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Many intermediates have been isolated. p-xylene is converted to p-toluic acid, which is less reactive than the p-xylene owing to the influence of the electron-withdrawing carboxylic acid group. Incomplete oxidation produces 4-carboxybenzaldehyde (4-CBA), which is often a problematic impurity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terephthalic_acid |
A teller system is the integrated hardware and software used for retail or wholesale banking transactions, most systems communicate with a core banking system or mainframe over a secured network. The hardware may include a computer or terminal, Cash Drawers, Receipt and Passbook Validator/Printers, magnetic strip readers, pin keypads, bill counters, and bill/coin dispensers. The software is usually based on client/server where several clients (teller stations) are networked to a server which communicates to the mainframe via a dedicated line or satellite. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teller_system |
The eggs of sexually-reproducing organisms are adapted to avoid this situation. The defenses are particularly well characterized in the sea urchin, which respond to the acceptance of one sperm by inhibiting the successful penetration of the egg by subsequent sperm. Similar defenses exist in other eukaryotes. The prevention of polyspermy in sea urchins depends on a change in the electrical charge across the surface of the egg, which is caused by the fusion of the first sperm with the egg. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyspermy |
Both types are recognized to persist in the environment at high levels, particularly in aquatic and marine ecosystems, where they cause water pollution. 35% of all ocean microplastics come from textiles/clothing, primarily due to the erosion of polyester, acrylic, or nylon-based clothing, often during the washing process. However, microplastics also accumulate in the air and terrestrial ecosystems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microplastics |
By now partially blind and almost totally deaf, he dictated his memoirs to his secretary Hermanus Christiaan "Madie" Bredell and Pieter Grobler during the latter part of 1901, and the following year they were published. Kruger and his entourage relocated in December 1901 to Utrecht, where he took a comfortable villa called "Oranjelust" and was joined by his daughter Elsje Eloff and her family. Rhodes died in March 1902, bequeathing Groote Schuur to be the official residence for future premiers of a unified South Africa. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Kruger |
Thousands of people protested against "all the failures of President Wade's regime, the least of which is this horrible statue" on the city's streets beforehand, with riot police deployed to maintain control. Deputy leader of the opposition Ndeye Fatou Toure described the monument as an "economic monster and a financial scandal in the context of the current crisis".The colossal statue has been criticized for its cost at US$ 27 million (£16.6m). The payment was made in kind, with 30 to 40 hectares of land that has variously been reported as sponsored by a Senegalese businessman or state-owned land. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Renaissance_Monument |
Hinrichs is one of the discoverers of the periodic laws, which are the basis for the periodic table of elements. Although his contribution is not generally considered as important as those of Dmitri Mendeleev or Lothar Meyer, he presented his ideas as early as 1855 and published his book Programme der Atommechanik in 1867. His periodic table had the form of a double spiral, and the elements were placed into the structure according to their atomic mass. Hinrichs also postulated a theory on the cause of the periodicity within the chemical elements based on his theory of the composition of elements out of smaller Panatome. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavus_Detlef_Hinrichs |
The coins were found in a cornfield in Kentucky sometime before 2023; the exact location was not revealed. The person who found the hoard requested anonymity and sources say that he is a man. Many of the coins were found in the ground with pieces of a cloth bag and one of the coins was damaged from farm equipment. There were a total of 800 Civil War–era coins in the hoard and 700 of them were gold coins. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Kentucky_Hoard |
Wealthy Han Chinese seized Manchu girls to become their slaves and poor Han Chinese troops seized young Manchu women to be their wives. Young Manchu girls were also seized by Hui Muslims of Xi'an during the massacre and brought up as Muslims.Manchus living in Taiyuan were massacred by the revolutionaries in 1911. Manchus in the banner garrisons at Zhenjiang (Chinkiang) and Nanjing (Nanking) were slaughtered. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Qing_sentiment |
This spurred the development of such facilities at schools nationwide and the subsequent expansion of short open enrollment programs. The industry's exclusive professional association, The International University Consortium for Executive Education, also came into existence during this period. UNICON began sponsoring a tradeshow in the 1970s for companies interested in learning about university-based executive education and an annual conference for members. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_education |
Ruby characters can be quite common on signs in certain parts of South Korea. Here is an example of the Vietnamese ruby characters (Chữ Quốc Ngữ) for Hanoi ("河內"): Chinese characters and its derivations of it (Chữ Hán and Chữ Nôm) with the Vietnamese Kinh people have fallen out of use in favour of Latin-based script Chữ Quốc ngữ during the French colonial period when it was made a part of compulsory education (1920s onwards). Currently still used by Gin people. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_text |
The methods included are: The Nautical Almanac Sight Reduction (NASR, originally known as Concise Tables for Sight Reduction or Davies, 1984, 22pg) Pub. 249 (formerly H.O. 249, Sight Reduction Tables for Air Navigation, A.P. 3270 in the UK, 1947–53, 1+2 volumes) Pub. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sight_reduction |
When a woman is empowered with education and involvement in the economy everyone is better off. Women's economic involvement will drive up Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is a foundational standard for higher living. James Wolfensohn of the World Bank states, "Education for girls has a catalytic effect on every dimension of development: lower child and maternal mortality rates; increased educational attainment by daughters and sons; higher productivity; and improved environmental management. Together, these can mean faster economic growth and, equally important, wider distribution of the fruits of growth… More education for girls will also enable more and more women to attain leadership positions at all levels of society: from health clinics in the villages to parliaments in the capitals. This, in turn, will change the way societies will deal with problems and raise the quality of global decision-making." | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_labor_participation |
