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The room next to the street is the front room where everyday use, while the back room is the guest room or the "clean room", where the better furniture is often placed. Some salaš houses would also have summer kitches, which were used exclusively during warmer season. The stoves were furnaces, where bread was baked, wi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salaš |
In modern times, salaš properties are a reminder of older simpler times and the sounds of tamburica music. The few remaining salaš dwellings have been repurposed into modern restaurants or museums for tourists, with specific cottage and rustic charm. They promote traditional foods and beverages, customs, farm life, fol... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salaš |
Lazić, Veselin; Grujić, Milorad (1994). Ej, salaši. PČESA. (in Serbian) Harkai Imre (1992): Graditeljstvo Bačke Topole. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salaš |
Rubicon - Temerin. (in Serbian) Harkai Imre (1998): Salašarski sistem Bačke Topole – Topolya mezőváros tanyarendszere. Cnesa, Kanjiža (in Hungarian and Serbian) Bela Duranci (1984): Salaši Oroma – Oromi szállások (in Hungarian and Serbian) Bela Duranci (1984): Agrártörténeti emlékeinkről (Spomenici iz istorijata našeg ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salaš |
In: „Híd”, Novi Sad. (in Hungarian) Branislav Kojić (1973): Сеоска архитектура и руризам, Belgrade. (in Serbian) Ferenc Erdei (1974): Magyar tanyák (Salaši u Mađarskoj), Budapest. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salaš |
(in Hungarian) Győrffy István (1983): Alföldi népélet, Budapest. (in Hungarian) Ljubinko Pušić (1987): Урбанистички развој градова у Војводини у XIX и првој половини XX века, Novi Sad. (in Serbian) Tripolsky Géza (1985): A Tisza-vidék tanyái (Potiski salaši). In: „Üzenet” br. 9 (in Hungarian) Slavko Golić (2007): Seosk... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salaš |
Buddhism includes an analysis of human psychology, emotion, cognition, behavior and motivation along with therapeutic practices. Buddhist psychology is embedded within the greater Buddhist ethical and philosophical system, and its psychological terminology is colored by ethical overtones. : 3 Buddhist psychology has tw... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
: 107 Buddhism and the modern discipline of psychology have multiple parallels and points of overlap. This includes a descriptive phenomenology of mental states, emotions and behaviors as well as theories of perception and unconscious mental factors. Psychotherapists such as Erich Fromm have found in Buddhist enlighten... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
The establishment of Buddhism predates the field of psychology by over two millennia; thus, any assessment of Buddhism in terms of psychology is necessarily a modern invention. One of the first such assessments occurred when British Indologists started translating Buddhist texts from Pali and Sanskrit. The modern growt... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
According to Austrian psychologist Gerald Virtbauer, the contact of Buddhism and European Psychology has generally followed three main approaches: The presentation and exploration of parts of Buddhist teachings as a Psychology and psychological method for analyzing and modifying human experience. The integration of par... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
The earliest Buddhist writings are preserved in three-part collections called Tipitaka (Pali; Skt. Tripitaka). The first part, the Sutta Pitaka contains a series of discourses attributed to the Buddha containing much psychological material. A central feature of Buddhist psychology is its methodology which is based on p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
: 13 According to the Buddha while initially unreliable, one's mind can be trained, calmed and cultivated so as to make introspection a refined and reliable method. This methodology is the foundation for the personal insight into the nature of the mind the Buddha is said to have achieved. While introspection is a key a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
The early Buddhist texts outline a theory of perception and cognition based on the ayatanas (sense bases, sense media, sense spheres) which are categorized into sense organs, sense objects and awareness. The contact between these bases leads to a perceptual event as explained in Buddhist texts: "when the eye that is in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
Therefore, perception for the Buddhists is not just based on the senses but also on our desires, interests and concepts and hence it is in a way unrealistic and misleading. : 21 The goal of Buddhist practice is then to remove these distractions and gain knowledge of things as they are (yatha-bhuta ñānadassanam). This p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
