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Hillel accepted him as a candidate for conversion to Judaism but, drawing on Leviticus 19:18, briefed the man: What is hateful to you, do not do to your fellow: this is the whole Torah; the rest is the explanation; go and learn. Hillel recognized brotherly love as the fundamental principle of Jewish ethics. Rabbi Akiva... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
According to Jewish rabbinic literature, the first man Adam represents the unity of mankind. This is echoed in the modern preamble of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. And it is also taught, that Adam is last in order according to the evolutionary character of God's creation:Why was only a single specimen of m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
To teach us that he who destroys a single soul destroys a whole world and that he who saves a single soul saves a whole world; furthermore, so no race or class may claim a nobler ancestry, saying, 'Our father was born first'; and, finally, to give testimony to the greatness of the Lord, who caused the wonderful diversi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
The Jewish Publication Society's edition of Leviticus states:Thou shalt not hate thy brother, in thy heart; thou shalt surely rebuke thy neighbour, and not bear sin because of him. 18 Thou shalt not take vengeance, nor bear any grudge against the children of thy people, but thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself: I a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
The "Golden Rule" was proclaimed by Jesus of Nazareth during his Sermon on the Mount and described by him as the second great commandment. The common English phrasing is "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you". A similar form of the phrase appeared in a Catholic catechism around 1567 (certainly in the repri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
Or, in Leviticus 19:34: "But treat them just as you treat your own citizens. Love foreigners as you love yourselves, because you were foreigners one time in Egypt. I am the Lord your God. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
".The Old Testament Deuterocanonical books of Tobit and Sirach, accepted as part of the Scriptural canon by Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodoxy, and the Non-Chalcedonian Churches, express a negative form of the golden rule: "Do to no one what you yourself dislike." Recognize that your neighbor feels as you do, and keep ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
This is the meaning of the law of Moses and the teaching of the prophets. And as ye would that men should do to you, do ye also to them likewise. A similar passage, a parallel to the Great Commandment, is Luke 10:25. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
Behold, a certain lawyer stood up and tested him, saying, "Teacher, what shall I do to inherit eternal life?" He said to him, "What is written in the law? How do you read it?" | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
He answered, "You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your strength, and with all your mind; and love your neighbor as yourself." He said to him, "You have answered correctly. Do this, and you will live." | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
The passage in the book of Luke then continues with Jesus answering the question, "Who is my neighbor? ", by telling the parable of the Good Samaritan, which John Wesley interprets as meaning that "your neighbor" is anyone in need.Jesus' teaching goes beyond the negative formulation of not doing what one would not like... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
The Arabian peninsula was known to not practice the golden rule prior to the advent of Islam. According to Th. Emil Homerin: "Pre-Islamic Arabs regarded the survival of the tribe, as most essential and to be ensured by the ancient rite of blood vengeance." Homerin goes on to say: Similar examples of the golden rule are... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
The hadith recount what the prophet is believed to have said and done, and traditionally Muslims regard the hadith as second to only the Qur'an as a guide to correct belief and action. From the hadith, the collected oral and written accounts of Muhammad and his teachings during his lifetime: A Bedouin came to the proph... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
Prophet said: "As you would have people do to you, do to them; and what you dislike to be done to you, don't do to them. Now let the stirrup go! " None of you believes until he wishes for his brother what he wishes for himself. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
Seek for mankind that of which you are desirous for yourself, that you may be a believer. That which you want for yourself, seek for mankind. The most righteous person is the one who consents for other people what he consents for himself, and who dislikes for them what he dislikes for himself. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
Ali ibn Abi Talib (4th Caliph in Sunni Islam, and first Imam in Shia Islam) says: O my child, make yourself the measure (for dealings) between you and others. Thus, you should desire for others what you desire for yourself and hate for others what you hate for yourself. Do not oppress as you do not like to be oppressed... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
Do good to others as you would like good to be done to you. Regard bad for yourself whatever you regard bad for others. Accept that (treatment) from others which you would like others to accept from you ... Do not say to others what you do not like to be said to you. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
