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Desire is not a relation to an object but a relation to a lack (manque). In The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis Lacan argues that "man's desire is the desire of the Other." This entails the following: Desire is the desire of the Other's desire, meaning that desire is the object of another's desire and that ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacanianism |
Here Lacan follows Alexandre Kojève, who follows Hegel: for Kojève the subject must risk his own life if he wants to achieve the desired prestige. This desire to be the object of another's desire is best exemplified in the Oedipus complex, when the subject desires to be the phallus of the mother. In "The Subversion of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacanianism |
Again Lacan follows Kojève. who follows Hegel. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacanianism |
This aspect of desire is present in hysteria, for the hysteric is someone who converts another's desire into his/her own (see Sigmund Freud's "Fragment of an Analysis of a Case of Hysteria" in SE VII, where Dora desires Frau K because she identifies with Herr K). What matters then in the analysis of a hysteric is not t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacanianism |
The fundamental desire is the incestuous desire for the mother, the primordial Other. Desire is "the desire for something else", since it is impossible to desire what one already has. The object of desire is continually deferred, which is why desire is a metonymy. Desire appears in the field of the Other—that is, in th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacanianism |
Lacan considered the human psyche to be framed within the three orders of The Imaginary, The Symbolic and The Real (RSI). The three divisions in their varying emphases also correspond roughly to the development of Lacan's thought. As he himself put it in Seminar XXII, "I began with the Imaginary, I then had to chew on ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacanianism |
Developing Henri Wallon's concept of infant mirroring, he used the idea of the mirror stage to demonstrate the imaginary nature of the ego, in opposition to the views of ego psychology.In the fifties, the focus of Lacan's interest shifted to the symbolic order of kinship, culture, social structure and roles—all mediate... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacanianism |
Lacan's thinking was intimately geared not only to the work of Freud but to that of the most prominent of his psychoanalytic successors—Heinz Hartmann, Melanie Klein, Michael Balint, D. W. Winnicott and more. With Lacan's break with official psychoanalysis in 1963–1964, however, a tendency developed to look for a pure,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacanianism |
It was this phase of his teaching that was memorialised in Écrits, and which first found its way into the English-speaking world, where more Lacanians were thus to be found in English or Philosophy Departments than in clinical practice.However the very extent of Lacan's following raised serious criticisms: he was accus... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacanianism |
As a body of thought, Lacanianism began to make its way into the English-speaking world from the sixties onwards, influencing film theory, feminist thought, queer theory, and psychoanalytic criticism, as well as politics and social sciences, primarily through the concepts of the Imaginary and the Symbolic. As the role ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacanianism |
Élisabeth Roudinesco has suggested that, after the founding of the EFP "the history of psychoanalysis in France became subordinate to that of Lacanianism...the Lacanian movement occupied thereafter the motor position in relation to which the other movements were obliged to determine their course'". There was certainly ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacanianism |
The start of the eighties saw the post-Lacanian movement dissolve into a plethora of new organisations, of which the Millerite Ecole de la Cause freudienne (ECF, 273 members) and the Centre de formation et de recherches psychoanalytiques (CFRP, 390 members) are perhaps the most important. By 1993 another fourteen assoc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacanianism |
Three main divisions can be made in contemporary Lacanianism. In one form, the academic reading of a de-clinicalised Lacan has become a pursuit in itself. The (self-styled) legitimatism of the ECF, developed into an international movement with strong Spanish support as well as Latin American roots, set itself up as a r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacanianism |
Judith Butler, Bracha L. Ettinger and Jane Gallop have used Lacanian work, though in a critical way, to develop gender theory. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacanianism |
Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, the latter a trained Lacanian analyst, launched a major attack on Lacanian psychoanalysis from within post-structuralism in Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia (1972). Frederick Crews writes that when they "indicted Lacanian psychoanalysis as a capitalist disorder" and "pillori... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacanianism |
