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In Afghanistan and remote areas of Pakistan, women may be exchanged in compensation for a debt or offence such as murder. This practice is known as swara. Pakistan's constitution prohibits this with a penalty of 3 to 10 years of imprisonment but the custom still persists. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exchange_of_women |
The exchange of women in the course of male bonding appears as a theme in the novels The Great Gatsby and Tropic of Capricorn. Indecent Proposal and other female-barter movies were criticized for promoting this theme. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exchange_of_women |
Entandrophragma cylindricum is a tree of the genus Entandrophragma of the family Meliaceae. It is commonly known as sapele or sapelli ( sə-PEE-lee) or sapele mahogany, as well as aboudikro, assi, and muyovu. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapele |
The name sapele comes from that of the city of Sapele in Nigeria, where there is a preponderance of the tree. African Timber and Plywood (AT&P), a division of the United Africa Company, had a factory at this location where the wood, along with Triplochiton scleroxylon, Obeche, mahogany, and Khaya was processed into tim... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapele |
Entandrophragma cylindricum is native to tropical Africa. There are protected populations and felling restrictions in place in various countries. The species grows to a height of up to 45 m. In Ghana it has been reported to reach 198 feet (sixty meters) in height. The leaves are deciduous in the dry season, alternately... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapele |
This commercially important hardwood is reminiscent of mahogany, and is a part of the same Meliaceae family. It is darker in tone and has a distinctive figure, typically applied where figure is important. Sapele is particularly prized for a lustrous iridescence with colors that range from light pink to brown and gold t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapele |
Demand for sapele increased as a mahogany substitute in recent years due to genuine mahogany becoming a CITES Appendix II listed species. It is used in the manufacture of furniture, joinery, veneers, luxury flooring, musical instruments, and boat building. Among its more exotic uses is in musical instruments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapele |
It is used for the back and sides (and sometimes top) of acoustic guitar bodies, as well as the bodies of electric guitars. It is also used in manufacturing the neck piece of ukuleles and 26- and 36-string harps. In the late 1990s, it started to be used as a board for Basque percussion instruments txalaparta. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapele |
Monsignor McGolrick Park is located in Greenpoint, Brooklyn, in New York City, between Driggs Avenue to the south, Russell Street to the west, Nassau Avenue to the north, and Monitor Street to the east. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McGolrick_Park |
The land for the park was acquired by the city in 1889 and the park was open by 1891. It was originally named Winthrop Park after an assemblyman, Col. Winthrop Jones, who acquired the land for purchase and who happened to be the son of the Parks Commissioner. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McGolrick_Park |
Jones died in 1890, shortly after the park's creation. In 1941 the park was renamed for Monsignor Edward J. McGolrick (1857-1938), the longtime pastor of nearby St. Cecilia's Roman Catholic Church. Winthrop Jones had had no children, and so left no family in Greenpoint to oppose the renaming of the park he had helped e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McGolrick_Park |
The classical brick and limestone Shelter Pavilion was built in 1910 by Helmle and Huberty. It was designated a New York City Landmark in 1966 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. It was rehabilitated in 1985. West of the pavilion stands a bronze winged victory figure created by Carl Augustus... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McGolrick_Park |
The monument honors the 150 residents of Greenpoint, Brooklyn who fought in World War I. The statue depicts a female allegorical figure, holding aloft a modified laurel, a symbol of victory, and in her right hand supporting a large palm frond, a symbol of peace. The granite pedestal is inscribed with the names of battl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McGolrick_Park |
A health system, health care system or healthcare system is an organization of people, institutions, and resources that delivers health care services to meet the health needs of target populations. There is a wide variety of health systems around the world, with as many histories and organizational structures as there ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_system |
In contrast, in other regions, a collaborative endeavor exists among governmental entities, labor unions, philanthropic organizations, religious institutions, or other organized bodies, aimed at the meticulous provision of healthcare services tailored to the specific needs of their respective populations. Nevertheless,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_system |
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the directing and coordinating authority for health within the United Nations system, healthcare systems' goals are good health for the citizens, responsiveness to the expectations of the population, and fair means of funding operations. Progress towards them depends on... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_system |
Often health system has been defined with a reductionist perspective. Some authors have developed arguments to expand the concept of health systems, indicating additional dimensions that should be considered: Health systems should not be expressed in terms of their components only, but also of their interrelationships;... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_system |
