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Western conservatism is a political orientation prevalent in the Western United States that some might otherwise call libertarian conservatism, Jeffersonian conservatism, or in some circles classical liberalism, typified by politicians like Barry Goldwater, Ronald Reagan, Ron and Rand Paul and Rick Perry. It has been d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_conservatism |
Western conservatives differ from purist libertarians in that most tend to be oppose legal abortion believing government bans on the medical procedure to be more of a state and not federal issue; foreign policy in Iraq and Afghanistan ought be driven by a clearly defined mission and exit strategy; and immediate legaliz... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_conservatism |
A constructed language (shortened to conlang) is a language whose phonology, grammar, and vocabulary, instead of having developed naturally, are consciously devised for some purpose, which may include being devised for a work of fiction. A constructed language may also be referred to as an artificial, planned or invent... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language |
The expression planned language is sometimes used to indicate international auxiliary languages and other languages designed for actual use in human communication. Some prefer it to the adjective artificial, as this term may be perceived as pejorative. Outside Esperanto culture, the term language planning means the pre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language |
Prescriptive grammars, which date to ancient times for classical languages such as Latin and Sanskrit, are rule-based codifications of natural languages, such codifications being a middle ground between naïve natural selection and development of language and its explicit construction. The term glossopoeia is also used ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language |
The terms "planned", "constructed", and "artificial" are used differently in some traditions. For example, few speakers of Interlingua consider their language artificial, since they assert that it has no invented content: Interlingua's vocabulary is taken from a small set of natural languages, and its grammar is based ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language |
Some speakers of Esperanto and Esperantidoj also avoid the term "artificial language" because they deny that there is anything "unnatural" about the use of their language in human communication. By contrast, some philosophers have argued that all human languages are conventional or artificial. François Rabelais's ficti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language |
Voices, as the dialecticians say, don't signify naturally, but capriciously. "Furthermore, fictional or experimental languages can be considered naturalistic if they model real world languages. For example, if a naturalistic conlang is derived a posteriori from another language (real or constructed), it should imitate ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language |
In contrast with languages such as Interlingua, naturalistic fictional languages are not usually intended for easy learning or communication. Thus, naturalistic fictional languages tend to be more difficult and complex. While Interlingua has simpler grammar, syntax, and orthography than its source languages (though mor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language |
In terms of purpose, most constructed languages can broadly be divided into: Engineered languages (engelangs /ˈɛnd͡ʒlæŋz/), further subdivided into logical languages (loglangs), philosophical languages and experimental languages, devised for experimentation in logic, philosophy, or linguistics; Auxiliary languages (aux... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language |
A constructed language can have native speakers if young children learn it from parents who speak it fluently. According to Ethnologue, there are "200–2000 who speak Esperanto as a first language". A member of the Klingon Language Institute, d'Armond Speers, attempted to raise his son as a native (bilingual with Englis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language |
For example, Modern Hebrew and its pronunciation norms were developed from existing traditions of Hebrew, such as Mishnaic Hebrew and Biblical Hebrew following a general Sephardic pronunciation, rather than engineered from scratch, and has undergone considerable changes since the state of Israel was founded in 1948 (He... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language |
Esperanto as a living spoken language has evolved significantly from the prescriptive blueprint published in 1887, so that modern editions of the Fundamenta Krestomatio, a 1903 collection of early texts in the language, require many footnotes on the syntactic and lexical differences between early and modern Esperanto.P... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language |
Constructed languages have been included in standardized tests such as the SAT, where they were used to test the applicant's ability to infer and apply grammatical rules. By the same token, a constructed language might also be used to restrict thought, as in George Orwell's Newspeak, or to simplify thought, as in Toki ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language |
For example, in the book The Language Instinct, Pinker states that children spontaneously re-invent slang and even grammar with each generation. These linguists argue that attempts to control the range of human thought through the reform of language would fail, as concepts like "freedom" will reappear in new words if t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language |
An example can be taken from the way various programming languages make it easier to write certain kinds of programs and harder to write others. Another reason cited for using a constructed language is the telescope rule, which claims that it takes less time to first learn a simple constructed language and then a natur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language |
