id stringlengths 14 14 | text stringlengths 9 3.55k | source stringlengths 1 250 |
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c_mk87mu5s2e5k | In order for a user agent to be reachable through the public interfaces of an SBC, the SBC will manipulate the registration information of the user agent. The user includes its private IP address as its contact information in the REGISTER requests. Calls to this address will fail, since it is not publicly routable. The... | NAT traversal with session border controllers |
c_b6e0pyacdbws | This is the information that is then registered at the registrar. Calls destined to the user will then be directed to the SBC. In order for the SBC to know which user agent is actually being contacted the SBC can keep a local copy of the user agent's registration. | NAT traversal with session border controllers |
c_dfwfrxhhqivy | The local copy includes the private IP address and the user's SIP URI as well as the public IP address included in the IP header that was assigned to the SIP message by the NAT. Alternatively the SBC can store this information in the forwarded SIP messages. This is displayed in the figure here. | NAT traversal with session border controllers |
c_9x3obenmmcdo | The user's contact information is combined in a special format and added as an additional parameter to the contact header. The contact information include the user's private IP address and SIP URI as well as the public IP address in the IP header of the SIP message. When the registrar receives a request for the user, t... | NAT traversal with session border controllers |
c_xyhjjuoyk9qo | The SBC can then retrieve this information from the SIP request and use it to properly route the request to the user. Adding the user agent's contact information to the registered contact information has many advantages. As the SBC does not have to keep local registration information this solution is simple to implemen... | NAT traversal with session border controllers |
c_j4dc6lomuxfy | Further, requests destined to the user agent do not necessarily have to traverse the SBC that has processed the user agent's registration messages. Any SBC that can reach the user agent can correctly route messages destined to the user agent based on the information included in the SIP request. This advantage applies, ... | NAT traversal with session border controllers |
c_2opuzdj2jk7k | In case the NAT used in front of the user agent accepts traffic only from the IP addresses which the user agent has contacted previously then only the SBC that has processed the user agent's REGISTER requests will be able to contact the user agent. The other option is to keep a local copy of the registration informatio... | NAT traversal with session border controllers |
c_egl9d4ywsfw9 | Beside the memory requirements the SBC will have to replicate this information to a backup system if it is to be highly available. This will further increase the processing requirements on the SBC and increase the bandwidth consumption. | NAT traversal with session border controllers |
c_ejinvlo8e9at | However, keeping a local copy of the registration information has its advantages as well. When receiving a message from a user agent a network address translator binds the private IP address of the user agent to a public IP address. This binding will remain active for a period of time –binding period. | NAT traversal with session border controllers |
c_2q6wzlgp0eoz | In case the user agent does not send or receive any messages for a period of time longer than the binding period then the NAT will delete the binding and the user agent will no longer be reachable from the outside. To keep the binding active, the user agent will have to regularly refresh it. This is achieved by sending... | NAT traversal with session border controllers |
c_md73l4uz0k0e | As REGISTER messages have to be usually authenticated, having to deal with REGISTER messages sent at a high frequency would impose a high performance hit on the operator's infrastructure. SBCs can help to offload this load. When a user agent sends the first REGISTER request, the SBC forwards the REGISTER request to the... | NAT traversal with session border controllers |
c_b3jhkpegzvty | Once the registration was successfully authenticated and accepted by the operator, the SBC will keep a local copy of the registration information. Instead of forwarding each incoming REGIETER request to the operator's registration servers, the SBC will only send REGISTER requests to the registration servers at rather l... | NAT traversal with session border controllers |
c_e9gujv7qemgb | In order for a vibrational mode in a sample to be "IR active", it must be associated with changes in the molecular dipole moment. A permanent dipole is not necessary, as the rule requires only a change in dipole moment. A molecule can vibrate in many ways, and each way is called a vibrational mode. | Infrared spectrophotometry |
c_4kzpfc6el3bs | For molecules with N number of atoms, geometrically linear molecules have 3N – 5 degrees of vibrational modes, whereas nonlinear molecules have 3N – 6 degrees of vibrational modes (also called vibrational degrees of freedom). As examples linear carbon dioxide (CO2) has 3 × 3 – 5 = 4, while non-linear water (H2O), has o... | Infrared spectrophotometry |