The writings of the Baháʼí Faith encourage everyone to treat others as they would treat themselves and even prefer others over oneself: O SON OF MAN! Deny not My servant should he ask anything from thee, for his face is My face; be then abashed before Me. Blessed is he who preferreth his brother before himself. And if ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
One should never do that to another which one regards as injurious to one's own self. This, in brief, is the rule of dharma. Other behavior is due to selfish desires. By making dharma your main focus, treat others as you treat yourself Also, If the entire Dharma can be said in a few words, then it is—that which is unfa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
Buddha (Siddhartha Gautama, c. 623–543 BCE) made the negative formulation of the golden rule one of the cornerstones of his ethics in the 6th century BCE. It occurs in many places and in many forms throughout the Tripitaka. Comparing oneself to others in such terms as "Just as I am so are they, just as they are so am I... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
One who, while himself seeking happiness, oppresses with violence other beings who also desire happiness, will not attain happiness hereafter. Hurt not others in ways that you yourself would find hurtful. Putting oneself in the place of another, one should not kill nor cause another to kill. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
The Golden Rule is paramount in the Jainist philosophy and can be seen in the doctrines of ahimsa and karma. As part of the prohibition of causing any living beings to suffer, Jainism forbids inflicting upon others what is harmful to oneself. The following line from the Acaranga Sutra sums up the philosophy of Jainism:... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
If you say "yes it is", it would be a lie. If you say, "No, It is not" you will be expressing the truth. Just as sorrow or pain is not desirable to you, so it is to all which breathe, exist, live or have any essence of life. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
To you and all, it is undesirable, and painful, and repugnant. A man should wander about treating all creatures as he himself would be treated. In happiness and suffering, in joy and grief, we should regard all creatures as we regard our own self. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
Precious like jewels are the minds of all. To hurt them is not at all good. If thou desirest thy Beloved, then hurt thou not anyone's heart. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
The same idea is also presented in V.12 and VI.30 of the Analects (c. 500 BCE), which can be found in the online Chinese Text Project. The phraseology differs from the Christian version of the Golden Rule. It does not presume to do anything unto others, but merely to avoid doing what would be harmful. It does not precl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
The sage has no interest of his own, but takes the interests of the people as his own. He is kind to the kind; he is also kind to the unkind: for Virtue is kind. He is faithful to the faithful; he is also faithful to the unfaithful: for Virtue is faithful. Regard your neighbor's gain as your own gain, and your neighbor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
If people regarded other people's states in the same way that they regard their own, who then would incite their own state to attack that of another? For one would do for others as one would do for oneself. If people regarded other people's cities in the same way that they regard their own, who then would incite their ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
If people regarded other people's families in the same way that they regard their own, who then would incite their own family to attack that of another? For one would do for others as one would do for oneself. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
And so if states and cities do not attack one another and families do not wreak havoc upon and steal from one another, would this be a harm to the world or a benefit? Of course one must say it is a benefit to the world. Mozi regarded the golden rule as a corollary to the cardinal virtue of impartiality, and encouraged ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
Do not do unto others whatever is injurious to yourself. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
Hear ye these words and heed them well, the words of Dea, thy Mother Goddess, "I command thee thus, O children of the Earth, that that which ye deem harmful unto thyself, the very same shall ye be forbidden from doing unto another, for violence and hatred give rise to the same. My command is thus, that ye shall return ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
Try not to do things to others that you would not like them to do to you. Try to treat others as you would want them to treat you. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
One who is going to take a pointed stick to pinch a baby bird should first try it on himself to feel how it hurts. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
The "Declaration Toward a Global Ethic" from the Parliament of the World's Religions (1993) proclaimed the Golden Rule ("We must treat others as we wish others to treat us") as the common principle for many religions. The Initial Declaration was signed by 143 leaders from all of the world's major faiths, including Bahá... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
In the view of Greg M. Epstein, a Humanist chaplain at Harvard University, " 'do unto others' ... is a concept that essentially no religion misses entirely. But not a single one of these versions of the golden rule requires a God". Various sources identify the Golden Rule as a humanist principle: Trying to live accordi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
