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c_am674af1gdbh | Mature macrophages and fibroblasts, which may carry unwanted growth factors, are removed. Next, IL-3 and IL-1, two growth factors, are often added to increase yield and promote rapid terminal differentiation. Exogenous media containing growth factors and other serums must also be added to make the cells continually via... | Bone marrow-derived macrophage |
c_wkkb6njrdvoi | Full growth and differentiation take approximately 5–8 days.Millions of BMDMs can be derived from one mouse and frozen for years. After being thawed BMDMs can respond to a variety of stimuli such as LPS, IFN-γ, PAMPs, NF-κB, and IRF3. These signals induce translation of genes that produce cytokines and determine if mac... | Bone marrow-derived macrophage |
c_n79edtmohuic | If BMDMs are not frozen, they age and become less viable as CSF-1 and growth factors in their media decreases.Proliferation of BMDMs can also be inhibited by a number of reagents. For example, growth and differentiation is dependent on CSF-1 and a functional CSF-1 receptor, a member of the tyrosine kinase family. Witho... | Bone marrow-derived macrophage |
c_1iazxroexb57 | In order to produce SRECs, a solar system must first be certified by state regulatory agencies, usually public service commissions or public utility commissions, and then registered with the registry authorized by the state to create and track SRECs. Once a solar system is certified with the state agency and registered... | Solar Renewable Energy Certificate |
c_rnaqfq3bfse5 | In order to produce artificial halos such as the tangent arcs or the circumscribed halo one should rotate a single columnar hexagonal crystal about 2 axes. Similarly, the Lowitz arcs can be created by rotating a single plate crystal about two axes. This can be done by engineered halo machines. | Aura (optics) |
c_67aqe3ld142u | The first such machine was constructed in 2003; several more followed. Putting such machines inside spherical projection screens, and by the principle of the so-called sky transform, the analogy is nearly perfect. A realization using micro-versions of the aforementioned machines produces authentic distortion-free proje... | Aura (optics) |
c_7wt3wvyb8oyv | In order to produce charcoal, water and the volatile components of the wood have to evaporate. At the charcoal burning site, which is located where possible near a body of water so that it can be extinguished later, the wood pile is built in approximately hemispherical or conical piles, using short logs, mostly one-met... | Charcoal kiln |
c_7jnatvlo2s2j | Finally the pile is sealed airtight with a mix of ash and charcoal pieces (possibly known as 'culm' or 'brusque'; German: Lösche, Stübbe, Stibbe or Gestübe) and earth, with the exception of the central chimney. A support made of logs and planks is then built round the base of the pile. Then the pile is ignited via the ... | Charcoal kiln |
c_ppc9nm4u0pvo | A sure sign that the charring has started is the so-called 'knocking' of the pile. The strong heating leads to wood gas deflagration which, if the covering of the pile is too strong, to an explosion. At the top as well as at the foot of the pile, individual holes are made in the surface, by means of which the fire in t... | Charcoal kiln |
c_mtty1p70tnno | Under this blanket, incineration is conducted with carefully regulated air access in such a way that, if possible, no more wood burns than is absolutely necessary to heat the entire wood mass to the charring temperature. The wood must char, not burn, inside the pile; air being let in through the small holes so that no ... | Charcoal kiln |
c_wabvp708nor4 | The heat of the smouldering wood inside the pile drives all liquid and organic components out of the wood as smoke. The job of the charcoal burner at this stage is to neither let the pile go out nor to let it burn down as a result of too much air over the following days or weeks (depending on the size of the pile and t... | Charcoal kiln |
c_puki1g4qfxxf | Essentially, only the gases and vapours that develop from the heated wood should burn. By observing the smoke and its colour, the charcoal burner knows whether there is too much or too little air. The colour of the smoke that escapes indicates whether charring is complete. | Charcoal kiln |
