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Due to the closure of many Royal Naval services in the Dockyard and Medway, the club became unprofitable, and on 28 July 1962 the club closed. After five years of being empty, it was bought by two Canadian Hotel owners, who converted it into a budget Hotel, then called 'The Aurora Hotel'. In 1980, it changed hands to n... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Lines_Heritage_Park |
The land around the hotel is not part of the Great Lines Heritage Park. In 1957, part of the Great Lines (a plot of land close to Gillingham and Medway Hospital) was used to build 'The Great Lines School'. It opened in April 1957 and had 270 pupils. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Lines_Heritage_Park |
It was the first co-educational school in Gillingham. In June 1959, it became Upbury Manor school and was official re-opened by actress Dame Edith Evans. Since 2010, it is now known as Brompton Academy.In 1989, the land was acquired by Gillingham Borough Council for the 'future amenity and enjoyment of local people'.A ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Lines_Heritage_Park |
Notable species include the rare red star thistle (Centaurea calcitrapa), as well as wild clary (Salvia verbenaca) and squinancywort (Asperula cynanchica). Notable wildlife in the park, include the skylarks (Alauda), and kestrels, as well as many other birds, butterflies and insects. Currently, the park is mainly used ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Lines_Heritage_Park |
The name Inner Lines was originally applied to all the open area immediately behind the defensive ramparts of the Great Lines. This area was intended for the mustering and manoeuvring of troops for the defence of the fortifications, and were initially kept free of buildings.In June 1808, after an act of parliament was ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Lines_Heritage_Park |
Footpaths passing through the southern Sally Port remained in use.In 1863, the Garrison Gymnasium was built (inside the Lines and beside the remaining road). It is now Grade II* listed.In December 1868, by permission of the War Secretary, a portion of the inner line of fortifications, adjoining Fort Amherst, (between t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Lines_Heritage_Park |
In 1879, an Ordnance Survey map is made of the area, it shows that the barrier has been removed and the road has been straightened and used a causeway to pass over the ditch (instead of a drawbridge). This was due to the building of the Commandant's House (started in 1876), which also meant a large garden, hence the ro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Lines_Heritage_Park |
The Sally Port remained intact. But by the 1909 OS Map survey, the Sallyport was demolished, but the Guardhouse remained.During the 18th Century the Inner Lines played home to the true park and recreation ground of the Military Residents. It contained the 'Commandant's Pleasure Grounds and Kitchen Garden'. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Lines_Heritage_Park |
The formal layout of the gardens reflected the need for military order, somewhat at odds with the fashion at the time of creating Capability Brown style landscapes.On the 1909 O.S. map, it shows the name of the road from Gillingham to Chatham passing through Brompton and the Lines, named as 'Brompton Road'.Between 1914... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Lines_Heritage_Park |
Formerly the Black Lion Sports Centre. Now called 'Medway Park' and the sports areas around it, would have been farmland during the 18th century forming part of the medieval manor of 'Westcourt Farm'. The site of where the manor house was located is now used by the United Services rugby pitches (opposite the King Charl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Lines_Heritage_Park |
The licensee was John Huggins, then in 1768 Daniel Coombes took over ownership of the pub. Then in 1769, the government decided to extend the 'field of fire' of the Chatham Lines. They bought land beside the Lines, converting it into farmland, which they leased out for the next 20 years. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Lines_Heritage_Park |
The inn's lease expired so the owner acquired a new plot of land outside of the field of fire land (about 16 foot). The timber-structure was then re-built along Mill Road (which was then known as Fox Lane). It later was called the Black Lion Hotel. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Lines_Heritage_Park |
In 1896, it was re-built of brick. In the 1920s, the name was changed to the Black Lion, after the licensee (Mr Cockrill) appealed to the brewers. The farm fields around the pub, were known as the 'Black Lion Fields'. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Lines_Heritage_Park |