One of the most problematic views according to the Buddha, is the notion of a permanent and solid Self or 'pure ego'. This is because in early Buddhist psychology, there is no fixed self (atta; Sanskrit atman) but the delusion of self and clinging to a self concept affects all one's behaviors and leads to suffering. : ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
False belief and attachment to an abiding ego-entity is at the root of most negative emotions. The psychologist Daniel Goleman states: The notion of an "empty self" posits that there is no "CEO of the mind," but rather something like committees constantly vying for power. In this view, the "self" is not a stable, endur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
While that notion seems contrary to our own everyday experience, it actually describes the deconstruction of self that cognitive neuroscience finds as it dissects the mind (most famously, Marvin Minsky's "society of mind"). So the Buddhist model of the self may turn out to fit the data far better than the notions that ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
Nama refers to the non-physical elements and rupa to the physical components. According to Padmasiri de Silva, "The mental and physical constitutents form one complex, and there is a mutual dependency of the mind on the body and of the body on the mind. ": 16 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
Buddha's theory of human motivation is based on certain key factors shared by all human beings and is primarily concerned with the nature of human dissatisfaction (dukkha) and how to dispel it. In the suttas, human beings are said to be motivated by craving (tanha, literally 'thirst') of three types:: 236–254 Kama tanh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
The arousal of these three cravings is derived from pleasant or unpleasant feelings (vedana), reactions to sense impressions with positive or negative hedonic tone. Cravings condition clinging or obsession (upadana) to sense impressions, leading to a vicious cycle of further craving and striving, which is ultimately un... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
: 236–254 These are opposed by three wholesome roots: liberality, kindness and wisdom. Feeling or affective reaction (vedana) is also at the source of the emotions and it is categorized in various ways; as physical or mental, as pleasant, unpleasant or neutral; and as rooted in the different senses. : 41 The Buddha als... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
Out of these basic immediate reactions as well as our situational context, conceptualization and personal history arise more complex emotions, such as fear, hatred, hope or despair. The Buddhist theory of emotions also highlights the ethical and spiritual importance of positive emotions such as compassion and friendlin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
The early Buddhist texts such as the Pali Canon present a theory about latent mental tendencies (Anusaya, "latent bias", "predisposition", "latent disposition") which are pre-conscious or non-conscious: 236–254 These habitual patterns are later termed "Vāsanā" (impression) by the later Yogacara Buddhists and were held ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
Another set of unconscious mental factors responsible for influencing one's behavior include the asavas (Sanskrit asrava, "influx, canker, inflows"). These factors are said to "intoxicate" and "befuddle" the mind. The Buddha taught that one had to remove them from the mind through practice in order to reach liberation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
The asavas are said to arise from different factors: sensuality, aggression, cruelty, body, and individuality are some of the factors given. : 236–254 The Yogacara school of Mahayana Buddhism (starting from the 3rd to 5th century CE) extended these ideas into what has been called a Buddhist theory of the Unconscious mi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
According to Padmal de Silva "Buddhist strategies represent a therapeutic model which treats the person as his/her agent of change, rather than as the recipient of externally imposed interventions." Silva argues that the Buddha saw each person responsible for their own personal development and considers this as being s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
Personal development in Buddhism is based upon the Noble Eightfold Path which integrates ethics, wisdom or understanding (pañña) and psychological practices such as meditation (bhavana, cultivation, development). Self-actualization in traditional Buddhism is based on the ideas of Nirvana and Buddhahood. The highest sta... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
: 236–254 Buddhist meditation is of two main types: Samatha is meant to calm and relax the mind, as well as develop focus and concentration by training attention on a single object; Vipassana is a means to gain insight or understanding into the nature of the mental processes and their impermanent, stressful and self-le... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
