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In Brazil, hearing protectors are tested according to the American National Standards Institute ANSI S12.6-1997 and are rated using the Noise Reduction Rating Subject Fit NRR(SF). Australia and New Zealand have different standards for protector ratings yielding a quantity SLC80 (Sound Level Class for the 80th percentil... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earplug |
Gauger and Berger have reviewed the merits of several different rating methods and developed a rating system that is the basis of a new American National Standard, ANSI S12.68-2007 The various methods have slightly different interpretations, but each method has a percentile associated with the rating. That percent of t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earplug |
Thus, it translates to a 98% statistic. That is, at least 98 percent of users should be able to achieve that level of attenuation. The SNR and HML are a mean minus one standard deviation statistic. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earplug |
Therefore, approximately 86% of the users should be able to achieve that level of protection. Similarly, the NRR (SF) is a mean minus one standard deviation and represents an 86% of users should achieve that level of protection. The difference between the ratings lies in how the protectors are tested. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earplug |
NRR is tested with an experimenter-fit protocol. SNR/HML are tested with an experienced subject-fit protocol. NRR (SF) is tested with a naive subject-fit protocol. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earplug |
According to Murphy, et al. (2004), these three protocols will yield different amounts of attenuation with the NRR being the greatest and NRR (SF) being the least. The experimenter-fit NRR should be adjusted per the guidelines of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health as the required NRR ratings diff... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earplug |
Hearing protectors sold in the US are required by the EPA to have a noise reduction rating (NRR), which is an estimate of noise reduction at the ear when protectors are worn properly. Real-ear attenuation at threshold (REAT) measurements are performed multiple times with 10 to 20 subjects to determine the NRR. Using th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earplug |
NIOSH recommended and the U.S. EPA mandated that 7-dB compensation between C and A weighting be applied when the NRR is used with A-weighted noise levels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earplug |
The OSHA training manual for inspectors says the adequacy of hearing protection for use in a hazardous noise environment should be derated to account for how workers typically wear protection relative to how manufacturers test the protector's attenuation in the laboratory. For all types of hearing protection, OSHA's de... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earplug |
If used with A-weighted noise, OSHA applies the 7-dB adjustment for C-A weighting first then derates the remainder. For example, a protector with 33-dB attenuation would have this derating: Derated NRR = (33 – 7)/2NIOSH has proposed a different method for derating based upon the type of protector. For earmuffs, the NRR... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earplug |
NIOSH applies the C-A spectral compensation differently than OSHA. Where OSHA subtracts the 7-dB factor first and derates the result, NIOSH derates the NRR first and then compensates for the C-A difference. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earplug |
For example, to find the derated NRR for an earmuff by using the NIOSH derating system, the following equation would be used: Derated NRR = (Original NRR x (1-.25)) – 7Painful discomfort occurs at approximately 120 to 125 dB(A), with some references claiming 133 dB(A) for the threshold of pain. Active ear muffs are ava... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earplug |
Using both ear muffs (whether passive or active) and earplugs simultaneously results in maximum protection, but the efficacy of such combined protection relative to preventing permanent ear damage is inconclusive, with evidence indicating that a combined noise reduction ratio (NRR) of only 36 dB (C-weighted) is the max... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earplug |
In 2007, the American National Standards Institute published a new standard for noise reduction ratings for hearing protectors, ANSI S12.68-2007. Using the real ear attenuation at threshold data collected by a laboratory test prescribed in ANSI S12.6-2008, the noise reduction statistic for A-weighted noise (NRSA) is co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earplug |
Building upon work from the U.S. Air Force and the ISO 4869-2 standard, the protector's attenuation as a function of the difference in C and A-weighted noise level is used to predict typical performance in that noise environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earplug |
The derating may be quite severe (10 to 15 decibels) for protectors that have significant differences between low and high frequency attenuation. For "flat" attenuation protectors, the effect of C-A is less. This new system eliminates the need for calculators, relies on graphs and databases of empirical data, and is be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earplug |
Similar to a noise reduction rating (NRR) required on hearing protection devices in the United States, a personal attenuation rating (PAR) can be obtained through a hearing protection fit-testing system. The PAR is subtracted from the measured noise exposure to estimate the total noise exposure an individual is receivi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earplug |
