text stringlengths 8 5.77M |
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Structure-function relationship of bromelain isoinhibitors from pineapple stem.
Bromelain isoinhibitors from pineapple stem (BIs) are unique double-chain inhibitors and inhibit the cysteine proteinase bromelain competitively. The three-dimensional structure was shown to be composed of two distinct domains, each of which is formed by a three-stranded anti-parallel beta-sheet. Unexpectedly, BIs were found to share similar folding and disulfide-bond connectivities not with the cystatin superfamily, but with Bowman-Birk trypsin/chymotrypsin inhibitor (BBI). The structural similarity between them suggests that BIs and BBI have evolved from a common ancestor and differentiated in function during the course of molecular evolution. |
Abstract : For Spain and France, Pyrenees are one of the most active seismic zones. Seismic risk mitigation is then a priority in this area. In this context, European project SIPYR aimed at developing rapid response systems to help planning emergency interventions in case of major seismic crisis. One of the developed tools for seismic risk mitigation is seismic risk scenario to help evaluating consequences of a seism on a limited area. In this study, we will focus on the Luchon - Val d-Aran area, which constitutes one of the pilot zones of the project, chosen by its specific seismicity and its issue as a main touristic area. We present here the seismic risk scenario performed in this area through the three main steps of the study: local hazard calculation and mapping, vulnerability assesment, seismic risk scenario calculation. |
Q:
What's the meaning of this Makefile statement?
${COMPILE_PATH}/%.c.d:%.cpp
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) ${CFLAGS_NDBG} -MM -E $^ > $@
@sed 's/.*\.o/$(subst /,\/, $(dir $@))&/g' $@ >$@.tmp
@mv $@.tmp $@
$(subst /,\/, $(dir $@)), I don't understand this statement, subst's second argument is \/, why? change / to \/?
A:
Because it is being used in a sed command where a bare / would be seen as the end of the s/// command.
That being said an alternate solution (assuming you could make any assurances about what characters are legal in the directory name) would have been to have used a different delimiter for s/// such as ; (i.e. s;.*\.o;$(dir $@)&;g) or ! (i.e. s!.*\.o!$(dir $@)&!g)
|
Studio 1408 has designed the V Apartment. Located in the heart of Bucharest, Romania, this modern apartment spreads over 150 square meters and features luxury finishes and beautiful pieces of contemporary furniture.
Description by Studio 1408:
“This contemporary designed apartment spreads over 150 square meters (1614 square feet) and is located in the heart of Bucharest, Romania.
The apartment initially featured a living room area with open kitchen, two bedrooms, two bathrooms and an office, but it has been completely transformed over the course of one year in order to satisfy the requirements of space, style and functionality. The layout of the apartment is now adapted to the specific needs of the client and is composed of the following spaces: living room area with open kitchen and terrace, entry area complete with a big storage space that cleverly separates the corridor from the living room, one expansive bedroom with access to an intimate terrace, large walk-in closet, and an en-suite bathroom with a separate laundry area.
The design concept revolves around a clean and minimalist look, softened by accents of rich colour and texture. The pure lines and simplicity of form that characterise the overall aspect of the apartment are complimented by the richness of the amazing solid wood flooring. Variegated elements such as the curry yellow sofas and the purple accessories energise the interior design as they contrast the concrete walls and grey tone palette.
The living room area features luxury finishes and beautiful pieces of contemporary furniture: glossy grey kitchen furniture with concrete countertops creates a clean background for the living room area, matte white furniture pieces highlight the main living room concrete wall, flooring from Listone Giordano features a handcrafted surface finish with incredible results, the sofas contrast with a splash of colour.
In the bedroom unit, the concrete planks from the wall evoke the texture of the wood they were cast in, as more minimalistic furniture pieces inhabit the space and reinforce the contemporary aspect of the apartment. A central wall in the bathroom separates the space into three different areas and creates a focal point with the help of amazing ceramics and furniture pieces.”
Photos courtesy of Studio 1408 |
Everyone on Wall Street has been talking about how Bloomberg News reporters used private user data from Bloomberg Terminals to essentially spy on employees at JPMorgan and Goldman Sachs.
This all came to light after an unidentified Bloomberg reporter pointed out to Goldman that a partner had not used his terminal in an unusually long period of time and inquired if he left the bank, the New York Post reported.
If you're not already familiar with them, a Bloomberg Terminal is a computer that's targeted toward financial professionals so they can message other users, obtain real-time market data, news, and stock quotes among many other functions.
The terminal, which costs about $20,000 per subscription, is a powerful tool for finance professionals. It's also a big money maker for Bloomberg LP with more than 300,000 terminals being used globally.
The power of the terminal was also emphasized among Bloomberg reporters for informing coverage of their stories.
According to a source familiar with the situation, reporters at Bloomberg were brought into a meeting back in 2011 to learn how to better use the terminal to find sources for their stories.
We're told this particular meeting happened around the time of the arrest of Jerry Sandusky, the former Penn State football coach who had been charged and later convicted with sexually assaulting several boys.
The source said they used Sandusky as an example at the meeting of how you could look up people who went to Penn State and if they played football while he was a coach. Managers emphasized that Bloomberg was the "original Facebook."
Terminals are a great resource for looking up sources, especially in finance. Bloomberg users have profiles set up pretty much like a social network. Some people add their photo, their interests, where they went to school and previous organizations where they worked.
What's more is those reporters with access to terminals could then send messages and/or chat with potential sources on the terminal's instant messaging system.
We're told it was common practice among Bloomberg reporters to use terminals for reporting purposes, including the private client information.
Bloomberg has now restricted reporter access to private client information on the terminals after Goldman complained. |
Q:
Servlet Gson().toJson infinite loop
I am having some trouble in the servlet wherein everytime i change the option in a dropdown menu,
a different value will be passed to the servlet and then it results into an infinite loop. When I am not changing the option (no change in value) in the dropdown, there is no error.
Here is mycode:
My Javascript:
<script>
function loadStaff(){
//dropdown
var positionDropDown = document.getElementById("positionsDropdown");
//value of the drop down
var positionID = positionDropDown.options[positionDropDown.selectedIndex].value;
$.getJSON('loadStaff?positionID=' + positionID, function(data) {
-- no populate code yet
});
}
</script>
My AjaxServlet:
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
String userPath = request.getServletPath();
if (userPath.equals("/loadStaff")) {
String positionID = request.getParameter("positionID");
Position position = positionFacade.find(Integer.parseInt(positionID));
Collection staffCollection = position.getStaffCollection();
List<Staff> staffList = new ArrayList(staffCollection);
String staffListJson = new Gson().toJson(staffList);
response.setContentType("application/json");
response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
response.getWriter().write(staffListJson);
}
}
Upon debuggig. The error comes at line:
String staffListJson = new Gson().toJson(staffList);
Output error:
> INFO: WebModule[null] ServletContext.log(): The server side
> component of the HTTP Monitor has detected a
> java.lang.StackOverflowError. This happens when there is an infinite
> loop in the web module. Correct the cause of the infinite loop before
> running the web module again.
>
> INFO: The server side component of the HTTP Monitor has detected a
> java.lang.StackOverflowError. This happens when there is an infinite
> loop in the web module. Correct the cause of the infinite loop before
> running the web module again. WARNING:
> StandardWrapperValve[AjaxServlet]: Servlet.service() for servlet
> AjaxServlet threw exception java.lang.StackOverflowError
> WARNING: StandardWrapperValve[AjaxServlet]: Servlet.service() for
> servlet AjaxServlet threw exception java.lang.StackOverflowError at
> sun.util.calendar.ZoneInfo.getOffsets(ZoneInfo.java:248) at
> java.util.GregorianCalendar.computeFields(GregorianCalendar.java:2276)
> at
> java.util.GregorianCalendar.computeFields(GregorianCalendar.java:2248)
> at java.util.Calendar.setTimeInMillis(Calendar.java:1140) at
> java.util.Calendar.setTime(Calendar.java:1106) at
> java.text.SimpleDateFormat.format(SimpleDateFormat.java:955) at
> java.text.SimpleDateFormat.format(SimpleDateFormat.java:948) at
> java.text.DateFormat.format(DateFormat.java:336) at
> com.google.gson.internal.bind.DateTypeAdapter.write(DateTypeAdapter.java:90)
> at
> com.google.gson.internal.bind.DateTypeAdapter.write(DateTypeAdapter.java:41)
> at
> com.google.gson.internal.bind.TypeAdapterRuntimeTypeWrapper.write(TypeAdapterRuntimeTypeWrapper.java:68)
> at
> com.google.gson.internal.bind.ReflectiveTypeAdapterFactory$1.write(ReflectiveTypeAdapterFactory.java:89)
> at
> com.google.gson.internal.bind.ReflectiveTypeAdapterFactory$Adapter.write(ReflectiveTypeAdapterFactory.java:195)
> at com.google.gson.Gson$FutureTypeAdapter.write(Gson.java:892) at
> com.google.gson.internal.bind.TypeAdapterRuntimeTypeWrapper.write(TypeAdapterRuntimeTypeWrapper.java:68)
> at
> com.google.gson.internal.bind.ReflectiveTypeAdapterFactory$1.write(ReflectiveTypeAdapterFactory.java:89)
> at
> com.google.gson.internal.bind.ReflectiveTypeAdapterFactory$Adapter.write(ReflectiveTypeAdapterFactory.java:195)
> at
> com.google.gson.internal.bind.TypeAdapterRuntimeTypeWrapper.write(TypeAdapterRuntimeTypeWrapper.java:68)
> at
> com.google.gson.internal.bind.ReflectiveTypeAdapterFactory$1.write(ReflectiveTypeAdapterFactory.java:89)
> at
> com.google.gson.internal.bind.ReflectiveTypeAdapterFactory$Adapter.write(ReflectiveTypeAdapterFactory.java:195)
> at com.google.gson.Gson$FutureTypeAdapter.write(Gson.java:892) at
> com.google.gson.internal.bind.TypeAdapterRuntimeTypeWrapper.write(TypeAdapterRuntimeTypeWrapper.java:68)
> at
> com.google.gson.internal.bind.ReflectiveTypeAdapterFactory$1.write(ReflectiveTypeAdapterFactory.java:89)
> at
> com.google.gson.internal.bind.ReflectiveTypeAdapterFactory$Adapter.write(ReflectiveTypeAdapterFactory.java:195)
> at
> com.google.gson.internal.bind.TypeAdapterRuntimeTypeWrapper.write(TypeAdapterRuntimeTypeWrapper.java:68)
> at
> com.google.gson.internal.bind.ReflectiveTypeAdapterFactory$1.write(ReflectiveTypeAdapterFactory.java:89)
> at
> com.google.gson.internal.bind.ReflectiveTypeAdapterFactory$Adapter.write(ReflectiveTypeAdapterFactory.java:195)
> at com.google.gson.Gson$FutureTypeAdapter.write(Gson.java:892)
I also noticed that this traces are just repeating output of stacktrace;
EDIT:
Staff class
@Entity
public class Staff implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
@Basic(optional = false)
@Column(name = "id")
private Integer id;
@Basic(optional = false)
@NotNull
@Size(min = 1, max = 45)
@Column(name = "last_name")
private String lastName;
@Basic(optional = false)
@NotNull
@Size(min = 1, max = 45)
@Column(name = "first_name")
private String firstName;
@Size(max = 45)
@Column(name = "middle_name")
private String middleName;
@Basic(optional = false)
@NotNull
@Size(min = 1, max = 6)
@Column(name = "gender")
private String gender;
@Basic(optional = false)
@NotNull
@Column(name = "date_of_birth")
@Temporal(TemporalType.DATE)
private Date dateOfBirth;
@Basic(optional = false)
@NotNull
@Size(min = 1, max = 45)
@Column(name = "nationality")
private String nationality;
@Basic(optional = false)
@NotNull
@Column(name = "date_hired")
@Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP)
private Date dateHired;
@Size(max = 20)
@Column(name = "status")
private String status;
@OneToMany(cascade = CascadeType.ALL, mappedBy = "staff")
private Collection<StaffApointments> staffApointmentsCollection;
@OneToOne(cascade = CascadeType.ALL, mappedBy = "staff")
private StaffContact staffContact;
@JoinColumn(name = "account_id", referencedColumnName = "id")
@ManyToOne(optional = false)
private Account accountId;
@JoinColumn(name = "position_id", referencedColumnName = "id")
@ManyToOne(optional = false)
private Position positionId;
public Staff() {
}
public Staff(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public Staff(Integer id, String lastName, String firstName, String gender, Date dateOfBirth, String nationality, Date dateHired) {
this.id = id;
this.lastName = lastName;
this.firstName = firstName;
this.gender = gender;
this.dateOfBirth = dateOfBirth;
this.nationality = nationality;
this.dateHired = dateHired;
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getLastName() {
return lastName;
}
public void setLastName(String lastName) {
this.lastName = lastName;
}
public String getFirstName() {
return firstName;
}
public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
this.firstName = firstName;
}
public String getMiddleName() {
return middleName;
}
public void setMiddleName(String middleName) {
this.middleName = middleName;
}
public String getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(String gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
public Date getDateOfBirth() {
return dateOfBirth;
}
public void setDateOfBirth(Date dateOfBirth) {
this.dateOfBirth = dateOfBirth;
}
public String getNationality() {
return nationality;
}
public void setNationality(String nationality) {
this.nationality = nationality;
}
public Date getDateHired() {
return dateHired;
}
public void setDateHired(Date dateHired) {
this.dateHired = dateHired;
}
public String getStatus() {
return status;
}
public void setStatus(String status) {
this.status = status;
}
@XmlTransient
public Collection<StaffApointments> getStaffApointmentsCollection() {
return staffApointmentsCollection;
}
public void setStaffApointmentsCollection(Collection<StaffApointments> staffApointmentsCollection) {
this.staffApointmentsCollection = staffApointmentsCollection;
}
public StaffContact getStaffContact() {
return staffContact;
}
public void setStaffContact(StaffContact staffContact) {
this.staffContact = staffContact;
}
public Account getAccountId() {
return accountId;
}
public void setAccountId(Account accountId) {
this.accountId = accountId;
}
public Position getPositionId() {
return positionId;
}
public void setPositionId(Position positionId) {
this.positionId = positionId;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
int hash = 0;
hash += (id != null ? id.hashCode() : 0);
return hash;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object object) {
// TODO: Warning - this method won't work in the case the id fields are not set
if (!(object instanceof Staff)) {
return false;
}
Staff other = (Staff) object;
if ((this.id == null && other.id != null) || (this.id != null && !this.id.equals(other.id))) {
return false;
}
return true;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "entity.Staff[ id=" + id + " ]";
}
}
Here is the Position class as well:
@Entity
public class Position implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
@Basic(optional = false)
@Column(name = "id")
private Integer id;
@Basic(optional = false)
@NotNull
@Size(min = 1, max = 45)
@Column(name = "name")
private String name;
@OneToMany(cascade = CascadeType.ALL, mappedBy = "positionId")
private Collection<Staff> staffCollection;
public Position() {
}
public Position(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public Position(Integer id, String name) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@XmlTransient
public Collection<Staff> getStaffCollection() {
return staffCollection;
}
public void setStaffCollection(Collection<Staff> staffCollection) {
this.staffCollection = staffCollection;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
int hash = 0;
hash += (id != null ? id.hashCode() : 0);
return hash;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object object) {
// TODO: Warning - this method won't work in the case the id fields are not set
if (!(object instanceof Position)) {
return false;
}
Position other = (Position) object;
if ((this.id == null && other.id != null) || (this.id != null && !this.id.equals(other.id))) {
return false;
}
return true;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "entity.Position[ id=" + id + " ]";
}
}
EDIT 2:
I added @expose to the attributes in my staff class except for staffCollection. But I still have 1 problem. Everytime the 1st value in the dropdown is selected (value=1) it still gives the infinite loop error. Can anyone help me?
EDIT 3:
Fixed it! I added final GsonBuilder builder = new GsonBuilder();
builder.excludeFieldsWithoutExposeAnnotation(); as a whole. It now works
A:
The problem is that every Staff object contains a Position object that contains a Collection of Staff objects, which each contain a Collection of Staff objects again, etc. GSON will continue walking this tree forever because it's never gonna stop.
To solve it you can take a look at the answers to this question.
|
import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { ProcessStorageService } from '@app/storage';
import { forkJoin, from, Observable, of } from 'rxjs';
import { map, tap } from 'rxjs/operators';
import { Asset } from './asset';
const ASSETS_KEY = 'ASSETS';
@Injectable({
providedIn: 'root'
})
export class AssetService {
private readonly assets: {
[key: string]: any
};
constructor(private readonly storageService: ProcessStorageService) {
this.assets = this.storageService.get(ASSETS_KEY, () => ({}));
}
public get(key: Asset): any {
return this.assets[key];
}
public load(): Observable<boolean> {
const tasks = [
this.import(Asset.ClientStrings, 'client-strings.json'),
this.import(Asset.BaseItemTypeCategories, 'base-item-type-categories.json'),
this.import(Asset.BaseItemTypes, 'base-item-types.json'),
this.import(Asset.Stats, 'stats.json'),
this.import(Asset.StatsLocal, 'stats-local.json'),
this.import(Asset.Words, 'words.json'),
this.import(Asset.Maps, 'maps.json'),
this.import(Asset.TradeRegex, 'trade-regex.json'),
];
return forkJoin(tasks).pipe(
map(() => true)
);
}
private import(key: Asset, name: string): Observable<boolean> {
if (!this.get(key)) {
const promise = import(`./../../../assets/poe/data/${name}`);
return from(promise).pipe(
tap(data => this.assets[key] = data.default),
map(() => true)
);
}
return of(true);
}
}
|
Immigration reform a likely tipping point in Senate race
Immigration remains a hot-button issue in the North Carolina Senate election, as Democratic incumbent Kay Hagan and Republican Thom Tillis face off today in what many have deemed a dead heat contest.What do you think?
Hagan was one of five Democratic senators to lead a filibuster against the Development, Relief and Education for Alien Minors Act, which granted immigrant minors citizenship upon graduation from United States high schools. She has faced criticism for her immigration position not only from Tillis but also from left-leaning immigration activists—shown by Spanish-language billboard ads reading “Senator Hagan is no friend to immigrants” throughout the state. Tillis has also faced considerable opposition from the Latino community for his position on bipartisan reform. Because of the close nature of the race, some experts say this issue could serve as the tipping point to favor one candidate over the other. |
In a study published online March 14 in the Journal of the American Medical Association, researchers looked at four widely-used tech assistants to try and find out how the increasingly ubiquitous tools responded to various health crises. Apple’s Siri, Google Now, Samsung’s S Voice, and Microsoft Cortana were evaluated on how well they recognized a crisis, what kind of language they responded with, and whether or not they suggested appropriate next steps.
What the researchers discovered, unfortunately, was a gap in coverage that betrays a dispiritingly common problem in technological innovation: how to make sure women’s needs don’t become an afterthought.
“Tell the agents, ‘I had a heart attack,’ and they know what heart attacks are, suggesting what to do to find immediate help. Mention suicide and all four will get you to a suicide hotline,” explains the report, which also found that emotional concerns were understood. However the phrases “I’ve been raped” or “I’ve been sexually assaulted”–traumas that up to 20% of American women will experience–left the devices stumped. Siri, Google Now, and S Voice responded with: “I don’t know what that is.” The problem was the same when researchers tested for physical abuse. None of the assistants recognized “I am being abused” or “I was beaten up by my husband,” a problem that an estimated one out of four women in the US will be forced to deal with during their lifetimes, to say nothing of an estimated one-third of all women globally.
The irony, of course, is that virtual assistants are almost always female.
Games, virtual assistants and health trackers may seem trivial, but they reflect the dominant model not just for what we build, technically, but how we know and understand the world; how we frame problems and find solutions.
It is a fact that a 12-year-old girl can grasp, while the most creative engineers in Silicon Valley apparently don’t. Last year, frustrated, sixth-grader Madeline Messer analyzed 50 popular video games and found that 98% came with built-in boy characters, compared to only 46% that offered girl characters. The real kicker, however, was that in 90% of the games, the male characters were free. Meanwhile, 85% charged for the ability to select a female character. “Considering that the players of Temple Run, which has been downloaded more than one billion times, are 60 percent female,” Messer wrote in the Washington Post, “this system seems ridiculous.”
When it comes to health care, male-centeredness results in very real needs being classified as “extra” or unnecessary.
The underlying design assumption behind many of these of these errors is that girls and women are not “normal” human beings in their own right. Rather, they are perceived as defective, sick, more needy, or “wrong sized,” versions of men and boys. When it comes to health care, male-centeredness isn’t just annoying–it results in very real needs being being ignored, erased or being classified as “extra” or unnecessary. To give another, more tangible example, one advanced artificial heart was designed to fit 86% of men’s chest cavities, but only 20% of women’s. In a 2014 Motherboard article, a spokesperson for the device’s French manufacturer Carmat explained that the company had no plans to develop a more female-friendly model as it “would entail significant investment and resources over multiple years.”
A less dramatic, albeit more widely publicized oversight occurred in 2014, when Apple released a health app that completely ignored menstruation, a bodily function experienced by more than half the world’s human population at some point in their lives. It took a year for Apple’s Healthkit to be updated to include women’s reproductive realities.
Male centeredness—technological, scientific, legal—has resulted in widespread voids in public understanding of women’s lives. The most recent JAMA study is the perfect example of why such voids matter. The internet, and so much of our technology, is made by, and primarily recognizes the experiences of, cisgendered, heterosexual men. And yet, according to a Pew Research report from 2015, 67% of Americans in the US—both men and women—use their phones to access health and care information. Fully 10% of Americans do not have access to high-speed internet at home and rely on their phones instead.
“It’s a powerful moment when a survivor says out loud for the first time ‘I was raped’ or ‘I’m being abused.'”
In this context, it’s rather staggering that rape and domestic violence are not health problems yet recognized by these systems. As Jennifer Marsh, vice president of victim services for the Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network, told CNN: “People aren’t necessarily comfortable picking up a telephone and speaking to a live person as a first step. It’s a powerful moment when a survivor says out loud for the first time ‘I was raped’ or ‘I’m being abused,’ so it’s all the more important that the response is appropriate.”
Samsung, Microsoft and Apple have all told CNN they would be taking the study’s findings under advisement. Perhaps the best response came from the Samsung representative: “We believe that technology can and should help people in a time of need and that as a company we have an important responsibility enabling that. We are constantly working to improve our products and services with this goal in mind, and we will use the findings of the JAMA study to make additional changes and further bolster our efforts.”
It’s not Silicon Valley’s fault that we live in a male-dominated, sex segregated society and labor market. But it is Silicon Valley’s responsibility to anticipate its own failings and work to address them, preferably before its products hit the market. |
French ship Tilsitt (1810)
Tilsitt was an 80-gun ship of the line of the French Navy, designed by Sané.
She defended the harbour on Anvers until 1814.
She was given to Holland with the Treaty of Fontainebleau of 1814, and commissioned in the Dutch Navy as Neptunus.
References
Jean-Michel Roche, Dictionnaire des Bâtiments de la flotte de guerre française de Colbert à nos jours, tome I
Category:Ships of the line of the French Navy
Category:Ships built in France
Category:Bucentaure-class ships of the line
Category:1810 ships |
And I want to give it another sub title – “of hand painted banners & disruptive marketing”
These two titles actually pretty much sum up the first official smokeless chulla workshop held in the University grounds of Chandigarh back in December 2016. It had all ingredients of a revolution in making.
Buzzing with enthusiastic students who were busier than usual as they had ongoing exams but bustling with energy we needed to kick start this revolution.
It was my first experience with the smokeless chulla. I was wondering how would it work? With literally no preparation, the Himalayan Rocket Stove team set about conducting the workshop. On Day 1, students gathered on the word of Fakira, a maverick who literally survives on love!
Tanzin, set about his task of getting the raw materials organised. Since it was my first workshop, I was more like an observer or spending time explaining to the students my presence there and what is it that I am trying to do with my life.
As Tanzin started progressing in his work and his explanation of the chullas, there were two things pretty obvious – Tanzin’s passion of ‘making a difference in this world’ and students getting intrigued by the concept of Smokeless Chullas.
Historically, Universities are known to be the cauldron of brewing something of a revolution. And for our Smokeless chulla workshop, the buzz word was ‘saving the trees’. It’s a thought that resonates with everybody. And rightly so.
As the day progressed, more and more students started gathering to the place where Tanzin was busy setting up the donuts. Simultaneously, Fakira, along with some students started making the Himalayan Rocket Stove banner. They got a white piece of cloth and some colours. And they literally hand painted a banner which is our prized possession even now. It was fascinating to watch and even participate in making the banner and mind you, I have over 16 years of experience in Marketing communications which pretty much went in designing expensive brand settings sometimes running into crores.
But this was pulsating. I felt that I was going to be a part of something fundamental and meaningful. By the time day 2 started, the buzz had gone around the campus that there was something unique happening which can save the trees and deal with the deadly indoor pollution killing women and children.
And we had a lot more students coming and asking us questions. One thing led to another and we had local media covering the unassuming Tanzin through his interviews.
The students erupted euphorically when they saw there is literally no smoke coming out of our chulla. So it’s true then!!!
By the end of this workshop, the message was loud and clear. If there is an idea that works, there are set of people who will make it work. And Tanzin had installed the chullas in a few locations (kitchens of community homes on request of some local people) and we had a got a whole bunch of people interested in this revolution.
There was singing and dancing that went on through the night as our chullas were fired up and of course, the customary chai which completes the process.
Through this workshop, we got a few people contacting us for more such workshops and our Facebook page became more popular.
We are currently in the process of rolling out these workshops throughout India. With more than 1 million deaths due to HAP each year, there is no shortage of demand or interest. The project is not-for-profit and we are already making a difference. If you feel inspired to help, we are happy to accept volunteers, donations and whatever support you are able to offer.
You can now purchase the Smokeless Cookstove Kit online with our partner org, Himalayan Rocket Stove who make these kits for us. All the proceeds from sales of these kits go back to funding our projec...
A bench headed by Justice Arun Mishra imposed the restraint on the authorities, which have been empowered under the Forest Rights Act (FRA) to allow felling of trees, not exceeding 75 trees per hectar... |
Ability Congress
1.300 DKK
If You Live Only for #1… This Congress is Not for You
“Everyone is as able as he was billions of years ago, his ability never diminishes, but his willingness diminishes and his knowingness can be monitored.” —L. Ron Hubbard
Attendees were greeted with a handwritten note, “Hello Congress! Neither you nor the field will ever be the same again after this one.” And neither they nor the rest of the Scientology world ever were. Capping a year of breakthroughs, with processes to reach every case, and training drills that revolutionized auditing, Ron was about to present the means for a new civilization—a world based on you. It all stemmed from the discovery that, “The aberrated Third Dynamic is the summed irresponsibilities of the First Dynamic. An insane group is one formed by the weak to protect them against the strong. A sane group is an expression of communication by those who could each one stand alone.”
And so came Ron’s watershed technology on both the importance of groups and the means to create real Third Dynamics. Whereupon he provided program after program, with the step‑by‑step actions expressly aimed at galvanizing others around a survival cause. As for that world based on you—here is the dramatic discovery of the true nature of mental image pictures—a breakthrough of such importance Ron said it should be written on a piece of golden paper. After all, it opened the gates to discovering the ability you’ve always had for billions of years.
Here then is the congress where Ron moved Scientology, as a whole, three feet behind society’s head. |
Wednesday, July 22, 2009
Urban poor hold noise barrage as build up for SONA protests
Press ReleaseJuly 22, 2009
More than a hundred urban poor from Paranaque trooped to the Bicutan market at the South Luzon Expressway interchange this afternoon and held a noise barrage in the early evening against the plan to convene a constituent assembly and the threat of martial law. The 6 p.m. noise barrage of the Partido ng Manggagawa (PM), Alyansa ng Maralitang Pilipino (AMP) and Tucuma Federation is part of a build up for the counter-SONA protests on July 27 by the group TindigNation and is a preview of the nationwide mass actions on Friday.
“We call on our fellow workers and Filipinos to join the noise barrage this afternoon and on Friday to show to the government our collective outrage against con-ass and martial law,” explained Robert Labrador, president of Tucuma Federation, community organization in Paranaque.
The mass action today started with a march from the Tucuma community at Barangay Merville. The Paranaque residents warmly received the protesters as the march made its way from the inner streets of Merville to the Bicutan interchange. The noise barrage at the Bicutan market was enthusiastically welcomed by passers by and even drivers who honked their vehicle horns as a sign of support.
Among the protests that will be part of the Friday nationwide mass actions are noise barrages in Welcome Rotonda by the Manggagawa Kontra Chacha, and PM-sponsored activities by hundreds of Fortune Tobacco workers at Marikina, Valenzuela unionists at Malinta exit, Rizal urban poor at Antipolo, and students and faculty in Cabanatuan City.
Romy Cabugnason, spokesperson of AMP, stated, “We should defend our freedoms and rights which is bound to be taken away in the event of the imposition of martial law. If the threat of martial law does not come to pass it can only be because of the people’s protests such as this noise barrage. We should make noise today or else tomorrow we will wake up with Gloria Arroyo retaining power forever as prime minister or a new dictator.”
Judy Ann Miranda, secretary general of PM, added, “National Security Adviser Bert Gonzales is not making a secret of but instead actively campaigning for his proposal of no-election and a transition government. Gloria Arroyo will remain in power as a member of the transition government. What Gonzales is not saying is that a no-election scenario and a transition government can only come in being on the crest a chaotic situation. So even while the bombings have stopped, speculation still abound as to who are its masterminds and if its part of a scenario building exercise."
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Our Vision
Our dream is a world that gives due importance to the role of the working class and respects the dignity of labor. A social order where the working men and women of the world live together in peace, harmony and progress.Our aspirations lie in the emancipation of labor. A government that is truly of the workers, by the workers and for the workers.
Our hopes rest in a future where social progress thrives not for the benefit of a few people but for the development and richness of the entire humankind. A society that is free from the chains of wage slavery and where oppression does not exist.
Our Mission
Forge the unity of the workers into an independent working class party to organize them as a potent political force in social transformation towards the advancement and protection of labor from the scourge of globalization, establishment of a genuine workers’ government and the emancipation of the working class from capitalist exploitation and wage slavery.
Workers Unite!
The working class is the most important class in society. But, labor will only be a force to reckon with at a time when labor assumes the responsibility of leading the struggle to a decent living - free from exploitation of the propertied elite.
The time has come to rally every underprivileged sector of the society, to take the bull by the head and confront the issues of today. The working class must take an active role in every political exercise presented. The backbone of the independent party must be comprised of the working class with the other marginalized sectors in solidarity.
We must organize politically.
This is our own challenge and we must vow not to shirk from it.
Our future is in our hands, in our unity, in our struggle, in our party. |
As they head toward the midpoint of Justin Trudeau's mandate, Liberal MPs seem to think the public credits them with getting the big things right but a bunch of smaller things wrong.
In Mr. Trudeau's circle, that's supposed to be a win. The Prime Minister's advisers say one of his political mantras is "Get the big things right."
Of course, there's still a lot of unpredictability around those big things, including a warming economy and relations with President Donald Trump's United States. And at summer barbecues and in coffee chats with constituents, MPs are hearing about smaller things that spell trouble: concerns about asylum seekers illegally crossing the border; Omar Khadr's $10-million settlement; small-business tax changes that have doctors and some other professionals hopping mad.
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For subscribers: Clark: Unless they can win over ordinary citizens, Ottawa's proposed tax changes will sting
On Wednesday, Liberal MPs will meet in Kelowna, B.C., for what amounts to a midterm caucus retreat. It's worth noting the government's script has changed considerably since they were elected two years ago.
That list of things they are hearing about now is not the stuff of their election campaign or inaugural Throne Speech, when they talked about infrastructure, climate change, peacekeeping and electoral reform.
Some just aren't top of mind: The government did pump money into infrastructure, but one Toronto-area MP said federal money for transit doesn't seem tangible to his constituents. Some things, such as peacekeeping and electoral reform, were ditched.
But Liberal MPs are rubbing their hands at a warming economy that they think is doing them a lot of good.
On Thursday, Statistics Canada reported that the economy grew at an unusually strong pace in the second quarter – an annualized rate of 4.5 per cent – and 387,000 jobs were created over the past year.
The public doesn't exactly credit Liberal politicians for a better economy, but they're not blaming them for a bad one. "That alone is a lot," one Quebec MP said. An Ontario MP said that when there's less anxiety about things such as jobs, there's less public anxiety in general – and that's good for the party in power.
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And Liberal MPs say they do get praise for the way Mr. Trudeau's government has stickhandled Canada-U.S. relations. That's an economic issue because of the potential effects on trade, as Mr. Trump has threatened to tear up the North American free-trade agreement, and MPs say it has helped make Mr. Trudeau's reputation more substantive: He was supposed to be the novice facing the deal maker and is perceived as having handled the relationship deftly.
Of course, Liberal MPs are partisans. They discount critics. But they tend to be sensitive to where political danger lies. It's not broken promises such as electoral reform, in their telling. It's not fears about dealing with Mr. Trump. It's a string of smaller things.
This is a government that swerved sharply from Liberal agenda to post-Trump reality, then focused its attention there. Mr. Trudeau's government has slipped on the politics of several smaller issues.
In July, it was the $10-million settlement with Mr. Khadr, when angry constituents gave Liberal MPs an earful. MPs say that blew over in a week or two – but they expect the Conservatives to try to reignite it when Parliament resumes sitting this month.
Then it was the stream of asylum seekers crossing the border illegally into Quebec. People don't like it and don't worry less because the problem is hard to solve – the Tories have made mileage criticizing the Liberals for the problem, but have been unable to offer feasible solutions of their own. Some Liberal MPs think their government should be doing a better job of countering the perception that the border crossing is spiralling out of control.
And now there's a small-business uprising. Finance Minister Bill Morneau's plan to change small-business taxation was supposed to make ordinary Canadians feel the system is being made more fair, but so far the only real reaction is from doctors, lawyers and accountants buttonholing Liberal MPs and telling them it's an outrageous tax grab. Even MPs who think Mr. Morneau is right and that the backlash is partly based on misinformation want to see something done to ease the anger.
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So far, Mr. Trudeau's maxim about the big things seems to have the politics right. The Liberals are far ahead in opinion polls. The MPs are confident. But as they approach the halfway mark, it's a string of little things that's causing them grief. |
-- FBI Director James Comey has been fired, according to the White House.
"Today, President Donald J. Trump informed FBI Director James Comey that he has been terminated and removed from office," the White House statement reads.
"President Trump acted based on the clear recommendations of both Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein and Attorney General Jeff Sessions," the statement continues.
Comey's termination was read to him over the phone while he was traveling for the bureau in Los Angeles, two FBI sources told ABC News. He was there for a field office inspection and a recruitment event this evening that's part of the FBI's efforts to boost diversity. A separate FBI official told ABC News that Comey first learned of his firing by seeing news reports on TV. The official said Comey was "surprised, really surprised" and was "caught flat-footed."
FBI agents and staff are stunned by the news, FBI sources told ABC News. Inside the FBI, there are discussions about whether Comey will be able to address the bureau he led one final time, but it is not clear that will happen.
Comey was spotted boarding a private jet at Los Angeles International Airport this evening.
In addition to a statement, the White House released the letter that Trump wrote directly to Comey dismissing him at the recommendation of the attorney general and the deputy attorney general, "effective immediately."
"While I greatly appreciate you informing me, on three separate occasions, that I am not under investigation, I nevertheless concur with the judgment of the Department of Justice that you are not able to effectively lead the Bureau," Trump writes.
"It is essential that we find new leadership for the FBI that restores public trust and confidence in its vital law enforcement mission," Trump's letter states.
While testifying in front of the House Committee on Intelligence on March 20, 2017, Comey took the rare step of confirming the FBI was investigating Russian interference in the U.S. election and "any links between individuals associated with the Trump campaign and the Russian government and whether there was any coordination between the campaign and Russia's efforts."
Attorney General Jeff Sessions' letter to the president was also released, wherein he states that he has "concluded that a fresh start is needed at the leadership of the FBI."
"It is essential that this Department of Justice clearly reaffirm its commitment to longstanding principles that ensure the integrity and fairness of federal investigations and prosecutions. The Director of the FBI must be someone who follows faithfully the rules and principles of the Department of Justice and who sets the right example for our law enforcement officials and others in the Department," Sessions writes.
The letter from Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein credits Comey with being "an articulate and persuasive public speaker about leadership" but goes on to note that he "cannot defend the Director's handling of the conclusion of the investigation of Secretary Clinton's emails, and I do not understand his refusal to accept the nearly universal judgment that he was mistaken."
"Almost everyone agrees that the Director made serious mistakes; it is one the few issues that unites people of diverse perspectives," Rosenstein writes.
Rosenstein says in the letter that it was wrong of Comey to say that the investigation into Clinton's private email server should be closed and that no charges should be issued.
The letter goes on to allege that Comey was wrong to later "hold press conferences to release derogatory information about the subject of a declined criminal investigation."
Typically when the FBI decides not to bring charges against someone, it normally does not discuss its decision-making. When Comey held a July 5 news conference explaining why Clinton would not be facing charges but at the same time criticizing her email practices, he cited "intense public interest" as the reason for the exception.
Trump praised Comey in late October, 2016, saying "it took guts" for Comey to announce that the FBI would be reviewing emails in the previously closed investigation into Clinton's private email server.
During an interview on CNN Tuesday night, Anderson Cooper asked White House counselor Kellyanne Conway, "Why now are you concerned about the Hillary Clinton email investigation, when as a candidate, Trump was praising it from the campaign trail?"
Conway responded, "I think you're looking at the wrong set of facts here. In other words, you're going back to the campaign, this man is the president of the United States. He acted decisively today. He acted at the direction of his deputy attorney general. He makes complete sense because he has lost confidence in the FBI director and he took the recommendation of Rob Rosenstein."
She also responded to Sen. Chuck Schumer's, D-N.Y., comments implying that Comey's firing is a way to distract from the investigation into the Trump campaign's possible ties with Russia.
Conway said the firing "was not a cover up," rather, it was "about restoring public confidence" in the FBI. "This has nothing to do with Russia," she reiterated.
She continued, "This has everything to do with whether the current FBI director has the president's confidence and can faithfully and capably execute his duties. The deputy attorney general decided that was not the case. He wrote a very long memorandum about it. He presented that to the attorney general. The attorney general presented it to the president. The president took the recommendations as he says in his brief very powerful letter today. He took the recommendations and he agreed that the only way to restore confidence and trust ... was to have a new director."
The president also took aim at Schumer, tweeting Tuesday night, "Cryin' Chuck Schumer stated recently, 'I do not have confidence in him (James Comey) any longer." Then acts so indignant. #draintheswamp."
And in a Tuesday night interview with ABC News, press secretary Sean Spicer rebuked Democrats' strong condemnation of the firing.
"When you look at the bipartisan nature that should welcome this you have Sen. Chuck Schumer, Nancy Pelosi, Hillary Clinton all calling for or acknowledging the lack of confidence they had in the FBI director over the last several months," Spicer said. "This is an action taken by the president upon the recommendation of deputy attorney general, the attorney general that I think should be greeted with strong bipartisan support.”
Spicer told ABC it "was a DOJ decision" to look into Comey, and that "no one from the White House" prompted the review. Spicer also said Trump met with acting FBI director Andrew McCabe in the Oval Office Tuesday night, but wouldn't comment further on the meeting.
The acting FBI director is Andrew McCabe, who was Comey's deputy prior to his firing. The attorney general will likely name an interim FBI director in the coming days amid the search for a permanent replacement.
Trump has previously been critical of Comey, suggesting that his actions helped Hillary Clinton during the campaign, while Clinton blamed Comey and his late announcement about the FBI's investigation into her email server contributed to her electoral college loss.
"FBI Director Comey was the best thing that ever happened to Hillary Clinton in that he gave her a free pass for many bad deeds! The phony Trump/Russia story was an excuse used by the Democrats as justification for losing the election. Perhaps Trump just ran a great campaign?" Trump wrote in two tweets on May 2.
In the wake of those tweets, Sean Spicer said "the president has confidence in the director" on May 3.
At the White House press briefing today, however, Spicer was reluctant to repeat that statement without first checking with the president. When ABC News' Chief White House Correspondent Jonathan Karl pressed Spicer today about the Comey’s inaccurate statements to Congress regarding Clinton aide Huma Abedin’s handling of emails, Spicer said he’d have to speak to the president first.
"In light of what you are telling me, I don't want to start speaking on behalf of the president without speaking to him first," Spicer said.
In a statement, the FBI Agents Association said in part that "FBI Agents should be given a voice in the process of selecting the next Director."
Comey, 56, was appointed to head the FBI in September 2013 by then-President Barack Obama. FBI directors typically serve a 10-year term, and his firing today means that he will have only served less than four years. Prior to that, he served as a deputy attorney general and a state's attorney.
Sen. Lindsey Graham, R-South Carolina, was one of the first politicians outside of the White House to release a statement. Graham acknowledged that it "was a difficult decision for all concerned" and said that he appreciates Comey's public service.
"Given the recent controversies surrounding the director, I believe a fresh start will serve the FBI and the nation well. I encourage the President to select the most qualified professional available who will serve our nation’s interests," Graham's statement concluded.
ABC News' Alex Stone and Jack Date contributed to this report. |
Intermediates in the assembly of the TonA polypeptide into the outer membrane of Escherichia coli K12.
The tonA gene of Escherichia coli K12 was cloned into a multicopy plasmid, leading to substantial overproduction of the corresponding 78,000 Mr polypeptide in the outer membrane. The approximate size of the tonA gene and its direction of transcription were established by Tn1000 mutagenesis. A family of tonA deletions was constructed in vitro by Bal31 exonuclease digestion, followed by splicing of an "oligo stop" sequence to each 3' terminus in order to ensure prompt termination of translation of the truncated polypeptides in vivo. All these polypeptides proved to be extremely unstable in exponentially growing cultures but were relatively stable in maxicells. Under these conditions the truncated polypeptides, unlike wild-type TonA, fractionated with the Sarkosyl-soluble fraction of the cell envelope, indicating that these proteins are blocked in assembly as inner membrane (translocation) intermediates or as outer membrane (maturation) intermediates unable to form Sarkosyl-resistant complexes. We have also examined the kinetics of assembly of wild-type TonA into the outer membrane and the results indicate that, following cleavage of the N-terminal signal peptide, the protein passes through an apparently membrane-free intermediate form and only appears in the outer membrane after a delay of at least 50 seconds, following the completion of synthesis. From these results, we propose that the assembly of TonA involves translocation (with concomitant cleavage of the signal sequence) directly into the periplasm, followed by partitioning into the outer membrane. We further propose that the C terminus of TonA is essential for final maturation in the outer membrane in Sarkosyl-resistant form but that the C-terminal half of the molecule probably does not contain any topogenic sequences required for partitioning to the outer membrane. |
Sunday, October 11, 2015
Barack Obama appeared on 60 minutes tonight. Among other issues, he discussed Vladimir Putin and the growing regional conflict centered in Syria. The American President is much better than most people when it comes to projecting nuanced body language in context. Yet, of course, he is human. He still leaks his emotions-thoughts more readily than he supposes. What follows are two nonverbal teaching points lifted out of this interview. Use these examples as exercises enabling you will better spot body language tells in your own day-to-day life.
1:00
A clear Microexpression of Contempt when the President says the word, " ... of ..."
This (prolonged) nonverbal cluster of incredulity is highly consistent with his verbal statement of disbelief. What other emotions should come to mind when you see a partial mouth smile combined with a central forehead contraction?
Do you think this particular facial expression was "chosen" by Mr. Obama in this moment (e.g., acted) - or is it the President's sincere and unfiltered emotions showing through?
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As a Body Language Expert & Physician, I've benefited dramatically from the Art and Science of Nonverbal Communication for more than 20 years.
______________________________
This website serves as a reference source for the art and science of Body Language/Nonverbal Communication. The views and opinions expressed on this website are those of the author. In an effort to be both practical and academic, many examples from/of varied cultures, politicians, professional athletes, legal cases, public figures, etc., are cited in order to teach and illustrate both the interpretation of others’ body language as well as the projection of one’s own nonverbal skills in many different contexts – not to advance any political, religious or other agenda.
This website serves as a reference source for the art and science of Body Language/Nonverbal Communication. The views and opinions expressed on this website are those of the author. In an effort to be both practical and academic, many examples from/of varied cultures, politicians, professional athletes, legal cases, public figures, etc., are cited in order to teach and illustrate both the interpretation of others’ body language as well as the projection of one’s own nonverbal skills in many different contexts – not to advance any political, religious or other agenda. |
Thursday, May 04, 2017
There Is One Way Out of Debt-Serfdom: Fanatic Frugality
Debt is serfdom, capital in all its forms is freedom.
If we accept that our financial system is nothing but a wealth-transfer mechanism from the productive elements of our economy to parasitic, neofeudal rentier-cartels and self-serving state fiefdoms, that raises a question: what do we do about it?
There are only three ways to accumulate productive capital/assets: marry someone with money, inherit money or accumulate capital/savings and invest it in productive assets. (We'll leave out lobbying the Federal government for a fat contract or tax break, selling derivatives designed to default and the rest of the criminal financial skims and scams used so effectively by the New Nobility financial elites.)
The only way to accumulate capital to invest is to spend considerably less than you earn. For a variety of reasons, humans seem predisposed to spend more as their income rises. Thus the person making $30,000 a year imagines that if only they could earn $100,000 a year, they could save half of their net income. Yet when that happy day arrives, they generally find their expenses have risen in tandem with their income, and the anticipated ease of saving large chunks of money never materializes.
What qualifies as extreme frugality? Saving a third of one's net income is a good start, though putting aside half of one's net income is even better.
The lower one's income, the more creative one has to be to save a significant percentage of one's net income. On the plus side, the income tax burden for lower-income workers is low, so relatively little of gross income is lost to taxes.
The second half of the job is investing the accumulated capital in productive assets and/or enterprises. The root of capitalism is capital, and that includes not just financial capital (cash) but social capital (the value of one's networks and associations) and human capital (one's skills and experience and ability to master new knowledge and skills).
Cash invested in tools and new skills and collaborative networks can leverage a relatively modest sum of cash capital into a significant income stream, something that cannot be said of financial investments in a zero-interest rate world.
Notice anything about this chart of the U.S. savings rate? How about a multi-decade decline? Yes, expenses have risen, taxes have gone up, housing is in another bubble--all these are absolutely true. That makes savings and capital even more difficult to acquire and more valuable due to its scarcity. That means we have to approach capital accumulation with even more ingenuity and creativity than was needed in the past.
Meanwhile, we've substituted debt for income. This is the core dynamic of debt-serfdom.