In the 1970s, the sports centre was built on the fields and named after the fields.In December 2007, worked started on a 3-year refurbishment on the leisure centre, costing £11.1million. A new purpose-built gymnastics centre and an eight-lane athletics track was built. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Lines_Heritage_Park |
This 'regional centre of sporting excellence', was completed in 2010.It was then opened on 28 July 2011 by Princess Anne. Following the opening the park hosted the 2011 European Modern Pentathlon Championships. During, the 2012 London Olympics, it was used as a training centre for 2012 Olympics overseas’ teams includin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Lines_Heritage_Park |
Built in 1804, as an extension of the 'Chatham Lines' (built in 1755). They are large deep ditches with brick lined walls (similar to the upgraded Fort Amherst fortifications).It is designated as a Scheduled Ancient Monument.In June 1808, after an act of parliament was passed, a road from Gillingham heading north towar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Lines_Heritage_Park |
The headquarters were enhanced by the 'Francois Cementation Co Ltd', the same company that later built the Ramsgate Tunnel war shelters.The lines fortifications were also used to site several anti-aircraft guns positions. Some of the remains of these positions still remain in the park with new visitor information panel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Lines_Heritage_Park |
They are now Grade II listed.In 1963, Captain J. S. M. Richardson DSO RN (Rtd) was invited to set up a Royal Naval Reserve Headquarters Unit in Chatham. It used the underground bunker. As a Commander RNR, he had served as the first Commanding Officer of HMS Wildfire - a name long associated with Sheerness Naval Base. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Lines_Heritage_Park |
The Unit was commissioned on 10 September 1964 with 13 Officers and 39 Ratings. They had to improve the structure which had not been looked after very well since the wartime period. The Unit used the communications/ exchange area which was improved along with the plotting area. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Lines_Heritage_Park |
Other ancillary rooms were converted into offices and classrooms. The Unit's primary function was a training facility.The tunnels and Headquarters remained in use until 1983, with the closure of Chatham Naval Base and HMS Wildfire moved to Later, the tunnels were damaged when a fire broke out soon after their closure. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Lines_Heritage_Park |
Due to the creation of the park they were sealed to protect the tunnels from further damage. In December 2008, the government announced a further £2m of investment from its "Parklands" fund, to be invested in pathways, lighting, entrances and a pedestrian bridge connecting the Great Lines to Fort Amherst. Then MidKent ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Lines_Heritage_Park |
The Lower Lines Park is 5.5 hectares of the open land linked to the Lines fortifications. It has been re-developed with new signs, paths, planting areas, children play area and wildlife trail.In January 2010 the park was opened to the public. On 2 June 2010, it was officially opened to the public by Admiral Sir Ian Gar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Lines_Heritage_Park |
The ceremony was also attended by local sea cadets who performed a guard of honour.The Lower Lines Trust are the managers of the Park maintenance and development. The 'Friends of the Admiral's Garden' is a voluntary group who look after the Lower Lines Park. Lower Lines Park is accessible at all times. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Lines_Heritage_Park |
In 2008, funding of £2 million was awarded by the Government's Parklands Thames Gateway Fund (via Margaret Beckett, Minister for the Thames Gateway) to develop the area into a Park. A further £74,000 from EU funding (via HMS2 'Heritage and maritime memories in the 2 seas region' project), for lighting of the Chatham Na... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Lines_Heritage_Park |
With the main priorities of the park being 'Make the park accessible and feel safe' and Restore the Fort (Amherst) and to create an attractive space with strong pedestrian links promoting sustainable movement of people across Medway. The Park, alongside Chatham Historic Dockyard and Upnor Castle was to play a major par... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Lines_Heritage_Park |
The park was a winner Local Landscape Planning and Highly commended, at the Landscape Institute Awards 2011 in the Heritage and Conservation category.In August 2013, the Park received its first Green Flag Award. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Lines_Heritage_Park |
Jeylan T. Mortimer is an American sociologist. She is Professor Emeritus at the University of Minnesota, where she founded the Life Course Center and served as its Director from 1986 to 2006. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeylan_Mortimer |
