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Dr Mahendra Kumar Mishra started the MLE programme in Chhattisgarh adopting Durua language in MLE programme. Dr Mishra conducted 2 NAtional Seminars and one international Seminar on MLE during 2006-2019. Dr Tove Skutnabb Kangas, Prof Ofelia Gracia, Dr David Haugh, Dr Sitakanta Mahapatra, Dr KHageswar Mohapatra were som... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilingual_education |
The meridian 31° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Greenland, the Atlantic Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole. The 31st meridian west forms a great circle with the 149th meridian east. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/31st_meridian_west |
Starting at the North Pole and heading south to the South Pole, the 31st meridian west passes through: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/31st_meridian_west |
The Dover test is an informal test and a journalistic phrase to describe whether the general population of the United States is supporting the participation of the United States in a war or other military action by the public reaction to returning war casualties. The test is usually used to support a partisan position ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dover_test |
The test's name refers to Dover Air Force Base in Dover, Delaware in the United States. The base is home to the Department of Defense's Charles C. Carson Center for Mortuary Affairs. 50,000 U.S. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dover_test |
casualties have arrived at this airport since 1955. An early use of the term "Dover test" was uttered by Senator John Glenn (D-Ohio) in 1994. The Dover test was also explicitly mentioned by Gen. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dover_test |
Hugh Shelton in 1999, and again on January 19, 2000 when he said: ...(M)ust be subjected to what I call the 'Dover test.' Is the American public prepared for the sight of our most precious resource coming home in flag-draped caskets into Dover Air Force Base in Delaware – which is a point entry for our Armed Forces? Th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dover_test |
Some say that certain deduction from the tests can be attained, though. If the United States population continues to support the war after the news coverage, then the U.S. government has passed the Dover test, and continued warfare probably does not reduce the popularity of the government. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dover_test |
If the American population does not continue to support the war, then the government has failed the test, and continued warfare may reduce the popularity of the government. Differing factions may use reactions to the results to further their own motives. Subsequently, the test is used more often to support someone's op... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dover_test |
The return of American war casualties created difficulties for the U.S. government for the first time during the Vietnam War, where the public opinion changed against the war during the conflict. On December 21, 1989, during the invasion of Panama, President George Herbert Walker Bush prohibited media coverage of retur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dover_test |
Operation Restore Hope in Mogadishu, Somalia, could be said to have failed the Dover test after the Battle of Mogadishu on October 3, 1993, when the mutilated bodies of US soldiers were shown on the news. Public support quickly fell and U.S. forces were soon withdrawn. During November 2000, the Clinton administration e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dover_test |
However, this rule was rarely enforced. During the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan in 2001, photos of returning war casualties were frequently shown on the news. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dover_test |
The Dover test was most recently mentioned by the press in regard to the invasion and occupation of Iraq. The Bush administration tried to avoid having to pass the Dover test by enforcing the rule from the end of the Clinton administration. Tami Silicio, a worker for a military contractor in Kuwait took photos of the c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dover_test |
Subsequently she and her husband were terminated by the contractor. Shortly thereafter a journalist from The Memory Hole requested casualty photos under the Freedom of Information Act, and received a number of pictures. Some photographs at the site were later identified as the coffins of Space Shuttle Columbia crewmemb... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dover_test |
Dunnage bags, also known as airbags, and inflatable bags, are used to secure and stabilize cargo. Introduced around 1970, dunnage bags provide convenient and cost-effective cargo stabilization in ISO sea containers, closed railcars, trucks, and oceangoing vessels. As improperly secured cargo is a safety hazard, dunnage... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunnage_bag |
Dunnage airbags consist of closed chambers made from an elastic film filled with air. These are placed in the void between the cargo to stabilize, secure, and protect it during transportation. The quantity of inflation air may be varied in accordance with the particular properties and requirements of the package conten... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunnage_bag |
Therefore, almost any type of cargo can be secured with them, including break bulk and palletized cargo, coils, barrels, cases, and crates. Dunnage bags are very safe to use for both the shipping and receiving end of transportation, and are waterproof. They inflate rapidly with compressed air, and are easy to install; ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunnage_bag |
Important in the use of dunnage bags is that the size of the bag is determined by the void. If this does not match, the bags will not do their work properly, with potential large damage to cargo and people. For air cushions, it is important to avoid damage as a result of wear and tear. Air cushions should never be used... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunnage_bag |
Some bags can be reused, and are ultimately recyclable. To reuse the dunnage bag, it needs to be undamaged and equipped with a screw-on quick fill valve. For single use, the bag is equipped with a quick-fill one-way safety valve. Inflatable air cushions are available both as disposable items and as recyclable products. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunnage_bag |
Paper dunnage bags are made out of two components, an inner component that consists of a polyethylene inner bag, the outer component is a paper bag. The outer bag is made of the highest quality, light weight kraft paper of high tensile strength. The bags come in different strengths and varieties and can be made in any ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunnage_bag |