Thus, if someone wants to learn English, some suggest learning Basic English first. Constructed languages like Esperanto and Interlingua are in fact often simpler due to the typical lack of irregular verbs and other grammatical quirks. Some studies have found that learning Esperanto helps in learning a non-constructed ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language |
An a priori constructed language is one whose features (including vocabulary, grammar, etc.) are not based on an existing language, and an a posteriori language is the opposite. This categorization, however, is not absolute, as many constructed languages may be called a priori when considering some linguistic factors, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language |
An a priori language (from Latin a priori, "from the former") is any constructed language of which all or a number of features are not based on existing languages, but rather invented or elaborated so as to work in a different way or to allude to different purposes. Some a priori languages are designed to be internatio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language |
Balaibalan, attributed to Fazlallah Astarabadi or Muhyi Gulshani (14th century) Solresol by François Sudre (1827) Ro by Edward Foster (1906) Sona by Kenneth Searight (1935) Babm by Rikichi Okamoto (1962) Kotava by Staren Fetcey (1978) Mirad (aka Unilingua) by Noubar Agopoff (1966) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language |
Láadan by Suzette Haden Elgin (1982) Ithkuil by John Quijada (2011) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language |
Quenya and Sindarin by J. R. R. Tolkien for The Lord of the Rings (published 1954) aUI by W. John Weilgart (1962) Klingon by Marc Okrand for the science-fiction franchise Star Trek (1985) Kēlen by Sylvia Sotomayor (1998) Naʼvi by Paul Frommer for the movie Avatar (2009) Dothraki and Valyrian by David Peterson for the t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language |
Damin (Yangkaal and Lardil people, 19th century or earlier) Eskayan (Eskaya, ca. 1920) Medefaidrin (Ibibio, 1930s) Palawa kani (Palawa, 1990s) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language |
An a posteriori language (from Latin a posteriori, "from the latter"), according to French linguist Louis Couturat, is any constructed language whose elements are borrowed from or based on existing languages. The term can also be extended to controlled versions of natural languages, and is most commonly used to refer t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language |
Brithenig by Andrew Smith (1996) Atlantean by Marc Okrand for the film Atlantis: The Lost Empire (2001) Toki Pona by Sonja Lang (2001) Wenedyk by Jan van Steenbergen (2002) Trigedasleng by David Peterson for the TV series The 100 (2014) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language |
Latino sine flexione (Latin, 1911) Basic English (English, 1925) N'Ko (Manding, 1949) Learning English (English, 1959) Kitara (SW Ugandan Bantu, 1990) Globish (English, 2004) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language |
(1868) Universalglot (1879) Volapük (1887) Esperanto (1902) Idiom Neutral (1907) Ido (1922) Interlingue (1928) Novial (1951) Interlingua (1965) Lingua Franca Nova (1970) Afrihili (ca. 1979) Glosa (1986) Uropi (2007) Sambahsa (2010) Lingwa de planeta | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language |
Efatese (C. Vanuatu Oceanic, 19th century) Romanid (Romance, 1956) Folkspraak (Germanic, 1995) Budinos (Finno-Ugric, 2000s) Interslavic (Slavic, 2011) Palawa kani (Aboriginal Australian, 1992) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language |
Grammatical speculation dates from Classical Antiquity, appearing for instance in Plato's Cratylus in Hermogenes's contention that words are not inherently linked to what they refer to; that people apply "a piece of their own voice ... to the thing". Athenaeus tells the story of two figures: Dionysius of Sicily and Ale... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language |
"He once wrote something ... to the public authorities in Casandreia ... As for what this letter says, in my opinion not even the Pythian god could make sense of it. "While the mechanisms of grammar suggested by classical philosophers were designed to explain existing languages (Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit), they were ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language |
A legend recorded in the seventh-century Irish work Auraicept na n-Éces claims that Fénius Farsaid visited Shinar after the confusion of tongues, and he and his scholars studied the various languages for ten years, taking the best features of each to create in Bérla tóbaide ("the selected language"), which he named Goí... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language |
Hildegard of Bingen, is an example, and apparently the first entirely artificial language. It is a form of private mystical cant (see also Enochian). An important example from Middle-Eastern culture is Balaibalan, invented in the 16th century. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language |
Kabbalistic grammatical speculation was directed at recovering the original language spoken by Adam and Eve in Paradise, lost in the confusion of tongues. The first Christian project for an ideal language is outlined in Dante Alighieri's De vulgari eloquentia, where he searches for the ideal Italian vernacular suited f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language |
Renaissance interest in Ancient Egypt, notably the discovery of the Hieroglyphica of Horapollo, and first encounters with the Chinese script directed efforts towards a perfect written language. Johannes Trithemius, in Steganographia and Polygraphia, attempted to show how all languages can be reduced to one. In the 17th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language |