A comparison of these systems of cognitive behavioral modification has been discussed by professor William Mikulas and Padmal de Silva.According to Padmal de Silva these similarities include: "fear reduction by graded exposure and reciprocal inhibition; using rewards for promoting desirable behavior; modelling for indu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
Ponder on the perils and disadvantages of the thought, its harmful consequences. Ignore the thought and distract yourself from it through some other activity. Reflect on the removal or stopping of the causes of the target thought. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
Make a forceful mental effort.Another recommended technique is from the Satipatthana Sutta, which outlines the practice of mindfulness, which is not just a formal meditation, but a skill of attentive awareness and self monitoring. In developing mindfulness, one is advised to be aware of all thoughts and sensations that... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
The Pali Canon records that the Buddha distinguished between two kinds of illness (rogo): physical illness (kāyiko rogo) and mental illness (cetasiko rogo). The Buddha attributed mental illness to the arising of mental defilements (Kleshas) which are ultimately based on the unwholesome roots (three poisons) of greed, h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
Another set of negative qualities outlined by the Buddha are the five hindrances, which are said to prevent proper mental cultivation, these are: sense desire, hostility, sloth-torpor, restlessness-worry and doubt. According to Edwina Pio, Buddhist texts see mental illness as being mainly psychogenic in nature (rooted ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
An act which is against the monk's code of discipline (Vinaya) committed by someone who was "ummatta" - "out of his mind" was said by the Buddha to be pardonable. This was termed the madmans leave (ummattakasammuti) The texts also assume that this 'madness' can be cured or recovered from, or is at least an impermanent ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
: 128 Other Buddhist sources such as the Milinda Panha echo the theory that madness is caused mainly by personal and environmental circumstances. : 128 Other abnormal behaviors described by the early sources include Intellectual disability, epilepsy, alcoholism, and suicide. Buddhagosa posits that the cause of suicide ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
The third part (or pitaka, literally "basket") of the Tripitaka is known as the Abhidhamma (Pali; Skt. Abhidharma). The Abhidhamma works are historically later than the two other collections of the Tipitaka (3rd century BCE and later) and focus on phenomenological psychology. The Buddhist Abhidhamma works analyze the m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
Dhammas are phenomenal factors or "psycho-physical events" whose interrelations and connections make up all streams of human experience. There are four categories of dharmas in the Theravada Abhidhamma: Citta (awareness), Cetasika (mental factors), Rūpa (physical occurrences, material form) and Nibbāna (cessation). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
Abhidhamma texts are then an attempt to list all possible factors of experience and all possible relationships between them. Among the achievements of the Abhidhamma psychologists was the outlining of a theory of emotions, a theory of personality types, and a psychology of ethical behavior. Ven. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
Bhikkhu Bodhi, president of the Buddhist Publication Society, has synopsized the Abhidhamma as follows: The system that the Abhidhamma Pitaka articulates is simultaneously a philosophy, a psychology, and an ethics, all integrated into the framework of a program for liberation ... The Abhidhamma's attempt to comprehend ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
Buddhism and psychology overlap in theory and in practice. Since the beginning of the 20th century, four strands of interplay have evolved: descriptive phenomenology: scholars have found in Buddhist teachings a detailed introspective phenomenological psychology (particularly in the Abhidhamma which outlines various tra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
clinical utility: some contemporary mental-health practitioners increasingly find ancient Buddhist practices (such as the development of mindfulness) of empirically proven therapeutic value. popular psychology and spirituality: psychology has been popularized, and has become blended with spirituality in some forms of m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
The contact between Buddhism and Psychology began with the work of the Pali Text Society scholars, whose main work was translating the Buddhist Pali Canon. In 1900, Indologist Caroline A. F. Rhys Davids published through the Pali Text Society a translation of the Theravada Abhidhamma's first book, the Dhamma Sangani, a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