And although it isn't possible to know what it really feels like to be a different person or live in different circumstances and have different life experiences, it isn't difficult for most of us to imagine what would cause us suffering and to try to avoid causing suffering to others. For this reason many people find t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
(…) the single greatest, simplest, and most important moral axiom humanity has ever invented, one which reappears in the writings of almost every culture and religion throughout history, the one we know as the Golden Rule. Moral directives do not need to be complex or obscure to be worthwhile, and in fact, it is precis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
The idea behind it is readily graspable: before performing an action which might harm another person, try to imagine yourself in their position, and consider whether you would want to be the recipient of that action. If you would not want to be in such a position, the other person probably would not either, and so you ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
When we say that man chooses for himself, we do mean that every one of us must choose himself; but by that we also mean that in choosing for himself he chooses for all men. For in effect, of all the actions a man may take in order to create himself as he wills to be, there is not one which is not creative, at the same ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
John Stuart Mill in his book, Utilitarianism (originally published in 1861), wrote, "In the golden rule of Jesus of Nazareth, we read the complete spirit of the ethics of utility. 'To do as you would be done by,' and 'to love your neighbour as yourself,' constitute the ideal perfection of utilitarian morality." | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
According to Marc H. Bornstein, and William E. Paden, the Golden Rule is arguably the most essential basis for the modern concept of human rights, in which each individual has a right to just treatment, and a reciprocal responsibility to ensure justice for others.However, Leo Damrosch argued that the notion that the Go... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
There has been research published arguing that some 'sense' of fair play and the Golden Rule may be stated and rooted in terms of neuroscientific and neuroethical principles.The Golden Rule can also be explained from the perspectives of psychology, philosophy, sociology, human evolution, and economics. Psychologically,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
In evolution, "reciprocal altruism" is seen as a distinctive advance in the capacity of human groups to survive and reproduce, as their exceptional brains demanded exceptionally long childhoods and ongoing provision and protection even beyond that of the immediate family. In economics, Richard Swift, referring to ideas... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
Philosophers, such as Immanuel Kant and Friedrich Nietzsche, have objected to the rule on a variety of grounds. The most serious among these is its application. How does one know how others want to be treated? The obvious way is to ask them, but this cannot be done if one assumes they have not reached a particular and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
One religion that officially rejects the Golden Rule is the Neo-Nazi religion of the "Creativity Movement" founded by Ben Klassen. Followers of the religion believe that the Golden Rule doesn't make sense and is a "completely unworkable principle. ". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
George Bernard Shaw wrote, "Do not do unto others as you would that they should do unto you. Their tastes may not be the same." This suggests that if your values are not shared with others, the way you want to be treated will not be the way they want to be treated. Hence, the Golden Rule of "do unto others" is "dangero... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
Immanuel Kant famously criticized the golden rule for not being sensitive to differences of situation, noting that a prisoner duly convicted of a crime could appeal to the golden rule while asking the judge to release him, pointing out that the judge would not want anyone else to send him to prison, so he should not do... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
Walter Terence Stace, in The Concept of Morals (1937), wrote: Mr Bernard Shaw's remark "Do not do unto others as you would that they should do unto you. Their tastes may be different" is no doubt a smart saying. But it seems to overlook the fact that "doing as you would be done by" includes taking into account your nei... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
Marcus George Singer observed that there are two importantly different ways of looking at the golden rule: as requiring (1) that you perform specific actions that you want others to do to you or (2) that you guide your behavior in the same general ways that you want others to. Counter-examples to the golden rule typica... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
But if we apply the golden rule to our own method of using it, asking in effect if we would want other people to apply the golden rule in such ways, the answer would typically be no, since it is quite predictable that others' ignoring of such factors will lead to behavior which we object to. It follows that we should n... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
An article by Jouni Reinikainen develops this suggestion in greater detail. It is possible, then, that the golden rule can itself guide us in identifying which differences of situation are morally relevant. We would often want other people to ignore any prejudice against our race or nationality when deciding how to act... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