The 17th century saw the rise of projects for "philosophical" or "a priori" languages, such as: Francis Lodwick's A Common Writing (1647) and The Groundwork or Foundation laid (or So Intended) for the Framing of a New Perfect Language and a Universal Common Writing (1652) Sir Thomas Urquhart's Ekskybalauron (1651) and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language |
Many of these 17th–18th centuries conlangs were pasigraphies, or purely written languages with no spoken form or a spoken form that would vary greatly according to the native language of the reader.Leibniz and the encyclopedists realized that it is impossible to organize human knowledge unequivocally in a tree diagram,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language |
Already in the Encyclopédie attention began to focus on a posteriori auxiliary languages. Joachim Faiguet de Villeneuve in the article on Langue wrote a short proposition of a "laconic" or regularized grammar of French. During the 19th century, a bewildering variety of such International Auxiliary Languages (IALs) were... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language |
However, disagreements between Schleyer and some prominent users of the language led to schism, and by the mid-1890s it fell into obscurity, making way for Esperanto, proposed in 1887 by L. L. Zamenhof, and its descendants. Interlingua, the most recent auxlang to gain a significant number of speakers, emerged in 1951, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language |
Loglan (1955) and its descendants constitute a pragmatic return to the aims of the a priori languages, tempered by the requirement of usability of an auxiliary language. Thus far, these modern a priori languages have garnered only small groups of speakers. Robot Interaction Language (2010) is a spoken language that is ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language |
Artists may use language as a source of creativity in art, poetry, or calligraphy, or as a metaphor to address themes as cultural diversity and the vulnerability of the individual in a globalized world. Some people prefer however to take pleasure in constructing, crafting a language by a conscious decision for reasons ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language |
A Princess of Mars (1912) by Edgar Rice Burroughs was possibly the first fiction of that century to feature a constructed language. J. R. R. Tolkien developed families of related fictional languages and discussed artistic languages publicly, giving a lecture entitled "A Secret Vice" in 1931 at a congress. (Orwell's New... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language |
The matter of whether or not a constructed language can be owned or protected by intellectual property laws, or if it would even be possible to enforce those laws, is contentious. In a 2015 lawsuit, CBS and Paramount Pictures challenged a fan film project called Axanar, stating the project infringed upon their intellec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language |
Furthermore, comprehensive learning material for such constructed languages as High Valyrian and Klingon has been published and made freely accessible on the language-learning platform Duolingo—but those courses are licensed by the respective copyright holders. Because only a few such disputes have occurred thus far, t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language |
Various papers on constructed languages were published from the 1970s through the 1990s, such as Glossopoeic Quarterly, Taboo Jadoo, and The Journal of Planned Languages. The Conlang Mailing List was founded in 1991, and later split off an AUXLANG mailing list dedicated to international auxiliary languages. In the earl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language |
Sarah Higley reports from results of her surveys that the demographics of the Conlang list are primarily men from North America and western Europe, with a smaller number from Oceania, Asia, the Middle East, and South America, with an age range from thirteen to over sixty; the number of women participating has increased... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_language |
Discourse Studies is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal that covers the field of discourse analysis, especially articles that offer a detailed, systematic and explicit analysis of the structures and strategies of text and talk, their cognitive basis and their social, political and cultural functions. It specifi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discourse_Studies |
Discourse Studies is a general journal for the study of text and talk. It features work on the structures and strategies of written and spoken discourse, with a particular focus on cross-disciplinary studies of text and talk in linguistics, communication studies, ethnomethodology, anthropology, cognitive and social psy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discourse_Studies |
Discourse Studies is abstracted and indexed in Scopus and the Social Sciences Citation Index. According to the Journal Citation Reports, its 2012 impact factor is 0.938, ranking it 31st out of 72 journals in the category "Communication". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discourse_Studies |
Brain-reading or thought identification uses the responses of multiple voxels in the brain evoked by stimulus then detected by fMRI in order to decode the original stimulus. Advances in research have made this possible by using human neuroimaging to decode a person's conscious experience based on non-invasive measureme... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-reading |
Identification of complex natural images is possible using voxels from early and anterior visual cortex areas forward of them (visual areas V3A, V3B, V4, and the lateral occipital) together with Bayesian inference. This brain reading approach uses three components: a structural encoding model that characterizes respons... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-reading |