Buddhism's psychological orientation is a theme Rhys Davids pursued for decades as evidenced by her further publications, Buddhist Psychology: An Inquiry into the Analysis and Theory of Mind in Pali Literature (1914) and The Birth of Indian Psychology and its Development in Buddhism (1936). An important event in the in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
Later scholars such as David Kalupahana (The principles of Buddhist psychology, 1987), Padmal de Silva (Buddhism and behaviour modification, 1984), Edwina Pio and Hubert Benoit (Zen and the Psychology of Transformation, 1990) wrote about and compared Buddhism and Psychology directly. Writers in the field of transperson... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
In the 1970s, psychotherapeutic techniques using "mindfulness" were developed such as Hakomi therapy by Ron Kurtz (1934–2011), possibly the first mindfulness based therapy. Jon Kabat-Zinn's mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) was a very influential development, introducing the term into Western cognitive behavior... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
In the early 2000s Vidyamala Burch and her organization Breathworks developed mindfulness-based pain management (MBPM). More recent work has focused on clinical research of particular practices derived from Buddhism such as mindfulness meditation and compassion development (ex. the work of Jon Kabat-Zinn, Daniel Golema... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
From the perspective of Buddhism, various modern Buddhist teachers such as Jack Kornfield and Tara Brach have academic degrees in psychology. Applying the tools of modern neuropsychology (EEG, fMRI) to study Buddhist meditation is also an area of integration. One of the first figures in this area was neurologist James ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
In Japan, a different strand of comparative thought developed, beginning with the publication, "Psychology of Zen Sect" (1893) and "Buddhist psychology" (1897), by Inoue Enryō (1858–1919). In 1920, Tomosada Iritani (1887–1957) administered a questionnaire to 43 persons dealing with Zen practice, in what was probably th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
In the 1960s, Kasamatsu and Hirai used Electroencephalography to monitor the brains of Zen meditators. This led to the promotion of various studies covering psychiatry, physiology, and psychology of Zen by the Japanese ministry of education which were carried out in various laboratories. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
Another important researcher in this field, Prof. Yoshiharu Akishige, promoted Zen Psychology, the idea that the insights of Zen should not just be studied but that they should inform psychological practice. Research in this field continues with the work of Japanese psychologists such as Akira Onda and Osamu Ando.In Ja... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
Buddhism has some views which are comparable to psychoanalytic theory. These include a view of the unconscious mind and unconscious thought processes, the view that unwholesome unconscious forces cause much of human suffering and the idea that one may gain insight into these thought processes through various practices,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
One of the most important influences on the spread of Buddhism in the west was Zen scholar D.T. Suzuki. He collaborated with psycho-analysts Carl Jung, Karen Horney and Erich Fromm. Carl Jung wrote the foreword to Suzuki's Introduction to Zen Buddhism, first published together in 1948. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
In his foreword, Jung highlights the enlightenment experience of satori as the "unsurpassed transformation to wholeness" for Zen practitioners. And while acknowledging the inadequacy of Psychologist attempts to comprehend satori through the lens of intellectualism, Jung nonetheless contends that due to their shared goa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
One influential psychoanalyst who explored Zen was Karen Horney, who traveled to Japan in 1952 to meet with Suzuki and who advised her colleagues to listen to their clients with a "Zen-like concentration and non attachment".Suzuki, Fromm and other psychoanalysts collaborated at a 1957 workshop on "Zen Buddhism and Psyc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
Paraphrasing Suzuki broadly, Fromm continues: Zen is the art of seeing into the nature of one's being; it is a way from bondage to freedom; it liberates our natural energies; ... and it impels us to express our faculty for happiness and love. ... What can be said with more certainty is that the knowledge of Zen, and a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
The dialogue between Buddhism and psychoanalysis has continued with the work of psychiatrists such as Mark Epstein, Nina Coltart, Jack Engler, Axel Hoffer, Jeremy D. Safran, David Brazier, and Jeffrey B. Rubin. Nina Coltart (1927-1997) was the Director of the London Clinic of Psychoanalysis, a neo-Freudian and a Buddhi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