The networks of signifiers to which so much weight is given in Lacanianism are structures created by desiring-machines, above the level of the unconscious. Hence Lacanian analysis works to solve neurosis, but it fails to see that neuroses are a second-order problem that reveal nothing about the unconscious—as does Freu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacanianism |
Deleuze and Guattari proposed an alternative post-structuralist extension of classical psychoanalysis, schizoanalysis, which was defined in opposition to these apparent flaws in Lacanianism. Unlike Lacanianism, schizoanalysis openly repudiates parts of Freud, particularly his neurotic conception of the unconscious, and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacanianism |
Elizabeth Grosz accuses Lacan of maintaining a sexist tradition in psychoanalysis.Luce Irigaray accuses Lacan of perpetuating phallocentric mastery in philosophical and psychoanalytic discourse. Others have echoed this accusation, seeing Lacan as trapped in the very phallocentric mastery his language ostensibly sought ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacanianism |
In statistics, the Horvitz–Thompson estimator, named after Daniel G. Horvitz and Donovan J. Thompson, is a method for estimating the total and mean of a pseudo-population in a stratified sample. Inverse probability weighting is applied to account for different proportions of observations within strata in a target popul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horvitz–Thompson_estimator |
Formally, let Y i , i = 1 , 2 , … , n {\displaystyle Y_{i},i=1,2,\ldots ,n} be an independent sample from n of N ≥ n distinct strata with a common mean μ. Suppose further that π i {\displaystyle \pi _{i}} is the inclusion probability that a randomly sampled individual in a superpopulation belongs to the ith stratum. Th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horvitz–Thompson_estimator |
Hence, π i − 1 Y i {\displaystyle \pi _{i}^{-1}Y_{i}} could be thought of as an estimate of the complete sample of persons within the ith stratum. The Horvitz–Thompson estimator can also be expressed as the limit of a weighted bootstrap resampling estimate of the mean. It can also be viewed as a special case of multipl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horvitz–Thompson_estimator |
In such cases, computating the variance of μ ^ H T {\displaystyle {\hat {\mu }}_{HT}} is not straightforward. Resampling techniques such as the bootstrap or the jackknife can be applied to gain consistent estimates of the variance of the Horvitz–Thompson estimator. The "survey" package for R conducts analyses for post-... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horvitz–Thompson_estimator |
Crime reconstruction or crime scene reconstruction is the forensic science discipline in which one gains "explicit knowledge of the series of events that surround the commission of a crime using deductive and inductive reasoning, physical evidence, scientific methods, and their interrelationships". Gardner and Bevel ex... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime_reconstruction |
Crime scene reconstruction has been described as putting together a jigsaw puzzle but doing so without access to the box top; the analyst does not know what the picture is supposed to look like. Furthermore, not all of the pieces are likely to be present, so there will be holes in the picture. However, if enough pieces... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime_reconstruction |
Specific incident reconstruction deals with road traffic accidents, bombings, homicides, and accidents of any severity. Event reconstruction looks at connections between evidence, sequence of events, and identity of those involved. Physical evidence reconstruction focuses on such items as firearms, blood traces, glass ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime_reconstruction |
To be competent as a crime scene reconstructionist, one must possess the requisite technical knowledge and have a thorough understanding of forensic investigations. There are no set educational requirements; however, many practicing crime scene reconstructionists possess undergraduate or graduate degrees in forensic sc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime_reconstruction |
Chisum and Turvey explain that to perform crime reconstruction one need not "be an expert in all forensic disciplines" but "must become an expert in only one: the interpretation of the evidence in context." The crime scene reconstructionist may not be the person who carries out laboratory analysis of evidence such as d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime_reconstruction |
The Association for Crime Scene Reconstruction was formed in 1991 by a group of crime scene professionals who "saw a need for an organization that would encompass an understanding of the whole crime scene and the necessity of reconstructing that scene in order to better understand the elements of the crime and to recog... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime_reconstruction |
The International Association for Identification (IAI) had previously offered the only nationally recognized Certified Crime Scene Reconstructionist program in the United States. Whilst the board continues to support their currently certified reconstructionists, the program has been suspended as of 21 March 2017 due to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime_reconstruction |