It uses a feedback loop based on brain measurements of the fusiform gyrus area in the brain which activates proportionate with degree of facial recognition.In 2011, a team led by Shinji Nishimoto used only brain recordings to partially reconstruct what volunteers were seeing. The researchers applied a new model, about ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-reading |
Brain-reading has been suggested as an alternative to polygraph machines as a form of lie detection. Another alternative to polygraph machines is blood oxygenated level dependent functional MRI technology (BOLD fMRI). This technique involves the interpretation of the local change in the concentration of oxygenated hemo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-reading |
Laboratory studies have found rates of accuracy of up to 85%; however, there are concerns about what this means for false positive results among non-criminal populations: "If the prevalence of "prevaricators" in the group being examined is low, the test will yield far more false-positive than true-positive results; abo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-reading |
Brain-reading has also been proposed as a method of improving human–machine interfaces, by the use of EEG to detect relevant brain states of a human. In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in patents for technology involved in reading brainwaves, rising from fewer than 400 from 2009–2012 to 1600 in 2014. Thes... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-reading |
It is possible to track which of two forms of rivalrous binocular illusions a person was subjectively experiencing from fMRI signals.When humans think of an object, such as a screwdriver, many different areas of the brain activate. Marcel Just and his colleague, Tom Mitchell, have used fMRI brain scans to teach a compu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-reading |
The category of event which a person freely recalls can be identified from fMRI before they say what they remembered.December 16, 2015, a study conducted by Toshimasa Yamazaki at Kyushu Institute of Technology found that during a rock-paper-scissors game a computer was able to determine the choice made by the subjects ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-reading |
Statistical analysis of EEG brainwaves has been claimed to allow the recognition of phonemes, and (in 1999) at a 60% to 75% level color and visual shape words.On 31 January 2012 Brian Pasley and colleagues of University of California Berkeley published their paper in PLoS Biology wherein subjects' internal neural proce... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-reading |
Later, the computer model of auditory information processing was used to reconstruct some of the words back into sound based on the neural processing of the subjects. However the reconstructed sounds were not of good quality and could be recognized only when the audio wave patterns of the reconstructed sound were visua... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-reading |
Some researchers in 2008 were able to predict, with 60% accuracy, whether a subject was going to push a button with their left or right hand. This is notable, not just because the accuracy is better than chance, but also because the scientists were able to make these predictions up to 10 seconds before the subject acte... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-reading |
Neural decoding techniques have been used to test theories about the predictive brain, and to investigate how top-down predictions affect brain areas such as the visual cortex. Studies using fMRI decoding techniques have found that predictable sensory events and the expected consequences of our actions are better decod... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-reading |
It has also been shown that brain-reading can be achieved in a complex virtual environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-reading |
Just and Mitchell also claim they are beginning to be able to identify kindness, hypocrisy, and love in the brain. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-reading |
In 2013 a project led by University of California Berkeley professor John Chuang published findings on the feasibility of brainwave-based computer authentication as a substitute for passwords. Improvements in the use of biometrics for computer authentication has continually improved since the 1980s, but this research t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-reading |
In order to better attract users to this new form of security the team is still researching mental tasks that are enjoyable for the user to perform while having their brainwaves identified. In the future this method could be as cheap, accessible, and straightforward as thought itself.John-Dylan Haynes states that fMRI ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-reading |
In classification, a pattern of activity across multiple voxels is used to determine the particular class from which the stimulus was drawn. Many studies have classified visual stimuli, but this approach has also been used to classify cognitive states. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-reading |
In reconstruction brain reading the aim is to create a literal picture of the image that was presented. Early studies used voxels from early visual cortex areas (V1, V2, and V3) to reconstruct geometric stimuli made up of flickering checkerboard patterns. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-reading |
EEG has also been used to identify recognition of specific information or memories by the P300 event related potential, which has been dubbed 'brain fingerprinting'. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-reading |
Brain-reading accuracy is increasing steadily as the quality of the data and the complexity of the decoding algorithms improve. In one recent experiment it was possible to identify which single image was being seen from a set of 120. In another it was possible to correctly identify 90% of the time which of two categori... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-reading |