Charles Kingsley's The Water Babies (1863) includes a character named Mrs Do-As-You-Would-Be-Done-By (and another, Mrs Be-Done-By-As-You-Did). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule |
Nursing theory is defined as "a creative and conscientious structuring of ideas that project a tentative, purposeful, and systematic view of phenomena". Through systematic inquiry, whether in nursing research or practice, nurses are able to develop knowledge relevant to improving the care of patients. Theory refers to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nursing_theory |
In the early part of nursing's history, there was little formal nursing knowledge. As nursing education developed, the need to categorize knowledge led to development of nursing theory to help nurses evaluate increasingly complex client care situations.Nursing theories give a plan for reflection in which to examine a c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nursing_theory |
Nursing theories assist the development of nursing in formulating beliefs, values and goals. They help to define the different particular contribution of nursing with the care of clients. Nursing theory guides research and practice. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nursing_theory |
Not all theories in nursing are unique nursing theories; many are borrowed or shared with other disciplines. Theories developed by Neuman, Watson, Parse, Orlando and Peplau are considered unique nursing theories. Theories and concepts that originated in related sciences have been borrowed by nurses to explain and explo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nursing_theory |
Grand nursing theories have the broadest scope and present general concepts and propositions. Theories at this level may both reflect and provide insights useful for practice but are not designed for empirical testing. This limits the use of grand nursing theories for directing, explaining, and predicting nursing in pa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nursing_theory |
Middle-range nursing theories are narrower in scope than grand nursing theories and offer an effective bridge between grand nursing theories and nursing practice. They present concepts and a lower level of abstraction and guide theory-based research and nursing practice strategies. One of the hallmarks of mid-range the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nursing_theory |
Nursing practice theories have the most limited scope and level of abstraction and are developed for use within a specific range of nursing situations. Nursing practice theories provide frameworks for nursing interventions, and predict outcomes and the impact of nursing practice. The capacity of these theories is limit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nursing_theory |
Nursing models are usually described as a representation of reality or a more simple way of organising a complex phenomenon. The nursing model is a consolidation of both concepts and the assumption that combine them into a meaningful arrangement. A model is a way of presenting a situation in such a way that it shows th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nursing_theory |
There are three main key components to a nursing model: Statement of goal that the nurse is trying to achieve Set of beliefs and values Awareness, skills and knowledge the nurse needs to practice.The first important step in development of ideas about nursing is to establish the body approach essential to nursing, then ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nursing_theory |
A metaparadigm contains philosophical worldviews and concepts that are unique to a discipline and defines boundaries that separate it from other disciplines. A metaparadigm is intended to help guide others to conduct research and utilize the concepts for academia within that discipline. The nursing metaparadigm consist... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nursing_theory |
Anne Casey: Casey's model of nursing Betty Neuman: Neuman systems model Callista Roy: Adaptation model of nursing Carl O. Helvie: Helvie energy theory of nursing and health Dorothea Orem: Self-care deficit nursing theory Faye Abdellah: Patient-centered approach to Nursing Helen Erickson Hildegard Peplau: Theory of inte... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nursing_theory |
Open Course Library (OCL) is an effort by the State of Washington to identify and make available digitally, to community and technical college instructors and students across that state, free textbooks, interactive assignments, and videos. Instructional materials can be "a smorgasbord of teaching modules and exercises ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Course_Library |
Interactive-learning Web sites and even instructional videos on YouTube . . ." | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Course_Library |
However, OCL is not an OER publishing project, although it did contribute to the development of some widely used resources. Goals include: lowering textbook costs for students, providing new resources for faculty to use in their courses; and fully engaging in the global OER or open educational resources discussion.The ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Course_Library |
Many of the materials made available are open educational resources or OERs. Specifically, they include syllabi, course activities, readings, and assessments and some are paired with low cost textbooks, costing $30 or less. In subjects across the sciences and humanities, the OCL team created curriculum support for Wash... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Course_Library |