c_oodwyfycfbx3 | If the smoke is white and dense, the wood is not yet charred. If it is light, almost transparent and slightly bluish, the wood is charred. The air holes are now moved further down in order to also draw the fire into the lower areas of the kiln. | Charcoal kiln |
c_b0vughpxq2pc | Each time the draft holes are moved, the smoke colour changes, the kiln charred from top to bottom. As the charring progresses, the kiln slowly sinks in. Once charring is complete, the fire in the pile is quickly extinguished by the clogging of the air holes. | Charcoal kiln |
c_qvsoz1u53ewe | and the pile slowly begins to cool down. For better sealing the pile is often sprinkled with water and compacted with a wooden hammer. The pile has now shrunk to about half its original volume. | Charcoal kiln |
c_u6c8avfdoy0e | Now the cover is opened and then the coal is pulled out with a rake, fork or shovel and spread out to cool down. Embers are extinguished with water or smothered with ash. | Charcoal kiln |
c_jq6ajdbd0ufu | If this is not done properly, the charcoal that has been produced burns within a very short time under great heat (exothermic reaction). The heat generated in this process is so great that it is impossible to approach the pile. The coal must now cool down for at least 12 hours. | Charcoal kiln |
c_lb6ctcsbflek | If the charcoal is too small it remains in the pile and is mixed with the ash. Only the carbon skeleton of the wood cells remains but this is still 98% of the wood. From 100 kg of hardwood, approximately 30 kg of charcoal can be obtained. | Charcoal kiln |
c_km3clilkeufp | During charcoal production, by-products are generated such as wood tar, wood vinegar, wood spirit and wood gas. These cannot be fully utilised in the pile. If tar extraction was to be combined with the charring of the pile, small pits were made in the ground or the ground was lined with clay and the tar led out of the ... | Charcoal kiln |
c_pma3h1j1cgg3 | In order to produce fermented bean curd, cubes of dried tofu are allowed to fully air-dry under hay and slowly ferment from aerial bacteria and fungal spores. Commercially available fermented bean curd is made by using dry firm tofu that has been inoculated with the fungal spores of Actinomucor elegans, Mucor sufu, Muc... | Fermented bean curd |
c_icudfkyyta57 | In order to produce sago, cycasin and other cycad toxins must be removed from the flesh of the plants. The flesh, seeds, and roots of the cycad are first dried and ground into a fine powder, before being submerged in boiling water. The water is then allowed to drain, leaching out the toxic material while leaving the st... | Cycasin |
c_rorpob5ybjwt | In order to promote collaboration and to ensure transparency of data, schedule and database submittals are to be made in native file format either by maintenance of the material in a common data environment or transfer by a file transfer protocol to all having a continuing design, administrative, or supervisory role, w... | Complex Projects Contract |
c_mz38h4tj4u8b | In order to promote more sustainable forms of consumption, there is a multitude of emerging business models that challenge the prevalent ready-to-wear model. Here is an example of a study that provides insight into innovative business models in the fashion industry that are geared towards sustainability. | Sustainable fashion |
c_jmik981d8ncp | In order to promote sales of Minton's Willow pattern, various stories were invented based on the elements of the design. The most famous story usually runs as described below. The story is based on the Japanese fairy tale "The Green Willow" and other ancient fairy tales originating in China about the constellations tha... | Willow pattern |
c_ittynmlzujqu | In order to promote the transfer of research results into practice, the institute engages in technology transfer, promotes spin-offs and cooperates with industrial companies. | Leibniz Institute for Polymer Research |
c_zprn8z5tug7i | In order to propagate the bush, the seeds are collected in June when the seed pods split. They are air-dried for a few days and are then stored in moist soil before planting out during autumn. If the pods are fully dried out, it is more difficult for the seeds to sprout. Seeds that are harvested late or allowed to dry ... | Paeonia × suffruticosa |