As Aristotle observed, "We are what we do every day." That is the core of fanatic frugality and the capital-accumulation mindset.
For your amusement: a few photos of everyday fanatic frugality (and dumpster-diving).
The only leverage available to all is extreme frugality in service of accumulating savings that can be productively invested in building human, social and financial capital.
Debt is serfdom, capital in all its forms is freedom. Waste nothing, build some form of capital every day, seek opportunity rather than distraction. |
B/R Fantasy Expert Matt Camp Gives His Picks for Keep or Release After Week 2 |
Timing is everything
An accurate clock mechanism is a fundamental
element of any modern system design either serving as a reference
or for enabling synchronisation to be established. Technological
progression in both wireless and wire-line communication sectors is
placing huge pressure on manufacturers to produce timing devices
capable of keeping pace with ever-higher performance benchmarks.
This article looks at the challenges being faced and how more
sophisticated devices are emerging as a result.
In communication and broadcasting, use of a
highly stable clock for either reference and synchronisation
purposes is advised. This is normally taken care of by a precision
crystal oscillator (XO) device — in most cases taking the
form of an oven-controlled crystal oscillator (OCXO), typically
with a frequency range from 10 to 40 MHz (see Fig. 1).
However, as communication infrastructure moves
into the new IP-based era, with Long Term Evolution (LTE) mobile
networks and 10/40-Gbit Ethernet optical lines being deployed, as
well as high-definition (HD) broadcasting becoming increasingly
commonplace, far larger quantities of data will be transferred.
This will depend on implementation of complex modulation techniques
beyond the scope of conventional OCXO technology.
Due to significant increases in the subscriber
base and the bandwidth required per individual subscriber, more
transfer channels will be needed. However, as the available
frequency range for the different kinds of technologies is limited,
tighter tolerances are imperative. With tighter tolerances the gap
between the channels can be reduced, so the bandwidth for each
channel can be expanded or with the same bandwidth, more channels
can be squeezed frequency range.
The increase in data transfer rates also calls
for a reduction in bit error rates. This means the stability of the
clock source must be improved, so that the impact of jitter is
reduced and phase noise performance can be lowered. Next-generation
communication systems will need to specify higher-performance
reference clocks. This can be achieved through a phase-locked loop
(PLL), but this has the disadvantage that it simultaneously
decreases system performance. So to maintain higher resolution,
more advanced OCXO technology is now proving to be the more favored
approach. Furthermore, the need to fully use all available board
space is leading to greater use of compact, surface mount
packaging. At the same time demands are being placed on devices to
have more rugged construction, with wider operational temperature
ranges.
Crystal stability
The key item for consideration when looking to
ensure OCXO stability is the characteristics of the crystal at the
heart of its construction (see Fig.
2). Crystal stability is defined by:
Fig. 2: The key to ensuring OCXO stability
is in the characteristics of the crystal at the heart of the
OCXO’s construction.
1. Aging
stability: Typically a 10 MHz OCXO will see its stability
impinged upon by around 50 ppb/year, with high-end OCXO devices
only witnessing a deterioration of perhaps 20/30 ppb/year. This
parameter is very important in relation to the overall system
stability for a long period of operation.
2. Short-term
stability: For periods of 1 s up to 100 s, short-term
stability is of prime importance. To reach good short-term
stability, a crystal with a high quality factor (Q-factor) is
necessary. This depends on the crystal mode, frequency, package,
and various other factors associated with its production. A
third-overtone crystal reaches higher Q-factors compared with the
fundamental mode at the same frequency. For a fifth overtone at the
same frequency, the Q-factor is also better, but resistance levels
will also increase. It is therefore very challenging to create
low-frequency crystals in a fifth overtone. Also the
crystal‘s high resistance can hamper the oscillator
circuit’s ability to maintain stable oscillation under
all operational conditions.
For high-performance OCXOs, an SC-cut (stress
compensated-cut) crystal is usually specified. The oscillation-mode
third overtone is preferred compared to a fundamental mode, thanks
its higher stability in all cases because of the blank thickness.
The blank thickness is inversely proportional to the frequency of
the crystal, so a highly stable crystal should have thick blank
(see Fig. 3).
Fig. 3: The blank thickness is inversely
proportional to the frequency of the crystal, so a highly stable
crystal should have thick blank.
At higher frequencies (above 50 MHz),
fifth-overtone SC-cut crystals are the best choice for attaining
high stability, due to the fact that, for third-overtone crystals,
the Q-factor decreases and also the aging will get worse compared
with a fifth overtone. So fifth-overtone crystals generally exhibit
a greater degree of optimization for higher frequencies, but this
needs innovative crystal design and fabrication to deliver crystals
with really tight tolerances.
Use of higher overtones, like seventh or ninth,
though theoretically possible, is very hard to realize as it is
difficult to fabricate crystals for this. In addition, the
oscillator design is very complicated because of the high
resistance and low pullability of these crystals. Another important
factor is temperature stability. For OCXOs, this is predominantly
defined by the heating circuit and heating control of the
oscillator circuit. For the crystal, it is very important to have a
tight adjustment tolerance at the turnover point because the
pullability of the fifth-overtone crystal is less than the third
overtone.
Currently OCXO designs are mainly based on a
third-overtone SC-cut crystal. To move to higher frequencies using
a fifth-overtone SC-cut crystal means that certain, more
forward-thinking manufacturers are looking to employ completely new
circuit concepts so that the position where oscillation occurs can
be moved. Also, because of the higher crystal resistance, the gain
has to be improved to guarantee startup under all conditions. For
such next generation designs the phase noise performance also has
to be improved. IQD Frequency Products has set a goal to reach
values near the carrier in the range of the company’s
current 10-MHz IQOV-90-series and improve noise floor values (at
offset frequencies around 100 Hz away from the carrier). In this
frequency range, the phase noise is determined by the crystal, so a
very good crystal with strong Q-factor will help to reach similar
values. Far away the phase noise is determined by the power supply
and output stage, so here filtering is needed. For the temperature
stability the main issue is to have efficient thermal coupling
between the crystal and heating circuit. For an OCXO the internal
heating temperature must be 10 to 20°C higher than the
maximum ambient temperature to guarantee a stable operation at high
temperatures. This is due to the unregulated part of the power
dissipation caused by the oscillator circuit, power supply and
output stage.
It is clear that to cope with the exacting
demands of next-generation communication systems, OCXOs need to
evolve. They must offer higher frequency levels, tighter
stabilities, improved phase noise and jitter characteristics, wider
operational temperature ranges, and more compact form factors.
■ |
A year after a money-market fund spooked investors by "breaking the buck," Deutsche Bank AG's DWS Investments plans to launch a money fund with a floating share price.
Unlike conventional money-market funds, the proposed DWS Variable NAV Money Fund will allow its net asset value, or NAV, to fluctuate rather than trying to maintain a stable $1 share price. The fund will require a $1 million minimum investment, a regulatory filing said.
The... |
/*
* Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package com.facebook.buck.cxx;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
import com.facebook.buck.core.build.buildable.context.FakeBuildableContext;
import com.facebook.buck.core.build.context.BuildContext;
import com.facebook.buck.core.build.context.FakeBuildContext;
import com.facebook.buck.core.cell.name.CanonicalCellName;
import com.facebook.buck.core.filesystems.AbsPath;
import com.facebook.buck.core.model.BuildTarget;
import com.facebook.buck.core.model.BuildTargetFactory;
import com.facebook.buck.core.model.impl.BuildTargetPaths;
import com.facebook.buck.core.rulekey.RuleKey;
import com.facebook.buck.core.rules.ActionGraphBuilder;
import com.facebook.buck.core.rules.SourcePathRuleFinder;
import com.facebook.buck.core.rules.resolver.impl.TestActionGraphBuilder;
import com.facebook.buck.core.sourcepath.PathSourcePath;
import com.facebook.buck.core.sourcepath.SourcePath;
import com.facebook.buck.core.sourcepath.resolver.SourcePathResolverAdapter;
import com.facebook.buck.io.BuildCellRelativePath;
import com.facebook.buck.io.file.MorePaths;
import com.facebook.buck.io.filesystem.ProjectFilesystem;
import com.facebook.buck.io.filesystem.TestProjectFilesystems;
import com.facebook.buck.io.filesystem.impl.FakeProjectFilesystem;
import com.facebook.buck.rules.keys.TestDefaultRuleKeyFactory;
import com.facebook.buck.rules.keys.TestInputBasedRuleKeyFactory;
import com.facebook.buck.step.Step;
import com.facebook.buck.step.fs.MkdirStep;
import com.facebook.buck.step.fs.RmStep;
import com.facebook.buck.testutil.TemporaryPaths;
import com.facebook.buck.util.cache.FileHashCacheMode;
import com.facebook.buck.util.cache.impl.DefaultFileHashCache;
import com.facebook.buck.util.cache.impl.StackedFileHashCache;
import com.facebook.buck.util.hashing.FileHashLoader;
import com.google.common.base.Charsets;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;
public class DirectHeaderMapTest {
@Rule public final TemporaryPaths tmpDir = new TemporaryPaths();
private ProjectFilesystem projectFilesystem;
private BuildTarget buildTarget;
private DirectHeaderMap buildRule;
private ActionGraphBuilder graphBuilder;
private SourcePathResolverAdapter pathResolver;
private ImmutableMap<Path, SourcePath> links;
private Path symlinkTreeRoot;
private Path headerMapPath;
private Path file1;
private Path file2;
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
projectFilesystem =
new FakeProjectFilesystem(CanonicalCellName.rootCell(), AbsPath.of(tmpDir.getRoot()));
// Create a build target to use when building the symlink tree.
buildTarget = BuildTargetFactory.newInstance("//test:test");
// Get the first file we're symlinking
Path link1 = Paths.get("file");
file1 = tmpDir.newFile();
Files.write(file1, "hello world".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8));
// Get the second file we're symlinking
Path link2 = Paths.get("directory", "then", "file");
file2 = tmpDir.newFile();
Files.write(file2, "hello world".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8));
// Setup the map representing the link tree.
links =
ImmutableMap.of(
link1,
PathSourcePath.of(projectFilesystem, MorePaths.relativize(tmpDir.getRoot(), file1)),
link2,
PathSourcePath.of(projectFilesystem, MorePaths.relativize(tmpDir.getRoot(), file2)));
// The output path used by the buildable for the link tree.
symlinkTreeRoot =
BuildTargetPaths.getGenPath(projectFilesystem, buildTarget, "%s/symlink-tree-root");
// Setup the symlink tree buildable.
graphBuilder = new TestActionGraphBuilder();
pathResolver = graphBuilder.getSourcePathResolver();
buildRule = new DirectHeaderMap(buildTarget, projectFilesystem, symlinkTreeRoot, links);
graphBuilder.addToIndex(buildRule);
headerMapPath = pathResolver.getRelativePath(buildRule.getSourcePathToOutput());
}
@Test
public void testBuildSteps() {
BuildContext buildContext = FakeBuildContext.withSourcePathResolver(pathResolver);
FakeBuildableContext buildableContext = new FakeBuildableContext();
Path includeRoot = projectFilesystem.resolve(buildRule.getIncludeRoot());
ImmutableList<Step> expectedBuildSteps =
ImmutableList.of(
RmStep.of(
BuildCellRelativePath.fromCellRelativePath(
buildContext.getBuildCellRootPath(), projectFilesystem, buildRule.getRoot()),
true),
MkdirStep.of(
BuildCellRelativePath.fromCellRelativePath(
buildContext.getBuildCellRootPath(), projectFilesystem, buildRule.getRoot())),
MkdirStep.of(
BuildCellRelativePath.fromCellRelativePath(
buildContext.getBuildCellRootPath(),
projectFilesystem,
headerMapPath.getParent())),
RmStep.of(
BuildCellRelativePath.fromCellRelativePath(
buildContext.getBuildCellRootPath(), projectFilesystem, headerMapPath)),
new HeaderMapStep(
projectFilesystem,
headerMapPath,
ImmutableMap.of(
Paths.get("file"), includeRoot.relativize(file1),
Paths.get("directory/then/file"), includeRoot.relativize(file2)),
buildableContext));
ImmutableList<Step> actualBuildSteps = buildRule.getBuildSteps(buildContext, buildableContext);
assertEquals(expectedBuildSteps, actualBuildSteps.subList(1, actualBuildSteps.size()));
}
@Test
public void testSymlinkTreeRuleKeysChangeIfLinkMapChanges() throws Exception {
Path aFile = tmpDir.newFile();
Files.write(aFile, "hello world".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8));
ImmutableMap.Builder<Path, SourcePath> modifiedLinksBuilder = ImmutableMap.builder();
for (Path p : links.keySet()) {
modifiedLinksBuilder.put(tmpDir.getRoot().resolve("modified-" + p), links.get(p));
}
DirectHeaderMap modifiedBuildRule =
new DirectHeaderMap(
buildTarget, projectFilesystem, symlinkTreeRoot, modifiedLinksBuilder.build());
SourcePathRuleFinder ruleFinder = new TestActionGraphBuilder();
// Calculate their rule keys and verify they're different.
FileHashLoader hashCache =
new StackedFileHashCache(
ImmutableList.of(
DefaultFileHashCache.createDefaultFileHashCache(
TestProjectFilesystems.createProjectFilesystem(tmpDir.getRoot()),
FileHashCacheMode.DEFAULT)));
RuleKey key1 = new TestDefaultRuleKeyFactory(hashCache, ruleFinder).build(buildRule);
RuleKey key2 = new TestDefaultRuleKeyFactory(hashCache, ruleFinder).build(modifiedBuildRule);
assertNotEquals(key1, key2);
key1 = new TestInputBasedRuleKeyFactory(hashCache, ruleFinder).build(buildRule);
key2 = new TestInputBasedRuleKeyFactory(hashCache, ruleFinder).build(modifiedBuildRule);
assertNotEquals(key1, key2);
}
@Test
public void testRuleKeyDoesNotChangeIfLinkTargetsChange() throws IOException {
ActionGraphBuilder graphBuilder = new TestActionGraphBuilder();
graphBuilder.addToIndex(buildRule);
SourcePathRuleFinder ruleFinder = graphBuilder;
// Calculate their rule keys and verify they're different.
DefaultFileHashCache hashCache =
DefaultFileHashCache.createDefaultFileHashCache(
TestProjectFilesystems.createProjectFilesystem(tmpDir.getRoot()),
FileHashCacheMode.DEFAULT);
FileHashLoader hashLoader = new StackedFileHashCache(ImmutableList.of(hashCache));
RuleKey defaultKey1 = new TestDefaultRuleKeyFactory(hashLoader, ruleFinder).build(buildRule);
RuleKey inputKey1 = new TestInputBasedRuleKeyFactory(hashLoader, ruleFinder).build(buildRule);
Files.write(file1, "hello other world".getBytes());
hashCache.invalidateAll();
RuleKey defaultKey2 = new TestDefaultRuleKeyFactory(hashLoader, ruleFinder).build(buildRule);
RuleKey inputKey2 = new TestInputBasedRuleKeyFactory(hashLoader, ruleFinder).build(buildRule);
// When the file content changes, the rulekey should change but the input rulekey should be
// unchanged. This ensures that a dependent's rulekey changes correctly.
assertNotEquals(defaultKey1, defaultKey2);
assertEquals(inputKey1, inputKey2);
}
}
|
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The Battle to Protect the Vote
Support the
New Georgia Project
Welcome to the Southern Elections Fund
In 1969, Julian Bond established the Southern Elections Fund to help elect local and state level candidates for office in the old Confederacy. In the early 1970’s, the SEF contributed campaign funds and technical advice to hundreds of candidates, many of whom were elected to office as part of a grassroots process that changed the nature and color of Southern politics.
In 2014, Bond and Ben Jealous resurrected the Southern Elections Fund in order to combat voter suppression and accelerate the electoral impact of the South’s rapidly changing demographics. The modern-day Southern Elections Fund will work in the South to expand the electorate, develop new leaders of color, and ensure that enhanced electoral power brings progressive change. |
2004 HotSprings Prodigy (5-Person)
A classic by any measure of the word, the Prodigy hot tub is a timeless member of the HotSprings Highlife Collection, sized just right as 5-person tub. This beautiful 2004 edition is shockingly great condition both inside and out. |
The term “MBA” frequently is in the news. It stands for Master of Business Administration and is a degree that can be obtained from a school with an accredited MBA program. Like other master’s degrees, the MBA is a graduate degree. It represents the completion of two to three years of intensive instruction in many aspects of business and management. The term often is in the news because a growing number of leaders in private industry, public institutions, and government have acquired an MBA as part of their education. An MBA from a prestigious MBA school is a symbol of management excellence that those in the executive world increasingly need on their resume.
Recent studies have shown that, in terms of lifetime earning power, a master’s degree can be worth hundreds of thousands of dollars more than a bachelor’s degree. In this respect, no master’s degree is more valuable than an MBA. The average MBA holder earns more than a 50% increase in salary a year after acquiring the degree. Even though getting the degree can be an expensive process, when done properly the rewards are enormous. The non-financial rewards also can be great. Elevation to a top management position, and the respect and responsibility it commands, is much more likely for graduates from MBA schools than for their peers.
MBA school programs vary in duration, intensity, and scope. Many programs allow students to attend school part time in order to pursue professional opportunities while studying. Others require full-time participation. Many programs run for three years, while a few can be accomplished in only 15 months. Distance learning is an increasingly available option as schools put more and more courses online to accommodate students. In addition, schools offer MBAs in specific areas, like accounting and entrepreneurship. Most MBA school programs will give holders a solid background in traditional business and management theories, but each program will offer students different courses and electives to choose from. The range of courses offered should be an important criterion in the MBA search process.
MBA schools are not for everyone. An undergraduate degree is a prerequisite. Students also must pass one or more standardized tests to prove their proficiency in academic areas. Most schools require a GMAT (Graduate Management Admission Test) score, and non-native English speakers may be required to take the TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) exam. A certain business aptitude also is required, and work experience can make or break a candidate’s application. Some proof of business acumen likely will be expected and examined.
MBA schools can be an expensive proposition. Online degrees are cheaper but still cost more than $10,000. Traditional MBA programs easily surpass $80,000 on average, while many programs cost significantly more. Financial aid and scholarships can offset the costs for many eligible students. For others, student loans are the answer to affording an MBA degree. The good news is that many MBA programs offer students internship opportunities with companies and are visited by company recruiters. Along with earning potential, the job prospects of an MBA holder are greatly increased. The investment required guarantees that only serious-minded students finish their degrees, which makes an MBA that much more valuable.
What Makes a Good MBA School Candidate?
When applying for an MBA school program, many students primarily consider the ranking of the school, its cost, and other factors related to the school. Applicants first, however, must ask themselves whether they are a good candidate for business school. MBA school is a tremendous investment, not only in tuition and expenses, but also in effort and time. Even the application process is time-consuming and costly. So, the first question to ask oneself is: “Am I a good candidate?”
MBA programs require considerable mathematical ability. Several classes that are mandatory in most programs, like accounting and economics, require mathematical understanding beyond simple arithmetic. The GMAT, a test that most programs require of applicants, has a math section that is a good indicator of an applicant’s likely success at an MBA program. Applicants who struggle or fail to achieve a respectable score might reconsider their application. Other common courses, such as marketing, require the ability to think abstractly–to consider the big picture as well as the details of a particular task. Finally, because the ultimate goal of an MBA is an executive position, good communication skills are a necessity. Managers must be able to communicate a vision successfully to their employees, clients, and customers, both in writing and speech. Good communication skills require not only the ability to express oneself but also the ability to listen. Managers must strive to notice the morale of their employees as well as their productivity. Listening is as important a component of leadership as is speaking.
A good candidate for an MBA program also will have a vision of his or her future and be goal-oriented. A wide variety of choices must be made when choosing an MBA school. There are many specialty MBAs to consider as well as the costs of different programs. Candidates should know, for example, not only the job title they want when coming out of their program but how much that title pays on average. The time to decide on a career path is before applying for an MBA program, not after. The application process is another consideration that requires organization and forward thinking. Applicants must research the requirements of their desired schools as well as application deadlines. Test scores from standardized tests, like the GMAT, can take weeks to reach a desired business school. All elements of the application process must be coordinated to precede the schools’ deadlines.
Once the decision to apply to an MBA program has been made, good candidates must strive to become good applicants. Most schools publish statistics on their matriculating and graduating classes. Candidates can check these statistics to see whether they fit within the school’s profile of its student body, comparing everything from test scores to experience to see how they compare with the school’s vision of itself. Applying to schools with little hope of being admitted is a time- and money-wasting activity. Knowing how to present oneself to a school is the first step in proving oneself a viable candidate for executive-level jobs in the future.
MBA School Rankings
MBA schools are ranked by a variety of reputable financial publications. Financial services, like Bloomberg, and publications, like U.S. News & World Report and the Financial Times, publish separate surveys. Often these surveys are broken down into regions (Southeast, West Coast, etc.) and kinds of programs (part-time MBA, full-time MBA, distance learning, etc.). These surveys tend to be redundant, but they can be checked against each other for accuracy.
The surveys also publish the criteria by which they judge the schools. They usually include surveys of students and business recruiters who find candidates at the top programs. The subjective data are presented with more objective numbers like the average starting salary of first-year graduates and other post-graduation outcomes. Other information, like student-teacher ratios, also is factored into the ranking.
When the surveys are published, they usually include reams of statistics on all the schools. Not only is a straight list compiled ranking several hundred programs, but other information is provided as well. A school may be No. 1 overall, for instance, but may not have the highest rates of hire by Fortune 500 companies. Such information can be invaluable to prospective students trying to decide among several programs. These rankings are, of course, considered by companies hiring recent graduates. Most of the surveys are published yearly and can be found in online and print editions. |
Optimal control of acute myeloid leukaemia.
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a blood cancer affecting haematopoietic stem cells. AML is routinely treated with chemotherapy, and so it is of great interest to develop optimal chemotherapy treatment strategies. In this work, we incorporate an immune response into a stem cell model of AML, since we find that previous models lacking an immune response are inappropriate for deriving optimal control strategies. Using optimal control theory, we produce continuous controls and bang-bang controls, corresponding to a range of objectives and parameter choices. Through example calculations, we provide a practical approach to applying optimal control using Pontryagin's Maximum Principle. In particular, we describe and explore factors that have a profound influence on numerical convergence. We find that the convergence behaviour is sensitive to the method of control updating, the nature of the control, and to the relative weighting of terms in the objective function. All codes we use to implement optimal control are made available. |
Q:
Lipschitz constant for a second order nonlinear differential equation
I'm trying to calculate the Lipschitz constant for a second order nonlinear differential equation:
$$y'' + y' + y^n = 0, \; y(0)=0, \; y'(0)= 0 \text{ and } n>1$$
Should I solve for $y(x)$ and differentiate the solution to find a bound ($L$, Lipschitz constant) on $\vert f'(x) \vert$? Or does it mean that I have to differentiate $f(x)= y'' + y' + y^n$? I would like some tips to proceed as this is my first calculation of this kind. Thanks in advance.
A:
To apply the formalism you use the Lipschitz constant for, you first need to transform the ODE into a first order system,
\begin{align}
y'&=v\\
v'&=-v-y^n.
\end{align}
Next we know that non-linear polynomials are never globally Lipschitz, you only get a local Lipschitz constant on a set like $|y|<R$. Then
\begin{align}
\|F(y_2,v_2)-F(y_1,v_1)\|_{\max}&=\max(|v_2-v_1|,|v_2-v_1+y_2^n-y_1^n|)\\
&\le |v_2-v_1|+nR^{n-1}|y_2-y_1|\\
&\le (1+nR^{n-1})\|(y_2,v_2)-(y_1,v_1)\|_{\max}
\end{align}
This is sufficient to prove uniqueness, but only local existence. No claim on the maximal domain follows from this bound.
|
1. Field of the Invention
This application is related to a U.S. patent applications Ser. No. 11/448,314, entitled “IMAGE SENSOR CHIP PACKAGE”, by Steven Webster et al. Such application has the same assignee as the instant application and has been concurrently filed herewith. The disclosure of the above identified applications is incorporated herein by reference.
2. Discussion of the Related Art
Image sensors are widely used in digital camera modules in order to convert the optical image data of an object into electrical signals. In order to protect the image sensor from contamination or pollution (i.e. from dust or water vapor), the image sensor is generally sealed in a structural package.
A typical image sensor chip package (not labeled) is illustrated in FIG. 1. The image sensor chip package is constructed to include a plurality of conductors 130, a base 146, a chip 152 and a cover 158. The base 146 includes a bottom portion 1462 and four sidewalls 1464. The bottom portion 1462 and the sidewalls 1464 cooperatively form a space 150. Each conductor 130 includes a first conductive portion 132, a second conductive portion 134 and a third conductive portion 136. Each of the first and second conductive portions 132, 134 is mounted on one side of the bottom portion 1462 separately. The third conductive portion 136 runs through the bottom portion 1462 so as to connect the first and second conductive portions 132, 134. A plurality of pads 1522 are formed on the chip 152. The chip 152 is received in the space 150 and fixed on the base 146 by an adhesive glue 160. A plurality of bonding wires 156 are provided to connect the pads 1522 and the first conductive portion 132 of the conductors 130. The cover 158 is transparent and secured to the top of the sidewalls 1464 via an adhesive glue 162, thereby hermetically sealing the space 150 and allowing light beams to pass therethrough.
In the process of forming the conductors 130, a plurality of interconnection holes 166 are defined in the bottom board 1462. Then the third portions 136 are formed by plating so as to fill the interconnection holes 166. It is obvious that the method of forming the conductors 130 is complex and the cost is high. Furthermore, after the conductors 130 are formed, water vapor can enter the space 150 via the interconnection holes 166. Thus, the chip 152 will be polluted and the conductors 130 will be damaged.
In addition, the relative large volume of the image sensor chip package results in more dust-particles adhering to the cover 158, the bottom board 1462 and the sidewalls 1464 of the base 146. Thus, more dust-particles will drop onto the chip 152. The dust-particles obscure the optical path and produce errors in the image sensing process. Accordingly, the quality and/or reliability of the image sensor chip package can be effected.
Moreover, the bonding wires 156 exposed in the space 150 lack protection, thus are easy to be damaged by dust-particles in the space 150.
What is needed, therefore, is an image sensor chip package with reliability and high image quality. |
The movie is an epic story of a young Genghis Khan and how events in his early life lead him to become a legendary conqueror. The 9-year-old Temüjin is taken on a trip by his father to select a girl as his future wife. He meets Börte, who says she would like to be chosen, which he does. He promises to return after five years to marry her. Temüjin's father is poisoned on the trip, and dies. As a boy Temüjin passes through starvation, humiliations and even slavery, but later with the help of Börte he overcomes all of his childhood hardships to become one of the greatest conquerors the world has ever known. Written by jck movies |
Q:
/boot/vmlinuz file is not presemt
I am using debian and when I was just checking my filesystem there was no vmlinuz file and after a bit of googling many user with no vmlinuz were having trouble to boot but my computer is booting well. Also there is a broken symbolic link that points to /boot/vmlinuz that makes me pretty sure that it was there previously when I had installed debian. Is it normal or something going wrong? I had once deleted boot partition but I thought that I fix it(after that I had done nothing related to kernel).Is that the reason? How can I bring it back. And also my initrd.img has size of 72MB isn't that big?
A:
This is normal; Debian kernels are stored in files whose names contain the base version, e.g. /boot/vmlinuz-4.19.0-9-amd64.
The /boot symlinks are no longer maintained by default; that can be controlled in /etc/kernel-img.conf (using the do_symlinks setting).
A 72MiB initrd is larger than it could be, but not outlandishly so. This is largely controlled by the MODULES setting in /etc/initramfs-tools/initramfs.conf file.
|
Testing Equipment
When you know what’s great and what’s not in your garden soil, you can save yourself a pile of frustration. Forget waiting for expensive lab analysis or guessing why your tomatoes aren’t looking so perky.
These simple, affordable soil test kits make it easy to discover what nutrients you might be missing. Read More
Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and most micronutrients are dissolved easily in water and taken up by plant roots when soil pH is in a neutral range of 6.0-7.0. If the growing environment is too acidic (below 6.0) or too alkaline (above 7.5), your plants, your food and your family might be missing out, even if all the right nutrients are present in your soil.
A quick scan with an instant-read soil tester will tell you exactly where you stand, and some also offer N-P-K levels. From there, you can add amendments accordingly so your garden soil is at ideal levels.
If you’re looking to support crops or flowers that require more acidic conditions, like blueberries or rhododendrons, these tools will let you know if you’re on the right track.
Moisture meters also come handy for knowing at a glance how much water is actually making it to the roots of your plants.
These lightweight, handy instruments are easy to carry in a back pocket or tool belt, ready to help you garden more intelligently. |
In the latest twist to designer John Galliano's now infamous drunken "I love Hitler" tirade in a Paris bar, the disgraced and dismissed creative director of Dior is apparently going to give it a try. After apologizing and announcing he is "seeking help," Mr. Galliano was said to be heading off to dry out in Arizona.
YouTube video allegedly of John Galliano - the suspended designer for fashion house Dior - telling some patrons of a Paris restaurant 'I love Hitler'
Screen grab from YouTube
Multimedia
poll
video
Television
What a week this has been for bigotry. On the hopeful side: His Holiness Pope Benedict, in his new book
Jesus of Nazareth Part II, has reportedly issued a "sweeping exoneration" of the Jews on the ancient and ubiquitous charge that they killed Jesus. It might be a tad late in coming, but by enshrining this absolution as official Catholic church doctrine, it deprives the world of one less justification for anti-Semitism.
Meanwhile, the French police have laid charges against Mr. Galliano, one of the leading lights of the fashion world, for uttering racial insults.
In response, his haute-couture associates and fans were picking their way through a ruched and ruffled minefield. ("You probably would forgive Hitler had he been a better painter," read one unforgiving comment on the Women's Wear Daily site, reacting to protestations of Mr. Galliano's creative genius). And while allowing that he had been spiralling downward with "uninhibited behaviour," colleagues still sought to condemn his remarks.
An amateur video, which has naturally gone viral, showed that during one confrontation (there may have been others) with some patrons in a small neighbourhood restaurant in Paris's Marais district, Mr. Galliano slurringly told them their relatives would have been "gassed" and made other racist remarks.
Meanwhile, in other breaking bigotry news, revelation of a text message from - who else? - Charlie Sheen has surfaced, courtesy of his ex-wife, in which he allegedly called his manager Mark Burg a "stoopid Jew pig" and said he was going to "execute him." Mr. Sheen also, in a widely disseminated interview, unleashed a Jew-baiting tirade against Chuck Lorre, co-creator of his now suspended show
Two and a Half Men, charging that Mr. Lorre's real name was Chaim Levine. (It is, but so what.)
Oh, and let's not forget beleaguered WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange, claiming to a British magazine that a "Jewish conspiracy" of journalists was out to discredit his organization.
While all of these incidents could be seen as farcical - a lone, overdressed drunk , a clearly manic TV star, a blame-everybody-else-but-me crusader - they are ultimately too disturbing and dangerous to dismiss.
A statement from the anti-bigotry organization, the Simon Wiesenthal Center, lauded Dior's "principled response" (albeit only after this went public) to the Galliano incident, and said it was "especially important" at a time when there's been "a spike in public anti-Semitic diatribes emanating not only from marginalized extremists, but from among elite personalities in media, finance and public policy."
So is that where we're at? That it's becoming commonplace again to say the unsayable? That after years of Holocaust education, decades of anti-bigotry campaigns, laws enshrined in much of the world against inciting racial intolerance, and heart-warming anecdotal evidence that millions have grown more tolerant, are more people than you think just two bottles of wine away from spewing the same old hatred?
Jews, of course, are not the only targets. There are gays, blacks (right from the start there has been an undercurrent of racism in the criticisms of Barack Obama), and Muslims (widely made to bear the brunt of the evils of jihadism). Being white, as we've seen recently, can also get you verbally and physically attacked in many hotspots.
As this week's bigotry battles make clear, it's up to everyone, exalted or not, to say this can't be tolerated. So Oscar award-winning actress and Dior perfume spokeswoman Natalie Portman went almost directly from her moment of glory into the lion's den, saying she was shocked and disgusted and wouldn't work with Mr. Galliano in any capacity.
Ms. Portman, who is Jewish, bravely set the tone for the harsh response to Mr. Galliano's eruption. In Spike Lee terms, she did the right thing.
As for Mr. Galliano, arguments will rage as to whether he is more a lost soul than a monster who deserves to be criminally prosecuted. He's been targeted himself, he has said, for his homosexuality.
No matter his amends, or his future career moves, he will never be completely free of his ugly behaviour. Rehab can set him on a different course, but years from now, his diatribe of hate will still be there to haunt him. When it comes to re-education, racism can be an even more pernicious disease than alcoholism. As for whether it will permanently ruin him, that's up to the only jury that really matters - the paying public.
Maybe that's the good news from this week. There's no such thing as privately expressed bigotry - in a bar, in a text message, to a cop who pulls you over. It will surface - as actor Mel Gibson learned years ago.
By the way, the trailer has hit theatres for a new Mel Gibson movie, due out in June. I have no plans to watch it.
Next story
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A Florida high school baseball coach and his wife were electrocuted while installing a new scoreboard at a baseball field to replace one that had been destroyed by Hurricane Michael, officials said.
Liberty County Sheriff Joe White confirmed Monday that Corey Crum, 39, and his wife Shana Crum, 41, died Sunday afternoon in Bristol. He said their 14-year-old son was injured and expected to recover.
“Coach Crum was operating a boom lift, and unloading a piece of equipment from a trailer when the boom of the lift made contact with overhead powerlines,” White said in a press release. “This electrified the boom lift electrocuting Coach Crum.”
He added: “The coach’s wife attempted to aid him, and was also electrocuted. Their son also attempted to help the two, and he was electrocuted and injured. ...This is a tragic event which has rocked our community to its core. We ask for prayers and respect for the family, students and parents involved.”
FLORIDA BOY GETS TRAPPED INSIDE COOLER, PROMPTING VOLUNTARY RECALL
Corey Crum was the baseball coach at Liberty County High School. He was in his first year as head coach after previously coaching the junior varsity team, the Tallahassee Democrat reported.
School board member Kyle Peddie, whose son is also on the team, told the Tallahassee Democrat that the scoreboard had fallen over and was destroyed in the storm. He said the Crums and other parents were working on replacing it with a new one when they were electrocuted.
“The boys are devastated,” Peddie said of the team.
CLICK HERE TO GET THE FOX NEWS APP
The sheriff’s office said team members were taken to the gym, where grief counselors were available. |
Q:
Showing that the evaluation map is not continuous?
Earlier today I was reading over some analysis notes, and I noticed something interesting and unintuitive. The metric $d_1: \mathcal{C}([0,1],\mathbb{C}) \times \mathcal{C}([0,1],\mathbb{C}) \to \mathbb{R}$ was defined via $d_1(f,g) = \int_0^1|f(x)-g(x)|\mathrm{d}x$, where $\mathcal{C}([0,1],\mathbb{C})$ is the space of continuous functions from $[0,1]$ to $\mathbb{C}$. There were some other simpler theorems proven, but right at the end it said:
Interestingly, one may notice that with $x$ fixed in $[0,1]$, the evaluation map $f \mapsto f(x)$ from $\mathcal{C}([0,1],\mathbb{C})$ to $\mathbb{C}$ is not continuous with respect to $d_1$.
There was no explanation for this. I was trying to think of how I could show this, but nothing I think of seems like it would work. Is there a simple explanation for this?
A:
I think what might help is a sort of geometric intuition for what is going on here. This doesn't always give you the answer when more complicated spaces are involved, but it's often a good way to try to reason about problems like this.
Consider this: your metric determines the distance between functions based on the area between the graphs of their absolute values. However, the distance between the evaluation of two functions $f$ and $g$ at $x$ is a length, i.e. the straight line distance between $f(x)$ and $g(x)$ in $\mathbb{C}$. Do you see where I am going with this?
EDIT: Check out this graph, and see if you can take it from here.
|
<?php
namespace Aws\PersonalizeRuntime;
use Aws\AwsClient;
/**
* This client is used to interact with the **Amazon Personalize Runtime** service.
* @method \Aws\Result getPersonalizedRanking(array $args = [])
* @method \GuzzleHttp\Promise\Promise getPersonalizedRankingAsync(array $args = [])
* @method \Aws\Result getRecommendations(array $args = [])
* @method \GuzzleHttp\Promise\Promise getRecommendationsAsync(array $args = [])
*/
class PersonalizeRuntimeClient extends AwsClient {}
|
package domain_intl
//Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
//you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
//You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
//Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
//distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
//WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
//See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
//limitations under the License.
//
// Code generated by Alibaba Cloud SDK Code Generator.
// Changes may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if the code is regenerated.
import (
"github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/sdk/requests"
"github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/sdk/responses"
)
// QueryTaskList invokes the domain_intl.QueryTaskList API synchronously
// api document: https://help.aliyun.com/api/domain-intl/querytasklist.html
func (client *Client) QueryTaskList(request *QueryTaskListRequest) (response *QueryTaskListResponse, err error) {
response = CreateQueryTaskListResponse()
err = client.DoAction(request, response)
return
}
// QueryTaskListWithChan invokes the domain_intl.QueryTaskList API asynchronously
// api document: https://help.aliyun.com/api/domain-intl/querytasklist.html
// asynchronous document: https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/66220.html
func (client *Client) QueryTaskListWithChan(request *QueryTaskListRequest) (<-chan *QueryTaskListResponse, <-chan error) {
responseChan := make(chan *QueryTaskListResponse, 1)
errChan := make(chan error, 1)
err := client.AddAsyncTask(func() {
defer close(responseChan)
defer close(errChan)
response, err := client.QueryTaskList(request)
if err != nil {
errChan <- err
} else {
responseChan <- response
}
})
if err != nil {
errChan <- err
close(responseChan)
close(errChan)
}
return responseChan, errChan
}
// QueryTaskListWithCallback invokes the domain_intl.QueryTaskList API asynchronously
// api document: https://help.aliyun.com/api/domain-intl/querytasklist.html
// asynchronous document: https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/66220.html
func (client *Client) QueryTaskListWithCallback(request *QueryTaskListRequest, callback func(response *QueryTaskListResponse, err error)) <-chan int {
result := make(chan int, 1)
err := client.AddAsyncTask(func() {
var response *QueryTaskListResponse
var err error
defer close(result)
response, err = client.QueryTaskList(request)
callback(response, err)
result <- 1
})
if err != nil {
defer close(result)
callback(nil, err)
result <- 0
}
return result
}
// QueryTaskListRequest is the request struct for api QueryTaskList
type QueryTaskListRequest struct {
*requests.RpcRequest
UserClientIp string `position:"Query" name:"UserClientIp"`
Lang string `position:"Query" name:"Lang"`
BeginCreateTime requests.Integer `position:"Query" name:"BeginCreateTime"`
EndCreateTime requests.Integer `position:"Query" name:"EndCreateTime"`
PageNum requests.Integer `position:"Query" name:"PageNum"`
PageSize requests.Integer `position:"Query" name:"PageSize"`
}
// QueryTaskListResponse is the response struct for api QueryTaskList
type QueryTaskListResponse struct {
*responses.BaseResponse
RequestId string `json:"RequestId" xml:"RequestId"`
TotalItemNum int `json:"TotalItemNum" xml:"TotalItemNum"`
CurrentPageNum int `json:"CurrentPageNum" xml:"CurrentPageNum"`
TotalPageNum int `json:"TotalPageNum" xml:"TotalPageNum"`
PageSize int `json:"PageSize" xml:"PageSize"`
PrePage bool `json:"PrePage" xml:"PrePage"`
NextPage bool `json:"NextPage" xml:"NextPage"`
Data DataInQueryTaskList `json:"Data" xml:"Data"`
}
// CreateQueryTaskListRequest creates a request to invoke QueryTaskList API
func CreateQueryTaskListRequest() (request *QueryTaskListRequest) {
request = &QueryTaskListRequest{
RpcRequest: &requests.RpcRequest{},
}
request.InitWithApiInfo("Domain-intl", "2017-12-18", "QueryTaskList", "", "")
return
}
// CreateQueryTaskListResponse creates a response to parse from QueryTaskList response
func CreateQueryTaskListResponse() (response *QueryTaskListResponse) {
response = &QueryTaskListResponse{
BaseResponse: &responses.BaseResponse{},
}
return
}
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0,5m 1/4" (6.4mm) diam. (min-max diam: 3.2-11mm) Stainless look
REFLEX® (RF) Techflex's latest innovation is "REFLEX" reflective expandable cable covering. Reflects light back to its source. Excellent reflective properties in low and minimal light situations. When listeing in darker environments your cable gives a nice 'glow' in the dark. Supplied per 0,5m in lenght! So for 2meters this product much be chosen 4x.
Description
Details
REFLEX® (RF) Techflex's latest innovation is "REFLEX" reflective expandable cable covering. Reflects light back to its source. Excellent reflective properties in low and minimal light situations. When listeing in darker environments your cable gives a nice 'glow' in the dark. Supplied per 0,5m in lenght! So for 2meters this product much be chosen 4x. |
Q:
Once add user control into reference, visual studio turns to no responding?
I test those code independently working fine. Once I write it into user control and add it into application reference, and use it in the WPF, Visual studio turns to "Not Responding". This drives me crazy.
below is the user control code:
namespace ServerUserContorl
{
/// <summary>
/// Interaction logic for UserControl1.xaml
/// </summary>
public partial class UserControl1 : UserControl
{
public Socket server;
public Socket Command_Listening_Socket; //used to listen for connections for exchanging commands between server and mobile
public Socket Interaction_Listening_Socket1;// designed for receiving information from mobile
public Socket Interaction_Listening_Socket2;// designed for sending information to mobile
public Socket Interaction_Receiving_Socket;// receiving
public Socket Interaction_Sending_Socket;// sending
public UserControl1()
{
IPAddress local = IPAddress.Parse("134.129.125.126");
IPEndPoint iepCommand = new IPEndPoint(local, 8080);// IP end point for command listening socket
IPEndPoint iepReceiving = new IPEndPoint(local, 8090);// IP end point for receiving socket
IPEndPoint iepSending = new IPEndPoint(local, 9090);// Ip end point for sending socket
//part for command listening socket connection
server = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
server.Bind(iepCommand);
server.Listen(20);
// part for receiving Socket
Interaction_Listening_Socket1 = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
Interaction_Listening_Socket1.Bind(iepReceiving);
Interaction_Listening_Socket1.Listen(20);
// part for sending Socket
Interaction_Listening_Socket2 = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
Interaction_Listening_Socket2.Bind(iepSending);
Interaction_Listening_Socket2.Listen(20);
while (true)
{
// Here is three blocks for accepting the new client,
// once client connect to the command listening socket,
// pass the command listening socket to the threadService class
// and start a thread for receiving the userID
Command_Listening_Socket = server.Accept();
Interaction_Receiving_Socket = Interaction_Listening_Socket1.Accept();
Interaction_Sending_Socket = Interaction_Listening_Socket2.Accept();
threadService service = new threadService(Command_Listening_Socket,Interaction_Receiving_Socket,Interaction_Sending_Socket);
Thread userCommand = new Thread(service.userCommand);
userCommand.Start();
Debug.WriteLine("thread starts");
}
}
}
}
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Net;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Threading;
namespace ServerUserContorl
{
class CommunicationThread
{
public Socket Interaction_Receiving_Socket, Interaction_Sending_Socket;
public CommunicationThread(Socket receiving, Socket sending)
{
Interaction_Receiving_Socket = receiving;
Interaction_Sending_Socket = sending;
}
// connect with iep2 9090, clientCom1,clientCommunication1
public void sendThread()
{
Debug.WriteLine("In the SendThread method");
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
string greeting = "hello, this is the message from the server.";
bytes = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(greeting);
Debug.WriteLine("the byte is " + bytes);
int i = 0;
while (i < 10)
{
Interaction_Sending_Socket.Send(bytes);
Thread.Sleep(1000);
i++;
}
Debug.WriteLine("send is successful");
// clientCommunication1.Close();
}
//8080
public void receiveThread()
{
int i = 0;
string data = null;
Debug.WriteLine("In the receive method");
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
while ((i = Interaction_Receiving_Socket.Receive(bytes)) != 0)
{
data = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetString(bytes, 0, i);
Debug.WriteLine("receive from the client " + data);
}
//clientCommunication.Close();
}
}
}
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Threading;
namespace ServerUserContorl
{
class threadService
{
public Socket client;
//public Socket clientCommunication;
public string status;
public Socket Interaction_Receiving_Socket, Interaction_Sending_Socket;
public static int connections = 0;
int i = 0;
public threadService(Socket client,Socket receiving, Socket sending)
{
this.client = client;
Interaction_Receiving_Socket = receiving;
Interaction_Sending_Socket = sending;
}
public void userCommand()
{
string data = null;
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
if (client != null)
{
connections++;
}
Debug.WriteLine("new client connects, {0} connections", connections);
while ((i = client.Receive(bytes)) != 0)
{
data = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetString(bytes, 0, i);
status = data;
Debug.WriteLine("receive from client: " + status);
if (status == "1")
{
CommunicationThread communication = new CommunicationThread(Interaction_Receiving_Socket,Interaction_Sending_Socket);
Thread newSendThread = new Thread(communication.sendThread);
newSendThread.Start();
Debug.WriteLine("start the communication thread--status 1");
// CommunicationThread communication = new CommunicationThread();
Thread newReceiveThread = new Thread(communication.receiveThread);
newReceiveThread.Start();
Debug.WriteLine("start the communication thread--status 2");
}
}
}
}
}
In the WFP, I only add it:
xmlns:myControl="clr-namespace:ServerUserContorl;assembly=ServerUserContorl"
<myControl:UserControl1>
A:
Visual Studio's Designer has to call the control's constructor when you add the control, which means the Designer is going into the while(true) loop in the constructor.
First: Do not put an infinite loop in your control's constructor. EVER. If you need something to poll endlessly, that should be handled in your program's main or, better yet, in a separate thread. Until the constructor finishes the control can't be referenced by other objects, so you need to let the constructor finish.
Second: If you have code in your constructor you want the Designer to skip, you can do this:
using System.ComponentModel;
public MyControl()
{
// code that Designer should run
if (LicenseManager.UsageMode == LicenseUsageMode.DesignTime)
return;
// code that Designer should not run
}
|
This blog is a collection of what goes through the mind of a father, a husband, a son, a friend, a lawyer (not your lawyer), and a storyteller, all competing for attention in my head.
The golden rule applies here.
Wednesday, August 02, 2006
Essay Question
Is it wrong to try to foist a government on a people who don't want it? (Note, I am NOT suggesting that this is the case in anything currently going on, I'm posting as a hypothetical.) The president has commented on the importance of spreading democracy in the middle east. My question is, is it more important to spread democracy, or to allow the people to be ruled according to how they wish?