c_6fni90u9xbyd | If the molecule is symmetrical, e.g. N2, the band is not observed in the IR spectrum, but only in the Raman spectrum. Asymmetrical diatomic molecules, e.g. carbon monoxide (CO), absorb in the IR spectrum. More complex molecules have many bonds, and their vibrational spectra are correspondingly more complex, i.e. big mo... | Infrared spectrophotometry |
c_lz7exwogvdmu | The atoms in a CH2X2 group, commonly found in organic compounds and where X can represent any other atom, can vibrate in nine different ways. Six of these vibrations involve only the CH2 portion: two stretching modes (ν): symmetric (νs) and antisymmetric (νas); and four bending modes: scissoring (δ), rocking (ρ), waggi... | Infrared spectrophotometry |
c_c7n9rlked8cx | For example, in water, the rocking, wagging, and twisting modes do not exist because these types of motions of the H atoms represent simple rotation of the whole molecule rather than vibrations within it. In case of more complex molecules, out-of-plane (γ) vibrational modes can be also present. These figures do not rep... | Infrared spectrophotometry |
c_wcy8by51dzvv | The simplest and most important or fundamental IR bands arise from the excitations of normal modes, the simplest distortions of the molecule, from the ground state with vibrational quantum number v = 0 to the first excited state with vibrational quantum number v = 1. In some cases, overtone bands are observed. An overt... | Infrared spectrophotometry |
c_grj7shzh6ci1 | Such a band appears at approximately twice the energy of the fundamental band for the same normal mode. Some excitations, so-called combination modes, involve simultaneous excitation of more than one normal mode. The phenomenon of Fermi resonance can arise when two modes are similar in energy; Fermi resonance results i... | Infrared spectrophotometry |
c_3npphnjv1puc | In order for a virus to infect a plant, it must be able to move between cells so it can spread throughout the plant. Plant cell walls make this moving/spreading quite difficult and therefore, for this to occur, movement proteins must be present. A movement protein (MP) is a specific virus-encoded protein that is consid... | Movement protein |
c_reo8cn99ht18 | They allow for local and systemic viral spread throughout a plant. MPs were first studied in the Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) where it was found that viruses were unable to spread without the presence of a specific protein. In general, the plant viruses first, move within the cell from replication sites to the plasmodesm... | Movement protein |
c_ytqsi6s0grem | Then, the virus is able to go through the PD and spread to other cells. This process is controlled through MPs. Different MPs use different mechanisms and pathways to regulate this spread of some viruses. Nearly all plants express at least one MP, while some can encode many different MPs which help with cell to cell vi... | Movement protein |
c_rd6kio6g0if8 | In order for a writer to become familiar with some of the constraints of the discourse community they are writing for, across most discourses communities, writers will: Identify the novelty of their position Make a claim, or thesis Acknowledge prior work and situate their claim in a disciplinary context Offer warrants ... | Academic writing |
c_ydf7c63ugq09 | In order for aggression to occur, male flies produce sounds to communicate their intent. A 2017 study found that songs promoting aggression contain pulses occurring at longer intervals. RNA sequencing from fly mutants displaying over-aggressive behaviors found more than 50 auditory-related genes (important for transien... | Common fruit fly |
c_hpv2rxtgwsx3 | In order for all browsers in an organization to be supplied the same proxy policy, without configuring each browser manually, both the below technologies are required: Proxy auto-config (PAC) standard: create and publish one central proxy configuration file. Details are discussed in a separate article. Web Proxy Auto-D... | Web Proxy Auto-Discovery Protocol |
c_xecp09pikie0 | This is the topic of this article.The WPAD standard defines two alternative methods the system administrator can use to publish the location of the proxy configuration file, using the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) or the Domain Name System (DNS): Before fetching its first page, a web browser implementing t... | Web Proxy Auto-Discovery Protocol |
c_k5stnwlhqpu1 | In order for all parties to agree to a certain software standard that they all should use to make their software connect with each other, there are software standards organizations like W3C and ISOC that consist of groups of larger software companies like Microsoft and Apple Inc. Representatives of these companies cont... | Software standard |
c_lw12qcm9j4hw | In order for an AMoD service to start making the difference in terms of congestion and pollution mitigation and safety, it needs to be adopted in large-scale. Before a large number of people can start preferring such kind of system to their private cars, it is necessary to optimize AMoD fleets and infrastructures produ... | Autonomous mobility on demand |