The Rollei 35RF was a compact camera with a fixed f/2.8, 38 mm lens. Despite the similarity in names, this camera should not be confused with its modern (2002) namesake, the Rollei 35 RF – a rangefinder camera with a Leica M bayonet lens mount manufactured by Cosina Voigtländer and marketed by Rollei Fototechnic. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rollei-Werke_Franke_&_Heidecke_GmbH_&_Co._KG |
For example, the nationhood felt with other members of your nation when your "imagined community" participates in a larger event such as the Olympic Games. Finally, a nation is a community because,regardless of the actual inequality and exploitation that may prevail in each, the nation is always conceived as a deep, horizontal comradeship. Ultimately it is this fraternity that makes it possible, over the past two centuries, for so many millions of people, not so much to kill, as willingly to die for such limited imaginings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imagined_community |
In analytic geometry, the intersection of a line and a plane in three-dimensional space can be the empty set, a point, or a line. It is the entire line if that line is embedded in the plane, and is the empty set if the line is parallel to the plane but outside it. Otherwise, the line cuts through the plane at a single point. Distinguishing these cases, and determining equations for the point and line in the latter cases, have use in computer graphics, motion planning, and collision detection. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line-plane_intersection |
It orbits a gas giant called Tl'ho. The star is simply called G567-X2 in the Puppeteers' catalogue Kl'mo is a Gw'oth colony founded by Ol't'ro. Not much is explained about this world, except that it seems very primitive and has a very strong gravity. Oceanus is a primitive world briefly surveyed by the crew of Explorer in Fleet of Worlds. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Known_Space |
Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics, 1973 Boltzmann Medal, 1975 Wolf Prize, 1980 Harvard University, D.Sc (Hon. ), 1981 Caltech, Distinguished Alumni Award, 1981 Franklin Medal, 1982 Nobel Prize for Physics, 1982 Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement, 1983 A. C. Eringen Medal, 1984 Aneesur Rahman Prize, 1993 American Physical Society Fellow, 1998 Australian National University, Distinguished Anniversary Fellow, 1996 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_G._Wilson |
The goal temperature should be reached before 8 hours. Targeted temperature management remains partially effective even when initiated as long as 6 hours after collapse.Prior to the induction of targeted temperature management, pharmacological agents to control shivering must be administered. When body temperature drops below a certain threshold—typically around 36 °C (97 °F)—people may begin to shiver. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induced_hypothermia |
The closest marine coastal environment where glacial melt water could have been found at the time of Kennewick Man was Alaska. That, combined with the location of the find, led to the conclusion that the individual led a highly mobile, water-borne lifestyle centered on the northern coast.Craniofacial measurements of the skull were found to resemble those of the Ainu, the descendants of the Jōmon aboriginals of Japan. The Jōmon people and Kennewick Man are thought by the authors to share common ancestors among seafaring peoples of coastal Asia with similar craniofacial characteristics.Advances in genetic research have made it possible to analyze ancient DNA (aDNA). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kennewick_Man |
Arrays may be fixed-length or resizable. A linked list (also just called list) is a linear collection of data elements of any type, called nodes, where each node has itself a value, and points to the next node in the linked list. The principal advantage of a linked list over an array is that values can always be efficiently inserted and removed without relocating the rest of the list. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Structures |
In a more abstract way, the pseudo-spectral method deals with the multiplication of two functions V ( x ) {\displaystyle V(x)} and f ( x ) {\displaystyle f(x)} as part of a partial differential equation. To simplify the notation, the time-dependence is dropped. Conceptually, it consists of three steps: f ( x ) , f ~ ( x ) = V ( x ) f ( x ) {\displaystyle f(x),{\tilde {f}}(x)=V(x)f(x)} are expanded in a finite set of basis functions (this is the spectral method). For a given set of basis functions, a quadrature is sought that converts scalar products of these basis functions into a weighted sum over grid points. The product is calculated by multiplying V , f {\displaystyle V,f} at each grid point. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-spectral_method |
The term "quarter note" is a calque (loan translation) of the German term Viertelnote. The names of this note (and rest) in many other languages are calqued from the same source; Romance languages usually use a term derived from the Latin negra meaning 'black': The Catalan, French, Galician, and Spanish names for the note (all of them meaning 'black') derive from the fact that the semiminima was the longest note to be colored in mensural white notation, which is true as well of the modern form. The Bulgarian, Chinese, Croatian, Czech, Japanese, Korean, Norwegian, Polish, Russian, Serbian and Slovak names mean "quarter" (for the note) and "quarter's pause" (for the rest). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarter_note |
The original Post Instrument was mounted on a metal rod extending vertically from the centre of a circular table. A small section of a map showing the surrounding area was attached to the tabletop.The instrument itself consisted of an open rectangle of metal bars, with the long axis horizontal. Hinges at the connection points between the bars allowed the bars to be rotated to form various parallelograms. Similar hinges were located at the midpoints of the long horizontal bars of the rectangle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post_Instrument |
In particular, by considering an arbitrary nonzero vector in T e G , {\displaystyle T_{e}G,} one can use these identifications to give a smooth non-vanishing vector field on G . {\displaystyle G.} This shows, for instance, that no even-dimensional sphere can support a Lie group structure. The same argument shows, more generally, that every Lie group must be parallelizable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differentiable_manifold |
Guidelines for technical manuals, especially loose bound manuals expected to be updated, often recommend numbering pages by chapter. When numbering by chapter, page "3-2" is the second page of chapter 3, page "A-3" is the third page of Appendix A.Larger newspapers have page "numbers" that begin with a letter -- page "B3" is the third page of the second section. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Page_numbering |
