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c_yjitzhz5i265 | Chandler Burr is an American journalist, author, and museum curator. | Chandler Burr |
c_qd221zoh5jcy | Born in Chicago and raised in Washington, D.C., Burr graduated from Principia College in Elsah, Illinois. He began his journalism career in 1987 as a stringer in The Christian Science Monitor's Southeast Asia bureau, and later became a Contributing Editor to U.S. News & World Report. Burr has also written for The Atlan... | Chandler Burr |
c_1dft6amijz1l | In 1993, Burr wrote a cover story, "Homosexuality and Biology", for The Atlantic. The story became the basis for his first book A Separate Creation: The Search for the Biological Origins of Sexual Orientation (1996), which investigated sexual orientation research. A Separate Creation was published by Hyperion, a subsid... | Chandler Burr |
c_7qjpq187ke0u | In December 2010 he founded the Department of Olfactory Art at the Museum of Arts and Design in New York City. In December 2010, Burr left The New York Times to curate the exhibition "The Art of Scent: 1889-2011" at the Museum of Arts and Design in New York City, which allowed visitors to experience seminal works by so... | Chandler Burr |
c_1fua1haushvf | If you have to see it, I’m not interested. "In 2014 Burr established the Department of Scent Art as an independent 501c3 non-profit arts organization based in New York. The DSA produces exhibitions such as Hyper-Natural: Scent from Art to Design at the National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne.” | Chandler Burr |
c_964x6mvtn56n | The Bogotá newspaper El Tiempo in its edition of 2 December 2011 carried an article on how Burr reportedly had failed to disclose his sexual orientation in petitioning to adopt two Colombian orphans. As a result, the Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar halted the adoption proceedings, claiming a lack of candor o... | Chandler Burr |
c_vnmhcyxsz8k3 | In Marxian economics, economic reproduction refers to recurrent (or cyclical) processes. Michel Aglietta views economic reproduction as the process whereby the initial conditions necessary for economic activity to occur are constantly re-created. Marx viewed reproduction as the process by which society re-created itsel... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_i347muxahmwx | In the former case, no economic growth occurs, while in the latter case, more is produced than is needed to maintain the economy at the given level, making economic growth possible. In the capitalist mode of production, the difference is that in the former case, the new surplus value created by wage-labour is spent by ... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_bjgf7ca1ogih | As an approach to studying economic activity, economic reproduction contrasts with equilibrium economics, because economic reproduction is concerned not with statics or with how economic development gravitates towards an equilibrium, but rather with dynamics—that is, the motion of an economy. It is not concerned with t... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_14l6ff3b5y8u | Wassily Leontief developed Marx's idea further in his input-output economics (see also input-output model). However, there is a major difference between Leontief and Marx. By treating gross profit as a "factor input" as well as a factor output, the respective total values of the input and output in Leontief's model are... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_wx3zf4lesbn3 | In Marx's model, the output in an accounting period is normally always higher in value than the input. This is what Marx believed capitalists to be in business for: to produce a product sold at a higher value than the sum of input costs, thus generating profit. The profit in Marx's theory is not an "input" (it is not p... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_p3dbuu6fq5k5 | In Marx's view, economic reproduction in any society has five main features: the production of reproducible products (goods or services) replacing, maintaining, or adding to the stock of society's physical assets the physical maintenance of the (working) population and their dependents through household consumption the... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_o7i3y9g2t2rr | Marx's argument is that by producing an output value the equivalent to their own labor cost plus a surplus value (or gross profit) appropriated by capitalists, waged workers accomplish many of the processes involved at the same time. Part of the role of the state is to secure those general (collective) conditions for t... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_hdqcb856s1an | Sustainable development cannot occur if the natural environment is constantly depleted without being restored. The recycling of wastes and waste materials can be considered as a necessary and integral part of society's reproduction process. Each of these six features is the subject of much political controversy in soci... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_vz2s9oov9ld3 | Many different opinions exist about their relative importance and their effects on each other. Economists and businesspeople are often primarily concerned with the economic effects, but other intellectuals and workers are often more concerned with the non-economic effects for the health, security, and well-being of cit... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_uprhoyjvunoa | According to Marx, in a capitalist society, economic reproduction is conditional on capital accumulation. If workers fail to produce more capital, economic reproduction begins to break down. Therefore, economic reproduction in capitalist society is necessarily expanded reproduction and requires market growth. | Reproduction (economics) |