Center for Evolutionary Psychology (CEP) is a research center co-founded and co-directed by John Tooby and Leda Cosmides and is affiliated with the University of California, Santa Barbara. The center is meant to provide research support and comprehensive training in the field of evolutionary psychology. The goals of th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Evolutionary_Psychology |
Hand-stopping is a technique by which a natural horn or a natural trumpet can be made to produce notes outside of its normal harmonic series. By inserting the hand, cupped, into the bell, the player can reduce the pitch of a note by a semitone or more. This, combined with the use of crooks changing the key of the instr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hand-stopping |
In addition to the change in pitch, the timbre is changed, sounding somewhat muted. Some pieces call for notes to be played stopped (sometimes written as gestopft in the score) specifically in order to produce this muted tone. This can clearly be heard on recordings of natural horns playing pre-valve repertoire such as... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hand-stopping |
The pitch control is affected by the degree of closing the bell with the right hand. As the palm closes the bell, the effective tube length is increased, lowering the pitch (up to about a semitone for horns in the range D through G). But when the hand stops the bell completely, the tube length is shortened, raising pit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hand-stopping |
Borchert's epochs refer to five distinct periods in the history of American urbanization and are also known as Borchert's model of urban evolution. Each epoch is characterized by the impact of a particular transport technology on the creation and differential rates of growth of American cities. This model was conceptua... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borchert's_Epochs |
The impressionable years hypothesis is a theory of political psychology that posits that individuals form durable political attitudes and party affiliations during late adolescence and early adulthood. In United States political history, the theory has been used to explain the waxing and waning in the strength of the t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impressionable_years_hypothesis |
According to the impressionable years hypothesis, the historical environment has an important socializing influence on individuals of entire generations, and individuals within these generations thus tend to share values and attitudes compared to individuals within other generations. Under the strictest definition of t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impressionable_years_hypothesis |
The "increasing persistence hypothesis" posits that attitudes become less likely to change as individuals become older, while the "life-long openness hypothesis" proposes that the attitudes of individuals remain flexible regardless of age.An influential 1928 essay by Karl Mannheim proposed that political leanings were ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impressionable_years_hypothesis |
Polling and analyses by Gallup, the Pew Research Center, and other sources have found that year of birth is an important predictor of political affiliation. For example, Baby boomers born during the early-to-mid 1950s tend to be significantly more Democratic-leaning than those born earlier or later. These Baby Boomers ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impressionable_years_hypothesis |
The model works best with white voters, as black voters have tended to more consistently vote for Democratic candidates, and there is less data available for the remaining demographic groups. According to the model, popular presidents such as Dwight D. Eisenhower can leave lasting impressions on voters in their young a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impressionable_years_hypothesis |
Osborne et al. use the theory to partially explain the decline of the Democratic Party and the New Deal coalition in the South. According to their theory, the events of the civil rights movement were extremely unpopular among white Southerners and the support of national Democratic leadership for the civil rights movem... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impressionable_years_hypothesis |
The impressionable years hypothesis has also been explored in other countries. A 2002 study by James Tilley found that individuals in the United Kingdom who came of age during the 1920s, 1950s, and 1980s tended to more strongly support the Conservative Party, which was dominant during those decades. A 2004 study in Alg... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impressionable_years_hypothesis |
Special Education Bulgaria (SEB) (Bulgarian: Специална Педагогика България) is a community of practice, a professional community, for special education professionals and the parents of students with special needs throughout Bulgaria. SEB was developed by researchers from Sofia University, Bulgaria and the University of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Education_Bulgaria |