These terms are no longer in use but have contributed to the current understanding of pleiotropy.By accepting the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis, scientists instead focused on how uncoupled phenotypic traits can be affected by genetic recombination and mutations, applying it to populations and evolution. This view of pleiotropy, "universal pleiotropy", defined as locus mutations being capable of affecting essentially all traits, was first implied by Ronald Fisher's Geometric Model in 1930. This mathematical model illustrates how evolutionary fitness depends on the independence of phenotypic variation from random changes (that is, mutations). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleiotropy |
Under the original sense of the term, a middle power was one that had some degree of influence globally, but did not dominate in any one area. However, this usage is not universal, and some define middle power to include nations that can be regarded as regional powers. According to academics at the University of Leicester and University of Nottingham: Middle power status is usually identified in one of two ways. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_power |
In 1967 he embarked on a three month journey across the US, stopping to work at various music studios, including Trumansburg, New York with Robert Moog and the University of Urbana. He also met John Cage during the trip. Back in the UK he produced his tape composition Silent Spring, inspired by Rachel Carson's book and using birdsong recorded at London Zoo. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Newson |
Pulse oximetry is particularly convenient for noninvasive continuous measurement of blood oxygen saturation. In contrast, blood gas levels must otherwise be determined in a laboratory on a drawn blood sample. Pulse oximetry is useful in any setting where a patient's oxygenation is unstable, including intensive care, operating, recovery, emergency and hospital ward settings, pilots in unpressurized aircraft, for assessment of any patient's oxygenation, and determining the effectiveness of or need for supplemental oxygen. Although a pulse oximeter is used to monitor oxygenation, it cannot determine the metabolism of oxygen, or the amount of oxygen being used by a patient. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_oximetry |
There are several methods of non-structural flood control that form part of flood risk management strategies. These can involve policy that reduces the amount of urban structures built around floodplains or flood prone areas through land zoning regulations. This helps to reduce the amount of mitigation needed to protect humans and buildings from flooding events. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood_protection |
At the time of his death, Kreiss was a Swedish citizen, living in Stockholm. He died in Stockholm in 2015, aged 85.Kreiss did research on the initial value problem for partial differential equations, numerical treatment of partial differential equations, difference equations, and applications to hydrodynamics and meteorology. In 1974, he delivered a plenary lecture Initial Boundary Value Problems for Hyperbolic Partial Differential Equations at the International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) in Vancouver. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinz-Otto_Kreiss |
Arena was later replaced in that role by Amaya.According to a survey conducted in September 2003, at least 19 applications used libwww. Agora Arena Amaya Cello CERN httpd server Cygwin Distributed Oceanographic Data Systems with the OPeNDAP GRIF Symposia, a HTML editor Lynx MacWWW Mosaic Robot Operating System (ROS) TkWeb tkWWW WorldWideWeb (later Nexus)Integrated applications in libwww are: Command Line Tool, an application which shows how to use libwww to build simple batch mode tools to access the Web. Line Mode Browser, a Spartan web browser. Webbot, a simple application showing how to use libwww to build robots. Mini Server, a small application showing how to implement a server or a proxy using libwww. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libwww |
Manhattan Borough president Gale Brewer was reported to have claimed that "The two door system is an affront to New Yorkers' belief in fairness and diversity in our city." The Standard explained that the practice had become possible during the administration of former New York mayor Michael Bloomberg who had changed the city's zoning rules to allow developers to build larger buildings than normally allowed in a zone as long as they build a quantity of social housing too.In 2013, journalist Josh Barro argued in defense of poor doors in an article in Business Insider. He calls criticisms of poor doors "absurd" and states that integrating low-income tenants into new luxury buildings via inclusionary zoning, which he says triggers builders to create poor doors, should be replaced with development fees and taxes that would enable the city to build more affordable housing at a lower-cost location. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poor_door |
The fault was named Charlie Fracture Zone after the USCG Ocean Weather Station Charlie at 52°45′N 35°30′W, athwart the fault. In July 1968 USNS Josiah Willard Gibbs (T-AGOR-1) conducted a more extended survey. It was proposed that the fracture zone be renamed Gibbs Fracture Zone, as fracture zones are generally named for research vessels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie-Gibbs_Fracture_Zone |
In May 2002, a group of researchers at Southern Methodist University reported the possibility that strangelets may have been responsible for seismic events recorded on October 22 and November 24 in 1993. The authors later retracted their claim, after finding that the clock of one of the seismic stations had a large error during the relevant period.It has been suggested that the International Monitoring System be set up to verify the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) after entry into force may be useful as a sort of "strangelet observatory" using the entire Earth as its detector. The IMS will be designed to detect anomalous seismic disturbances down to 1 kiloton of TNT (4.2 TJ) energy release or less, and could be able to track strangelets passing through Earth in real time if properly exploited. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strangelet |
In finance, being short in an asset means investing in such a way that the investor will profit if the value of the asset falls. This is the opposite of a more conventional "long" position, where the investor will profit if the value of the asset rises. There are a number of ways of achieving a short position. The most fundamental method is "physical" selling short or short-selling, which involves borrowing assets (often securities such as shares or bonds) and selling them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_position |
A tell-tale sign of capture is a retrograde orbit, which can result from an object approaching the side of the planet which it is rotating towards. Capture has even been proposed as the origin of Earth's Moon. In the case of the latter, however, virtually identical isotope ratios found in samples of the Earth and Moon cannot be explained easily by this theory. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-satellite_disk |