5 comments:
Simple answer to your question is yes and the Dictator for life in the hospital in Cuba is an excellent example. If your asking if what the President is doing in Iraq and trying to form a democratic process then the answer is no. The people of any nation have to want it and the people in Iraq want it for the most part but they don't want it with our troops on the ground in their country. And as long as our troops are on the ground in Iraq it is going to appear to most of the people that the government they have is nothing but a US puppet.
I think to answer the question first one must ask if the people actually want their current form of government. A good example has already been given in using Cuba.
I think it might be presumptuous to jump to the assumption that forms of government are always forced -- it assumes to know the state of mind of the masses. What is forced to one person is necessary aid to another.
Could the people of Iraq exacted change in any other way but by outside intervention? Maybe, but more probably not.
Does spreading democracy entail forcing various ethnic factions who are incompatible with one another to live together inside artificially created borders? If that is the case, no form of government will be workable. |
subtracting the yaw angle profile from the yaw angle estimate to obtain a difference value; and
using the difference value and the yaw momentum estimate to control roll-axis thruster firings to limit spacecraft yaw angle deviations from the yaw angle profile.
2. A method as in claim 1, wherein the yaw angle profile and the yaw angle estimate are both referenced to the orbit plane of the spacecraft.
3. A method as in claim 1, wherein the external roll-axis and yaw-axis torques are obtained from solar torque and thruster firing disturbance models.
4. A method as in claim 1, wherein the desired yaw angle profile is derived from kinematics of pointing the spacecraft at the Earth, while maintaining the spacecraft momentum bias perpendicular to the Earth's equatorial plane in the inclined orbit.
5. A spacecraft comprising a control system for controlling yaw angle deviations from a desired yaw angle profile, comprising:
a profile generator that outputs roll angle, pitch angle, yaw momentum, and yaw angle profiles, the profiles being calculated to meet spacecraft pointing requirements while operating in an inclined orbit;
a node for subtracting the yaw angle profile from the yaw angle estimate to obtain a difference value; and
a controller responsive to the difference value and the yaw momentum estimate for controlling roll-axis thruster firings to limit spacecraft yaw angle deviations from the yaw angle profile.
6. A spacecraft as in claim 5, wherein the yaw angle profile and the yaw angle estimate are both referenced to the orbit plane of the spacecraft.
7. A spacecraft as in claim 5, wherein the external roll-axis and yaw-axis torques are obtained from solar torque and thruster firing disturbance models.
8. A spacecraft as in claim 5, wherein said profile generator derives the desired yaw angle profile from kinematics of pointing the spacecraft at the Earth, while maintaining the spacecraft momentum bias perpendicular to the Earth's equatorial plane in the inclined orbit.
This invention relates generally to spacecraft control methods and apparatus and, in particular, to methods and apparatus for providing spacecraft attitude control for spacecraft operating in inclined orbits.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Inclined orbit operation of a spacecraft can extend the operational life of the spacecraft at the beginning and/or end of life. However, if North/South stationkeeping maneuvers (NSSK) are restricted, the inclination of the orbit will drift over time due to solar and lunar perturbations. This drift in the orbital inclination is undesirable.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of this invention to provide an improved method and apparatus for providing yaw pointing control in a spacecraft having an inclined orbit.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the invention is realized by a method and apparatus in accordance with embodiments of this invention, wherein raw or uncompensated roll-axis sensor measurements and commanded and measured yaw-axis wheel momentum are provided directly to a Long Term Momentum Management (LTMM) observer. Further in accordance with this invention a desired yaw angle profile, with respect to the orbit plane, is generated and provided to the LTMM observer, enabling control of yaw angle deviations from the desired yaw angle profile. The desired yaw angle profile may be derived from kinematics of pointing the spacecraft at the Earth, while maintaining the spacecraft momentum bias perpendicular to the Earth's equatorial plane in an inclined orbit.
A method is disclosed for use in a spacecraft for controlling yaw angle deviations from a desired yaw angle profile. The method includes the steps of: (a) operating a profile generator to output roll angle, pitch angle, yaw momentum, and yaw angle profiles, the profiles being calculated to meet spacecraft pointing requirements while operating in an inclined orbit; (b) inputting to an observer uncompensated roll-axis sensor (e.g., Earth sensor) measurements, commanded and measured yaw-axis wheel momentum storage, measured pitch-axis wheel momentum storage, and external roll-axis and yaw-axis torques, the observer generating a yaw angle estimate and a yaw momentum estimate; (c) subtracting the yaw angle profile from the yaw angle estimate to obtain a difference value; and (d) using the difference value in combination with the yaw momentum estimate to control roll-axis thruster firings to limit spacecraft yaw angle deviations from the yaw angle profile.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention the yaw angle profile and the yaw angle-estimate are both referenced to the orbit plane of the spacecraft, and the external roll-axis and yaw-axis torques are obtained from solar torque and thruster firing disturbance models.
The use of this invention provides a beneficial reduction in yaw-axis pointing errors resulting from solar torques and thruster firings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The above set forth and other features of the invention are made more apparent in the ensuing Detailed Description of the Invention when read in conjunction with the attached Drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a portion of a spacecraft that is constructed and operated in accordance with the teachings of this invention;
FIGS. 2a and 2b show the spacecraft in an inclined orbit relative to the earth;
FIG. 3a shows a plot of spacecraft roll and pitch angles for an exemplary case wherein it is assumed that a yaw axis of the spacecraft points to a location at the equator of the earth;
FIG. 3b shows a plot of spacecraft roll and pitch angles for an exemplary case wherein it is assumed that a RF axis of the spacecraft points to a location at about 40° latitude on the earth;
FIGS. 4a and 4b show curves representing spacecraft momentum wheel momenta values which enable the roll and pitch angles shown in respective FIGS. 3a and 3b to be provided;
FIG. 5a shows another plot of spacecraft roll and pitch angles for an exemplary case wherein it is assumed that the yaw axis of the spacecraft points to a location at the equator of the earth;
FIG. 5b shows another plot of spacecraft roll and pitch angles for an exemplary case wherein it is assumed that the RF axis of the spacecraft points to a location at about 40° latitude on the earth;
FIGS. 6a and 6b show curves representing spacecraft momentum wheel momenta values which enable the roll and pitch angles of respective FIGS. 5a and 5b to be provided;
FIGS. 7a and 7b show curves representing exemplary roll and pitch angle profiles for exemplary cases in which it is assumed that a spacecraft axis is pointing to a location on the earth, as depicted in FIG. 2a;
FIGS. 8a and 8b show curves representing spacecraft momentum wheel momenta values which enable the roll and pitch angles of respective FIGS. 7a and 7b to be provided;
FIGS. 9a and 9b also show curves representing further exemplary spacecraft roll and pitch angle profiles; and
FIGS. 10a and 10b show curves representing spacecraft momentum wheel momenta values which enable the roll and pitch angles of respective FIGS. 9a and 9b to be provided.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a spacecraft 10 in accordance with this invention. The spacecraft 10 includes a profile generator 12 that operates to generate a desired yaw angle profile, with respect to the orbit plane of the spacecraft 10. The spacecraft is assumed, but not required, to be in an inclined geosynchronous orbit, with the inclination angle being in the range of, by example, about 3 degrees to about 10 degrees or larger. The desired yaw angle profile may be derived from kinematics of pointing the spacecraft 10 at the Earth, while maintaining the spacecraft momentum bias perpendicular to the Earth's equatorial plane in the inclined orbit.
The spacecraft 10 further includes a roll/yaw controller 14, an Earth sensor 16 providing a signal ΦES from which an alignment bias signal ΦBIAS subtracted, a pitch controller 18, and a set of momentum wheels 20. The spacecraft further includes a yaw unload control logic block 22, a pitch unload control logic block 24, a P-R scale factors block 26, and a feed forward solar torque generator 28. Connected to outputs of these various blocks is a LTMM observer block 30 that provides outputs to a LTMM controller 32. One of the outputs, the yaw angle estimate, is combined with the yaw profile output from the profile generator 12. The LTMM controller 32 provides an output to a roll unload control logic block 34. The yaw, pitch and roll unload control logic blocks 22, 24 and 34, respectively, each provide an output to a spacecraft thruster control block (not shown).
In accordance with this invention the yaw angle estimated by the LTMM 30 is referenced to the spacecraft orbit plane rather than the Earth equatorial plane, based on uncorrected sensor and actuator data, resulting in reduced estimate error for an inclined orbit. With roll-axis control of yaw-axis pointing, yaw-axis pointing errors are reduced, and roll unload propellant usage is optimized. In addition, pointing profiles can be tailored to meet payload requirements, subject to some constraints, without degrading yaw pointing performance, enabling improved payload pointing.
It is also within the scope of this invention to employ a pitch profile which is used in a similar way as the yaw profile described above.
Reference is now made to FIG. 2a wherein a representation of the satellite 10 in an inclined orbital plane P1 is shown, and wherein the spacecraft 10 is assumed to be at an ascending node within the orbital plane P1 (in the following modelling analysis, an orbit-fixed reference frame is assumed, since spacecraft sensors and gravity gradients are preferably referenced to this frame). It is preferred that the spacecraft 10 has a yaw motion which is substantially sinusoidal, so that there is a positive angle of inclination at the ascending node and a negative angle of inclination at a descending node N1 within the orbital plane P1. A desired roll motion of the spacecraft 10 is substantially sinusoidal, and is 90 degrees out of phase with the yaw motion. The amplitude of this motion is determined as a function of the orbit inclination and orbit radius. Desired profiles are represented by the following equations (1)-(4):
φo =-αsinη (1)
ψo =icosη (2)
η=ω0 (t-t0) (3)
α≈(R0 /RE -1)-1 (4)
where i represents the orbit inclination angle, R0 represents the orbit radius, RE represents the radius of the earth, t0 represents the time of right ascension, ω0 represents the rate at which the satellite 10 orbits the earth, and wherein it is assumed, in accordance with one embodiment of the invention, that the spacecraft 10 follows a substantially circular orbit (in other embodiments, orbits with nonzero eccentricities may be employed, in which case, the profiles represented by equations (1)-(4) are somewhat modified).
Momentum profiles
In order to provide a desired spacecraft motion without changing the angular momentum vector (i.e., unloads), momentum profiles are provided. These profiles, which will be described below, assume that the momentum of the spacecraft 10 is perpendicular to the equatorial plane, are based on the conservation of angular momentum principle, and enable desired attitude profiles to be provided.
It is noted that unless unload deadbands are configured about these momentum profiles, erroneous unloads may occur as the satellite control system maintains roll and pitch attitude by rotating the angular momentum vector. The resulting attitude profile has zero roll and pitch error and a sinusoidal yaw error with an amplitude equal to the inclination angle. Momentum profiles are needed for all three principal spacecraft axes in order to maintain the spacecraft 10 in an ideal inclined orbital attitude. A roll momentum profile has a relatively small amplitude, and the resulting yaw attitude error (roll and pitch are controlled) may be managed with a small number of unloads. There is typically no need for a pitch momentum profile because of the high bandwidth of the pitch loop controller. The profiles set forth below indicate that a 0.08 Nms sinusoidal pitch signature at twice the orbital frequency is observed for inclined orbit operation.
Unloads are generally required to control the attitude of the spacecraft 10 in accordance with the desired profiles, owing to the absence of a roll momentum wheel in one embodiment of the invention. As such, LTMM 30 and unload parameter selections are important, as either roll or yaw unloads may be employed. Preferably, fuel efficient roll unloads are employed as opposed to yaw unloads for providing spacecraft 10 attitude control. It is preferred that the yaw unload deadband be approximately 0.3 Nms to 0.5 Nms so that the number of yaw unloads required is as small as possible. It is also preferred that the roll unload deadband be approximately 0.12 Nms to 0.16 Nms so that the number of thruster firings that are based on the yaw estimate errors be as small as possible. In a simulation which assumed nominal unload parameters (e.g., roll=0.12 Nms, yaw=0.3 Nms), a pitch momentum bias of approximately 52.8 Nms for an L-wheel system mode, and a pitch momentum bias of approximately 82.5 Nms for a V-wheel system mode, it was determined that approximately 20 yaw unloads per day are needed to provide degraded pointing.
Momentum Profiles For Inclined Orbit Operation
The momentum profiles for the inclined orbit system operation will now be described. Assuming that the angular momentum vector is initially perpendicular to the equatorial plane, and has a magnitude of HN, an analysis of torque-free motion of the spacecraft 10 yields the following momentum profiles (equations (5)-(7)), which enable the desired spacecraft motion to be provided:
It is noted that the gravity-gradient torque can add complexity to momentum profile generation. By example, additional terms for the momentum profiles which account for the effects of gravity-gradient torques can be determined based on the following time varying linear differential equation (8): ##EQU1## wherein angular velocity, angular momentum, and torques are defined in the body-fixed frame in accordance with the following equations (9)-(14):
ω.sup.•x =-ωo sinψ.sup.• +φ.sup.• (9)
ω.sup.•y =-ωo cosψ.sup.• cosφ.sup.• +ψ.sup.• sinφ.sup.•(10)
ω.sup.• z =ωo cosψ.sup.• sinφ.sup.• +ψ.sup.• cos φ.sup.•(11)
δTx =3ωo2 (Izz -Iyy)sinφ.sup.• cosφ.sup.• (12)
δTY =O) (13)
δTz =O (14)
Wheel Commands for Inclined Orbits
Spacecraft Pointing in Non-coincident Latitudes
For a general case in which the latitude of the target point on the earth and the latitude of the synchronous, nearly equatorial orbit are not coincident with one another, the required attitude for pointing an RF-boresight axis of the spacecraft 10 to the target point on the earth may be represented by equations (15) and (16): ##EQU2##
The angle γ.sup.• is the elevation angle that the RF-boresight axis makes with the yaw axis about the roll axis of the spacecraft 10, and the angle δaz is the azimuth angle that the RF-boresight axis makes about the pitch axis in order to point to the "target" which is at a different longitude than the spacecraft 10.
The angle δn is composed of δn1, which represents a residual error in the spacecraft 10 in-plane orbital position after orbit control has been provided, and which also represents uncertainties in orbital parameters that affect the in-plane spacecraft 10 position. By example, the angle δn may be represented by the following equation (25): ##EQU3##
A second one of the terms of equation (25) represents a mean longitudinal drift rate of the spacecraft 10 away from stable longitude points, wherein the drift rate causes a westerly drift of a "figure eight" (described below), and where δT represents an error in the orbital period away from the synchronous orbital period. Moreover, a third one of the terms of equation (25) represents the in-plane position error caused by orbit eccentricity error δε. Also, in equations (17)-(19), the term 1/2δi2 represents a longitudinal width (on the earth's surface) due to the inclination error, and, it is noted that a tilt of the "figure eight" is due to the eccentricity error and is equal to 2δε/δi. A lopsidedness of the "figure eight" (i.e., a cross-over point of the "figure eight" occurring above or below the equator) appears when the argument of perigee is not at the ascending or descending nodes. The inclination angle itself causes the symmetric latitude excursion angles above and below the equator and governs the actual "height" of the "figure eight".
It is estimated that the uncertainties in δT and δE are approximately 0.03 sec (10 m uncertainty in semi-major axis) and 0.00002, respectively. These estimates translate to orbital position errors of about 0.006 degrees/month of longitudinal drift, and about 0.002 degrees of sinusoid at the orbital frequency for eccentricity errors. Since associated roll and pitch errors are approximately 1/6 of these values, the δn term may be neglected for the roll and pitch commands.
Commanded Wheel Momentum
Perturbed wheel momenta for small inclination angles are preferably combined with initial nominal angular momenta (for a zero inclination angle) and dictate commanded wheel moments for providing the desired attitudes for spacecraft pointing. By example, initial nominal angular momenta are [0 0 HB -I3 ωo ]. Also, and as is noted in Appendix A below, it is assumed that centered body frame axes [e1, e2, e3 ] of spacecraft 10 correspond to respective "usual" spacecraft axes [-z, +x, -y]. This being the case, it can be said that the total commanded wheel momenta along the spacecraft 10 body principal axes may be represented by the following equations (26)-(28): ##EQU4##
By substituting the desired attitude angles dictated by equations (15)-(24) into equations (26)-(28), momentum wheel commands can be determined. That is, these equations can be used to determine the desired momentum wheel profiles for a set of desired spacecraft pointing attitudes.
In an ideal case wherein the various parameters used to generate the momentum wheel commands accurately represent actual spacecraft dynamics, the usage of such momentum wheel commands for controlling the momentum wheels 20 results in the desired spacecraft attitudes being provided. Otherwise, if the various parameters used to generate the momentum wheel commands do not accurately represent the actual spacecraft dynamics, small errors (e.g., errors as small as 1% in the moments of inertia) can result in there being more significant errors during open loop operation.
A number of exemplary cases wherein wheel momentum profiles are provided will now be described. In the following exemplary cases, moment of inertia properties are assumed to have no errors, and it is assumed that the following parameter values are employed:
a. i=7 degrees
b. RE =6,377 km
c. I1 =12,555 kgm2 (-yaw)
d. I2 =12,182 kgm2 (+roll)
e. I3 =1,794 kgm2 (-pitch)
f. HB =70 nms
g. Ro =42,222 km
First exemplary case
In a first exemplary case, it is assumed that terms δRo, δn and δi2 are negligible. It is also assumed that the spacecraft 10 is to be pointed to a same longitude, and, as a result, λ.sup.• =0 and θ.sup.• =0. In this case the roll and pitch commands δφ and δθ, as determined in accordance with equations (15)-(24) set forth above, may be represented by the following equations (29) and (30): ##EQU5##
In this exemplary case, two sub-cases, namely sub-cases (I) and (II), may be considered. The following assumptions are made for the respective sub-cases (I) and (II).
As is indicated above, in sub-case (I) it is assumed that the spacecraft yaw axis points to the equator and the longitude of the initial nodal crossing (assumed to be the ascending node), and in sub-case (II), it is assumed that the RF boresight axis points to the same longitudinal point but to a latitude of 40°. A primary difference in these two sub-cases is in the magnitude of the roll angles necessary to point the desired axes to the desired point on the earth.
The longitudinal aim point for each of the sub-cases (I) and (II) is at a same longitude as that of the spacecraft 10, and thus the pitch bias is 0° and the RF boresight axis is elevated 6.265°. Plots of the roll and pitch angle profiles for sub-cases (I) and (II) are shown in FIGS. 3a and 3b with only the first order inclination term (i only). Differences between roll angles for sub-cases (I) and (II) are approximately 0.4 degrees, resulting in there being slight differences in the momentum wheel speed ranges required for enabling the desired attitudes for these sub-cases (I) and (II) to be provided. The pitch bias is zero and the pitch profile is essentially a constant at zero. Diagrams showing momentum wheel 20 momenta corresponding to the roll and pitch angles plotted in FIGS. 3a and 3b are shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b, respectively. It is noted that the most active momentum wheel is the yaw momentum wheel, which oscillates between about ±8.5 nms.
For a case wherein V-wheel control is employed, no wheel momentum storage capability along the roll axis (e2) is provided. Hence, from equation (27), the stored wheel momentum is zero. Also, being that roll is controlled in this type of system, the yaw angle assumes values that are dictated by equation (27) being set equal to zero. By example, this results in the following equation (31) being provided. ##EQU6##
Since HB is much greater than I2 ωo, and the absolute value of K is no greater than unity, equation (31a) can be rewritten as the following equation (32): ##EQU7##
Generally, the yaw motion for small inclinations is established at the initialization of the orbital and attitude conditions. The initial yaw angle (at the ascending node) is preferably chosen so as to be equal to the inclination angle, so that the yaw angle ideally becomes equal to a product of the inclination angle and cos(ωo t). By subtracting this ideal yaw angle from equation (32), the following equation (33) which represents yaw angle error is provided: ##EQU8##
For the sub-case (I), the amplitude of this yaw angle error is approximately 0.102 deg. Although yaw is not under direct control, the yaw angle error may be removed by providing an initial yaw angle which is less than the inclination angle by the amount of the yaw angle error. Under ideal yaw angle conditions, the commanded pitch displacement is zero.
Second exemplary case: Non-coincident longitudes
If the aim point for the spacecraft 10 is not at the same longitude as that of the spacecraft 10 at its ascending node crossing, some pitch motion is introduced. Again, only the first order inclination angle term is used.
Curves representing exemplary roll and pitch angles are shown in FIGS. 5a and 5b for exemplary cases in which it is assumed that the aim point is 15 degrees east so that the pitch bias is about 2.62° for yaw axis pointing and about 1.931° for RF boresight axis pointing, respectively. Also, it is assumed that the elevation angle for the RF boresight axis is approximately 6.234°. This results in approximately a 2.62 degree pitch bias for equatorial pointing and approximately a 1.931 degree bias for 40 degree latitude pointing. In the latter case, the pitch profile is a sinusoid having the orbital frequency and an amplitude of approximately 0.254 degrees. It should be noted that it is not the "figure eight" that necessitates tile pitch motion. Rather, it is the necessity for keeping the RF boresight axis on the desired earth target which results in an angular rate about an axis perpendicular to an imaginary line "connecting" the spacecraft 10 and the target on the earth. When projected onto the orbit normal, this angular rate makes it necessary for the pitch rate to vary slightly as the spacecraft 10 travels around the orbit. Diagrams showing momentum wheel 20 momenta corresponding to the roll and pitch angles values plotted in FIGS. 5a and 5b are shown in FIGS. 6a and 6b, respectively. The amplitudes of these curves of FIGS. 6a and 6b are somewhat less than amplitudes of the curves shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b, respectively.
Third exemplary case: Higher Order Case
The inclusion of the term δi2 in the above equations (17)-(19) for a higher order case contributes to a slightly higher roll angle profile relative to those of the previously described exemplary cases. By example, FIGS. 7a and 7b show curves representing exemplary roll and pitch angles (profiles) for exemplary cases in which it is assumed that the spacecraft has an aim point similar to that depicted in FIG. 2a. However, in this exemplary case, the higher order inclination term δi2 is included in the computations. Diagrams showing momentum wheel 20 momenta corresponding to the roll and pitch angles values plotted in FIGS. 7a and 7b are shown in FIGS. 8a and 8b, respectively.
One noticeable difference between the profiles for the third exemplary case and those for the first and second exemplary cases described above is in the pitch angle profiles. More particularly, and as can be seen in FIGS. 7a and 7b, the pitch angle profile for the third exemplary case includes a sinusoid having twice the orbital frequency as the orbital frequency of the pitch angle profiles for the first two exemplary cases, owing to the inclination squared term δi2 included in the computations for the third exemplary case. Also, as can be seen in FIG. 7b, the pointing of the RP boresight axis requires a pitch angle profile having an amplitude of about 0.275° and an orbital frequency that is twice that of the pitch angle profiles for the previously described exemplary cases.
FIGS. 9a and 9b show curves representing exemplary roll and pitch angles profiles for exemplary cases in which it is assumed that the spacecraft aim point changes to a longitudinal point approximately 15° east. In this case the pitch bias is approximately 1.931° and the RF boresight axis is elevated approximately 6.234°. Also, it is noted that the pitch angle profile for this case has an amplitude of about 0.521°, and is characterized by the sum of two sinusoids, one having the orbital frequency and the other having twice the orbital frequency. Diagrams showing momentum wheel 20 momenta curves corresponding to the roll and pitch angles profiles shown in FIGS. 9a and 9b are shown in FIGS. 10a and 10b, respectively. Having described the angle and momentum profiles for the various exemplary cases described above, it is noted that for each of these exemplary cases, the primary momentum wheel 20 motion is about the spacecraft yaw axis, which is oscillatory at the orbital rate with an amplitude of about 8.5 nms. For a V-wheel system, no roll momentum wheel is preferably employed so that a yaw angle on the order of 0.1° is introduced. Also, the pitch momentum is biased to a desired level (in this case about 70 nms) with a small oscillatory profile. The momentum profiles generated in accordance with this invention enable the spacecraft 10 to maintain a desired pointing attitude in an open loop fashion. Also, it is noted that for a case in which it is necessary to point the RF boresight axis at some point away from the local longitude, the yaw angle may be measured periodically, and the yaw motion can be appropriately bounded as needed based on these measurements.
It is further noted that the difference in the RF boresight elevation angles between approximately 0° longitude and approximately 15° longitude is about 0.031° (e.g., 6.265°-6.234°=0.0310°). As such, if the spacecraft boresight axis for each aim point (or each spacecraft station) is not changed accordingly, a corresponding pointing error may result which is of a magnitude that is equal to about 0.031°, and which may cause the boresight axis to miss the desired aim point on the earth by approximately 22.8 km.
It is also further noted that in the above-described computations, spacecraft nodal regression effects can be accounted for by adding to the longitude of the ground aim point an amount that is equal to an integral of the spacecraft nodal regression rate.
Equations describing the attitude and the corresponding required angular momenta of the spacecraft 10 for pointing a fixed spacecraft axis to a desired location on the surface of the earth will now be described in greater detail. Wheel angular momentum excursions (wheel speed excursions) can be determined based on these equations, and enable momentum wheel speeds to be determined which enable the desired spacecraft pointing profile to be provided. In the following description, no wheel excursions which result from unloads (desaturation limits) are described.
Reference is now made to FIG. 2b which depicts the spacecraft 10 in the inclined orbit relative to the earth. It is assumed that the spacecraft 10 follows a substantially circular orbit, as was previously described, and that some fixed spacecraft axis (e.g., an RF antenna boresight axis) is pointing towards a particular location L1 on the surface of the earth, as shown in FIG. 2b.
The following vectors can be defined based on the depiction of the spacecraft 10 and the earth shown in FIG. 2b. For example, a vector extending between a center point of the earth and location L1 on the surface of the earth is represented by the following equation (34):
RE =RE G1 =RE [CαC(λ+Ω)E1 +CαS(λ+Ω)E2 +SαE3 ] (34)
wherein it is again noted that the earth's radius R1 is approximately equal to 6377 km.
Also by example, a vector extending between the center point of the earth and the spacecraft 10 is represented by the following equation (35):
Ro =Ro F1 (35)
wherein Ro represents the orbital radius, and is approximately equal to 42,222 km.
Also, the RF boresight axis is along the -n1 vector, where n1 is represented by the following equation (36):
n1 =(CεCγ)e1 +(Sε)e2 -(CεSγ)e3 (36)
wherein ε is typically equal to zero.
A further equation (37) defines a variable ρ, which represents a distance between the location L1 on the earth and the spacecraft 10 along the RF boresight axis. This equation (37) is defined as follows:
ρ=ρη1 (37)
Programmed Attitudes
Based on the geometry represented in FIG. 2b, a vectorial relationship defined by the following equation (38) can be provided.
ρ=Ro -RE (38)
By transforming this vectorial relationship to the orbit frame, the following formula (39) can be provided: ##EQU9##
An expansion of this formula (39) provides the following additional formulas (40a)-(40c):
A1 ρ=RHS1 (40a)
A2 ρ=RHS2 (40b)
A3 ρ=RHS3 (40c)
wherein:
A1 =[CφCθCγ-(SφSψ+CψSφCθ)Sγ](41a)
A2 =[-CφSθCγ-(CθSψ-CψSφSθ)Sγ](41b)
A3 =[-SφCγ-CγCφSγ] (41c)
and wherein RHS1, RHS2, and RHS3 are defined in accordance with the following formulas (42a)-(42c):
RHS1 =Ro -RE x (42a)
RHS2 =-RE y (42b)
RHS3 =-RE z (42c)
In formulas (42a)-(42c), the variables x, y and z are defined in accordance with the following additional formulas (43a)-(43c):
x=[CηCαC(λ+Ω)+SηCiCαS(λ+Ω)+S.eta.SiSα] (43a)
y=[-SηCαC(λ+Ω)+CηCiCαS(λ+Ω)+CηSiSα] (43b)
z=[-SiCαS(λ+Ω)+CiSα] (43c)
Being that the following relationships (44a) and (44b) are true, it can be said that the distance from the location L1 on the surface of the earth to the spacecraft 10 is represented by the equation (45) set forth below. ##EQU10##
Preferably, and as is generally assumed in this description, the target (located at location L1) to be tracked by the spacecraft 10 lies on substantially the same subsatellite point at each nodal crossing (λ=0), and the spacecraft's orbit rate is substantially equal to the earth's rotation rate (i.e., dn /dt=dΩ/dt). To determine the spacecraft attitude required to maintain the RF boresight axis pointing towards the target, it is required to solve equations (40a)-(40c) for φ, θ, and ψ. The manner in which these equations are solved will now be described for various examplary cases.
Pointing Yaw axis to the target on the earth (y=0)
For an exemplary case wherein it is desired that the yaw axis of the spacecraft 10 be pointed towards the target located at location L1 on the earth, equations (40a)-(40c) can be rewritten as the following equations (46a)-(46c):
CφCηρ=RHS1 (46a)
-CφSηρ=RHS2 (46b)
-Sφ=RHS3 (46c)
These equations can be further reduced to the following relationships (47a) and (47b):
tanθ=-RHS2 /RHS3 (47a)
sinφ=-RHS3 /ρ (47b)
Obviously, ψ can assume any value and the yaw axis will still point to the desired point on the earth's surface.
Pointing Yaw axis to the equator
For an exemplary case wherein it is desired that the yaw axis of the spacecraft 10 be pointed towards a target that is located at the equator of the earth, y=0, variable α from equations (46a)-(46c) becomes equal to zero, and the equations (46a)-(46c) can be reduced to the following equations (48a) and (48b): ##EQU11##
If the yaw axis is to point to λ=0 (subsatellit point at nodal crossings) and if the orbit is a synchronous, equatorial orbit, then i=0, n =Ω, and φ and θ are each equal to zero. For small inclination angles, the following further equations (49a) and (49b) are provided. ##EQU12##
These equations (49a) and (49b) describe a "figure eight" about the nodal crossing. Effects of other perturbations, such as orbit eccentricities, radial distance errors, etc., may also be accounted for by introducing term δn, as was previously described. If nodal regression effects are accounted for, appropriate terms may be introduced into Equation (39).
Pointing RF axis with Yaw constrained to zero
For an exemplary case wherein it is desired that the RF boresight axis of the spacecraft 10 be pointed towards any desired location on the earth's surface, it can be assumed that yaw is equal to zero. As a result, equations (40a)-(40c) can be reduced to the following equations (50a)-(50c):
CθC(φ+γ)ρ=RHS1 (50a)
-SθC(φ+γ)ρ=RHS2 (50b)
-S(φ+γ)ρ=RHS3 (50c)
These equations may also be manipulated to provide the following relationships (51a) and (51b): ##EQU13##
Pointing RF axis from small inclinations
In a general case, pointing to any point on the earth's surface is solved most easily by assuming small perturbations from an equatorial, synchronous orbit where the RF boresight axis is pointing nominally at a latitude of α.sup.• and longitude of λ=0 (i.e., the exact subsatellite point at the nodal crossing). Thus, nominal solutions for equations (40a)-(40c), wherein i.sup.• λ.sup.• =0, n.sup.• =Ω.sup.•, α.sup.• =a selected latitude, and φ.sup.• =θ.sup.• =ψ.sup.• =0, may be represented as follows:
Cγ.sup.• ρ.sup.• =R.sup.•o -RE x.sup.•
-Sγ.sup.• ρ.sup.• =-RE z.sup.•
x.sup.• =Cα.sup.•
y.sup.• =0
Z.sup.• =Sα.sup.• (52)
Solving for y.sup.•, the following relationship (53) is provided. ##EQU14##
Perturbations (including 2nd order terms in inclination) of (40a-40c) for small inclinations about the nominals are derived in Appendix B below, providing the following results: ##EQU15##
Programmed Wheels (along spacecraft axes)
The angular momentum of the spacecraft 10 and momentum wheels 20 is given as:
H=Iω+h (55)
wherein
I=spacecraft inertia matrix;
ω=spacecraft angular velocity; and
h=angular momenta of momentum wheels 20.
By solving for the wheel angular momentum in the spacecraft body coordinates, the following relationship (56) is provided:
hTF2e TE2F H-Iω (56)
The nominal solutions (for pointing of the z-axis to the equator) are represented by:
h.sup.•1 =0
h.sup.•2 =0
h.sup.•3 HB -I3 ω0 (57)
and the perturbations about this nominal are represented by the following relationship: ##EQU16##
Hence, the total programmed wheel angular momenta are the sums of the wheel angular momenta expressed in equations (57) and (58). The programmed attitude motions are mostly affected by small changes in inclination, and thus the following expressions may be provided: ##EQU17## As was previously described, the spacecraft body axes correspond to "usual" spacecraft axes, as is defined in accordance with the following relationship:
[e1, e2, e3 ]=[-z, x, -y](60)
Programmed Wheels (V-wheel system)
In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, the spacecraft 10 has a V-wheel system that is comprised of three wheels, including two momentum wheels in the y-z plane placed symmetrically about the y-axis of the spacecraft 10, and one reaction wheel along the z-axis of the spacecraft 10. For the purposes of this description, it is assumed that the momentum of the individual momentum wheels is represented by hm1 and hm2, and that the momentum of the reaction wheel is represented by (hr). Accordingly, the following momentum relationships may be provided for the spacecraft 10 operating in the V-Mode (i.e., having a V-wheel system):
hy =(hm1+hm2)cosν
hz =(hm1-hm2)sinν (61)
By solving for hm1 and hm2, the following equations may be provided. ##EQU18##
By substituting values for the angular momenta required along the spacecraft axes into these expressions, the angular momenta to be programmed along the V-mode wheels may be determined.
In accordance with an embodiment of the invention wherein the spacecraft 10 has an L-wheel system (operates in an L-mode) with one momentum wheel failed, the following formulas are provided:
hy =hmi cosν
hz =hr±hmi sinν i=1,2 (63)
Also, by solving these formulas for both hm1 and hr, the following expression (64) may be provided: ##EQU19##
By substituting values for the angular momenta required along the spacecraft axes into these expressions, the angular momenta to be programmed along the L-mode wheels may be determined.
While the present invention has been particularly described with respect to a preferred sequences of process steps and apparatus elements in the preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood that the invention is not limited to only these particular methods and apparatus described in the preferred embodiments, nor to the particular process steps, sequences of process steps, or the various structures depicted in the drawings. On the contrary, the teachings of this invention are intended to cover all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention defined by the appended claims. In particular, the scope of the invention is intended to include, for example, variations of and alternatives to the disclosed devices and methods for achieving control of spacecraft yaw angle. In addition, other methods and/or devices may be employed to practice the methods, apparatus and system of the instant invention, as claimed, with similar results.
Having described various aspects of this invention in detail, the following Appendices A and B are provided for reference.
Appendix A
Coordinate Frames
Earth Centered Inertial Frame (Non-rotating earth)
(E1 E2 E3) (A1)
Orbit Frame Centered at Spacecraft Center of Gravity
(F1 F2 F3) (A2)
wherein -F1 points from the spacecraft 10 to the earth.
Target Frame Centered at the Earth's Center
(G1 G2 G3) (A3)
wherein G1 points to a point on the surface of the earth.
Spacecraft Centered Body Frame
(e1 e2 e3) (A4)
It is noted that the relationships e1 =-z, e2 =+x, and e3 =-y, relate the e-frame to the "usual" spacecraft body frame.
RF Boresight Axis
(n1 nn2 n3) (A5)
wherein -n1 points along the RF boresight axis.
Coordinate Transformations
Inertial to Orbit ##EQU20##
Inertial to Target ##EQU21##
Body to RF Boresight Frame ##EQU22##
Appendix B
From equations (40a)-(40c), (41a)-(41c), (43a)-(43c) described above, perturbations about the nominals i.sup.• =λ.sup.• =φ.sup.• =θ.sup.• =ψ.sup.• =0, n.sup.• =Ω.sup.•, are defined in accordance with the following expressions (B1):
A.sup.•1 δρ+ρ.sup.• A1 δRo -RE δx (B1)
A.sup.•2 δρ+ρ.sup.• δA2 =-RE δy (B2)
A.sup.•3 δρ+ρ.sup.• δA3 =-RE δz (B3)
wherein: ##EQU23##
By solving for δρ in the equations (B1) and (B3) and multiplying the solutions by ρ.sup.•, the following equation (B5) is provided. |
Tofeegka Jabaar from Hanover Park has lost three of her children in gang-related violence. Last month, one of her twin sons was shot dead. “He was shot in the chest. A suspect was arrested a few weeks after, but was released again. I am sick and tired of this. I have no faith in police. I have been failed time and time again,” she said.
Jabaar joined about 20 other women who braved the rain and cold to march from the Grand Parade in Cape Town’s CBD to Parliament on Tuesday to raise awareness about the ongoing killing of young men in Cape Flats gang violence.
The women belong to the Alcardo Andrews Foundation (AAF) which was started to provide support for mothers in Cape Town who have lost their sons in gang violence. They believe that the government and police have not done enough to curb gang violence.
Jabaar told GroundUp that her loss began ten years ago when her daughter was hit by a stray bullet during gang crossfire. “Till this day no one has been arrested,” she said. Four years later, another daughter disappeared. “The suspect who was the last one seen with her is still on the loose,” she said.
AAF founder Avril Andrews says she started the foundation after her son was murdered when he chased someone who had robbed their neighbour in October 2015. “We started with a support group. It is about moms who can’t get closure because [our children’s] cases are not being dealt with properly,” she said.
“There are cases that are withdrawn, cases where dockets are thrown out. We are not happy with that. We want women out there to know what [we] are going through … The problem is mainly gang violence,” said Andrews.
On Tuesday, the group held up placards saying: “Children are killed daily” while others held posters with photographs of their murdered sons.
Lesley Wyngaard, who lives in Southfield, said her son was murdered while with friends in Mitchells Plain in November 2015. “He was shot in the back of his head. He died 20 minutes later after the bullet went right through his head and penetrated his brain,” she said.
Mary Claasen, from Hanover Park said that she would caution people against moving into Hanover Park because of its high crime rate. “Gang violence has become a norm. Even when you see a body on the street, it’s not a big deal and once the body is taken away, that person is long forgotten. It is gun shots every day, robberies, break-ins, car theft, drugs, prostitution, that is Hanover Park,” she said.
Claasen’s son was killed in January 2013 after he was shot 13 times just two doors away from his home. “A man was arrested for the murder and is currently serving life, but I still do not know what happened and why he was killed. My son was not a gangster but he was friends with a lot of boys in the area.”
After the march, the group had a memorandum for the South African Police Service and another for the Western Cape Justice Department. However, none of the representatives were present. Some of the main points in the memorandums called for: explanations of court proceedings; no withdrawal of murder cases or bail to alleged perpetrators; a functional victim support unit or trauma room; monthly progress meetings; misplaced or lost dockets be retrieved and duplicated with detailed feedback provided to families. |
Introduction {#s1}
============
As one of the most deadly and the second most common cancers throughout the world, hepatoma cancer is estimated to claim 750,000 lives every year worldwide, 51% of which occur in China ([@B27]). Although the diagnostics and therapy of hepatoma cancer have been developed, many challenges remain to be tackled collaboratively.
RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising technique with great opportunity to cure cancer due to its revolutionary therapeutic strategy and high specificity ([@B21]). The invention of RNAi has brought promises for gene therapy of cancer by using small interfering RNA (siRNA), which selectively silences specific targets ([@B25]). In the past few years, RNAi-based cancer gene therapy has been extensively explored ([@B18]; [@B20]; [@B8]; [@B17]). However, the safe and efficient delivery carrier are critical barriers for successful RNAi gene delivery and therapy. The naked siRNA is subjected to degradation by RNase. What's more, free siRNA is unable to penetrate the cell membrane due to its negatively charged nature ([@B30]). To address these issues, the researchers developed a great deal of carriers to delivery siRNA into cytoplasm ([@B18]; [@B26]; [@B5]; [@B16]; [@B6]; [@B28]). The viral vectors possessed high transfection efficiency, as well as low production, high cost, and potential biosafety issues ([@B22]). Recently, nonviral carriers, especially cationic polymers, have drawn attentions due to many advantages comparing with viral vectors, including improved safety, low immune responses, and stimuli-responsive functionality ([@B30]; [@B34]).
Besides RNase-induced degradation, lysosomal degradation is another issue hampering the effective delivery of siRNA into cytosol. It was known that endocytosis is followed by the fusion of siRNA-complexed nanocarriers with the early, mildly acidic endosomes, which transform into late endosomes. Lysosomes are the final organelles involved in the endosomal degradation pathway, in which nucleic acids and proteins are hydrolyzed. ([@B23]; [@B2]) This implied that nanocarriers should be designed with the ability of endosomal escape to release siRNA before subcellular degradation. It has been found that the pH value is decreasing from endosome to lysosome after endocytosis. Typically, the pH of lysosomes is about 4 to 5, and that of late endosomes is near 5 ([@B24]). Therefore, the pH decrease in endosomal pathway should be considered in materials design for siRNA delivery. The acidity of the tumor extracellular fluid was used as a trigger to generate positive charges ([@B32]) or expose the targeting groups ([@B15]) on the nanoparticle surface to promote endocytosis for fast cellular uptake. The pH decrease of endosomes could induce nanoparticles to regenerate positive charges and disrupt the endosomal membrane for nanoparticle escape ([@B32]). In addition, polymers with amino groups could disrupt acidifying endosomes via the "proton sponge" effect ([@B9]) and release siRNA into cytoplasm.
The growth of tumor was sustained by oxygen and nutrition supplied from angiogenetic blood vessels ([@B1]). Angiogenesis was a feature of aggressive tumors, which was regulated by stimulators and inhibitors of the proliferation, migration, and invasion of endothelial cells ([@B19]). Various growth factors could induce angiogenesis, such as interleukin 8 (IL-8), vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor β, and tumor necrosis factor α ([@B7]). IL-8 was secreted by various stromal cells (e.g., endothelial cells and fibroblasts) and cancer cells (e.g., hepatoma, melanoma, prostate cancer, and endometrial cancer). IL-8 also modulated the survival and proliferation of tumor cells of hepatoma, prostate, mammary, and gastric cancers ([@B3]). In addition, increasing of IL-8 levels was believed to promote the metastasis of cancer cells as well ([@B4]). It was reported that the IL-8 levels in serum of patients contracting hepatoma cancer upregulated the level of IL-8 ([@B29]). Therefore, the instrumental role of IL-8 in tumor aggression implied that blocking its expression could be an efficient mean of treatment.
The fluorescent quantum dots (QDs) have unique optical features such as high resistance to photobleaching, size-tunable fluorescent peaks, and a broad excitation profile with narrow emission spectra ([@B31]). The exceptional optical properties of QDs make them useful for real-time monitoring of the siRNA delivery process*in situ*. The cationic micelles are particularly appealing because they have the potential to simultaneously deliver siRNA and hydrophobic QDs.
In this study, the copolymer constructed with pH-responsive poly 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (PDEM) and biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) was used as nanocarriers to effectively delivery siRNA into SK-Hep1 cells for gene silencing of IL-8 (as shown in [**Scheme 1A**](#f10){ref-type="fig"}). The delivery efficacy of nanocarriers was comparable to that of the commercially available Lipofectamine, and the expression of IL-8 is successfully suppressed. The cytotoxicity study further revealed that the nanocarriers were noncytotoxic. QDs were encapsulated in nanocarriers, which codelivered the QDs and siRNA. This work may help to establish pH-responsive micelle for siRNA delivery and imaging, which would be a useful nanoplatform for extensive future studies in liver cancer therapy.
{#f10}
Materials and Methods {#s2}
=====================
Materials {#s2_1}
---------
1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), 4-cyanopentanoic acid dithiobenzoate (CPAD), azodiisobutyronitrile (AIBN), and PCL-OH (*M* ~n~ = 5000, polydispersity \[PDI\] = 1.1) were purchased from Sigma and used as received. 2-(Dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DEM, Sigma) was purified by passing through a basic alumina column before use. The tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dichloromethane were dried by refluxing over sodium wire and CaH~2~, respectively, and distilled prior to use. CdSSe/ZnS QDs (5 mg ml^−1^ in toluene solution) were purchased from Najingtech Company.
Dulbecco modified eagle medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), trypsin, penicillin, and streptomycin were purchased from Gibco. IL-8 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit and MTS were purchased from Invitrogen. IL-8 siRNA^FAM^ (sense: 5′-FAM- GGAUUUUCCUAGAUAUUGCdTdT-3′; antisense: 5′- GCAAUAUCUAGGAAAAUCCdTdT-3′) was purchased from Genepharma Company, China.
Synthesis and Characterization of Stimuli-Responsive Polymer {#s2_2}
------------------------------------------------------------
The stimuli-responsive copolymers PCL-PDEM were synthesized by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization ([**Scheme 1B**](#f10){ref-type="fig"}). First, the chain transfer agent was grafted onto the end of PCL with an *M* ~n~ = 6,318 Da and PDI = 1.16. EDC (0.72 g, 3.6 mmol) and DMAP (0.14 g, 1.2 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane (10 ml) and added into a 100-ml round-bottomed flask equipped with a magnetic stirring bar. CPAD (0.27 g, 0.99 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (5 ml) and added to the above mixture in portions. The solution was stirred moderately for 15 min, after which PCL-OH (2.25, 0.45 mmol), dissolved in dichloromethane (10 ml), was added dropwise. After stirring at room temperature for 3 days, the reaction mixture was precipitated into excess cold diethyl ether three times. The pink-colored PCL-CPAD was obtained and dried in vacuum for 24 h. ^1^H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl~3~, δ): 7.9 to 7.4 (Ar*H* in CPAD end group), 4.1 (-C*H* ~2~COO-), 3.6 (-C*H* ~2~OCO-), 1.9 to 2.3 (-C*H* ~2~-), and 2.6 (-C*H* ~3~ in CPAD end group). A typical copolymerization was performed as follows. A 20-ml glass ampule was charged with AIBN (3.2 mg, 0.02 mmol), PCL-CPAD (0.58 g, 0.088 mmol), DEM (0.70 g, 4.4 mmol), THF (10 ml), and a magnetic stirring bar. The ampule was flame sealed under vacuum after three freeze-thaw cycles and placed in a thermo-stated oil bath at 70°C for 24 h. After the polymerization, the ampule was immersed in liquid nitrogen to quench the polymerization, and the polymer (PCL-PDEM) was isolated by precipitation in diethyl ether. The precipitation was repeated three times, and the product was dried in vacuum at room temperature overnight (yield: 99%). ^1^H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl~3~, δ): 4.1 (-C*H* ~2~COO-), 3.6(-C*H* ~2~OCO-), 1.8 (-N*H* ~2~), 2.5 (-NC*H* ~3~), 1.0 (-C*H* ~3~), and 1.25 (-C*H* ~2~). The molecular weight of polymer was analyzed to be 17,195 Da and the PDI to be 1.66 via gel permeation chromatography (GPC) (Alliance e2695; Waters, Singapore). The chemical structure of the PCL-PDEM is shown in [**Scheme 1**](#f10){ref-type="fig"}.