The World Health Organization defines health systems as follows: A health system consists of all organizations, people and actions whose primary intent is to promote, restore or maintain health. This includes efforts to influence determinants of health as well as more direct health-improving activities. A health system... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_system |
There are generally five primary methods of funding health systems: general taxation to the state, county or municipality national health insurance voluntary or private health insurance out-of-pocket payments donations to charitiesMost countries' systems feature a mix of all five models. One study based on data from th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_system |
Another study examining single payer and multi payer systems in OECD countries found that single payer systems have significantly less hospital beds per 100,000 people than in multi payer systems.The term health insurance is generally used to describe a form of insurance that pays for medical expenses. It is sometimes ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_system |
It may be obtained on a group basis (e.g., by a firm to cover its employees) or purchased by individual consumers. In each case premiums or taxes protect the insured from high or unexpected health care expenses.Through the calculation of the comprehensive cost of healthcare expenditures, it becomes feasible to construc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_system |
Typically, the administration of these benefits is overseen by a government agency, a nonprofit health fund, or a commercial corporation.Many commercial health insurers control their costs by restricting the benefits provided, by such means as deductibles, co-payments, coinsurance, policy exclusions, and total coverage... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_system |
The larger insurance systems may also negotiate fees with providers.Many forms of social insurance systems control their costs by using the bargaining power of the community they are intended to serve to control costs in the health care delivery system. They may attempt to do so by, for example, negotiating drug prices... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_system |
Essentially the wealthier users pay proportionately more into the system to cover the needs of the poorer users who therefore contribute proportionately less. There are usually caps on the contributions of the wealthy and minimum payments that must be made by the insured (often in the form of a minimum contribution, si... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_system |
In most countries, wage costs for healthcare practitioners are estimated to represent between 65% and 80% of renewable health system expenditures. There are three ways to pay medical practitioners: fee for service, capitation, and salary. There has been growing interest in blending elements of these systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_system |
Fee-for-service arrangements pay general practitioners (GPs) based on the service. They are even more widely used for specialists working in ambulatory care.There are two ways to set fee levels: By individual practitioners. Central negotiations (as in Japan, Germany, Canada and in France) or hybrid model (such as in Au... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_system |
In capitation payment systems, GPs are paid for each patient on their "list", usually with adjustments for factors such as age and gender. According to OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development), "these systems are used in Italy (with some fees), in all four countries of the United Kingdom (with some... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_system |
However, under this approach, GPs may register too many patients and under-serve them, select the better risks and refer on patients who could have been treated by the GP directly. Freedom of consumer choice over doctors, coupled with the principle of "money following the patient" may moderate some of these risks. Asid... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_system |
In several OECD countries, general practitioners (GPs) are employed on salaries for the government. According to OECD, "Salary arrangements allow funders to control primary care costs directly; however, they may lead to under-provision of services (to ease workloads), excessive referrals to secondary providers and lack... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_system |
In recent years, providers have been switching from fee-for-service payment models to a value-based care payment system, where they are compensated for providing value to patients. In this system, providers are given incentives to close gaps in care and provide better quality care for patients. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_system |
Expand the OECD charts below to see the breakdown: "Government/compulsory": Government spending and compulsory health insurance. "Voluntary": Voluntary health insurance and private funds such as households' out-of-pocket payments, NGOs and private corporations. They are represented by columns starting at zero. They are... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_system |
The 2 are combined to get the total. At the source you can run your cursor over the columns to get the year and the total for that country. Click the table tab at the source to get 3 lists (one after another) of amounts by country: "Total", "Government/compulsory", and "Voluntary". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_system |
Sound information plays an increasingly critical role in the delivery of modern health care and efficiency of health systems. Health informatics – the intersection of information science, medicine and healthcare – deals with the resources, devices, and methods required to optimize the acquisition and use of information... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_system |