Mark Epstein is an American psychiatrist who practiced Buddhism in Thailand under Ajahn Chah and has since written several books on psychoanalysis and Buddhism (Thoughts Without a Thinker 1995, Psychotherapy Without the Self, 2008). Epstein relates the Buddhist Four Noble Truths to primary narcissism as described by Do... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
The second truth speaks of the primal thirst that makes such humiliation inevitable. The third truth promises release by developing a realistic self-image, and the fourth truth spells out the means of accomplishing that.Jeffrey B. Rubin has also written on the integration of these two practices in Psychotherapy and Bud... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
In this text, he criticizes the Buddhist idea of enlightenment as a total purification of mind: "From the psychoanalytic perspective, a static, conflict-free sphere-a psychological "safehouse" -beyond the vicissitudes of conflict and conditioning where mind is immune to various aspects of affective life such as self-in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
Rubin also outlines a case study of the psychoanalytic treatment of a Buddhist meditator and notes that meditation has been largely ignored and devalued by psychoanalysts. : 117 He argues that Buddhist meditation can provide an important contribution to the practice of psychoanalytic listening by improving an analyst's... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
David Brazier is a psychotherapist who combines psychotherapy and Buddhism (Zen therapy, 1995). Brazier points to various possible translations of the Pali terms of the Four Noble Truths, which give a new insight into these truths. The traditional translations of samudhaya and nirodha are "origin" and "cessation". Coup... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
The translation given by David Brazier gives a different interpretation to the Four Noble Truths. Dukkha: existence is imperfect, it is like a wheel that is not straight into the axis; Samudhaya: simultaneously with the experience of dukkha there arises tanha, thirst: the dissatisfaction with what is and the yearning t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
Gestalt Therapy, an approach created by Fritz Perls, was based on phenomenology, existentialism and also Zen Buddhism and Taoism. Perls spent some time in Japanese Zen monasteries and his therapeutic techniques include mindfulness practices and focusing on the present moment. Practices outlined by Perls himself in Ego,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
Both existential and humanistic models of human psychology stress the importance of personal responsibility and freedom of choice, ideas which are central to Buddhist ethics and psychology. : 109 Humanistic psychology's focus on developing the 'fully functioning person' (Carl Rogers) and self actualization (Maslow) is ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
He subsequently interviewed other person centered therapists who practiced meditation and found that it enhanced their empathy, nonjudgmental openness and quality of the relationship with their clients.A comparison has also been made between Marshall Rosenberg's Nonviolent Communication and Buddhist ideals of right spe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
Nanavira also states that those who have understood the Buddha's message have gone beyond the existentialists and no longer see their questions as valid. Edward Conze likewise sees the parallel between the Buddhists and Existentialists only preliminary: "In terms of the Four Truths, the existentialists have only the fi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
The growing field of positive psychology shares with Buddhism a focus on developing a positive emotions and personal strengths and virtues with the goal of improving human well-being. Positive psychology also describes the futility of the "hedonic treadmill", the chasing of ephemeral pleasures and gains in search of la... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
Kirk W. Brown and Richard M. Ryan of the University of Pennsylvania have developed a 15-item "Mindful attention awareness scale" to measure dispositional mindfulness.The concept of Flow studied by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi has been compared to Buddhist meditative states such as samadhi and mindfulness. Ronald Siegel desc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
Zen Buddhism has a concept called Mushin (無心, no mind) which is also similar to flow. Christopher K. Germer, clinical instructor in psychology at Harvard Medical School and a founding member of the Institute for Meditation and Psychotherapy, has stated: "Positive psychology, which focuses on human flourishing rather th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
"Martin Seligman and Buddhist monk Thanissaro Bhikkhu have pointed out that the framework of Positive psychology is ethically neutral, and hence within that framework, you could argue that "a serial killer leads a pleasant life, a skilled Mafia hit man leads a good life, and a fanatical terrorist leads a meaningful lif... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