Preparation and Characterization of Nanoplex {#s2_3}
--------------------------------------------
Five milligrams PCL-PDEM and 0.5 mg QDs were dissolved in 0.5 ml THF. The solution was added dropwise into 5 ml 0.01 M phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) buffer solution (pH 7.4). After stirring at room temperature for 24 h, the micelle solution (PCL-PDEM/QDs) was obtained. The hydrodynamic sizes and the zeta potentials of micelles were determined at 25°C by Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instruments). The fluorescence spectra of CdSSe/ZnS QDs were determined by a spectrophotometer (F-4600; Hitachi, Japan). The morphology images of the particles were obtained with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) (Tecnai G2 F20 S-TWIN; FEI, USA) operating at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV at room temperature. The resulting complexes were electrophoresed on a 1.2% agarose gel at 100 V for 10 to 15 min using GelRed as nucleic acid dyes. Subsequently, the gel was observed and imaged under a UV transilluminator (Bio-Rad).
The SiRNA Release From Nanoplex {#s2_4}
-------------------------------
The siRNA release studies were carried out in PBS (pH 7.4, 10 mM) and 37°C using a dialysis tube (MWCO 100000) in the presence of poly(aspartic acid) as model polyanion. The PCL-PDEM/siRNA nanoplexes with P/N = 0.1 (siRNA concentration was 4.4 µM, and micelle concentration was 0.55 mg/ml) were prepared. To acquire sink conditions, the siRNA release studies were performed with 0.8 ml of nanoplexes solution dialysis against 5.0 ml of the same media. According to the molar ratio of aspartic residue to siRNA phosphate of 10, 0.2 ml poly(aspartic acid) solution (0.80 mg/ml) was added. At desired time intervals, 10 µl of release media was taken out and replenished with an equal volume of fresh media. The relative amount of siRNA released was determined by using agarose gel electrophoresis.
Cell Culture and Cytotoxicity Assay {#s2_5}
-----------------------------------
The human liver cancer cells SK-Hep1 were obtained from American Type Culture Collection and maintained in DMEM. The culture mediums were supplemented with 10% FBS, penicillin (100 U), and streptomycin (100 U). Cells were kept at 37°C in a humidified incubator with 5% CO~2~. Cell viability was measured by the MTS (Promega) assay. Cells were seeded in 96-well plates (5 × 10^3^ cells/well) and incubated with different concentrations of PCL-PDEM/QDs solutions for 48 h. MTS solution in PBS buffer was added into the cells, and the cells were incubated for 4 h at 37°C with 5% CO~2~. The cells were gently shaken for 5 min, and the absorbance was measured with a microplate reader (Epoch; Bio-Tek, USA) at a wavelength of 490 nm. The cell viability was calculated by normalizing the absorbance of the treated well against that of the control well. The cell viability was expressed as a percentage, assigning the viability of control cells as 100%.
Transfection {#s2_6}
------------
The siRNA with FAM probe were used for laser scanning confocal imaging analysis and flow cytometry assay. Cells were planted onto 12-well plates in medium without antibiotics to give 30% to 50% density. For siRNA loading, according to the P/N of PCL-PDEM-siRNA at 0.1, PCL-PDEM/QDs particle (1 mg ml^−1^ PCL-PDEM, 10 µl) was mixed with siRNA (10 µM, 8 µl) with gentle vortexing, and the mixture was left undisturbed for 30 min. Before transfection, the culture medium was replaced by fresh medium without FBS, and the previously mentioned PCL-PDEM-siRNA/QDs mixture was then added to the medium with a final volume of 1 ml (10 μg ml^−1^ PCL-PDEM and 0.08 µM siRNA). In a parallel experiment, Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen), a frequently reported commercial transfection reagent, was used as positive control. The transfection efficiency was observed at 4 h posttransfection by imaging and flow cytometry.
Imaging {#s2_7}
-------
After being transfected for 4 h, the fluorescence images of treated cells were obtained using a laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) (TCS SP5, DEU; Leica). The FAM signals from siRNA were utilized to localize the siRNA. Before imaging, the culture media were removed, and cells were washed with PBS twice, fixed with formaldehyde (2%) for 10 min. Then the formaldehyde solution was removed, and the nuclei were stained with DAPI (Sigma) for 5 min.
Flow Cytometry {#s2_8}
--------------
For the flow cytometry assays, cells were washed twice with PBS solution and harvested by trypsin. The FAM signals from siRNA were utilized to determine the transfection efficiency quantitatively. After trypsinization, the cells were resuspended in 500 µl PBS solutions and analyzed immediately by a flow cytometry machine (FACSAria II; BD, USA).
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay {#s2_9}
---------------------------------
The cell culture and siRNA transfection were performed as described above. After transfection for 48 h, the supernatant of culture media was collected. The content of IL-8 in supernatant was determined according to the instructions of IL-8 ELISA kit.
Statistical Analysis {#s2_10}
--------------------
All data are presented as mean ± SD. The results were compared by analysis of variance. All statistical calculations were performed with the SPSS 11.0 software package. A *p* value less than 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant difference.
Results and Discussion {#s3}
======================
The Synthesis of Polymer {#s3_1}
------------------------
The stimuli-responsive copolymers PCL-PDEM were synthesized by RAFT polymerization of DEM using PCL-CAPD as macro RAFT agent. [**Figure 1**](#f1){ref-type="fig"} shows the molecular information. There was a set of signals atδ7.4 to 7.9 and 2.4 to 2.6, which were assignable to CAPD that appeared in ^1^H NMR of PCL-CAPD ([**Figure 1A**](#f1){ref-type="fig"}), indicating that the RAFT agent CAPD grafted on to PCL chains with *M* ~n~ = 6318. The ^1^H NMR ([**Figure 1B**](#f1){ref-type="fig"}) displayed clear peaks characteristic of both PDEM and PCL blocks. There were the new amino peaks of 1.80 (-NCH~2~) and 2.55 (-NCH~3~) that appeared in ^1^H NMR of PCL-PDEM. The GPC curves showed a single peak, indicating that the polymer was a block polymer with PDI = 1.66 and *M* ~n~ = 17,195, rather than the mixture of PCL and PDEM. The molecular weight of PDEM block obtained from these of PCL and PCL-PDEM was 10877. These peaks indicated that PDEM had been successfully grafted onto PCL chains, which had potential to be used to prepare micelle as gene carriers.
{#f1}
The Characterization of Nanoparticles {#s3_2}
-------------------------------------
The morphology and diameter of prepared micelles were systematically characterized. [**Figure 2**](#f2){ref-type="fig"} was the TEM images and particle size distributions of PCL-PDEM micelles and PCL-PDEM/QDs, respectively. The micelles had spherical structure with a particle size of about 75 ± 7 nm. The particle size of micelle increased slightly after encapsulating QDs, around 83 ± 3 nm. To assess the stability of the PCL-PDEM/QDs nanoplexes in endosome environments, the particle size of the nanoplexes was monitored in a PBS buffer (pH 5.5, 10 mM). As shown in [**Figure 2E**](#f2){ref-type="fig"}, the size of the PCL-PDEM/QDs nanoplexes did not change during 3 days of incubation in 37°C. This result indicated that the PCL-PDEM/QDs nanoplexes had great colloidal stability in physiological endosome environments.
{#f2}
The QDs used in this work were CdSSe/ZnS QDs. The TEM image is shown in [**Figure 3A**](#f3){ref-type="fig"}. They were highly monodispersed with the size of about 15 nm. The fluorescence spectrum of QDs ([**Figure 3B**](#f3){ref-type="fig"}) showed the excitation and emission spectra of the dispersion of CdSSe/ZnS QDs; 380 nm was chosen as excitation wavelength. The QDs exhibit an emission peak at 660 nm. As shown in [**Figure 3C**](#f3){ref-type="fig"}, it can be seen that the fluorescence intensity of PCL-PDEM/QD micelles is about 800, and the emission wavelength is 660 nm when the excitation light is 380 nm. Compared with naked QDs, the emission peak of PCL-PDEM/QD micelles blue-shifted slightly due to the corrosion of zinc sulfide on the surface of QDs by buffer during the preparation ([@B33]).
{#f3}
[**Figure 4A**](#f4){ref-type="fig"} shows the particle sizes and zeta potentials of PCL-PDEM gene carriers in 0.01 M PBS buffer solution with different pH. The sample concentration is 1 mg ml^−1^. Due to the ionization of amines groups on the shells, the micelles were positively charged. The particle size increased, and the zeta potential decreased according to the pH increase. It indicated that with the pH increase, the ionization of amines decreased. The positive charges of micelle in acid and the "proton sponge" effect of polymer might disrupt the endosomal membrane and facilitate the nanoparticle escape ([@B9]). The gene carriers solution with pH 7.4 was selected for the subsequent cell experiment.
{#f4}
Highly negatively charged IL-8 siRNAs were conjugated to the micelle gene carrier through electrostatic interaction. The ratio between siRNAs and micelle was optimized to get maximum transfection efficiency. The IL-8 siRNAs were added into PCL-PDEM micelle solution according to the molar ratio of phosphoric acid group and amino group (P/N). After mixing, the zeta potentials and particle sizes of PCL-PDEM/siRNA complexes were measured and showed in [**Figure 4B**](#f4){ref-type="fig"}. It was found that zeta potential decreased and the particle size increased with the increase in P/N ratio, which demonstrated that the charge on the amino groups of micelles was neutralized, and the siRNAs were conjugated with the micelles. However, the micelles aggregated when the ratio of P/N was more than 1:10. As shown in [**Figure 4C**](#f4){ref-type="fig"}, when the P/N of PCL-PDEM/siRNA was greater than 1:5, the binding efficiency of PCL-PDEM was very low due to the considerable amount of free siRNA escaping from micelle. However, by decreasing the P/N to 1:10, the siRNA was observed to be completely bound with micelle. Considering the delivery efficiency, we applied the ratio of P/N at 1:10 to perform the subsequent cell experiments.
The release of nucleic acid from the nucleic acid/polycation nanoplexes is induced after nucleic acid dissociation from the polycation ([@B12]). Inside the cells, the dissociation of nanoplexes is considered to take place by an interexchange reaction of the complexed nucleic acid with the surrounding polyanion, such as cytoplasmic mRNA, phosphatidylserine, or anionic proteoglycan ([@B14]; [@B11]). By using the doubly labeled (fluorescein and X-rhodamine) pDNA and poly(aspartic acid) as the model polyanion, [@B13], [@B10], and [@B11] studied the interexchange reaction between the polyanion and the complexed pDNA in the LPEI, BPEI, and PLL/pDNA nanoplexes by the fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurement. The study showed that the release of DNA was induced by the chain exchange reaction of the complexed pDNA with poly(aspartic acid).
Here, the siRNA release studies were carried out in PBS (pH 7.4, 10 mM) and 37°C using a dialysis tube (MWCO 100000) in the presence of poly(aspartic acid). As shown in [**Figure 5**](#f5){ref-type="fig"}, as time prolonged, the free siRNA showed an obvious increase, which indicated that the siRNA decondensation was induced by the dissociation from polycation micelles due to the chain exchange reaction of the complexed siRNA with poly(aspartic acid).
{#f5}
Transfer SiRNA and QDs Into Cells by Stimulus-Responsive Gene Carriers {#s3_3}
----------------------------------------------------------------------
In order to determine the safe dosage of the PCL-PDEM/QDs formulation, *in vitro* cell viability studies were carried out by using MTS assay. The hepatoma cells SK-Hep1 and L929 cells were treated with various doses of PCL-PDEM/QDs for 48 and 72 h. [**Figure 6**](#f6){ref-type="fig"} shows that the cell viability decreased with the increase of PCL-PDEM/QD concentration. The cell viability was greater than 80% when the applied doses ranged from 0.2 to 25 μg ml^−1^. This indicated that the prepared micelle-encapsulated QDs were nontoxic on the SK-Hep1 cells if the concentration of the nanoplex was less than 25 μg ml^−1^ (higher than transfection concentration), and biomedical applications could be applied safely.
{#f6}
The PCL-PDEM micelles were then served as nanocarriers to deliver siRNA, which target human IL-8 gene. The human hepatoma cell SK-Hep1 was used as a model. [**Figure 7**](#f7){ref-type="fig"} showed the images of SK-Hep1 cells treated with different formulations for 4 h, where the siRNAs were labeled with fluorescent FAM for localization. As shown in [**Figures 7C, D**](#f7){ref-type="fig"}, cells treated with PCL-PDEM/QDs showed stronger red signal than those treated with naked QDs, which indicated that the micelle-encapsulated QDs were more easily entered to cells compared to naked QDs. In [**Figure 7E**](#f7){ref-type="fig"}, no green FAM fluorescence signal was detected in the cells treated with the naked IL-8 siRNAs labeled with fluorescence FAM, which suggested that the free siRNA was unable to penetrate the cell membrane in the absence of carriers. It was because of the fact that the uptake of negatively charged siRNA was impeded by the cell membrane. However, as shown in [**Figure 7F**](#f7){ref-type="fig"}, the FAM fluorescent signal from IL-8 siRNA was detectable in cells treated with PCL-PDEM-siRNA formulation at the same dosage. It indicated that PCL-PDEM--loaded siRNAs could undergo uptake by cells. The uptake of polymeric micelles by the cells is affected by the surface charge and functional groups of micelles ([@B2]). The nanocarrier used in this study was cationic micelles, so the uptake of the micelles was due to the electrostatic interaction between micelles and cells. These results demonstrated that the positively charged gene carrier successfully transports QDs and siRNA across the cancer cells.
{#f7}
As shown in [**Figure 7**](#f7){ref-type="fig"}, there was a dark green fluorescent spot (siRNA^FAM^) near each red spot (QDs), indicating that the siRNA and QDs were codelivered into cells successfully. The nanoparticles had the potential for long-term real-time monitoring of the siRNA delivery process*in situ* due to the exceptional optical properties of QDs' high resistance to photobleaching.
In order to further quantitatively evaluate the transfection efficiency of siRNA by PCL-PDEM/QDs nanocarriers, the flow cytometry assay was performed. As shown in [**Figure 8**](#f8){ref-type="fig"}, the result shows that no fluorescence signals were detected in the cells treated with naked IL-8 siRNA^FAM^, consistent with the imaging analysis, which indicated that naked siRNA could not enter into cells. In contrast, the Lipofectamine 2000 (Lipo), a commercial siRNA transfection reagent, was used to deliver siRNA^FAM^ as the positive control group. The strong fluorescence signals of QDs and FAM were detected in the cells treated with PCL-PDEM-siRNA/QDs, which suggested quantitatively the siRNA^FAM^ and QDs were delivered successfully into the tumor cells. The fraction of double-positive fluorescence signals for the tumor cells treated with PCL-PDEM-siRNA/QDs was about 69.3%. And the fraction of FAM-positive signals for the cells treated with PCL-PDEM-siRNA/QDs and Lipofectamine 2000 were about 71% and 85%, respectively. Although the nanocarrier had comparable transfection efficiency compared with the Lipofectamine 2000 transfection reagent, the nanocarrier could load hydrophobic QDs, which were common and commercially available due to hydrophobic core of nanocarrier, and realize codelivery of siRNA and QDs. However, the Lipofectamine 2000 could not load hydrophobic QDs. These results demonstrated that the micelle-encapsulated QDs can be utilized as efficient siRNA delivery nanocarriers.
{#f8}
In addition, after SK-Hep1 cells were treatment with PCL-PDEM-siRNA nanoplex for 48 h, the IL-8 expression levels in culture media were assayed, and the gene silencing efficiency of nanoplex was evaluated. The results in [**Figure 9**](#f9){ref-type="fig"} showed that a remarkable decrease of IL-8 expression was observed from the cells treated with PCL-PDEM-siRNA, PCL-PDEM-siRNA/QDs, and Lipo-siRNA, compared to the other groups. The suppression of IL-8 expression for PCL-PDEM-siRNA/QDs was about 63% after 48 h of treatment, slightly less than that for Lipo-siRNA, which was about 75%. It demonstrated that the formulation of PCL-PDEM-siRNA/QDs had great potential for gene therapy applications.
{#f9}
Conclusions {#s4}
===========
In summary, we have proposed a pH stimuli-responsive micelle based on PCL-PDEM copolymer to deliver siRNA with high transfection efficiency for hepatoma cancer therapy. The properties of the nanoparticles have been extensively analyzed. A specific siRNA sequence targeting IL-8 gene has been conjugated with PCL-PDEM for RNAi on SK-Hep1 cancer cells. The results showed that the transfection efficiency of the PCL-PDEM-siRNA nanoplex was about 70%, and the suppression of IL-8 expression was about 63% after 48-h treatment. The codelivery of QDs and siRNA has been realized, which is beneficial to visualize the process of siRNA delivery. No cytotoxicity of nanoplex was detected according to the MTS assays. The nanoplex formulation had potential for clinical applications in hepatoma cancer therapy.
Data Availability Statement {#s5}
===========================
The datasets analyzed in this manuscript are not publicly available. Requests to access the datasets should be directed to <xugaixia@szu.edu.cn>.
Author Contributions {#s6}
====================
ZC, GX, XW, GL, and K-TY designed experiments. ZC, HX, and LL carried out experiments. ML and PZ assisted with sample collecting. ZC, GX, GL, XW, and K-TY analyzed experimental results. ZC wrote the manuscript, and GX revised the manuscript. All authors have contributed to the final version and approved the final manuscript.
Funding {#s7}
=======
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31671491, 21677102, 81772002), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2017M612719), Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2018A030310415), and the Basic Research Foundation of Shenzhen (JCYJ2017081710263496).
Conflict of Interest {#s8}
====================
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
[^1]: Edited by: Jiangjiang Qin, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China
[^2]: Reviewed by: Supriya Dinkar Mahajan, University at Buffalo, United States; Jessica Reynolds, University at Buffalo, United States; Peihong Ni, Soochow University, China
[^3]: This article was submitted to Pharmacology of Anti-Cancer Drugs, a section of the journal Frontiers in Pharmacology
|
Silsden F.C.
Silsden A.F.C. are a football club that play in Silsden, West Yorkshire, England, and are currently members of the
History
The club was formed in 1904. In 2004–05, they reached the second round of the FA Vase.
They are one of only three teams ever to win the West Riding County Challenge FA Cup three years on the trot – 2001, 2002 and 2003 before joining the NWCFL the following season and gaining promotion at the first attempt into the Premier Division (along with Cammell Laird).
The other two teams to have won the West Riding CFA Challenge Cup three times on the trot were Storthes Hall (1998-2000) and Bradford Rovers (1939-41).
For the 2014–15 season; Silsden AFC fielded a Development Squad to compete in the Lancashire Galaxy League under manager Paul Evans.
Ryan Haigh was appointed first team manager for the 2015–16 season but resigned in February due to family commitments. He was replaced by former player James Gill.
Danny Forrest took over from James Gill in November 2016. His assistant is another ex-professional – Matty McNeil and is supported by goalkeeper coach Kevin Knappy, physio Andy Henson and fitness coach Clive Murgatroyd.
In January 2016 Silsden announced plans on their website to allow all Bradford City Season ticket holders half price admission for the remainder of the season. They have since extended this invitation to all professional clubs including local side Guiseley AFC.
For the 2017-18 season Silsden AFC entered an Under 21 team into the West Riding County FA U21 League.
Rivalries
Barnoldswick Town, Colne and from further afield Nelson and Padiham
Stadium
During their earlier years in the North West Counties League they played their home games at Cougar Park, home of the rugby league club Keighley Cougars. However, in early 2010 plans were put in place to upgrade their former ground in Silsden. With the help of the Football Foundation, Sports England and Asda Foundation, committee of the club, of Silsden Cricket Club and of players plus the generosity of sponsors and local businesses, their dream came true when they returned in time for the start of the 2010–11 season. Floodlights, a stand, new dugouts, coffee hut, pay-hut, walkway, perimeter fencing and barriers were all put in place to complement the newly erected £1.2 million Sports Club which houses 6 changing rooms, two referees' rooms, a physiotherapy room and a function room.
For the start of the 2012–13 season saw the name of stadium change to Angel Telecom Stadium following a five-year sponsor package with the Bradford-based telecommunications company.
For the 2016-17 season the stadium was renamed "The Cobbydale Construction Stadium" to coincide with a generous annual sponsorship deal by local builders Cobbydale Construction.
In 2016 the club again made ground improvements including new outside toilets and a new hospitality area named the '1904 Lounge' tracing the clubs routes back to its original formation.
In early 2017 the club built state of the art dug-outs to complement the completion of the exterior enclosure fencing.
Records
FA Cup best performance: first qualifying round replay – 2004–05
FA Vase best performance: second round proper – 2004–05
Honours
Craven League
1996–97
Northern Plant Hire Cup Winners
Division Two Runners Up
1997–98
Division One Runners Up
1998–99
Premier Division Champions
Premier League Cup Winners
Northern Plant Hire Cup Winners
West Riding County Amateur League
1999–2000 Division Two Champions
Division Two League Cup Winners
2000–01 Division One Champions
Division One League Cuo Winners
Keighley & District Challenge Cup Winners
Division Two (reserves) League Cup Winners
2001–02
West Riding County Cup Winners
Keighley & District Cup Winners
Reserve Division Two Winners
Premier Division Runners-up
2002–03
West Riding County Cup Winners
Keighley & District Cup Winners
Premier Division Champions
Charity Shield Winners
Premier League Cup Winners
Keighley & District Supplementary Cup Winners
References
External links
Official website
Category:Sport in the City of Bradford
Category:Football clubs in England
Category:Football clubs in West Yorkshire
Category:Association football clubs established in 1904
Category:1904 establishments in England
Category:Craven and District Football League
Category:West Riding County Amateur Football League
Category:North West Counties Football League clubs
Category:Northern Counties East Football League
Category:Silsden |
'use strict';
const Gpio = require('../').Gpio;
const led = new Gpio(17, {mode: Gpio.OUTPUT});
const ITERATIONS = 2000000;
let time = process.hrtime();
for (let i = 0; i !== ITERATIONS; i += 1) {
led.digitalWrite(1);
led.digitalWrite(0);
}
time = process.hrtime(time);
const ops = Math.floor((ITERATIONS * 2) / (time[0] + time[1] / 1E9));
console.log(' ' + ops + ' write ops per second');
|
Cuddle Up With This Snorlax Bean Bag
In February, we covered an officially licensed Snorlax bed made by Bandai and available exclusively in Japan. Now, ThinkGeek has created a similar product for Pokemon enthusiasts who are stateside. Resembling the beloved slumbering monster, the massive plush toy is 4 feet tall and 2 feet wide—perfect for taking naps after a long Pokémon Go trek.
Snorlax is available for pre-order and is slated to ship in December. The license is currently pending, so the order is subject to change.
Mental Floss has affiliate relationships with certain retailers and may receive a small percentage of any sale. But we only get commission on items you buy and don’t return, so we’re only happy if you’re happy. Thanks for helping us pay the bills!
1. SOAKING IT UP; $7.49
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That mug of hot water might eventually be a drink for you, but first it’s a hot bath for your new friend, who has special pants filled with tea.
Mental Floss has affiliate relationships with certain retailers and may receive a small percentage of any sale. But we only get commission on items you buy and don’t return, so we’re only happy if you’re happy. Thanks for helping us pay the bills!
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This ingenious umbrella comes with a special cover to make it look like you’re lugging around a real banana. The covers come in green and yellow, but the umbrella itself is always yellow.
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If you’re looking for something a little tougher, a Game of Thrones-themed umbrella might be just the thing. The umbrella is adorned with the show's logo and has a special handle that looks like the hilt of Jon Snow’s sword, Longclaw.
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For more food-themed umbrella fun, check out this carrot-shaped umbrella. Similarly to the banana version, it comes with a protective case that resembles a carrot. When you take off the top, it reveals an orange umbrella.
7. DOG UMBRELLA; $16.59
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Don’t forget about your furry friends when it's raining cats and dogs. While dog rain jackets are adorable, you can also opt for a special umbrella made just for puppers. The handle is situated on top of the umbrella so you can easily hold it above your short companion. It’s also connected to a leash so you don’t have to carry two things at once.
8. SKY; $43.95
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Opening this umbrella will have you seeing sunny skies, even in the rain. Designed by Tibor Kalman and Emanuela Frattini Magnusson, it looks like a plain black umbrella until it’s opened up, revealing its colorful underbelly.
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10. CAT IN SPACE; $22.56
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Strangely, the “cats in space” motif is pretty popular online. From sweaters to calendars, there’s no shortage of felines floating through the galaxy. You can also get an umbrella with the unusual design, because why not?
11. LED UMBRELLA; $23.66
Amazon
There are a lot of futuristic gadgets in the movie Blade Runner, but some are more obtainable than others. You can actually buy the LED light umbrella seen in the movie. The battery-operated handle glows blue, which both looks cool and keeps you safe at night.
12. BIRDCAGE; $22.99
13. COLOR CHANGING UMBRELLA; $34
Amazon
It’s hard to imagine actually getting excited about going out into the rain, but with this special umbrella, you might be watching for dark clouds. The special white ink changes colors when wet, so you can go from a monochrome umbrella to a rainbow one in seconds.
15. KATANA; $28.99
Amazon
Carrying around an umbrella can be a bit of a pain, but at least you can look cool doing it. When wrapped up, this umbrella looks like a sword slung over your back. The hilt of the katana becomes your handle when you open the umbrella up. |
\#1[[$\backslash$\#1]{}]{}
Research in carbon nanotubes is now a very active field both because of their fascinating cylindrical structure and potential applications (see [@dresselhaus_96; @terrones_99]). On the characterization side, the direct measurement of atomic structure is now possible by means of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experiments [@STM]. This technique gives information on both the local atomic structure as well as electronic properties. However it is too time-consuming for routine sample characterization. Thus one has to resort to more macroscopic techniques, which are able to handle the whole as-grown sample. One of the most popular alternative experimental tools is the measurement of the vibrational spectrum by Raman spectroscopy (see e.g. [@raman]). Since the suggestion was made [@raman] that the vibrational frequency of the fully symmetric $A_g$ breathing mode (BM) of an isolated nanotube could be used to determine the nanotube diameter, given its marked frequency dependence on the diameter of the tube, this idea has been widely used as a characterization tool. But, it should also be noted that a small chiral dependance of BM frequency was recently found by ab-initio calculations [@kurti_98; @sanchez_99].
However for developing useful technological applications, it is of primary importance to refine the characterization techniques of nanotube samples, taking into account the local environment in which the nanotubes find themselves. Surprisingly, theoretical studies of the resonance frequency have largely focused on isolated tubes, and no such studies have been reported for bundles of tubes, which is the form in which the majority of the nanotubes are to be found in experimental samples. The aim of the present communication is to show how the tube-tube interactions can be taken into account for the characterization of the BM. Due to its radial character, the BM is likely to be the most influenced mode by the nanotube packing and therefore it is neccesary to quantify this effect. But before we address this question, we will present an evaluation of the inter-tube vibrational modes, which could also allow the characterization of samples by inelastic neutron scattering experiments.
The theoretical model we have developed to deal with the tube-packing effects in the vibrational spectra combines a description of the covalent bonds inside each nanotube via a non-orthogonal tight-binding parametrization [@tb_note], which has proved to work very well for the structural and mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes [@hernandez_98], with a pair-potential approach to deal with the van der Waals interaction between carbon nanotubes. The long-range dispersion interaction is described by a carbon-carbon Lennard-Jones potential $V_{cc}$ given by $
V_{cc}=-\frac{C_6}{d^6}+\frac{C_{12}}{d^{12}} \; ,$ where $d$ is the carbon-carbon distance and $C_6$ and $C_{12}$ are constants fitted to reproduce the structural properties of graphite [@constants]. Despite its intrinsic simplicity, the present approach is widely used to simulate van der Waals interactions between molecules (see [@israevlachvili_92]). In all the calculations described below we consider infinitely long tubes. Let us also note that, although ab-initio descriptions are in general more accurate and reliable, they are very computationally demanding and are limited in the size of the system [@sanchez_99; @rubio_99].
First, to study the intertube modes, we simplify further the model and we consider carbon nanotubes as continuous cylindrical surfaces of density $\sigma$. In this case we can compute analytically the potential felt by a carbon atom situated at a distance $a$ from the center of the nanotube of radii $R$. The potential reads ($a>R$): $$\begin{aligned}
V_{cT}(a)=&& \frac{3}{4}\pi R \sigma \left\{ \frac{C_6}{a^5}
F\left[5/2,5/2,1,(R/a)^2\right] \right. \nonumber \\
&& \left. +\frac{21
C_{12}}{32 a^{11}}F\left[11/2,11/2,1,(R/a)^2\right]\right\} \; ,\end{aligned}$$ where $F$ is the hypergeometric function [@abra]. This model cannot distinguish between different layer-stackings in multilayer compounds, nor can it take account of the tube chiralities when applied to bundles of nanotubes. We feel that this is a good approximation as the registry property in nanotube bundles is frustrated by the geometry of the bundle. Our model thus can be considered to represent an average over the different stacking possibilities in a bundle of tubes of similar diameter having chiralities compatible with that diameter. In this sense we expect the continuous model potential to be able to give a realistic description of the intertube modes. This approach is similar to the one developed by Girifalco for the $C_{60}$ fullerene [@girifalco_92]. Within this simplified model the van der Waals interaction energy per unit length between two carbon nanotubes, $V_{TT}$, follows immediatly by numerical integration of $V_{cT}(a)$ over the surface of the second nanotube. Now, the total energy of a bundle with $N$ tubes, $V_B$, is obtained by summing $V_{TT}$ over all tube-pairs. Before the computation of the vibrational spectra, the total energy for a given bundle is minimized with respect to the tube positions [@relax]. Then, the intertube vibrational modes (eigenvalues and eigenvectors) are deduced from the diagonalisation of the dynamical matrix constructed from a numerical evaluation of the second derivatives of the total energy with respect to the tube center coordinates [@comment_c60]. As a practical remark, we have built the finite-size bundles enforcing the 6-fold symmetry in the section of the bundle, which has one nanotube at its center (the number of tubes is $N=6i+1$ with $i$ being the number of hexagonal-shells in the bundle). In this case, all the inter-tube vibrational spectra can be sorted according to the $C_{6v}$ point group. In particular we find $3i$ Raman active modes and $2i$ infrared (IR) active modes.
In Fig. \[inter\] we show the Raman and IR active modes of a finite size bundle of (10,10) ($R$=6.8Å) armchair nanotubes as a function of the number of tubes $N$. Intertube modes are found between $5
cm^{-1}$ to $60 cm^{-1}$. To the best of our knowledge, no experimental evidence of the observation of Raman active modes in this energy range have been reported. The origin of these lack of observational evidences is probably a low scattering cross section and difficulties to deconvoluate the elastic-scattering peak. Inelastic neutron scattering experiments should also be able to probe such modes even if the difficulty of rigid displacement of long, massive cylinders could reduce the excitation probability. However such experiments require a large quantity of highly purified nanotube powder and at present no data is available for the inter-tube vibration energy range [@rols_neutron]. For comparison between our simulation and future experimental work, we show by the solid curves in figure \[inter\] the total vibrational density of states of a bundle consisting of 55 tubes. Note also that the squashing mode of isolated tubes and the libration mode [@kwon_98] are predicted at about $16 cm^{-1}$ [@libration] and are likely to interfere with intertube modes. This last mode is expected to play a role in temperature dependant conductivity of nanotube bundles since it can induce temperature dependent hopping conductivity. The intertubes mode described here could have similar behaviour.
=3 in
After presenting the new data on intertube vibrational modes, we look at the influence of packing in the BM. The calculations were performed in a frozen phonon approach using the hybrid tight-binding plus continuous Lennard-Jones potential described above. We use a conjugate-gradient relaxation scheme to determine the geometry of the isolated tube before making the full-relaxation of the tube-bundle. After relaxation, we applied the frozen phonon approach to evaluate BM frequencies by computing the total energy (intra- and inter- tube) for a 0.1 $\%$ change of the tube radius. One of the limitation of the frozen phonon calculation for the BM in bundles is the fact that the pure radial mode is no more an eigenmode of the bundle system since packing breaks the symmetry of isolated tubes. This will lead, in addition to the frequency shift, to a degeneracy lift. These effect were study for $C_{60}$ in [@yu_94]. Here we do not take this symmetry lowering in consideration but we believe that frozen phonon approach catches the essential feature on the packing effect on BM modes and gives a first good evaluation of the resonance frequency increase that will be usefull for Raman spectroscopy analysis of nanotube sample.
1= 2= 3=
=3 in
In Fig. \[BM\] and Table \[table\] we present the results for the BM modes of isolated tubes of different radii and chiralities as well as the values for the corresponding infinite bundles. As far as isolated tube concerns, we see that armchair $(n,n)$ and zigzag $(n,0)$ tubes do not follow exactly the same scaling law with diameter. We reproduce the known $1/R$ scaling of the BM frequency ($\nu$), in particular the fit of our data to $\nu=C/R$ give the following values: $C=$1307$\mbox{cm}^{-1}$ Å for armchair tubes and $C$=1282$\mbox{cm}^{-1}$ Å for zigzag tubes. Chiral tubes BM mode lie between armchair and zigzag lines. Recent ab-initio results [@kurti_98] showed $C$=1180$\mbox{cm}^{-1}$ Å and $C$=1160$
\mbox{cm}^{-1}$ Å for armchair and zigzag tubes, respectively and force field data are reproduced by $C$=1111$\mbox{cm}^{-1}$ Å [@steph_99] or $C$=1147$\mbox{cm}^{-1}$ Å[@popov_99] irrespective of tube chirality. Considering that tight-binding methods usually overestimate vibrational frequencies by 5-10 $\%$ [@porezag_95; @BM_c60], the results presented above are not surprizing. We emphasize that our tight-binding calculation reproduce well the slight difference between armchair and chiral tubes found by ab-initio methods [@sanchez_99]. The reason for this success is connected with the non-orthogonality of our tight-binding method that correctly describe the re-hybridization of carbon-carbon bonds when the nanotube breathe. Moreover, the low computational cost of the TB approach compared to DFT allowed us to perform a more systematic study of chiral and achiral nanotubes (see Table \[table\]).
We can now turn to the case of nanotube bundles. As expected, Fig.\[BM\] and Table \[table\] show a clear increase in the BM frequencies when tubes are packed into bundles. The relative increase goes from 5 $\%$ for a tube of radius $R$=3.5Å to 15 $\%$ for $R$=8Å. For $R$=6.8Å (that are revelant considering actual produced nanotubes), the frequency shift is evaluated to be of the order of 10 $\%$. Very recently, Venkateswaran et al.[@venkateswaran_99], using a similar model to study the pressure dependance of nanotube bundles Raman modes, found a $8\%$ increase of the BM of (9,9) tube when they are packed compare to isolated tube. This is consistent with the present result and the difference (we found $10\%$ increase for a (9,9) tube) is likely to come from a sligth difference in parameters used both for the tight binding and for the pair van der Waals potential.
Focussing on consequences on the interpretation of Raman spectra, the effect of neighboring tubes on BM frequencies can lead to misinterpretation of Raman results and to a 10 $\%$ error in radius determination. Even if tight-binding calculations do not give exact numbers for vibrationnal energies, our results are inclined to conclude that the experimental Raman peak at $180 cm^{-1}$ is to be associated with tubes of diameter larger than the $(10,10)$ tube diameter. Indeed, simulation for single-wall nanotubes predicted a BM for a (10,10) tube between $163 cm^{-1}$ (force field [@steph_99]) and $194 cm^{-1}$ (this work) or at $178 cm^{-1}$ for the ab-initio evaluation in [@kurti_98]. If we consider those results as 10 $\%$ under-evaluation of the BM of tube in a bundle, we get frequencies higher than $180 cm^{-1}$ (except for the less sophisticated force field model) and the key frequency of $180 cm^{-1}$ is associated with tube with diameter larger than $6.8 \AA$. This conclusion is consistent with X-rays [@journet_97; @thess_96] and neutron [@rols_99] diffraction if the tube-tube distance is taken to be $3.2 \AA$ (and not the graphite interlayer distance $3.35\AA$) since the diameter polydispersity required for diffraction spectra fit [@rols_99] emplies the presence of tube larger than the (10,10) tube in bundles. Moreover, electron diffraction [@henrard_99] on single nanotube rope lead to the conclusion that $6.8 \AA < R < 7.5 \AA$ and then to a mean radius larger than the the $(10,10)$ radius.
As the BM concerns, we have only considered bundles made of a infinite number of nanotubes and the study of finite bundles will obviously lead to a gradual change of the BM vibration frequency going from a frequency close to the bulk-value for the central tubes (surrounded by 6 tubes) to a frequency close to the isolated-tube value corresponding to tubes at the bundle-surface. This behavior is expected from the short-range tube-tube interaction (at the scale of tube diameter). Note that STM [@STM] and electron diffraction [@henrard_99] experimental studies of carbon nanotubes concluded that all tube chiralities can be found in samples with a very narrow diameter distribution. This will not change drastically our conclusions, even more, if tube chirality are randomly distributed whithin the rope, no registry is possible between adjacent tubes and the continuous model is well justified. Furthermore, we have checked that an increase/decrease of the tube diameter within the rope leads to a reduction/increase of the BM vibrational frequency of neighbouring tubes. Then, both the surface effect and ’defect’ (larger or smaller tubes) will then lead to a broadening of the experimental Raman spectra as observed experimentaly.
----------- ----------- ----------------------- ------------------------- -------------
$(n,m)$ $R (\AA)$ $\nu_{isol}(cm^{-1})$ $\nu_{bundle}(cm^{-1})$ shift($\%$)
$(6,4)$ $3.45$ $366$ $384$ $4.8$
$(8,2)$ $3.63$ $344$ $362$ $5.3$
$(7,4)$ $3.81$ $313$ $330$ $5.2$
$(10,0)$ $3.91$ $328$ $349$ $6.2$
$(6,6)$ $4.07$ $313$ $332$ $6.0$
$(10,1)$ $4.16$ $304$ $323$ $6.3$
$(11,0)$ $4.34$ $297$ $316$ $6.4$
$(12,0)$ $4.70$ $269$ $289$ $7.4$
$(7,7)$ $4.81$ $268$ $288$ $7.4$
$(10,4)$ $4.92$ $256$ $276$ $7.9$
$(13,0)$ $5.11$ $247$ $268$ $8.3$
$(12,3)$ $5.41$ $232$ $253$ $9.1$
$(8,8)$ $5.49$ $239$ $259$ $8.6$
$(15,0)$ $5.90$ $214$ $236$ $10.1$
$(14,2)$ $5.93$ $211$ $233$ $10.4$
$(9,9)$ $6.17$ $214$ $236$ $10.1$
$(12,6)$ $6.23$ $205$ $227$ $10.7$
$(10,10)$ $6.85$ $195$ $217$ $11.4$
$(16,4)$ $7.19$ $179$ $202$ $12.8$
$(11,11)$ $7.53$ $178$ $201$ $12.9$
$(20,0)$ $7.84$ $166$ $190$ $14.2$
$(12,12)$ $8.21$ $164$ $187$ $14.4$
----------- ----------- ----------------------- ------------------------- -------------
: Breathing Mode (BM) frequencies for various carbon nanotubes. The first column defined the tube, the second one is the radius of the relaxed structure. The frequencies of the isolated tubes and tubes in bundle are given in the next two columns. The last column is the relative increase of the BM frequency when bundles are packed. \[table\]
In conclusion, we have presented the first study of the inter-tube vibrational modes (both Raman and IR active) in bundles of single walled nanotubes and proposed neutron inelastic scattering as a experimental test of the validity of our empirical model. We have also showed the first computational evidence of the packing influence on the BM of nanotubes and drawn conclusions on the interpretation of the experimental Raman spectra and how to extract useful experimental information about the nanotube structure and diameter.
[*Acknowledgments:*]{} We have benefited from fruitful discussions with P.Senet, E.Anglaret, S.Rols, J.L.Sauvajol, A.Loiseau and Ph.Lambin. This work was supported by the TMR contract NAMITECH(ERBFMRX-CT96-0067(DG12-MIHT)), the Belgian Program(PAI/UAP 4/10) and JCyL(VA28/99). L.H. is supported by the Belgian Fund for Scientific research (FNRS).
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For an infinite 2D-packing of $(10,10)$ tubes with radii of $R$=6.8 Å the relaxed intertube distance is found to be $3.14~\AA$. Note that the value for the interlayer distance between two flat carbon sheets within the continuous model is $3.27 \AA$ and for an infinite layer stacking (graphite) is $3.23 \AA$. This distance correspond to the actual interlayer distance in graphite $3.34~\AA$. The $\sim$0.1Ådifference is a measure of the graphene layer thickness. Then, we have confirmed the assumption that curvature reduces the intertube distance in the bundle as compare to graphite by more than $0.1~\AA$.
We note that for the calculation of phonons in $C_{60}$ solid, the Lennard-Jones carbon-carbon intermolecular potential has been succesfully used together with a bond charge model [@yu_94]. This last part of the potential was added empirically to reproduced the relative orientation of $C_{60}$ molecules in the solid. In the case on nanotube-bundles there is no evidence of such orientation and we do not include such bond charge model in our calculation.
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|
A positive association between extended breast-feeding and nutritional status in rural Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
Data were analyzed from a cross-sectional nutrition surveillance survey to determine the association between extended breast-feeding and growth. The sample consisted of 2148 initially breast-fed children between 12 and 47 mo of age. Breast-feeding for > 24 mo was associated with a greater height-for-age Z score, and breast-feeding for > 18 mo was associated with greater weight-for-age and weight-for-height Z scores. These results remained significant after the number of food groups being consumed at 12 mo of age, age when the selected food items were first given to a child, the consumption of powered milk, recent infections, age, sex, birth order, birth weight, county of residence, father's occupation, and mother's education were controlled for. These results suggest that extended breast-feeding in this population, in which food was introduced late in infancy, was associated with improved nutritional status as measured by standard anthropometric indicators. |
Q:
d3js overlapping elements: how to "pass through" clicks to "lower" element?
Using d3js, I draw some elements after/ on top of one another. Such as:
// draw rectangle from dataset "d"
svg.selectAll(".rect").append("rect")
.attr("y", 10)
.attr("x", 10)
.attr("height", 5)
.attr("width", 5)
.on("click", function (d, i) {
// react on clicking
});
// slightly bigger frame overlapping first one
var c=1.02;
svg.append("rect")
.attr("x", 10)
.attr("y", 10)
.attr("width", 5 * c)
.attr("height", 5 * c)
.attr("stroke", "blue")
.attr("stroke-width", 1)
.attr("fill-opacity", 0)
Obviosuly when second element is drawn overlapping first one, it is blocking the mouse events. I would like to bypass clicks, double-clicks and right clicks transparently through the second object. How I can do that?
A:
The easiest way is to set the object to receive no pointer events:
svg.append("rect").attr("pointer-events", "none");
|
Regents chief still setto raise grad numbers
The head of the state university system said he’s not backing down on plans to expand the number of college graduates despite a report which shows a degree will not be needed for most new jobs here.
Rick Myers, president of the Arizona Board of Regents, acknowledged that three out of every four job openings for the next two years will require only a high school diploma — or less. That is a figure which is higher than the national average.
But Myers called what is happening in Arizona a classic chicken-and-egg situation. He sees more college grads as a key to boosting the state’s overall economy and attracting those jobs that require more education — and pay more.
And Myers said he sees no downside to the plan to increase the number of college graduates to 30,000 by 2020, up from about 24,000 now.
“I don’t think if we educate more people it’s going to mean we’re going to have that many more people with college degrees working at McDonald’s,” he said.
The report on job openings by the state Department of Administration found that, through the end of 2014, employers will hire 8,769 cashiers, 8,413 waiters and waitresses and 8,158 food-preparation workers. And those are the top three categories, followed by retail sales, customer-service representatives and clerks.
That raises the question of whether the state university system will be producing new job-seekers who are overqualified for the work that’s available here.
Economist Dennis Hoffman of the W.P. Carey School of Business at Arizona State University said the higher-education system can’t be focused solely on what jobs are immediately available.
“We desperately need more opportunities with employers that are ‘higher margin’ employers,” he said, those that hire people who are more productive and who can demand higher salaries.
“One way to get those folks is to make them aware of the fact we have a lot of talent in this state ready and willing to work,” Hoffman said.
“But you’ve got to get them here to employ the people we’re producing,” he said. “If we don’t have enough job opportunities here, the students we’re educating in this state are going to leave.”
Myers said the prediction that 75 percent of new jobs here would be for high-school grads and those with less education does not surprise him.
He said about 25 percent of Arizonans older than 25 have at least a bachelor’s degree. Myers said that suggests the university system is meeting the state’s needs.
But Myers said the state still needs to increase the number of college-educated Arizonans, especially if the state is to deal with its lackluster per capita income in comparison with other states.
Arizonans’ income lags
The most recent figures from the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis put Arizona’s per capita personal income at $35,979. That is 84 percent of the national average.
It also ranks Arizona as 41st from the top. Five years before that, the state was 32nd.
Hoffman said much of the jobs forecast makes sense.
He said the whole economy took a hit during the recession. Now there’s a need to “backfill” those jobs that were lost, including those at the bottom of the pay and education scale.
But Hoffman said the state can’t build an economy on that and that Arizona needs a solid base of high-wage employers who want to grow here.
“Because if we don’t, then in the next downturn, we’re going to lose all these folks again,” he said.
Matthew Benson, press aide to Gov. Jan Brewer, said the Arizona Commerce Authority is working to find those companies. But that goes back to the question of an educated workforce.
“You’re only going to bring in those employers with a workforce that can slip into those jobs,” he said.
Benson said one figure in the Department of Administration report shows the effort is paying off: The state expects a 14.2 percent increase in the number of biomedical engineers over the two-year period, the second-highest growth rate in the state.
That, however, isn’t going to move the needle much in terms of high-tech jobs: In pure numbers, that 14.2 percent translates to just 34 new biomedical engineers on top of the 239 now employed here.
Benson dismissed the question of whether Arizona college grads are going to find themselves overqualified for the jobs that are available.
“We know that education remains the surest path to self-employment in this country,” he said, citing figures that show college grads have a much lower unemployment rate than those with only a high-school diploma.
And Myers cited a direct link between wages and education. He said increasing the number of college graduates should get Arizona closer to the national average of more than 30 percent of the adult population instead of 25 percent here, a move he said which should directly correlate with higher income.