c_mjsbxnkefwby | Ideally, the plant should be planted in fertile, humus-rich soil with plenty of organic matter (in USDA zones 3 to 8).Paeonia × suffruticosa grows in both full sun to dappled shade. However, the plant blooms best in dappled shade with 3 to 4 hours of sunlight. When grown in full sun, it is essential to provide adequate... | Paeonia × suffruticosa |
c_booajepucoz1 | Generally, the tree requires very little pruning, but it is necessary to cut off dead branches, and to cut off any sprouts that are suckers from the herbaceous root stock.Potential cultivating diseases include Ca. Phytoplasma solani, the causal agent of the Black wood disease of grapevine. This is associated with tree ... | Paeonia × suffruticosa |
c_2hdepyas687b | In order to properly diagnose retinoblastoma, there must be guidelines to follow to properly classify the risk of the tumor. The Reese Ellsworth Classification System, by Dr. Algernon Reese and Dr. Robert Ellsworth, is universally used to determine the size, location, and multi-focality of the tumor. The system was ori... | Retinal cancer |
c_o7h6gy56fhja | The International Classification for Intraocular Retinoblastoma is now the current system being used, and it was created by Murphree and associates. According to Reese and Ellsworth, there were different groups that had various features in order to classify the globe salvage as very favorable to the category of very un... | Retinal cancer |
c_q9v6bzifx7jf | If the tumor was around ten in disc diameter and involved roughly 50% of the retina, it was considered unfavorable to salvage the globe which could result in enucleation. According to Murphree, the different groups were classified from very low risk to very high risk which was determined by features of the given tumor. | Retinal cancer |
c_9chku7te5q3y | Very low risk means that the tumor has to be less than 3mm and there must be no seeding of the vitreous or sub-retinal area. When a patient is very high risk, the tumor presents itself with multiple features and is going to have to be treated with conservative treatment modalities or enucleation. International Classifi... | Retinal cancer |
c_y1kciw8dq5oy | In order to properly express a conic bundle, the initial step involves simplifying the quadratic form on the left side. This can be achieved through a harmless alteration, resulting in a more straightforward and uncomplicated expression such as: X 2 − a Y 2 = P ( T ) . {\displaystyle X^{2}-aY^{2}=P(T).\,} In a second s... | Conic bundle |
c_zmmsv1e8ylz7 | {\displaystyle X^{2}-aY^{2}=P(T)Z^{2}.\,} That is not enough to complete the fiber as non-singular (smooth and proper), and then glue it to infinity by a change of classical maps. Seen from infinity, (i.e. through the change T ↦ T ′ = 1 T {\displaystyle T\mapsto T'={\frac {1}{T}}} ), the same fiber (excepted the fibers... | Conic bundle |
c_9d0htdin3bi0 | In order to properly understand the operation of a programmable logic controller (PLC), it is necessary to spend considerable time programming, testing, and debugging PLC programs. PLC systems are inherently expensive, and down-time is often very costly. In addition, if a PLC is programmed incorrectly it can result in ... | Simulation software |
c_vdjanoe1v512 | PLC simulation software is a valuable tool in the understanding and learning of PLCs and to keep this knowledge refreshed and up to date. PLC simulation provides users with the ability to write, edit and debug programs written using a tag-based format. Many of the most popular PLCs use tags, which are a powerful method... | Simulation software |
c_bdtpw4oygsvk | PLC simulation integrates tag-based ladder logic programs with 3D interactive animations to enhance the user’s learning experience. These interactive animations include traffic lights, batch processing, and bottling lines.By using PLC simulation, PLC programmers have the freedom to try all the "what-if" scenarios chang... | Simulation software |
c_tucmw8358xh7 | In order to protect Antarctic fauna and flora and taking into account that human activity may represent a threat to their survival, Annex II establishes that the taking and harmful interference of Antarctic species, as well as the introduction of non-native species to the continent, are prohibited, except with a permit... | Antarctic-Environmental Protocol |