c_arsc1cpjde0v | Capital must grow, otherwise the whole process breaks down. Thus, economic growth is not simply desirable but also necessary in capitalism, not just because of population growth, but for commercial reasons.In this light, the ecological vision of a "zero-growth society" appears rather utopian; or, at the very least, its... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_357iluh66c4w | Others argue that population growth must be restricted with birth control methods because otherwise there will be too many people for the available resources. The real argument, though, is not about growth or the lack thereof, but rather about the kind of growth that is best for the (enlarged) reproduction of the human... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_6x7wbs69jjbf | However, there is much dispute about which kinds of economic growth are beneficial or harmful. Capital accumulation (the amassing of wealth in the form of capital assets) can occur either by producing a net addition to the stock of capital assets or by transferring wealth from one owner to another. In the former case, ... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_6l5iuurdbthg | In the latter case, the accumulation of one owner occurs at the expense of the other, there is no net growth. These two ways are usually combined, meaning that all or most owners make gains, but in unequal amounts. | Reproduction (economics) |
c_izcwvv65al86 | In considering the economic reproduction process as a whole, one therefore has to consider both the production of new resources and the transfer (distribution) of resources. As a corollary, supposing that there is no net growth of output and capital, capital accumulation can continue only if some people and organizatio... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_fkcdir2pvj5y | There were nine main factors that Marx disregarded in his construction of reproduction schemes when he modelled the circulation of capital (through the constant transformations of money-capital into production-capital and commodity-capital and vice versa). These omissions have been noted by various Marxist and non-Marx... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_0t8efwroo0xb | He concerned himself primarily with the capitalist mode of production, not with the capitalist mode of consumption.Unproductive accumulation. Through successive cycles of economic reproduction, more and more capital assets are created that exist outside the sphere of capitalist production. These capital assets include ... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_4oqeefti9n76 | These assets can also yield profits, income gains, or capital gains insofar as they are tradeable goods or rented out. For example, there is nowadays a large trade in used cars, second-hand equipment, and housing, as well as in financial assets. In fact, in developed capitalist countries, the capital directly tied up i... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_nkcla8tyg885 | Marx did not analyze the effects of human capital—that is, the skills and knowledge lodged in the physical bodies of workers, and the very large sums of money invested into education systems. He was aware of the idea of human capital, but he regarded it as a fictitious, reified notion that, he argued, would imply that ... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_a4qxcwghbya2 | Considerable money is spent on education and research and development in developed capitalist countries. Marx intended to write a separate study about the labour market, considering the different forms that wages could take, but he never did.Rent seeking. Marx did not analyze the effects of "rent-seeking" for economic ... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_cyr5wtug0ynd | In conventional economics, the term "rent-seeking" was coined in 1974, and refers mainly to a form of parasitism or economic opportunism by government bureaucrats in a privileged position (though sometimes it is applied to firms and business managers). Definitions of "economic rent" are much disputed in economic theory... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_hvjoge78ohe9 | If investors can earn rents simply by capitalizing on the ownership or use of a resource (and make money simply by trading in the ownership of assets, which may themselves be borrowed assets), then, if this sort of activity makes more profit faster, with less risk and lower tax than investing in production, capital wil... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_k2eadiz08n4t | Thus, the relative proportions of industry profits, interest, and rent income in total surplus value have a decisive effect on the ability of the economy to grow. The more the interest and rent that must be paid for production to occur, the more this becomes a constraint for expanding production. If the population incr... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_oz6zkw7am4tr | This argument, however, is also disputed by many theorists; the objection is simply that well-developed capital and money markets ensure that the finance exists to develop production, and that without a strong financial sector, production would be starved of funds.Non-capitalist economic areas. In his theory of capital... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_2ek804uenkow | All the activities of economic production can, Marx argued, in principle be organized in a capitalist way (according to commercial logic). It supplied proof that the capitalist mode of production could exist as an historically distinctive world system, completely dominated by the requirements of capital, without quickl... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_pji7rwlzc0c2 | They argued that capital accumulation proceeds only by constantly drawing upon a non-capitalist "hinterland" or region. That is, markets can expand only if there are new, non-capitalist areas to expand into; but inversely, these non-capitalist areas could actually support the capitalist economy well in advance of becom... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_tbf29cy1brbf | In Limits to Capital and In Nature, Difference and the Geography of Justice, David Harvey finds that a closed capitalist system could balance the various factors of production and successful expanded reproduction (without recourse to non-capitalist, or other "outside" factors)is possible. Whilst rejecting the necessity... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_8mppwrseqlg4 | Marx failed to systematically theorize the impact of demographic effects on economic reproduction, except that he studied the reserve army of labour and criticized the "overpopulation" theories of Thomas Malthus. Malthus was anxious that population growth would outstrip the capacity of the economy to sustain all the ne... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_oltm98j4ff2l | If resources were appropriately allocated, there was enough for everybody to have a decent life. The real point was that capital could not achieve that goal. | Reproduction (economics) |
c_ylmj4upbq63z | Capital accumulation necessitated a "relative surplus population", which tended to grow in size. Nevertheless, since population trends are not simply determined by economic factors, population movements can exert an important independent effect on economic reproduction. In China population growth has been curbed by del... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_au7tglo77ga6 | Another aspect about which there is much controversy is the emigration of workers and refugee populations, whether they are an asset for, or a drain on, economic growth. Capitalists are generally in favor of the free international movement of capital, but they are much more cautious about freedom of movement for worker... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_ovtauon6vidk | In his time, state taxes and expenditures were comparatively small (5%–10% of gross product), but since that time they have risen to 30%–40% or more of gross product in many countries. They enable the state to intervene directly in the process of social and economic reproduction, and to alter its course within certain ... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_zb6rp2q113h4 | In addition, the state nowadays also employs a very large number of people earning incomes from activity that is often or mostly not oriented to profit making, analogous to a non-profit sector sustained by subsidies, grants, and donations, as well as some income-generating activity. The state is the largest sponsor and... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_2to9hbn1ep6y | If land is exhausted or becomes infertile, or if it is devastated by a natural disaster, or if the yield of mines, forests, and fisheries becomes too low, production can no longer continue. After a series of cycles of capitalist reproduction, environments may emerge that are no longer inhabitable by human beings becaus... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_gycmgag9bxnz | In developed capitalist countries, the agricultural labour force has shrunk to only a tiny fraction of the total workforce, and manufacturing industries remain only as a minor part of total production; the large majority of workers are employed in service industries. This contrasts with less-developed countries, which ... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_ri7hlnyrkxz9 | Marx's models of economic reproduction in capitalism have often been interpreted as stating the conditions for economic equilibrium, or balanced economic growth. After all, there are certain "necessary proportions" between different branches of production, which have to adjust their output levels to each other. If thos... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_dle909uwj63g | In this sense, Marx distinguishes between the production of means of production, consumer goods, and luxury goods, and he considers the commercial interactions between the sectors producing them. If the growth of different sectors of production occurs very unevenly, bottlenecks can occur, so that a supply or demand can... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_kl92aqk4oj0v | The result is rising unemployment, idle productive capacity, and a drop in output and productive investment. This in turn means lower economic growth. | Reproduction (economics) |