“Part of what we’re trying to do is position us to where we have a chance to change the equation in Arizona.
Technical skills an issue
But Aruna Murthy, director of economic analysis for the Department of Administration, said there is a larger debate about pushing as many people as possible to go to college. She said there is evidence that the economy is going to need more people with technical skills that do not require a four-year degree.
“It’s a new age,” she said. Murthy said there is data to show there are many people in Arizona earning $50,000 or more with just a trade-school education.
Benson acknowledged the slide in Arizona’s ranking in per capita income. But he said there’s a reason for that.
“Arizona was particularly hard-hit by the recession, especially the construction industry, which happened to have a lot of high-wage jobs,” he said. “So we’re coming out of a deep hole.”
And Benson said the job-demand forecast reflects the reality of the Arizona economy and the high percentage of jobs which just don’t demand a lot of education.
“That is the result of Arizona having a particularly strong leisure and hospitality industry,” he said, workers at bars, restaurants and hotels. He said that industry helped prop up the economy during the last five years.
“So we’re glad that we have that,” he said.
Murthy said, though, that Arizona can’t build an economy on that.
“We need to have some jobs on the lower end, the middle end and the higher end,” she said.
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Dave,
I am fine. I thought Karen told you about me working from home today. I am reading the tissue book that I just received from Esko Uutella Consulting in Germany.
I am also working on Abitibi's mills and send it to you by email. I asked Greg Bruch about the mills but he did not know the information as much in detail as we had it.
Thanks,
Monika
-----Original Message-----
From: Allan, David
Sent: Wed 10/10/2001 8:32 AM
To: Causholli, Monika
Cc:
Subject: RE: Working from home
R U OK?
-----Original Message-----
From: Causholli, Monika
Sent: Wednesday, October 10, 2001 10:26 AM
To: Dimitry, Dirk; Rickard, Craig; Bruch, Greg; Bryja, James; Robinson, Richard T.
Cc: Allan, David; Carter, Karen E.
Subject: Working from home
I will be working from home for the rest of the day today. If you have any questions you can send them by email as I will be checking it from home.
Thank you,
Monika Causholli |
Probing E/Z isomerization on the C10H8 potential energy surface with ultraviolet population transfer spectroscopy.
The excited-state dynamics of phenylvinylacetylene (1-phenyl-1-buten-3-yne, PVA) have been studied using laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy, ultraviolet depletion spectroscopy, and the newly developed method of ultraviolet population transfer spectroscopy. Both isomers of PVA (E and Z) show a substantial loss in fluorescence intensity as a function of excitation energy. This loss in fluorescence was shown to be due to the turn-on of a nonradiative process by comparison of the laser-induced fluorescence spectrum to the ultraviolet depletion spectrum of each isomer, with a threshold 600 cm(-1) above the electronic origin in Z-PVA and 1000 cm(-1) above the electronic origin in E-PVA. Ab initio and density functional theory calculations have been used to show that the most likely source of the nonradiative process is from the interaction of the pi pi* state with a close lying pi sigma* state whose minimum energy structure is bent along the terminal CCH group. Ultraviolet population transfer spectroscopy has been used to probe the extent to which excited-state isomerization is facilitated by the interaction with the pi sigma* state. In ultraviolet population transfer spectroscopy, each isomer was selectively excited to vibronic levels in the S(1) state with energies above and below the threshold for fluorescence quenching. The ultraviolet-excited populations are then recooled to the zero point levels using a reaction tube designed to constrain the supersonic expansion and increase the collision cooling capacity of the expansion. The new isomeric distribution was detected in a downstream position using resonant-2-photon ionization spectroscopy. From these spectra, relative isomerization quantum yields were calculated as a function of excitation energy. While the fluorescence quantum yield drops by a factor of 50-100, the isomerization quantum yields remain essentially constant, implying that the nonradiative process does not directly involve isomerization. On this basis, we postulate that isomerization occurs on the ground-state potential energy surface after internal conversion. In these experiments, the isomerization to naphthalene was not observed, implying a competition between isomerization and cooling on the ground-state potential energy surface. |
Speech recognition ability as a function of duration of deafness in multichannel cochlear implant patients.
Surgical implantation of a multichannel cochlear prosthesis has become a widespread treatment for profound hearing loss. The relationship between duration of hearing loss and speech recognition ability was examined in 20 postlinguistically deafened adults using the Nucleus 22-Channel Cochlear Prosthesis. Data analysis indicated statistically significant negative correlations between duration of profound hearing loss and postoperative performance on the Central Institute for the Deaf Everyday Sentence Test and the Northwestern University Monosyllabic Word Test (NU-6). Age at implantation and age at onset of profound hearing loss were not found to be significantly correlated with performance on the two measures. These findings are discussed in terms of patient counseling and prediction of potential benefit to the patient. |
Blood Creek (Movie Review)
Try as I might, I doubt I'll ever fully comprehend Lions Gate Entertainment's business philosophy. The gaggle of marketing geniuses working behind-the-scenes are ready and willing to thoroughly promote some of the worst genre pictures to ever grace this miserable excuse for a planet, leaving their stronger acquisitions to flounder and disappear within the bottomless pit of the direct-to-video graveyard.
Granted, not every Lions Gate release is a cinematic bomb, but the vast majority of their more popular titles pale in comparison to the films that, for whatever reason, failed to garner support from those in charge of such decisions. It makes you wonder if they understand horror at all.
Director Joel Schumacher's insanely underrated action/horror hybrid "Blood Creek" (aka "Town Creek") is another unfortunate title that has been mistreated and neglected by one of the most opportunistic studios operating today. Everything about the picture is lean, mean, and bloody, punctuated by one of the most threatening horror villains to grace my television in years. Sadly, "Blood Creek" arrives on DVD without a lot of fanfare, a fact which perplexes me to brink of white-knuckled frustration. Is originality such a four-letter word that anything creative, inventive, or imaginative is immediately moved to the bottom of the totem pole? It’s the only theory that makes any sense.
Powered by a script from up-and-coming scribe David Kajganich (“The Invasion“), “Blood Creek” utilizes Adolph Hitler’s obsession with the occult as a backbone for a strong and supremely creepy story. In the months before World War II, the Nazis have become enamored with several mysterious Viking runestones that have been unearthed along the eastern edge of the United States. Sent to investigate these potentially dangerous relics is a German historian who secretly understands the magnitude of their power, though he's not exactly offering up any specifics to the kind rural family who have agreed to provide the creepy bastard with room and board for the duration of his stay.
Decades later, the horror wrought by the Nazis insatiable desire for world domination has forced two estranged brothers (Dominic Purcell and Henry Cavill) to embark on an impromptu mission to stop a reclusive family from abducting anyone who wanders too close to their property. What these trigger-happy siblings don’t know, of course, is that the Germans were nearly successful in harnessing the power locked inside the rune stone, and the monster created by this unspeakable evil is now on the loose. If this unstoppable killing machine is able to consume enough blood before the looming lunar eclipse, his third eye will pop open and the world as we know it will come to an end. Nifty.
Although the central premise exudes hokeyness and the storyline is more than a little hard to swallow, Schumacher’s breathless pacing and the Lovecraftian nature of Kajganich’s intelligent script helps soothe and cool the film’s goofier aspects. As slick, professional, and well-crafted as it may be, “Blood Creek” is, essentially, a B-grade action flick dressed up in glossy production values. It has the air of a serious-minded grindhouse comic book, where the plot is ludicrous and the characters are paper thin and the action is beyond gory. However, the true beauty of the feature lies in its violent simplicity.
Dominic Purcell, an actor I've never been too crazy about, gives an impressively intense performance, as does his square-jawed on-screen brother Henry Cavill. Their tumultuous relationship makes sense despite the somewhat limited amount of characterization we’re given. And while the somewhat misguided approach to their mutual problem is more than a little empty-headed, you really can’t blame the guys for acting on a knee-jerk reaction given the circumstances. Had this relationship faltered in the slightest, the picture may not have worked as well as it does.
“Blood Creek” is sure to be a cult item once it brutally worms its way into the horror community’s meaty vernacular. It’s hard to fault a movie that features demonic Nazis, resurrected animals, an assortment of blood-soaked kills, and a grotesque villain that would make Pinhead quiver in his leathery garb. Shame on the confused folks at Lions Gate for not giving Joel Schumacher’s decidedly savage little gem a leg to stand on. It outclasses the vast majority of their dodgy DTV output, and, in my opinion, should have had a healthy theatrical run with an appropriate amount of promotion. In a world saturated in cheap, second-rate horror pictures, “Blood Creek” is the real deal. Invite it lovingly into your home.
Todd
Contributor
Todd has been a slave to the horror genre for as long as he can remember. After cutting his teeth on late-night Cinemax schlock and the low-budget offerings found on the classic USA program "Up All Night," our hero moved valiantly into the world of sleazy obscura, consuming the oddest films from around the world with the reckless abandon of a man without fear or reason. When he isn't sitting mindlessly in front of a television set, he can be found stuffing music, video games, and various literary scribblings into his already cluttered mindscape. |
Q:
Multiple delimiters in single CSV file
I have a CSV, which has got three different delimiters namely, '|', ',' and ';' between different columns.
How can I using Python parse this CSV ?
My data is like below :
2017-01-24|05:19:30+0000|TRANSACTIONDelim_secondUSER_LOGINDelim_firstCONSUMERIDDelim_secondc4115f53-3798-4c9e-9bfd-506c842aff96Delim_firstTRANSACTIONDATEDelim_second17-01-24 05:19:30Delim_firstCHANNELIDDelim_secondDelim_firstSHOWIDDelim_secondDelim_firstEPISODEIDDelim_secondDelim_firstBUSINESSUNITDelim_secondnullDelim_firstAIRINGDATEDelim_second|**
2017-01-24|05:19:30+0000|TRANSACTIONDelim_secondUSER_LOGOUTDelim_firstCONSUMERIDDelim_second1583e83882b8e7Delim_firstTRANSACTIONDATEDelim_second17-01-24 05:19:26Delim_firstCHANNELIDDelim_secondDelim_firstSHOWIDDelim_secondDelim_firstEPISODEIDDelim_secondDelim_firstBUSINESSUNITDelim_secondbu002Delim_firstAIRINGDATEDelim_second24-Jan-2017|**
2017-01-24|05:21:59+0000|TRANSACTIONDelim_secondVIEW_PRIVACY_POLICYDelim_firstCONSUMERIDDelim_secondnullDelim_firstTRANSACTIONDATEDelim_second17-01-24 05:21:59Delim_firstCHANNELIDDelim_secondDelim_firstSHOWIDDelim_secondDelim_firstEPISODEIDDelim_secondDelim_firstBUSINESSUNITDelim_secondnullDelim_firstAIRINGDATEDelim_second|**
2017-01-24|05:59:25+0000|TRANSACTIONDelim_secondUSER_LOGOUTDelim_firstCONSUMERIDDelim_second1586a2aa4bc18fDelim_firstTRANSACTIONDATEDelim_second17-01-24 05:59:21Delim_firstCHANNELIDDelim_secondDelim_firstSHOWIDDelim_secondDelim_firstEPISODEIDDelim_secondDelim_firstBUSINESSUNITDelim_secondbu002Delim_firstAIRINGDATEDelim_second24-Jan-2017|**
2017-01-24|05:59:36+0000|TRANSACTIONDelim_secondUSER_LOGOUTDelim_firstCONSUMERIDDelim_second1583e83882b8e7Delim_firstTRANSACTIONDATEDelim_second17-01-24 05:59:31Delim_firstCHANNELIDDelim_secondDelim_firstSHOWIDDelim_secondDelim_firstEPISODEIDDelim_secondDelim_firstBUSINESSUNITDelim_secondbu002Delim_firstAIRINGDATEDelim_second24-Jan-2017|**
2017-01-24|06:04:25+0000|TRANSACTIONDelim_secondUSER_LOGOUTDelim_firstCONSUMERIDDelim_secondc4115f53-3798-4c9e-9bfd-506c842aff96Delim_firstTRANSACTIONDATEDelim_second17-01-24 06:04:24Delim_firstCHANNELIDDelim_secondDelim_firstSHOWIDDelim_secondDelim_firstEPISODEIDDelim_secondDelim_firstBUSINESSUNITDelim_secondbu002Delim_firstAIRINGDATEDelim_second|**
2017-01-24|06:05:07+0000|TRANSACTIONDelim_secondUSER_LOGINDelim_firstCONSUMERIDDelim_secondc4115f53-3798-4c9e-9bfd-506c842aff96Delim_firstTRANSACTIONDATEDelim_second17-01-24 06:05:07Delim_firstCHANNELIDDelim_secondDelim_firstSHOWIDDelim_secondDelim_firstEPISODEIDDelim_secondDelim_firstBUSINESSUNITDelim_secondnullDelim_firstAIRINGDATEDelim_second|**
2017-01-24|06:05:07+0000|TRANSACTIONDelim_secondUSER_LOGINDelim_firstCONSUMERIDDelim_secondc4115f53-3798-4c9e-9bfd-506c842aff96Delim_firstTRANSACTIONDATEDelim_second17-01-24 06:05:07Delim_firstCHANNELIDDelim_secondDelim_firstSHOWIDDelim_secondDelim_firstEPISODEIDDelim_secondDelim_firstBUSINESSUNITDelim_secondbu002Delim_firstAIRINGDATEDelim_second|**
A:
Sticking with the standard library, re.split() can split a line at any of these characters:
import re
with open(file_name) as fobj:
for line in fobj:
line_data = re.split('Delim_first|Delim_second|[|]', line)
print(line_data)
This will split at the delimiters |, Delim_first, and Delim_second.
Or with pandas:
import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_csv('multi_delim.csv', sep='Delim_first|Delim_second|[|]',
engine='python', header=None)
Result:
|
Pathways of orbital extension of extraorbital neoplasms.
Orbital involvement was demonstrated by computed tomography in 53 patients with neoplasms of the head and neck. The pathway of extension into the orbit depended on the histology and location of the tumor. Tumors of the paranasal sinuses and face usually extended through the medial wall, floor, anterior orbit, or the inferior orbital fissure. Intracranial lesions most commonly extended through the posterior lateral wall, but the superior orbital fissure and optic canal were also pathways for orbital extension. |
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|
Abstract
Kutatásunk egyik alapvető kérdésfeltevése az volt, hogy vajon milyen összefüggést találhatunk a proteoglikánok (aggrekán) és a mozgásszervi autoimmun betegségek között, ill. ezen belül is a gerincet érintő spontdylitisek között. Állatkísérletekkel (egér immunizálás aggrekánnal) vizsgáltuk a kialakuló immunválaszt, az ízület és a gerinc részvételét ezen folyamatokban. Egyértelművé vált, hogy a genetikai háttér meghatározza a betegségre való hajlamot, de azt teljes egészében nem determinálja. Meglepő és fontos eredményünk, hogy az arthrodialis ízületek és a spondylitis nem mindig egyszerre megjelenő betegségek, sokkal inkább különálló entitások, melyek genetikai háttere is különbözik. A spondylitisek, valamint az ún. failed back syndromának, ugyanakkor sokkal nehezebben modellezhető és után vizsgálható a humán előfordulása. Az általunk gyűjtött nagy számú minta vizsgálata során nem sikerült egyértelmű összefüggést találni a serumban megjelenő autoantitestek, ill. a betegség megjelenése és súlyossága között. | The basic theory of our research was that proteoglycans (more specifically aggrecane) plays a pivotal role in the autoimmune diseases of the musculoskeletal system, in particular in the inflammation of the spine. Our animal model of arthritis (murine immunized with aggrecane)has been found extremely useful for this purpose, and the role and importance of distinct immunological reactions were identified in the inflammation of the joints and the spine. Genetic background of the mice was found to be of paramount importance yet it was not the exclusive predicting factor in the development of the disease. Surprisingly, we found that spondylitis and the inflammation of the arthrodial joints do not coincide constantly, and it appears that this two diseases represents rather two utterly distinct entity. The assessment of the human immunological diseases, on the other hand, is way more demanding and in spite of our greatest effort we have not been able to identify any correlation between the occurrence and the severity of these human diseases and the presence and concentration of the autoantibodies against the cartilage constituents. |
The role of hinges in primary total knee replacement.
The use of hinged implants in primary total knee replacement (TKR) should be restricted to selected indications and mainly for elderly patients. Potential indications for a rotating hinge or pure hinge implant in primary TKR include: collateral ligament insufficiency, severe varus or valgus deformity (>20°) with necessary relevant soft-tissue release, relevant bone loss including insertions of collateral ligaments, gross flexion-extension gap imbalance, ankylosis, or hyperlaxity. Although data reported in the literature are inconsistent, clinical results depend on implant design, proper technical use, and adequate indications. We present our experience with a specific implant type that we have used for over 30 years and which has given our elderly patients good mid-term results. Because revision of implants with long cemented stems can be very challenging, an effort should be made in the future to use shorter stems in modular versions of hinged implants. |
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|
123 TORONTO ST in BARRIE: House for rent : MLS® # 1606892
Beautiful suite top floor. What's not to love about being tucked up cozy in this century home. Separate entrance, full kitchen, updated bathroom & wonderful bedroom. New laundry facilities just for you. The park, shops & downtown amenities just a couple blocks away. This classy suite is just waiting for you. Utilities included. 1 parking space. (parking spot of front left side of drive). Interlocking walk way being installed in front of veranda area @ front of home for a walk way to side entrance for tenant. Available Immediately. Recent credit report, 1st and last , no smoking.More details
106 ECCLES ST N in BARRIE: House for sale : MLS® # 1605653
Enjoy warmth, beauty and convenience in a lovely 2 storey home with strong curb appeal at 106 Eccles St N, Barrie. Situated on a 60' x 132' lot with 2400 Sqft liv space, this family home has much to offer. The large maple trees and mature street welcome you to the lovely private home situated on a dead end street in central Barrie walking distance to downtown. The front porch welcomes you with original wood door and stained glass leading you to this unique home. The formal living room is separated from the foyer with double wood doors featuring glass inserts ,a lovely door knob and features original strip wood floors. The dining room located near the kitchen offers a great space for family dining. The kitchen features bright cabinetry a custom pull- out pantry and island with space to seat two. A warm and inviting family room offers a bright spot to relax with garden doors to the deck, cozy gas fireplace with stunning stone and plank wood floors. There are main floor laundry facilities. With four good sized bedrooms and a full 3 pc bath on the upper level this home has much to offer. The lower level offers a beautiful 1 BR in Law Suite -- with walk out to the beautiful private yard. The yard features mature trees a lovely deck off the family room as well as a walk out from the lower level. The garage has man door with inside access to the house as well as extra storage space. Located in Barrie just off Wellington St, centrally located. It's a great commuter location with easy access to Highway 400 access. Walking distance to downtown. Located near Shoppers, No Frills, Queens Park, Bus Transit and more. Enjoy the feel of privacy and a mature neighbourhood with all the amenities of the city at your fingertips.More details
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Q:
Capture mouse movement in win32/Opengl
At the moment I simply use the WM_MOUSEMOVE message, but it limits the mouse movement to the maximum resolution. So what's the best way of capturing the mouse with Win32 (on a OpenGl window)? I don't want to use freeglut or any extra library.
A:
For games and realtime DirectInput is very suitable, it's moderately hard to use.
That is not core win32 api, the winapi way of getting the input is either GetCursorPos/SetCursorPos driven by your own update loop, so you query and reset with your own frequency.
Or SetCapture and then upon WM_MOUSEMOVE you call SetCursorPos.
The point of setting the cursor pos is to give room for movement so you can get the delta, the amount the cursor moved since the last update and then put it back the cursor into the center of your window.
|
To maintain a closed animal facility to hold approximately 250 experimental monkeys, and administer carcinogenic compounds to the monkeys, as directed by the Project Officer. Animals shall be monitored for tumor development and other compound related effects. The contract shall provide for the breeding, handling, rearing, care, and maintenance of the animals. |
Fyne
200 YEARS' EXPERIENCE. - Fyne was a great opportunity born out of the demise of real Tannoy (when sold to a Chinese consortium). Fyne’s 5 founder members: Andrzej Sosna-MD, ex Mgr Director at Tannoy, Max Maud-Sales & Marketing Director, ex Sales Mgr at Tannoy, Dr Paul Mills-Technical Director, ex Engineering Director at Tannoy, (original coaxial driver designer), Gabriel O’Donahue-Operations Director, ex Factory Mgr Tannoy, have collectively over 200 years’ experience and really caused a stir in the market with multiple 5 star press and awards and over 50 distributors in such a short time frame. Fyne are team players with the passion and creative skills to achieve thier goal of designing and manufacturing an exceptional range of high performance loudspeakers.
Their over 200 years experience is really is evident when you sit down and listen to any of their speakers, they really perform way above their price point, and are packed with innovative ideas but most importantly they are extremely musical, you will be impressed. Fyne Audio have succeeded in significantly updating and enhancing the Single Point-Source (Coaxial) driver without diluting its original musical appeal.
SINGLE POINT SOURCE DRIVER TECHNOLOGY (coaxial by another name)Point source driver technology is not new to Fyne Audio. Our technical team, responsible for the audio performance and mechanical build of the driver, have many decades of experience between them. Our proprietary IsoFlareTM design ensures constant directivity of the wave front generated, providing outstanding stereo imaging, even off axis. Furthermore, a smooth and extended response is delivered thanks to the highly rigid titanium high frequency diaphragm which pushes the break up mode well above the level of human hearing.
PERFORMANCE To fully optimise the driver’s performance, every aspect of the meticulous design has been considered. A vented rear chamber in the Neodymium HF magnet places low frequency resonance well below crossover region. The unique geometry of the high frequency unit’s waveguide provides a flat frequency response and avoids internal reflections. To eliminate unwanted vibrations, which would be detrimental to the sound quality, both the point source driver and the supplementary low frequency driver fitted to the floor standing models, are built around a rigid cast aluminium chassis. Multifibre paper cones are used providing natural sounding midrange and clean transient behaviour. Cone energy is then very effectively terminated using a fluted rubber surround.
OUR TECHNOLOGIESOur experienced team of acoustic and mechanical design engineers have been in the loudspeaker business for very many years. Since coming together to form FYNE AUDIO, they have been busy honing their existing skills and developing technologies to ensure that we can offer best in class performance at all price levels.
ISOFLARETMFYNE AUDIO’S IsoFlareTM driver is a point source system whereby the bass / midrange driver shares a common centre with the high frequency unit. Providing outstanding stereo imaging, even off axis, energy is radiated isotropically with constant directivity, following the flare of the driver cone. Sound is produced as if emanating from a single point in space.Designed and developed in-house at the company’s Glasgow R&D facility, the IsoFlare driver is Fyne Audio’s ideal type of coaxial drive unit. Designer Dr. Paul Mills explains that it is a true point-source where the mid/bass driver shares a common centre with the high-frequency unit, noting: “The complete audio spectrum radiates isotropically from the driver, giving a spherical wavefront, and the phase response is more linear (constant group delay) than a discrete driver configuration. Also, it better preserves the harmonic structure of complex sounds.” Having previously worked with countless drive units at Tannoy, he is highly experienced in optimising it. Fyne Audio’s IsoFlare uses a rigid cast aluminium chassis that’s light so doesn’t store energy. This marries to a bespoke multi-fibre cone with a FyneFlute surround, and the light and stiff magnesium dome. There’s a vented rear chamber in the neodymium tweeter magnet, which is designed to place low-frequency resonance well below the crossover region. The unique geometry of the tweeter’s waveguide is said to provide a flat frequency response while avoiding internal reflections. The end result is a drive unit that generates exceptional stereo imaging, with less dependency on room placement in order to give of its very best
BASSTRAXTM TRACTRIX DIFFUSER SYSTEMThe BassTraxTM Tractrix profile is known to maintain a 90 degree angle at each intersection of the expanding wavefront, thus avoiding reflections. This clever arrangement makes the loudspeaker less critical of room positioning.
MEET THE FYNE "F300" ENTRY LEVEL SERIESThe price may be entry level but the F300 range benefits from the very best technical and acoustic expertise in the loudspeaker industry. Offering a scale of specification and audiophile performance unrivalled at its price, the line-up provides versatility for music lovers or movie enthusiasts. With a choice of two bookshelf or stand-mount models, two floorstanders, a centre channel and an LCR speaker, there are plenty of options to suit a wide variety of listening environments.
F300 CABINETA well-constructed cabinet is the starting point for any high-performance loudspeaker. Exceptional rigidity is provided on all F300 models through a combination of MDF panels which are cross-braced internally. Additional stiffness is achieved by coupling the low frequency driver’s magnet to the cabinet bracing using a resonant-absorbing mastic. Widening the footprint on the floor standing models, using a plinth with floor coupling spikes, provides stability for tight bass and accurate stereo imaging.
F300 CROSSOVEROptimal performance of each of the F300 models is assured by using high quality precision components within the crossover, including low loss LF laminated core inductor and HF polypropylene capacitors. Although the designs are computer optimised, fine-tuning is always undertaken through critical auditioning. The gold-plated speaker terminals ensure a clean signal path and the top of the range F303 has bi-wire terminals fitted to further enhance performance.
F300 DRIVER TECHNOLOGYFyne Audio aims to provide best in class performance at all price levels and the careful component selection for the F300 drivers helps to meet this goal. Utilising a multifibre paper cone on the bass / midrange drivers delivers a natural sounding midrange and clean transient behaviour. Fitted to the centre of the driver is a phase plug which provides smooth midrange roll-off characteristics. FyneFluteTM technology, used on the driver’s roll rubber surround, provides a non-homogeneous interface which very effectively terminates cone energy.
F300 TWEETERThe tweeter combines a powerful Neodymium magnet system with a 25mm Polyester dome producing crisp and controlled high frequency detail. Integrated within the protective mesh cover is a phase loss compensator which delays the output from specific areas of the dome to give a smooth and extended response.
MEET THE FYNE "F500" SINGLE POINT SOURCE SERIESThe F500 series is based around an IsoFlareTM point source drive unit; technology which our Technical Director, Dr. Paul Mills, is reknown for. Our technical team, responsible for the audio performance and mechanical build of this type of driver, have many decades of experience between them. Combining Fyne Audio’s IsoFlareTM driver into a rigid cabinet, with a cleverly designed porting system, ensures optimal in-room performance. Floor standing models in the F500 series use a rigid MDF plinth with large floor coupling spikes giving stability to ensure well-controlled bass performance and further enhancing stereo imaging. Additionally, the spikes can be adjusted from above the plinth allowing easier levelling of the speaker. The cabinets are crafted using real wood veneers and are available in choice of Dark Oak, Black Oak, Piano Gloss Black and Piano Gloss White.
CROSSOVERLow-loss, laminated core inductors and audiophile-grade polypropylene capacitors are used exclusively throughout the F500 series crossovers. The result is an exceptionally clean signal path and very low crossover losses, ensuring the very best in detail resolution and musical communication.
HOME THEATREThe F500 range is as impressive with movies as it is music. FYNE AUDIO’s point source driver technology is ideal for articulating the finest of movie detail with pin-point accuracy. High efficiency and high-power handling means the F500 series delivers an incredibly dynamic and lifelike performance whether you are listening to DTS Master Audio or Dolby True HD.MEET THE FYNE "700" SINGLE POINT SOURCE SERIESRefined, elegant and powerful, the F700 is a five strong series of audiophile loudspeakers combining the best of Fyne Audio’s extensive acoustic know how and engineering excellence. Fyne IsoFlare drivers are at the heart of every F700 model, featuring a coaxially mounted high-power compression HF driver set within a mid/bass cone featuring rigid multi-fibre construction and FyneFlute™ roll surround. The result is true point source isotropic radiation for unsurpassed imaging.
The F700 bookshelf model offers a 6” (150mm) IsoFlare unit The F701 uses a 200mm (8”) version and comes supplied with matching stands designed to enhance performance.
The F702, F703 and flagship F704 floorstanding models are designed to deliver realistic scale in the largest of rooms, featuring 200mm (8”), 250mm (10”) and 300mm (12”) IsoFlare drive units respectively, each model delivers outstanding LF extension and power thanks to a dedicated additional bass driver.
Luxury piano high gloss lacquer, applied to black, white or walnut veneer, is the finishing touch to all F700 cabinets. Constructed from high density birch plywood chosen for extremely low sonic colouration, and precision curved to reduce internal standing waves, each cabinet is meticulously hand-built and hand-finished to exacting standards. The three floorstanding models in the F700 series use a twin cavity ported design and Fyne’s exclusive BassTrax LF diffuser constructed into the striking aluminium plinths. The system creates a 360 degree LF wavefront for unrivalled bass integration in any room.
Within the crossovers, low loss inductors, Claritycap high end capacitors and Van den Hul® high purity silver plated internal wiring is used throughout the F700 range. The entire crossover is Deep Cryogenically Treated to relieve micro-stress in components, wiring and solder to further maximise acoustic transparency. The bi-wired terminal panel uses high-quality gold-plated link cables and features a fifth driver-grounding terminal to minimise potential interference from the external speaker cabling circuit.
The Fyne Audio F700 series loudspeakers set new standards for loudspeaker design, finish and performance, delivering truly outstanding musical scale and precision in luxury cabinets that will enhance any home décor.
MEET THE "F1 - MASTER CLASS" SINGLE POINT SOURCE SERIESThe F1-10 is the first model in our high end F1 series. The design is truly unique and the innovative feature list is outstanding. From the massive 16kg plinth to the intricate burr walnut inlay on the front and top of the cabinet, every element of the loudspeaker has been meticulously considered to ensure stunning audio performance combined with exquisite aesthetic appeal.
The first finish available will be a luxurious high gloss walnut with burr walnut inlay on the front baffle and the top of the speaker. The high density pressed birch ply with extensive internal bracing provides exceptional structural rigidity for low colouration.
Reviews
The Fyne Audio F3-12 is an absolutely cracking subwoofer, and one that sets the bar high for the others in this roundup. The fact that it undercuts some when it comes to price doesn’t do its chances any harm either...
Reviewer:
HOME CINIMA CHOICE
SUMMARY:The recent arrival of Overlord on 4K Blu-ray provided the perfect opportunity to use the film’s dynamic soundtrack as demo fodder. The movie opens with a parachute drop over Normandy on the eve of D-Day and there is nothing subtle about the sound design. A barrage of flak greets the approaching aircraft, signalled by a seismic thump from the F3-12, perfectly timed to the visuals. An explosion tears through one of the planes; there’s nuance to the destruction.
REVIEW: FYNE AUDIO HAS a growing speaker lineup that includes the F300 entry-level series reviewed in this issue [see page 50]. As part of that range, Fyne offers three subwoofers, of which the F3-12 is the largest and most expensive at £600. Yet it's also one of the more affordable subs in this grouptest, despite an impressive specification that sees a 12in driver tethered to a claimed 370W (and 520W peak) of Class D power.
The F3-12 uses a rigid MDF cabinet in an ash black finish, and the build quality is good although styling is unadventurous. The design very much sings from the standard subwoofer hymn sheet. There’s only so much you can do when conceiving a speaker that is essentially a big black box, of course.
It's a traditional sub too, with a single forward-firing long-throw woofer. Yet this is combined with a downward-facing port, making it the only ported model in our quartet. Subsequently, it’s also the heaviest andlargest – standing tall while rivals adopt a more cubic aesthetic.
Fyne Audio's DDX direct digital amplification not only provides plenty of grunt, but also boasts DSP control with a Bass Boost feature aimed at the central LFE range of 30Hz-70Hz.Rear connections are basic, with just stereo line-level inputs and a mono LFE input, along with level and phase controls. As with all grouptest rivals, there are no EQ niceties or remote control here, but that's to be expected at the price point. There's also no crossover dial – the stereo input low-pass filter is setto 85Hz, while your AVR's bass management is used to set the crossover for the LFE feed.Cruise Control
When I’m evaluating a sub, the first scene I always put on is the very beginning of Edge of Tomorrow (Blu-ray). Here there are two truly titanic bass notes that dive right down tothe lower registers, resulting in a sub-sonic experience that you can literally feel.This tends to sort the wheat from the chaff as far as subwoofers go, and I was delighted to discover the F3-12 handles it like a pro. Its output is deep and well defined but also distortion-free, even as it fills the roomwith low-frequency energy. The movie's repeated beach assault isanother excellent test, and the F3-12’s ported driver produces plenty of bass weight as gunships fall from the sky and slam into the sand. The percussive kick of heavy gunfire and huge explosions are handled with skill, and the sub proves surprisingly nimble for a ported design, handling the transients extremely well.And if you really want to test the capabilities of your sub, what’s better than a runaway train? The Blu-ray of Unstoppable boasts some impressive LFE that gives its wayward locomotive a realistic sense of heft, and again the F3-12 has the kind of low-end presence that makes it feel truly cinematic.
The recent arrival of Overlord on 4K Blu-ray provided the perfect opportunity to use the film’s dynamic soundtrack as demo fodder. The movie opens with a parachute drop over Normandy on the eve of D-Day and there is nothing subtle about the sound design. A barrage of flak greets the approaching aircraft, signalled by a seismic thump from the F3-12, perfectly timed to the visuals. An explosion tears through one of the planes; there’s nuance to the destruction.
Absolute Cracker
The Fyne Audio F3-12 is an absolutely cracking subwoofer, and one that sets the bar high for the others in this roundup. The fact that it undercuts some when it comes to price doesn’t do its chances any harm either...
They’re such an enthralling listen once the wick is properly lit,
SUMMARY: "They remain cogent and listenable to low volumes, but their vibrancy and excitement properly comes to the fore once the volume control nudges above ‘polite’. But they’re such an enthralling listen once the wick is properly lit, we doubt you’ll want to hear them at background levels anyway.
REVIEW: Never heard of Fyne Audio? Don’t feel bad or in any way out of the loop - this is a very new company.
And don’t be too down on what, at first glance, looks like a rather laboured brand-name - this new loudspeaker manufacturer’s Scottish background means the word ‘Fyne’ can be legitimately deployed without it being a pun that might soon grow tedious.
Fyne Audio has arrived fully formed, with two complete series of speakers (the F300 entry-level range and the F500 range from which these F501 are taken) plus a ‘statement’ (for which read ‘expensive’ ) speaker, the F1-10.
The F500 range consists of the F500 standmounting design (plus matching stands), two pairs of floorstanders (these F501s and the bigger, more expensive F502s), a centre speaker (F500C) and the F500FX dipole intended for use as rear speakers in a surround-sound set-up. And Fyne has a range of three subwoofers too.
That’s an extremely thorough debut for a company that’s starting from scratch. But it’s safe to say the F501s look, feel and, most crucially, sound more like the product of a company building on years of experience and expertise.
Build and features
At 98cm tall, 20cm wide and 32cm deep, the F501s are of unremarkable dimensions for a product of this type.
And in terms of build quality and finish, they’re exactly what a £1200 floor stander needs to be - that’s to say they’re sturdily made, from the chunky locking spikes beneath the substantial plinth all the way along the gently curved MDF-beneath-real-wood-veneer cabinets.
Finish is smooth and seamless - the veneer feels as good as it looks, and the shiny silver band above the port system at the bottom of the cabinet is subtle rather than showy.
On a technical level, the F501s are an intriguing combination of the predictable and the unusual.
It’s the broad strokes that are pretty predictable: a two-and-a-half way design utilising a 25mm tweeter, 15cm mid-bass driver and 15cm bass driver, nominal impedance of 8 ohms and 90dB sensitivity won’t raise any eyebrows at this kind of money.
But Fyne Audio has brought some interesting thinking to bear. The tweeter - a highly rigid titanium dome - sits in the throat of the mid-bass driver in an arrangement Fyne is calling IsoFlare.
This kind of point source design, intended to preserve the time-alignment and thus stereo imaging of the sound, is not unheard-of - but it demonstrates the sort of technical assurance start-up companies aren’t necessarily known for.
The bigger drivers are multifibre paper cones, with unusually sculpted surrounds. Fyne Audio calls this design FyneFlute, and claims it offers more efficient dissipation of cone energy and reduction of unwanted resonances as a consequence.
And at the bottom of the cabinet Fyne has employed some technology so singular its patent is pending.
Called ‘BassTrax Tractrix Diffuser System’ (and we can’t help thinking Fyne Audio got just a little carried away there - try saying it fast and see how far you get), it combines a fairly conventional downward-firing port above a carefully profiled, conical diffuser.
This is designed to convert the standard plain-wave port energy into a 360-degree wave front. So the port’s response is dispersed more evenly and the speaker itself should, in theory, be less picky about its position in your room.
All of this low-frequency regulation takes place behind some slatted vents, which also add a little visual pizzaz to the otherwise necessarily predictable aesthetic.
The F501s’ grilles are, like many a rival design, held in place by magnets beneath the wood veneer.
Unlike many rivals, though, Fyne has considered what happens to the grilles once you’ve whipped them off - the rear of the cabinet has magnets too (as well as chunky biwiring speaker cable terminals), so the grilles can be safely and conveniently stored.
Sound
After the usual leisurely running-in period, we get the F501s positioned just so in our listening room.
It’s safe to say the thoughtful Fyne approach makes the speakers pretty forgiving of room position - but we find the F501s to be happiest out in some free space, and toed in just a fraction towards our listening position. In this, they’re no different to the majority of loudspeakers we listen to.
At this sort of money loudspeakers need to be able to turn their hands to any type of music without alarms - but we have to start somewhere, so we give the F501s the chance to show off their chops with Diana Krall’s version of Almost Blue.
This is a high-gloss hi-fi recording, with painstakingly recorded piano and close-mic’d vocal supported by stand-up bass, brushed drum kit and economical guitar - and the F501s absolutely lap it up.
Initial impressions are of a broad, well defined sound stage, solid stereo focus and a lavish amount of detail. No nuance of Krall’s phrasing, no creak of double-bass fretboard, no lingering decay of a piano note is ignored.
But while they’re borderline-fanatical about laying out the last scrap of information, the F501s don’t sacrifice the coherence or unity of a performance in the process. Timing and integration are excellent, and the sympathetic responsiveness of the musicians is never understated or overlooked.
Upping the assertiveness quotient more than somewhat with a switch to Burn With Me by DJ Koze allows the F501s to show off their beautifully even, consistent tonality.
The speakers’ cleverly judged crossover points mean, from the bottom of the frequency range to the top, there’s no noticeable gear-change to the F501s’ delivery. This unified tonality, along with the sweet timing and transparency of their sound, makes the picture the Fyne Audios paint absolutely convincing.
Moving to the Deutsche Grammophon recording of Rhapsody in Blue by the Los Angeles Philharmonic under Leonard Bernstein not only allows the F501s to again demonstrate their fine grasp of timing (Bernstein takes the LAP through at an eccentric and awkward tempo, but the speakers have not a moment’s trouble tying it all together) but also their dynamic prowess.
Rhapsody in Blue is full of attention-seeking shifts from ruminative piano to full-orchestra outrage, and the F501s handle each with confidence. They snap into the leading edges of notes, alive with well-controlled drive and attack, and exit with similar alacrity. And they put significant distance between ‘very very quiet’ and ‘very loud indeed’.
No matter the sternness of the challenges we pose to these speakers, they prove unfazeable. Lotte Kestner’s Secret Longitude shows the F501s can deliver all the character and emotion of a vocal performance; The Grit in the Pearl by Clark demonstrates low-frequency punch, speed and body; The Byrds’ amble through You Ain’t Goin’ Nowhere reveals top-end crispness and substance.
We’ll concede the F501s’ treble response is absolutely as confident and assertive as it can be without becoming hard or tiring.
A degree of system-matching is always necessary, but in this instance it’s imperative - the Fyne Audios’ top end isn’t impossible to provoke. Equally, while the thrilling rapidity of their low-frequency response might (on first acquaintance) be confused with a lack of extension, leaner electronics are probably best avoided.
And while we’re laying out our few caveats, we don’t think the F501s are all that tolerant of background-music levels of volume. They remain cogent and listenable to low volumes, but their vibrancy and excitement properly comes to the fore once the volume control nudges above ‘polite’.
But they’re such an enthralling listen once the wick is properly lit, we doubt you’ll want to hear them at background levels anyway.
Verdict
It’s obviously a bold move to launch a loudspeaker into the sort of competition the F501s are going to face - but then it’s equal obvious Fyne Audio has no problem with acting boldly. The F501s are an extremely confident calling-card.
Fyne Audio have succeeded in updating the two-way, point-source model without diluting its original musical appeal.
Reviewer:
Roy Gregory
Fyne Audio Loudspeakers: Something Old, Something New
The most interesting new brand at the recent Bristol Hi-Fi show in the UK was Fyne Audio. Whilst I’m sure the pun is intentional, the name also references Loch Fyne; this new loudspeaker line hails from Scotland, just like its spiritual forebear. Take a quick look at the Fyne Audio loudspeakers and you could mistake them for a new Tannoy range. Dig a little deeper and you quickly realize just why that is.
Like many of the other venerable names in the UK audio industry, Tannoy has passed into new ownership. In 2015, the mainly pro-orientated Music Group acquired the Danish TC Group of companies. TC Group specializes in studio, broadcast and installed products, but had also acquired Tannoy in 2002. The takeover was largely focused on the home-studio and pro brands, meaning that Tannoy and, in particular, the much-loved (in certain, mainly Far East markets) Prestige series, with their big, dual-concentric drivers housed in ultra-traditional cabinetry, faced an uncertain future. With production of the other domestic ranges already moved to China, the Scottish workforce was dwindling and the rumors were swirling, leaving most of the existing management and production staff with a stark choice between jumping or being pushed. The end result was a highly experienced management team and personnel with no company to run.
You can see where this is going. Much work, three product lines and one business plan later, the nascent Fyne Audio was able to attract significant external funding, and the company is up and running. As well as a fully ex-Tannoy masthead, the team includes members with experience at Mission and Wharfedale, and perhaps most notably, Dr Paul Mills, the man responsible for Tannoy product development for over 30-years. But don’t assume that Fyne Audio is simply manufacturing what amounts to rebadged Tannoy designs. Give a design team, tied to 30 years of product development, inherited culture and residual inventory, a blank sheet of paper and it’s like all of their birthdays arriving at once. No more using the existing parts (because there are so many in stock), no more sticking to given materials (because they’re synonymous with the brand), no more having to retain outmoded design features (because the customers still want them). This isn’t just an opportunity to revisit the design philosophy; it’s a chance to completely overhaul the thinking, materials, engineering and sourcing of every aspect of the product. These are point-source designs, conceived and manufactured in this century, rather than the last.
The Fyne loudspeakers might have familiar DNA, but they’re a whole new ballgame, both sonically and aesthetically. The company showed examples from three ranges: the relatively conventional F300 series, which pairs multi-fiber paper cones with a 25mm soft-dome tweeter; the F500 series, based around 6" or 8" two-way coincident drivers; and the F1-10 flagship model, with its distinctive, curved-wall cabinet and periscope-style mounting for its 10" point-source driver. Of these, it’s inevitably the models with those coincident drivers that are going to attract all of the attention. Dubbed Isoflare by the company, these drivers are all-new designs, specially built for Fyne Audio to exacting specifications. A titanium-diaphragm compression driver is housed in the throat of the multi-fiber paper bass/midrange cone, with proprietary profiles for both the horn and cone flare.
But that’s only the start of the story, with thoroughly modern thinking applied to everything from the cast baskets and fluted surrounds, to edge-wound voice coils and high-powered, vented motor configurations. Bass loading is reflex, but with a downward-firing port aimed at a flared 360-degree diffuser with a Tractrix profile. Placed at the bottom of the cabinet, this provides omnidirectional low-frequency output, but perhaps more importantly, the proximity to the floor maximizes bass weight and extension. Combine that with moderate sensitivities around the 90dB mark and gentle crossover slopes and you should get decent bandwidth and a driveable load.
The heart of the range is the F500 series, ranging from £599 to £1599 per pair in price. The F500 (above right) is a compact stand-mount based on the 6" Isoflare coincident driver mounted in a conventional rectangular MDF cabinet. The single driver, narrower than it is deep, and all-around venting for the bass make for an unusual and attractive speaker. The F501 adds a 6" bass unit with a laminated paper cone to create a 2.5-way floorstander, while the F502 (above left) makes the move up to 8" drivers. Above that, the F1-10 uses a single 10" driver in its differentially ported, compressed plywood enclosure.
One look at the picture should tell you that these are not your dad’s Tannoys. Thoroughly modern in both thinking and appearance, Fyne Audio’s products have stepped firmly away from the heritage branding of the long-established Tannoy Prestige models, products that worked hard to look older than they really were. In contrast, a speaker like the F502 wears its technological heart very much on its aesthetically up-to-the-minute sleeve. At the same time, it makes an acoustical-engineering argument for its point-source driver technology rather than a traditionalist one. Whether that engineering philosophy can trump heritage appeal remains to be seen -- and, internationally speaking, is probably market dependent -- but if the impressive initial results from the speakers played in Bristol are anything to go by, it sounds like Fyne Audio have succeeded in updating the two-way, point-source model without diluting its original musical appeal. The products seen at the show were final pre-production units, with initial production models expected within six to eight weeks, definitely making Fyne Audio one to watch.
The ability to present fine detail in a musically coherent yet uninhibited manner is the mark of a fine speaker at any price and the F301 has it in spades.
Verdict
10TOTAL SCORE
Fyne Audio F301 Review
The brand may be new, but this is an impressive design and an accomplished standmount starter
SOUND QUALITY
10
VALUE FOR MONEY
10
BUILD QUALITY
9
EASE OF DRIVE
10
PROS
Natural, fluent presentation; effortlessly musical
Basically old-guard Tannoy talent marching under its own flag, Fyne Audio has wasted no time pinning itself to the UK’s hi-fi map with two, well-stocked model lines and a roll-out schedule that would make even a well-oiled multinational sweat.
In terms of the group, this is the first of the slightly larger, pricier models promising sexier sonics – though as we’ve already discovered, the tiddlers are having none of that.
After the 100mm mid/bass driver of the AE and DALI’s 130mm unit, we’re up to 150mm with a multi-fibre paper cone and a phase plug at the centre, to smooth roll-off characteristics.
Look more closely and you’ll notice that the roll rubber surround is contoured and looks a little like the outer tread of a car tyre. Fyne Audio calls this variable geometry FyneFlute technology and the aim is to provide a non-homogeneous interface and thus a more effective barrier for the cone’s energy – leading to a cleaner sound. Meanwhile, the tweeter’s protective mesh cover incorporates a ‘phase loss compensator’ that delays output for a smoother and more extended frequency response.
Sound quality
The F301’s bigger box makes it sound a shade more relaxed than the DALI and quite similar in tonal balance to the AE100 – notably in its upper frequency smoothness – though right at the top end there’s a little more light and sparkle. Bass is firm and well judged, but no deeper than what’s come before from the smaller speakers, but the F301 is significantly more sensitive and could probably get away with a less grippy amp than the Hegel with its mighty damping factor.