Mortimer was born August 12, 1943, in Chicago. She earned her Bachelor of Arts degree from Jackson College, Tufts University (1965) and her Master's (1967) and PhD (1972) degrees in sociology from the University of Michigan. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeylan_Mortimer |
Mortimer began her academic career at the University of Maryland as Instructor and then assistant professor of sociology from 1971 to 1973. She then moved to the University of Minnesota where she progressed through the ranks from Visiting Assistant Professor to professor (1973–1982). In 2021, she retired as professor E... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeylan_Mortimer |
Mortimer and her collaborators have authored more than 200 publications spanning the fields of sociology, social psychology, the life course, developmental psychology and family studies. She is Principal Investigator of the longitudinal, three-generation Youth Development Study, which has followed a cohort of youth ove... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeylan_Mortimer |
Mortimer's early research examined the impacts of parental occupations on the occupational choices of college students, focusing on key dimensions of work (entrepreneurial-bureaucratic, work with people vs. data or things). Subsequently, she found pervasive effects of parental work experiences and hardship on children'... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeylan_Mortimer |
Mortimer's early research showed that adult work experiences influence psychological development, including occupational values, a sense of personal efficacy, commitment to work, political orientation, and the interrelations of prominent work attitudes (job satisfaction and involvement).Mortimer's book, Working and Gro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeylan_Mortimer |
Early work experiences were found to influence adolescent self-esteem, control orientation, occupational values, and vocational development, as well as adolescent depressed mood, behavioral adjustment, and family relationships. Her research also revealed that teenage employment is reflected in the response to work expe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeylan_Mortimer |
Mortimer has contributed to the understanding of stability in the self-concept and other attitudes through the life course, including the conceptualization and measurement of stability. Additionally, her research has demonstrated the differential responsiveness of attitudes to work experiences across phases of life. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeylan_Mortimer |
Much of Mortimer's work has focused on the transition to adulthood, including the timing of leaving home, the school to work transition, the process of developing an identity as an adult, and the attainment of financial independence from parents. Her work has shown how parents provide safety nets for their transitionin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeylan_Mortimer |
1984 – Sociological Research Association 1987 – Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science 2004 – Dean's Medal, College of Liberal Arts, University of Minnesota 2011 – Cooley-Mead Award, Section on Social Psychology, American Sociological Association 2016 – Distinguished Career Award, Section on Childr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeylan_Mortimer |
Mortimer is married to Jeffrey Broadbent, Professor Emeritus at the University of Minnesota. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeylan_Mortimer |
Work, Family and Personality: Transition to Adulthood (1986) ISBN 9780893912932 Handbook of the Life Course, Vol. 1 (2003) ISBN 9780306474989 Working and Growing Up in America (2003) ISBN 9780674016149 Handbook of the Life Course, Vol. 2 (2016) ISBN 9783319208794 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeylan_Mortimer |
Mortimer, J. T., & Lorence, J. (1979). Work experience and occupational value socialization: A longitudinal study. American Journal of Sociology, 84(6), 1361–1385. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeylan_Mortimer |
Mortimer, J. T., Finch, M.D., and Kumka, D. (1982) Persistence and change in development: The multidimensional self-concept. Life-Span Development and Behavior, 4, 263–313. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeylan_Mortimer |
Mortimer, J. T. (2012). The evolution, contributions, and prospects of the Youth Development Study: An investigation in life course social psychology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeylan_Mortimer |
Social Psychology Quarterly, 75(1), 5–27. Mortimer, J. T., Zhang, L., Wu, C. Y., Hussemann, J., & Johnson, M. K. (2017). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeylan_Mortimer |
Familial transmission of educational plans and the academic self-concept: A three-generation longitudinal study. Social Psychology Quarterly, 80(1), 85–107. Mortimer, J. T. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeylan_Mortimer |