c_xphvsyc0ydgg | Disproportionality theories. This idea was the basis for numerous Marxist crisis theories devised in the first three decades of the 20th century, most famously by Rudolf Hilferding, Rosa Luxemburg, Nikolai Bukharin, Otto Bauer, and Henryk Grossmann. | Reproduction (economics) |
c_tor9iwrculra | The argument is that balanced economic growth is only a temporary phenomenon, because a private enterprise economy is incapable of sustaining the necessary proportionalities required. It cannot do so because there is no overall, conscious coordination of production activities in an economic system in which producers co... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_h5573aqzcmrr | Uneven development theories. Other theorists such as Ernest Mandel and Roman Rosdolsky argued that capitalist economic development is always an "imbalanced" rather than "balanced" development in space and time. At most, an approximate balance of supply and demand is achieved in particular areas. | Reproduction (economics) |
c_mixwccw5bdem | In that case, an economic equilibrium never exists in reality; it is only a theoretical abstraction. There are constant market fluctuations as producers adjust to each other without being able to determine how much others will produce for sale. At most, one could say that in times of strong economic growth, when market... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_bctlf36vr0x7 | But after a certain time, productive investment will "overshoot" a now saturated market demand, causing the economy to spiral into crisis again.The basis for this alternative interpretation is that as long as simple reproduction is at least accomplished, expanded reproduction permits considerable variations, possibilit... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_o920neu9wz16 | In addition, the extension of credit can compensate for temporary supply-demand imbalances. So while certain minimal quantitative conditions do exist for the proportionalities of outputs among different branches of production, these proportionalities can be maintained, even if the output growth rate per year drops, say... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_pe2npt9747th | Society will reproduce itself anyway, but at a lower or higher standard of living.In this case, models of economic reproduction are not a useful guide to understanding economic crises because, it is argued, Marx only intended them to show how it was possible for the whole economic reproduction process to be accomplishe... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_s5jgx17pjjy5 | And if disproportions occur, the economic system can also adjust to them, within certain limits. If vastly more capital assets are created than are invested in production, one cannot explain economic crises simply in terms of disproportionalities in the sphere of production; one has to look at the process of capital ac... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_wpivao0su4sa | These debt crises signal that serious misallocations of capital have occurred, which impact negatively on economic reproduction. Financialization theories. A third, more recent interpretation is that the reproduction process (both the material reproduction processes and the reproduction of capital) has become completel... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_nxt4fajbzizw | Hence, to explain economic crises, critical disproportions between the developments of branches of production, or unutilized capacity ought to be viewed as emerging out of specific financial and monetary regimes pursued by financial institutions and the state. The large funds commanded by these organizations are though... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_2a5k1ibh9ngd | Consumers spend less than a quarter or less than 20% of their earnings on actual goods and services. Just as Marx noted a progression from natural economy to a "money-economy" and then a "credit economy", it is argued that the reproduction process has now become dominated by the supply, demand, or withdrawal of credit-... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_j58p4twa8wos | There is not much consensus about the effects of different financial policies by government and business on the economy, or how one could prove what the effects are.Arguably, much of the confusion in the debates about economic reproduction is attributable to two basic errors: Definition of capitalism. Scholars often co... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_yqlg0i226ibp | But in reality this is not the case. Capitalist society contains all sorts of non-economic processes and non-capitalist processes as well. It remains a society of human beings, who have certain requirements or needs that cannot easily be met through a commercial business. | Reproduction (economics) |