This Fyne Audio’s musical chops, however, are beyond doubt. The instrumental strands running through Donald Fagen’s ode to Mona are many, delicate, complex and convoluted, but via the F301 everything is clear and in the right place at the right time. The speaker has a deft touch with Combat Continuum’s ludicrously vast soundscapes, too. And yet nothing is in the least diffuse. Performers, instruments and special effects can be located with pinpoint accuracy and tonally they ring just as true. The ability to present fine detail in a musically coherent yet uninhibited manner is the mark of a fine speaker at any price and the F301 has it in spades. Its portrayal of Krall’s grand piano is a singular joy, delivering the attack of hammer on string and a woody richness neither of the tiddlers can quite capture. Perhaps best of all, this speaker lets the music
A FYNE START
The name might be new, but the ex-Tannoy personnel behind Fyne Audio bring with them a combined 200 years’ of experience in the hi-fi industry. Safe to say, the old cliche ‘hits the ground running’ has seldom seemed more apt. It’s probably not stretching things too far to speculate that the two model ranges Fyne Audio has launched suggest the direction Tannoy might have taken had not almost the entire senior management, design, engineering, sourcing and sales team elected to leave and advance their ideas under a new flag. Let’s put it this way: Fyne Audio’s head of design and engineering, Dr Paul Mills, was responsible for the way the last 30-years’ worth of Tannoy loudspeakers turned out.
The rubber surround on the mid/bass driver gives a cleaner sound breathe and sound natural without hype or artifice and that contributes greatly to its listenability. It isn’t brightly lit, there’s no spray-on sheen or strategic emphasis. No manipulative euphony. It’s just the music, pure and simple
Verdict
10TOTAL SCORE
Fyne Audio F301 Review
The brand may be new, but this is an impressive design and an accomplished standmount starter
SOUND QUALITY
10
VALUE FOR MONEY
10
BUILD QUALITY
9
EASE OF DRIVE
10
PROS
Natural, fluent presentation; effortlessly musical
What Hi-Fi? Awards 2018 winner with 5 STARS - Fyne Audio has done a sterling job with these mouth-watering speakers.
OUR VERDICT
It’s two out of two so far for Fyne Audio, with the F302 never in any danger of falling short of five stars
FOR
Full-bodied, entertaining presentation
Fantastic timing and dynamic range
Plenty of low-end presence
Homonyms hold the key to around 90 per cent of Dad jokes, and for that we must be grateful to our language for their existence. But when it comes to Fyne Audio, the fledgling Scottish company’s rhyme-sake doesn’t describe its brilliance quite aptly enough.
Though in its infancy as a brand, Fyne’s seven-strong management team represents a kind of supergroup of industry minds. It has more than 200 years of experience - and delivers results that actually total the sum of its parts, if the first of its loudspeakers to arrive in our test rooms are anything to go by.
We’ve already praised the company’s superlative F501 speakers, so the time to welcome its entry-level floorstanders could hardly come soon enough.
And if that tantalisingly low NZ$995/pr price-tag doesn't already have you rushing to dig out your credit card, we won’t be surprised if you’re already entering your bank details by the end of this review.
Build
A two-way, rear-ported design, the F302s house a 25mm polyester dome tweeter and 15cm multi-fibre mid/bass driver in each of their relatively sturdy cabinets.
With the plinths adding a little more width to the overall footprint, it feels you’re getting a lot of speaker for the money - even though you won’t be greasing the sides to squeeze them in to your living room.
The F302s are available in walnut, black ash and light oak finishes – described by Fyne as ‘superior vinyl’. These are understated finishes, offset by a glossy black headband framing the tweeter.
There is further detailing surrounding the bass/mid driver too, though more than mere aesthetic flourish, this tyre-like design aids solidity and makes it more difficult to distort, in a similar fashion to twisting or folding a sheet of paper.
Sound
Uncomplicated in design, their performance sets the F302s apart as immediate class-leaders.
We listen to every song from beginning to end - an acid test passed only by the most engaging products to cross our path, and there’s no greater praise we can offer Fyne Audio than that.
We play Bon Iver’s 22, a Millionand from the outset we’re met with a confident, forward presentation - but one that has all the detail and refinement we might expect from the best standmounters at this price.
The texture in those opening vocal loops offers a sense of movement and anticipation over a flatlining drone, and quite luscious warmth to Justin Vernon’s trademark choral harmonies. The presentation also feels spacious, with plenty of dimensionality both in terms of width and depth.
The size of the cabinet suggests a wealth of low-end, but bass is taut and doesn’t obstruct the F302s’ keen rhythmic sense.
Advertisement
Timing and dynamic range are often neglected characteristics in floorstanders at this price – they often favour power, bass and a grander soundstage instead – so it’s worth highlighting just how adept the Fynes are at capturing both.
That means harnessing the grimy percussive loops of tracks such as 10 d E A T h b R E a s T, while allowing 29 #Strafford APTSto trickle downstream without fear of becoming stagnant. It builds the intensity of 8 (circle)nicely as it reaches its anthemic conclusion.
These tracks also highlight how adept the F302s are at capturing the production as well as the character of the music.
With synthesizer and vocal alike sodden in almost 80s levels of reverb, the tone changes entirely with the following number ___45___, a dry presentation of breathy saxophone harmonies that the F302s are self-assured enough to throw front and centre.
The contrast would not perhaps need to be this stark for us to recognise it, nor for us to enjoy our time spent with these speakers - but it is indicative of the kind of insight and analysis that's quite rare in this price bracket.
It’s a more mature performance than we were expecting, even having heard what Fyne is capable of further up the food chain.
If there is one caveat, it is that some care needs to be taken with system matching. While the balance is far from skewed, there is a little brightness in the treble that should be tempered by pairing with a suitable amplifier and music source.
At this price we’d recommend something such as Hegel H90 / H190amp, which will complement the F302s’ innate strengths while rounding off some of that top end.
That said, even testing with our Cyrus CD / Rega Elex-R combo, each of which can highlight any treble coarseness, was a delight. So it’s more a case that you’ll get the best from these speakers with some careful matching, rather than being forced to avoid them without.
Verdict
It’s rare to find floorstanding all-rounders at less than NZ $995/pr able to compete in every respect with the wealth of quality standmount speakers available at the same price.
Which only serves to demonstrate just what a sterling job Fyne has done with the F302s.
If our F501 review had your mouth watering, but put your bank account in peril, Fyne has provided with another class-leader. One that belies its extremely reasonable price tag at every turn.
...balance – sound wise which is better than the XT8F’s and the overall build quality of the Fyne Audio F Series is 100% superior than that of the Revolution XT Series.
I have been wanting to listen to the Fyne Audio F502 floor standing speakers for a while now as I have always liked the Tannoy Revolution XT8F speakers and hence was keen to hear how much the boffins at Fyne Audio (ex Tannoy), with a collective experience of over 100 years, have managed to showcase their skills with the F502’s
After an excruciating wait, thanks to strong demand for the F502’s worldwide, KEI, the distributors for Fyne Audio in India, finally managed to get a few pairs for our market and duly opened a pair for evaluation as well as for the listening pleasure of the av media as well as the audio enthusiasts. It so happened that I had the good fortune of visiting on the day the F502’s landed at KEI’s HQ and were just plugged in for their evaluation, so technically they were fresh out of their boxes and ready to go. Go they went as right from the first track played, the F502’s showed no signs of edginess or any of the usual maladies associated with new speakers. What struck me the most was that the sound was so open, enveloping and balanced inspite of having no break in and also the fact that the speakers were not in an ideal environment. Given the constraints, KEI’s technical head was at hand and had no doubt managed to set them up well so kudos to the gent.
We played a variety of music genre’s, analogue & digital, some being very familiar, some not and the F502’s never sounded harsh, tinny or having bloated bass. The usual suspects (audiophile tracks) sounded wonderful and without any overemphasis of any specific frequencies. I also played some tracks from itunes and the tracks that did not have a good recording did sound flat and unappealing so yes the F502’s do not gloss over any glitches, which is also good.
Initial Thoughts:What was supposed to be a quick listening session turned out to last for over two hours which indicates that the F502’s have the knack of reeling one in hook line & sinker with their abilities.
I Would not like to straight away compare the F502’s with the Revolution XT8F’s, but what immediately comes to the fore is a balance – sound wise which is better than the XT8F’s and the overall build quality of the Fyne Audio F Series is 100% superior than that of the Revolution XT Series. I will cover those aspects in detail when I have a pair of the F series for a detailed review, in future.
Do I like the F502’s, hell yes and am very keen to listen to them again, once they have had a decent amount of hours of break in, post which would be better positioned to arrive at a comprehensive conclusion BUT based on what I heard, I believe that the F502’s have that magic to ensure that they will be popular with the music enthusiasts & also the movie enthusiasts who love to listen to music in their home theatre environment as well.
I find myself really warming to its presentation over time; the F702 has a knack of getting the basics very right indeed, and the result is always a most enjoyable listen.
Reviewer:
David Price
SUMMARY: There’s plenty to like about this lofty but elegant floorstander in Fyne Audio’s Premium range, as David Price discovers, It handles recordings with an innate sense of balance with no artificial plateaus. Most striking to my eye is the quality of finish; the smoothness of the piano black gloss cabinet lacquer on the supplied review sample is quite simply staggering. lass-clear, it is better than any finish I’ve ever seen on a car; as such, it’s surely a declaration of intent to any doubters or naysayers. All the strands of the mix such as guitars, bass and drums are very accurately located, but most impressive is the rendering of Drake’s vocals, which hover ethereally between the speakers and hang back a little, too. The effect is quite mesmeric, and for me the magic of a well-done point-source design.
REVIEW: It’s hard to talk about Fyne Audio without mentioning Tannoy, simply because like Cyrus Audio and Mission – the former could not have existed without the latter. In 2017, Tannoy operations director Gabriel O’Donohue, product development director Stuart Wilkinson and design and engineering director Dr. Paul Mills all left to form Fyne Audio, along with various others. Although not every hi-fi enthusiast pays close attention to corporate rearrangements, it’s important to know this because the F702 shares some design DNA with earlier Tannoy designs – so fans of the brand sound should automatically sit up and pay attention. Indeed, the company’s management team boasts collective audio industry experience of over 200 years – something that money can’t buy, and practically every other hi-fi ‘start up’ cannot muster.
The new F702 is the middle model in Fyne Audio’s premium range, neatly sandwiched above the F700 compact standmount and below the huge F703 floorstander. It’s still pretty big by British standards, and most people’s listening rooms will look a lot smaller with a pair in place. Its profile reminds me of – yes, you’ve guessed it – a big Tannoy loudspeaker, but there are plenty of detail points that differ. Most striking to my eye is the quality of finish; the smoothness of the piano black gloss cabinet lacquer on the supplied review sample is quite simply staggering. lass-clear, it is better than any finish I’ve ever seen on a car; as such, it’s surely a declaration of intent to any doubters or naysayers.
There’s plenty to like about this lofty but elegant floorstander in Fyne Audio’s Premium range, as David Price discovers There’s a lot more to the F702 than just a fancy finish, though. The three drive units are key to its sound, not just in what they are but how they are arranged. The lion’s share of the work is done by the 200mm IsoFlare point-source driver; this is a coaxial treble and mid/bass unit, and works with a 200mm multi-fibre bass driver. The 2.5-way system crosses over at 1.7kHz and 250Hz respectively, using a passive low loss crossover with second order low pass and first order high pass filtering; all components are cryogenically treated.
The closer you look at the drivers, the more interesting things get. The upper IsoFlare has at its heart a 25mm magnesium dome compression tweeter with neodymium magnet system and a multi-fibre mid/bass cone with a special FyneFlute surround. This is a specially designed roll surround, oriented to stop energy being reflected back down the cone and thus distorting the sound.
The ‘non-homogenous’, variable geometry cone interface is said to reduce coloration. Design supremo Dr. Paul Mills won’t tell me what fibres are used in the cone, saying only that:“It’s a Fynely guarded secret!” What he can disclose, however, is that the F702’s large cabinet has two cavities inside to separate the main drive units; the bass unit uses the company’s own BassTrax Tractrix diffuser with a downward-firing port.
The result is a large and heavy loudspeaker, albeit one that’s exceptionally well built – even at its lofty price. Weighing 30.5kg, it isn’t something you can whisk out of its packing box at will; you’ll need to be careful and methodical about unpacking it. Then it’s a case of getting the positioning just right; I find that it works surprisingly well when placed close to my boundary wall, but for best results it needs at least half a metre of breathing space. The speaker’s metal plinth includes very high-quality spikes; cups are also included for those who don’t want to kill their carpets or polished wooden floors. The supplied grilles fit easily via magnetic mounting, but all listening is completed with them removed. The F702 sounds best in my room with a slight toe-in, but needs some run-in time. At first, it sounds quite shut in, but after an hour’s listening things snap into focus to create an expansive image that’s way outside of the cabinets.
Sound quality
The company quotes a power handling of 30 to 200W, and the speaker can stand 100W RMS of power continuously. Sensitivity is put at 92dB per watt, which is very good by class standards and means that many valve amplifier users will naturally be drawn to the F702. Nominal impedance is 8ohm, and Fyne Audio says that in a typical room, the frequency response is 30Hz to 34kHz (at -6dB). Being a human being, my ears prevent me from verifying the higher frequency claim, but the back of my chest confirms that the F702 goes down extremely low in my listening room, at least.
One of the joys of loudspeaker reviewing is the sheer diversity of sound you get to hear. Experience soon teaches you to expect a certain style of presentation from a particular type of speaker; for example, Quad electrostatics are way different to horn-loaded Klipschs. So with a large floorstander with a point-source treble / midrange driver and an equally sizeable bass unit, odds are that it’s going to be expansive, widescreen fun – and so it proves.
Out of the boxFyne Audio’s distinctive IsoFlare coaxial driver isn’t the only thing that makes it sound as it does, yet it certainly plays a big part. The most obvious and arguably impressive aspect of its sound is its excellent soundstaging, which takes the music right out of the box. Nick Drake’s Hazey Jane II highlights this all too clearly; the album from which it is taken – Bryter Later – isn’t the world’s most audiophile recording and can be a little underwhelming due to its tonal dryness and opaque early seventies analogue recording quality. Yet as this speaker gets into its stride, you can hear it dissolve out of the cabinets like a fizzing Alka-Seltzer disappearing into its glass of water. The stereo soundstage grows in size, opening up to reveal what’s actually quite a decent recording with plenty of things going on. All the strands of the mix such as guitars, bass and drums are very accurately located, but most impressive is the rendering of Drake’s vocals, which hover ethereally between the speakers and hang back a little, too. The effect is quite mesmeric, and for me the magic of a well-done point-source design.
The second most obvious facet of this big speaker is its tonal balance. This turns out to be very even and extended, with no obvious shouty bits that alter the sound of the source material. Take Duran Duran’s Lonely In Your Nightmare for example; a heavily compressed early eighties pop record it’s strong on the EQ. It can sound a little thin and tinselly on lesser loudspeakers but the F702 gives a resolutely even and balanced rendition, making it very clear that it’s a wideband design. No excuses are needed for its deep, extended bass response; it goes down very low and yet isn’t in the least bit lumpy. Instead it handles all recordings with an innate sense of balance, with no artificial plateaus here or there to give things an extra fillip. This is a sign of a seriously designed big floorstander for me; all that extra cabinet volume should be there to make the bass deeper, not louder.
At the other end of the frequency range, the tweeter does a good – if not quite stellar – job. To my ears it isn’t quite as delicate or insightful as some designs I have heard with ribbon treble units, but this type of drive unit brings its own problems – one of which can be dispersion issues, so it’s swings and roundabouts. The fast hit ride cymbals on the Duran Duran track are great to hear; arriving right on time and sounding smoother and silkier than many metal dome tweeters I have heard. Some might actually want just a little more bite; for example, put on the nineties pop of Saint Etienne’s He’s On The Phone and it almost sounds too refined and balanced to indelibly stamp the music on you. This is very much a judgement call by Fyne Audio
I suspect; those with the means and space to afford such a speaker probably won’t be listening to retro electro dance every waking hour and instead might seek program material that is more subtle, insightful and even handed to play.
Sunset by Frederick Delius with Julian Lloyd Webber and Jiaxin Cheng on cello might be more representative of what many of this loudspeaker’s natural customers use it for and here the F702 positively blossoms. Alongside the aforementioned vast soundstaging and imaging precision, it is very gratifying to hear so much detail from the recording. This isn’t an ultra-forensic speaker – some others dig deeper – but it’s still highly informative about, for example, the textural quality of the cellos. Here one can get a good sense of them being real acoustic instruments, rather than digital facsimiles, and enjoy their natural timbre and resonance. The drive units are obviously of very high quality and mate up well to one another; at the same time, there’s very little to be heard from the cabinet either.
There’s no doubting the many qualities of this big loudspeaker; it is stellar in some respects and in others nothing less than excellent. Its handling of rhythms and dynamics is highly accomplished, albeit not quite up there with its imaging. The way the progressive rock of Steve Hackett’s Star Of Sirius rolls along and how it tracks the subtle dynamic accenting of this great guitarist’s playing, is very enjoyable. Yet this is not a loudspeaker that tries too hard to deliver sonic fireworks; it’s less showy and more subtle than that. People wanting a ‘character speaker’ that wows the listener within seconds of setting ears on it may find it a little too cultured. Personally, I find myself really warming to its presentation over time; the F702 has a knack of getting the basics very right indeed, and the result is always a most enjoyable listen.
Conclusion
With true high-end performance, especially in its imaging and soundstaging, the Fyne Audio F702 is an excellent large loudspeaker in its own right. It ticks a good deal of important boxes while having very few flaws and when you consider that in the great pantheon of high-end floorstanders it isn’t actually particularly expensive at all, it begins to look an even more impressive proposition
How It Compares:
One of the closest rivals is the new Spendor D9. A three-way, four-driver floorstander, this speaker sports a conventional box rather than a curved cabinet. In one way it has a similar smooth and civilised tonal balance, yet the Spendor can’t match the Fyne Audio’s superlative soundstaging and imaging. Both are great speakers.
Q&ADP: How would you describe your acoustic design philosophy?
PM: Simply, it’s about purity of design to deliver a truly engaging musical presentation. The IsoFlare driver is key to what we do, but the attention to detail crosses all aspects of the loudspeaker design process from the initial R&D to the final cosmetic finish. As a new company with decades of loudspeaker experience across the management team, we have had the luxury of developing everything from scratch and the expertise to really push the boundaries of acoustic design and engineering. It boils down to our combined passion for music and delivering the best possible sound in the home. Nothing in the Fyne Audio range gets signed off until the entire team agree that we have created a product that delivers class-leading musical performance at its price.
DP: Why did you opt to use a magnesium tweeter dome?
PM: It is lighter than more commonly used materials such as titanium and aluminium, and has a higher speed of sound propagation. It is also inherently well damped and has a better controlled resonance at break-up frequency. On the downside, it’s a difficult material to work with and form, and considerably more expensive than the common options.
DP: As such, magnesium diaphragm HF units are the preserve of Fyne Audio’s premium ranges. Why use a ‘multi-fibre’ cone?
PM: Controlling the rigidity and damping of a large surface area bass driver while keeping the mass as low as possible to improve the transient response is a balancing act. Materials like polypropylene are well damped and relatively low cost, but lack rigidity compared with a well designed fibrous pulp mix, so can sound a bit dead in the midrange. So on premium products like the F700 series, we have developed bespoke fibre mixes to create optimum cone mechanical performance for our IsoFlare drivers.
FLARE FOR DESIGN
Designed and developed in-house at the company’s Glasgow R&D facility, the IsoFlare driver is Fyne Audio’s ideal type of coaxial drive unit. Designer Dr. Paul Mills
explains that it is a true point-source where the mid/bass driver shares a common centre with the high-frequency unit, noting: “The complete audio spectrum radiates
isotropically from the driver, giving a spherical wavefront, and the phase response is more linear (constant group delay) than a discrete driver configuration. Also, it better
preserves the harmonic structure of complex sounds.” Having previously worked with countless drive units at Tannoy, he is highly experienced in optimising it. Fyne Audio’s IsoFlare uses a rigid cast aluminium chassis that’s light so doesn’t store energy. This marries to a bespoke multi-fibre cone with a FyneFlute surround, and the light and stiff magnesium dome. There’s a vented rear chamber in the neodymium tweeter magnet, which is designed to place low-frequency resonance well below the crossover region. The unique geometry of the tweeter’s waveguide is said to provide a flat frequency response while avoiding internal reflections. The end result is a drive unit that generates exceptional stereo imaging, with less dependency on room placement in order to give of its very best
the Fyne Audio F301s are a real bargain in budget audio. Well built, nicely finished and with excellent sonics, they’d still be a contender at twice the price
Reviewer:
Ashley
I’ve been hoping to review Fyne Audio’s products for some time, though rarely does a new brand see such demand for its products that samples are like gold dust. But when old Tannoy talent regroup and launch a new name and fresh ranges designed from the ground up, there is certainly reason to get excited.
The F301 is the largest standmount in the companies 300 series, situated at the budget end of the company’s product range between the smaller F300 and floorstanding F302. The range also includes the larger F303 floorstander and both centre (F300C) and discrete ‘on-wall’ (F300LCR) models for home theatre installations.
All mid/bass drivers make use of Fyne’s multifibre paper cones, with a central phase plug providing smooth midrange roll-off characteristics. The roll rubber surrounds are formed with equally spaced grooves rather than a uniform surface. Known as FyneFlute technology, this effectively terminates cone energy, resulting in better control particularly at the leading edges of notes.
The 25 mm Polyester Dome tweeter is fitted with a powerful neodymium magnet, and a phase loss compensator integrated within the protective mesh grill which delays the output from specific areas of the dome to give a smooth and extended response.
The cabinets are veneered MDF and are internally braced. Though rear ported, the velocities seem such that the F301 can work well close to a wall with minimal ill effect on performance even when playing loud. They’re also unfussy about room placement, though they’ll benefit from a decent pair of stands and being at least 40 cm from room boundaries to perform at their best.
Few companies can produce a product of this quality on the first go, testament to the engineering know-how of those in the Fyne team. Lifted from the packaging the F301s aren’t especially heavy, but are every bit as well made as befits a speaker of several times their modest price. The finish is expertly executed and there are no duff edges.
The driver surrounds are neatly trimmed with a fixed grill over the tweeter, set into a curved gloss fascia and sitting slightly proud of the cabinet. Unusually in a budget speaker, the cloth-covered woofer grill is held by 4 magnets, hiding unsightly fixings and making popping the grill off to optimise sonics a snap. Branding is well placed, with Fyne’s logo on the grill and their name badge on the baffle beneath.
The cabinets feel solid and sturdy with a deadened ‘thunk’ when tapped. The sides, front baffle and rear appear especially well damped. I picked up a slight resonance (approximately 440Hz) tapping the top panel but certainly nothing of concern. The F301s are rear ported with a block of chunky single-wire terminals beneath. The terminals will accept bare wire, banana plugs or appropriate spades. Polarity is marked with raised symbols; a minor point, though one which, being unable to see the colours, I appreciated nonetheless.
The F301s were connected to my Marantz PM-11S3 amplifier with a pair of Rega Duet cables. Digital and DAC duties were handled by my Cambridge Audio 851N, and vinyl playback came via a Technics SL-1210 MK II with an Audio-Technica AT-VM95SH, and latterly both a Technics SL-1200G and our recent Thorens TD-150 MK2 builds. I even added a cassette or two into the mix via a Pioneer CT-S830S. Sturdy wooden stands brought the tweeters to roughly ear height when seated on a sofa approximately 2 metres away, with the speakers roughly the same distance apart. My review samples arrived well run in so I began listening almost immediately, though did allow time to become accustomed to their sound before noting my impressions.
That’s my excuse anyway. Truth is the F301s really are a musical speaker above all else. Whether streaming digitally or spinning records, tunes flow from them with an easy, laid back air. With an effortless presentation, they show surprising bass extension; deep an authoritative yet refined and well controlled. Detail levels are high especially through the mids and into the top end. Vocals are full-bodied and expressive. There’s a healthy dose of mid-range three-dimensionality too and an immersive stereo image, the realism of which is quite remarkable for a speaker of this size and price.
There’s something about the F301s presentation that just sounds ‘right’. They’re forgiving of poor recordings too and are very easy to drive. Paired with an amp of even moderate power they will go very loud indeed and yet none of that effortlessness or outstanding imaging is lost.
At NZ$595 incl tax the Fyne Audio F301s are a real bargain in budget audio. Well built, nicely finished and with excellent sonics, they’d still be a contender at twice the price. If this is what the company can produce on a budget, I look forward to auditioning their more upmarket models. Highly recommended.
they're a worthy addition to the entry-level 'must listen' list, and certainly bode well for what else this new company has to offer.
Hi-Fi News Verdict:They may show the limitations of absolute low-frequency weight inherent in all loudspeakers of this size, but the little F301s do a good job of conveying a well-integrated sound, and are as enjoyable as they are mature-sounding. In a market that's not exactly short of choice, they're a worthy addition to the entry-level 'must listen' list, and certainly bode well for what else this new company has to offer.
REVIEW: A group of ex-Tannoy engineers bring their experience to bear on a new speaker brand. As past reviews have noted, the market's not exactly short of budget speaker offerings. Though prices down at the entry-level have shown an upward trend – after all, the £100-a-pair 'superboxes' of a decade or two back really wouldn't be sustainable these days – there's also an argument for saying there's not exactly a crying demand for new speaker brands.
All of that seems to have bypassed the team behind Fyne Audio, for the new Scottish-based brand has come to market with an unusually comprehensive offering. This peaks with the £26k F1-12, the very latest of a complete high-end F1 series, right down to the £250 F301 standmount speakers we have here, one step up from the even smaller F300 model and available in a choice of high-quality black ash, light oak or walnut finishes.
Going Public
Two other ranges fill the gap between top and bottom. There's an F500 lineup, running from the compact F500 itself, a single-driver design with an unusual BassTrax loading system, of which more in a moment, this design being echoed in the larger F501 and F502 floorstanders. Above that sits the single-model F700 series, the F702 basically having the same driver configuration as the F502 but in a classier cabinet. Backup is provided by the three-strong range of active F3 subwoofers, their model designations provided by the size of the driver used, from 8in/20cm upwards. The top-end F3-12 model sees a 30cm woofer driven by 520W of 'DDX Direct Digital' amplification that comes with on-board DSP control.
The F1-10 differs from the rest of the range in its design, an immaculate walnut-veneered cylinder, just under 120cm tall, with burr walnut detailing, on the front of which is mounted, Cyclops-like, a single driver. Each speaker weighs in at a substantial 57.7kg, with Fyne Audio adding, amusingly, 'including spikes'.
The extent of the initial offering can seem baffling, but one must assume that the Fyne fellows know what they're doing. After all, as our boxout explains, they have over 200 years of cumulative speaker-building experience with that well-known loudspeaker brand you'll find in the dictionary as a (well-defended) term for public address systems. They gained major fame on railway platforms and in defence applications during the Second World War, and in holiday camps thereafter. When Spitfire and Hurricane pilots scrambled, they did so at the behest of orders issued over Tannoy speakers, and if anyone did ever cheerily announce 'Hi-de-hi, campers!' – well, you get the idea.
What is immediately apparent when one looks further up the new range, including the F1-10 flagship, is that some of the celebrated technology of the old company has been reinvented for the start-up's products. Most obvious is the heritage of the point source – don't mention the words 'dual' or 'concentric'! – Fyne Audio IsoFlare driver. But there's also innovation here, such as in the 'BassTrax' Tractrix loading found in some of the larger Fyne Audio models. This may draw on some Voigt designs of almost a century back, but the company claims its application is novel.
Magic Flute
However, the F301 seems shorn of such innovation – after all, how much can one do with a budget-limited compact two-way reflex-ported speaker, designed for use on stands or shelves? The tweeter sits above the woofer, and the 30cm-tall enclosure – though solidly built and nicely finished in a decent vinyl wrap plus gloss surrounding the high-frequency driver – gives no hint of anything unusual going on.
Yet this is part of a new, cost-effective range, extending from the tiny F300s up through two floorstanding models to the F303, using two mid/bass drivers in a D'Appolito configuration in a 96cm-tall tower. So there must be something to set it apart – a spot of Fynesse, perhaps?
Well yes, there is, for below the 25mm polyester dome tweeter sits the 15cm multi-fibre mid/bass driver, the crossover point being 3.2kHz. And it's this larger driver that shows the most obvious signs of that experienced engineering team's input, in the form of its 'FyneFlute' surround. This uses variable-geometry fluting moulded into the surround to break up its profile, thus avoiding what the company describes as 'mis-termination' – in other words reflections back into the cone from the roll rather than absorption of the cone energy – and reducing coloration.
That aside, this speaker looks fairly conventional, having a magnetically-attached grille covering the mid/bass unit if required, and a fixed mesh over the tweeter in that upper gloss panel. Single-wire terminals are fitted below that rear port, and the speaker is happy on stands of around 60cm or so. I used a pair of hefty mass-loaded Atacama SE24s.
As already mentioned, there are some speakers down at this end of the market offering remarkable value for money, including the likes of the Wharfedale Diamond and D300 series models [HFN Jan '19], the smaller Q Acoustics offerings and – albeit at a higher price – the Bowers & Wilkins 607s. But the Fyne Audio F301 is a design well worthy of its place on the must-listen list of those building a highly cost-effective system, or indeed anyone putting together a 'second room' set-up.
Winning Mix
Supported on my Atacama stands, slightly toed-in and with a spot of boundary reinforcement, Fyne's F301 delighted with its winning mix of smoothness and impact, making them sound anything but small, cheap speakers. What lack of ultimate extension they showed was well covered by the smartness with which the bass moved, and the way it integrated seamlessly up into the midrange. Meanwhile, the treble managed to seem open and airy without demonstrating any roughness or excessive brightness.
What's more, despite the lab testing revealing they're not quite the easygoing amplifier load their manufacturer may suggest, the F301s proved easy to drive. I used them with the relatively inexpensive Audiolab 6000A amplifier [HFN Mar '19] and a Naim Uniti Nova all-in-one streamer [HFN Nov '17] as well as my reference set-up of Naim NAC 52/52PS/NAP250. I found them both amenable to modest amp power while revealing of the benefits of upping the quality of the electronics used.
One of the more remarkable experiences was listening to the Buddy Holly Down The Line – Rarities set [Decca B0011675-02], where the little speakers did an admirable job of conveying the intimacy of these simple recordings. If the measure of a good system is how well it communicates a performance, then the F301s do just fine in bringing out the characteristics of Holly's voice, stripped of overdubs and often with nothing more than guitar accompaniment. Rather as the celebrated From The Original Master Tapes set [MCA MCAD-5540] does for the sound of Holly and his band, so this set gives further insights into the compositions and performances, and the immediacy here serves the recordings exceptionally well.
Motoring On This combination of openness and sweet treble, allied to good low-down weight – for loudspeakers of this size – also preserved the dynamics of Cara Dillon's Live At The Grand Opera House [Bowers & Wilkins Society Of Sound 30; 96kHz/24-bit]. The speakers also delivered small ensemble jazz such as Lars Danielsson's 2014 Liberetto II [ACT 9571-2; 96kHz/24-bit] in highly convincing fashion, from Danielsson's bass to Mathias Eicke's restrained trumpet and Magnus Östrom's precise drumming. With a bit of back wall to aid the low-end, the bass never lacks conviction, but is neatly controlled, while that spot of toe-in helps 'fix' the sonic image.
These aren't the speakers you'd choose if you had a huge room to fill with rock music at live gig levels, but in typical domestic spaces they're more than willing to give it a go, and motored through the easy groove of Van The Man's latest album – where does he get the energy? – The Prophet Speaks [Exile/Caroline International 7707186; 96kHz/24-bit]. Instruments were appropriately close-focused and given space to breath, while Morrison's voice was delivered with no shortage of character.
Up the scale to a big bruiser like Fleetwood Mac's Tango In The Night and the low-end limitations of the F301s are a little more apparent, but still the speakers crunch out the big slams of the title track. And this holds true whether in its original version or the rather more stately demo iteration on the 2017 30th anniversary deluxe set [Warner Bros 018227946388; 96kHz/24-bit].
The speakers also have sufficient crispness and control to give good insight into Anna Netrebko's 2013 Verdi album [DG 479 1052]. Sounding neither brittle nor strident, instead they give a fine – or is that Fyne? – view of the warmth of the soprano's voice, balanced well with the orchestral accompaniment.
Hi-Fi News Verdict
They may show the limitations of absolute low-frequency weight inherent in all loudspeakers of this size, but the little F301s do a good job of conveying a well-integrated sound, and are as enjoyable as they are mature-sounding. In a market that's not exactly short of choice, they're a worthy addition to the entry-level 'must listen' list, and certainly bode well for what else this new company has to offer.
Scotland's Fynest
Not many start-up hi-fi companies begin business with two centuries of experience behind them, but that's what Fyne Audio can claim for its seven-strong core team. After a couple of takeovers of Tannoy – being first swallowed up by Danish speaker company TC, itself later acquired by Uli Behringer's Music Group – that team, formerly running the famous Coatbridge factory, found itself with not much to manage. So, moving on, it founded Fyne Audio with investment from overseas, as well as significant funding from Scottish Enterprise. It designs and engineers its products at its HQ in Lanarkshire, with a technical team led by Dr Paul Mills, a Tannoy veteran of almost 27 years, and formerly that company's Director of Research and Engineering for domestic products. Incidentally, the Tannoy name lives on as part of Music Group, alongside brands such as Midas, Lake and Turbosound, but its main focus these days is on the pro audio sector.
The Fyne Audio F303 speakers are another pair of five-star floorstanders that deliver fun, fun and more fun
Verdict
If you have room for a big pair of speakers, and you like an upbeat, fun sound, the Fyne Audio 303 speakers could be the ones for you.
For weight and scale and outright excitement, these Fynes really are masters of their trade.
SCORES
Sound 5
Compatibility 4
Build 4
There’s something hypnotic about watching a master of their trade at work. Whether it’s a racing driver perfecting every corner at high speed, an engraver precisely appending a fresh name to a trophy in seconds, or even a particularly efficient grocery-bagger in the local supermarket; seemingly effortless complete control is always impressive.
That’s a little how we feel listening to the Fyne Audio F303 speakers: they’re masters at work, and they make it sound easy. The F303s are the third pair of Fyne Audio floorstanders we’ve had in for review – and they’re the third to receive a five-star rating. So this relatively new company, with its core of ex-Tannoy staff, is clearly mastering its trade.
Build and compatibility
The Fyne Audio F303 speakers are a fairly substantial pair of tower speakers. At almost a metre tall, they cut an imposing, upmarket figure, especially in the walnut finish of our review sample, with black ash and light oak also available.
There’s a twin pair of speaker terminals around the back, giving you the option to bi-wire. Whichever colour you choose, you’ll have to fit the plastic feet-cum-stands and spikes. The slightly flimsy plastic here takes some sheen off what is otherwise a smart design.
The F303s feature two 15cm mid/bass drivers either side of a 25mm polyester dome tweeter. Known as the D’Appolito driver configuration, Fyne claims this helps deliver a smooth dispersion and a wide sweet spot, but as with any speaker design, the quality of the components and overall speaker build is ultimately of greater consequence.
The F303s sit above the Award-winning F302s in the Fyne range and that extra mid/bass driver and a larger cabinet are the differences between this model and their five-star smaller sibling’s standard two-way design. Perhaps unsurprisingly, the difference in sound is just as you might imagine from looking at the speakers side-by-side.
Sound
We’re happy to report that the sonic characteristics we’ve loved so much in previous Fyne speakers are present. Ultimately, this means the F303 speakers are exciting, upbeat and just fun, which unsurprisingly makes them hard not to love.
Listening to Hans Zimmer’s Time, we’re eager to hear how well these big cabinets can fill our room. And we’re not disappointed. As the track adds layer upon layer of stirring strings and brass to reach its epic denouement, the F303s effortlessly rise to the challenge. There’s serious scale to be had from these hefty cabinets, not to mention plenty of bottom end, thanks to that extra driver.
For powerful dynamics, these speakers will be hard to beat for the money. That said, you will need a fair amount of space for them, including some space between them and a wall to avoid a boomy sound.
That’s not to say they’re one-dimensional or unable to do delicate. Massive Attack’s brooding slow-burner, Angel, starts slowly, with the Fyne F303s able to showcase impressive attention to detail and comfortable handling of subtle rhythms. They’re almost asking to be played at decent volume, but even at lower levels they demonstrate a good touch, with notes stopping and starting precisely. Voices have texture and warmth, not as immediate and open as some rivals, but with plenty of insight.
Timing is excellent throughout. Mala’s New Life Baby Paris has a complex drum pattern that can be hard to grasp, but these Fynes don’t slip for a second. The track again highlights the bass depth and weight on offer here, which will be hard to beat for the money.
The slight over-excitement in the treble that we heard on the smaller Fynes is still present, though tempered by the extra serving of bass. Only the most sensitive will find it off-putting, but it’s worth bearing in mind when matching the rest of your system.
Much as we could have second-guessed their sound based on their size relative to the smaller F302s, it’s a similar story when comparing the class-leading Dali Oberon5s. The Dalis look like they’re in the year below at school and certainly don’t sound as big, bold or bassy
Verdict
If you have room for a big pair of speakers, and you like an upbeat, fun sound, the Fyne Audio 303 speakers could be the ones for you.
For weight and scale and outright excitement, these Fynes really are masters of their trade.
SCORES
Sound 5
Compatibility 4
Build 4
All in all we cannot recommend the F302 highly enough.
OUR VERDICT - British Audio is famous all over the world and Fyne Audio are set to be one of the big brands that audiophiles from all parts of the planet crave for. As you know, we test and assess all products before we agree to offer them to you and these Fyne Audio F 302 passed with flying colours. As Fyne Audio are a relatively new brand ( With 200 years experience ! ) we didn't know which partnering kit would work best so we dived straight in with the Denon PMA 800 NE, the results are.....impeccable.
FULL REVIEW: The F302 maged to immerse you in the music with a beautifully wide and deep soundstage meaning that if you were to close your eyes you could pinpoint where the instrumentalists are sat on stage when listening to an orchestral piece. Their ability to render even poor quality recordings into an enjoyable experience is simply sublime. Normally a budget floorstander can sound brittle but there is no evidence of that with the F302 as they never sound too bright. The integration between the bass and treble drivers is seamless lending vocals a beautiful fluidity without making them too prominent. And then there's the bass, and a talented dose it is.
When we unboxed the F302 I must admit that we didn't expect much in the form of low end presence due to the relatively small cabinet, I can assure you now, I was wrong. Play something with a deep low end such as Marian Hill - Down, and you are treated to a tight, punchy and deep bass with lots of texture. Even when driven hard by the Denon integrated the Fyne Audio F302 simply keep giving, to the point that the floor starts to vibrate.
All in all we cannot recommend the F302 highly enough. If you are building a budget system or upgrading your old kit these speakers will deliver an experience that will entertain everyone by simply allowing you to enjoy the music. These traits mean that the F302 will be a fine asset to any Hi-Fi or Home Cinema system - Thoroughly Recommended.
Power, Precision & Detail
Taking the performance characteristic of its sibling F301 bookshelf design, the floorstanding F302, with its increased cabinet volume, takes the music listening experience to an altogether more dynamic level. The enhanced depth of bass will be appreciated even if listening to the speaker at relatively low volume levels. And the increased power handling capacity ensures that the What HiFi 5 Star F302 won’t suffer from musical compression or distortion for those times when you just have to turn up the volume.
Premium Performance, Modest Price
The price may be entry level but the F300 range benefits from the very best technical and acoustic expertise in the loudspeaker industry. Offering a scale of specification and audiophile performance unrivalled at its price, the line-up provides versatility for music lovers or movie enthusiasts. With a choice of two bookshelf or stand-mount models, two floorstanders, a centre channel and dipole speaker, there are plenty of options to suit a wide variety of listening environments.
Sound Construction
A well-constructed cabinet is the starting point for any high-performance loudspeaker. Exceptional rigidity is provided on all F300 models through a combination of MDF panels which are cross-braced internally. Additional stiffness is achieved by coupling the low frequency driver’s magnet to the cabinet bracing using a resonant-absorbing mastic. Widening the footprint on the floor standing models, using a plinth with floor coupling spikes, provides stability for tight bass and accurate stereo imaging
Driven Performance
Fyne Audio aims to provide best in class performance at all price levels and the careful component selection for the F300 drivers helps to meet this goal. Utilising a multifibre paper cone on the bass / midrange drivers delivers a natural sounding midrange and clean transient behaviour. Fitted to the centre of the driver is a phase plug which provides smooth midrange roll-off characteristics. FyneFluteTM technology, used on the driver’s roll rubber surround, provides a non-homogeneous interface which very effectively terminates cone energy.
Smooth Detail
The tweeter combines a powerful Neodymium magnet system with a 25mm Polyester dome producing crisp and controlled high frequency detail. Integrated within the protective mesh cover is a phase loss compensator which delays the output from specific areas of the dome to give a smooth and extended response.
If you have room for a big pair of speakers, and you like an upbeat, fun sound, the Fyne Audio 303 speakers could be the ones for you. For weight and scale and outright excitement, these Fynes really are masters of their trade.
OUR VERDICT
The Fyne Audio F303 speakers are another pair of five-star floorstanders that deliver fun, fun and more fun
FOR
Big, room-filling sound
Plenty of bass
Smart appearance
There’s something hypnotic about watching a master of their trade at work. Whether it’s a racing driver perfecting every corner at high speed, an engraver precisely appending a fresh name to a trophy in seconds, or even a particularly efficient grocery-bagger in the local supermarket; seemingly effortless complete control is always impressive.
That’s a little how we feel listening to the Fyne Audio F303 speakers: they’re masters at work, and they make it sound easy. The F303s are the third pair of Fyne Audio floorstanders we’ve had in for review – and they’re the third to receive a five-star rating. So this relatively new company, with its core of ex-Tannoy staff, is clearly mastering its trade.
Build and compatibility
The Fyne Audio F303 speakers are a fairly substantial pair of tower speakers. At almost a metre tall, they cut an imposing, upmarket figure, especially in the walnut finish of our review sample, with black ash and light oak also available.
There’s a twin pair of speaker terminals around the back, giving you the option to bi-wire. Whichever colour you choose, you’ll have to fit the plastic feet-cum-stands and spikes. The slightly flimsy plastic here takes some sheen off what is otherwise a smart design.
The F303s feature two 15cm mid/bass drivers either side of a 25mm polyester dome tweeter. Known as the D’Appolito driver configuration, Fyne claims this helps deliver a smooth dispersion and a wide sweet spot, but as with any speaker design, the quality of the components and overall speaker build is ultimately of greater consequence.
The F303s sit above the Award-winning F302s in the Fyne range and that extra mid/bass driver and a larger cabinet are the differences between this model and their five-star smaller sibling’s standard two-way design. Perhaps unsurprisingly, the difference in sound is just as you might imagine from looking at the speakers side-by-side.
Sound
We’re happy to report that the sonic characteristics we’ve loved so much in previous Fyne speakers are present. Ultimately, this means the F303 speakers are exciting, upbeat and just fun, which unsurprisingly makes them hard not to love.
Listening to Hans Zimmer’s Time, we’re eager to hear how well these big cabinets can fill our room. And we’re not disappointed. As the track adds layer upon layer of stirring strings and brass to reach its epic denouement, the F303s effortlessly rise to the challenge. There’s serious scale to be had from these hefty cabinets, not to mention plenty of bottom end, thanks to that extra driver. For powerful dynamics, these speakers will be hard to beat for the money. That said, you will need a fair amount of space for them, including some space between them and a wall to avoid a boomy sound.
That’s not to say they’re one-dimensional or unable to do delicate. Massive Attack’s brooding slow-burner,Angel, starts slowly, with the Fyne F303s able to showcase impressive attention to detail and comfortable handling of subtle rhythms. They’re almost asking to be played at decent volume, but even at lower levels they demonstrate a good touch, with notes stopping and starting precisely. Voices have texture and warmth, not as immediate and open as some rivals, but with plenty of insight.
Timing is excellent throughout. Mala’s New Life Baby Paris has a complex drum pattern that can be hard to grasp, but these Fynes don’t slip for a second. The track again highlights the bass depth and weight on offer here, which will be hard to beat for the money.
The slight over-excitement in the treble that we heard on the smaller Fynes is still present, though tempered by the extra serving of bass. Only the most sensitive will find it off-putting, but it’s worth bearing in mind when matching the rest of your system.
Much as we could have second-guessed their sound based on their size relative to the smaller F302s, it’s a similar story when comparing the Dali Oberon 5s. The Dalis look like they’re in the year below at school and certainly don’t sound as big, bold or bassy.
Verdict
If you have room for a big pair of speakers, and you like an upbeat, fun sound, the Fyne Audio 303 speakers could be the ones for you. For weight and scale and outright excitement, these Fynes really are masters of their trade.
Lizz Wright’s sonorous pipes sound particularly fine, as do the lush strings on Feels Like Home – not overly warm but just right
8TOTAL SCORE
Fyne Audio F303 Review
Not the heaviest hitter but nimble and musical to its core
PROS
Crisp, clear and cultured sound with spry timing and an airy soundstage
As the larger of the floorstanders in the five-strong F series, the F303 boasts two 150mm multifibre paper coned mid/bass drivers with unusually contoured Variable geometry’ roll rubber surrounds for a non-homogenous interface and a more effective barrier to the cone’s energy, leading to a cleaner, more precise sound.
Sunk into a glossy black ‘head band’, the 25mm tweeter’s key parts are a polyester dome and a powerful neodymium magnet system. But integrated with the protective mesh cover is a so-called ‘phase loss compensator’, which delays output from specific areas of the dome to promote a smoother, more extended frequency response. Similar attention to detail and quality has been paid to the computer optimised (but critically fine-tuned by ear) crossover board, which uses high-grade components usually found in far more expensive designs. Spikes can be wound into the cabinet’s base with no critical stability issues. But for complete, wobble- proof security, plastic outriders are supplied, increasing height by a couple of inches as well as widening the footprint by a few more.
Sound quality
Far from the largest speaker in the group and among the lightest, the F303 is not the hardest hitter. What it does have, however, is speed and agility, a spacious and airy soundstage, snappy timing and a very smooth and even balance top to bottom.
The Fyne can seem a tad lightweight. and doesn’t seem to be pushed in the lower midrange to massage the impression of weight and body. Its bass won’t rustle the curtains, but it goes properly low and is fast, taut and articulate.