It has been noted that so far brain-reading is limited. "In practice, exact reconstructions are impossible to achieve by any reconstruction algorithm on the basis of brain activity signals acquired by fMRI. This is because all reconstructions will inevitably be limited by inaccuracies in the encoding models and noise i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-reading |
With brain scanning technology becoming increasingly accurate, experts predict important debates over how and when it should be used. One potential area of application is criminal law. Haynes states that simply refusing to use brain scans on suspects also prevents the wrongly accused from proving their innocence. US sc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-reading |
One perspective is to consider whether brain imaging is like testimony, or instead like DNA, blood, or semen. Paul Root Wolpe, director of the Center for Ethics at Emory University in Atlanta predicts that this question will be decided by a Supreme Court case.In other countries outside the United States, thought identi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-reading |
Some neuroscientists and legal scholars doubt the validity of using thought identification as a whole for anything past research on the nature of deception and the brain.The Economist cautioned people to be "afraid" of the future impact, and some ethicists argue that privacy laws should protect private thoughts. Legal ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-reading |
Psychologist John-Dylan Haynes experienced breakthroughs in brain imaging research in 2006 by using fMRI. This research included new findings on visual object recognition, tracking dynamic mental processes, lie detecting, and decoding unconscious processing. The combination of these four discoveries revealed such a sig... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-reading |
Experts are unsure of how far thought identification can expand, but Marcel Just believed in 2014 that in 3–5 years there will be a machine that is able to read complex thoughts such as 'I hate so-and-so'.Donald Marks, founder and chief science officer of MMT, is working on playing back thoughts individuals have after ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-reading |
Episode Black Hole of American medical drama House, which aired on March 15, 2010, featured an experimental "cognitive imaging" device that supposedly allowed seeing into a patient's subconscious mind. The patient was first put in a preparation phase of six hours while watching video clips, attached to a neuroimaging d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-reading |
Mote Park is a 440-acre (1.8 km2) multi-use public park in Maidstone, Kent. Previously a country estate it was converted to landscaped park land at the end of the 18th century before becoming a municipal park. It includes the former stately home Mote House together with a miniature railway and a boating lake. A ground ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mote_Park |
The park's name is derived from 'moot' or 'mote' in Old English meaning "a place of assembly". Its proximity to nearby Penenden Heath (the site of shire moots during the Middle Ages) indicates that it may once have formed part of an administrative region in central Kent. In the 13th century, the "mote" lands were incor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mote_Park |
The Woodville family continued to lay claim to the land despite various interventions during the reign of Richard III and Henry VII. On 17 July 1531, Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn visited it, before their marriage. Passing to Thomas Wyatt the younger, the estate again returned to the Crown under Queen Elizabeth I before f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mote_Park |
The grounds were laid out in the so-called Anglo-Dutch style illustrated in an engraving by Johannes Kip in 1750. Frances Marsham, Lady Romney, was instrumental in redesigning the grounds prior to her death in 1795. On Thursday, August the 1st, 1799, King George III and Prime Minister William Pitt visited the property ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mote_Park |
The event was organised by Lord Romney, Lord-Lieutenant of Kent. The royal party included the Prince of Wales, the Duke of Cumberland and Duke of Gloucester, the Queen, with Princess Augusta and Princess Elizabeth, attended by Lady Harrington. A Doric-style temple was constructed to commemorate the occasion.Between 179... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mote_Park |
At the same time the River Len was dammed to form a lake. The addition of internal roadways, walls, a boathouse and a bridge (the 'Great Bridge') over the lake stretched the financial resources of Charles Marsham, 3rd Baron Romney. Eventually the family gathered enough funds to expand the property and the park reached ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mote_Park |
The Great Bridge was demolished and the lake itself expanded to around 30 acres (120,000 m2). At the peak of its opulence in 1888 an article in the Gardener's Chronicle described extensive gardens, exotic plants and a walled kitchen garden including orangeries, vineries and peach houses, staffed by 25 gardeners. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mote_Park |
In 1895 the estate was sold to Marcus Samuel, 1st Viscount Bearsted. The estate had included the Mote Cricket Club since 1857, and Viscount Bearsted expanded the facility, building a pavilion between 1908 and 1910. (see below). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mote_Park |
In 1929 Walter Samuel, 2nd Viscount Bearsted sold the majority of the estate to Maidstone Borough Council (then the Maidstone Corporation) for £50,000 and converted the house to an orphanage. The family still retains an interest in the park today. Between 1932 and 1941, Mote House (known then as "The Mote") was home to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mote_Park |