Another means of pressurizing or propelling water used in some water guns is the use of metal springs. Though uncommon, there are blasters that utilize this technique. The Waterball series has a spring-based catapult mechanisms for launching balls of water out of its nozzle. The Water Warriors Steady Stream uses a spring-based mechanisms as a sort of water capacitor to allow this otherwise piston-based water gun to produce a constant stream of water so long as the user pumps quickly enough. Additionally, the Super Soaker Quick Blast employs a spring-based firing chamber to propel its stream forward. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_gun |
A detailed survey on applications of HS can be found. and applications of HS in data mining can be found in.Dennis (2015) claimed that harmony search is a special case of the evolution strategies algorithm. However, Saka et al. (2016) argues that the structure of evolution strategies is different from that of harmony search. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowworm_swarm_optimization |
REAL/NG was IMS' attempt to create the "Next Generation" of REAL/32, also named "REAL/32 for the internet age". REAL/NG promised "increased range of hardware from PCs to x86 multi-processor server systems".Advertised feature list, as of 2003: Runs with Red Hat 7.3 or later version of Linux Backward compatible with DOS and REAL/32 Max 65535 virtual consoles; each of these can be a user No Linux expertise required Administration/setup/upgrade by web browser (local and remote) Supplied with TCP/IP Linux-/Windows-based terminal emulator for the number of users purchased Print and file sharing built in Drive mapping between Linux and REAL/NG servers built in User hardware support Increased performance Vastly increased TPA Multi-processor support Improved hardware support Built-in firewall support Very low cost per seat Low total cost of ownership Supplied on CD Supplied with a set of Red Hat CDsBy 10 December 2003, IMS made "REALNG V1.60-V1.19-V1.12" available, which, based on the Internet Archive, seems to be the latest release. By 2005, the realng.com website was mirroring the IMS main website, and had no mention of REAL/NG, only REAL/32. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurrent_DOS_68K |
Conventionally the z {\displaystyle z} direction is defined to be the direction normal to the surface, and for specular reflection, the scattering vector has only a z {\displaystyle z} -component. A typical neutron reflectometry plot displays the reflected intensity (relative to the incident beam) as a function of the scattering vector: q z = 4 π λ sin ( θ ) {\displaystyle q_{z}={\frac {4\pi }{\lambda }}\sin(\theta )} where λ {\displaystyle \lambda } is the neutron wavelength, and θ {\displaystyle \theta } is the angle of incidence. The Abeles matrix formalism or the Parratt recursion can be used to calculate the specular signal arising from the interface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_reflectometer |
Eventually the BNP government was toppled and ousted when they resigned on 31 March 1996, and handed over power to the caretaker government. The caretaker government stayed in power for 90 days before new elections could be held. Finally a snap election was held on 12 June 1996, where Awami-League won a simple majority by beating its bitter rival BNP and stayed in power for the next five years. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snap_election |
We have that {\displaystyle } is an eigenvector of A n T {\displaystyle A_{n}^{T}} corresponding to some eigenvalue λ ∈ σ ( A n ) {\displaystyle \lambda \in \sigma (A_{n})} in the spectrum of A n {\displaystyle A_{n}} if and only if for n ≥ 2 {\displaystyle n\geq 2} the following two conditions hold: λ a n = ∑ d | n a d and λ a 1 = ∑ k = 1 n a k . {\displaystyle \lambda a_{n}=\sum _{d|n}a_{d}\quad {\text{ and }}\quad \lambda a_{1}=\sum _{k=1}^{n}a_{k}.} If we restrict ourselves to the so-called non-trivial cases where λ ≠ 1 {\displaystyle \lambda \neq 1} , then given any initial eigenvector component a 1 {\displaystyle a_{1}} we can recursively compute the remaining n-1 components according to the formula a j = 1 λ − 1 ∑ d | j d < j a d . {\displaystyle a_{j}={\frac {1}{\lambda -1}}\sum _{d|j \atop d 1 {\displaystyle \Re (s)>1} given by ∑ n ≥ 1 v λ ( n ) n s = λ − 1 λ − ζ ( s ) , {\displaystyle \sum _{n\geq 1}{\frac {v_{\lambda }(n)}{n^{s}}}={\frac {\lambda -1}{\lambda -\zeta (s)}},} where ζ ( s ) {\displaystyle \zeta (s)} of course as usual denotes the Riemann zeta function. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redheffer_matrix |
Weathering steel, often referred to by the genericised trademark COR-TEN steel and sometimes written without the hyphen as corten steel, is a group of steel alloys which were developed to eliminate the need for painting, and form a stable rust-like appearance after several years' exposure to weather. U.S. Steel (USS) holds the registered trademark on the name COR-TEN. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weathering_steel |
In 2003, the CIA World Factbook reported approximately 1.263 billion main telephone lines worldwide. China had more than any other country, at 350 million, and the United States was second with 268 million. The United Kingdom had 23.7 million residential fixed home phones.The 2013 statistics show that the total number of fixed-telephone subscribers in the world was about 1.26 billion. The number of landline subscribers continuously decreases due to upgrades in digital technology and the conveniences that come with switching to wireless, internet, optical fiber, or computer network-based alternatives. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landline |
static - Used only for member classes, specifies that the member class does not belong to a specific instance of the containing class. final - Classes marked as final cannot be extended from and cannot have any subclasses. strictfp - Specifies that all floating-point operations must be carried out conforming to IEEE 754 and forbids using enhanced precision to store intermediate results. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_syntax |
Dried nutmegs are grayish brown ovoids with furrowed surfaces. The nutmegs are roughly egg-shaped, about 20.5–30 mm (0.81–1.18 in) long and 15–18 mm (0.59–0.71 in) wide, weighing 5–10 g (0.18–0.35 oz) dried. Two other species of genus Myristica with different flavors, M. malabarica and M. argentea, are sometimes used to adulterate nutmeg as a spice. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutmeg_seed |
Ultra small-angle scattering (USAS) can resolve even larger dimensions. The grazing-incidence small-angle scattering (GISAS) is a powerful technique for studying of biological molecule layers on surfaces. In biological applications SAS is used to determine the structure of a particle in terms of average particle size and shape. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_Small-Angle_X-ray_Scattering |
The set of all possible ways to infinitesimally displace the n atoms of a polyatomic gas molecule is a linear space of dimension 3n, because each atom can be independently displaced in each of three orthogonal axis directions. However, some three of these dimensions are just translation of the molecule by an infinitesimal displacement vector, and others are just rigid rotations of it by an infinitesimal angle about some axis. Still others may correspond to relative rotation of two parts of the molecule about a single bond that connects them. The independent deformation modes—linearly independent ways to actually deform the molecule, that strain its bonds—are only the remaining dimensions of this space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_heat_capacity |