The management of any health system is typically directed through a set of policies and plans adopted by government, private sector business and other groups in areas such as personal healthcare delivery and financing, pharmaceuticals, health human resources, and public health.Public health is concerned with threats to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_system |
Today, most governments recognize the importance of public health programs in reducing the incidence of disease, disability, the effects of ageing and health inequities, although public health generally receives significantly less government funding compared with medicine. For example, most countries have a vaccination... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_system |
Some governments pay all or part of the costs for vaccines in a national vaccination schedule. The rapid emergence of many chronic diseases, which require costly long-term care and treatment, is making many health managers and policy makers re-examine their healthcare delivery practices. An important health issue facin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_system |
Another major public health concern is diabetes. In 2006, according to the World Health Organization, at least 171 million people worldwide had diabetes. Its incidence is increasing rapidly, and it is estimated that by 2030, this number will double. A controversial aspect of public health is the control of tobacco smok... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_system |
Since 2000, more and more initiatives have been taken at the international and national levels in order to strengthen national health systems as the core components of the global health system. Having this scope in mind, it is essential to have a clear, and unrestricted, vision of national health systems that might gen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_system |
In complex systems path dependency, emergent properties and other non-linear patterns are seen, which can lead to the development of inappropriate guidelines for developing responsive health systems.An increasing number of tools and guidelines are being published by international agencies and development partners to as... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_system |
Healthcare services often implement Quality Improvement Initiatives to overcome this policy implementation gap. Although many of these initiatives deliver improved healthcare, a large proportion fail to be sustained. Numerous tools and frameworks have been created to respond to this challenge and increase improvement l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_system |
One tool highlighted the need for these tools to respond to user preferences and settings to optimize impact.Health Policy and Systems Research (HPSR) is an emerging multidisciplinary field that challenges 'disciplinary capture' by dominant health research traditions, arguing that these traditions generate premature an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_system |
Health systems can vary substantially from country to country, and in the last few years, comparisons have been made on an international basis. The World Health Organization, in its World Health Report 2000, provided a ranking of health systems around the world according to criteria of the overall level and distributio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_system |
Direct comparisons of health statistics across nations are complex. The Commonwealth Fund, in its annual survey, "Mirror, Mirror on the Wall", compares the performance of the health systems in Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Germany, Canada and the United States. Its 2007 study found that, although the Unit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_system |
A major difference between the United States and the other countries in the study is that the United States is the only country without universal health care. The OECD also collects comparative statistics, and has published brief country profiles. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_system |
Health Consumer Powerhouse makes comparisons between both national health care systems in the Euro health consumer index and specific areas of health care such as diabetes or hepatitis.Ipsos MORI produces an annual study of public perceptions of healthcare services across 30 countries. Physicians and hospital beds per ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_system |
Weaving is a behaviour in horses that is classified as a stable vice, in which the horse repetitively sways on its forelegs, shifting its weight back and forth by moving the head and neck side to side. It may also include swaying of the rest of the body and picking up the front legs. Some horses exhibit non-stereotypic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weaving_(horse) |
Ultimately, the domestication of horses is considered to be the cause of stable vices such as weaving. There are no reports of wild horses displaying weaving behaviour, mainly because these horses are in their natural state, i.e. they are not confined or on a schedule. Domesticated horses are often housed in stalls (ty... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weaving_(horse) |
Horses tend to weave near the door of their stall, possibly because they desire to leave the stall to move around. Horses also sometimes weave near a window to the aisle or the exterior of the stable, which would provide visual stimulation. Stress during critical periods such as weaning may also contribute to the devel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weaving_(horse) |
Many equestrians believe weaving is a learned habit. However, some experts theorize that weaving could more likely develop in horses with a genetic predisposition to it. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weaving_(horse) |