c_h484waomn8zg | And the majority of capital assets in developed capitalist countries are, even though they attract profit, not physical means of production, but financial assets or non-productive physical assets such as real estate or durables. This can be easily verified from national capital stock and asset inventory data (provided ... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_wfn2w4e9nu7p | Scholars often conflate the (expanded) physical reproduction of goods and services necessary for human survival with the (expanded) reproduction of capital. They assume that a certain market balance or market proportionality is essential for an equilibrium growth path. In fact, Marx never argued that capitalist society... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_bo3bmo3vs3c4 | Instead, "what held society together" was the compulsion to produce and reproduce for a living, given a system of property rights enforced by the state. Marxists call this viewpoint Marx's historical materialism.Once the basic needs of all could be met and organized capitalistically, the further development of capital ... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_lryltzjll5gt | That is, within certain absolute limits, the requirements for physical reproduction and for capital accumulation might not be the same at all. Capital would be invested for profit, but basic necessities might be ignored. An example might be the 2007–2008 world food price crisis, which indicates that insufficient capita... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_fa11j9iw0ijb | This might seem strange, since food is a basic requirement of human life. But, as Marx would presumably argue, what makes a profit is not necessarily what people really need, and therefore the possibility exists that profit making may undermine the most basic conditions for economic reproduction, including the supply o... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_lwnij4lpq3qb | The required investments may be very large and long term, tying up capital for many years, but either there is no possibility for profit or it is uncertain whether a sufficient profit can and will be made. If, for example, foreign investors invested in a country's essential infrastructure, a falling currency exchange r... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_p79di0yywxi7 | Reproduction can also refer to the worker's daily reproduction of his or her own labor power. This consists of the tasks of everyday existence—food preparation, laundry, and so forth—that maintain the worker and his or her ability to work. Since roughly the 16th century, much of this domestic labor has been made the re... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_cutlw0wfwfjn | As Silvia Federici notes, "In the new monetary regime, only production-for-market was defined as value-creating activity, whereas the reproduction of the worker began to be considered as valueless from an economic viewpoint and even ceased to be considered as work". Thus it is of particular interest in feminist economi... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_v4kp3y7y2s2j | For example, it was reported in 1988 that the paid work done by both men and women outside the home in West Germany totalled 55,000 million hours a year, earning them a total of $335 billion; but housework done by women inside the home totalled 53,000 million hours a year, which earned them no salary at all.One of the ... | Reproduction (economics) |
c_pz057m64ztli | Pacific studies is the study of the Pacific region (Oceania) across academic disciplines such as anthropology, archeology, art, economics, geography, history, linguistics, literature, music, politics, or sociology. In the fields of anthropology and linguistics, Oceania is often subdivided into Melanesia, Micronesia, an... | Pacific studies |
c_3bmjey2qzg00 | The field is sometimes seen as including Hawaiian studies and Māori studies. : 116 For many Pacific Islanders, Pacific studies involves projects of cultural renaissance, the reclamation and reassertion of cultural identity, while for many others, Pacific studies tends to focus more on modernization and development, on ... | Pacific studies |
c_yyvwgyn63uhg | The Australian National University established its Research School of Pacific Studies in 1946. The University of Hawaii at Manoa in 1950 began offering the first graduate-level course in Pacific Studies in 1950.: 116 Both of these early establishments were driven by a desire of their funding countries for better unders... | Pacific studies |
c_3jqzyvq1g5fi | : 63 A foundation course in Pacific studies is still included in every USP undergraduate programme. In New Zealand, the University of Auckland's Pacific Studies programme was established in the 1990s and driven by the needs and concerns of New Zealand Pacific islanders. : 116 | Pacific studies |
c_w06tzdx6fkd1 | Australian National University Brigham Young University–Hawaii CNRS EHESS National Museum of Ethnology, Japan SOAS San Diego State University San Francisco State University Tokyo University of Foreign Studies University of Auckland University of Canterbury University of California, San Diego University of Hawaii at Man... | Pacific studies |
