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There are three levels of membership in DBCFSN: an individual membership which is $10 in annual dues, a family membership which is $25, and an organizational membership which costs $120. All of the money supports DBCFSN's community work, and members are eligible for D-Town farm produce discounts. Membership meetings ar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit_Black_Community_Food_Security_Network |
This membership connects people through the Detroit People's Food Co-op. This Co-op is a part of DBCFN's community development complex known as the Detroit Food Commons. A significant community development project that connects the local community to a large amount of resources to better themselves and their knowledge ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit_Black_Community_Food_Security_Network |
DBCFSN extends the legacy of the Black Freedom Movement, attributing foundational ideas to those of Ida B. Wells, Malcolm X, Fannie Lou Hamer, Rev. Albert B. Cleage and others . The organization identifies love, black self-determination, integrity, justice, respect for life and nature, and sustainability as their core ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit_Black_Community_Food_Security_Network |
Upon their formation, DBCFSN acquired use of a quarter-acre plot of land near the 4-H Club on McClellan in the Eastside of Detroit in 2006, and the land was purchased by a developer in the fall of that year. In June 2007, the organization acquired use of a half-acre plot of land owned by the Pan African Orthodox Christ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit_Black_Community_Food_Security_Network |
After 2 years of planning and meetings with the Detroit City Council and the City Planning and Recreation Department, DBCFSN acquired a temporary 10-year license agreement to use a designated two-acre site in the City of Detroit's Meyers' Tree Nursery in Rouge Park for $1 annually. In 2010, the site expanded from two t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit_Black_Community_Food_Security_Network |
Between 2006 and 2010, DBCFSN was funded solely through membership dues and contributions of members and supporters. The D-Town Farm hosts an annual Harvest Festival which attracts local and regional supporters by the hundreds. In 2010, the organization received funding from the W.K. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit_Black_Community_Food_Security_Network |
Kellogg Foundation, one of the top 3 U.S. funders of sustainable agriculture and the alternative agri-food movement.In 2015, the Greening of Detroit and DBCFSN collaborated to receive a USDA Beginning Framers and Ranchers Grant to train new farmers in Detroit. In 2016, DBCFSN, along with six other healthy food business... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit_Black_Community_Food_Security_Network |
There are three types of membership one can have in the DBCFSN, Organizational, Family, and Individual, though the difference between the three (besides the price) isn't clear. Anyone with a membership can vote. Members rely on multiple streams of funding such as grants and loans from members, and the purchase of share... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit_Black_Community_Food_Security_Network |
This program began in the crop season of 2006, but became officiated in 2008 with the acquisition of land in Rogue Park. The structures implemented on the seven-acre plot include several hoop houses, in-ground vegetable plots, composting sites, an apple orchard and a bee-keeping operation. During the 2010 growing seaso... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit_Black_Community_Food_Security_Network |
This co-operative, operated by DBCFSN from 2008 to 2016, provided community members with an alternative place to buy household goods, bulk items, healthy foods and supplements for an affordable price. The word "Ujamaa" comes from the Swahili term for "collective economics". The Ujamaa Food Buying Club works with the Up... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit_Black_Community_Food_Security_Network |
DBCFSN has been working since 2010 to launch the Detroit People's Food Co-operative in 2018, although the opening date has since been changed to 2019. The co-op intends to increase community ownership and food access among Detroit's Historic North End's residents. The co-op is expected to introduce over 20 jobs to the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit_Black_Community_Food_Security_Network |
Malik Yakini and DBCFSN are currently working on a project named the Detroit Food Commons Project. It will be 30,000 square feet, and will feature the Detroit People's Food Co-op mentioned above, a local cafe, kitchen, and meeting rooms for DBCFSN and the local community. Because the project is so large in scale, there... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit_Black_Community_Food_Security_Network |
DBCFSN established the Food Warriors Youth Development Program as an African-centered program for young people between ages 5 and 12, that seeks to educate Detroit youth on food, where it comes from, and how to grow it locally and sustainably. It consists of an after-school program at Timbuktu Academy of Science and Te... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit_Black_Community_Food_Security_Network |
The program also strives to de-stigmatize the connection many people have between agriculture and African Americans. What really sets the Food Warriors initiative apart is their seven principles of Nguzo Saba. This is a set of core values that signify the importance of strengthening the family, community and the Africa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit_Black_Community_Food_Security_Network |
The "What's For Dinner" lecture series is hosted by DBCFSN through the Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History annually during the months of April, June, August and October. The lectures are free and open to the public, and concentrate on issues within the food system with intentions of informing the Detro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit_Black_Community_Food_Security_Network |