Thus, there is a debate over whether weaving is a learned behavior that horses pick up by observing another horse who weaves, or if it is an inborn tendency that develops under a certain set of environmental conditions. These two arguments fail to take into account the fact that most behaviours can be both genetically ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weaving_(horse) |
Horses that exhibit non-stereotypical weaving do not necessarily begin after watching another horse weaving (stereotypical or non-stereotypical), suggesting that horses can begin weaving without learning it from another horse.Some people claim that it is usually safe to allow other horses to see a weaver, unless it is ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weaving_(horse) |
Weaving is generally not a very damaging vice over short periods of time, but horses that are consistent weavers may show abnormal hoof wear, and stress on their joints (which can cause lameness). Damage to the stall floor may also occur. The overall value of a horse is not necessarily diminished by its weaving, but th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weaving_(horse) |
Like most vices, weaving is a very difficult habit to break, and may not disappear even after the original problem has been resolved. However, there are several ways to manage a weaver and reduce its stress: Allow a weaver to see other horses, even if he is stalled separately. Provide a companion for the horse, if poss... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weaving_(horse) |
Provide visual stimulation. In a stall, an open window often helps the situation. Keep the horse occupied when stalled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weaving_(horse) |
For example, provide a good quality continuous hay or a toy. Allow the horse to spend more time outside of its stall. This mimics a horses natural environment and should reduce stress levels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weaving_(horse) |
Hanging a mirror in a stall often helps weaving, because the horse believes there is a nearby horse. This trick is often very effective, and recent studies in the UK have demonstrated that it can reduce weaving by 97%. Note that the mirror should be made from stainless steel to minimize safety concerns. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weaving_(horse) |
Feed a high quality, high fiber hay and/or grain to reduce feeding frustration. Consistent feeding times and quality is important, and try to find ways to increase eating time (hay nets). Try not to feed wean-age horses concentrated feed (grain), as this can increase stress levels and frustration. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weaving_(horse) |
Alter stall design if horse weaves over door. 'V'-shaped anti-weaving bars prevent weaving. This method is strictly a prevention, and may actually increase the horses frustration. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weaving_(horse) |
Increasing horses exercise, especially if it has limited turnout time during the day. Pay particular attention to lowering levels of stress during critical periods in a horses life, especially during weaning. Gradual weaning techniques have been shown to reduce the risk of developing stable vices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weaving_(horse) |
Manor Garden Allotments were allotment gardens occupying 4.5 acres (18,000 m2) between the River Lea and the Channelsea River in Hackney Wick, London, England. They are also sometimes referred to as Eastway Allotments, particularly in the 2012 Summer Olympics planning application documents. They were demolished to make... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manor_Garden_Allotments |
At the time of eviction the site was owned by Lee Valley Regional Park Authority. The "Eastway Allotments" were known more locally as "Abbott's Shoot" or "Bully Fen". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manor_Garden_Allotments |
The gardens were established in 1924 by Major Arthur Villiers, director of Barings Bank and philanthropist, to provide small parcels of land for local people in that deprived area to grow vegetables. In keeping with conditions of Villiers' bequeathal that the allotments be maintained in perpetuity, the 80 individual pl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manor_Garden_Allotments |
However, in keeping with the area's increasing diversity, numerous more recent joiners represented a wide variety of ethnic backgrounds. The site was managed by the Manor Gardening Society, through an elected Committee who saw to the business of keeping the site and issuing tenancies to new gardeners. The promontory lo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manor_Garden_Allotments |
The character of the place was semi-rural, enhanced by Villers planting plum trees down the banks of the tidal Lea, and its occupants allowing wild hedgerow to flourish alongside the vegetable gardens. This created a haven for wildlife like many of the hidden pockets of wild land in that area. Major Arthur Villiers was... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manor_Garden_Allotments |
In the 1920s an area of Hackney Marshes was converted from a dumping ground into the Eton Manor Sports Ground. During the London 2012 Summer Olympics, the site which had fallen into disrepair from 1967 when Arthur Villiers died, became the Paralympic Tennis Venue. From 2014 the Eton Manor site will become the Lee Valle... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manor_Garden_Allotments |
The Manor Garden Allotments were demolished in October 2007 to make way for landscaping for the London Olympics Park and the tenants moved to a temporary site two kilometres away in London Borough of Waltham Forest. The proposal was fought by the plotholders and a support group named Lifeisland presented an electronic ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manor_Garden_Allotments |