What matters is the fact of psychological flow. You're most likely to experience flow wherever you have the skill, and you're most likely to develop skill wherever you have the aptitude, whether it's in music, sport, hunting, meditating, etc. From the Buddha's point of view, however, it really does matter what you do t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
In his introduction to his 1975 book, Glimpses of the Abhidharma, Chogyam Trungpa Rinpoche wrote: Many modern psychologists have found that the discoveries and explanations of the abhidharma coincide with their own recent discoveries and new ideas; as though the Abhidharma, which was taught 2,500 years ago, had been re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
Every two years, since 1987, the Dalai Lama has convened "Mind and Life" gatherings of Buddhists and scientists. Reflecting on one Mind and Life session in March 2000, psychologist Daniel Goleman notes: Since the time of Gautama Buddha in the fifth century BC, an analysis of the mind and its workings has been central t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
For over a millennium, throughout the world, Buddhist practices have been used for non-Buddhist ends. More recently, clinical psychologists, theorists and researchers have incorporated Buddhist practices in widespread formalized psychotherapies. Buddhist mindfulness practices have been explicitly incorporated into a va... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
Fromm distinguishes between two types of meditative techniques that have been used in psychotherapy: auto-suggestion used to induce relaxation; meditation "to achieve a higher degree of non-attachment, of non-greed, and of non-illusion; briefly, those that serve to reach a higher level of being" (p. 50).Fromm attribute... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
Kabat-Zinn developed the eight-week MBSR program over a ten-year period with over four thousand patients at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center. Describing the MBSR program, Kabat-Zinn writes: This 'work' involves above all the regular, disciplined practice of moment-to-moment awareness or mindfulness, the c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
Mindfulness-based pain management (MBPM) is a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) providing specific applications for people living with chronic pain and illness. Adapting the core concepts and practices of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), MBPM includes a distin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
In writing about DBT, Zen practitioner Linehan states: As its name suggests, its overriding characteristic is an emphasis on 'dialectics' – that is, the reconciliation of opposites in a continual process of synthesis ... This emphasis on acceptance as a balance to change flows directly from the integration of a perspec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
ACT did not explicitly emerge from Buddhism, but its concepts often parallel ideas from Buddhist and mystical traditions. ACT has been defined by its originators as a method that "uses acceptance and mindfulness processes, and commitment and behavioral activation processes to produce psychological flexibility. "Mindful... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
The British psychiatrist Clive Sherlock, who trained in the traditional Rinzai School of Zen, developed Adaptation Practice, the foundation of mindfulness, in 1977 based on the profound mindfulness/awareness training of Zen daily-life practice and meditation. Adaptation Practice is used for long-term relief of depressi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
Originated from the philosophical school of existentialism, existential therapy seeks to revise the fundamental nature of human beings. Before commencing the treatment, they first ask the following question: what does it mean to be human? This then makes existential therapy distinct from other therapeutic techniques, w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
This sheds light on the role Buddhism plays on psychotherapy. P. de Silva holds that Buddhist psychology is ‘’therapy oriented’’, since it not only provides an explanation for our mental ill-health and suffering, but it also offers effective treatments to them. For example, Buddhism may diagnose our anxiety, depression... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
Dr. Albert Ellis, considered the "grandfather of cognitive-behavioral therapy" (CBT), has written: Many of the principles incorporated in the theory of rational-emotive psychotherapy are not new; some of them, in fact, were originally stated several thousands of years ago, especially by the Greek and Roman Stoic philos... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
This is similar to using a CBT technique known as "emotional training" which Ellis describes in the following manner: Think of an intensely pleasant experience you have had with the person with whom you now feel angry. When you have fantasized such a pleasant experience and have actually given yourself unusually good, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