(2022). Agency, linked lives and historical time: evidence from the longitudinal three-generation Youth Development Study. Longitudinal and Life Course Studies, 13(2), 195–216. == References == | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeylan_Mortimer |
Pauline Nyiramasuhuko (born 1 April 1946) is a Rwandan politician who was the Minister for Family Welfare and the Advancement of Women. She was convicted of having incited troops and militia to carry out rape during the Rwandan genocide of 1994. She was tried for genocide and incitement to rape as part of the "Butare G... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauline_Nyiramasuhuko |
Pauline Nyiramasuhuko was born in the small farming community of Ndora, in the province of Butare, to a poor Hutu family. She attended high school at the Ecole sociale de Karubanda. There, she became friends with Agathe Habyarimana, the future wife of Juvénal Habyarimana, who became President of Rwanda in 1973.Nyiramas... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauline_Nyiramasuhuko |
In 1968 she married Maurice Ntahobali, with whom she had four children. One of their children, Arsène Shalom Ntahobali, would later be sentenced by the ICTR for a role in the genocide. Nyiramasuhuko worked for the government's Ministry for Social Affairs, educating women about health and childcare. In 1986, she attende... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauline_Nyiramasuhuko |
The Rwandan genocide started on 7 April 1994, immediately following Habyarimana's assassination. Armed Hutus were deployed throughout the countryside. They set up check points to cull fleeing Tutsis from the rest of the evacuating crowds. Hutus who refused to participate in the genocide were attacked. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauline_Nyiramasuhuko |
At night, the residents of Butare watched the firelight from the hills in the west, and could hear gunfire from nearby villages. When armed Hutus gathered at the edges of Butare, citizens of Butare defended its borders.In response to the revolt, the interim government of Rwanda sent Pauline Nyiramasuhuko from Kigali, t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauline_Nyiramasuhuko |
When he refused, he was killed, and Nyiramasuhuko called in militias from Kigali.On 25 April 1994, thousands of Tutsis gathered at the stadium where the Red Cross was providing food and shelter. Nyiramasuhuko is said to have orchestrated a trap in the stadium. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauline_Nyiramasuhuko |
The Hutu paramilitary group Interahamwe, led by Arsène Shalom Ntahobali, Pauline's 24-year-old son, surrounded the stadium. Refugees were raped, tortured, killed, and their bodies were burned. Nyiramasuhuko allegedly told militiamen, "before you kill the women, you need to rape them". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauline_Nyiramasuhuko |
In another incident, she ordered her men to take cans of gasoline from her car and use them to burn a group of women to death, leaving a surviving rape victim as a witness.She left Rwanda in 1994 following the Genocide and went to the Democratic Republic of the Congo. She was arrested in 1997 in Nairobi, Kenya, along w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauline_Nyiramasuhuko |
Nyiramasuhuko was tried at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) from 2001 to 2011. She was the first woman to be brought to trial by an international tribunal. She was indicted 9 August 1999, on the charges of conspiracy to commit genocide, genocide, complicity in genocide, direct and public incitement... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauline_Nyiramasuhuko |
Nyiramasuhuko stood trial before Trial Chamber II with five others as part of the "Butare Trial" which, at its start in 2001, included the highest number of defendants to be tried jointly in relation to the Rwandan Genocide. Her son, Arsène Shalom Ntahobali, was one of the co-defendants and was accused of having led In... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauline_Nyiramasuhuko |
According to prosecutor Holo Makwaia, Nyiramasuhuko had intended to "destroy in whole or in part the Tutsi ethnic group in Butare".On 24 June 2011, Nyiramasuhuko was found guilty of seven charges including genocide and incitement to rape; she was sentenced to life imprisonment and will not be eligible to apply for paro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauline_Nyiramasuhuko |
The Organisation for PhD Education in Biomedicine and Health Sciences in the European System ("ORPHEUS") is an organization committed to safeguard the PhD as a research degree and to strengthen career opportunities for PhD graduates. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ORPHEUS |
ORPHEUS was established in April 2004 with a European Conference on Harmonisation of PhD Programmes in Biomedicine and Health Sciences held in Zagreb. It became clear that despite many similarities PhD programmes there are also important differences in content and the standard expected. Thus a PhD title (also known as ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ORPHEUS |
