8h2cq | The country that the ship visits can conduct its own examination to verify a ship's compliance with international standards and can detain the ship if it finds significant noncompliance. When incidents occur outside such country's jurisdiction or jurisdiction cannot be determined, the country refers cases to flag state... | MARPOL 73/78 |
c_jt9zj7h3193n | This larger SECA zone will include the North Sea, Scandinavia, and parts of the English Channel. This area is set to include all of the Republic of Ireland's international waters in 2020 culminating in all of Western Europe's subjection to the MARPOL directive. This has proven controversial for shipping and ferry opera... | MARPOL 73/78 |
c_lyyxiauyhata | In order for IntServ to work, all routers along the traffic path must support it. Furthermore, many states must be stored in each router. As a result, IntServ works on a small-scale, but as the system scales up to larger networks or the Internet, it becomes resource intensive to track of all of the reservations.One way... | Integrated services |
c_wo6ani7tstdc | In order for KMS Fusion to achieve ICF, the following equipment was necessary: a mode-locked YAG oscillator, a CILAS vk640 laser, an 80-mm rod amplifier, seven 10-cm clear-aperture GE disk amplifier units, two aspheric mirrors, and two ellipsoidal lenses. A single 30 ps pulse started at the oscillator by a laser-driven... | KMS Fusion |
c_qlblk7msl7dp | These sub-beams, using the lenses and the mirrors, were directed onto the fuel pellet to provide energy. In order for the laser energy applied to the fuel pellet to be nearly uniform and orthogonal to the surface of the pellet, the pellet needed to be aligned perfectly. The pellet needed to be placed in the focus point... | KMS Fusion |
c_8f74lf91wgbq | This is achieved by “using a continuous wave YAG laser which is collinear with and is divergence-matched to main laser.” Once the KMS Fusion team had the correct setup, they used small longitudinal displacements to apply the laser energy uniformly. After KMS Fusion started using government contracts for funding, they p... | KMS Fusion |
c_7r103pppbnhk | In order for MABEL to be an independent runner and walker on rough terrain, the engineers used QNX real-time computing and DAQ environment in order to create feedback control. Feedback control constantly feeds in different inputs to the system based on the information from sensors. The controller measures the output va... | MABEL (robot) |
c_6yjwlszhw76t | This signal is than used to change the input values of the system accordingly. This method of feedback control makes thousands of adjustments each second in order to stabilize the robot. Because of this system, MABEL is able to not only correct itself, but also to react to inconsistencies in terrain. | MABEL (robot) |
c_k60moh0mklje | In order for Microsoft to provide developers with support for distributed transactions, resource pooling, disconnected applications, event publication and subscription, better memory and processor (thread) management, as well as to position Windows as an alternative to other enterprise-level operating systems, Microsof... | Component Object Model |
c_yq7m6fsknovr | In the first release of MTS, interception was tacked on - installing an MTS component would modify the Windows Registry to call the MTS software, and not the component directly. Windows 2000 also revised the Component Services control panel application used to configure COM+ components. An advantage of COM+ was that it... | Component Object Model |
c_dfvx84gmtpj4 | Instances of a component, if coded properly, could be pooled and reused by new calls to its initializing routine without unloading it from memory. Components could also be distributed (called from another machine). | Component Object Model |
c_yzdhtnfx07h6 | COM+ and Microsoft Visual Studio provided tools to make it easy to generate client-side proxies, so although DCOM was used to make the remote call, it was easy to do for developers. COM+ also introduced a subscriber/publisher event mechanism called COM+ Events, and provided a new way of leveraging MSMQ (a technology th... | Component Object Model |
c_8zfir5ukmyhu | In order for NCCLs to be treated effectively and to ensure longevity, the cause of the lesion should be deduced and this factor eliminated. Otherwise the treatment may be limited to only palliative care involving monitoring and efforts to minimise growth of the lesion. Primary indications for intervention in NCCLs incl... | Non-carious cervical lesions |
c_c5ru2nnggut0 | There may also be a requirement for treatment if the lesion affects the design of a partial denture.Treatment of NCCLs to relieve symptoms of dentine hypersensitivity involve either chemical or physical occlusion of the dentinal tubules.Direct resin composite restorations are used commonly in dentistry and are effectiv... | Non-carious cervical lesions |
c_ycsfy3y3dhjd | This makes composite resin the treatment option of choice in the case of NCCLs as the lesions offer minimal retention or resistance form naturally and would require further tissue removal for this to be achieved. Choosing resin composite to treat NCCLs protects the teeth from further loss of healthy tooth structure.NCC... | Non-carious cervical lesions |
c_8f4v3lcql22f | This has led to discussions around tooth surface treatments of NCCLs prior to the restoration being placed. Surface irrigation with EDTA works to remove the smear layer from the cavity to allow bonding of the restoration. Studies have shown that application of the adhesive with a frictional technique has also increased... | Non-carious cervical lesions |