The roots of DBCFSN trace back to the U.S. Civil Rights Movement and the Black Power Movement within Detroit. The organization operates under a food sovereignty policy framework, guided by principles including food as a human right, agrarian reform, protection of natural resources, reorganization of food trade, ending ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit_Black_Community_Food_Security_Network |
The City Council of Detroit unanimously passed the Detroit Food Security Policy bill on March 25, 2008. The bill includes plans for developing a food system analysis database for Detroit, undertaking data collection on hunger and malnutrition, formulating recommendations for alternative food systems such as urban agric... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit_Black_Community_Food_Security_Network |
The National Agricultural Library Thesaurus (NALT) Concept Space is a controlled vocabulary of terms related to agricultural, biological, physical and social sciences. NALT is used by the National Agricultural Library (NAL) to annotate peer reviewed journal articles for NAL’s bibliographic citation database, AGRICOLA, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Agricultural_Library_Thesaurus_and_Glossary |
The NAL staff originally developed and funded NALT to meet the needs of the ARS of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). NALT referenced databases such as the AlgaeBase, BioTech life science dictionary, Cambridge dictionary, Index Fungorum, NCBI Taxonomy Database and Integrated Taxonomic Information Syste... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Agricultural_Library_Thesaurus_and_Glossary |
The first edition was published by the National Agricultural Library on January 1, 2002. Since May 2007, NALT has been available in English and Spanish in cooperation with the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA), as well as other Latin American agricultural institutions belonging to the Agric... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Agricultural_Library_Thesaurus_and_Glossary |
The thesaurus was made available as Linked Open Data in 2010, assigning persistent URI labels for preferred label concepts to create meaningful relationships between different information resources (such as Web pages, datasets and research articles). These URIs are required for NALT concepts to be used as a global meta... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Agricultural_Library_Thesaurus_and_Glossary |
This data standard is inspired by GACS and expands on the preexisting hierarchical structure of a thesaurus by creating alternative hierarchical arrangements in sub-schemes within the overall hierarchy. The N4MA vision is to use NALT and other semantic innovations to normalize and connect agricultural data, allowing fo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Agricultural_Library_Thesaurus_and_Glossary |
The NALT Core is a trim NALT subscheme with 13,791 frequently used agricultural concepts, including 4,396 agriculturally important organisms (taxa) and structural updates. The NALT Full is a more granular knowledge base, containing the NALT Core in addition to 48,000 additional agricultural related organisms (taxa), in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Agricultural_Library_Thesaurus_and_Glossary |
NALT schemes are available for download, as published and maintained by NAL. The Thesaurus and Glossary can be downloaded in three editions of SKOS: RDF-XML, RDF-Ntriples and RDF-Turtle. The U.S. Government waives copyright and related rights in this work worldwide through the CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Agricultural_Library_Thesaurus_and_Glossary |
Traffic in Towns is an influential report and popular book on urban and transport planning policy published 25 November 1963 for the UK Ministry of Transport by a team headed by the architect, civil engineer and planner Colin Buchanan. The report warned of the potential damage caused by the motor car, while offering wa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
Buchanan's report was commissioned in 1960 by Ernest Marples, Transport Minister in Harold Macmillan's government, whose manifesto had promised to improve the existing road network and relieve congestion in the towns.Britain was still reconstructing itself after the devastation of World War II, and, although the econom... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
Although the government was looking to manage motor vehicle growth, potentially with a congestion charge as suggested by the Smeed Report, this was contrasted by a strong desire for dramatic cost-saving measures in nationalised public transport. Doctor Beeching's proposed closure of a third of the passenger railway lin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
At the time of the report, there were 10.5 million vehicles registered in Britain, but, at predicted growth rates, this number was expected to become 18 million by 1970, 27 million by 1980 and about 40 million vehicles in 2010, or 540 vehicles for every 1,000 population, equivalent to 1.3 cars per household. They expec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
To refuse to accept the challenge it presents would be an act of defeatism. The impact of the motor car was compared with that of a heavy goods vehicle which; given its head, would wreck our towns within a decade... The problems of traffic are crowding in upon us with desperate urgency. Unless steps are taken, the moto... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
Indeed it can be said in advance that the measures required to deal with the full potential amount of motor traffic in big cities are so formidable that society will have to ask itself seriously how far it is prepared to go with the motor vehicle. There was a need to limit vehicle access to some urban areas: Distastefu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
Even when everything that it is possibly to do by way of building new roads and expanding public transport has been done, there would still be, in the absence of deliberate limitation, more cars trying to move into, or within our cities than could possibly be accommodated. Already the growth of vehicle ownership in Ame... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