Instructors were free to use the materials as they wish, in part or an entire course. The project was headed by Cable Green, then eLearning Director for the Washington State Board for Community and Technical Colleges. It emerged from a two-year discussion that ultimately produced a Strategic Technology Plan. The plan o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Course_Library |
OCL participants were selected from a grant proposal competition. The process, which led to production of the materials, was open and several preliminary Town Meetings were used employing Eluminate Live. All participants were welcome. The meetings are archived. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Course_Library |
Topics for discussion included interactions with publishers, content presentation, copyright policies, and various Creative Commons licenses.Successful applicants received $15,000 to complete a course redesign. Librarians, instructional designers and institutional researchers were also asked to apply. Like faculty, the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Course_Library |
Each winning faculty member or team designed a ready-to-use digital course module. Teams were composed of community college instructors, librarians, and web-designers. In fall 2011 the first 42 courses created were released. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Course_Library |
The use of OCL materials is not mandated for Washington's community colleges and technical schools. Faculty course designers, however, are asked to adopt what they have designed. There were over 25,000 visits from 125 countries over the first four months. Nonetheless, there have been challenges: good material is not al... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Course_Library |
Courses are made accessible using the WashingtonOnline learning system. Externally, OCL partners with the Saylor Foundation, the Connexions Consortium, and the Open Courseware Consortium. The Saylor site can be used access course content by self-learners. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Course_Library |
A goal of the project requires instructors to become aware of the open educational resources (OERs) that are already available. A complementary goal is to share their content and adaptation by contributing to a global effort. Both directly and indirectly, Cable Green, the project's then director, observed that it has r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Course_Library |
A 2009 New York Times article reported that college students spend between $700 and $1,000 annually on textbooks. Full-time tuition in the Washington system is approximately $3,000 annually, with textbooks costing approximately $1,000 annually. Community college tuition is lower than at most traditional four-year insti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Course_Library |
Print-on demand copies generally cost under $10. Representative Reuven Carlyle (D-Seattle, Washington House of Representatives) estimates that because of OCL community college students saved over $1.25 million in textbook costs during the 2011–2012 school year. OCL seeks to contribute to the creation of better courses ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Course_Library |
In this way it seeks to respond positively to the "completion" concerns outlined in the state's tipping point research report of 2008. On 17 June 2010 the Washington State Board for Community & Technical Colleges (SBCTC) approved a state-level open licensing policy. All digital works created using grant funds administe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Course_Library |
This license allows materials created by one institution to be updated by another. It was within this context that OCL was launched in 2010. Nicole Allen, a textbook advocate for the national Student Public Interest Research Group (PIRG) commended the state for putting its money where its mouth is. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Course_Library |
The results are reported in Affordable Textbooks for Washington Students: An Updated Cost Analysis of the Open Course Library (2013), an update of Affordable Textbooks for Washington's Students: A Cost Analysis of the Open Course Library (2011). The latter reported on the first phase of courses in October 2011. In Apri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Course_Library |
OCL materials cost 90% less than previously used materials. The average OCL material costs $12, replacing the average priced $135 traditional item. Students taking OCL courses save on average $96 per course. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Course_Library |
Student savings are more than three times the original $1,800,000 invested. Two examples: By switching over to OCL material two community colleges have saved students $197,395 and $162,848 respectively. Future Savings: A 2011 analysis projects savings as much as $41.6 if materials are adopted by all 410,000 enrolled st... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Course_Library |
Based on a survey of community-college stores, with responses from 25 campuses, only nine said that any materials had been used in 17 of the 42 courses. Only 2,386 of the 98,130 students enrolled in these courses, in 75 of the eligible 2,722 sections, used the materials. In 16 of the 75 sections students paid nothing; ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Course_Library |
These numbers reported the work of OnCampus Research, an arm of the National Association of College Stores, which in fall 2013 sent a survey to 34 campus stores in the Washington Community and Technical College system. The survey focused on the first 42, or phase one, courses. It showed, according to the director of On... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Course_Library |