Earplugs are generally safe, but some precautions may be needed against a number of possible health risks, with additional ones appearing with long-term use: Pushing in earplugs into the external ear canal may cause the air pressure to rise in it, in effect pushing against the eardrum and causing pain. This may be caus... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earplug |
Therefore, some earplugs are better carefully screwed or jiggled out rather than yanked out. Yawning does not help to equalize this air pressure difference, since it equalizes the pressures between the middle ear and the environment, while this overpressure rather is located in the outer ear, between the eardrum and th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earplug |
As a precaution, earplugs should not be pushed further into the ear canal than they may be grabbed and rotated. Earwax impacted by earplugs can be removed by irrigation or other remedies, as described here. There is a possibility of allergic reactions, but this is likely rare, as earplugs generally are made of immunolo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earplug |
Custom shaped plugs are recommended for long-term use, since they are more comfortable and gentle to the skin and won't go too far into the ear canal. Nevertheless, prolonged or frequently repeated use of earplugs has the following health risks, in addition to the short-term health risks: They may cause earwax to build... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earplug |
However, foam type earplugs are usually designed to be disposable, and will expand and lose their memory property upon drying after washing with water and soap. From then on, they will expand very quickly after being compressed, making proper insertion into the ear canal quite problematic. They also lose a large propor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earplug |
They may cause irritation of the temporomandibular joint, which is located very close to the ear canal, causing pain. Individually fitted non-elastic earplugs may be less likely to cause this irritation compared with foam ones that expand inside the ear canal. Earplugs are also a possible cause of ear inflammation (oti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earplug |
Still, many pathogenic bacteria grow well on warm, moist, foam-type plugs (polyvinylchloride (PVC) or polyurethane). However, there need also be a loss of integrity of the skin for infection to occur. Hard and poorly fitting earplugs can scratch the skin of the ear canal and set off an episode. When earplugs are used d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earplug |
Calypsis (καλυψις – kalupsis or kalypsis) is the act of covering, concealing, hiding, or veiling. The term calypsis was derived from the Greek καλυπτω – kalupto or kalypto, meaning 'to cover', 'to veil', 'to hide', or 'to conceal'. The term calypsis can also refer to a bride placing a veil over her face during her wedd... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calypsis |
In kinesics, the science of body language, calypsis is the act of covering or concealing certain parts of one's own body. Calypsis is a type of closed, negative or defensive body language used to express disapproval, discomfort or fear in certain situations. The term usually refers to the act of covering or concealing ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calypsis |
A body farm is a research facility where decomposition of humans and other animals can be studied in a variety of settings. The initial facility was conceived by anthropologist William M. Bass in 1981 at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville, Tennessee, where Bass was interested in studying the decomposition of a hu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
By placing the bodies outside to face the elements, researchers are able to get a better understanding of the decomposition process.Seven such facilities exist across the United States, as far south as sub-tropical Florida (USF-FORT) and as far north as Marquette, Michigan at Northern Michigan University. The research ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
The seven research facilities in the United States are all at universities (see below). These research facilities have been deemed "body farms" due to the nature of the decomposition research they perform. Numerous purposes exist for these research facilities, yet their main purpose is to study and form an understandin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
Following the outdoor research, skeletal remains are cleaned and curated in permanent known skeletal collections open for research. Such collections are critical for testing and developing new identification methods. Rick Schwein, head of the FBI office in Asheville, N.C., finds use in the body farms, claiming the info... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
The USF-FORT program uses their facility for training students and law enforcement on finding clandestine burials, grave excavation, and outdoor crime scene processing. They also offer advanced training for mass grave excavation in human rights investigations. There have been proposals to open body farms in other locat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
The original body farm is the University of Tennessee Anthropological Research Facility located a few miles from downtown on Alcoa Highway in Knoxville, Tennessee, behind the University of Tennessee Medical Center. It was first started in late 1980 by forensic anthropologist Dr. William M. Bass as a facility for the st... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