A small group of gardeners were permitted to enter the site and tend crops for one last season. It was notable that for this period the site became a haven for the wildlife that also had to yield habitat as the Olympic land clearances got under way. It was agreed that the allotments would be reinstated on the original ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manor_Garden_Allotments |
Obligations were undertaken by both the London Development Agency and the Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA) to make provision for allotments within the Olympic Park 'greater in quality and quantity'. A promise of 2.1 hectares provision, and an offer of an equivalent replacement plot to all tenants evicted from the Eastw... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manor_Garden_Allotments |
In the 2009 approved planning permissions for the Olympic Park allotment sites featured at Eton Manor and Pudding Mill Lane - these represented the 2.1 Hectares re-provision promised by the ODA (Olympic Delivery Authority). The intended provision was to be delivered by December 2014. It had long been understood that Le... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manor_Garden_Allotments |
By March 2014 the planning authority for the area (London Legacy Development Corporation) had received an application from London Borough of Waltham Forest that would eliminate the Eton Manor Allotments from the plans, reducing the post-Olympic provision from 2.1 to 0.9 Hectares. Despite protestations from Manor Garden... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manor_Garden_Allotments |
NPU terminology (NPU: Nomenclature for Properties and Units) is a patient centered clinical laboratory terminology for use in the clinical laboratory sciences. Its function is to enable results of clinical laboratory examinations to be used safely across technology, time and geography. To achieve this, the NPU terminol... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPU_terminology |
The purpose of the NPU terminology is to enable patient examination data to be safely transmitted between laboratory information systems, recognized, compared, reused in calculations, extracted for research or statistics, and stored for documentation, without loss of meaning. It does not cover sampling procedures or me... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPU_terminology |
It currently includes over 17 000 entries widely covering multiple disciplines in the field of clinical laboratory science including: Clinical Allergology Clinical Chemistry Clinical Haematology Clinical Immunology and Blood Banking Clinical Microbiology Clinical Pharmacology Molecular Biology and Genetics Reproduction... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPU_terminology |
Most countries currently strive to implement eHealth systems for electronic management and communication of healthcare information. The primary drivers for adoption of Electronic Health Records (EHR) and supporting infrastructure include: Drive to improve quality of patient care Need to contain burgeoning healthcare co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPU_terminology |
The NPU Terminology is owned by both the IFCC and IUPAC. It is governed by the NPU Steering Committee, which consists of representatives from key NPU stakeholders including IFCC, IUPAC, C-SC-NPU, and countries with recognized national release centers. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPU_terminology |
Each NPU entry holds a structured definition of the 'result type' it identifies. The definitions are expressed using well established concepts and terms from the field of laboratory medicine. References to internationally acknowledged classifications, nomenclatures and terminologies are filed where possible. This ensur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPU_terminology |
Body temperature of a patient NPU08676 Patient—Body; Celsius temperature = ? degree Celsius Erythrocyte cell count in patient blood NPU01960 Blood—Erythrocytes; number concentration = ? x 1012 per litre Concentration of 'Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain' in patient blood plasma NPU28109 Plasma—Glycoprotein hormones al... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPU_terminology |
= ? °C (Code: NPU08676) B—Erythrocytes; num.c. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPU_terminology |
= ? × 1012/L (Code: NPU01960) P—Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain; mass c. = ? μg/L (Code: NPU28109) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPU_terminology |
A key benefit of the NPU terminology is clear definition of terms. Codes are generally only applied where a clear external database reference is available for unequivocal definition of terms. Example 1: In the items listed above, the reference for 'Blood' is 'Medical Subject Headings database (MESH), ID D001769' which ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPU_terminology |
The English NPU definition structure allows for easy and reliable translation of the NPU definitions into other languages; translating each term in the structured NPU definition into another language will produce a valid definition in that language. The concept behind each term in the definition can be determined and a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPU_terminology |
C-NPU has been managing the development of structured definitions for laboratory result information for the IFCC and IUPAC and making recommendations through papers, recommendations, and technical reports. These mostly joint documents are available from the old IUPAC website . While these documents formed the foundatio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPU_terminology |
The day-to-day administration of the NPU Terminology has for many years been carried out by representatives from the Danish Board of Health with input from the advising NPU committee. The NPU terminology is in nationwide use in laboratories, messages and national registers in Denmark and Sweden (which were also heavily... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPU_terminology |