The inner component provides optimum pressure, and the outer component provides optimum strength. For use in the chemical industry, paper bags can be polycoated. A polycoat will make the bag resistant to specific chemicals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunnage_bag |
Woven polypropylene bags are extremely durable and can be used in dry and wet conditions. These bags are best for extreme heavy loads. Poly woven airbags have greater elasticity than paper dunnage airbags for more surface contact with the pallets. The woven material provides greater tear strength and superior moisture ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunnage_bag |
The paper used on the outside of the bag is laminated on the inside with a woven polypropylene layer, which allows higher resistance to punctures and moisture. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunnage_bag |
Dunnage bags are susceptible to pointed and sharp articles such as nails. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunnage_bag |
The higher education bubble in the United States is the possibility that excessive investment in higher education could have negative repercussions in the broader economy. Although college tuition payments are rising, the supply of college graduates in many fields of study is exceeding the demand for their skills, whic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States |
The claim has generally been used to justify cuts to public higher education spending, tax cuts, or a shift of government spending towards law enforcement and national security. There is a further concern that having an excess supply of college graduates exacerbates political instability, historically linked to having ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States |
Department of Education, by the late 2010s, people with technical or vocational trainings are slightly more likely to be employed than those with a bachelor's degree and significantly more likely to be employed in their fields of specialty. The United States currently suffers from a shortage of skilled tradespeople. Th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States |
Louis noted in 2019 that investment in higher education has reached a point of diminishing marginal returns. Undergraduate and graduate enrollments have both been in decline, while trade schools continue to attract growing numbers of students. White men are a major group opting for alternatives to higher education. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States |
Many faculty members are leaving academia, especially those from the humanities. At the same time, university graduates are likely to regret having studied the humanities and liberal arts. While academics maintain that certain subjects are worth studying for their own sake, students are more concerned with increasing t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States |
Thanks to the GI Bill and the population boom after World War II, demand for higher education grew significantly during the late twentieth century, making it one of the major sectors of growth in the economy of the United States. Historically, high schools separated students on career tracks, but all this changed in th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States |
This "Bennett hypothesis" claims that readily available loans allow schools to increase tuition without regard to demand elasticity. College rankings are partially driven by spending levels, and higher tuition is also correlated with increased public perceptions of prestige. From the 1980s to the 2010s, demand has incr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States |
In the aftermath of the Great Recession of 2007-2009, Americans flocked back to school in order to adapt to the new economy. A 2011 study from the Labor Department found that a bachelor's degree "represents a significant advantage in the job market." In 2011, The Chronicle of Higher Education ran an article saying that... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States |
The data also suggests that, notwithstanding a slight increase in 2008–09, student loan default rates have declined between the mid-1980s and 1990s and early 2010s. The management consulting firm McKinsey & Company projected in 2011 that a shortage of college-educated workers and a surplus of workers without college de... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States |
By 2019, the total college debt exceeded US$1.5 trillion, and two out of three college graduates were saddled with debt. Glenn Reynolds argued in his book, The Higher Education Bubble (2012), that higher education as a "product grows more and more elaborate—and more expensive—but the expense is offset by cheap credit p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States |
Economists Michael Spence and Joe Stiglitz suggest that much of the worth of a university degree lies not in the skills acquired, but rather market signaling. Because a university degree still had considerable value despite its cost, higher education might be an example of a Veblen good, albeit a subtle rather than a c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States |
Louis presented in 2018 predicts a declining but still positive income premium for completing college but a declining wealth premium, which is almost indistinguishable from zero for the most recent cohort. Those with college degrees are much less likely than those without to be unemployed, even though they are more exp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States |
By the 2010s, as institutions of higher education came under heightened skepticism due to high costs and disappointing results. People became increasingly concerned about debts and deficits, forcing institutions to prove their worth by clarifying how much money from which industry and company funded research, and how m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States |
According to Gallup, public confidence in higher education has declined "sharply" between 2015 and 2023; even those with bachelor's or advanced degrees were less approving than before. An alternative proposal suggests that there is no general bubble in higher education because, on average, higher education really does ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States |
Indeed, student interest has shifted away from low-paying programs towards those of greater value in the job market. (See chart above.) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States |
Among graduates of the early 2020s, the most regretted majors are journalism, sociology, liberal arts/general studies, communications, and education; the least regretted majors are computer science and information technology, criminology, engineering, nursing, and health. Music and the visual arts are the most likely t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States |