At any one time there will be a number of bodies placed in different settings throughout the facility and left to decompose. The bodies are exposed in a number of ways in order to provide insights into decomposition under varying conditions. Some of the conditions students studied were situations such as a body being l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
Observations and records of the decomposition process are kept, including the sequence and speed of decomposition and the effects of insect activity. The human decomposition stages that are studied begin with the fresh stage, then the bloat stage, then decay, and finally the dry stage.Over 100 bodies are donated to the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
60% of donations are made by family members of individuals who were not pre-registered with the facility. Over 1300 people have chosen to pre-register themselves. Perhaps the most famous person to donate his body for study was the anthropologist Grover Krantz, as described by his colleague David Hunt at the Smithsonian... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
The second human decomposition facility to open in the United States is located at Western Carolina University in Cullowhee, North Carolina and is part of the Western Carolina Human Identification Laboratory. The facility is known as the Forensic Osteology Research Station or more commonly as the FOREST. It was opened ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
A Forensic Anthropology Research Facility was commissioned by the Texas State University-San Marcos Department of Anthropology and is under the direction of Dr. Michelle Hamilton, a former student of Dr. Bill Bass. The forensic research facility is fully operational and is part of the Forensic Anthropology Center at Te... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
Prior to the selection of the location, objections by local residents and the nearby San Marcos Municipal Airport (owing to concerns about circling vultures) stalled the plan. But on February 12, 2008, Texas State University announced that its Freeman Ranch, off County Road 213 northwest of San Marcos, would be the sit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
The FARF serves as a resource for students of forensic anthropology as well as state and national law enforcement agencies. The work conducted here will have a direct impact on law enforcement and forensic investigations throughout the state of Texas, and beyond. The Forensic Anthropology Center at Texas State accepts ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
To date they have received 150 bodies, with up to 200 more donations planned. The areas of research conducted with donated bodies will include reconstructing the postmortem interval to determine time since death and related studies in human decomposition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
The overall aim of this type of research is to assist law enforcement agents and the medico-legal community in their investigations. While practical restraints currently limit the Forensic Anthropology Research Facility to only around seven acres in the Texas Hill Country, Freeman Ranch has about 4,200 acres (17 km2) a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
It is an area of land for educational outreach and research. Researchers and students visit the ranch and participate in educational activities and projects. Researchers and students are allowed to conduct experiments and studies at the ranch, including forensic anthropology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
The Southeast Texas Applied Forensic Science Facility (STAFS) is a state-of-the-art research and training facility designed to advance academic and technical knowledge in the application of forensic science disciplines to crime scenes and criminal activities. The facility's predominant focus of study is the application... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
The facility is located within the Center for Biological Field Studies at Sam Houston State University, a 247-acre (100 ha) parcel of land adjacent to the Sam Houston National Forest. One acre of maximum security fencing surrounds the outdoor research facility with an additional 8 acres (32,000 m2) of minimum security ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
Web cams are located within the outdoor facility to monitor timing of various post-mortem activities from on and off-campus computers. The building is designed as a morgue with cooler and freezer units, modern morgue equipment and tools and digital radiograph and microscope capabilities.The environment in southeast Tex... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
The Complex for Forensic Anthropology Research (CFAR) opened at Southern Illinois University (Carbondale, IL) in October 2010 working with pigs as human proxies. The co-founders, Gretchen R. Dabbs and D.C. Martin, built the facility to examine the rate and pattern of decomposition in the unique environment of southern ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
Since climate and environment are major factors affecting the rate and pattern of decomposition, these differences between southern Illinois and the other established facilities were expected (and have proven) to heavily influence the rate and pattern of decomposition. The first human donation was accepted at CFAR in J... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
It is approximately 0.33 acres of grassland surrounded by privacy fencing with razor wire. Outdoor cameras are used to monitor access for security purposes and record research events. Current research focuses on establishing the baseline rate and pattern of decomposition in the unique southern Illinois environment. Add... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