There would also be pressure to house a growing population and disperse more population away from overcrowded cities. However, dispersing the population around the countryside would be synonymous with urban sprawl, and would defeat one of the reasons for car ownership, to get out into the countryside. Having examined t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
He also wished to ensure that the heritage within British towns was respected: The American policy of providing motorways for commuters can succeed, even in American conditions, only if there is a disregard for all considerations other than the free flow of traffic which seems sometimes to be almost ruthless. Our Briti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
Already, the average speed in many cities had fallen to 11 miles per hour (18 km/h), and congestion was costing the British economy £250 million in wasted man hours. Yet the motor car was also inextricably linked to the economy, with 2,305,000 people working in the motor trade, or 10 percent of the labour force. It had... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
The expansion of public transport would not provide an answer on its own. However, the noise, fumes, pollution and visual intrusion of the cars and ugly traffic paraphernalia would overwhelm town centres, while vehicles parked on streets would force new hazards onto children at play. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
Safety considerations should move to become foremost in the design of streets; three quarters of all injury accidents were occurring within towns (although most fatalities happened on open roads). They feared that future generations would think that they were careless and callous to mix people and moving vehicles on th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
The report signified some fundamental shifts in attitudes to roads, by recognising that there were environmental disbenefits from traffic, and that large increases in capacity can exacerbate congestion problems, not solve them. This awareness of environmental impact was ahead of its time, and not translated into policy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
Towns should be worth living in, which meant more than just the ability to drive into the centre. Urban redevelopment should look to the long term, and avoid parsimonious short-termism. The report asked how bold the planners could be, when restricting access to town centres and controlling traffic flows: It is a diffic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
... The freedom with which a person can walk about and look around is a very useful guide to the civilized quality of an urban area ... judged against this standard, many of our towns now seem to leave a great deal to be desired ... there must be areas of good environment where people can live, work, shop, look about a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
However, if circumstances meant that this was not possible it would have to restrain traffic, perhaps severely. This was revolutionary and ran counter to the wisdom of economists, who assumed that environmental standards could be set off against other considerations once they had been priced.Planners should set a polic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
It recommended the selective use of bypasses around small and medium-sized towns to alleviate congestion in the centres, even though local businesses might complain at the loss of through-trade; the predicted increase in traffic would become more than an unmitigated nuisance in the future. However, it rejected a slavis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
Where restrictions were needed, this could often be achieved through some combination of licences or permits, parking restrictions, or subsidised public transport. However it recommended that the road user should not be denied too much access, and that restricting through congestion charging would not normally be the r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
Urban areas need not consist of buildings set alongside vehicular streets, instead multiple levels could be used with traffic moving underneath a building deck, with snug pedestrian alleys and contrasting open squares containing fountains and artwork. Schemes would need to be carefully considered when they incorporated... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
However, obsolete street patterns were already becoming frozen for decades by piecemeal rebuilding. Whilst these grand schemes would be expensive, the income from vehicle taxes could represent a regular source of income to draw from. This approach differed from the shopping mall concept, which was designed for the car ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
The report looked at a range of scenarios based on real towns, and suggested treatments that would balance the desire to enrich people's lives through car ownership while still maintain pleasant urban centres. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
Oxford Street, in London's West End "epitomizes the conflict between traffic and environment". The mixing of traffic and pedestrians had created "the most uncivilised street in Europe".The report had considered running car parks, through-traffic and access roads in shallow cuttings underground while raising the shop le... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
Leeds, as a large city, was too large to accommodate all the potential traffic, and it should instead attempt to curtail access, particularly private vehicles being used for commuting. Leeds embraced the approach and adopted the motto Motorway city of the 70s after it built an Outer Ring Road, a sunken part-motorway In... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
Newbury was chosen as an example of a small town that could be redeveloped following this pattern, with vehicles easily integrating into the urban scenery. But the report warned that the commitment and scale of work required would be hitherto unheard of. The concept was mainly ignored for 25 years until the A34 Newbury... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