c_uwu32x466ci3 | In order for an antimicrobial polymer to be a viable option for large-scale distribution and use there are several basic requirements that must be first fulfilled: The synthesis of the polymer should be easy and relatively inexpensive. To be produced on an industrial scale the synthetic route should ideally utilize tec... | Antimicrobial polymer |
c_xz5e8qkr5k67 | It should be able to be stored at the temperature for which it is intended for use. If the polymer is to be used for the disinfection of water, then it should be insoluble in water to prevent toxicity issues (as is the case with some current small molecule antimicrobial agents). The polymer should not decompose during ... | Antimicrobial polymer |
c_jhc9h9gbdbdu | The polymer should not be toxic or irritating to those during handling. Antimicrobial activity should be able to be regenerated upon loss of activity. Antimicrobial polymers should be biocidal to a broad range of pathogenic microorganisms in brief times of contact. | Antimicrobial polymer |
c_cpqlcvot1plf | In order for an attacker to make a client believe it received a valid message from a certain CGA that isn't owned by the attacker, the attacker must find a hash collision for the relevant bits of Hash1 and Hash2 by performing a brute-force attack. If the attacker finds a set of CGA Parameters (including a public key fo... | Cryptographically Generated Address |
c_kzhxntmj9u2t | A larger value of Sec, however, increases this cost by a factor of 2 16 × S e c {\displaystyle 2^{16\times Sec}} to O ( 2 59 + 16 × S e c ) {\displaystyle O(2^{59+16\times Sec})} because the first 16 times Sec bits of Hash2 then become relevant (i.e. it implements a hash extension by demanding those bits to be equal to... | Cryptographically Generated Address |
c_fd8ca56lp2bb | This would namely yield a different CGA from the target CGA since at least one of the three leftmost bits of the interface identifier would not match. If the target Sec value is written to the interface identifier anyway, then Hash2 will (almost certainly) be found to lack the required amount of leftmost 0-bits during ... | Cryptographically Generated Address |
c_8gofo0oi2j4w | During the CGA generation process, it is very unlikely that three address collisions occur. If a duplicate address would be detected for the third time, then this would most likely be due to a configuration or implementation error or a denial-of-service attack. | Cryptographically Generated Address |
c_xeprz2vxt9av | For this reason, the number of valid values for collCount is limited to the range from 0 to 2. This parameter must be verified to be in this range during the CGA verification process in order to prevent an attacker from exploiting it and trying all different values without the need to perform another brute-force search... | Cryptographically Generated Address |
c_lfya6jkasxg9 | In order for an electrostatic discharge to occur, two preconditions are necessary: first, a sufficiently high potential difference between two regions of space must exist, and second, a high-resistance medium must obstruct the free, unimpeded equalization of the opposite charges. The atmosphere provides the electrical ... | Lightning |
c_v2zj1q97st34 | In order for an experience to be considered 'immersive', it needs to incorporate multiple characteristics that help generate the altered illusionary experience. Audio Sight Touch Multimedia Multi-format | Immersive design |
c_524pen7pjqa9 | In order for an immunocontraceptive to be palatable for human use, it would need to meet or exceed the efficacy rates of currently popular forms of contraception. Currently the maximum reduction of fertility due to sperm vaccines in laboratory experiments with mice is ~75%. The lack of efficacy is due to variability of... | Immunocontraception |
c_8jp4uj61wp4z | In the Eppin trial that attained 100% infertility, a small sample size (only 9 monkeys) was used, and even among this small sample 2 monkeys were dropped from the study because they failed to produce sufficiently high antibody titers.This trend—high efficacy when antibody titers are above a threshold coupled with varia... | Immunocontraception |
c_28e96zx8ec81 | In order for an incremental encoder interface to track and report absolute position, the encoder counts must be correlated to a reference position in the mechanical system to which the encoder is attached. This is commonly done by homing the system, which consists of moving the mechanical system (and encoder) until it ... | Quadrature decoder |
c_utnwro7ccx8q | In some rotating mechanical systems (e.g. rotating radar antennas), the "position" of interest is the rotational angle relative to a reference orientation. These typically employ a rotary incremental encoder that has an index (or Z) output signal. | Quadrature decoder |