Thus, the delegates coming from 25 universities and from 16 European countries agreed that there was a need for European harmonisation and they accepted 'The Declaration of the European Conference on Harmonisation of PhD Programmes in Medicine and Health Sciences' known as the 'Zagreb Declaration', which contain the fi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ORPHEUS |
ORPHEUS has the following aims: To give active support and guidance to members of ORPHEUS in enhancing their contributions to medicine and society in general. To provide information to members of ORPHEUS and all PhD candidates all over Europe. To represent higher education and research in biomedicine and health science... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ORPHEUS |
The primary ORPHEUS tool is its Best Practices which in a concise manner provides recommendations for the aims and content of PhD programmes in biomedicine and health sciences. The document is the result of extensive consultation throughout Europe with stakeholders including deans, graduate school heads, supervisors an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ORPHEUS |
Through a simple questionnaire, institutions can determine the extent to which their PhD programmes are consistent with the ORPHEUS recommendations as shown in the Best Practices document. Institutions which believe they comply with these recommendations can apply for a Label. In this case an evaluation team is set up ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ORPHEUS |
Best Practices for PhD Training Standards for PhD education in Biomedicine and Health Sciences in Europe. 2012 Towards Standards for PhD Education in Biomedicine and Health Sciences. A position paper from ORPHEUS. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ORPHEUS |
2009 Helsinki Consensus Statement on PhD Training in Clinical Research. 2007 'Zagreb Declaration. 2004' | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ORPHEUS |
ORPHEUS 2020 conference delayed to 2021 due to Covid-19 pandemic. ORPHEUS 2019, 14th European Conference Dublin, 2019 ORPHEUS 2018, 13th European Conference Reykjavik, 2018 ORPHEUS 2017, 12th European Conference Klaipeda, 2017 ORPHEUS 2016, 11th European Conference Cologne, 2016 ORPHEUS 2015, 10th European Conference B... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ORPHEUS |
Bergen 2012. ORPHEUS 2011. Sixth European Conference. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ORPHEUS |
PhD Quality Indicators for Biomedicine and Health Sciences. Izmir 2011. ORPHEUS 2010. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ORPHEUS |
Fifth European Conference: The Advancement of European Biomedical and Health Science PhD Education by Cooperative Networking. Vienna 2010. ORPHEUS2009. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ORPHEUS |
Fourth European Conference: Setting Standards for PhD Education in Biomedicine and Health Sciences. Aarhus 2009. ORPHEUS2007. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ORPHEUS |
Third European Conference: Biomedical and Health Science Doctoral Training. Helsinki 2007. Second European Conference on Harmonisation of PhD Programmes in Biomedicine and Health Sciences. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ORPHEUS |
Zagreb 2005. First European Conference on Harmonization of PhD programs in Biomedicine and Health Sciences. Zagreb 2004. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ORPHEUS |
Inwood Hill Park is a public park in the Inwood neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City, operated by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. On a high schist ridge that rises 200 feet (61 m) above the Hudson River from Dyckman Street to the northern tip of the island, Inwood Hill Park's densely folded, g... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inwood_Hill_Park |
Inwood Hill Park has a human history that goes back to the Pre-Columbian era. Through the 17th century, Native Americans known as the Wecquaesgeek inhabited the area. There is evidence of a main encampment along the eastern edge of the park, known as the village of Shorakapok. The Wecquaesgeek relied on both the Hudson... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inwood_Hill_Park |
Artifacts and the remains of old campfires were found in Inwood's rock shelters, suggesting their use for shelter and temporary living quarters. Fort Cockhill, one of many forts built in New York by the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War, stood in the northwestern extremity of the Park. A small, five-sided e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inwood_Hill_Park |
At the time, the area was known from Colonial to post–Revolutionary War times as Cox's Hill or Tubby Hook Hill. Even though the area which is now Inwood Hill Park was the site of one of the last farms in Manhattan – which lasted to at least c. 1890 – by the 19th century it was largely the location of country retreats f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inwood_Hill_Park |