ARMA International (formerly the Association of Records Managers and Administrators) is a not-for-profit (charitable) membership association for information professionals – primarily information management (including records management) and information governance, and related industry practitioners and vendors. The ass... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARMA_International |
The Association was founded in 1955. In 1975, the Association of Records Executives and Administrators (AREA) and the American Records Management Association merged to form ARMA International. The headquarters for ARMA International is located in Overland Park, Kansas. ARMA International services professionals in the U... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARMA_International |
Its members include records managers, attorneys, information technology professionals, consultants, and archivists involved in various aspects of managing records and information assets. ARMA hosts an annual conference with the goal of bringing together record and information management professionals from around the wo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARMA_International |
A gamma wave or gamma rhythm is a pattern of neural oscillation in humans with a frequency between 25 and 140 Hz, the 40 Hz point being of particular interest. Gamma rhythms are correlated with large scale brain network activity and cognitive phenomena such as working memory, attention, and perceptual grouping, and can... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_wave |
Gamma waves can be detected by electroencephalography or magnetoencephalography. One of the earliest reports of gamma wave activity was recorded from the visual cortex of awake monkeys. Subsequently, significant research activity has concentrated on gamma activity in visual cortex.Gamma activity has also been detected ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_wave |
Gamma oscillations have also been shown to correlate with the firing of single neurons, mostly inhibitory neurons, during all states of the wake-sleep cycle. Gamma wave activity is most prominent during alert, attentive wakefulness. However, the mechanisms and substrates by which gamma activity may help to generate dif... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_wave |
Some researchers contest the validity or meaningfulness of gamma wave activity detected by scalp EEG, because the frequency band of gamma waves overlaps with the electromyographic frequency band. Thus, gamma signal recordings could be contaminated by muscle activity. Studies utilizing local muscle paralysis techniques ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_wave |
Gamma waves may participate in the formation of coherent, unified perception, also known as the problem of combination in the binding problem, due to their apparent synchronization of neural firing rates across distinct brain regions. 40-Hz gamma waves were first suggested to participate in visual consciousness in 1988... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_wave |
Later the same authors expressed skepticism over the idea that 40-Hz oscillations are a sufficient condition for visual awareness.A number of experiments conducted by Rodolfo Llinás supports a hypothesis that the basis for consciousness in awake states and dreaming is 40-Hz oscillations throughout the cortical mantle i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_wave |
The suggested mechanism is that gamma waves relate to neural consciousness via the mechanism for conscious attention: The proposed answer lies in a wave that, originating in the thalamus, sweeps the brain from front to back, 40 times per second, drawing different neuronal circuits into synch with the precept , and ther... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_wave |
This brings a distributed matrix of cognitive processes together to generate a coherent, concerted cognitive act, such as perception. This has led to theories that gamma waves are associated with solving the binding problem.Gamma waves are observed as neural synchrony from visual cues in both conscious and subliminal s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_wave |
Altered gamma wave activity is associated with mood disorders such as major depression or bipolar disorder and may be a potential biomarker to differentiate between unipolar and bipolar disorders. For example, human subjects with high depression scores exhibit differential gamma signaling when performing emotional, spa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_wave |
Decreased gamma-wave activity is observed in schizophrenia. Specifically, the amplitude of gamma oscillations is reduced, as is the synchrony of different brain regions involved in tasks such as visual oddball and Gestalt perception. People with schizophrenia perform worse on these behavioral tasks, which relate to per... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_wave |
Gamma oscillations are observed in the majority of seizures and may contribute to their onset in epilepsy. Visual stimuli such as large, high-contrast gratings that are known to trigger seizures in photosensitive epilepsy also drive gamma oscillations in visual cortex. During a focal seizure event, maximal gamma rhythm... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_wave |