In 1941, war forced the Caldecott Community to evacuate to Hyde House in Dorset). Mote House was commandeered by the British Armed Forces who used the kitchen garden as a headquarters and training facility during the Second World War. The Mote / Mote House was subsequently used as offices for the Ministry of Agricultur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mote_Park |
After lying empty for a number of years it was redeveloped (along with its outbuildings) as retirement apartments and cottages.The park itself was remodelled following its purchase in the 1930s and now contains a number of recreation facilities (see below). It was also used as a venue for the annual Kent County Show be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mote_Park |
Mote House itself is a Grade II* listed building incorporating historic outbuildings including the Grade II listed stables.The park also hosted Radio 1's Big Weekend (a music festival) on 10–11 May 2008.In 2011, it was announced that the parkland would undergo a major conservation and improvement project. Lost historic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mote_Park |
In February 2011, scrubland was due to be cleared and 140 new parkland trees planted including alder, birch, hornbeam, sweet chestnut, beech, oak, redwood and lime. Historic views like that between the Volunteers Pavilion and Mote will be reinstated by the removing poorer quality trees. Kent Wildlife Trust is collabora... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mote_Park |
Mote Park Cricket Ground is owned by The Mote Cricket Club and is also used by Maidstone rugby club. Up until 2005, it was used annually by Kent County Cricket Club as one of their out-grounds. After 140 consecutive years of play, Mote Park was taken off the list of county grounds used after a low scoring game that end... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mote_Park |
Three car parks Public Toilets Adventure play-zone Maidstone Leisure Centre Miniature railway - Maidstone Model Engineering Society Cafeteria Angling club Sailing club Association football pitches Rugby pitches Cricket ground Cycling routes BMX Track Skate Park Squash club Disused tether car racing track | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mote_Park |
Multilingual education typically refers to "first-language-first" education, that is, schooling which begins in the mother tongue and transitions to additional languages. Typically MLE programs are situated in developing countries where speakers of minority languages, i.e. non-dominant languages, tend to be disadvantag... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilingual_education |
"Strong Foundation" - Research shows that children whose early education is in the language of their home tend to do better in the later years of their education (Thomas and Collier, 1997). For more information about the effect of "Language of Instruction", see Bilingual education. "Strong Bridge" - an essential differ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilingual_education |
A widespread understanding of MLE programs (UNESCO, 2003, 2005) suggests that instruction take place in the following stages: Stage I - learning takes place entirely in the child's home language Stage II - building fluency in the mother tongue. Introduction of oral L2. Stage III - building oral fluency in L2. Introduct... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilingual_education |
Stage IV - using both L1 and L2 for lifelong learning.MLE proponents stress that the second language acquisition component is seen as a "two-way" bridge, such that learners gain the ability to move back and forth between their mother tongue and the other tongue(s), rather than simply a transitional literacy program whe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilingual_education |
The Multilingual Education in this approach emphasizes first language first in the child taking the socio- cultural curriculum in to classroom culture and then bridge to second language. In addition to the basic theory of Paulo Freire on critical pedagogy, Gramscian theory on education, Lev Vigostky's scaffolding and P... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilingual_education |
Odisha is a multilingual state having more than 40 ethnic languages among the 62 scheduled tribes, along with the Modern Indian Languages like Hindi, Bengali and Telugu. To address the language- education of ethnic minorities children in schools, the Odisha government started Multilingual Education programme, ten triba... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilingual_education |
These are Santali, Saora, Kui, Kuvi, Koya, Kishan, Oroam, Juang, Bonda and Ho. Culturally responsive curriculum and textbooks were prepared for class I to Class V to maintain mother tongue-based multilingual education to educate the tribal children. The state government appointed teachers from the same language communi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilingual_education |
Language policy was also formulated. The programme was also supported by Summer Institute of Linguistics led by Mr Steve Simpson and Vicky Simpson, Pamela Mackenzie. The curriculum and textbooks were prepared by the tribal teachers guided by the MLE resource groups. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilingual_education |
It was initiated in 2005 and is now running in 2250 schools with majority tribal children. This is a sustained MLE programme in Asian countries. About 7 Asian countries have visited the MLE schools. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilingual_education |
Scholars and educators have argued that embracing the diverse linguistic knowledge that immigrant students bring to the developed countries, such as the United States, and using students’ first-languages to help them learn English may be an inexpensive and effective way to integrate and socialize immigrant youth. Allow... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilingual_education |
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