One such notable who had a summer estate in Inwood was Isidor Straus, co-owner of the Macy's department store and a passenger on the ill-fated voyage of the RMS Titanic. The Lords of the Lord & Taylor department store chain owned two mansions built within the park; both mansions were destroyed by fire in the latter par... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inwood_Hill_Park |
The site today includes a small paved area and park benches; no trace of the building remains. At least three freshwater springs arise in the park, one of which was used for drinking water by the workers who constructed the Henry Hudson Bridge. Some land in the north was formerly known as Cold Spring. Historically, the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inwood_Hill_Park |
Andrew Haswell Green, who was in charge of the Central Park Commission, and responsible for laying out the streets on the Upper West Side and in Upper Manhattan, first suggested that a park be created in Inwood in 1895. His idea did not gain traction quickly, but the discovery of archeological finds in the area, the un... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inwood_Hill_Park |
The WPA also paved over some trails and illuminated them with lampposts, many of which are now in need of repair. Arson and dumping have damaged the park and its integrity, as have erosion-control measures which were not well conceived.In 1992, the central old-growth forest area was designated as Shorakapok Preserve, a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inwood_Hill_Park |
It is located near the park entrance on 218th Street and Indian Road, and is on a peninsula that was formerly connected to the Bronx mainland before the digging of the Harlem River Ship Canal. The center is located on Manhattan's only salt-water marsh, and has been designated as an interactive exhibit with ongoing moni... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inwood_Hill_Park |
The park's Shorakapok Preserve was formerly the site of a "Great Tulip Tree", a Liriodendron tulipifera considered the largest tree on Manhattan, as well as one of the oldest, and was championed and restored by Parks Commissioner Charles Bunstein Stover. As part of care for the tree, a plaque was put up connecting it t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inwood_Hill_Park |
The tree survived for centuries until it was felled by a storm in 1933. Until the 1950s the stump was still to be seen, surrounded by a large iron fence, but as it rotted it was finally removed and a boulder and plaque replaced it. Peter Minuit Post 1247 of the American Legion placed the boulder and the plaque in 1954,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inwood_Hill_Park |
The plaque labels the boulder "Shorakkopoch" (a more recent Parks Department sign nearby calls it "Shorakapok Rock"), and claims that "according to legend" this is where Minuit negotiated the purchase of Manhattan Island from Native Americans. The account does not appear in any historical records, and some historians p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inwood_Hill_Park |
The park covers 196.4 acres (79.5 ha). The Henry Hudson Parkway and Amtrak's Empire Connection railroad line run through it, and at its northern end the Henry Hudson Bridge and the rail-only Spuyten Duyvil Bridge link Manhattan to the Bronx. The park's western boundary is the Hudson River, and the southern boundary is ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inwood_Hill_Park |
10 miles (16 km) footpaths criss-cross the park, allowing easy access to Dyckman Street, Fort Tryon Park, Fort Washington Park, and Riverside Park – part of the Manhattan Waterfront Greenway. Some of these trails are former roads leading to what were once summer estates that later were brought under the control of the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inwood_Hill_Park |
Bolton Road, which was the main drive to the Bolton estate, is now the primary pedestrian pathway within the park; its entrance marked by a sign located on Payson Avenue.Inwood Hill Park is geologically diverse, with marble, schist, and limestone all prevalent in the area. The park is next to the seismologically active... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inwood_Hill_Park |
Urban parks have a significant economic impact on surrounding communities. The development and evolution of Inwood Park's flora and fauna are intrinsically linked to the financial stability of New York City and its residents. Fiscal investments of the state have a significant impact on the health and species diversity ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inwood_Hill_Park |
Consequently, many public workers in New York City parks were laid off due to this decision. The Protected Native Plants Program was created in 1989 to provide regulatory protection for native New York state plants and was subsequently updated in 2012 in accordance with new data provided by the New York Natural Heritag... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inwood_Hill_Park |