Enhanced gamma band power and lagged gamma responses have been observed in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Interestingly, the tg APP-PS1 mouse model of AD exhibits decreased gamma oscillation power in the lateral entorhinal cortex, which transmits various sensory inputs to the hippocampus and thus participates ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_wave |
Entrainment or synchronization of hippocampal gamma oscillations and spiking to 40 Hz via non-invasive stimuli in the gamma-frequency band, such as flashing lights or pulses of sound, reduces amyloid beta load and activates microglia in the well-established 5XFAD mouse model of AD. Subsequent human clinical trials of g... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_wave |
Hypersensitivity and memory deficits due to Fragile X syndrome may be linked to gamma rhythm abnormalities in the sensory cortex and hippocampus. For example, decreased synchrony of gamma oscillations has been observed in the auditory cortex of FXS patients. The FMR1 knockout rat model of FXS exhibits an increased rati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_wave |
High-amplitude gamma wave synchrony can be self-induced via meditation. Long-term practitioners of meditation such as Tibetan Buddhist monks exhibit both increased gamma-band activity at baseline as well as significant increases in gamma synchrony during meditation, as determined by scalp EEG. fMRI on the same monks re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_wave |
Delta wave – (0.1 – 3 Hz) Theta wave – (4 – 7 Hz) Mu wave – (7.5 – 12.5 Hz) SMR wave – (12.5 – 15.5 Hz) Alpha wave – (7 (or 8) – 12 Hz) Beta wave – (12 – 30 Hz) Gamma wave – (32 – 100 Hz) High-frequency oscillations – (over ~80 Hz) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_wave |
Possibility theory is a mathematical theory for dealing with certain types of uncertainty and is an alternative to probability theory. It uses measures of possibility and necessity between 0 and 1, ranging from impossible to possible and unnecessary to necessary, respectively. Professor Lotfi Zadeh first introduced pos... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possibility_theory |
For simplicity, assume that the universe of discourse Ω is a finite set. A possibility measure is a function pos {\displaystyle \operatorname {pos} } from 2 Ω {\displaystyle 2^{\Omega }} to such that: Axiom 1: pos ( ∅ ) = 0 {\displaystyle \operatorname {pos} (\varnothing )=0} Axiom 2: pos ( Ω ) = 1 {\displaystyle ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possibility_theory |
Technically, it implies that there is at least one element in Ω with possibility 1. Axiom 3 corresponds to the additivity axiom in probabilities. However there is an important practical difference. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possibility_theory |
Possibility theory is computationally more convenient because Axioms 1–3 imply that: pos ( U ∪ V ) = max ( pos ( U ) , pos ( V ) ) {\displaystyle \operatorname {pos} (U\cup V)=\max \left(\operatorname {pos} (U),\operatorname {pos} (V)\right)} for any subsets U {\displaystyle U} and V {\displaystyle V} .Because on... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possibility_theory |
{\displaystyle \operatorname {pos} (U\cap V)\leq \min \left(\operatorname {pos} (U),\operatorname {pos} (V)\right)\leq \max \left(\operatorname {pos} (U),\operatorname {pos} (V)\right).} When Ω is not finite, Axiom 3 can be replaced by: For all index sets I {\displaystyle I} , if the subsets U i , i ∈ I {\displaystyle ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possibility_theory |
Whereas probability theory uses a single number, the probability, to describe how likely an event is to occur, possibility theory uses two concepts, the possibility and the necessity of the event. For any set U {\displaystyle U} , the necessity measure is defined by nec ( U ) = 1 − pos ( U ¯ ) {\displaystyle \opera... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possibility_theory |
There are four cases that can be interpreted as follows: nec ( U ) = 1 {\displaystyle \operatorname {nec} (U)=1} means that U {\displaystyle U} is necessary. U {\displaystyle U} is certainly true. It implies that pos ( U ) = 1 {\displaystyle \operatorname {pos} (U)=1} . pos ( U ) = 0 {\displaystyle \operatorname ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possibility_theory |
U {\displaystyle U} is certainly false. It implies that nec ( U ) = 0 {\displaystyle \operatorname {nec} (U)=0} . pos ( U ) = 1 {\displaystyle \operatorname {pos} (U)=1} means that U {\displaystyle U} is possible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possibility_theory |
I would not be surprised at all if U {\displaystyle U} occurs. It leaves nec ( U ) {\displaystyle \operatorname {nec} (U)} unconstrained. nec ( U ) = 0 {\displaystyle \operatorname {nec} (U)=0} means that U {\displaystyle U} is unnecessary. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possibility_theory |
I would not be surprised at all if U {\displaystyle U} does not occur. It leaves pos ( U ) {\displaystyle \operatorname {pos} (U)} unconstrained. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possibility_theory |
The intersection of the last two cases is nec ( U ) = 0 {\displaystyle \operatorname {nec} (U)=0} and pos ( U ) = 1 {\displaystyle \operatorname {pos} (U)=1} meaning that I believe nothing at all about U {\displaystyle U} . Because it allows for indeterminacy like this, possibility theory relates to the graduation ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possibility_theory |