However, Marty Brown, executive director of the Washington State Board of Community and Technical Colleges, took exception in a Chronicle of Higher Education piece he explained: "The study analyzes the use of OCL materials based on adoption information from campus bookstores. This methodology provides an incomplete pic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Course_Library |
The Student PIRGs estimates the OCL has saved students more than $5.5-million, more than triple the original investment. We believe this is very significant." SPARC referred to the same presumed misunderstanding.One reviewer states that OCL is best at "presenting introductory college course material in a condensed, sim... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Course_Library |
It is noted, however, that the materials are not highly refined. Further observing that "there's something to be said about grabbing an algebra quiz or those French vocabulary words quickly." | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Course_Library |
A doctoral dissertation focused specifically on the project concludes in its abstract: ". . . that while faculty may be motivated to adopt new innovations like OER, for some, the time it takes to identify and integrate OER into courses presents a significant barrier to adoption." | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Course_Library |
Washington State communities have integrated OCL into educational efforts in innovative ways. For instance, Bellevue College, Washington, the state's largest community college, with help with a grant from the U.S. Department of Education, purchased 500 inexpensive netbook laptop computers in November 2011 for its stude... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Course_Library |
Since its initiation, OCL is credited with inspiring open textbook initiatives by the legislatures of California (2012), British Columbia (2012) and actions by the legislatures of Illinois, Minnesota, and Virginia all similar to California's. North Dakota proposed a resolution asking faculty and college administrations... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Course_Library |
Materials produced through this vehicle will be added to the OCL.The Saylor Foundation will create modular versions of the courses. Project Kaleidoscope intends to modify OCL materials to meet the needs of California's community college students. The department of education in São Paulo Brazil plans Portuguese translat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Course_Library |
Henri Tajfel (born Hersz Mordche; 22 June 1919 – 3 May 1982) was a Polish social psychologist, best known for his pioneering work on the cognitive aspects of prejudice and social identity theory, as well as being one of the founders of the European Association of Experimental Social Psychology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Tajfel |
Tajfel grew up in Poland. Because of Polish numerus clausus restrictions on Jews in university education, he left Poland to study chemistry at the Sorbonne in France. At the outbreak of World War II, he volunteered to serve in the French army. A year later, he was taken prisoner-of-war by the Germans. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Tajfel |
He faced a dilemma: whether or not to admit to the Germans that he was a Polish Jew. He claimed to be a French citizen but did not deny his Jewish identity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Tajfel |
He reasoned that if he denied being Jewish and if the Germans found out later that he was Jewish, he would certainly have been killed. In the event, Tajfel survived the war in a series of prisoner-of-war camps. On his return home he discovered that none of his immediate family, and few of his friends, had survived the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Tajfel |
He was to write later about the profound effect that this had on him and how it led to his later work on the psychology of prejudice and intergroup relations. After the war Tajfel worked for a series of relief organisations including the Œuvre de secours aux enfants (OSE), a Jewish humanitarian organisation. Tajfel's w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Tajfel |
He was granted French citizenship in 1946. However, he was soon to meet his future wife Anna-Sophie Eber (Ann), who had been born in Germany but had moved to Britain before the Second World War. Henri and Ann set up home in Britain where their two sons, Michael and Paul, were born. Henri took on British citizenship (fo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Tajfel |
He won a competitive scholarship for mature students with an essay on the subject of prejudice. In 1954 he graduated and worked as a lecturer, first at the University of Durham and then at Oxford. In 1962 he was made a Founding Fellow of Linacre College, Oxford. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Tajfel |
In his research work at the University of Oxford, Tajfel examined several different areas of social psychology, including social judgement, nationalism, and, most importantly, the cognitive aspects of prejudice. In 1967 he was made Chair of Social Psychology at the University of Bristol. At Bristol he conducted researc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Tajfel |
Tajfel's early research at University of Durham and University of Oxford involved examining the processes of social judgement. He believed that the cognitive processes of categorization contributed strongly to the psychological dimensions of prejudice, which went against the prevailing views of the time. Many psycholog... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Tajfel |
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