The new roads dramatically reduced the impact of motor vehicles on the town, especially heavy goods vehicles, and accompanied the reinvigoration of Newbury which had managed to retain its historic core. When completed in 1998 the actual bypass followed approximately the same route as the original proposal, but encounte... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
Norwich, as an ancient town, could retain its historic areas but this would be at the cost of reduced vehicular access. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
The RAC recognised that some conclusions were unpalatable, and controversial, but overall they welcomed the approach. However, they thought that restrictions on vehicular traffic would be acceptable to the motorist if they could see the government determined to build capacity in urban areas. The Pedestrian Association ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
In doing so, it gave acceptability and confidence to a number of proposals and innovations that soon became common in the UK landscape: urban clearways, flyovers, and the widespread used of single yellow and double yellow lines to limit the intrusion of vehicles in town centres pedestrianised precincts pedestrian city ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
By 1970 there were plans to spend £1,700 million on multiple Ringways and elevated radial roads across London. Robert Vigars, the chairman of the Greater London Council's Planning committee, reported that the plan for a part-buried Ringway 2 to supersede the South Circular Road between the A2 and A23 would necessitate ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
As towns were developed according to the Buchanan blueprint, several issues emerged. Some of the grand plans that were called for have had a poor reputation in their implementation; to be able to predict future trends, mix social development, transport skills, and economic regeneration while performing slum clearance h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
When economic conditions improved conservation had once again become fashionable and confidence in the need for these centrally-controlled grand plans had evaporated.The courage needed to develop the schemes required a lot of political will, and that would sometimes falter. By failing to identify cheaper alternatives w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
However, the wide impact of these schemes caused such controversy during the 1970s that many associated road schemes ran into concerted opposition. After the 1973 oil crisis, remaining schemes fell into limbo, casting a planning blight over the affected areas for a decade or more until they were finally laid to rest. T... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
More latterly, the policy has been accused as being one of "predict and provide", or of building new roads in a congested network that generate even more traffic, rather than just meeting existing demand. This is to partly misrepresent the policy recommendations; although neither traffic generation and the deterrent ef... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
In some schemes, the separation of different types of road users would often be taken to extremes: by moving motor vehicles onto dedicated routes, their interaction with pedestrians or cycle routes might occur less often but would do so at higher speeds than before, thus creating an environment that was far more hazard... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
In the search for low traffic casualty rates, urban planners now look to detailed road designs and traffic calming to counteract this effect, reducing vehicle speeds, or taking the more dramatic step of eliminating separation and mixing all road users together through shared space planning. At the heart of many of the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
Subsequent research has shown that more is needed than a pedestrian centre with glass shop fronts, accompanied by a hope that people will come and social life flourish. One of the recommendations, that of integrating low-level roads with developments on top, has been largely ignored; the costs and commitments needed fo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
The corridor or distribution roads would often have minimal overpasses or grade separation, with communities separated, or blighted by noise and fumes. Drivers would refuse to be neatly compartmentalised into "travelling" along the corridor roads and "living" on the local roads, leading to businesses closing outside th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
Actual traffic growth has not been as extreme as envisaged in the report (although Buchanan did warn that he had selecting the more pessimistic projections). In 1963 36% of households had a car, by 1998 this had grown to 72%, considerably less than predicted. This pattern of inaccuracy was a frequent problem with early... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
The design of modern town schemes has been informed by the earlier policy decisions – and mistakes – in Britain, Europe and further afield. Auckland, for example, commissioned a plan from Buchanan for its road policies.By the mid 1970s it was evident that the previous focus on road traffic element was not enough; trans... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
The roads programme was scaled back to half its previous size mainly because of poor public finances, and urban regeneration became much more locally driven through "Strategic Plans". Although many public policies and transport planners have promoted the creation of capacity-oriented solutions, organisations such as Th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
This movement has developed into a recognition of the need to effectively manage the demand for transport.Subsequent government planning policy on sustainable development adopted as consequence of the 1992 Earth Summit means that the concepts of vehicle restriction first mooted by Buchanan are slowly moving to the fore... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