The relationship with fuzzy theory can be explained with the following classic example. Fuzzy logic: When a bottle is half full, it can be said that the level of truth of the proposition "The bottle is full" is 0.5. The word "full" is seen as a fuzzy predicate describing the amount of liquid in the bottle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possibility_theory |
Possibility theory: There is one bottle, either completely full or totally empty. The proposition "the possibility level that the bottle is full is 0.5" describes a degree of belief. One way to interpret 0.5 in that proposition is to define its meaning as: I am ready to bet that it's empty as long as the odds are even ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possibility_theory |
There is an extensive formal correspondence between probability and possibility theories, where the addition operator corresponds to the maximum operator. A possibility measure can be seen as a consonant plausibility measure in the Dempster–Shafer theory of evidence. The operators of possibility theory can be seen as a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possibility_theory |
We call generalized possibility every function satisfying Axiom 1 and Axiom 3. We call generalized necessity the dual of a generalized possibility. The generalized necessities are related to a very simple and interesting fuzzy logic called necessity logic. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possibility_theory |
In the deduction apparatus of necessity logic the logical axioms are the usual classical tautologies. Also, there is only a fuzzy inference rule extending the usual modus ponens. Such a rule says that if α and α → β are proved at degree λ and μ, respectively, then we can assert β at degree min{λ,μ}. It is easy to see t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possibility_theory |
The Korea International Broadcasting Foundation (KIBF; Korean: 한국국제방송교류재단) is a South Korean non-profit organization established to broadcast Korean content to promote interest in Korea globally. The foundation operates Arirang TV and Arirang Radio. The foundation's offerings compete with KBS World (owned by state owne... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_International_Broadcasting_Foundation |
The foundation was established April 10, 1996, and began domestic broadcasting in 1997. Overseas broadcasting commenced in the Asia-Pacific region in 1999 and broadcasts to Europe, the North Africa and Americas started in 2000. In 2003, the foundation established Arirang FM. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_International_Broadcasting_Foundation |
Jeju, an English language FM radio station in South Korea. Arabic language broadcasting commenced in 2004. In 2015, Arirang launched a channel on the UN's in-house broadcast network.In May 2020, Arirang TV signed a memorandum of understanding with The Korea Times. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_International_Broadcasting_Foundation |
The Chengdu Culture Park (Chinese: 成都文化公园) is an urban park in the city of Chengdu, Sichuan, China.The park is located at West Section 2, 1st Ring Road, near the Qingyang Taoist Temple and Wenjun Qintai Park. It covers 71,326 m2 with greenery, a lake, large stones, statues, a teahouse, and towers. In the early 1950s, t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chengdu_Culture_Park |
Following the eighth flower exhibition, the avenue was converted into the Qingyang Temple Garden, with surrounding walls. In 1966, the park was renamed by the city government as the Chengdu Culture Park. Features at the park include the Relief Art Wall, the Shi’er Qiao Martyrs’ Tombs, and the Zhiji Rock and Octagonal P... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chengdu_Culture_Park |
Auditory processing disorder (APD), rarely known as King-Kopetzky syndrome or auditory disability with normal hearing (ADN), is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting the way the brain processes sounds. Individuals with APD usually have normal structure and function of the outer, middle, and inner ear (peripheral hear... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditory_processing_disorder |
It can affect both children and adults. Although the actual prevalence is currently unknown, it has been estimated to impact 2–7% in children in US and UK populations. APD can continue into adulthood. It has been reported that males are twice as likely to be affected by the disorder as females.Neurodevelopmental forms ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditory_processing_disorder |
Many people experience problems with learning and day-to-day tasks with difficulties over time. Individuals with this disorder may experience the signs and symptoms below; talk louder than necessary talk softer than necessary have trouble remembering a list or sequence often need words or sentences repeated have poor a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditory_processing_disorder |
It has been discovered that APD and ADHD may present overlapping symptoms. Below is a ranked order of behavioral symptoms that are most frequently observed in each disorder. Professionals evaluated the overlap of symptoms between the two disorders. The order below is of symptoms that are almost always observed. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditory_processing_disorder |