c_jhmv5quqii9s | In order for Oscar I to avoid damages in hostile environment, it must not only be able to respond to its pain sensors but also predict what is likely to happen based on its generalization of its pain sensor activations. Therefore, a "pain sensor sensor" was built to sense its pain sensors, thus giving it a rudimentary ... | The Fable of Oscar |
c_qmykkt0aq0ld | In order for R1-R2 to reductively eliminate, these groups must occupy mutually cis coordination sites. Any trans-adducts must therefore isomerize to the cis intermediate or the coupling will be frustrated. A variety of mechanisms exist for reductive elimination and these are usually considered to be concerted.First, th... | Stille cross coupling |
c_a3ro377re71m | The previous process, however, is sometimes slow and can be greatly accelerated by dissociation of a ligand to yield a 14-electron T shaped intermediate. This intermediate can then rearrange to form a Y-shaped adduct, which can undergo faster reductive elimination. Finally, an extra ligand can associate to the palladiu... | Stille cross coupling |
c_djalfyraofa4 | The geometry of this intermediate makes it similar to the Y-shaped above. The presence of bulky ligands can also increase the rate of elimination. Ligands such as phosphines with large bite angles cause steric repulsion between L and R1 and R2, resulting in the angle between L and the R groups to increase and the angle... | Stille cross coupling |
c_qr5q6jroctkc | In order for TFO motifs to bind in a parallel fashion and create hydrogen bonds, the nitrogen atom at position 3 on the cytosine residue needs to be protonated, but at physiological pH levels it is not, which could prevent parallel binding.Another limitation is that TFOs can only bind to purine-rich target strands and ... | Therapeutic gene modulation |
c_vhisxxj2r5fa | An approach to overcome this limitation is to develop TFOs with modified nucleotides that act as locked nucleic acids to increase the affinity of the TFO for specific target sequences.Other limitations include concerns regarding binding affinity and specificity, in vivo stability, and uptake into cells. Researchers are... | Therapeutic gene modulation |
c_0j2qp8au4z5h | In order for UAM aircraft to be most efficient, recharging and refueling must be done as quickly as possible, whether that is swapping batteries, fast recharging batteries, or hydrogen refueling. | Urban Air Mobility |
c_l27hofmfthgx | In order for WPAD to work, a few requirements have to be met: In order to use DHCP, the server must be configured to serve up the "site-local" option 252 ("auto-proxy-config") with a string value of e.g. http://example.com/wpad.dat where "example.com" is the address of a Web server. In order to use the DNS only method,... | Web Proxy Auto-Discovery Protocol |
c_1k7it33lr63e | If the DNS method is used, a file named wpad.dat must be located in the WPAD Web site's root directory. The PAC files are discussed in the Proxy auto-config article. Use caution when configuring a WPAD server in a virtual hosting environment. | Web Proxy Auto-Discovery Protocol |
c_twskasyskio1 | When automatic proxy detection is used, WinHTTP and WinINET in Internet Explorer 6 and earlier send a "Host: " header and IE7+ and Firefox sends a "Host: wpad" header. Therefore, it is recommended that the wpad.dat file be hosted under the default virtual host rather than its own. Internet Explorer version 6.0.2900.218... | Web Proxy Auto-Discovery Protocol |
c_a5m057k877n3 | In order for XRCC4 to be sequestered from the cytoplasm to the nucleus to repair a DSB during NHEJ or to complete V(D)J recombination, post-translational modification at lysine 210 with a small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO), or sumoylation, is required. SUMO modification of diverse types of DNA repair proteins can ... | DNA repair protein XRCC4 |
c_b5ju0f824hiu | In the case of the XRCC4 protein, the consensus sequence surrounding lysine 210 is IKQE. Chinese hamster ovary cells, CHO, that express the mutated form of XRCC4 at K210 cannot be modified with SUMO, fail recruitment to the nucleus and instead accumulate in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, these cells are radiation sensitiv... | DNA repair protein XRCC4 |
c_uh0cjjisxp5o | In order for a CDSS to offer value, it must demonstrably improve clinical workflow or outcome. Evaluation of CDSS quantifies its value to improve a system's quality and measure its effectiveness. Because different CDSSs serve different purposes, no generic metric applies to all such systems; however, attributes such as... | Clinical decision support system |
c_kc6cx7uhyomp | In order for a TVS Y to have the extension property, it must be complete (since it must be possible to extend the identity map 1: Y → Y {\displaystyle \mathbf {1} :Y\to Y} from Y to the completion Z of Y; that is, to the map Z → Y). | Vector-valued Hahn–Banach theorems |
c_npozqcy7y3md | In order for a bike to turn, that is, change its direction of forward travel, the front wheel must aim approximately in the desired direction, as with any front-wheel steered vehicle. Friction between the wheels and the ground then generates the centripetal acceleration necessary to alter the course from straight ahead... | Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics |
c_t2zenoldekh7 | is the wheelbase, δ {\displaystyle \delta \,\!} is the steer angle, and ϕ {\displaystyle \phi \,\!} is the caster angle of the steering axis. | Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics |
c_ejuh06rqo91t | In order for a cell to be transformed by a virus, the viral DNA must be entered into the host cell. The simplest consideration is viral transformation of a bacterial cell. This process is called lysogeny. | Viral transformation |
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