It took four decades for it to become politically acceptable in the UK, although this was not without controversy.Buchanan's concept of segregated zones or precincts, as pedestrian or local vehicular areas, was derived from Assistant Commissioner H. Alker Tripp of Scotland Yard's Traffic Division. Buchanan's articulati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
Buchanan, Colin (1963). Traffic in Towns: A Study of the Long Term Problems of Traffic in Urban Areas - Reports of the Steering Group and Working Group appointed by the Minister of Transport (Report). London: HMSO. Crowther, Geoffrey; Holford, William; Kerensky, Oleg; Pollard, Herbert; Smith, T Dan; Wells, Henry W (196... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
Traffic in Towns. London: HMSO. Traffic in Towns The specially shortened edition of the Buchanan Report. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
Vol. S228. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. 1964. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns |
Clove Lakes Park is a public park in the Sunnyside neighborhood of Staten Island in New York City.Clove Lakes Park has a rich natural history with valuable ecological assets and a few remnants of the past. Chief among them are the park's lakes and ponds, outcroppings of serpentine rocks, and Staten Island's largest liv... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clove_Lakes_Park |
The park is also home to mammals such as eastern gray squirrel, muskrat, eastern cottontail, and eastern chipmunk. The park is known for its cozy picnic accommodations and boating. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clove_Lakes_Park |
Besides strolling down trails and paddling on its bodies of water, visitors can experience the park as a more modern recreation zone. Several baseball diamonds, a soccer field, basketball court, playgrounds, and a football field dot the park's landscape. The Staten Island World War II Veteran's Memorial Ice Skating Rin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clove_Lakes_Park |
The park also contains a restaurant overlooking Clove Lake, and the borough headquarters of the city's Department of Parks and Recreation. The park consists of three lakes: the main one is Clove Lake, which runs off to Martling Lake, and then to Brooks Lake. The Staten Island Expressway, part of Interstate 278, built i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clove_Lakes_Park |
Conceptual economy is a term describing the contribution of creativity, innovation, and design skills to economic competitiveness, especially in the global context. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conceptual_economy |
Alan Greenspan, former chairman of the Federal Reserve Board, recognized the role of conceptual output as early as 1997 in a speech at the University of Connecticut when he said "The growth of the conceptual component of output has brought with it accelerating demands for workers who are equipped not simply with techni... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conceptual_economy |
He bases his approach on brain functions explaining how qualities dependent on the left hemisphere of the brain (logic, knowledge) now need to be complemented by those associated with right-brained processes (intuition and creative thinking). Other contributors to our understanding of the conceptual economy include Tom... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conceptual_economy |
This explains how American companies are able to outsource a substantial portion of their business to India and China with no disruptions for the customer. Tom Kelley is also a key player in the field, both as general manager of IDEO, a highly successful design and innovation company, and the author of two widely accla... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conceptual_economy |
Until quite recently, our understanding of the economy was based on the premise that the way forward would depend on traditional values and qualifications such as those for accountants, lawyers, engineers, mathematicians or computer programmers. With the new opportunities resulting from globalization and the internet, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conceptual_economy |
For the past 15 or 20 years, the Western economies (Europe, North America) have experienced a situation of fully dependable supply of basic goods, including round-the-year abundance of agricultural produce, with the result that a significant proportion of households have begun to look for more than just the basic neces... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conceptual_economy |
Given the low costs of labour in developing countries such as China, India and the Philippines, American and European companies are now outsourcing or offshoring an ever-increasing proportion of their production, manufacturing or service tasks to foreign countries. As a result, job opportunities in the West are slowly ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conceptual_economy |
In industry too, the development of robotics and automated manufacturing facilities means that opportunities for traditional jobs in industries such as automobile manufacturing and food processing are also diminishing. Ever higher levels of qualification are now required to contribute to operations that are largely com... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conceptual_economy |
Partly a result of the above factors, a wide range of new facilities and opportunities has begun to emerge. These include: the development of appealing new internet-based facilities for sales and services, transportation logistics for better coordination of component supply and product distribution, customer-oriented i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conceptual_economy |
Drivers behind the conceptual economy, can be categorised into the following areas: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conceptual_economy |
Educational institutions need to place more emphasis on creativity and the arts rather than on traditional qualifications in the areas of engineering and management. In particular, more attention needs to be devoted to basic literacy, analytical and critical thinking, synthesis and quantitative skills: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conceptual_economy |