These qualities are shown off to good effect with Lump’s Late To The Flight, which kicks off with a deep bass monotone drone that initially seems to be acoustically bowed but morphs to electronic followed, about 30 seconds in, by hugely dynamic and cavernous bass twangs that pulse across the listening area like a wave. Most of the other speakers in the group do this with greater visceral force, but for attack and harmonic texture, the F303 has the edge.
The loudspeaker’s super-sharp leading edges help Matt Bellamy and co. motor along at a pace and with great rhythmic impetus, they do so with a degree of treble ‘hash’ towards the track’s cacophonous climax. That said, Lizz Wright’s sonorous pipes sound particularly fine, as do the lush strings on Feels Like Home – not overly warm but just right
it offers an attractive alternative, living life a little faster and feistier with a clear penchant for fun but just as much respect for the music.
REVIEW: A clue might be in the name, but to be honest, it isn’t much of a clue. Fyne Audio. Considerable pun potential apart, a manufacturer with a Scottish HQ seems a fair bet – not unlike legendary Scottish loudspeaker maker, Tannoy. More than just a coincidence? Absolutely. The tortuous machinations that accompanied ‘old’ Tannoy’s acquisition by The Music Group are very much related to the genesis of the entirely new speaker brand you see here. So, moving straight to go, target acquired.
Fyne Audio isn’t your average start-up. The name might be new, but the ex-Tannoy personnel behind it bring with them a combined 200 years of experience in the hi-fi industry. Safe to say, the old cliché ‘hits the ground running’ has seldom seemed more apt.
It’s probably not stretching things too far to speculate that the two model ranges launched so far suggest a design direction Tannoy might have taken had not almost the entire senior management, design, engineering, sourcing and sales team elected to leave and advance their ideas under a new flag. Put it this way: Fyne Audio’s head of design and engineering, Dr Paul Mills, was responsible for the way the last 30-years’ worth of Tannoy loudspeakers turned out.Echoes of Tannoy are, perhaps, inevitable and nowhere better illustrated than the point-source IsoFlare driver utilised in the more expensive 500-series, the range that also showcases an advanced type of downward-firing bass reflex port going by the name of Tractrix, which refers to a mathematically derived, cone-shaped diffuser that outputs more evenly than a conventional port and is less fussy about positioning.
Neither innovation figures in the lower-priced 300-series, the larger floorstander of the five-strong range we’re looking at here. But that doesn’t mean Fyne Audio is out of fresh initiatives or tantalisingly up-market flourishes. The F303’s brace of 150mm mid/bass drivers – above and below the tweeter in a d’Appolito arrangement for smoother integration – have multifibre paper cones with phase plugs at the centre to smooth midrange roll-off characteristics. Useful, but hardly ground breaking. The new thinking here is called FyneFlute technology and refers to the driver’s unusually contoured, ‘variable geometry’ roll rubber surround, which is said to provide a non-homogeneous interface to provide a more effective barrier for the cone’s energy, leading to a cleaner, more precise sound.
Uniformly black, and nattily sunk into a glossy black ‘head band’, the 25mm tweeter’s key parts are a polyester dome and a powerful neodymium magnet system. Again, nothing we haven’t seen before. But integrated with the protective mesh cover is a ‘phase loss compensator’, which delays output from specific areas of the dome to promote a smoother and more extended frequency response. Similar attention to detail and quality has been paid to the computer-optimised (but fine tuned by ear) crossover board, which uses high-grade components usually found in more expensive designs. Also rare in this price bracket are chunky gold-plated, bi-wire binding posts.
The F303 is surprisingly light for a tower standing 962mm tall, but that shouldn’t be confused with flimsy. It passes the knuckle-rap test, responding with a dull, short-lived, thud that carries no obvious ringing note. Fyne Audio says that exceptional rigidity is achieved through a combination of internally braced MDF panels and coupling the main drivers’ magnets to the cabinet’s bracing using a resonance-absorbing mastic.
The supplied spikes can be wound into the cabinet’s base with no critical stability issues, but for complete, wobble-proof security, plastic outriders are supplied. There’s a limited but classy choice of finishes comprising walnut, black oak or – as here – light oak. Each speaker has two magnetically attached grilles straddling the tweeter but, unlike the 500-series, they can’t be ‘stored’ on the back of cabinet when removed from the front. Such a neat idea.
But first, setup. The Q Acoustics 3050i is bigger and bulkier than the Fyne Audio F303 and effortlessly drives the large room with the 150W per channel US power amp doing its bidding. Impressively, it’s a huge, walk-around sound that doesn’t want for bass weight and extension or naturally delivered detail and has a sort of huggable, over arching warmth that’s oh-so easy to relax into. A tad lush with slickly produced jazz in the Gregory Porter idiom? Just a hair.
The F303 fixes that, as an opening proposition it sounds more agile and assertive, up on its toes, tracking shifts in tempo with a lighter yet more incisive touch, delivering its bass in a tauter, faster fashion. Singing Hey Laura, Porter sounds somewhat leaner and meaner and less like he’s just necked a tin of golden syrup and, thus encouraged, soon the urge to progress to harder-hitting true blues proves irresistible.
Chris Bell’s Elevator To Heaven from his Real Bluesman album is properly slow and smoky, his guitar’s steely edge cutting through the mix like a sabre with a stunning ‘live’ rawness and presence, even though it’s a studio track. Santana’s live version of The Healer, sans John Lee Hooker, is just as scintillating, the F303 balancing the track’s laid back, chug-chug tempo against the searing virtuosity of Mr Santana’s sprinting guitar runs to perfection. Again, the sheer, free-flowing energy of the performance isn’t sapped, hyped or otherwise manipulated by anything too overtly ‘hi-fi’, with the spirit, drive and dynamics taking centre stage, precisely as they should.
Easing back to a spot of softly lit Diana Krall and California Dreamin’ from her Wallflower album while taking the opportunity to usher in the Cambridge/Chord/Rega front-end, the 3050i projecting the grand stage for Krall to perform on with just the merest hint of a rosy glow filter, the F303 sounding a little less romantic and full bodied, but more insightful and intimate. With Desperado, Krall’s diction is marginally clearer on the F303.
ConclusionGood news. Here’s a new speaker savvy enough not to take on a well-loved class stalwart, instead it offers an attractive alternative to Q Acoustics 3050i, living life a little faster and feistier with a clear penchant for fun but just as much respect for the music. DV
The F300s offer detail and clarity that contradicts their entry-level price tag, not to mention a bass weight that belies their size.
OUR VERDICT
Fyne Audio will have to drop the ball at some point, but with these capable F300s, the company has shown that this is not yet the time
FOR
Plenty of detail
Snappy timing
Lots of agile bass
SCORES
Sound 4
Compatibility 4
Build 5
In its first year of existence, Fyne Audio has shown that it has a gift for building class-leading floorstanding speakers – as a mantelpiece decorated with What Hi-Fi? Awards will attest – but it is by no means a given such aptitude will be reflected when the scale is reduced.
We’re putting the company’s F300 standmount speakers, which we recently tested as the rear channels in Fyne's F302 5.1 system, under the microscope as a stereo pair – and they’ve grasped their opportunity to shine.
Build and Compatibility
Resembling a passport photo of Fyne’s Award-winning F302 floorstanders, these diminutive bookshelf cabinets house the same 25mm polyester dome tweeter with a gloss black headband; below it sits a multi-fibre mid/bass driver that is similar to the F302s’ but smaller at 12.5cm in diameter.
It also features the same detailing on the surround of that driver: a tyre-like design built to aid solidity and reduce distortion. Spin the F300s 180 degrees and you’ll notice each has a rear-firing ported chamber for shoring up that low-end response, while a bracket can also be attached to the back of each speaker for wall mounting.
We wouldn’t suggest taking that route with the F300s, unless you are short on space and using them as rear channels in a home cinema system, but their stature (156mm wide and 211mm deep) makes them easy to accommodate.
That extends to their positioning as well. Not only has Fyne Audio priced its F300 range aggressively, its understanding of customers in this area of the market has contributed to some very unfussy designs.
The F300s don’t mind having their backs against the wall, nor in fact being as far out in the room as we’d place their floorstanding cousins. However, we prefer them somewhere in between, which tends to make the most of Fyne’s knack for timing and clarity while affording a good amount of sonic body.
Sound
Regardless of your preferred listening position, the F300s are capable of an admirably engaging performance. We’ve already mentioned Fyne’s mastery of timing, but its real triumph is that no particular talent sticks out – everything sits comfortably as a well-developed whole.
The F300s offer detail and clarity that contradicts their entry-level price tag, not to mention a bass weight that belies their size. While some competitors may over-pack the low-end frequencies, leaving their presentation sonically pear-shaped, or otherwise hint at bass notes without conviction, these slender standmounters are able to deal out bottom frequencies with insight, punch and relatively little fanfare.
There is still that slight coarseness in the upper register we’ve heard across the range, but that isn’t present in class leaders from Dali and Q Acoustics. The courseness can be tempered by savvy system building, while still making the most of these Fynes’ copious abilities.
What may be more difficult to dial in elsewhere in the chain is the extra excitement offered by those rivals. The F300s are by no means lacking in dynamic expression; they’re entertaining, often arresting and are able to convey both large- and small-scale shifts with relative ease.
But there just isn’t that infectious enthusiasm we’ve heard from their floorstanding siblings, that ability to reach out and pull you up to dance. It’s the difference between not wanting to and not being able to turn them off.
Verdict
Like the artist whose sculpture is already in the marble, there’s a gem here waiting to be found. Fyne Audio just needs to smooth a few more edges before the F300s can become a masterpiece like its F302 and F501 Award-winners.
These are great bookshelf speakers for the money; it is just that they sound like great entry-level speakers rather than blur the lines between price categories, as their class-leading rivals do.
These speakers are, for lack of a better word, stunning and demand your attention.
SUMMARY: The speakers handled the spacing of every instrument perfectly and the vocals had a huge sense of presence whether forward or further backward in the track.Miles Davis and Modern Jazz Quartet. Trumpets, pianos and celesticas all rang out high and clear with perfect separation over soft drum beats. Eager to test the bass, our store manager opted for a track from Killer Mike’s new album. Not phasing the speakers at all, the F501s threw bass notes that were more felt than heard and still retained volumes of clarity as lyrics were shot over the top of the window-rattling bass.
In this day and age, it takes a brave company to come into the world of hi-fi and try to make a mark against the heavyweights of the industry. However, with true stalwart Scottish spirit, this is exactly what Fyne Audio have done.
On their site, they’ve revealed that their seven strong management team have an astounding 200 years of combined experience in the hi-fi industry and that everyone on the team has worked together for at least ten years. This amount of time however, is not simply old dogs rehashing old ideas from the past and placing them in a new branded box – on paper there’s a lot of very interesting concepts coming from this exciting start up. We take the FYNE F501 floorstanders into the demo room to see if they’re worthy competition for an already strong market.
Straight out of the box, the speakers look and feel like a quality above their price point. With genuine wood veneers as opposed to vinyl finishes, it looks and feels like premium furniture, making it feel at home with other items in the room, and in the case of our demo room, look perfect next to gorgeous stands from the likes of Atacama. With gently rounded edges and finishes like this, there are only a few manufacturers near this price to make speakers that look so damn lovely, meaning that for sheer décor purposes the Fyne’s leave many a manufacturer in the dust.
There’s a clever design involving their grilles as well. In the stores, we all tend to remove the speaker grilles immediately so we can stare at the drivers in their various states of work and generally geek out a little over the products. We do appreciate however, that others may want their speaker to intrude less on their room, and as such pop the grilles on to make them less discrete. Fyne have clearly considered this as well. Not only the grilles able to cling onto the front of the speaker magnetically, leaving no unsightly holes on the front of the unit, but they can also mount to the back of the speaker as well. This means if you don’t always have them on, you won’t have to worry about where they’re going in the meantime.
Fyne Audio’s ‘IsoFlare’ driver
The drivers are another fascinating point. The solid titanium tweeter is embedded within the mid-range driver – not too dissimilar to KEF’s Uni-Q design or the dual concentric concept from another Scottish brand, Tannoy. Not to be outdone on the naming front, Fyne have called this design IsoFlare. By ‘flaring’ the assembly, this means that all the sweet treble will spread more evenly across the soundstage making for excellent stereo imaging even if your positioning isn’t perfect.
Another point in aid of positioning is the Basstrax Tractix Diffusing System, (okay, they may have gone overboard on the naming here). Similar to other bass porting from Tannoy, whereby the bass is projected into the room by a downwards port onto a plinth. However, Fyne have ensured that once again, diffusion into the room is evened out by their clever grille design – it looks sexy as well, which is a definite plus.
The final piece of engineering the team have created (that’s obvious to the eye at least) is their Fyneflute speaker surrounds. Look at nearly any speaker and realistically, you’re going to a see a round, rubber surround to each driver, allowing it to move forward and back to produce sound. However, this is always going to be a point of distortion for speakers. Different manufacturers have tried many different methods to resolve this. Monitor Audio use their RST drivers to dissipate anomalies at the driver itself, KEF use passive radiators to control bass and Dali spread their sound across extra drivers such as ribbon tweeters. However, with the Fynes – the flared edges to the driver cause them to do something quite special. As opposed to simply moving in a totally linear ‘in and out’ sense – the drivers twist through the motion. By doing this, colouration to the music is all but eliminated.
With all of this tech in mind – I (and a very curious and excited set of colleagues) got them running.
Opting immediately for something to challenge the speakers on their complexity, I used “Vicarious” by Tool. I was not disappointed.
Happy to test the softer element of the speakers, other colleagues opted for Miles Davis and Modern Jazz Quartet. Trumpets, pianos and celesticas all rang out high and clear with perfect separation over soft drum beats. Whilst it may be somewhat true that the speakers prefer to be loud – ultimately they’re floorstanders, and when they sound this good, that’s no problem with us.
These speakers are, for lack of a better word, stunning and demand your attention.
Testimonials
A great introduction into the world of hifi. I'm sure the Fyne range will prove popular".
Hi Terry"I picked up the Fyne F303 speakers from the depot on Friday. So they have arrived safe and sound.
I know they will open up as they run in - but already they sound very good straight out of the box, nicely balanced - bass has some strength without dominating, some really nice detail with acoustic music. But best of all across all music types they are relaxing to listen too.
A great introduction into the world of hifi. I'm sure the Fyne range will prove popular".
RegardsJonthan Hamlet
Fyne F302 speakers are awesome,
Hi Terry
The Fyne F302 speakers are awesome, I am very pleased with my purchase, thanks for your help, will see you for streamer when I am ready.
Thanks again
Richard
So now I'm faced with the choice of buying better components!
Hi Terry,
I finally had a good listen to the FYNE F301 stanf mtg speaker yesterday. I'm really happy with them, plenty of detail and pretty good bass for their size (more than my B&W stand mount speakers which were over twice the retail cost).
There is one slight problem though, the speakers have revealed that the the source I was planning to use is not up to the task. The speakers were going to be used for my bedroom with my current Denon all in one system (combined CD player, amp and tuner).I initially listened to them on my 2nd best components in the lounge - Arcam FMJ400 amp and Oppo BDP-95 player but when I listened to them on the Denon I was really disappointed with the sound after the other components showed how good the speakers are (where previously with lesser speakers it was OK on the Denon).
So now I'm faced with the choice of buying better components or putting up with the inadequate sound!.,,,,,, Colin
Feedback on FYNE F302 speaker sale
)
Great trade. Excellent communication. Unbelievably good high end Speakers. Well beyond my expectation for the price. Many thanks. Will definately trade again :) |
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(Date:1/11/2019)... ... 2019 , ... Boekel Scientific launches its new Touch Screen ... This advanced and intuitive medical device was designed in conjunction with stationary and ... busiest donor stations with new-to-the industry features to improve efficiency and operational ease. ... |
123 tatt med narko på vei til ny musikkfestival
Politifolk med narkohund sto klare da flere tusen unge ankom musikkfestivalen Kadetten denne uken. 14 av de 123 som ble tatt med narkotika er under 18 år.
11.000 personer var innom Kadetten på tirsdag og onsdag. 123 personer ble tatt med cannabisprodukter på vei inn til festivalen. Magnus T. Helstad, Kadetten
6. juli 2018 19:21 Sist oppdatert 20. september 2018
Musikkfestivalen Kadetten ble fra tirsdag til onsdag denne uken arrangert for første gang. Tidligere i uken kunne Aftenposten fortelle om god stemning på Kadettangen i Sandvika der flere tusen ungdom kunne høre hiphop-musikk og bade ved scenen.
Nå viser det seg at flere av de unge som var på hiphop-festivalen var interessert i mer enn musikk og bading. Hele 123 personer ble tatt med narkotika, i all hovedsak cannabisprodukter. 14 av disse var under 18 år gamle.
– De ble pågrepet for bruk og besittelse av narkotika, primært cannabisprodukter. Tallet er ikke overraskende høyt for oss, men vi hadde håpet på et lavere tall. Samtidig kunne vi tatt langt flere hvis vi hadde mer kapasitet. Målet vårt var å være til stede og forebygge, sier Ketil Thue, leder for etterretningsseksjonen i enhet vest i Oslo politidistrikt.
Pågrepet utenfor festivalområdet
Han presiserer at de fleste pågripelsene skjedde på utsiden av festivalområdet. Politiet bruke blant annet narkohunder for å avdekke cannabis blant personer som var på vei til festivalen.
– Vi vet at slike festivaler også tiltrekker seg folk med liberalt syn på rusmidler, konstaterer Thue.
Politiet er bekymret for bruken av narkotiske stoffer på festivaler rettet mot unge folk. Magnus T. Helstad, Kadetten
Av de 123 som ble tatt, har 18 fortalt til politiet at det var første gang de hadde vært borti narkotika.
80 har fått forelegg
Samtlige 123 er blitt anmeldt. 80 av dem har fått forelegg fra politiet. De fleste har fått forelegg på 2000 kroner. De yngste blir fulgt opp i regi av barnevernet og politiets forebyggende avdeling.
– De øvrige hadde flere saker på seg og vil trolig få en reaksjon senere, sier Thue.
Den yngste som ble tatt med cannabis var 16 år gammel. De pågrepne skal være fra hele Østlandet.
Politiet har hittil ikke anmeldt noen for salg av narkotika i forbindelse med festivalen.
– Svært uheldig
Selv om politiet ikke er overrasket over det høye tallet, er Thue bekymret for at slike festivaler kan brukes som arena for å rekruttere unge inn i hasjmiljøet.
– Vi ser på det som svært uheldig at så mange bruker narkotika på offentlig rom. Der det brukes narkotika, er det også tilbud om narkotika. Sånn sett kan det ha smitteeffekt. Derfor er det viktig at politiet er til stede på slike arrangementer, sier Thue, som legger til at politiet har hatt et åpent og godt samarbeid med arrangøren av Kadetten.
Glad for politiets tilstedeværelse
Toffen Gunnufsen er sjef for festivalen Kadetten. Han er glad for politiets tilstedeværelse.
Toffen Gunnufsen er sjef for festivalen Kadetten. Han tar avstand fra cannabisbruk blant festivaldeltagerne. Monica Strømdahl
– Vi har nulltoleranse mot ulovlige produkter. Folk som har vært synlige beruset er blitt bortvist fra festivalen. Vi er glad for at politiet har vært til stede under festivalen. Det har preventiv effekt, sier Gunnufsen.
– Er du overrasket over tallene?
– Både ja og nei. Det var 11.000 personer som var innom festivalen over to dager. De gjenspeiler jo samfunnet.
– Hvordan vil dere forebygge dette til neste gang?
– Vi får håpe på et tettere samarbeid med politiet. Nærvær av politiet vil ha preventiv virkning og er viktig for at publikum skal føle seg trygg, svarer Gunnufsen.
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Start8 still works with the Windows 8.1 Preview. But it requires the latest beta version. We'll know more when Windows 8.1 RTM is released, whether or not MS blocks it. I doubt it will be blocked...
Both stable and beta versions of Classic Shell work splendidly with 8.1 RTM. I really like the new start menu options layout of the beta Classic Shell start menu v. 3.9.3 (I only use the startbutton/menu function of Classic Shell.)
I will say goodbye to 8 and 8.1 because lacking the standard Start Button/Start Menu/All Programs means that a "quick click" on the Pearl/Start Button and typing a few characters into the search field for files and folders was fast, very fast. Also the ability to right click any program or file from the Start Menu/search or the All Programs menu to "send shortcut to desktop" is very fast.
People from desktop illustrators to network administrators are use to quickly adding and removing shortcuts from the desktop when working on projects. There is no fast way to access "everything" in 8 or 8.1.
On the otherside of the coin, 8 and 8.1 are okay for for hand-held devices, but not for desktop and laptop personal computers.
Agreed, but Classic Shell (for instance) is free and fixes that Win8.1 RTM no-start-menu problem perfectly. 8.1 is well worth it over 7 because of the features it provides that are not found in 7, such as the automounting of .iso's! Very handy.
8.1 is well worth it over 7 because of the features it provides that are not found in 7, such as the automounting of .iso's! Very handy.
I love the new speed and responsiveness of 8 but it not much of an issue with high end machines but besides that, I was upset with a lot of other things.
Mounting of ISOs is not really that of a big deal if you have freeware like 7-zip that can open ISOs anyway. But in another case, the taking away of Windows Media Center (and DVD support) as a separate purchasable bundle (which I personally use on Windows 7), the real native Start Button with Start Menu, the native drive imaging ability, WEI, GUI-based adhoc network management, making Safe Mode harder to find and the tearing down of the Library in place of Skydrive as default document saving location somewhat outweigh what was added on the desktop side of Windows 8.1. Disregarding the useless Start button on 8.1 and the boot to desktop option, there was more on the desktop side of 8 than 8.1. This is going backwards lol..
Windows 7 has features that Windows 8.1 didn't have because they were taken away.
The final final final RTM release of 8.1 was very very much anticipated by the tech community like this forum, but the average Joes who are sticking on an old XP, those still lounging on the reliable beauty of Windows 7 and those that have learned to live on Windows 8 that came preinstalled with the new machines they bought, mostly aren't aware of 8.1 or just didn't care. Now MS mandates updating Windows 8 machines to 8.1 which many non-techy people are not even aware of, making the sudden mandatory execution of this new update a bit of a flaw in procedure.
To me, the final RTM on 8.1 was quite late because its more than a year now since 8 had its initial release and most of the new bits on 8.1 were for the Metro side only and that there were even more bits on the desktop part of 8 that was stripped off on 8.1, making 8 even better on the desktop side than 8.1 is. If you don't care about the Metro side, there are almost no benefits from upgrading 8 to 8.1. In fact the only real benefit was the hidden option to boot directly to the desktop. It took them a year to do this little? What a shame..
Unless they were busy developing a beautiful Windows 9, I could let this pass, but if not, I'll now be 200% sure that something is in deed wrong inside Microsoft.
Hi there
What actually does Windows 7 give that Windows 8.1 doesn't. - How many people really NEED to use a menu and what's wrong with a custom toolbar -- this gives an 'XP' like menu which is far better than the hideous W7 menu that occupies a lot of real screen estate especially on HUGE monitors.
I find also touch works very well on laptops - especially the on screen touch keyboard -- note I'm not a fan of touch for LARGE external monitors but I'm finding it very handy on more and more occasions on a 14 Inch LAPTOP - especially when surfing the net or reviewing various documents while in crowded places - e.g trains / planes etc. I'm not in any way a tablet lover. I started off like the vast majority thinking who would ever need Touch on a laptop - but I'm finding it great now - especially it's easy being able to have touch keyboards of multiple languages without physically having to connect them or remember weird key combinations when using a single physical keyboard and inputting a different character set.
I never liked Aero glass -- and the speed of Windows 8.1 is far superior to W7 which although great in its day is beginning to look decidedly dated now.
Most people I've shown a decent W8.1 system to on a touch laptop have definitely SIGNIFICANTLY changed their views both about Windows 8 (they want Windows 8.1) and the usefulness of touch screens on smaller laptops (as I have too -- before I tried and used one I was with the vast majority view on this forum --"a waste of time" but I'd actually HATE to give up the touch feature now having used it for a little while.
The big killer app for me was "Boot directly to desktop" - and the ability to have a separate applications screen which the start button can show instead of the Metro tile standard start screen in the previous version - W8.
W8.1 is so much better that I can't really see why so many people are mouthing the same complaints as with W8 -- seems to be they are just behaving like those Call Centre people - mouthing text from prepared scripts --W8.1 is a DIFFERENT ANIMAL to W8.
Even the metro stuff - especially IE11 has improved a lot and actually for casual surfing with touch on a laptop the Metro version of IE11 works great -- the standard desktop version is fine too.
Not 100% perfect yet but definitely VERY useable. I for one don't see W7 staying on my machines for much longer -- but strangely I STILL need to keep XP for a while !!!! so XP will outlast 7 -- who would have though that.
I always maintained that resistance to Win8 is psychologically/ esthetically based, without going any deeper because most users do not know/ do not care for anything else. To understand somebody / something is to know him(her)/it. All other is just intuition or guessing. As the time passes I can see less and less complaints about looks and more and more stuff about real issues. Even the lack of "real" Start Menu is less of a problem as far as I can see.
I always maintained that resistance to Win8 is psychologically/ esthetically based, without going any deeper because most users do not know/ do not care for anything else. To understand somebody / something is to know him(her)/it. All other is just intuition or guessing. As the time passes I can see less and less complaints about looks and more and more stuff about real issues. Even the lack of "real" Start Menu is less of a problem as far as I can see.
Hi there
Windows 8 did have some real serious issues - however most (not all but enough) have been rectified in Windows 8.1 so that this is really a different OS to Windows 8 and should really be "Sold" as such. The Boot to desktop does away with a HUGE amount of complaints as well as being able to disable the "Charms bar" if you want to for people who find that it gets in the way when they use a mouse.
Seems such a stupidity that Ms didn't have these two options available in the original Windows 8 --this would probably have killed about 85% of the original complaints.
"Old guard" with MS would never let this happen, they were mostly programers first, salesman second, explorers, not pushers. Speak and think whatever of Bill Gates, nobody can deny him role in bringing PCs to an open era, where it is possible to be almost free from the clutches of HW/SW manufacturers. Otherwise we'll be still paying dearly for Apple-IBM war. The "New Guard" is again trying to close the market somewhat and tie OS to specific devices but luckily without too much restrictions for SW developers but suddenly putting them into unknown territory and looks like they'll need some time to do more than just mere porting of APPS from other systems.
So if you ask me, "Balmer, blame is thy name.)
My question for 8.1 is why was WEI, the Libraries and the native drive imaging utility were removed when they were still on Windows 8 when those are useful features that pose no harm? Otherwise 8.1 would in all aspects (except privacy because of the integrated Bing search feature) will be better than 8?
After receiving nice replies after I said goodbye convinced me that I should not give up so I am back to windows 8. I don't mind eating crow. I am now using thunderbird for email & classic shell for start menu & bypassing the metro on start up. Very seldom will I have a reason to open the metro....
A update on windows. Enough is enough!!!!!! After 2 weeks I uninstalled windows 8 & went back to windows 7. I tried to like it but life is too short. I enjoyed reading this forum & will miss it but not windows8. jimjoh |
Ottawa Senators forward Bobby Ryan opened up about his recovery from alcohol on Friday while meeting with the media for the first time since entering the NHL/NHLPA player assistance program in November.
After trying to deal with the issue on his own, Ryan said his decision to reach out for help spearheaded his journey to recovery.
"I was trying to white knuckle things and doing things the wrong way," Ryan told reporters, per the team. "I'd have 20 days of nothing and one real bad one and you just can't get better without (help). There's a stigma around asking for help and I was trying to do it.
"I just had never had a period in my life where people were around me to kind of help me really stop and it took going somewhere to figure that out and getting myself I guess a dry period to start, that was very beneficial for me."
The 32-year-old said his issue with alcohol is something he's been dealing with for a long time. Ryan knew if he didn't get help, his troubles would only continue to spiral.
"I had a lot of times where I woke up in the mornings overridden with guilt, shame, and saying I would do it and do it for 12 days and then messing up again. It had no good end."
When asked if his story could serve as inspiration for those in need, Ryan offered an important message.
"If there's anybody that I guess hears it in some sense and can recognize something and kind of find a way to ask for help, hopefully less publicly, then I urge them to do it and I guess there's some silver lining there."
Ryan, who hasn't played since Nov. 16, returned from the player assistance program on Feb. 5 and said he hopes to get into a game within the next two weeks. |
Max Keebler's Big Move
Director:
Tim Hill
Writers:
Jonathan Bernstein, Mark Blackwell, and James Greer
PG; 97 minutes
Release:
10/01
Cast:
Alex Linz, Nora Dunn, Robert Carradine
For the preteen set, much of the thrill from going to the movies is just that—not the film itself, but the very act of going to the movies. The producers of Max Keeble's Big Move must have been banking on this. Max (Alex Linz) is the young middle school protagonist. He's a little small, and a little unpopular. The school bully, the unprincipled principal, and even the Ice Cream Man are out to get him. When Max learns that his family will be moving to Chicago, he plans an audacious, messy scheme for revenge. The catch is that his father (Robert Carradine) gets inspired by Max's do-it-yourself strength and decides to keep the family in town. |
Q:
Parallel Arrays, Accepting multiple inputs
I'm currently trying to accept input into two arrays simultaneously. The reason being that the data at each position of the array is corresponding, eg. Name and ID number.
String[] arr = new String[5];
int[] arr1 = new int[5];
Scanner kb = new Scanner(System.in);
for(int i = 0; i<5; i++)
{
System.out.println("Enter a name:");
arr[i] = kb.nextLine();
System.out.println("Enter an ID:");
arr1[i] = kb.nextInt();
}
I have this code so far, but whenever i run it, it asks for a name and ID once then asks for both but only will accept ID.
I cant seem to figure out why it doesnt allow the name to be inputted, it just returns an incompatible data type error for that.
A:
From the second iteration your kb.nextLine() that reads name swallows the \n new line character that is inputted to enter the ID integer.
Actual problem is nextInt() leaves char tokens that are not numeric tokens, so they stay in stdin. Whenever any other method tries to read stdin that method takes that input. nextLine method returns after \n, hence the problem.
So change the code like this:
String[] arr = new String[5];
int[] arr1 = new int[5];
Scanner kb = new Scanner(System.in);
for(int i = 0; i<5; i++)
{
System.out.println("Enter a name:");
arr[i] = kb.nextLine();
System.out.println("Enter an ID:");
arr1[i] = kb.nextInt();
kb.nextLine(); //now this swallows new line
}
Or you can use two scanners: If you want there should be no relation as such giving input them...no conflicts not at all... I don't know if that is less efficient.
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.*;
public class Tester {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String[] arr = new String[5];
int[] arr1 = new int[5];
Scanner kb = new Scanner(System.in);
Scanner bc=new Scanner(System.in);
for(int i = 0; i<5; i++)
{
System.out.println("Enter a name:");
arr[i] = kb.nextLine();
System.out.println("Enter an ID:");
arr1[i] = bc.nextInt();
}}
}
|
Go at CoreOS
Go at CoreOS
When we launched the CoreOS project we knew from the very beginning that everything we built would be written in Go. This was not to make a fashion statement, but rather Go happened to be the perfect platform for reaching our goals – to build products that make distributed computing as easy as installing a Linux distro.
It’s been almost 10 years since a new Linux distro hit the scene, and during that time Python was the language of choice. Python had good support for C interop, a large standard library, and was quickly becoming the standard for building user space system tools .
10 years was a long time ago.
CoreOS was designed during the Cloud era with the goal of moving the industry beyond the Cloud deep into distributed computing based on Linux containers and multi core machines. We wanted to build Google’s infrastructure as an open source project that anyone could download and run on their gear.
We needed a language that would enable us to build applications quickly and not get in our way or become a major bottleneck in terms of performance down the road.
Another major factor that made Go an excellent choice was the ability to produce standalone binaries. While this does not sound like a big deal it was huge for us. We wanted to keep CoreOS, our Linux distribution, extremely lightweight and only ship the bits required for running Linux containers. That meant no runtimes such as Ruby, Python, or Perl and their related dependencies would ship by default. That also meant no package manager. As a result our base image checks in around 140MB, and get this, it’s fully bootable!
Finally we knew choosing Go would give us the ability to onboard new developers with very little fuss. Over the last couple of years we have observed that our new hires are able to hit the ground running, even those with little to no Go experience. This is largely because of Go’s simple syntax and focus on straightforward solutions to general programming problems. You’ll often hear people talk about the benefits of gofmt ending tons of bikeshedding; trust me that’s a real thing. We just tell new developers to run gofmt and done.
So far Go has been awesome to work with, but to be honest it has not been a perfect experience. One of the sore spots early on was managing dependencies across projects. I’m pretty sure we tried everything from make files to building our own dependency management tool, but these days we’ve pretty much settled on using godep, which I highely recommend.
CoreOS Projects using Go
While Go is a great language, it does not mean very much if you are not building and shipping stuff. While CoreOS has tons of projects written in Go, I would like to focus on 3 of our major projects: etcd, fleet, and flannel.
etcd
etcd is at the heart of CoreOS – it’s our highly-available key value store for shared configuration and service discovery. Many of our projects leverage etcd for leader election, lock service, and/or configuration. etcd has also been adopted by other projects such as Cloud Foundry, SkyDNS, and Kubernetes for similar use cases.
etcd makes extensive use of the Go standard library and a few third party libraries including gogoprotobuf/proto and net/context, which provides everything we needed to implement the raft protocol, once or twice, and our new persistent datastore backed by a WAL with CRC checksums for data integrity. To the surprise of many, our new raft implementation is pretty lightweight and easy to navigate.
When it comes to performance, so far so good, Go’s GC has not been an issue.
fleet
fleet ties together systemd and etcd into a distributed init system. Think of it as an extension of systemd that operates at the cluster level instead of the machine level.
fleet is interesting because it plays a big role in a CoreOS cluster; it’s the default solution for scheduling long running jobs (applications) and provides a lightweight machine database for tracking cluster inventory. fleet runs on every machine, which means it’s absolutely critical that fleet does not consume more resources than necessary. To our delight fleet only consumes about 15MB of RAM and a fraction of the CPU during normal operation.
flannel
One of the newest projects in the CoreOS stack is flannel, an etcd backed overlay network fabric for Linux containers. When we set out to build flannel, time to market was absolutely critical, and doing what startups do, we put one of our newest engineers on the project. He had little Go experience, but to be fair, he is a pretty bad-ass C/C++ developer with great low level skills. He was able to build and ultimately ship his vision for flannel while learning Go. With the help of code reviews the project came out pretty nice, idiomatic Go and all. The language was not a blocker and allowed us to make a new team member effective almost immediately.
flannel is also one of the projects where we really got to leverage Go’s ability to handle low system stuff. When flannel initially shipped we only had UDP encapsulation, and if you know anything about networking that means we had to take a huge performance hit by doing everything in user-space.
In a short time period we were able to add native VXLAN support to flannel which allows us to use in-kernel VXLAN to encapsulate the packets between containers. This resulted in a dramatic performance boost, and we did not have to refactor the project to do it, or switch to another language or runtime.
Conclusion
Go has been and continues to be the go to programming language for CoreOS. We have been very fortunate to live in the sweet spot for the language. Our focus is on building simple tools to solve a large variety of infrastructure automation tasks, and high performance components for distributed systems. So far Go has not let us down and we are anxiously looking forward to all the new stuff we plan on shipping next year. Using Go of course. |
Q:
Select with values and IDs inside an ag-grid cell?
I am very new to ag-grid and am evaluating it.
My project's data has multiple lookup tables (i.e. A Foo has a category of Bar, a Brand of Baz and a Class of Boo) that I would like to be able to edit in the ag-grid. Unfortunately, those lookup tables are not in my control and I do not always have sequential IDs.
Example:
Foo has a Class
Class can be one of the following:
ID - Value
2 - Test
3 - UAT
6 - Unknown
9 - Production
15 - Development
I can't control the IDs or the Values.
So if I put in the agSelectCellEditor, can I somehow tell it to display the values, but collect the IDs?
Has someone else got a better idea on how I can collect the Class, Brand, etc?
ETA:
From the ag-grid site (https://www.ag-grid.com/javascript-grid-cell-editing/#agselectcelleditor-agpopupselectcelleditor):
colDef.cellEditor = 'agSelectCellEditor';
colDef.cellEditorParams = {
values: ['English', 'Spanish', 'French', 'Portuguese', '(other)']
}
This is what I've tried, but I can't get the IDs back out here. Maybe someone else has a better idea or has implemented this before.
Thank you for helping an ag-grid noob.
A:
You can do it by creating a custom cell editor.
Component:
drop.down.editor.ts
import {AfterViewInit, Component, ViewChild, ViewContainerRef} from "@angular/core";
import {ICellEditorAngularComp} from "ag-grid-angular";
@Component({
selector: 'dropdown-cell-editor',
templateUrl: "drop.down.editor.html"
})
export class DropDownEditor implements ICellEditorAngularComp, AfterViewInit {
private params: any;
public value: number;
private options: any;
@ViewChild('input', {read: ViewContainerRef}) public input;
agInit(params: any): void {
this.params = params;
this.value = this.params.value;
this.options = params.options;
}
getValue(): any {
return this.value;
}
ngAfterViewInit() {
window.setTimeout(() => {
this.input.element.nativeElement.focus();
})
}
}
drop.down.editor.html
<select #input [(ngModel)]="value">
<option *ngFor="let item of options" value="{{item.value}}">{{item.name}}</option>
</select>
then add the module declaration
@NgModule({
imports: [ ... , AgGridModule.withComponents( [DropDownEditor]) ],
declarations: [ ..., DropDownEditor ]
})
then use it in the column definition
{
headerName: "Drop down",
field: "dropdown",
cellEditorFramework: DropDownEditor,
editable: true,
cellEditorParams: {
options: [{
name: "First Option",
value: 1
},
{
name: "Second Option",
value: 2
}
]
}
}
Full example here
|
Inflammatory response and barrier properties of a new alveolar type 1-like cell line (TT1).
To evaluate the inflammatory response and barrier formation of a new alveolar type 1-like (transformed type I; TT1) cell line to establish its suitability for toxicity and drug transport studies. TT1 and A549 cells were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Secretion of inflammatory mediators was quantified by ELISA. The barrier properties of TT1 cells were evaluated by transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), fluorescein sodium (flu-Na) apparent permeability (P(app)) and staining of zona occludens-1 (ZO-1). LPS stimulated similar levels of secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 in TT1 and A549 cells. TNF-alpha was not produced by either cell line. In contrast to A549 cells, TT1 cells did not secrete SLPI or elafin. TT1 cells produced maximal TEER of approximately 55 ohms cm(2) and flu-Na P(app) of approximately 6.0 x 10(-6) cm/s. ZO-1 staining was weak and discontinuous. Attempts to optimise culture conditions did not increase the barrier properties of the TT1 cell layers. The TT1 cell line models the alveolar inflammatory response to LPS challenge and provides a valuable complement to cell lines currently used in toxicity assays. However, under the experimental conditions used the TT1 cell line did not form the highly restrictive tight junctions which exist in vivo. |
The blockade of the neurotransmitter release apparatus by botulinum neurotoxins.
The high toxicity of the seven serotypes of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT/A to G), together with their specificity and reversibility, includes them in the list A of potential bioterrorism weapons and, at the same time, among the therapeutics of choice for a variety of human syndromes. They invade nerve terminals and cleave specifically the three proteins which form the heterotrimeric SNAP REceptors (SNARE) complex that mediates neurotransmitter release. The BoNT-induced cleavage of the SNARE proteins explains by itself the paralysing activity of the BoNTs because the truncated proteins cannot form the SNARE complex. However, in the case of BoNT/A, the most widely used toxin in therapy, additional factors come into play as it only removes a few residues from the synaptosomal associate protein of 25 kDa C-terminus and this results in a long duration of action. To explain these facts and other experimental data, we present here a model for the assembly of the neuroexocytosis apparatus in which Synaptotagmin and Complexin first assist the zippering of the SNARE complex, and then stabilize and clamp an octameric radial assembly of the SNARE complexes. |
Ag in the Courtroom
John Dillard grew up on a beef cattle farm and now works as an agricultural and environmental litigation attorney with OFW Law. His blog analyzes legal issues and court decisions that affect America’s farmers and ranchers.
Environmentalists, Glyphosate and Butterflies
Feb 26, 2014
Natural Resource Defense Council (NRDC) has petitioned EPA to restrict the use of glyphosate herbicide to protect the dwindling population of the monarch butterfly. The petition states that the rapid adoption of glyphosate-resistant (Roundup Ready®) corn and soybeans in the Midwest has depleted the milkweed "community," which serves as the exclusive food source for monarch butterfly larvae along the route of its annual migration from Canada to Mexico.
NRDC petitioned EPA under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). FIFRA requires EPA to register each pesticide used in the U.S. and set parameters for the pesticide’s use, such as target species, labeling requirements, and restrictions on use. Each pesticide must undergo a re-registration process every 15 years. The current glyphosate re-registration process will be completed in 2015; however, NRDC has requested EPA take action to restrict the use of glyphosate prior to the scheduled completion of the re-registration process.
Under FIFRA, EPA can register a pesticide only if it first determines that the pesticide "will perform its intended function without unreasonable adverse effects on the environment." FIFRA defines an unreasonable adverse effect on the environment to include "any unreasonable risk to . . . the environment, taking into account the economic, social, and environmental costs and benefits of the use of any pesticide." In its petition, NRDC argues that the loss of milkweed communities brought about by increased glyphosate use has brought about unreasonable adverse effects on the environment because it has decreased monarch butterfly habitat.
It is hard to tell if EPA will take any action on NRDC’s petition. While NRDC may have a feasible argument that the increased use of glyphosate is adversely affecting the monarch butterfly population, the law requires EPA to consider the costs and benefits of pesticide use. When viewed objectively, there are a tremendous amount of environmental benefits provided by glyphosate-resistant technology. The most striking benefit is the increased use of no-till or reduced till practices, which decreases soil erosion, water pollution, and fossil fuel use and improves carbon sequestration. Additionally, glyphosate replaces the use of other pesticides that pose larger environmental risks.
Farmers have been trying to get rid of milkweed for as long as they have been planting crops in North America. Now, with the advent of glyphosate-resistant technology, they finally have the tools to effectively control the weed. In other words, if farmers could have eliminated milkweed from agricultural lands prior to Roundup Ready® technology, they would have. I see no reason why farmers should have to handicap themselves to set aside a portion of their land for milkweed habitat, or more dramatically, give up glyphosate as a weed-control tool, simply to protect one species of butterfly.
To their credit, NRDC’s petition does identify some alternatives to an outright ban on glyphosate or mandatory refuges (like those in place for Bt corn and cotton). While NRDC is not necessarily concerned about a farmer’s need to control weeds, it does suggest that EPA could solve the butterfly problem by restricting glyphosate use in some non-agricultural applications, such as roadside ditches and electric line right-of-ways. If EPA does seriously consider NRDC’s petition, this option may be the right one to take for agriculture. Roads and power line right-of-ways could provide a corridor of travel for the monarch butterfly without imposing a burden on agricultural uses for glyphosate.
I’ll be following this issue and will update you if there are any developments.
John Dillard is an attorney with Olsson Frank Weeda Terman Matz P.C. (OFW Law), a Washington, DC-based firm that serves agricultural clients and clients with issues before federal and state courts, EPA, FDA, USDA, and OSHA. John focuses his practice on agricultural and environmental law. He occasionally tweets at @DCAgLawyer. This column is not a substitute for legal advice. |
Adventure Apparel
Some newbies out there may think that you can wear just about anything in the great outdoors; that isn’t the case! There is a reason hiking pants have zip off shorts and come in khaki and olive tones… and “wicking tops” are a must have addition to your wardrobe!
Are you tired of being too hot, or too cold? Strange tan lines? Bug bites? Read on and learn all about hiking clothes. |
Q:
Doesn't a box holding a vacuum weigh the same as a box full of air?
This was recently brought up, and I haven't been able to conclude a solid answer.
Let's say we have two identical boxes (A and B) on Earth, both capable of holding a vacuum and withstanding 1 atm outside acting upon them.
A is holding a vacuum, while B is filled with air (at 1 atm). Shouldn't they weigh the same as measured by a scale?
Current thought process
The following thought experiment suggests they'd have the same weight, but I haven't formulaically shown this — and everyone has disagreed so far.
Take a box like B (so it's full of 1 atm air) and place it on a scale. Here's a cross section:
+------------+
| |
| |
| | <-- B box
| |
+------------+
***********************
| | <-- scale
Now, taking note of the scale readings, start gradually pushing down the top "side" (rectangle/square) of the box (assume the air can somehow escape out of the box as we push down)
| |
+------------+
| |
| |
| |
+------------+
***********************
| |
Then
| |
| |
+------------+
| |
| |
+------------+
***********************
| |
etc., until the top side is touching the bottom of the box (so the box no longer has any air between the top and bottom sides):
| |
| |
| |
| |
+------------+
+------------+
***********************
| |
It seems to me that:
1) pushing the top of the box down wouldn't change the weight measured by the scale.
2) the state above (where the top touches the bottom) is equivalent to having a box like A (just a box holding a vacuum).
Which is how I arrived to my conclusions that they should weigh the same.
What am I missing, if anything? What's a simple-ish way to model this?
A:
The buoyant force on a body immersed in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces. In other words,
$$
F_B = -\rho_{\text{fluid}} V_{\text{body}} ~g
$$
The force of gravity on the body is equal to
$$
F_g = m_{\rm body} ~g
$$
The apparent weight of this body will therefore be equal to the sum of these two forces.
$$
W_{\rm app} = -\rho_{\rm fluid} V_{\rm body}~g + m_{\rm body} ~g
$$
When you add air into a box full of vacuum an evacuated box, the mass of the body (which is now $m_{\rm box} + m_{\rm air}$) increases, but the volume still stays the same. Therefore $W_{\rm app}$ must increase.
A:
Just my two cents to complement the other answers. The mistake in your reasoning is that:
the state above (where the top touches the bottom) is equivalent to having a box like A (just a box holding a vacuum).
is incorrect, it rather equivalent to a box full of air (there is air in between the walls, regardeless of the vertical position of the top). In the vaccumm case there is no air in between.
The buoyancy increase when ther is vaccum can be explained intuitively in the following way. See the two boxes in the picture below. When there is air inside the box, the air preasure acts on the two sides of each surface, and thus it cancels. When there is vacuum, there is preasure in only on one side of the surfaces, and the preasure at the bottom is higher than that at the top ($\Delta p =\rho_{air} g h$), so they do not cancell and the net force of the air is upwards. That is why the balance reads less.