c_jtvgvs0ivf9v | The index signal is asserted when the shaft is in its reference orientation, which causes the encoder interface to jam the reference angle into its position counter. Some incremental encoder applications lack reference position detectors and therefore must implement homing by other means. For example a computer, when u... | Quadrature decoder |
c_tb9gaakox2g8 | In order for an individual or group to receive occupational therapy services they must first be referred by themselves, another health care provider, or through their support system (family, friends) to receive an occupational therapy evaluation. As part of the service delivery process, the evaluation consists of the i... | Occupational therapist |
c_xfdo7s3hkby4 | As part of the occupational profile, an occupational therapist also seeks to identify physical and social supports and barriers to participation. Occupational therapists often gather additional information by communicating with the client's support system, which may include a child's parents/guardians, a student's teac... | Occupational therapist |
c_9kq2vh0l8n66 | Occupational therapist utilize skilled observation simultaneously with evaluation of motor and process skills and the effect on the ability of an individual to perform complex or instrumental and personal activities of daily living (ADLs). Occupational therapists are trained in the administration of standardized assess... | Occupational therapist |
c_jeviqm59488g | Data is collected and recorded throughout the treatment process to be utilized to assess progress and guide ongoing client-centered intervention. This data is also frequently utilized for reimbursement of services. At the conclusion of therapy services, an occupational therapist will complete an outcome assessment whic... | Occupational therapist |
c_ynsu0prytcu0 | Occupational therapists can provide recommendations for building design to allow for access for all. Occupational therapists are also skilled at completing home safety assessments and altering the environment or providing accommodations for ways to complete occupations in the home for increased safety of clients. Occup... | Occupational therapist |
c_wk1xrqugtgxq | In order for an injury to be healed by regeneration, the cell type that was destroyed must be able to replicate. Cells also need a collagen framework along which to grow. Alongside most cells there is either a basement membrane or a collagenous network made by fibroblasts that will guide the cells' growth. Since ischae... | Healing |
c_uh54ggzaslye | In order for an operating system to know when to prompt the user for authorization, an application or action needs to identify itself as requiring elevated privileges. While it is technically possible for the user to be prompted at the exact moment that an operation requiring such privileges is executed, it is often no... | Comparison of privilege authorization features |
c_zigtw3g0ad6v | Different operating systems offer distinct methods for applications to identify their security requirements: sudo centralizes all privilege authorization information in a single configuration file, /etc/sudoers, which contains a list of users and the privileged applications and actions that those users are permitted to... | Comparison of privilege authorization features |
c_90nfdnt5i6ux | For example, a user can be granted access to change anybody's password except for the root account, as follows: pete ALL = /usr/bin/passwd *, !/usr/bin/passwd root User Account Control uses a combination of heuristic scanning and "application manifests" to determine if an application requires administrator privileges. ... | Comparison of privilege authorization features |
c_j14ho4u8fzxr | For example, this XML fragment will indicate that the application will require administrator access, but will not require unfettered access to other parts of the user desktop outside the application: Manifest files can also be compiled into the application executable itself as an embedded resource. Heuristic scanning i... | Comparison of privilege authorization features |
c_fvi19ia5w5hh | In order for an organization to fulfill its mission and goals, it is important that all staff be provided with the necessary support and training opportunities to enable them to undertake their roles to the highest standard. The plan will provide training and educational opportunities for professional and personal deve... | Strategic technology plan |
c_6qy6k7hvkllx | In order for an “emission free” power plant to have a net negative impact on the greenhouse gas emissions of the energy supply it must produce enough emission-less electricity to offset both greenhouse gas emissions that it is directly responsible for (e.g. from concrete used to construct a nuclear power plant) and to ... | Energy Cannibalism |
c_h1xgqk6dimbc | In order for animals to have the ability to walk upright, there are certain anatomical requirements. For mammals that exhibit orthograde posture, the scapula is more dorsally placed than in animals with a pronograde posture. The scapular index, the measure of width to length of the scapula, is decreased in animals exhi... | Orthograde posture |