The general rule is that the proponent of a witness may not attempt to build up the witness's credibility prior to being impeached. The rationale is that the witness is presumed trustworthy. It also speeds proceedings by not spending time bolstering when the other side may not even impeach the witness. To rehabilitate a witness, the proponent is confined to using the same techniques used by the opponent to impeach the witness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witness_impeachment |
Naval Weapons Industrial Reserve Plant, Dallas (NWIRP) was a government-owned, contractor-operated (GOCO) facility operating from 1941 to 2014 which had the mission of designing, fabricating, and testing prototype weapons and equipment, and is located in Dallas, Texas. The NWIRP first began as an aerospace manufacturing complex constructed for the World War II mobilization program. In 2012, the plant was sold to a private corporation for $357,500. It was located for most of its time next to Naval Air Station Dallas, now known as the Grand Prairie Armed Forces Reserve Complex. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_Weapons_Industrial_Reserve_Plant,_Dallas |
In their clip "Balance", Hawking flies across the screen in his buggy and the various characters play around with his speech synthesiser against his will, making it say strange things, such as "I've wet my pants". User Friendly. Hawking realizes in a power blackout that all the dark matter in the universe may be grues. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Hawking_in_popular_culture |
To make the game even simpler, Vogster has implemented the use of pre-built classes. These classes have predetermined items that the player cannot change. Each class has been designed for a certain type of gameplay in mind, and the player is allowed to choose which class it would like to play as. Players still have the option to create their own custom loadout if they choose to do so within quickplay mode, and any pre-built classes the player bought are still usable from the normal lobby included mode. Players are able to change from quickplay mode to the full lobby mode and vice versa at any time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CrimeCraft |
Although the principles remain the same, the mechanical details of various two-stroke engines differ depending on the type. The design types vary according to the method of introducing the charge to the cylinder, the method of scavenging the cylinder (exchanging burnt exhaust for fresh mixture) and the method of exhausting the cylinder. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniflow_scavenging |
Jur P. van den Berg (born 1981 in Groningen, Netherlands) is the Chief Technology Officer and co-founder of driverless trucking startup Ike, which was sold to Nuro in 2020. He has been an assistant professor at the University of Utah. He was formerly a post-doctoral researcher in the Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research at the University of California, Berkeley and in the Department of Computer Science at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He has published more than 40 works in computational chemistry, computational geometry, computer animation, industrial engineering, robotics, and virtual reality. He has also coauthored the reciprocal velocity obstacle library for multi-agent navigation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jur_P._van_den_Berg |
The IJNAS introduced a designation system for experimental engines and those under development / test before production. Once the engine entered service this designation was replaced by the name or unified system. Formed from four character groups the IJNAS experimental designation system consisted of e.g. Nakajima NK9B First character for manufacturer A - Aichi G - Hitachi I - Ishikawajima K - Kawasaki M - Mitsubishi N - Nakajima Y – Naval Air Technical Arsenal (Yokosuka and Hiro) Second Character for engine attributes K - Air cooled E - Liquid Cooled D - Diesel Third Character for the design number Fourth Character for the revision code A - first revision B - second revision, and so on. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_engine_identification_systems |
v. Stuart, 427 U.S. 539 (1976), the United States Supreme Court overturned such a "gag order". It ruled that alternative methods to help ensure a fair trial, short of prior restraints, might have been used, and that it was not all clear, under the circumstances, that the gag order would have the desired effect even if upheld. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prior_restraint |
An extension of the railroad from Fairbanks to Delta Junction over a bridge spanning the Tanana River was envisioned as early as 2009. The 2011 Alaska state budget would provide $40 million in funding for the bridge, which initially be only for vehicular use. The United States Department of Defense would provide another $100 million in funds, as the bridge and a subsequent rail line would provide year-round access to Fort Greely and the Joint Tanana Training Complex. Groundbreaking ceremony for the Tanana River Bridge took place on September 28, 2011, and the new bridge was opened (for military road traffic only) in 2014. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska_Railroad |
Rationality is discussed in a great variety of fields, often in very different terms. While some theorists try to provide a unifying conception expressing the features shared by all forms of rationality, the more common approach is to articulate the different aspects of the individual forms of rationality. The most common distinction is between theoretical and practical rationality. Other classifications include categories for ideal and bounded rationality as well as for individual and social rationality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational_thinking |
Examples of folk arts are: Warli Painting - The Warli region of Maharashtra had the tribal art form known as "Warli painting" first appear. The art genre uses straightforward geometric patterns and shapes to produce images of everyday life, the natural world, and religious themes. The paintings are often created in white on a background of red or ochre. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_art |
These are followed by seven bringers of evil: envy, remorse, avarice, poverty, scorn, ignorance and inconstancy. The corrupted children are rejected by Prometheus but Hope arrives at the end to bring a reconciliation. It is evident from these plays that, in France at least, blame had shifted from Pandora to the trickster god who contrives and enjoys mankind's subversion. Although physical ills are among the plagues that visit humanity, greater emphasis is given to the disruptive passions which destroy the possibility of harmonious living. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandora's_box |
The Madrid Plan used Reticular Matrix Planning methodology (Ordenacion Reticular del Territorio - ORT). Metropolitan Madrid has a natural directionality along the Sierra de Guadarrama mountain ridge. This main directionality, along with the Tagus valley, has produced a natural pattern of reticular human settlements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid_Metropolitan_Plan |