This chart shows that although the symptoms listed are different, it is easy to get confused between many of them. There is a co-occurrence between ADHD and APD. A systematic review published in 2018 detailed one study that showed 10% of children with APD have confirmed or suspected ADHD. It also stated that it is some... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditory_processing_disorder |
There has been considerable debate over the relationship between APD and specific language impairment (SLI). SLI is diagnosed when a child has difficulties with understanding or producing spoken language for no obvious cause. The problems cannot be explained in terms of peripheral hearing loss. The child is typically l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditory_processing_disorder |
Some theoretical accounts of SLI regard it as the result of auditory processing problems. However, this view of SLI is not universally accepted, and others regard the main difficulties in SLI as stemming from problems with higher-level aspects of language processing. Where a child has both auditory and language problem... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditory_processing_disorder |
Again, cause and effect can be hard to unravel. This is one reason why some experts have recommended using non-verbal auditory tests to diagnose APD. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditory_processing_disorder |
Specifically regarding neurological factors, dyslexia has been linked to polymicrogyria which causes cell migrational problems. Children that have polymicrogyri almost always present with deficits on APD testing. It has also been suggested that APD may be related to cluttering, a fluency disorder marked by word and phr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditory_processing_disorder |
It has been found that a higher than expected proportion of individuals diagnosed with SLI and dyslexia on the basis of language and reading tests also perform poorly on tests in which auditory processing skills are tested. APD can be assessed using tests that involve identifying, repeating, or discriminating speech, a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditory_processing_disorder |
Acquired APD can be caused by any damage to or dysfunction of the central auditory nervous system and can cause auditory processing problems. For an overview of neurological aspects of APD, see T. D. Griffiths's 2002 article "Central Auditory Pathologies". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditory_processing_disorder |
Some studies have indicated an increased prevalence of a family history of hearing impairment in these patients. The pattern of results is suggestive that auditory processing disorder may be related to conditions of autosomal dominant inheritance. The ability to listen to and comprehend multiple messages at the same ti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditory_processing_disorder |
Auditory processing disorder can be associated with conditions affected by genetic traits, such as various developmental disorders. Inheritance of auditory processing disorder refers to whether the condition is inherited from your parents or "runs" in families. Central auditory processing disorder may be hereditary neu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditory_processing_disorder |
In the majority of cases of developmental APD, the cause is unknown. An exception is acquired epileptic aphasia or Landau-Kleffner syndrome, where a child's development regresses, with language comprehension severely affected. The child is often thought to be deaf, but normal peripheral hearing is found. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditory_processing_disorder |
In other cases, suspected or known causes of APD in children include delay in myelin maturation, ectopic (misplaced) cells in the auditory cortical areas, or genetic predisposition. In a family with autosomal dominant epilepsy, seizures which affected the left temporal lobe seemed to cause problems with auditory proces... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditory_processing_disorder |
There is considerable interest in the idea that disruption to hearing during a sensitive period may have long-term consequences for auditory development. One study showed thalamocortical connectivity in vitro was associated with a time sensitive developmental window and required a specific cell adhesion molecule (lcam5... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditory_processing_disorder |
Another study showed that rats reared in a single tone environment during critical periods of development had permanently impaired auditory processing. "Bad" auditory experiences, such as temporary deafness by cochlear removal in rats leads to neuron shrinkage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditory_processing_disorder |
In a study looking at attention in APD patients, children with one ear blocked developed a strong right-ear advantage but were not able to modulate that advantage during directed-attention tasks.In the 1980s and 1990s, there was considerable interest in the role of chronic otitis media (middle ear disease or "glue ear"... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditory_processing_disorder |
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