c_4bcdpyquer1w | The Association for Social Anthropology in Oceania (ASAO) was established in 1967 and focuses on comparative studies of Pacific topics. The European Society for Oceanists (ESFO) was established in 1992. The Australian Association for Pacific Studies (AAPS) was formed in 2004. Journals include: Asian Perspectives: The J... | Pacific studies |
c_9gi4zy7ysrdq | A culminating project (also known as a senior project, grad project or exit project), is a project that challenges high school seniors to demonstrate their academic knowledge in an experiential way (in most cases). According to the United States Department of Education State Education Boards typically allow individual ... | Culminating project |
c_dfnj5qolz0mw | People reporting on the culminating project sometimes confuse the terminology with the state high school exit exam. The state exit exam is a written exam that usually tests student’s math, reading, writing, and science skills, whereas the culminating project is a required project that is usually a learning experience b... | Culminating project |
c_5ugil69da6nq | The purpose of the project is to increase both teaching and learning. High school graduation standards have declined for several decades. School reform or the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 is a way to bring value back to the high school diploma as well as support students as they go out into the world prepared for c... | Culminating project |
c_765xtxhynes4 | The requirement is an effort to increase the education standards. As college admissions and the workplace require more from their recruits, nationwide high schools must also. In an effort to be clear, it is restated that the culminating project is not required by all schools. Again, parents and guardians would have to ... | Culminating project |
c_8fudxh2ktckh | However, for students that are required to complete a culminating project, this is a chance for the student to explore a topic of personal interest. The project provides an opportunity that student may not have otherwise. By completing the project, students have a real life experience that can help them in their next a... | Culminating project |
c_gjdsvm0z7p1o | The high school graduation culminating project format varies from state to state and even school to school within the same state. Parents and guardians will have to check with their students specific school for their requirements. Typically the project consists of choosing a topic of interest, writing a research paper ... | Culminating project |
c_tda39o1rnauv | However, some schools have student present to a panel of their peers. Schools and school districts have total discretion to format the process in a way that works best for their students and their school culture. In some cases, students complete a project on their own with the support of a mentor from their community. | Culminating project |
c_ddoze0re38ex | Some schools allow group projects and group presentation. For example, it would not be uncommon for the leadership class of a school to raise funds to build a school in Africa. Other requirements include a mandatory social/community aspect related to the project which means the high school graduation project has to ben... | Culminating project |
c_u3j7ibwjdrvf | Parallel Intelligence in distributed AI systems allows multiple agents to work concurrently on a problem, enhancing the speed and efficacy of the solution. | Parallel Intelligence |
c_cz4dnzvtu7n2 | Parallel Intelligence (PI) is constructed from the interactions and entanglement between actual systems and artificial systems. This chapter summarizes the research on PI and CPHS over the past 20 years. After a brief description of the history and framework, various applications are presented along eight aspects: para... | Parallel Intelligence |
c_uat62epulkni | The origin of artificial intelligence is investigated, based on which the concepts of hybrid intelligence and parallel intelligence are presented. The paradigm shift in Intelligence indicates the "new normal" of cyber-social-physical systems (CPSS), in which the system behaviors are guided by Merton's Laws. Thus, the A... | Parallel Intelligence |
c_3zftwm54wbm0 | While Parallel Intelligence holds significant promise, it also poses challenges and raises ethical considerations. One challenge is the effective coordination and integration of different intelligent entities, as each may have its own goals, biases, and limitations. Ensuring seamless collaboration and avoiding conflict... | Parallel Intelligence |
c_w99k1nk8j22z | Coloniality of knowledge is a concept that Peruvian sociologist Anibal Quijano developed and adapted to contemporary decolonial thinking. The concept critiques what proponents call the Eurocentric system of knowledge, arguing the legacy of colonialism survives within the domains of knowledge. For decolonial scholars, t... | Coloniality of knowledge |
c_n0snkdnp6259 | According to Fregoso Bailón and De Lissovoy, Hatuey, a Taíno indigenous warrior from the colonial island La Española, which contains Haiti and the Dominican Republic, was among the first to perceive "Western knowledge as a colonial discourse". Inspired by Hatuey, Antonio de Montesinos began his career as an educator in... | Coloniality of knowledge |