It is plain, in fact, that this original equality was bound to disappear through the advantageous position of the master and the dependent position of the wage-workers. In vain does the law assure the right of each to enterprise. ... When an establishment has had leisure to develop itself, enlarge its foundations, ballast itself with capital, and assure itself a body of patrons, what can a workman do against a power so superior? | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory) |
The articles focused on a back and forth over tax incidence and responses by producers. Edgeworth noticed that a monopoly producing a good that had jointness of supply but not jointness of demand (such as first class and economy on an airplane, if the plane flies, both sets of seats fly with it) might actually lower the price seen by the consumer for one of the two commodities if a tax were applied. Common sense and more traditional, numerical analysis seemed to indicate that this was preposterous. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_economics |
An active shutter 3D system (a.k.a. alternate frame sequencing, alternate image, AI, alternating field, field sequential or eclipse method) is a technique of displaying stereoscopic 3D images. It works by only presenting the image intended for the left eye while blocking the right eye's view, then presenting the right-eye image while blocking the left eye, and repeating this so rapidly that the interruptions do not interfere with the perceived fusion of the two images into a single 3D image. Modern active shutter 3D systems generally use liquid crystal shutter glasses (also called "LC shutter glasses" or "active shutter glasses"). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternate-frame_sequencing |
Leo was seen as a servant, but when the other servants realized that things fell apart without him, he became far more than just a servant to them. This is Greenleaf's idea of what a servant leader should be. Greenleaf first put his idea of servant leadership to use in an organizational sense while he was working as an executive at AT&T.Servant leadership entered the arena of research in 1998 with the publication of the first peer-reviewed servant leadership scale, and since then, over 270 peer reviewed articles have been published across 122 academic journals. The year 2008 was a significant year in servant leadership research with the publication of two seminal papers by Sen Sendjaya, James C Sarros, and Joseph C Santora as well as Liden, Wayne, Zhao, and Henderson, and the first publications using Ehrhart's (2004) measure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servant_leadership |
Specifically, Frank White noted that upon return, some astronauts became involved in humanitarian activities, or became artists, with astronaut Edgar Mitchell founding the Institute of Noetic Sciences. Though Yaden et al. (2016) noted that the experience can be transformative, White said in 2019 that generally there was no "dramatic transformation" or "marching in peace parades"; that the lasting effect was more subtle.A 2018 questionnaire survey of 39 astronauts and cosmonauts found that humanistic changes predominated over spiritual changes. In particular, the survey found a moderate degree of change in the Perceptions of Earth subscale (Earth as "a beautiful, fragile object to be treasured"), which significantly correlated with subsequent involvement in environmental causes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overview_effect |
Many modifications were made during the late 1980s and early 1990s. The primary modification was changing the coding language from BASIC to Turbo Pascal and C. Numerous small changes/repairs were made based on errors that were discovered. During this time period, NASA/Dryden implemented MODGRO in the analysis for the flight test program for the X-29. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFGROW |
The Pell Grant also requires that students maintain satisfactory academic progress in a degree-oriented program as defined by the school they attend. A person may be eligible if previously incarcerated but with limited eligibility, depending on the offense.Students must not have an outstanding Pell overpayment on record. Additionally, an applicant may not receive Pell Grant funds from more than one college at a time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pell_grant |
The width of ⪰ {\displaystyle \succeq } (the largest size of a set in which all elements are incomparable) is finite. The number of utility functions in the representation is at most the width of ⪰ {\displaystyle \succeq } .Note that the guaranteed functions are semicontinuous, but not necessarily continuous, even if all upper and lower contour sets are closed. : Exm.2 Evren and Ok say that "there does not seem to be a natural way of deriving a continuous finite multi-utility representation theorem, at least, not by using the methods adopted in this paper". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preference_representation_theorem |
While semantic rules may be relevant to social structure, to study them "presupposes some structural points of reference which are not themselves rules, with regard to which these semantic rules are differentiated": 159 according to class, sex, region and so on. He called this structural differentiation. Rules differently affect variously situated individuals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_structuration |
Then he was appointed to assistant professor of Seoul National University in 1980 and had been there until retirement in 2011. Afterwards he took a position at Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology in Gwangju. Currently he is distinguished professor and eminent scholar at Kyung Hee University. He was also a professor in School of Physics at Korea Institute for Advanced Study from 1998 to 1999 and held many inviting positions from other institutions including CERN, University of Michigan, Harvard University and University of Bonn. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Jihn-eui |
SQ Software created SQR in the mid 1980s. It had a marketing agreement with D & N Systems, which changed its name to SQL Solutions and was later acquired by Sybase Inc in the early 1990s. To avoid competing directly with Oracle Corporation, Sybase had a marketing and development agreement with MITI for the Oracle database compatible versions of SQR. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQR |
The grey wolf (Canis lupus) is the largest member of the Canidae. Though once abundant over much of North America and Eurasia, the grey wolf inhabits a very small portion of its former range because of widespread destruction of its habitat; in some regions it is endangered or threatened. Considered as a whole, however, the grey wolf is regarded as of least concern for extinction according to the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Wolf weight and size can vary greatly worldwide, tending to increase proportionally with latitude as predicted by Bergmann's Rule. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_hunt |