c_toyh9z2kg9co | In order for any concept to have meaning, it must be related to sense perception. The 12 categories, or a priori concepts, are related to phenomenal appearances through schemata. Each category has a schema. It is a connection through time between the category, which is an a priori concept of the understanding, and a ph... | Transcendental Aesthetic |
c_34ccj220v01j | These schemata are needed to link the pure category to sensed phenomenal appearances because the categories are, as Kant says, heterogeneous with sense intuition. Categories and sensed phenomena, however, do share one characteristic: time. Succession is the form of sense impressions and also of the Category of causalit... | Transcendental Aesthetic |
c_pymkwg214s77 | In order for any potential AI health and safety application to be adopted, it requires acceptance by both managers and workers. For example, worker acceptance may be diminished by concerns about information privacy, or from a lack of trust and acceptance of the new technology, which may arise from inadequate transparen... | Workplace impact of artificial intelligence |
c_c03ahd322qlb | In order for any transformation to take place, the microstructure of the metal must be austenite structure. The exact boundaries of the austenite phase region depend on the chemistry of the alloy being heat treated. However, austenitizing temperatures are typically between 790 and 915°C (1455 to 1680°F). The amount of ... | Austempering |
c_1taecvywj3hh | The best results are achieved when austenitization is long enough to produce a fully austenitic metal microstructure (there will still be graphite present in cast irons) with a consistent carbon content. In steels this may take only a few minutes after the austenitizing temperature has been reached throughout the part ... | Austempering |
c_7582qn1qg217 | This is because carbon must diffuse out of the graphite until it has reached the equilibrium concentration dictated by the temperature and the phase diagram. This step may be done in many types of furnaces, in a high-temperature salt bath, or via direct flame or induction heating. Numerous patents describe specific met... | Austempering |
c_qggrz1lvm1vu | In order for apostatic selection to occur, and for the rare morph to have an advantage, a variety of criteria need to be met. First, there needs to be polymorphism present. In addition, the prey cannot be present in equal proportions, since then there would not be a benefit to being able to detect either one. | Apostatic selection |
c_3wdq7wkfydsw | This is related to frequency-dependent predation, where as the predator obtains the greatest advantage from having a search image for the most common type of prey. This causes the most common form of the prey to be the most vulnerable. Changes in prey detection by predators do occur, but the speed in which they occur a... | Apostatic selection |
c_4or0dec5ni8l | If the frequency of the different prey types continuously changes, the predator may not be able to change its behavior at a rate that will provide an advantage. In these situations, the predators who are able to change their search image rapidly or have a flexible search image are able to survive. In relation to aposta... | Apostatic selection |
c_u9vi7u1252md | However, rapid changes in polymorphism frequencies can also be an advantage to the prey with the rare morph. Since long periods of time are generally required for natural selection to act on predators, the degree of flexibility in their search image may not be able to be changed over a short time frame. Therefore, quic... | Apostatic selection |
c_67tammewavfw | In order for aquaponic systems to be financially successful and make a profit whilst also covering its operating expenses, the hydroponic plant components and fish rearing components need to almost constantly be at maximum production capacity. To keep the bio-mass of fish in the system at its maximum (without limiting ... | Aquaponics |
c_zgk1m2a4hd5c | Stock splitting: Large quantities of fingerlings are stocked at once and then split into two groups once the tank hits maximum capacity, which is easier to record and eliminates fish being "forgotten". A stress-free way of doing this operation is via "swimways" that connect various rearing tanks and a series of hatches... | Aquaponics |
c_vpoejyip8mlb | In order for asymmetric division to take place the mother cell must be polarized, and the mitotic spindle must be aligned with the axis of polarity. The cell biology of these events has been most studied in three animal models: the mouse, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. A... | Asymmetric cell division |
c_cz53xm25kn5x | In order for ballistic protection to be wearable, the ballistic panels and/or hard rifle-resistant plates are placed within a carrier. The term "plate carrier" is used specifically to refer to armour carriers which can hold ballistic plates. Broadly, there are two major types of carriers: overt carriers, and low-profil... | Ballistic vest |
c_5ndeegtbppqj | In order for cells to intercalate between one another the adherens junctions that maintain the integrity of the epithelial tissue must be dynamically remodeled. Time-lapse microscopy has captured this process of cell neighbor exchange, which is schematically represented to the right. In the type 1 configuration, two ce... | Germ-band extension |