Alterity is a philosophical and anthropological term meaning "otherness", that is, the "other of two" (Latin alter). It is also increasingly being used in media to express something other than "sameness", or something outside of tradition or convention. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alterity |
Within the phenomenological tradition, alterity is usually understood as the entity in contrast to which an identity is constructed, and it implies the ability to distinguish between self and not-self, and consequently to assume the existence of an alternative viewpoint. The concept was further developed by Emmanuel Le... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alterity |
For Cornelius Castoriadis (L'institution imaginaire de la société, 1975; The Imaginary Institution of Society, 1997) radical alterity/otherness (French: altérité radicale) denotes the element of creativity in history: "For what is given in and through history is not the determined sequence of the determined but the eme... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alterity |
For Jean Baudrillard (Figures de l'alterité, 1994; Radical Alterity, 2008), alterity is a precious and transcendent element and its loss would seriously impoverish a world culture of increasing sameness and "arrogant, insular cultural narcissism." | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alterity |
Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak's theory of alterity was introduced in a 2014 symposium titled Remaking History, the intention of which was to challenge the masculine orthodoxy of history writing.According to Spivak, it is imperative for one to uncover the histories and inherent historical behaviors in order to exercise an ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alterity |
I cannot claim disciplinary expertise in remaking history in the sense of rewriting it. But I can be used as an example of how historical narratives are negotiated. The parents of my parents' grandparents' grandparents were made over, not always without their consent, by the political, fiscal and educational interventi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alterity |
Thus I am, in the strictest sense, a postcolonial. "Spivak uses four "master words" to identify the modes of being that create alterity: "Nationalism, Internationalism, Secularism and Culturalism." Furthermore, tools for developing alternative histories include: "gender, race, ethnicity, class". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alterity |
Jeffery Nealon, in Alterity Politics: Ethics and Performative Subjectivity, argues that "ethics is constituted as an inexorable affirmative response to different identities, not through an inability to understand or totalize the other." There is included a long article on alterity in the University of Chicago's Theorie... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alterity |
This is not out of place because, for believers in the Judeo-Christian tradition, God is the ultimate 'Other'. Alterity has also been used to describe the goal of many Christians, to become themselves deeply "other" than the usual norms of behavior and patterns of thought of the secular culture at large. Enzo Bianchi i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alterity |
Jadranka Skorin-Kapov in The Aesthetics of Desire and Surprise: Phenomenology and Speculation, relates alterity or otherness to newness and surprise, "The signification of the encounter with otherness is not in its novelty (or banal newness); on the contrary, newness has signification because it reveals otherness, beca... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alterity |
In anthropology, alterity has been used by scholars such as Nicholas Dirks, Johannes Fabian, Michael Taussig and Pauline Turner Strong to refer to the construction of "cultural others". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alterity |
The term has gained further use in seemingly somewhat remote disciplines, e.g., historical musicology where it is employed by John Michael Cooper in a study of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Felix Mendelssohn. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alterity |
Zaum (Russian: за́умь, lit. 'transrational') are the linguistic experiments in sound symbolism and language creation of Russian Cubo-Futurist poets such as Velimir Khlebnikov and Aleksei Kruchenykh. Zaum is a non-referential phonetic entity with its own ontology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaum |
The language consists of neologisms that mean nothing. Zaum is a language organized through phonetic analogy and rhythm. Zaum literature cannot contain any onomatopoeia or psychopathological states. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaum |
Aleksei Kruchenykh created Zaum in order to show that language was indefinite and indeterminate.Kruchenykh stated that when creating Zaum, he decided to forgo grammar and syntax rules. He wanted to convey the disorder of life by introducing disorder into the language. Kruchenykh considered Zaum to be the manifestation ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaum |
The poetic output is perhaps comparable to that of the contemporary Dadaism but the linguistic theory or metaphysics behind zaum was entirely devoid of the gentle reflexive irony of that movement and in all seriousness intended to recover the sound symbolism of a lost aboriginal tongue. Exhibiting traits of a Slavic na... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaum |
These pamphlets combine poetry, illustrations, and theory.In modern times, since 1962 Serge Segay was creating zaum poetry. Rea Nikonova started creating zaum verses probably a bit later, around 1964. Their zaum poetry can be seen e.g. in issues of the famous "Transponans" samizdat magazine. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaum |
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