Until now, information technology has had considerable impact on the economy. Increasingly, success will depend on how to make use of the knowledge and information that has emerged. Here qualities such as intuition, creativity and game-based approaches will become ever more important. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conceptual_economy |
Prosperity and competitiveness in the 21st century will depend on an understanding of diverse national cultures and how to draw on their ideas in order to assist the innovation process. Here too, there will be a need for more extensive teamwork, creativity and leading-edge thinking, all in the context of the global eco... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conceptual_economy |
Edward Flatau (27 December 1868, Płock – 7 June 1932, Warsaw) was a Polish neurologist and psychiatrist. He was a co-founder of the modern Polish neurology, an authority on the physiology and pathology of meningitis, co-founder of medical journals Neurologia Polska and Warszawskie Czasopismo Lekarskie, and member of th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Flatau |
He was born in 1868 in Płock, the son of Anna and Ludwik Flatau of assimilated Jewish family. In 1886, he graduated from high school (gymnasium) in Płock (now Marshal Stanisław Małachowski High School, Płock, also known as "Małachowianka"). From 1886, Flatau attended medical school at the University of Moscow, where he... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Flatau |
Flatau became a medical doctor in 1892. He spent the years 1893–1899 in Berlin in the laboratories of Emanuel Mendel (1839–1907) and in the University of Berlin under Wilhelm von Waldeyer-Hartz (1836–1921). During that time, he worked together with Alfred Goldscheider (1858–1935), Ernst Viktor von Leyden (1832–1910), H... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Flatau |
Though he was offered a position of professorship of neurology in Buenos Aires, he returned to Poland and in 1899 settled in Warsaw. He was married twice. He had two daughters, Anna and Joanna Flatau. His first wife Zofia and daughter Anna are described in a book by Antoni Marianowicz. Some stories about his personal l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Flatau |
Flatau dealt with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the brain, treatment of muscle diseases, child neurology, peripheral nerve surgery, anatomy of the nervous system, histopathology of the nerve tissue, experimental oncology, neurophysiology, and nervous system pathophysiology. His scientific career is describ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Flatau |
In 1894 at the age of 26, he published the influential Atlas of the Human Brain and the Course of the Nerve-Fibres, which was published in German, English, French, Russian, and in 1896 in Polish. The Polish edition was dedicated "To the memory of a noble man and an eminent physician Profesor Tytus Chałubiński author de... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Flatau |
In a review, Sigmund Freud wrote: "The plates with their clarity deserve to be called excellent educational material, suitable as an utterly reliable reference. A schematic plate in the beginning gives an overview of our knowledge on the fibre pathways in the CNS, incorporating the accounts of Mendel, Bechterew and Edi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Flatau |
The author and publisher deserve thanks from the medical community for this valuable work." In 1899, he published the second edition, which was extended and composed of two parts: an atlas and supplement. The preface to the second edition and supplement was written by Edward Flatau in Warsaw. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Flatau |
In the second edition, Flatau added the description of his discovery on Das Gesetz der excentrischen Lagerung der langen Bahnen im Ruckenmark. Flatau's brain atlas was published two years before the work Das Menschenhirn of Gustaf Retzius, but the first publication of images of the brain was work of Jules Bernard Luys ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Flatau |
His law played an important role in the initial studies of the spinal cord. With the Berlin neurobiologist Johannes Gad, Flatau performed experiments on dogs and criticized the Bastian-Bruns law concerning the loss of function following spinal cord injury (1893). On the basis of numerous clinical spinal cord surgeries,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Flatau |
He also described the fifth, seventh, and eighth cranial nerves, and carefully outlined their nuclei. The paper on this topic, Das Gesetz der excentrischen Lagerung der langen Bahnen im Rückenmark, was published in 1897. For this work he received a PhD in medical sciences in Moscow in 1899 (dissertation Zakon ekstsentr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Flatau |
Flatau began working at the Center for Anatomy of the Charité in Humboldt University of Berlin two years after the Wilhelm Waldeyer introduced the term neuron (Heinrich Waldeyer himself advocated and popularized the work of Ramón y Cajal). Thus, in 1895, Flatau became interested in neuron theory recently developed by R... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Flatau |
They published results of their experiments in 1897 and 1898 in Fortschritte der Medizin and Polish Gazeta Lekarska, which were subsequently published as a special monograph. They state that the character of changes in neuron cells could provide information about the type of influences acting on them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Flatau |
This work, in which the normal and pathologic anatomy of the V, VII, and VIII (cochlear) cranial nerves was included, created much discussion and was adversely criticized by Franz Nissl, who opposed the neuron theory.He modified Golgi's method of tissue staining and on the basis of studies of physiological effects of t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Flatau |
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