The Forensic Investigation Research Station (FIRS) is part of Colorado Mesa University in Grand Junction, and is under the direction of Dr. Melissa Connor. The research program is under the direction of Dr. Jessica Metcalf. Its location outside of Whitewater, Colorado provides, compared to the other facilities open at ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
The outdoor facility is about an acre of fenced area surrounded by privacy fencing with razor wire. Outdoor cameras are used both for security and research. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
The indoor facility consists of a classroom, wet lab/morgue, walk-in cooler, intake area, office, and secure storage areas. The first pig was placed in the outdoor facility in September, 2012, the indoor facility opened for classes in January 2013, and the first human donation was placed in November, 2013. As of Januar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
The USF Facility for Outdoor Research and Training (FORT) is part of the Florida Institute for Forensic Anthropology and Applied Science (IFAAS) at the University of South Florida in Tampa. The FORT was created by Erin H. Kimmerle, Executive Director of IFAAS. This facility is a 3.4 acre outdoor research laboratory in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
The facility was opened on September 19, 2018 with five bodies. It is the first and only facility of its type in Florida, as well as in a subtropical environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
The Pasco County Commission voted in May 2019 to end the contract that allows USF to run the facility. The agreement ended May 7, 2022. USF is in the process of finding a future alternative site. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
The Australian Facility for Taphonomic Experimental Research (AFTER) opened in 2016. It is located near Yarramundi in the outskirts of Sydney, Australia, on a patch of land owned by the University of Technology, Sydney, and it is the first body farm outside the United States. It was established as research has demonstr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
Her hypothesis to why this occurs is most likely due to the shrinking and contracting of the ligaments. The recent study has yet to be released to the public. A second Australian body farm has been proposed for central Queensland, which would be the first in the world to be in the tropics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
The Australian body farm was created by Shari Forbes. In 2018 she moved back to Canada where she became a Professor with funding for a Canadian version. The new "body farm" is at Bécancour. Its original name was the "Secure Site for Research in Thanatology", but it has been renamed as REST, which means site for Recherc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
Roma Khan of India was reported in 2010 to be taking initial steps toward establishing a body farm in India along the lines of those in the U.S. Yogesh Kumar, a forensic scientist is also found working in Andaman and Nicobar Islands (2022) on similar research (micro body farm) and presentating his proposal of Indian Bo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
Several universities in Britain have used animal remains to understand human taphonomy but there are currently no facilities that use human remains. Pigs are commonly studied but they are only useful in this field to a certain extent since they don't carry the same illnesses or obtain the same injuries as humans that a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
Procedures vary from country to country. Canadian forensic anthropology facilities can access a body when a person has decided to donate their own body and signed a form to ensure their wishes are carried out after the death. Others may allow a family member, the legal next-of-kin, to donate human remains. Unknown/uncl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
The body farms have contributed a great deal to the field of forensic anthropology. However, when such facilities first opened, local communities sometimes resisted, arguing these facilities are disturbing. Many have made the argument that the decomposing corpses will attract insects and scavenging animals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
After the opening of the University of Tennessee's Body Farm, there were a number of complaints about the odor that was coming from the farm. Also, many people even claimed that they could see the decomposing bodies from their homes. The university fixed this problem by installing a privacy fence. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
In Tennessee, after the opening of the first body farm, an organization called Solutions to Issues of Concern to Knoxvillians (SICK) protested the facility by holding up signs that read, "This makes us SICK." However, all of the facilities were able to open and quickly overcame concerns. Some citizens continue to oppos... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
Since the start of the initial Body Farm in Tennessee, William Bass, a forensic anthropologist, has worked to help fill in various law enforcement officials on questions involving decomposition rates that help pin-point the time of death of victims during trials. Furthering this research at the Tennessee Body Farm, Bas... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
Medical practitioners ask a number of questions when observing decomposed or dead bodies. According to Bass, there are seven questions that are required to complete forensic investigations. "Bass lays out these questions as a guideline to help pinpoint potential time of death and cause of death. The questions Bass asks... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