c_vwnqtduylui7 | A non-native species may act as a competitor (for habitat and/or food) with the native species; as a vector of diseases to which native species are not accustomed; as a habitat-modifying agent, or as a predator of the native species. The only types of species allowed to enter Antarctica, after a permit has been issued,... | Antarctic-Environmental Protocol |
c_s93cvcxx7e6z | In order to protect a bank or similar issuing financial institution from paying too much in interest should rates skyrocket, a cap is usually placed on how much interest an investor can earn. Again, if the market-linked CD with a 16 percent return had an interest cap of 10 percent, investors would only earn a 10 percen... | Market-linked CD |
c_ntod2m0tr76q | In order to protect against intermittency issues and system failures, many off-grid communities create hybrid energy systems. These combine traditional renewables like solar PV, and wind, micro-hydro, batteries or even diesel generators. This can be cheaper and more effective than extending or maintaining grids to isol... | Off-the-grid |
c_mhj6un1jpi8y | In order to protect human health and the environment, monitoring of PPP residues in food is a crucial step. With this process the EU can check the prediction of the safe use of respective PPPs. In September 2008, the European Union issued new and revised Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) in plants for the roughly 1,100 pes... | Plant Protection Products Regulation |
c_1k76gssy33ov | In order to protect its web browser from inter-protocol exploitation, Mozilla blocked several ports that HTML forms would not normally have access to. In January 2010, the GNAA discovered that Mozilla's blocks did not cover port 6667, which left Mozilla browsers vulnerable to cross-protocol scripts. The GNAA crafted a ... | Goatse Security |
c_clabboezacqs | Goatse Security exposed the vulnerability, and one of its members, Andrew Auernheimer, aka "weev," posted information about the exploit on Encyclopedia Dramatica.In March 2010, Goatse Security discovered an integer overflow vulnerability within Apple's web browser, Safari, and posted an exploit on Encyclopedia Dramatic... | Goatse Security |
c_3r1lujgi86sz | In order to protect the animal's welfare, several countries and territories have prohibited breeding with Munchkins, including the Netherlands (2014), Scotland, and Victoria (Australia). The Australian Capital Territory (a territory of Australia) government considers the munchkin breed to be "malformed animals" and the... | Munchkin cat |
c_sd8d8tfd4s2h | In order to protect the animal’s welfare, several countries and states have prohibited breeding of dwarf cats, including the Netherlands (2014), Scotland, and Victoria (Australia). The Australian Capital Territory (Australia) government consider the Munchkin breed to be "malformed animals" and the deliberate breeding o... | Dwarf cat |
c_m8nbf15w4wkj | In order to protect the environment and to ensure the health of your horses, wash racks, water troughs, and antibacterial soaps can act as a beneficial alternative to horse ponds. Wash racks provide an area for owners to wash their horses’ legs, antibacterial soaps help remove dirt, grime, and kills bacteria on horses’... | Horse pond |
c_xloxd3j26pfq | In order to protect the physical and mental health of workers, the demands of the job must be balanced by easily accessible job resources in order to prevent burnout in employees yet encourage employee engagement. Engagement signifies a positive employee who is committed to the safety within the workplace for self and ... | Positive psychology in the workplace |
c_8xyt1dadoi5x | On the other hand, burnout increases when more job demands are present without the buffering effects of job resources. Hazards in the workplace can be seen as a combination of the physical demands of the work and the complexity of the work. Job resources provide a buffering effect that protects the employees from job d... | Positive psychology in the workplace |