c_heb30lj58c4f | Upon resolution of the type 2 junction, a new type 3 junctions forms perpendicular to the original type 1 configuration. During this process the two dorsal-ventral cells have become neighbors. | Germ-band extension |
c_3ky9fydun0nw | When multiple clusters of cells intercalate in the dorsal-ventral axis, through junctional neighbor exchange, the outcome is an extension of germ-band in the anterior-posterior axis. In addition to the simple neighbor exchange, higher-ordered rosette formations have been observed in which five or more cells meet at a v... | Germ-band extension |
c_juf2davxb7uc | In order for cells to start dividing uncontrollably, genes that regulate cell growth must be dysregulated. Proto-oncogenes are genes that promote cell growth and mitosis, whereas tumor suppressor genes discourage cell growth, or temporarily halt cell division to carry out DNA repair. Typically, a series of several muta... | Carcinogenesis |
c_v2ybwpd59igr | This concept is sometimes termed "oncoevolution." Mutations to these genes provide the signals for tumor cells to start dividing uncontrollably. But the uncontrolled cell division that characterizes cancer also requires that the dividing cell duplicates all its cellular components to create two daughter cells. The acti... | Carcinogenesis |
c_47d9krexph7x | In order for certification to remain current, a member must undertake a proficiency test once per 3-year period after certification as well as complete 40 hours of continuing training in computer forensics or a related field. Additionally, the member must conduct as a minimum an average of 1 forensic examination per ye... | Certified forensic computer examiner |
c_dek302ze9slu | In order for civil aviation to expand, airports, close to major towns and cities and ancillary support such as weather forecasting and wireless telegraphy would be crucial. This idea was first laid out by Frank Pick in his dissenting memorandum in the 1918 Report of the Civil Aerial Transport Committee. The Air Ministr... | Aerospace industry in the United Kingdom |
c_w1cssonewe6f | However, the post was downgraded and in April 1922 he resigned. Sir Sefton Brancker took over and he too understood that airports would be a key to the development of civil aviation and enthusiastically lobbied and encouraged provincial towns and cities to organise the planning. Brancker's campaign could claim its firs... | Aerospace industry in the United Kingdom |
c_brmrl4n1xs3g | Manchester, Bristol and Plymouth followed suit in 1930.Sir Sefton Brancker died in the R101 crash in 1930 and his successor, Francis Shelmerdine, was not so enthusiastic and cited financial difficulties as one of the reasons for the slowdown in the impetus.Nonetheless by1939, in England and Wales a total of 38 municipa... | Aerospace industry in the United Kingdom |
c_jwn5udpkscdw | His report in 1937 came closest in its reasoning to a national master-plan, with its proposed 'system of airports', linked to a planned pattern of regulated internal services.The failure in the early 1920s to establish the network of 'key aerodromes', or even a barely adequate aviation infrastructure in comparison to t... | Aerospace industry in the United Kingdom |
c_jqbvsawymlr4 | In order for collaborations to be relatively successful, the companies involved are expected to spend a significant amount of time and resources in discussing labor market issues and the ways in which these issues should be addressed in the partnership. In addition, they have to weigh the costs and benefits, and recogn... | Workforce development |
c_7ou65y3egj34 | Considering there are no short term incentives to reward this front load effort required from companies engaging in collaboration, the motivation to do so is weak. To combat these high initial upfront costs, some organizations with complementary interests collaborate with each other to form "clusters". With a common go... | Workforce development |
c_5f91e4n2tx9t | In order for comic strip and graphic novel dialogue to make sense, it has to be read in order. Thus, conventions have evolved in the order in which the communication bubbles are read. The individual bubbles are read in the order of the language. | Speech bubble |
c_8mpoxcbrga55 | For example, in English, the bubbles are read from left to right in a panel, while in Japanese, it is the other way around. Sometimes the bubbles are "stacked", with two characters having multiple bubbles, one above the other. Such stacks are read from the top down. | Speech bubble |
c_50sk31x4700f | In order for consistency in data to be maintained and to attain scalable processor systems where every processor has its own memory, the processor consistency model was derived. All processors need to be consistent in the order in which they see writes done by one processor and in the way they see writes by different p... | Memory consistency |
c_4sqfk834xxoe | A read from one such memory can happen before the write to this memory completes. Therefore, the data read can be stale. Thus, a processor under PC can execute a younger load when an older store needs to be stalled. | Memory consistency |