"Each stage of death is analyzed independently at the Body Farms to get a better understanding of the decomposition process on the body. Medical practitioners determine which insects or what climate cause human bodies to decompose the quickest, or in which manner they decompose according to differences in temperature o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
The concept of a body farm in general, as well as the existing institutions in particular, have been used in several crime-related works of popular culture. Notable examples include: Patricia Cornwell's novel The Body Farm is based on the University of Tennessee facility, but not on actual events surrounding it. The ch... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
A similar experiment conducted by the fictional Dr. Katz solves the book's mystery. Authors Jon Jefferson and Bill Bass have published a number of fictional murder mystery novels based on the body farm at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville under the pseudonym Jefferson Bass. The lead character is based on Bill Ba... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
In the British television series Waking the Dead, forensic pathologist Dr. Eve Lockhart has her own body farm. She reappears in a spin-off series The Body Farm. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
In the US show Rizzoli & Isles, the chief medical examiner of Massachusetts, Dr. Maura Isles, has a giant African spur tortoise called 'Bass' after William M. (Bill) Bass. Also, during the episode 6.04 they visit a body farm at the BCU Boston Cambridge University. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
During episode 6.17 of Fox's television series Bones entitled "The Feet on the Beach", medical anthropologist Dr. Temperance Brennan and her partner FBI Special Agent Seeley Booth visit a body farm at the fictional University of Hogansburg, New York. In episode 2.15 of CSI: Crime Scene Investigation entitled "Burden of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
A body farm within a forensic training facility is featured in the beginning of episode 9.17 of Fox's television series The X-Files. The episode, titled "Release", mentions that the facility is located in Joplin, Virginia. Simon Beckett's novel Whispers of the Dead is set in and around the body farm in Knoxville, Tenne... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
It is the third book in a series centered on protagonist Dr. David Hunter, a forensic anthropologist. The series itself was inspired by Beckett's visit to the body farm in Tennessee. During episode 2 of the documentary series Stephen Fry in America, host Stephen Fry visits the University of Tennessee Anthropological Re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
In episode 3.2 of Law and Order: SVU entitled "Wrath" several murder victims' bodies are dumped at the body farm among other bodies. In Tim Dorsey's book Torpedo Juice, Serge and Coleman dump a body in a body farm in the Florida Everglades, located off the Tamiami Trail. In episode 9 of Durarara!! | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
x2 Ten Shinra mentions that his father researches the body farm for a local drugstore. Photographer Sally Mann's fifth book, What Remains (2003), includes a series of photographs of dead and decomposing bodies taken at the Tennessee Forensic Anthropology Center. Filmmakers Brandon Keenan and Nick LaMantia released a fi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_farm |
Karl Julius Platzmann (born 31 January 1832 in Leipzig; died 6 September 1902 in Leipzig) was a German botanist, draftsman and philologist. His official Author citation was “Platzm.” | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Platzmann |
Between 1858 and 1864, Platzmann lived in Paranagua (Brazil), in order to study the local flora and fauna. His place in the history of linguistics is owed to his passion for collecting words in Latin American languages. He collected books about Native American languages written by missionaries. Later he published facsi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Platzmann |
Aus Der Bai Von Paranagu. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.61919 Nabu Press 2010. ISBN 978-1145717763. Glossar feurländischer Sprachen. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Platzmann |
Reprint. BiblioBazaar 2008, ISBN 978-0559512940. Wesshalb Ich Neudrucke Der Alten Amerikanischen Grammatiker Veranlasst Habe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Platzmann |
Reprint. Nabu Press 2010, ISBN 978-1144133229. Amerikanisch-Asiatische Etymologien Via Behringstrasse 'From the East to the West. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Platzmann |
Nabu Press 2010, ISBN 978-1145002753. Der Sprachstoff Der Brasilianischen Grammatik Des Luis Figueira von Julius Platzmann und Luis Figueira. Nabu Press 2010. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Platzmann |
Labour India Publications Limited is an educational publisher based in Marangattupally, Kottayam, Kerala, India. It publishes educational monthly journals in three languages, for students of pre-primary level to Plus Two level and entrance exams. In 2024, Labour India plans to release monthly educational journals for U... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_India |
Labour India was founded by V.J. George Kulangara in 1983 and was listed as a public limited company in 1996. The educational research centre was renovated in 2004 and was inaugurated by K R Narayanan, former president of India. Santhosh George Kulangara is the managing director of the group. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_India |