c_xfmm8ickgzu9 | Employees are better equipped to handle changes in their work environment when resources are readily available. The resources a job can provide include autonomy, support, and knowledge of safety. Autonomy allows employees the freedom to decide how to execute their work. | Positive psychology in the workplace |
c_40nxs4rd2eg8 | Support can originate directly from a supervisor or from other workers in the environment. And lastly, employees must have knowledge about safety procedures and policies. When the employee is able to work in a safe environment, workers are more satisfied with their jobs. A safe environment provides support and resource... | Positive psychology in the workplace |
c_yw3x43s8j93q | In order to protect the privacy of the private land owner where the point identified by the 1918 survey falls, a proxy marker was erected in 1940 about half a mile away, at the 130/AA intersection (39.8282°N 98.5796°W / 39.8282; -98.5796 (Center of the United States, Proxy Marker)).Its inscription reads: The GEOGRAPH... | Geographic center of the United States |
c_z4i1hzmopa4c | Hagadorn of Paulette & Wilson – Engineers and L.A. Beardslee – County Engineer. From data furnished by U.S. | Geographic center of the United States |
c_w4g9cn7ld5g7 | Coast and Geodetic Survey. Sponsored by Lebanon Hub Club. Lebanon, Kansas. | Geographic center of the United States |
c_995ss80iy0qd | April 25, 1940 An American flag usually flies atop a pole placed on the monument. A covered picnic area and the U.S. Center Chapel, a small eight-pew chapel, are nearby. | Geographic center of the United States |
c_3uho1p81h7of | In order to protect their crops, many individuals pre-treat their seeds with fungicides. The most widespread active ingredients in these fungicides are Iprodione and Strobilurins. In 1995, it was reported that Iprodione most likely acts by mutating two histidine residues in the target site of enzymes. Ultimately, it in... | Alternaria brassicicola |
c_zkm4zhrrbz1q | However, the ubiquitous use of fungicides has resulted in the fungus growing increasingly resistant. Thus, different, non-chemical approaches have been explored. People have tried to develop resistant Brassicaceae crops through breeding. | Alternaria brassicicola |
c_esn9lfjr200q | However, this has proved challenging due to the difficulty of transferring genes from wild-type to cultivated strains, resulting in genetic bottlenecks. It is further complicated by the probability that resistance seems to be a polygenic trait. There are also some Brassica plants that have developed resistance to the p... | Alternaria brassicicola |
c_nvbl9f36jwxy | High phenolase activity, high leaf sugar, and thicker wax layers reduce water-borne spore germination. It has been shown that the presence of camalexin in the host plant helps it to disrupt pathogen development. | Alternaria brassicicola |
c_rka4f0qn45eb | For example, an Arabidopsis mutant in the pad-3 gene that does not produce camalexin is more susceptible to infection. Varying levels show differing levels of resistance. Another suggestion put forth is crop debris management. | Alternaria brassicicola |
c_4s7akvay1od4 | The aim is to minimize exposure of the crop plants to spores present in the soil by using crop rotation and weed control.Biological approaches have also been studied. One approach has been to use antagonistic fungi such as Aureobasidium pullulans & Epicoccum nigrum to subdue the effect of A. brassicicola. The plants C.... | Alternaria brassicicola |
c_3p0zu0irueyv | These levels are comparable to Iprodione. The active compound, berberine, affects cell wall integrity and ergosterol biosynthesis. Ethanol extracts from the dried roots of Solanum nigrum (black nightshade), traditionally used as herbal remedies in places ranging from the Far East to India and Mexico, show promising ant... | Alternaria brassicicola |
c_dvkzvlsr0kj1 | In order to prove a lower bound for the distance of a code C ∗ {\displaystyle C^{*}} we prove that the Hamming distance of an arbitrary but distinct pair of codewords has a lower bound. So let Δ ( c 1 , c 2 ) {\displaystyle \Delta (c^{1},c^{2})} be the Hamming distance of two codewords c 1 {\displaystyle c^{1}} and c 2... | Justesen code |