c_7oxsxw16v0bu | Read before write, read after read and write before write ordering is still preserved in this model. The processor consistency model is similar to the PRAM consistency model with a stronger condition that defines all writes to the same memory location must be seen in the same sequential order by all other processes. Pr... | Memory consistency |
c_cu6bkopiju3l | The Stanford DASH multiprocessor system implements a variation of processor consistency which is incomparable (neither weaker nor stronger) to Goodman's definitions. All processors need to be consistent in the order in which they see writes by one processor and in the way they see writes by different processors to the ... | Memory consistency |
c_gzausy48h4dj | In order for convolution to be used to calculate a broad-beam response, a system must be time invariant, linear, and translation invariant. Time invariance implies that a photon beam delayed by a given time produces a response shifted by the same delay. Linearity indicates that a given response will increase by the sam... | Convolution for optical broad-beam responses in scattering media |
c_ga36oz0v2exq | Here, only spatial convolution is considered. Responses from photon transport methods can be physical quantities such as absorption, fluence, reflectance, or transmittance. Given a specific physical quantity, G(x,y,z), from a pencil beam in Cartesian space and a collimated light source with beam profile S(x,y), a broad... | Convolution for optical broad-beam responses in scattering media |
c_oz7ivklvzbqf | In order for dermatophytoses to occur, the fungus must directly contact the skin. Likelihood of infection is increased if the skin integrity is compromised, as in minor breaks.The fungi use various proteinases to establish infection in the keratinized stratum corneum. Some studies also suggest that a class of proteins ... | Dermatophyte |
c_tgezrg60vj2m | The fungi spread in a centrifugal pattern in the stratum corneum, which is the outermost keratinized layer of the skin.For nail infections, the growth initiates through the lateral or superficial nail plates, then continues throughout the nail. For hair infections, fungal invasion begins at the hair shaft.Symptoms mani... | Dermatophyte |
c_ib0f0ukiy00d | The rapid turnover of desquamation, or skin peeling, due to inflammation limits dermatophytoses, as the fungi are pushed out of the skin.Dermatophytoses rarely cause serious illness, as the fungi infection tends to be limited to the superficial skin. The infection tends to self-resolve so long as the fungal growth does... | Dermatophyte |
c_c3b2i9vs1jwo | In order for detection of targets to be automated, a training database needs to be created. This is usually done using experimental data collected when the target is known, and is then stored for use by the ATR algorithm. An example of a detection algorithm is shown in the flowchart. This method uses M blocks of data, ... | Automatic target recognition |
c_x6dnfikair1i | After a model is obtained using the data collected, conditional probability is formed for each target contained in the training database. In this example, there are M blocks of data. This will result in a collection of M probabilities for each target in the database. | Automatic target recognition |
c_e85thocvxz85 | These probabilities are used to determine what the target is using a maximum likelihood decision. This method has been shown to be able to distinguish between vehicle types (wheeled vs tracked vehicles for example), and even decide how many people are present up to three people with a high probability of success.CNN-Ba... | Automatic target recognition |
c_rkknhdts7lnh | It has been proved useful in recognizing targets (i.e. battle tanks) in infrared images of real scenes after training with synthetic images, since real images of those targets are scarce. Due to the limitation of the training set, how realistic the synthetic images are matters a lot when it comes to recognize the real ... | Automatic target recognition |
c_1z8ds092nif9 | Max pooling layers are located after the second, the forth and the fifth convolution layer. A Global average pooling is also applied before the output. All convolution layers use Leaky ReLU nonlinearity activation function. | Automatic target recognition |
c_lgu8fktm4zn1 | In order for digital agriculture to spread, national governments, multilateral organizations, and other policymakers must provide a clear regulatory framework so that stakeholders feel confident investing in digital agriculture solutions. Policy designed for the pre-Internet era prevents the advancement of “smart agric... | Digital Agriculture |
c_1lw4o68w6pma | Their concerns extend to government use of data; German farmers reported a “lack of data security and excessive transparency vis-à-vis the public authorities.” Scholars have issued repeated calls for policymakers to address agricultural data privacy and security. Address data ownership: According to the European Parlia... | Digital Agriculture |
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