Prospective employers and state governments have gotten pickier in the collegiate programs they are willing to finance. As of 2023, seven states have passed legislation requiring the disclosure of data on the worth of a university, such as students' loan payment and post-graduation employment. Another reason for the de... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States |
On the other hand, in the life sciences, the number of students or researchers interested in a postdoctoral fellowship has plummeted thanks to a boom in the biotechnology industry, which has an insatiable appetite for talents and is willing to pay much higher than universities. In physics and engineering, which are tra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States |
As of 2012, 29% of student debtors never graduated, and those who did could take decades to pay back the money they owed. The 2010s were a turbulent period for higher education in the United States, as small private colleges from across the country face deep financial trouble due to higher tuition discounts in order to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States |
Pew Trusts projected in 2022 that most U.S. states will see a decline in grade-school enrollments during the 2020s, which would help curb of the cost of higher education going forward. A 2019 analysis by Moody's Investor Services estimated that about 20% of all small private liberal arts colleges in the United States w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States |
Between the early 2000s and early 2020s, hundreds of institutions permanently closed their doors. In fact, they were closing at an accelerating rate, and for-profit institutions were the hardest hit, as they were targeted by stricter regulations from the Obama administration. Public universities had to downsize or to m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States |
Rural ones have closed majors across the board, from the humanities to the sciences. More than half of the colleges and universities that remained saw substantial reductions in the number of students attending. Such institutions have adapted to the new reality by dropping programs with low student interest, including m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States |
By the early 2020s, the rate of growth of tuition fees has dropped, and some schools are even freezing to cutting theirs. If affordable or free online learning continues to grow, then non-elite institutions would struggle to justify their physical infrastructure. On the other hand, prestigious universities continue to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States |
This is due partly to students sending their applications to more schools for a chance of getting admitted and because (elite) institutions have not significantly expanded their capacities.The arrival of COVID-19 in the United States in 2020 merely accelerated the process. The novel coronavirus not only wrought havoc o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States |
Undergraduate enrollments dropped even after the return of in-person classes. Worse still for colleges and universities, they have become dependent on foreign students for revenue because they pay full tuition fees and the international restrictions imposed to alleviate the spread of the pandemic mean that this stream ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States |
Numerous institutions, including elite ones, have suspended graduate programs in the humanities and liberal arts due to low student interest and dim employment prospects. Various polls indicate that growing numbers of Americans have become skeptical of the value of higher education relative to the cost and would like t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States |
Young men, especially whites, are increasingly looking elsewhere due to the hostility of identity politics on campus towards them, viewing them as a "privileged" group. Meanwhile, the number of women's colleges continues to fall, following a decades-long trend. But community colleges have fared the worst of all, losing... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States |
Prospective students have been shunning them in large numbers due to the low quality of education and student services.Some employers are now hiring fresh graduates from high school, offering them generous bonuses, high wages, and apprenticeship programs in order to offset the ongoing labor shortage. Trade schools and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States |
Before Biden, President Donald Trump signed an executive order to expand federal funding for apprenticeship programs with bipartisan support in 2017. In 2022, President Biden announced an initiative aimed at expanding apprenticeship and work-based training programs in K-12 public schools in order to create a competitiv... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States |
Louis using data from the 2016 Survey of Consumer Finances demonstrated that after controlling for race and age cohort, families with heads of household with post-secondary education who were born before 1980 have benefited from wealth and income premiums, while for families with heads of household with post-secondary ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States |
Graduates who majored in the humanities and the liberal arts in the 2010s were most likely to regret having done so and had lower expected incomes than their counterparts in STEM.Between the early 2000s and the late 2010s, the number of students from emerging economies going abroad for higher education increased, and t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States |
colleges and universities. Dependency on foreign students threatens the future of many American schools, which have hitherto been assuming that the number of international applicants would keep growing. In reality, international enrollments have been falling since 2015.Falling demand for higher education in the United ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States |
The view that higher education is a bubble is debated. Some economists do not think that returns to a college education are falling but instead believe that the benefits far outweigh the costs. Yet, the returns for marginal students or students in certain majors, especially at costly private universities, may not justi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States |
A higher return would suggest underinvestment in higher education, but lower returns would suggest a bubble. Studies have typically found a causal relationship between growth and education, although the quality and type of education matters, and not just the number of years of schooling.In a financial bubble, assets li... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States |