c_d8o65j3q47mf | Notice that if C o u t ( m ) = ( c 1 , ⋯ , c N ) {\displaystyle C_{out}(m)=(c_{1},\cdots ,c_{N})} , then C ∗ ( m ) = ( C i n 1 ( c 1 ) , ⋯ , C i n N ( c N ) ) {\displaystyle C^{*}(m)=(C_{in}^{1}(c_{1}),\cdots ,C_{in}^{N}(c_{N}))} . So for the lower bound Δ ( C ∗ ( m 1 ) , C ∗ ( m 2 ) ) {\displaystyle \Delta (C^{*}(m_{1... | Justesen code |
c_lklk4b3i9g7m | Suppose C o u t ( m 1 ) = ( c 1 1 , ⋯ , c N 1 ) C o u t ( m 2 ) = ( c 1 2 , ⋯ , c N 2 ) {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}C_{out}(m_{1})&=\left(c_{1}^{1},\cdots ,c_{N}^{1}\right)\\C_{out}(m_{2})&=\left(c_{1}^{2},\cdots ,c_{N}^{2}\right)\end{aligned}}} Recall that { C i n 1 , ⋯ , C i n N } {\displaystyle \left\{C_{in}^{1},... | Justesen code |
c_jxbkw9ppkhrm | So if for some 1 ⩽ i ⩽ N , c i 1 ≠ c i 2 {\displaystyle 1\leqslant i\leqslant N,c_{i}^{1}\neq c_{i}^{2}} and the code C i n i {\displaystyle C_{in}^{i}} has distance ⩾ H q − 1 ( 1 2 − ε ) ⋅ 2 k , {\displaystyle \geqslant H_{q}^{-1}\left({\tfrac {1}{2}}-\varepsilon \right)\cdot 2k,} then Δ ( C i n i ( c i 1 ) , C i n i ... | Justesen code |
c_vn7mv1zpj5yh | {\displaystyle \Delta \left(C^{*}(m_{1}),C^{*}(m_{2})\right)\geqslant H_{q}^{-1}\left({\tfrac {1}{2}}-\varepsilon \right)\cdot 2k\cdot T.} So now the final task is to find a lower bound for T {\displaystyle T} . | Justesen code |
c_1smg91zguzcz | Define: S = { i: 1 ⩽ i ⩽ N , c i 1 ≠ c i 2 } . {\displaystyle S=\left\{i\ :\ 1\leqslant i\leqslant N,c_{i}^{1}\neq c_{i}^{2}\right\}.} | Justesen code |
c_0thsmbtijtrg | Then T {\displaystyle T} is the number of linear codes C i n i , i ∈ S {\displaystyle C_{in}^{i},i\in S} having the distance H q − 1 ( 1 2 − ε ) ⋅ 2 k . {\displaystyle H_{q}^{-1}\left({\tfrac {1}{2}}-\varepsilon \right)\cdot 2k.} Now we want to estimate | S | . | Justesen code |
c_90as9suxnh9g | {\displaystyle |S|.} Obviously | S | = Δ ( C o u t ( m 1 ) , C o u t ( m 2 ) ) ⩾ ( 1 − R ) N {\displaystyle |S|=\Delta (C_{out}(m_{1}),C_{out}(m_{2}))\geqslant (1-R)N} . Due to the Wozencraft Ensemble Theorem, there are at most ε N {\displaystyle \varepsilon N} linear codes having distance less than H q − 1 ( 1 2 − ε )... | Justesen code |
c_72s9fg4274fp | {\displaystyle T\geqslant |S|-\varepsilon N\geqslant (1-R)N-\varepsilon N=(1-R-\varepsilon )N.} Finally, we have Δ ( C ∗ ( m 1 ) , C ∗ ( m 2 ) ) ⩾ H q − 1 ( 1 2 − ε ) ⋅ 2 k ⋅ T ⩾ H q − 1 ( 1 2 − ε ) ⋅ 2 k ⋅ ( 1 − R − ε ) ⋅ N . {\displaystyle \Delta (C^{*}(m_{1}),C^{*}(m_{2}))\geqslant H_{q}^{-1}\left({\tfrac {1}{2}}-\v... | Justesen code |
c_66jvkozos9fu | In order to prove negligence per se, the plaintiff usually must show that: the defendant violated the statute, the act caused the kind of harm the statute was designed to prevent, and the plaintiff was a member of the statute's protected class.In some jurisdictions, negligence per se creates merely a rebuttable presump... | Negligence per se |
c_l2328byufe02 | In order to prove the HSW coding theorem, we really just need a few basic things from quantum mechanics. First, a quantum state is a unit trace, positive operator known as a density operator. Usually, we denote it by ρ {\displaystyle \rho } , σ {\displaystyle \sigma } , ω {\displaystyle \omega } , etc. The simplest mod... | Classical capacity |
c_uraogzn0exoh | If it is true that the states ρ x {\displaystyle \rho _{x}} are perfectly distinguishable from one another (i.e., if they have orthogonal supports such that T r { ρ x ρ x ′ } = 0 {\displaystyle \mathrm {Tr} \,\left\{\rho _{x}\rho _{x^{\prime }}\right\}=0} for x ≠ x ′ {\displaystyle x\neq x^{\prime }} ), then the channe... | Classical capacity |
c_kslbpcxgydva | So, the situation in which we are interested is that in which the states ρ x {\displaystyle \rho _{x}} have overlapping support and are non-commutative. The most general way to describe a quantum measurement is with a positive operator-valued measure (POVM). | Classical capacity |
c_fwn3357govhf | We usually denote the elements of a POVM as { Λ m } m {\displaystyle \left\{\Lambda _{m}\right\}_{m}} . These operators should satisfy positivity and completeness in order to form a valid POVM: Λ m ≥ 0 ∀ m {\displaystyle \Lambda _{m}\geq 0\ \ \ \ \forall m} ∑ m Λ m = I . {\displaystyle \sum _{m}\Lambda _{m}=I.} The pro... | Classical capacity |
c_k41tzvfuj3px | In order to prove the previous equation some facts from matrix theory must be recalled. An m × m matrix A has m orthogonal eigenvectors if and only if A is normal, that is, if A†A = AA†. This result is equivalent to stating that normal matrices can be brought to diagonal form by a unitary similarity transformation: A U... | Euler's rotation theorem |