Labour India's publications are sold to CBSE and Kerala syllabus students; they are currently available to Malayalam, English Medium, and Tamil medium students. The company also publishes educational VCDs, syllabus based multimedia CDs and DVDs, and general knowledge books and CDs including Quiz India series and Englis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_India |
Labour India has other establishments involved in the fields of educational research, boarding schools, e-learning, tourism, charity and hospitality. Labour India Gurukulam Public School, International Gurukulam Schools, Bluefield International Academy in the US and College of Teacher Education are its establishments. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_India |
Luis Orlando Repetto Málaga (Lima, 4 August 1953 – 9 June 2020) was a Peruvian museologist, cultural manager and television host. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Repetto |
Repetto studied at the Leoncio Prado Military Academy. He was director of the National Institute of Culture and director of the Museum of Popular Arts and Traditions of the Riva-Agüero Institute until 2018. He also served as vice president of the Peruvian Committee of the International Council of Museums ICOM-Peru and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Repetto |
In 1999 he published El arte popular peruano in Lima through the Museo Nacional de Arqueología, Antropología e Historia del Perú (MNAAHP) and the publishing house Lluvia editores. Through the Regional Organization for Latin America and the Caribbean of the International Council of Museums (ICOM-LAC) he published in 200... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Repetto |
2014: Meritorious Person of Culture, awarded by the Ministry of Culture of Peru. 2018. Medal "Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza", awarded by the Provincial Council of Chachapoyas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Repetto |
Repetto died in Lima on 9 June 2020, aged 66, of COVID-19 during the pandemic in Peru. == References == | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Repetto |
Salaš (in Serbo-Croatian, Czech and Slovak, from Hungarian szállás meaning "house, accommodation") is a traditional type of property in the Pannonian Plain region, particularly in Bačka and Slavonia, with a family house and agricultural objects such as a barn, stable and granary, surrounded by arable land and pastures.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salaš |
Salaš, as unique type of building heritage, were created and developed under certain natural and economic conditions. Since the Middle Ages and until the middle of the 19th century, they were makeshift dwellings used by cattlemen. Later, by switching to agriculture, the salaš shifted their use into family homes, simila... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salaš |
Initially, salaš were summer dwellings for peasants, while over time, some became permanent dwellings. In the late stage of the development of these properties, two types salaš were distinguished: The farm-type salaš, where the owner or the tenant lived permanently; The salaš of more affluent peasants, where they had a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salaš |
The salaš railway stations connected salaš agglomerations with the nearest settlements. With the loss of the function of transporting goods and passenger from salaš properties to towns, these railways become unprofitable and gradually were dismantled, thereby causing further fragmentation and disconnect of salaš proper... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salaš |
Agrarian reforms aimed at collectivization and arrondissement of land, as well as the emergence of large-scale labour cooperatives and increased production, have marginalized the role of the small-scale salaš. All of these changes have resulted in the degridation of the salaš, as well as the fields surrounding them. Ag... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salaš |
This resulted in the disappearance of many green pastures. The disappearance of many salaš properties impoverished the already empty regions of Vojvodina. The salaš properties functioned as green-white island, the habitats of countless bird species and hiding places for large game. The salaš were also the sources of cu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salaš |
Salaš, as a basic element of the area, has dominated the Vojvodina plain since the Middle Ages, well before the arrival of the Turks in the area. For the longest of time this was the only way of living for the few scattered inhabitants across the large flat area of the plain. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salaš |
There are and were several types of salaš buildings. From primitive earth lodges, half-dugouts, mudhuts, to buildings with complex construction design, with two or tree rooms, with larger or smaller foundation, etc. Salaš houses were built of natural locally found materials: the walls were raised from beaten mud, or mu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salaš |
However, each salaš retained the same practical concept of housing landowning in the plains. The ethno-house in Bačka Topola built in 1843, belonging to a Hungarian family, is a typical example of an owners house for any part of Vojvodina – the overpowering Slovak blue in it even gives the impression of a combination o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salaš |
In the central area of each salaš is an oven, often with an open chimney, and the house is often fitted with a barn. This was done for practical reasons for less burning costs for the owner. The entrance to the house is from the courtyard, over a half-open porch, which has columns or a fence with half arches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salaš |
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