Partnerships for Parks, a nonprofit organization, has partnered with the city of New York to maintain and manage parks and promote their use. The Clean Water, Clean Air, and Green Jobs Environmental Bond Act passed as a ballot initiative in the November 2022 New York state general election, As part of this approved ini... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inwood_Hill_Park |
This will involve the purchase of land for conservation, restoration/beautification of parks, and the expansion of the proportion of state-owned land. It is expected that the Clean Air, Water, and Green Jobs Environmental Bond Act will result in the creation of approximately 84,000 jobs. A six to nine month training pr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inwood_Hill_Park |
The area of the park along the Harlem River includes Muscota Marsh, one of Manhattan's last remaining natural salt marshes, the other being Smuggler's Cove, which attracts large numbers of waterbirds. These waterfowl can be studied further via educational programs held at the Nature Center at the north end of the prope... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inwood_Hill_Park |
Also in the salt marsh can be found fish, mollusks and crustaceans among the cordgrass and bulrushes which can tolerate both salt and fresh water.The woods support a wide variety of birds, including common species such as blue jays and cardinals, as well as wild turkeys. Birds of prey that breed in the park include red... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inwood_Hill_Park |
In the first summer, three of the four introduced eaglets fledged successfully; three or four fledged each year of the program. The nesting structure was removed in 2009.Animals found in the park include Eastern and meadow voles, red-bellied salamanders, southern flying squirrels, opossums, white-footed deer mice, and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inwood_Hill_Park |
Both locals and people from outside the neighborhood fish from the riverbank at the north end of the park. The park has both native and invasive plant species. While the presence of plant life is obvious, the fauna may not be as revealing. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inwood_Hill_Park |
Nursery plants native species were added to the park providing more vegetation such as Abies balsamea (L) Mill., Acer rubrum L., A. saccharum March, Aesculus Pavia L., and Betula Lenta. Non- native species were also introduced to the park affecting the native species. Some of the non-native species present were Rubus p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inwood_Hill_Park |
The park contains three children's playgrounds, baseball and soccer fields, and tennis and basketball courts. The Inwood Hill Nature Center at the north end of the park is both a location for educational programs and the local headquarters of the Urban Park Rangers. Inwood Hill Park's ballfields are heavily used by loc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inwood_Hill_Park |
The park highlight specific activities that contribute to the park usage such as the hiking trail and the Hudson River Bike Trail. The lack of green space in the eastern part of Inwood and the Bronx nearby creates an enormous demand for picnicking with barbecues and table/chair setups, activity that is either illegal o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inwood_Hill_Park |
The park is a central location in the science fiction novel The Orion Project, due to being a low population part of a brightly lit city. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inwood_Hill_Park |
The Catholic Church is the largest non-government provider of health care services in the world. It has around 18,000 clinics, 16,000 homes for the elderly and those with special needs, and 5,500 hospitals, with 65 percent of them located in developing countries. In 2010, the Church's Pontifical Council for the Pastora... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_health_care |
Jesus Christ, whom the Church holds as its founder, instructed his followers to heal the sick. The early Christians were noted for tending the sick and infirm, and Christian emphasis on practical charity gave rise to the development of systematic nursing and hospitals. The influential Benedictine rule holds that "the c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_health_care |
During the Middle Ages, monasteries and convents were the key medical centres of Europe and the Church developed an early version of a welfare state. Cathedral schools evolved into a well integrated network of medieval universities and Catholic scientists (many of them clergymen) made a number of important discoveries ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_health_care |
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