c_x6p1comx1use | The eigenvalues α1, ..., αm are roots of the characteristic equation. If the matrix A happens to be unitary (and note that unitary matrices are normal), then ( U † A U ) † = diag ( α 1 ∗ , … , α m ∗ ) = U † A − 1 U = diag ( 1 α 1 , … , 1 α m ) {\displaystyle \left(\mathbf {U} ^{\dagger }\mathbf {A} \mathbf {U} \rig... | Euler's rotation theorem |
c_tuxx0xopqc2v | Also an orthogonal (real unitary) matrix has eigenvalues on the unit circle in the complex plane. Moreover, since its characteristic equation (an mth order polynomial in λ) has real coefficients, it follows that its roots appear in complex conjugate pairs, that is, if α is a root then so is α∗. There are 3 roots, thus ... | Euler's rotation theorem |
c_0vlnuz3pks78 | After recollection of these general facts from matrix theory, we return to the rotation matrix R. It follows from its realness and orthogonality that we can find a U such that: R U = U ( e i ϕ 0 0 0 e − i ϕ 0 0 0 ± 1 ) {\displaystyle \mathbf {R} \mathbf {U} =\mathbf {U} {\begin{pmatrix}e^{i\phi }&0&0\\0&e^{-i\phi }&0\\... | Euler's rotation theorem |
c_59x2ppre5nd5 | {\displaystyle \mathbf {R} \mathbf {u} _{1}=e^{i\phi }\,\mathbf {u} _{1}\quad {\hbox{and}}\quad \mathbf {R} \mathbf {u} _{2}=e^{-i\phi }\,\mathbf {u} _{2}.} If u1 has eigenvalue 1, then φ = 0 and u2 has also eigenvalue 1, which implies that in that case R = I. In general, however, as ( R − e i ϕ I ) u 1 = 0 {\displayst... | Euler's rotation theorem |
c_mpgk79ed5zgx | The third column is still u 3 = {\displaystyle \mathbf {u} _{3}=} n, the other two columns of U′ are perpendicular to n. We can now see how our definition of improper rotation corresponds with the geometric interpretation: an improper rotation is a rotation around an axis (here, the axis corresponding to the third coor... | Euler's rotation theorem |
c_vkhi6p7b6ckf | In order to prove this generalized form of the theorem, Petersen first proved that a 4-regular graph can be factorized into two 2-factors by taking alternate edges in a Eulerian trail. He noted that the same technique used for the 4-regular graph yields a factorization of a 2k-regular graph into two k-factors.To prove ... | 2-factor theorem |
c_tnyppnj4fq9a | Traversing this Eulerian trail generates an orientation D of G such that every point has indegree and outdegree = k. Next, replace every vertex v ϵ V(D) by two vertices v’ and v”, and replace every directed edge uv of the oriented graph by an undirected edge from u’ to v”. Since D has in- and outdegrees equal to k the ... | 2-factor theorem |
c_xcqxphpx2t1q | In order to prove this theorem Gromov introduced a convergence for metric spaces. This convergence, now called the Gromov–Hausdorff convergence, is currently widely used in geometry. A relatively simple proof of the theorem was found by Bruce Kleiner. | Bass's theorem |
c_qj1ly1kv9b8g | Later, Terence Tao and Yehuda Shalom modified Kleiner's proof to make an essentially elementary proof as well as a version of the theorem with explicit bounds. Gromov's theorem also follows from the classification of approximate groups obtained by Breuillard, Green and Tao. A simple and concise proof based on functiona... | Bass's theorem |
c_4rld9ajlsq6k | In order to prove, that the projection method will lead to the same solution as the direct insertion, the EASM for two-dimensional flows is derived. In two-dimensional flows only the tensors are independent. T i j ( 1 ) = s i j {\displaystyle T_{ij}^{(1)}=s_{ij}} T i j ( 2 ) = s i k w k j − w i k s k j {\displaystyle T... | Explicit algebraic stress model |
c_boxydb2d99b6 | For example the shear stress variation in a rotating pipe cannot be predicted with quadratic tensors. Hence, the EASM was extended with a cubic tensor. In order to do not affect the performance in 2D flows, a tensor was chosen that vanish in 2d flows. This offers the concentration of the coefficient determination in 3d... | Explicit algebraic stress model |