Some traditional Buddhist practitioners have expressed concern that attempts to view Buddhism through the lens of psychology diminishes the Buddha's liberating message. Patrick Kearney has written that the effort to integrate the teachings of the Buddha by interpreting it through the view of psychologies has led to "a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
American Theravada monk Thanissaro Bhikkhu has also criticized the interpretation of Buddhism through Psychology, which has different values and goals, derived from roots such as European Romanticism and Protestant Christianity. He also identifies broad commonalities between "Romantic/humanistic psychology" and early B... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
Thanissaro sees their view as centered on the idea of healing the 'divided self', an idea which is alien to Buddhism. Thanissaro asserts that there are also core differences between Romantic/humanistic psychology and Buddhism. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
These are summarized in the adjacent table. Thanissaro implicitly deems those who impose Romantic/humanistic goals on the Buddha's message as "Buddhist Romantics". The same similarities have been recognized by David McMahan when describing Buddhist modernism.Recognizing the widespread alienation and social fragmentatio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
In doing so, it augments the work of psychotherapy ... However, Buddhist Romanticism also helps close the gate to areas of the dharma that would challenge people in their hope for an ultimate happiness based on interconnectedness. Traditional dharma calls for renunciation and sacrifice, on the grounds that all intercon... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
Another Theravada monk, Bhikkhu Bodhi has also criticized the presentation of certain Buddhist teachings mixed with psychological and Humanistic views as being authentic Buddhism. This risks losing the essence of the liberating and radical message of the Buddha, which is focused on attaining nirvana: What I am concerne... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
In 1961, philosopher and professor Alan Watts wrote: If we look deeply into such ways of life as Buddhism and Taoism, Vedanta and Yoga, we do not find either philosophy or religion as these are understood in the West. We find something more nearly resembling psychotherapy ... The main resemblance between these Eastern ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
Fryba, Mirko (1995). The Practice of Happiness: Exercises & Techniques for Developing Mindfulness, Wisdom, and Joy. Boston: Shambhala. ISBN 1-57062-123-3. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
Segal, Zindel V., J. Mark G. Williams, & John D. Teasdale (2002). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Depression. NY: Guilford. ISBN 978-1-57230-706-3. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
Rowell Havens, Teresina (1964). "Mrs. Rhys Davids' Dialogue with Psychology (1893-1924)", in Philosophy East & West. V. 14 (1964) pp. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
51–58, University of Hawaii Press. Sarunya Prasopchingchana & Dana Sugu, 'Distinctiveness of the Unseen Buddhist Identity' (International Journal of Humanistic Ideology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, vol. 4, 2010) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
Burns, Douglas (undated). "Buddhist Meditation and Depth Psychology" | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
"Buddhist Romanticism" a treatise by Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu "Buddhist Romanticism", talk by Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu (03/25/02) "Buddhist Romanticism Discussion", follow-up to Thanissaro Bhikkhu talk by Gil Fronsdal (04/01/02) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
Kohut Lorne Ladner, Positive Psychology & the Buddhist Path of Compassion Paul C. Cooper, Attention & Inattention in Zen and Psychoanalysis Archived 2013-08-26 at the Wayback Machine Gleig, Ann (9 May 2009). "The Culture of Narcissism Revisited: Transformations of Narcissism in Contemporary Psychospirituality". Pastora... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
59 (1): 79–91. doi:10.1007/s11089-009-0207-9. S2CID 3765882. Jakob Håkansson, Exploring the phenomenon of empathyWinnicott Linda A. Nockler, The Spiritual and the Psychological Meet: Lessons from for Students of Awareness Practices Daniel G. Radter, A Buddhist reinterpretation of Winnicott FREDRIK FALKENSTRÖM, A Buddhi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology |
PASCAL is a scientific bibliographic database, which is maintained by INIST (CNRS). PASCAL covers the core scientific literature in science, technology and medicine with a special emphasis on European literature.As of 2012, PASCAL maintains a database of more than 17 million records, 90% of which are author abstracts. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PASCAL_(database) |
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