Because the asset acquired through college attendance – a higher education – cannot be sold but only rented through wages, there is no similar mechanism that would cause an abrupt collapse in the value of existing degrees. For this reason, this analogy could be misleading. However, one rebuttal to the claims that a bub... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States |
Federal student aid policy has steadily put resources into student loan programs rather than need-based grants, a trend that straps future generations with high debt burdens. Even students who receive federal grant aid are finding it more difficult to pay for college. "However, the data actually show that notwithstandi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States |
During both periods of growth and recession, those with college degrees are much less likely than those without to be unemployed, even though they earn higher wages.Ohio University economist Richard Vedder has written in The Wall Street Journal that: A key measure of the benefits of a degree is the college graduate's e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States |
A college degree's declining value is even more pronounced for younger Americans. According to data collected by the College Board, for those in the 25–34 age range, the differential between college graduate and high school graduate earnings fell 11% for men, to $18,303 from $20,623. The decline for women was an extrao... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States |
A different explanation for rising tuition is the reduction of state and federal appropriations to colleges, making them more reliant on student tuition. Thus, it is not a bubble but a form of shifting costs away from state and federal funding over to students. This has mostly applied to public universities which in 20... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States |
As evidence for this hypothesis, it has been suggested that returning bankruptcy protections (and other standard consumer protections) to student loans would cause lenders to be more cautious, thereby causing a sharp decline in the availability of student loans, which, in turn, would decrease the influx of dollars to c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States |
"Azar Nafisi, Johns Hopkins University professor and bestselling author of Reading Lolita in Tehran, has stated on the PBS NewsHour that a purely economic analysis of a higher education bubble is incomplete: Universities become sort of like canaries in the mine for a culture. They become the sort of standard of where c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States |
And universities represent all the different areas and fields within a society. And the students and faculty come from all these fields. This is a community that represents the best that a society has to offer. And there was a mention of our universities being the best in the world. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States |
The social character is the central basic concept of the analytic social psychology of Erich Fromm. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_character |
The concept describes the formation of the shared character structure of the people of a society or a social class according to their way of life and the socially typical expectations and functional requirements regarding socially adaptive behavior. Social character is essentially adaptive to the dominant mode of produ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_character |
The social character is acquired substantially in the family as an agent of the society but also developed in other institutions of society such as schools and workplaces. The function of the social character is to motivate people to accomplish the expected social tasks concerning work and interaction, education and co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_character |
Erich Fromm emphasizes the social necessities, which must be obeyed by the members of a society. So that a society functions adequately, their members must acquire a character structure which enables them to do what they need to do in order to prosper. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_character |
It is for example expected in an authoritarian society that people are motivated to subordinate themselves to a hierarchy and fulfill selflessly the instructions brought to them. In peasant society, people are socialized to save and to work independently. However, in the permissive consumer culture people are socialize... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_character |
Thus the character structure in every society is formed in such a way that people can fulfill expectations quasi voluntarily. Although everyone develops character traits and character orientations that distinguish them from people who live in other cultures, people in every culture with the same mode of production shar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_character |
So he examines the part of the character structure which is shared by most members of a society. Fromm describes this general core in the character as social character. The figuration of the social character takes place in most societies at cost of the spontaneity and freedom of the individuals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_character |
Fromm, Erich (1942). Character and Social Process. An Appendix to Fear of Freedom, Routledge. Fromm, Erich (1994). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_character |
"Appendix: Character and the social process". In Escape from Freedom. New York: Henry Holt and Company, pp. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_character |
275–296. ISBN 0805031499. Fromm, Erich and Michael Maccoby (1996). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_character |
Social Character in a Mexican Village. New Brunswick: Transaction Publisher. ISBN 1560008768. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_character |
Jensen, Walter A. (2017). "What is social character?" | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_character |
In Erich Fromm's contributions to sociological theory. Kalamazoo, MI: Printmill, pp. 59–172. ISBN 978-0970491947. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_character |
Fish medicine is the study and treatment of the diseases of fish. Although some practitioners work primarily with aquarium fish, this field also has important applications to fisheries management. Fish medicine is a relatively recent veterinary specialization; veterinary textbooks in the English language were not publi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_medicine |
Lacanianism or Lacanian psychoanalysis is a theoretical system that explains the mind, behaviour, and culture through a structuralist and post-structuralist extension of classical psychoanalysis, initiated by the work of Jacques Lacan from the 1950s to the 1980s. Lacanian perspectives contend that the world of language... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacanianism |
Equally, it has been criticised by the post-structuralists Deleuze and Guattari and by various feminist theorists. Its clinical relevance is limited and outside France it has had no influence on psychiatry. There is a Lacanian strand in left-wing politics, including Saul Newman's and Duane Rousselle's post-anarchism, L... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacanianism |
Lacanians view the structure of the mind as defined by the individual's entry as an infant into the world of language, the Symbolic, through an Oedipal process. Like other post-structuralist approaches, Lacanianism regards the subject as an illusion created when an individual is signified (represented in language). How... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacanianism |
Language is hence a discourse of the Other, outside conscious control. The unconscious mind is constituted by a network of empty signifiers that resurface in language—particularly dreams and Freudian slips—and Lacanian clinical practice focuses closely on the precise words used by the analysand (patient), which Lacan c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacanianism |
Lacanians contend that desire cannot be satisfied, as the object and cause of desire is an unobtainable object, the objet petit a, which the subject continually associates with different things that they wrongly believe will satisfy their desire. Objet a exists as a consequence of the division of the subject in signifi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacanianism |
Neurotic subjects—that is to say, most people—are then always either hysterical or obsessional. The three clinical structures describe the subject's relationship to the Other and are each associated with a different defence mechanism: psychotics use foreclosure, a rejection of the father's authority in the Oedipus comp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacanianism |
Lacan's first official contribution to psychoanalysis was the mirror stage, which he described as "formative of the function of the 'I' as revealed in psychoanalytic experience." By the early 1950s, he came to regard the mirror stage as more than a moment in the life of the infant; instead, it formed part of the perman... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacanianism |
In the first place, it has historical value as it marks a decisive turning-point in the mental development of the child. In the second place, it typifies an essential libidinal relationship with the body-image".As this concept developed further, the stress fell less on its historical value and more on its structural va... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacanianism |
It illustrates the conflictual nature of the dual relationship. " The mirror stage describes the formation of the ego via the process of objectification, the ego being the result of a conflict between one's perceived visual appearance and one's emotional experience. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacanianism |
This identification is what Lacan called "alienation". At six months, the baby still lacks physical co-ordination. The child is able to recognize themselves in a mirror prior to the attainment of control over their bodily movements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacanianism |
The child sees their image as a whole and the synthesis of this image produces a sense of contrast with the lack of co-ordination of the body, which is perceived as a fragmented body. The child experiences this contrast initially as a rivalry with their image, because the wholeness of the image threatens the child with... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacanianism |
Lacan understood this moment of identification as a moment of jubilation, since it leads to an imaginary sense of mastery; yet when the child compares their own precarious sense of mastery with the omnipotence of the mother, a depressive reaction may accompany the jubilation.Lacan calls the specular image "orthopaedic"... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacanianism |
In the mirror stage a "misunderstanding" (méconnaissance) constitutes the ego—the "me" (moi) becomes alienated from itself through the introduction of an imaginary dimension to the subject. The mirror stage also has a significant symbolic dimension, due to the presence of the figure of the adult who carries the infant.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacanianism |
Lacan's concept of desire is related to Hegel's Begierde, a term that implies a continuous force, and therefore somehow differs from Freud's concept of Wunsch. Lacan's desire refers always to unconscious desire because it is unconscious desire that forms the central concern of psychoanalysis. The aim of psychoanalysis ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacanianism |
And again in The Ego in Freud's Theory and in the Technique of Psychoanalysis: "what is important is to teach the subject to name, to articulate, to bring desire into existence. The subject should come to recognize and to name her/his desire. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacanianism |
But it isn't a question of recognizing something that could be entirely given. In naming it, the subject creates, brings forth, a new presence in the world." | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacanianism |
The truth about desire is somehow present in discourse, although discourse is never able to articulate the entire truth about desire; whenever discourse attempts to articulate desire, there is always a leftover or surplus.Lacan distinguishes desire from need and from demand. Need is a biological instinct where the subj... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacanianism |
Consequently, "demand" acquires a double function: on the one hand, it articulates "need", and on the other, acts as a "demand for love". Even after the "need" articulated in demand is satisfied, the "demand for love" remains unsatisfied since the Other cannot provide the unconditional love that the subject seeks. "Des... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacanianism |
Desire is a surplus, a leftover, produced by the articulation of need in demand: "desire begins to take shape in the margin in which demand becomes separated from need". Unlike need, which can be satisfied, desire can never be satisfied: it is constant in its pressure and eternal. The attainment of desire does not cons... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacanianism |
As Slavoj Žižek puts it, "desire's raison d'être is not to realize its goal, to find full satisfaction, but to reproduce itself as desire".Lacan also distinguishes between desire and the drives: desire is one and drives are many. The drives are the partial manifestations of a single force called desire. Lacan's concept... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacanianism |
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