c_mwhcfzk86tqy | In order to provide 1.2 MW of protons to LBNF, the second phase of the Proton Improvement Project ("PIP II"), which will increase proton delivery from the Fermilab accelerator chain by 60%, must be completed. The cost of this Fermilab upgrade as of 2022 is $1.28B. Thus, the PIP II and DUNE Phase I combined costs exceed... | Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment |
c_vxjt7buu5ag3 | In order to provide a good minigene model, the gene fragment should have all of the necessary elements to ensure it exhibits the same alternative splicing (AS) patterns as the wild type gene, i.e., the length of the fragment must include all upstream and downstream sequences which can affect its splicing. Therefore, mo... | Minigene |
c_j8jxfgo2jjaz | The number of foreign DNA elements (exon and introns) inserted into the constitutive exons and introns of a given fragment varies with the type of experiment and the information being sought. A typical experiment might involve wild type minigenes which are expected to express genes normally in a comparison run against ... | Minigene |
c_8byklrp1wy2z | In order to provide a positive experience and to ensure the effectiveness of online remedial courses, the tutor's roles in designing and organizing the learning experience, providing technical advice and support, encouraging and facilitating discussion, encouraging participation, using a variety of forms of instruction... | Remedial education |
c_584g628os8pl | In order to provide access to relevant data to users ChemXSeer provides new features that are not available in traditional search engines or digital libraries. Chemical Entity Search: A tool capable of identifying Chemical formulae and chemical names, and extracting and disambiguating them from general terms within doc... | ChemXSeer |
c_mqtm54vswzoo | TableSeer: In scholarly articles Tables are used to present, list, summarize, and structure important data. TableSeer automatically identifies tables in digital documents, extracts the table Metadata as well as the cells content, and stores them in such a way that allows users to either query the table content or searc... | ChemXSeer |
c_0h55pahtxxsh | In order to provide better security when transferring data over a network, Windows Vista provides enhancements to the cryptographic algorithms used to obfuscate data. Support for 256-bit, 384-bit and 512-bit Elliptic curve Diffie–Hellman (ECDH) algorithms, as well as for 128-bit, 192-bit and 256-bit Advanced Encryption... | Windows Vista networking technologies |
c_a1g3q83f12mp | Only the computers which are in the same logical network partition will be able to access the resources in the domain. Even though other systems may be physically on the same network, unless they are in the same logical partition, they won't be able to access partitioned resources. A system may be part of multiple netw... | Windows Vista networking technologies |
c_jxsrtjgrnmbu | Windows Vista also includes an Extensible Authentication Protocol Host (EAPHost) framework that provides extensibility for authentication methods for commonly used protected network access technologies such as 802.1X and PPP. It allows networking vendors to develop and easily install new authentication methods known as... | Windows Vista networking technologies |
c_gw49stlo0ucq | In order to provide certified Energy Ratings to rating clients such as builders or homeowners, individuals must become a Certified Rater through an EPA recognized HCO and have attended and successfully completed an EPA-recognized training class.Under RESNET's MINHERS, the process of becoming a Certified HERS Rater incl... | Home Energy Rating |
c_mchudy5fof6p | The Probationary Rater shall complete these ratings under the supervision and direction of the Provider. Upon successful completion of all three Probationary ratings, and any other requirements outlined by the Provider, the individual will become a Certified HERS Rater. Certification and Professional Development: HERS ... | Home Energy Rating |
c_ybm7hjytbhvj | PDHs may be earned by attending individual training sessions offered by RESNET Training Providers or attending the RESNET Building Performance Conference.Under BSI's Building Science Education Training & Certification System Process 02, prior to credentialing, candidates must successfully complete the following: Traini... | Home Energy Rating |
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