The composites are closely monitored according to three particular traits; reproductive rates, pasture and feedlot growth. The company also partakes in a carcass assessment which draws upon data extracted from analysing feedlot trials and the specie's overall climate durability. Female Kynunas are culled if they fall out of sync with regular times for calving, and therefore are without calves for an extended period of time. Bulls are also closely monitored, with particular attention given to testicle size, physical structure, feet composition and growth which is based on a predominantly grass based diet. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Australian_Pastoral_Company |
The telegraph appeared around the beginning of the railroad era and railroads typically installed telegraph lines along their routes for communicating with the trains.Teleprinters appeared in 1910 and had replaced between 80 and 90% of Morse code operators by 1929. It is estimated that one teletypist replaced 15 Morse code operators. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Productivity-improving_technologies |
Fetal cells are most sensitive to carcinogens during the early stages of gestation. Notably, early in the gestational period, there is a high rate of cell division. Additionally, the cells exhibit undifferentiated characteristics. These compounding factors illustrate the basis for this heightened cellular sensitivity to genotoxic agents. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transplacental_carcinogenesis |
The observer pattern can cause memory leaks, known as the lapsed listener problem, because in a basic implementation, it requires both explicit registration and explicit deregistration, as in the dispose pattern, because the subject holds strong references to the observers, keeping them alive. This can be prevented if the subject holds weak references to the observers. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observer_pattern |
Mark Skousen introduced gross output as an essential macroeconomic tool in his work, The Structure of Production in 1990; see also Mark Skousen, "At Last, a Better Economic Measure", Wall Street Journal (April 23, 2014). According to Skousen, GO demonstrates that business spending is significantly larger than consumer spending in the economy, and tends to be more volatile than GDP. Earlier-stage and intermediate inputs in GO may also be helpful in forecasting the direction of economic growth. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_output |
For air intake shut down, two distinct types are commonly utilized, i.e. butterfly valves and swing gate or guillotine valves. Because diesel engines ignite fuel using compression instead of an electronic ignition, shutting off the fuel source to a diesel engine will not necessarily stop the engine from running. When an external hydrocarbon, such as methane gas, is present in the atmosphere, it can be sucked into a diesel engine causing overspeed or over revving, potentially leading to a catastrophic failure and explosion. When actuated, ESD valves stop the flow of air and prevent these failures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_shut_down |
The name referred to the concept that the system would be so accurate and free from the effects of mechanical shocks and jarring that it would not require any other form of "fixing" in flight. This was in contrast to the stellar-inertial systems under development by the Navy and others. It would retain its accuracy even through the rough conditions during re-entry, allowing the creation of maneuvering reentry vehicles. : 222 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MX_missile |
Dextroamphetamine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant and enantiomer of amphetamine that is prescribed for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. It is also used as an athletic performance and cognitive enhancer, and recreationally as an aphrodisiac and euphoriant. The amphetamine molecule exists as two enantiomers, levoamphetamine and dextroamphetamine. Dextroamphetamine is the dextrorotatory, or 'right-handed', enantiomer and exhibits more pronounced effects on the central nervous system than levoamphetamine. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dextroamphetamine_saccharate |
According to Thupten Jinpa, "the Fifth Dalai Lama was personally an ecumenist who revered Tibet’s other major Buddhist traditions, especially the Nyingma." In this he was influenced by his teacher Paljor Lhundrup who was a Gelug monk and master of the Nyingma Great Perfection (Dzogchen) tradition. The Fifth Dalai Lama, Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso, is also known as a terton who revealed a cycle of Dzogchen teachings known as the Sangwa Gyachen (Bearing the Seal of Secrecy). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rimé_movement |
It can operate as low as 250 MHz to conserve power during light use. Additionally, the processor features deep sleep state C3, deeper sleep state C4 (AltVID), and HyperTransport 3.0 up to 2.6 GHz, or up to 41.6 GB/s bandwidth per link at 16-bit link width and dynamic scaling of HT link width down to 0-bit ("disconnected") in both directions from and to the chipset for four different usage scenarios. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD_Turion |
The American public's use of CAM therapeutic modalities, herbal medicines, and supplements has grown exponentially. Georgetown University Medical Center recognizes the need to train a new generation of healthcare providers that has a grasp of what is called "integrative medicine" (medicine that incorporates beneficial evidence-based practices from CAM as well as mainstream medicine). The faculty of Georgetown University School of Medicine has made this institution one of the leaders in this field, by incorporating CAM into the education of medical students and into the graduate research programs. Physiology is the study of integrated function of the body, and trained physiologists are uniquely able to address, in their research and teaching, issues of biological and health-related effects of new or previously uninvestigated agents or treatments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgetown_University_Complementary_and_Alternative_Medicine_Program |
It was originally designed for local transport, but now have diversified for multiple use-cases, longer distance travel or off-road situations. The basic design of an electric skateboard consists of an electric motor (out-runner or hub), batteries, speed controller (often the specially designed VESC), and a wireless throttle on top of a regular skateboard, longboard or other variant (e.g. penny board, mountain board). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_skateboards |
Two of the novellas included in the first novel, Dragonflight, made McCaffrey the first woman to win a Hugo or Nebula Award. In 1968, Philip K. Dick's Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?, was published. It is the literary source of the Blade Runner movie franchise. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sci_fi |
While the basic teletext format has remained unchanged in more than 30 years, a number of improvements and additions have been made. Standard electronic program guide (EPGs), like NexTView, are based on teletext, using a compact binary format instead of preformatted text pages. Various other kinds of information are sent over the teletext protocol. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teletext |