c_5tptnvmxqw99 | Quijano expanded on this insight and advanced the critique of intellectual dimensions of colonialism.The concept of coloniality of knowledge is derived from the theories of coloniality. The idea of coloniality or "global coloniality" consists of coloniality of power, coloniality of being, and coloniality of knowledge. ... | Coloniality of knowledge |
c_bdipjrmos8h9 | According to Quijano, colonialism has had a particular influence on colonized cultures' modes of knowing, knowledge production, perspectives, visions; and systems of images, symbols, and modes of signification; along with their resources, patterns, and instruments of formalized and objectivised expression. For Quijano,... | Coloniality of knowledge |
c_ulgpw89rnwcf | This persists in numerous "colonial situations" in which individuals and groups in historically colonized regions are excluded and exploited. Decolonial scholars refer to this ongoing legacy of colonialism as "coloniality", which describes colonialism's perceived legacy of oppression and exploitation across many inter-... | Coloniality of knowledge |
c_911fdf9uhlxl | For Nelson Maldonado-Torres, coloniality denotes the long-standing power structures that developed as a result of colonialism but continue to have an impact on culture, labor, interpersonal relations, and knowledge production that extends far beyond the formal boundaries of colonial administrations. It lives on in lite... | Coloniality of knowledge |
c_o6mmnynv72s0 | Karen Tucker identifies the "coloniality of knowledge" as "one of multiple, intersecting forms of oppression" within a system of "global coloniality". The coloniality of knowledge "appropriates meaning" in the same manner as coloniality of power "takes authority, appropriates land, and exploits labor".The coloniality o... | Coloniality of knowledge |
c_ing67bjaehs2 | According to this theory, these categories and attitudes are "Eurocentric constructions" that are intrinsically infused with what may be called the "colonial will to dominate". Decolonial theorists refer to "Eurocentric knowledge system", which they believe had assigned the creation of knowledge to Europeans and priori... | Coloniality of knowledge |
c_kdb68fz9s77j | This resulted in the denial of knowledge creation to conquered peoples on the one hand, and the repression of traditional forms of knowledge production on the other, based on the hierarchical structure's superiority/inferiority relationship.Quijano characterizes Eurocentric knowledge as a "specific rationality or persp... | Coloniality of knowledge |
c_fpuaabvdvb0h | Similarly, it codifies the relationship between Western Europe and "non-Europe" as one between subject and object, perpetuating the myth that Western Europe is the only source of reliable knowledge. For Quijano, the "Western epistemological paradigm" suggests: only European culture is rational, it can contain "subjects... | Coloniality of knowledge |
c_hf0tv8hcm7bu | As a consequence, the other cultures are different in the sense that they are unequal, in fact inferior, by nature. They only can be "objects" of knowledge or/and of domination practices. From that perspective, the relation between European culture and the other cultures was established and has been maintained, as a re... | Coloniality of knowledge |
c_i1q6x7e6k4co | It blocked, therefore, every relation of communication, of interchange of knowledge and of modes of producing knowledge between the cultures, since the paradigm implies that between "subject" and "object" there can be but a relation of externality. The subject-object dualism proposed by Quijano and other decolonial thi... | Coloniality of knowledge |
c_hnuduftllyj2 | Before Lyotard, Vattimo and Derrida in Europe, the Argentine Enrique Dussel signalled the consequences of Heidegger's critique of Western metaphysics and drew attention to the intrinsic relation between the modern subject of the Enlightenment and European colonial power. Behind the Cartesian ego cogito, which inaugurat... | Coloniality of knowledge |
c_knh6awkyd25w | The modern ego cogito thus becomes the will to power: "I think" is equivalent to "I conquer", the epistemic foundation upon which European domination has been based since the 16th century. According to the decolonial perspective, coloniality of knowledge thus refers to historically entrenched and racially driven intell... | Coloniality of knowledge |
c_bnmhnfktym6s | Sarah Lucia Hoagland identified four aspects of the coloniality of "Anglo-European knowledge practice": The coloniality of knowledge entails Anglo-Eurocentric practices, in which "the only discourse for articulating Third World women's lives is a norming and normative Anglo-European one". For Hoagland, Western research... | Coloniality of knowledge |
c_keb8lww0ysra | The research subject is analyzed solely through the perspective of rationality as defined by modern epistemology. Hoagland cites Anibal Quijano, who argues the coloniality of knowledge practices began with the Spanish colonization of the Americas in the fifteenth century, making it "unthinkable to accept the idea that ... | Coloniality of knowledge |
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