Goldberg argues that the pose was among the many introduced into modern yoga by Krishnamacharya in the early 20th century, and taken up by his pupils such as B. K. S. Iyengar, who made the pose a signature of modern yoga. Another case is Utkatasana, sometimes called chair pose, though its name, Utkata, means "fierce". In modern yoga, it is indeed a challenging squatting pose with the thighs approaching the horizontal, whereas in the 19th century Sritattvanidhi it is illustrated as a low squatting pose with the buttocks resting against the heels; the Gheraṇḍa Saṃhitā 2.27 is similar, but the heels are raised. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standing_asanas |
2,657 cases of side effects, eight cases of intrauterine death and five cases of miscarriages were reported after vaccination by afssaps.Rare potential adverse events are temporary bleeding disorders and Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), a serious condition involving the peripheral nervous system, from which most patients recover fully within a few months to a year. Some studies have indicated that influenza-like illness is itself associated with an increased risk of GBS, suggesting that vaccination might indirectly protect against the disorder by protecting against flu. According to Marie-Paule Kieny of WHO assessing the side-effects of large-scale influenza vaccination is complicated by the fact that in any large population a few people will become ill and die at any time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swine_flu_vaccine |
Fluorophosphate glass is a class of optical glasses composed of metaphosphates and fluorides of various metals. It is a variant of phosphate glasses. Fluorophosphate glasses are very unusual in nature. Fluorophosphate glasses have ultra-low theoretical loss of 0.001 dB/km, longer fluorescent lifetime of rare earths, lower coefficient of thermal expansion of ~13×10−6/°C.Some fluorophosphate glasses are used as low dispersion glasses. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorophosphate_glass |
Gallagher is a strong opponent of the legal recognition of same-sex unions and has written books toward that end. Gallagher holds that one of the purposes of marriage is always procreation and rearing children exclusively by heterosexual parents, and argues that same-sex unions diminish the value of heterosexual marriages. Gallagher has compared winning the fight to ban same-sex marriage with the fall of communism and believes that if same-sex marriage is made legal, it will mean "losing American civilization. "Gallagher advocates litigation against spouses who commit adultery and opposes laws which facilitate no-fault divorce.Gallagher has written that "e need a social institution, endowed with public authority, that teaches young men and women that they need to come together in love to raise the children their bodies make together. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maggie_Gallagher |
Specifically, adiabatic pulses solve the problem of signal dropout that comes from the different B1 flux patterns that result from the surface transmit coils used and the usage of normal pulses. Adiabatic pulses are also useful for constraints on RF peak power for excitation and lowering tissue heating. Additionally, adiabatic pulses have substantially higher bandwidth, which reduces chemical shift displacement artefact, which is particularly important at high field strengths and when a large range of frequencies are desired to be measured (i.e., measuring both the signals upfield and downfield of water in proton MRS). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_vivo_magnetic_resonance_spectroscopy |
Once pressurised, the operator will monitor the pressure, the run time, the chamber gas and if applicable, the independent breathing gas supply. The chamber gas quality may be controlled by carbon dioxide scrubber systems, filters and air conditioner systems and addition of oxygen as required, or by periodic ventilation by adding fresh compressed air while simultaneously releasing some of the chamber air. When decompression is started, the operator will notify the occupants and release chamber gas to the atmosphere or to scavenge pumps if it to be recycled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deck_decompression_chamber |
The most plausible method involves redirecting asteroids or comets roughly about 100km wide via gravity assists around Earth's orbit and towards Jupiter or Saturn and back. The aim of this redirection would be to gradually move Earth away from the Sun, keeping it within a continuously habitable zone. This scenario has many practical drawbacks: besides the fact that it spans timescales far longer than human history, it would also put life on Earth at risk as the repeated encounters could cause Earth to potentially lose its Moon, severely disrupting Earth's climate and rotation. Additionally, the encounters would require said asteroids or comets to pass close to Earth; a slight miscalculation could cause an impact between the asteroid or comet and Earth, potentially ending most life on the planet. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_Earth |
He saw the root of system collapses as a result of Occidental or Western epistemology. According to Bateson, consciousness is the bridge between the cybernetic networks of individual, society and ecology and the mismatch between the systems due to improper understanding will result in the degradation of the entire supreme cybernetic system or Mind. Bateson thought that consciousness as developed through Occidental epistemology was at direct odds with Mind.At the heart of the matter is scientific hubris. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory_Bateson |
For a random measure ζ {\displaystyle \zeta } , the integrals ∫ f ( x ) ζ ( d x ) {\displaystyle \int f(x)\zeta (\mathrm {d} x)} and ζ ( A ) := ∫ 1 A ( x ) ζ ( d x ) {\displaystyle \zeta (A):=\int \mathbf {1} _{A}(x)\zeta (\mathrm {d} x)} for positive E {\displaystyle {\mathcal {E}}} -measurable f {\displaystyle f} are measurable, so they are random variables. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_measure |
But there are various software solutions that are being used within the departments of logistics. There are a few departments in Logistics, namely: Conventional Department, Container Department, Warehouse, Marine Engineering, Heavy Haulage, etc. Software used in these departmentsConventional department: CVT software / CTMS software. Container Trucking: CTMS software Warehouse: WMS/WCSImproving Effectiveness of Logistics ManagementLogistical Network Information Transportation Sound Inventory Management Warehousing, Materials Handling & Packaging | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logistics_automation |
The mother hides her calf while she goes out to feed, and returns mainly in the evening to suckle her young. She checks the calf's identity by sniffing its rump or neck. In the first month, suckling may occur for 8 minutes. The mother and calf communicate with low bleats. She licks her offspring, particularly in the perineal region, and may consume its excreta. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesser_kudu |
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