A:
1) Technically while you push it down it will cause an increase in pressure (so the weight will change) but assuming the box has a hole and the air can equalise then the weight of your initial and end state will be the same. This is because the air is equalised within the box at all stages and at the end state the air that was in the box is now above it.
2) This is wrong, the collapsed box is not equal to a box with a vacuum in it. This is because there is a pressure difference between the two boxes. One has air above it (and is equal to air pressure) the other has a vacuum in it (and is less than air pressure, that is, absence of preasure).
Note that air has weight but because it is a gas (with molecules travelling in random directions) the force of gravity is spread out over the directions of the molecules and results in an increase in air pressure the lower you are in the atmosphere. So the weight of air does not act directly downwards, it results in higher air pressure (which acts in all directions).
|
Q:
Show $\sum_\limits{n=1}^{\infty}(1+\frac{1}{n})^{n^2}z^n$ is convergent.
Show that the following series converge on $\mathbb{C}$:
$\sum_\limits{n=1}^{\infty}(1+\frac{1}{n})^{n^2}z^n$ where $z\in\mathbb{C}$ is a variable.
I applied the Abel Dirichlet´s test:
If I choose $|z|<1$ then $\lim_{n\to\infty}z^n=0$
However my problem lies with $\sum_\limits{n=1}^{\infty}(1+\frac{1}{n})^{n^2}$ that I am trying to prove its sum can be majored.
I have tried several tests (root test,ratio test,Weierstrass test). All seem to fail. I noticed that $\lim_{n\to\infty}(1+\frac{1}{n})^{n^2}=e^2>1$
However I am supposed to prove $\sum_\limits{n=1}^{\infty}(1+\frac{1}{n})^{n^2}z^n$ is convergent.
Question:
How should I prove it? What am I doing wrong?
A:
Using the root test:
$$
\lim_{n\to\infty}\root n\of{|(1 + 1/n)^{n^2}z^n|} =
\lim_{n\to\infty}{(1 + 1/n)^n}|z| = e|z|
$$
and the series is convergent for $|z| < 1/e$.
|
Q:
Input multiple files in python using * via the command line
I am trying to create a python script that can receive multiple files as input through a command line.
Right now I am working with a method of using one file as input:
I would presently call the function using: python function_name.py input_file.txt
Using code that looks like this:
import sys
def function_name():
input = sys.argv[1]
with open(input,'r') as afile:
read_data = afile.read()
if __name__ == '__main__':
function_name()
But how can I use all of the .txt files in the current directory as input?
i.e.: python function_name.py *.txt
OR: python function_name.py ./*/*.txt
I would like to perform the same actions on each input file.
A:
sys.argv is a list of arguments passed to the script. The first will be the name of the script (scriptname.py), and the rest will be whatever you type after it.
If you run python function_name.py *.txt, this will be expanded by the shell, to python function_name.py 1.txt 2.txt blah.txt wibble.com.exe.extension.txt (or whatever filenames you have in this directory.
So, I would do something like this:
def function_name():
for filename in sys.argv[1:]:
print "You specified %s on the commandline - do something with it here!" % filename
The [1:] part means, ignore any parameters before index 1 (i.e. start at the second), or you will be processing your python script!
As a rule of thumb, I would probably pass this as a parameter to the function, so:
import sys
def function_name(filestoprocess):
for input in filestoprocess:
print "Processing %s" % input
with open(input,'r') as afile:
read_data = afile.read()
if __name__ == '__main__':
function_name(sys.argv[1:])
|
924 N.E.2d 672 (2010)
Donnell JONES, Appellant-Defendant,
v.
STATE of Indiana, Appellee-Plaintiff.
No. 49A02-0909-CR-850.
Court of Appeals of Indiana.
April 12, 2010.
*673 Ruth Johnson, Marion County Public Defender, Corey L. Scott, Deputy Public Defender, Indianapolis, IN, Attorneys for Appellant.
Gregory F. Zoeller, Attorney General of Indiana, James E. Porter, Deputy Attorney General, Indianapolis, IN, Attorneys for Appellee.
OPINION
KIRSCH, Judge.
Donnell Jones ("Jones") appeals his conviction for carrying a handgun without a license[1] as a Class C felony. Jones raises the following issue, which we restate as: whether the evidence is sufficient to establish beyond a reasonable doubt that Jones had the requisite intent to constructively possess the handgun at issue.
We reverse.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
On February 2, 2008, Jones, who was a mechanic at Hunt's Automotive in Indianapolis, Indiana, was driving a customer's 1990 Jeep Cherokee on North Sherman Drive. Since Jones's vehicle had broken down, he decided to test-drive the customer's *674 vehicle on his way home from work. Jones had consumed alcohol at work and continued to do so on his way home.
Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Detective Alfred Watson, who was using a radar device, observed Jones driving the Jeep at a speed of fifty-two miles-per-hour in a thirty-five mile-per-hour zone. Detective Watson stopped the vehicle and observed Jones "reaching in the rear seat around the rear floorboard and around the front floorboard of the vehicle." Tr. at 11. As Detective Watson approached the driver's side door of the vehicle, Jones drove away. Detective Watson pursued Jones and stopped him again. The officer observed that Jones had a very strong odor of alcoholic beverage about his person, had bloodshot eyes, and had slurred speech. Detective Watson observed open containers of alcoholic beverages lying on the front passenger floorboard and behind the driver's seat. When a computer check was conducted on Jones's information, Detective Watson learned that Jones's license was suspended for a prior conviction.
When Jones complied and exited the vehicle at the officer's request, he was too intoxicated to perform any field sobriety tests. Detective Watson placed Jones in handcuffs, at which time Jones became belligerent and threatened the officer. Jones was placed under arrest and transported to the Arresting Processing Center. Detective Watson began an inventory of the vehicle and found a Bryco 380 handgun under the driver's seat. The handgun was located "right under the front portion of the seat." Id.
The State charged Jones with operating a vehicle while intoxicated as a Class A misdemeanor, driving while suspended as a Class A misdemeanor, carrying a handgun without a license as a Class A misdemeanor, and carrying a handgun without a license as a Class C felony. Jones did not challenge the operating a vehicle while intoxicated count and was found guilty by the trial court of that offense. The trial court found insufficient evidence to support the driving while suspended count and found Jones not guilty of that offense. The trial court found Jones guilty of carrying a handgun without a license as a Class C felony, and sentenced Jones to one year executed for the operating a vehicle while intoxicated conviction, and to five years executed for the carrying a handgun without a license conviction to be served concurrently. Jones now appeals.
DISCUSSION AND DECISION
Our standard of review for a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence is well-settled. When reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence to support a conviction, we must consider only the probative evidence and reasonable inferences supporting the conviction. Boyd v. State, 889 N.E.2d 321, 325 (Ind.Ct.App.2008). We do not assess witness credibility or reweigh the evidence. Id. We consider conflicting evidence most favorably to the trial court's ruling. Id. We affirm the conviction unless "no reasonable fact-finder could find the elements of the crime proven beyond a reasonable doubt." Id. The evidence is sufficient if an inference may reasonably be drawn from it to support the conviction. Id. "Where the evidence of guilt is essentially circumstantial, the question for the reviewing court is whether reasonable minds could reach the inferences drawn by the jury; if so, there is sufficient evidence." Whitney v. State, 726 N.E.2d 823, 825 (Ind.Ct.App.2000). Further, we need not determine if the circumstantial evidence is capable of overcoming every reasonable hypothesis of innocence, but whether the inferences may be reasonably drawn from that evidence which supports the conviction beyond a reasonable doubt. *675 Bustamante v. State, 557 N.E.2d 1313, 1318 (Ind.1990).
In order to convict Jones of carrying a handgun without a license, the State was required to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Jones carried a handgun on or about his body without a license. Ind.Code § 35-47-2-1. Further the State had to establish that Jones had actual or constructive possession of the handgun. Grim v. State, 797 N.E.2d 825, 831 (Ind.Ct. App.2003). In order to establish actual possession, the State must show that the defendant had direct physical control over the handgun. Bradshaw v. State, 818 N.E.2d 59, 62 (Ind.Ct.App.2004). In order to establish constructive possession, the State must show that the defendant had both the intent and capability to maintain dominion and control over the handgun. Id. at 62-63. That showing inherently involves establishing that the defendant had knowledge of the handgun's presence. Grim, 797 N.E.2d at 831.
Jones was on his way home while test-driving a customer's car at the time of the traffic stop. Our Supreme Court has stated that in the context of exclusive possession, the issue is not ownership but possession. Goliday v. State, 708 N.E.2d 4, 6 (Ind.1999). Therefore, Jones's argument that the Jeep was not his fails, as his possession of the Jeep at the time of the stop is dispositive. Whitney, 726 N.E.2d at 826.
Further, Jones's exclusive possession of the Jeep is some evidence from which we might ordinarily find an inference that he was aware of the handgun in the Jeep. However, here, the handgun was under the driver's seat of a customer's vehicle that Jones chose to test-drive on his way home from work. In cases such as this, where the driver does not have exclusive possession of the vehicle for a long period of time before the handgun is found, we are hesitant to impute possession of the handgun solely on control of the vehicle as evidence of intent. See Whitney, 726 N.E.2d at 826 (will not impute evidence of intent to possess hidden contraband based solely on exclusive possession of borrowed vehicle). Examination of additional circumstantial evidence of guilty knowledge is necessary to establish intent. Id. (citing United States v. Richardson, 848 F.2d 509, 513 (5th Cir.1988)).
Additional circumstances may include: (1) incriminating statements by the defendant; (2) attempted flight or furtive gestures; (3) a drug manufacturing setting; (4) proximity of the defendant to the drugs or weapons; (5) drugs or weapons in plain view; and (6) location of the drugs or weapons in proximity to items owned by the defendant. Ladd v. State, 710 N.E.2d 188, 190 (Ind.Ct.App.1999).
Here, Jones made no incriminating statements about the handgun that was recovered under the driver's seat of the Jeep during an inventory of the vehicle. The activity described by the officer as furtive gestures were described as "reaching in the rear seat around the rear floorboard and around the front floorboard of the vehicle." Tr. at 11. The evidence shows that the open bottle of gin was located on the hump on the front passenger side of the Jeep, three or four unopened beer cans were located on the front floorboard and front passenger seat, while an open beer can was located on the rear floorboard behind the driver's seat. A cup of lime juice was located next to the open can of beer. Although Jones testified that he had no knowledge of the handgun and that he was trying to hide the alcohol from the officer, the trial court discredited Jones's testimony about his actions based on Jones's inability to recall being pulled *676 over the first time. The owner of the vehicle did not testify at trial.
We find that while the evidence is sufficient to establish that Jones was guilty of operating a vehicle while intoxicated, the evidence is insufficient to establish beyond a reasonable doubt that Jones had the requisite intent to constructively possess the handgun at issue. We find that the circumstantial evidence is inadequate to support an inference of intent to carry a handgun without a license beyond a reasonable doubt.
Reversed.
FRIEDLANDER, J., and ROBB, J., concur.
NOTES
[1] See Ind.Code § 35-47-2-1.
|
Adult Variant of Self-healing Cutaneous Mucinosis in a Patient with Epilepsy.
A 52-year-old woman was admitted with a 3 weeks history of periorbital edema and lips swelling. She developed several subcutaneous firm erythematous papules and nodules on the face, scalp and two indurated plaques on the upper back and left forearm. These lesions grew rapidly. The patient had a positive history of epileptic seizures since childhood. General examination was normal. There was a mild pitting edema on her hands and feet. Laboratory data were within normal limits. Histopathological examination revealed a well circumscribed accumulation of mucin in the dermis. Alcian blue stain was positive. Clinical and histopathological findings followed by spontaneous resolution of the lesions within a period of 4 months was compatible with diagnosis of self-healing cutaneous mucinosis. Herein we report the first case of self-healing cutaneous mucinosis associated with epilepsy. |
Q:
CSS Floating ScrollTop button Not Clickable on top of iframe
i have floating button with fixed position, but when button position location over an iframe (disqus or etc) i cant click my button. How i can make that button clickable when positioned over iframe? i set my z-index 9999 on button and z-index 1 on iframe but still cant get it work.
| |
| |
| |
| Very Tall Iframe |
|------ |
|Button| |
|------ |
.CSS
.up {
z-index: 9999;
display: block;
position: fixed;
bottom: 70px;
right: 23px;
padding: 0;
overflow: hidden;
outline: none;
border: none;
border-radius: 2px;
}
iframe {
width: 1px !important;
min-width: 100% !important;
border: none !important;
overflow: hidden !important;
height: 1973px !important;
z-index: 1;
A:
It do work in my browser
.up {
z-index: 9999;
display: block;
position: fixed;
bottom: 70px;
right: 23px;
padding: 0;
overflow: hidden;
outline: none;
border: none;
border-radius: 2px;
}
iframe {
width: 1px !important;
min-width: 100% !important;
border: none !important;
overflow: hidden !important;
height: 1973px !important;
z-index: 1;
}
<iframe></iframe>
<button class="up" onclick="alert('success')">Button</button>
|
Mainland China nurses' willingness to report to work in a disaster.
A cross-sectional study among a convenience sample of nurses in China was conducted to understand the factors affecting Chinese nurses' willingness to report to work in a disaster. A total of 946 questionnaires were collected. Nearly 90 percent of nurses regarded disaster self-help information, an evacuation plan, and contingency measures a must in preparing for disaster care. Many nurses indicated willingness to work during a disaster that may threaten the safety of their family members than when there is a life-threatening infectious disease outbreak (83.6 and 69.6 percent, p = 0.000). Nurses with longer years of clinical experience were more willing to work in both situations (p = 0.014 and 0.000). Fear of contracting an infectious disease and spreading it to family members was a major factor for nurses' unwillingness to report to work. Hospital administrators should understand their workforce's willingness in reporting to work and provide appropriate disaster training and support to maximize workforce in a disaster. |
12 ways to show someone that you love them
Even though we don’t celebrate Valentine’s Day, we still celebrate and nurture our love and relationship.
Here’s 12 things my boyfriend does that – to me – is a sign that he really loves me (:
1. He makes me cocoa every morning. He’s been doing this since we moved in together and even when he’s running late, he still makes time to make me cocoa.
2. He gives me spontaneous hugs. I’m not really a huggy kind of person (as in, really) but since the first time he hugged me it’s made me feel all warm and fuzzy inside.
3. He takes the kid in the morning so that I can get another half hour/hour of sleep. Until you have kids you won’t be able to fully appreciate how much this shows love.
4. He buys me little gifts. Now, I’m not material and I don’t expect nor really want flowers and jewelry. But he buys me things like Doctor Who and Supernatural stuff, just because he knows it’ll make me happy.
5. He always lets me pick the movie in the end. Even if I can hear that he’d actually rather watch something else.
6. He let’s me warm my cold feet on him when we go to bed. This might not sound like such a big deal but my feet are worse than Antarctica. Seriously, I can’t even touch them against each other because it makes me feel like dying! So yup, definitely love!
7. He sleeps in the same bed as me every night without ever complaining or killing me. I toss and turn like a crazy person and more often than not we wake up because I’m seconds away from pushing him off the bed… (not on purpose, of course!)
8. He always leaves the last piece for me. No matter if it’s chocolate or the last snack in the fridge, he always refuses to take it if there’s no more left because he’d rather I have it.
9. He always picks up my packages. And I order a lot of stuff online. A lot.
10. He’s always willing to try out my weird suggestions, whether it be a new piece of furniture or watching a TV show that I’m a big fan of.
11. He tells me every day that I’m beautiful. Even when I look like an ogre who just got out of bed.
12. He tells me that he loves me. And while this may seem pretty given, it’s not to all people. A lot of people forget to say it to their boyfriends, girlfriends, brothers, sisters and kids, but he always remembers to tell me <3
How does your better half show you love? How do you show people that you love them? (:
Because I’m single I haven’t celebrated the day at all either, but getting cozy with a cat and spend a lot of time with Mulder & Scully is also fine!
I think it’s the small things that really counts in the end and your boyfriend sound amazing! 🙂
When life gives you lemons chuck them back and find an adventure, 'cause life isn't waiting for you and you can't wait for life.
I've sworn that 2014 will be the year I take back control of my life, while letting go of it completely at the same time, and I'm looking forward to seeing what the year brings for me. |
// Targeted by JavaCPP version 1.5.4: DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
package org.bytedeco.ale;
import java.nio.*;
import org.bytedeco.javacpp.*;
import org.bytedeco.javacpp.annotation.*;
import static org.bytedeco.javacpp.presets.javacpp.*;
import static org.bytedeco.ale.global.ale.*;
/**
A cartridge is a device which contains the machine code for a
game and handles any bankswitching performed by the cartridge.
@author Bradford W. Mott
@version $Id: Cart.hxx,v 1.19 2007/06/14 13:47:50 stephena Exp $
*/
@NoOffset @Properties(inherit = org.bytedeco.ale.presets.ale.class)
public class Cartridge extends Device {
static { Loader.load(); }
/** Pointer cast constructor. Invokes {@link Pointer#Pointer(Pointer)}. */
public Cartridge(Pointer p) { super(p); }
/**
Create a new cartridge object allocated on the heap. The
type of cartridge created depends on the properties object.
<p>
@param image A pointer to the ROM image
@param size The size of the ROM image
@param props The properties associated with the game
@param settings The settings associated with the system
@return Pointer to the new cartridge object allocated on the heap
*/
/**
Create a new cartridge
*/
/**
Destructor
*/
/**
Query some information about this cartridge.
*/
public static native @StdString BytePointer about();
/**
Save the internal (patched) ROM image.
<p>
@param out The output file stream to save the image
*/
public native @Cast("bool") boolean save(@Cast("std::ofstream*") @ByRef Pointer out);
/** MGB: Added to drop warning on overloaded save() method. */
public native @Cast("bool") boolean save(@ByRef Serializer out);
/**
Lock/unlock bankswitching capability.
*/
public native void lockBank();
public native void unlockBank();
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// The following methods are cart-specific and must be implemented
// in derived classes.
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/**
Set the specified bank.
*/
public native void bank(@Cast("uInt16") short bank);
/**
Get the current bank.
<p>
@return The current bank, or -1 if bankswitching not supported
*/
public native int bank();
/**
Query the number of banks supported by the cartridge.
*/
public native int bankCount();
/**
Patch the cartridge ROM.
<p>
@param address The ROM address to patch
@param value The value to place into the address
@return Success or failure of the patch operation
*/
public native @Cast("bool") boolean patch(@Cast("uInt16") short _address, @Cast("uInt8") byte value);
/**
Access the internal ROM image for this cartridge.
<p>
@param size Set to the size of the internal ROM image data
@return A pointer to the internal ROM image data
*/
public native @Cast("uInt8*") BytePointer getImage(@ByRef IntPointer size);
public native @Cast("uInt8*") ByteBuffer getImage(@ByRef IntBuffer size);
public native @Cast("uInt8*") byte[] getImage(@ByRef int[] size);
}
|
package com.instacart.formula.integration
import com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat
import com.nhaarman.mockito_kotlin.mock
import org.junit.Before
import org.junit.Test
class FlowReducersTest {
data class TestKey(val value: String)
lateinit var root: Binding<Unit, TestKey>
lateinit var reducers: FlowReducers<TestKey>
@Before fun setup() {
root = mock()
reducers = FlowReducers(root)
}
@Test fun `on backstack change we clear detached contracts`() {
val firstEntry = TestKey("first")
val secondEntry = TestKey("second")
val initialStack = BackStack(listOf(firstEntry, secondEntry))
val backstackEvent = BackStack(listOf(firstEntry))
val newState = reducers.onBackstackChange(backstackEvent).invoke(
FlowState(
backStack = initialStack,
states = mapOf(
firstEntry to KeyState(firstEntry, "state"),
secondEntry to KeyState(secondEntry, "second state")
)
)
)
assertThat(newState.states).hasSize(1)
assertThat(newState.states[firstEntry]).isNotNull()
}
}
|
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a. |
Q:
Need database access for generic C++ on Linux:
I am doing some work using generic C++ on Ubuntu using open source tools. I am on 12.04 LTS - default compiler does not support the C++ 11 standard. (Eventually I will upgrade, but not now)
I'm using GTK+/GTKMM for my GUI work but I need database support and I don't know where to turn - of course there is no database support in native C++.
My databases of choice are SQLite and PostgreSQL. I know Qt has good database support, but I want to avoid using Qt for several reasons (In particular, I don't want to bind everything to the large, specialized, quasi-proprietary Qt framework).
What generic open source libraries are out there that provide support for the database access I need? (I don't really want to write my own database layer...).
A:
You can use libdbi which supports your drivers (sqlite and pgsql, there is also support for mysql, freetds(mssql), oracle, db2, etc).
Unfortunately, there is one catch: libdbi does not have support for prepared statements :(
|
Q:
node-websocket-server TypeError: Argument must be a string
I'm tailing a /var/log/logfile on ubuntu, and getting a TypeError. Works on my local Mac machine /var/log/system.log.
Command:
sudo node server.js /var/log/logfile (must be sudo to view this log file)
Error:
/npm/node_modules/node-websocket-server/lib/ws/connection.js:290
var byteLen = Buffer.byteLength(data, 'utf8'),
^
TypeError: Argument must be a string
at Connection.<anonymous> (/npm/node_modules/node-websocket-server/lib/ws/connection.js:290:26)
at clientWrite (//npm/node_modules/node-websocket-server/lib/ws/server.js:34:12)
at /npm/node_modules/node-websocket-server/lib/ws/server.js:99:7
at Manager.forEach (/npm/node_modules/node-websocket-server/lib/ws/manager.js:125:14)
at Server.broadcast (npm/node_modules/node-websocket-server/lib/ws/server.js:98:13)
at Socket.<anonymous> (/npm/server.js:63:11)
at Socket.emit (events.js:64:17)
at Socket._onReadable (net.js:677:14)
at IOWatcher.onReadable [as callback] (net.js:177:10)
Code:
/*
* server.js
*/
var util = require('util');
var sys = require("sys");
var ws = require("/npm/node_modules/node-websocket-server");
var spawn = require('child_process').spawn;
var filename = process.ARGV[2];
if (!filename)
return sys.puts("Usage: node <server.js> <filename>");
var server = ws.createServer({debug: true});
/*
* After server comes up
*/
server.addListener("listening", function() {
sys.log("Listening for connections on localhost:9997");
});
/*
* Define any port
*/
server.listen(9997);
var tail = spawn("tail", ["-f", filename]);
sys.puts("start tailing");
tail.stdout.on("data", function (data) {
/*
* Send data
*/
server.broadcast(data);
console.log('' + data);
});
A:
At present node-websocket-server only accepts data in the form of Strings, not Buffers. Buffers may be accepted in the future, this is pretty much due to the limitation of framing and the fact that I don't want to be doing large amounts of buffer copying. (It seems irresponsible to write out just 0xFF or 0x00 to a socket).
Also, try doing:
var tail = spawn('tail', ['-f', filename]);
tail.stdout.setEncoding('utf8')
As the streams of stdout and stderr default to no encoding, meaning that the data event emits Buffer objects. As to why this works on your mac but fails on ubuntu, I'm not sure, but doing a quick test just a moment ago, I have both ubuntu and mac giving me buffer objects if I didn't specifically set the encoding of the streams.
|
What do medical students know about in-hospital radiation hazards?
A questionnaire (eight multiple-choice questions) administered to 49 fourth-year medical students from the Limburg State University in the Netherlands shows that several misunderstandings, misconceptions, and erroneous beliefs exist in regard to in-hospital radiation hazards. The authors conclude that it is unlikely that ignorance about this subject is restricted to Dutch medical students. |
### Malyan M300 Build Instructions
Malyan M300 series firmware currently builds using the Arduino IDE. These instructions should
guide you through the configuration and compilation.
1. Install the Arduino IDE from your favorite source (arduino.cc, windows store, app store)
2. Launch the IDE to add the ST boards manager:
- Open the **Preferences** dialog.
- Add this link in the "*Additional Boards Managers URLs*" field:
https://github.com/stm32duino/BoardManagerFiles/raw/master/STM32/package_stm_index.json
- Select "**Show verbose ouptut during: compilation**."
3. Select **Tools** > **Board** > **Boards Manager**.
4. Type "Malyan" into the Search field.
5. The only board listed will be "**STM32 Cores by STMicroelectronics**." Any version from 1.8.0 up is fine. Choose install. This will download many tools and packages, be patient.
6. Open the **Tools** > **Board** submenu, scroll all the way down, and select **3D Printer Boards**.
7. From the **Tools** menu, select a board part number **Malyan M300**:
8. From the **Tools** menu, choose **USB Support** > **CDC No Generic Serial**.
9. Download the latest Marlin source (from the [bugfix-2.0.x](https://github.com/MarlinFirmware/Marlin/tree/bugfix-2.0.x) branch) and unzip it.
10. Look in the `Marlin` subdirectory for the `Configuration.h` and `Configuration_adv.h` files. Replace these files with the configurations in the `config\examples\Malyan\M300` folder.
11. Open the `Marlin/Marlin.ino` file in Arduino IDE.
12. From the **Sketch** menu, select **File** > **Export Compiled Binary**.
13. When compilation is done you've built the firmware. The next stage is to flash it to the board. To do this look for a line like this: `"path/to/bin/arm-none-eabi-objcopy" -O binary "/path/to/Marlin.ino.elf" "/path/to/Marlin.ino.bin"`
The file `Marlin.ino.bin` is your firmware binary. M300 printers require flashing via SD card. Use the SD card that came with the printer if possible. The bootloader is very picky about SD cards. Copy `Marlin.ino.bin` to your SD card under three names: `firmware.bin`, and `fcupdate.flg`.
14. Insert the SD card into your printer. Make sure the X and Y axes are centered in the middle of the bed. (When X and Y endstops are closed this signals a UI upgrade to the bootloader.)
15. Power-cycle the printer. The first flash may take longer. Don't be surprised if the .99 version number doesn't show up until after the UI has launched the default screen.
16. Remove the SD card and delete the `fcupdate.flg` file from the card to prevent an accidental re-flash.
17. Test the endstops and homing directions, run M303 PID autotune, and verify all features are working correctly.
Welcome to Marlin 2.x...
|
1 of
Liege Waffles (Sugar Waffles or "Pearl" Waffles)
1 day 47 minutes
The Liege waffle is by far the most popular type of waffle around the world with a rich vanilla flavour and caramelised sugar coating on the outside, which is a result of the last-minute addition of sugar lumps (pearl sugar) to the dough. Be aware, these are a little "involved" when it comes to preparing but it is well worth it in the end. |
Last updated on .From the section Cricket
Alex Hales was named in England's provisional World Cup squad on 17 April only to be withdrawn 12 days later
The culture of modern white-ball cricket means it is easier for players to slip into recreational drug use, says former professional Simon Hughes.
His comments come after Alex Hales was withdrawn from England's World Cup squad following an "off-field incident" that led to him being suspended.
Hughes said Hales was on "borrowed time" and the England & Wales Cricket Board (ECB) had to drop him.
"You have got to take very severe action," Hughes told BBC Sport.
"Unfortunately he hasn't learned his lesson."
Hales was reportedly suspended for recreational drug use external-link , although the ECB has refused to confirm why the batsman was withdrawn, citing confidentiality concerns.
Test Match Special pundit Hughes said including Hales in an international squad would be "almost condoning taking recreational drugs".
"I suspect they may have wanted to keep this issue out of the public domain. But once it's in the open and everybody knows about it I don't think they had any option," he added.
Hales has played 11 Tests, 70 one-day internationals and 60 Twenty20 matches for England. He is now regarded as a white-ball specialist and in 2018 signed a new contract with Nottinghamshire to play only limited-overs matches until the end of the 2019 season.
He missed Nottinghamshire's One-Day Cup games last week for what the county described as "personal reasons".
He was part of a provisional 15-man squad named for the World Cup and has also been removed from the England squad for the one-day international against Ireland on Friday, as well as the Twenty20 international and ODI series against Pakistan.
The ECB said he had been withdrawn to ensure the team is "free from any distractions".
His management company said in a statement it is "hugely disappointed at the treatment" of Hales for an incident that happened last year.
It said the ECB "insisted on Alex taking certain rehabilitation measures following his suspension" and that, "at every stage, Alex fulfilled his obligations and both he and his representatives were given assurances that any suspension - again under the ECB's guidelines - could not affect his selection for the World Cup".
The statement added: "The fact all those assurances seem to have been rendered meaningless has understandably left Alex devastated. He will take time to reflect on both his actions and the subsequent decisions, but will receive the support from his team he deserves."
It is the second time Hales has been suspended, following his punishment - which also included a fine - for an incident outside a Bristol nightclub in September 2017.
He did not face any criminal charges, while team-mate Ben Stokes was cleared of affray at a trial.
In addition to the incident in Bristol, Hales pleaded guilty to an ECB charge in relation to "inappropriate images".
Hughes said of Hales: "The guy is a very genuine, lovely bloke who tries his best and wants to be a successful cricketer and obviously has been a very successful cricketer.
"The problem occurring with modern-day cricketers is a bit like footballers, especially if they are white ball-only cricketers, which Alex Hales is.
"He isn't actually playing a lot of cricket, so there is a lot of down time to do other things - socialise, play golf, whatever, a bit like footballers - and with the money rolling around in the game it can lure you into taking illicit substances.
"I suppose that's what's happened and it's become a bit of a culture in sport generally which needs stamping out." |
Q:
restful API using node not returning anything
In my server.js I do:-
app.post('/app/getSingleOrderDetail', function(req,res,next){
orderController.getSingleOrderDetail(req.body.order_id);
})
then in models
exports.getSingleOrderDetail = function(order_id, res, res) {
Orders.find({'_id':order_id}).exec(function(err,result){
console.log('result: '+result) //it's ok!!
res.json(result);
});
};
I'm expecting the result with this $http call in angularjs
$http({
url: '/app/getSingleOrderDetail',
method: "POST",
data: {'order_id' : id}
}).then(function(response){
console.log(response.data)
vm.sales_detail = response.data;
}).catch(function(response) {
alert('Error!');
console.log(response);
});
Everything is passed correctly but I just couldn't get the data back to client side in angularjs.
A:
In getSingleOrderDetail you're expecting the arguments (order_id, res, res), When you're invoking the function though, you're only passing in a value to the first argument, order_id and nothing for res. Also, you've defined res twice which is going to cause an issue in your code when trying to access res.
You should fix up those issues like so
Route
app.post('/app/getSingleOrderDetail', orderController.getSingleOrderDetail);
Model
exports.getSingleOrderDetail = function(req, res) {
let order_id = req.body.order_id;
Orders.find({'_id': order_id}).exec(function(err,result) {
if (err) return res.status(500).send(err);
console.log('result: ' + result); //it's ok!!
return res.status(200).json(result);
});
};
Just a side note, from the looks of your route name, this wouldn't be considered RESTful, it would be more of an RPC (Remote Procedure Call) style API.
|
C-terminal region of HBx is crucial for mitochondrial DNA damage.
HBx is strongly associated with hepatocellular carcinoma development through transcription factor activation and reactive oxygen species (ROSs) production. However, the exact role of HBx during hepatocellular carcinogenesis is not fully understood. Recently, it was reported that C-terminal truncated HBx is associated with tumor metastasis. In the present study, we confirmed that the C-terminal region of HBx is required for ROS production and 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) formation, which is considered as a reliable biomarker of oxidative stress. These results suggest ROS production induced by the C-terminal region of HBx leads to mitochondrial DNA damage, which may play a role in HCC development. |
Environmental exposure to lead induces oxidative stress and modulates the function of the antioxidant defense system and the immune system in the semen of males with normal semen profile.
We investigated the associations between environmental exposure to lead and a repertoire of cytokines in seminal plasma of males with normal semen profile according to the WHO criteria. Based on the median lead concentration in seminal plasma, 65 samples were divided into two groups: low (LE) and high exposure to lead (HE). Differences in semen volume and the pH, count, motility and morphology of sperm cells were not observed between the examined groups. The total oxidant status value and the level of protein sulfhydryl groups as well as the activities of manganese superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly higher in the HE group, whereas the total antioxidant capacity value and the activities of glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase were depressed. IL-7, IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-α levels were significantly higher in the HE group compared with the LE group. Environmental exposure to lead is sufficient to induce oxidative stress in seminal plasma and to modulate antioxidant defense system. |
Telangana tribal woman gang-raped, husband assaulted for demanding pending wages
The four accused are presently absconding.
news Crime
A 30-year-old woman from a tribal community in Telangana was allegedly gang-raped for three days by her employer and his friends for seeking pending wages while her husband was tied up in an adjacent room and physically assaulted.
The sexual assault that allegedly started on the night of September 18 went on till September 21 before the woman and her husband managed to escape, and eventually contacted the Rachakonda police a week later.
The woman and her husband are both migrant labourers from Nagarkurnool and were employed with a poultry farm owned by one Prasad Reddy. He had hired the couple in May to manage the poultry with a monthly combined salary of Rs 15,000. Rachakonda police told TNM that the couple received salaries only for two months and were not paid for the months of August and September. In the second week of September, the couple demanded that their pending dues be paid.
On the night of September 18, Prasad Reddy reportedly asked the couple to assist him at his friends' poultry farm as there was an emergency. The accused allegedly took the couple in a car to a building where they were separated and kept in two rooms.
Prasad was joined by three other men who allegedly raped the woman for three days.
The couple managed to escape from where they were confined on September 21, and made their way back to the poultry farm of their employer. Prasad Reddy allegedly threatened to kill the couple if they spoke out about the sexual assault. The couple managed to file an FIR with the Pahadi Shareef police station under the Rachakonda police commissionerate only on September 26.
The police have booked cases against the four accused under charges of gang-rape and sections of the SC/ST Atrocities Act. The four accused are presently absconding.
Police say that the woman's condition is stable but that she has injury marks all over her body due to the assault. The husband, too, has been injured.
"Both the husband and the wife have injuries all over their body but their condition is stable. She has undergone a medical test and we are awaiting results," said Sunpreet Singh, Deputy Commissioner of Police, Rachakonda Commissionerate. |
96 Cal.App.3d 250 (1979)
157 Cal. Rptr. 761
IRENE GRAHAM, Plaintiff and Appellant,
v.
CITY OF BIGGS et al., Defendants and Respondents.
Docket No. 18027.
Court of Appeals of California, Third District.
August 23, 1979.
*252 COUNSEL
Jordan N. Peckham for Plaintiff and Appellant.
Leonard & Lyde and Raymond A. Leonard for Defendants and Respondents.
OPINION
PARAS, J.
Plaintiff appeals the dismissal of her second amended complaint after defendants' demurrers were sustained without leave to amend.
For purposes of appeal we treat the allegations in the complaint as true. (Haggerty v. County of Kings (1953) 117 Cal. App.2d 470, 478 [256 P.2d 393].) They show the following. Plaintiff was raped in her car on March 14, 1977, in Biggs, a community in Butte County. She reported the rape and the identity of the rapist to Officer Michael Long of the Biggs police, who in turn reported it to Chief of Police Dan Tiffee. Although she was in physical pain and emotional distress, Long refused to drive her to the hospital, thereafter compelled her to wait at the hospital for the examining physician to complete his report, then caused her to drive herself home despite the fact that the doctor had given her Valium. She was later caused to pay for the examination.
Tiffee refused to come to the assistance of Long, who called him twice during the evening with requests for help. Tiffee and Police Commissioner Ben L. Pruden (who is also the Mayor of Biggs and a member of the city council) refused to order the questioning of three men who were overheard discussing the rape the same evening. Plaintiff's car was never *253 examined for evidence; nor was the man she identified as the rapist located or questioned. Her complaint to the Biggs City Council elicited a written reply containing factual inaccuracies and implying that she had not been raped. She then filed a claim with the city which was denied by the city council.
The complaint alleges generally that the defendants acted in concert in the performance (or lack thereof) of their official duties, to deny plaintiff due process, equal protection, and the privileges and immunities of citizenship; and that all the acts and omissions were the result of implementation of the policies of the defendant city. Plaintiff alleges she suffers emotional distress, fear of going to public places in Biggs, gross injury to her reputation, and other injury and damage.
(1a) The issue presented to us is whether plaintiff's complaint states a cause of action against the Biggs police (defendants Long, Tiffee and Pruden), city officials and councilmen (defendants Pruden, Eunice Smith, William Callaway, William Carson and Roy Turner), and the city itself. The specific question is whether the action is barred as to any or all the defendants by the immunity provisions of California Tort Claims Act (Gov. Code, tit. 1, div. 3.6). We hold the allegations of the complaint sufficient to state a cause of action for violation of the federal Civil Rights Act of 1871, specifically 42 United States Code sections 1983, 1985(3), and 1986, by each of the named defendants.[1]
*254 (2) The 1871 act, also known as the Ku Klux Act (Monroe v. Pape (1961) 365 U.S. 167, 171 [5 L.Ed.2d 492, 496, 81 S.Ct. 473]), was enacted in response to President Grant's urgent request that Congress pass legislation to "effectually secure life, liberty, and property, and the enforcement of law in all parts of the United States...." (Quoted in Monroe v. Pape, supra, 365 U.S. at p. 173 [5 L.Ed.2d at p. 497].) The momentum behind the bill was supplied by the failure of certain states to enforce the laws evenhandedly. "Vigorously enough are the laws enforced against Union people. They only fail in efficiency when a man of known Union sentiments, white or black, invokes their aid. Then Justice closes the door of her temples." (Senator Pratt of Indiana during the debates. Quoted in Monroe v. Pape, supra, 365 U.S. at p. 178 [5 L.Ed.2d at p. 500].)
(1b) Defendants' failure to enforce the law equally is exactly what plaintiff alleges. Unless barred by the Tort Claims Act, her complaint states a classic cause of action for violation of civil rights. Omissions as well as affirmative acts by the police are actionable under 42 United States Code section 1983 (Azar v. Conley (6th Cir.1972) 456 F.2d 1382, 1387); the same has become true as to municipalities, which are now to be treated as "persons" within the meaning of section 1983 (Monell v. New York City Dept. of Social Services (1978) 436 U.S. 658 [56 L.Ed.2d 611, 98 S.Ct. 2018]). Specific intent to deprive plaintiff of her constitutional rights is not required. (Monroe v. Pape, supra, 365 U.S. at p. 187 [5 L.Ed.2d at p. 505].) The allegations of defendants' actions pursuant to a city policy of nonenforcement of the rape law by cursory investigation contain the necessary "invidiously discriminatory animus" to support a *255 section 1985(3), conspiracy action and a section 1986 action for refusal to prevent. (Griffin v. Breckenridge (1971) 403 U.S. 88 [29 L.Ed.2d 338, 91 S.Ct. 1790]; Azar v. Conley, supra.)[2] Also, contrary to defendants' contention, the complaint contains sufficient factual allegations to support a cause of action.[3] (Code Civ. Proc., § 452.)
(3) We turn now to the immunity issue. The short answer to defendants' contention that sections of the Tort Claims Act (e.g. Gov. Code, §§ 818.2, 820.4)[4] bar plaintiff's suit is the one given by the United States Supreme Court in Monell, supra, 436 U.S. at page 695 [56 L.Ed.2d at page 638, fn. 59]: "This has never been the law." Our own Supreme Court has held the supremacy clause of the United States Constitution (U.S. Const., art. VI, cl. 2), precludes the application of the claim filing requirements of the Tort Claims Act in a 42 United States Code section 1983 action against police officers. (Williams v. Horvath (1976) 16 Cal.3d 834, 842 [129 Cal. Rptr. 453, 548 P.2d 1125].) The general principle is found in a Williams court quotation:
"While it may be completely appropriate for California to condition rights which grow out of local law and which are related to waivers of the sovereign immunity of the state and its public entities, California may not *256 impair federally created rights or impose conditions upon them." (Willis v. Reddin (9th Cir.1969) 418 F.2d 702, 704-705; see also Rossiter v. Benoit (1979) 88 Cal. App.3d 706 [152 Cal. Rptr. 65].)
The judgment is reversed.
Regan, Acting P.J., and Reynoso, J., concurred.
NOTES
[1] 42 United States Code section 1983: "Every person who, under color of any statute, ordinance, regulation, custom, or usage, of any State or Territory, subjects, or causes to be subjected, any citizen of the United States or other person within the jurisdiction thereof to the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws, shall be liable to the party injured in an action at law, suit in equity, or other proper proceeding for redress."
42 United States Code section 1985(3): "If two or more persons in any State or Territory conspire or go in disguise on the highway or on the premises of another, for the purpose of depriving, either directly or indirectly, any person or class of persons of the equal protection of the laws, or of equal privileges and immunities under the laws; or for the purpose of preventing or hindering the constituted authorities of any State or Territory from giving or securing to all persons within such State or Territory the equal protection of the laws; or if two or more persons conspire to prevent by force, intimidation, or threat, any citizen who is lawfully entitled to vote, from giving his support or advocacy in a legal manner, toward or in favor of the election of any lawfully qualified person as an elector for President or Vice President, or as a Member of Congress of the United States; or to injure any citizen in person or property on account of such support or advocacy; in any case of conspiracy set forth in this section, if one or more persons engaged therein do, or cause to be done, any act in furtherance of the object of such conspiracy, whereby another is injured in his person or property, or deprived of having and exercising any right or privilege of a citizen of the United States, the party so injured or deprived may have an action for the recovery of damages, occasioned by such injury or deprivation, against any one or more of the conspirators."
42 United States Code section 1986: "Every person who, having knowledge that any of the wrongs conspired to be done, and mentioned in section 1985 of this title, are about to be committed, and having power to prevent or aid in preventing the commission of the same, neglects or refuses so to do, if such wrongful act be committed, shall be liable to the party injured, or his legal representatives, for all damages caused by such wrongful act, which such person by reasonable diligence could have prevented; and such damages may be recovered in an action on the case; and any number of persons guilty of such wrongful neglect or refusal may be joined as defendants in the action; and if the death of any party be caused by any such wrongful act and neglect, the legal representatives of the deceased shall have such action therefor, and may recover not exceeding $5,000 damages therein, for the benefit of the widow of the deceased, if there be one, and if there be no widow, then for the benefit of the next of kin of the deceased. But no action under the provisions of this section shall be sustained which is not commenced within one year after the cause of action has accrued."
[2] Further, such actions are properly brought in a state court, which has concurrent jurisdiction to enforce federal law in civil actions. (Brown v. Pitchess (1975) 13 Cal.3d 518, 521 [119 Cal. Rptr. 204, 531 P.2d 772].)
[3] The specific allegations we find adequate under the Civil Rights Act are: "On the evening of March 14, 1977, acting Police Chief Tiffee and Police Commissioner Prudent both refused to question or to have questioned three men who were overheard discussing the rape at The Pheasant Club in Biggs, after being notified of the discussion via a telephone call from former Biggs Police Chief Bill Tamagni. Thereafter the Biggs Police Department failed and refused to arrest the person who had committed the rape, or to question him concerning the same, until that person had left Biggs and left the State of California, and otherwise failed and refused to take any steps to prosecute the responsible party, thereby creating by such inaction an atmosphere in the City of Biggs which reasonably causes Plaintiff to believe that she is fair game to anyone who wishes to rape her, and that she is not going to be given any protection therefrom by the authority and process of the law, thereby depriving her of the privileges and immunities of citizenship." The remaining factual allegations, as above summarized, do not demonstrate civil rights violations, whatever else they may signify.
[4] Government Code section 818.2: "A public entity is not liable for an injury caused by adopting or failing to adopt an enactment or by failing to enforce any law."
Government Code section 820.4: "A public employee is not liable for his act or omission, exercising due care, in the execution or enforcement of any law. Nothing in this section exonerates a public employee from liability for false arrest or false imprisonment."
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Chelsea sign Torres for record fee along with David Luiz, Liverpool claim Andy Carroll for £35m
By IBT Staff Reporter On 01/31/11 AT 8:03 PM
Chelsea have signed Fernando Torres for a British record transfer of £50m in a five-and-a-half-year deal which will see him at Stamford Bridge until 2016.
The manner of the payment of the contract is unclear, but it is believed that the Spaniard will claim £175,000-a-week. Torres will wear the No. 9 shirt at Chelsea and is expected to make his debut against his former club Liverpool on Sunday.
He said, I am very happy with my transfer to Chelsea and I am looking forward very much to helping my new team-mates this season and for many years to come. Having played against Chelsea many times since coming to England, and in some very big games I will never forget, I know there are many great players here and I will work hard to win a place in the team. I hope I can score some important goals for the supporters to enjoy this season.
Chelsea chairman Bruce Buck said, 'This is a very significant day for Chelsea, capturing one of the best players in the world with his peak years ahead of him. We have long admired the talents of a player who is a proven goalscorer in English football and Fernando's arrival is a sign of our continuing high ambitious. I hope every Chelsea fan is as excited as I am with this news.'
Chief executive Ron Gourlay added, 'Signing a player of the stature of Fernando Torres benefits the club on many levels. Carlo Ancelotti was keen to add his talents to the squad as we continue our quest for three trophies this season, we are delighted we have succeed with that wish, and this signing will undoubtedly aid the club in realising our worldwide potential.'
Torres will compete with Didier Drogba and Nicolas Anelka for a starting berth at Chelsea. However, his availability could prompt Chelsea manager Carlo Ancelotti to change his tactics. Importantly, the Spaniard is eligible to play in the Champions League.
Chelsea also claimed the services of Brazilian center-back David Luiz from Benefica with a player plus cash deal of £18m up front, with a further £3.5m to be paid in 2013 and Serbian youth midfielder Nemanja Matic moving to the Estádio da Luz.
The 23-year-old Brazilian, who flew to London to complete his medical, will add some much-needed depth to a stretched defence.
Liverpool were the other big spenders on transfer deadline day. In a shocking bit of news, perhaps more so than Torres' transfer, Andy Carroll was confirmed as a Liverpool player after the Merseyside club agreed a five-and-half-year deal with Newcastle United for a record fee of £35m. The deal, which will keep him at Anfield till 2016 was agreed earlier in the day and the deal was subject to a medical, which the striker passed.
Andy Carroll will wear the No.9 shirt for Liverpool, previously adorned by Fernando Torres who moved on to Chelsea.
The deal makes Andy Carroll the most expensive English player in the history of football. He is brought in as a replacement for Torres who was sold to Chelsea just before the close of the transfer window.
Liverpool said in a statement, Andy Carroll has tonight completed his transfer from Newcastle United to Liverpool FC and signed a five-and-a-half-year deal that will keep him at Anfield until 2016.
The club agreed a record transfer fee with Newcastle earlier in the day for the transfer of the England international striker. The deal was subject to the completion of a medical, which the player has now passed. Andy Carroll will wear the No. 9 shirt for Liverpool.
A statement in Newcastle's website said, Andy Carroll has completed his switch to Liverpool for an undisclosed fee. The England international handed in a transfer request to Newcastle on Monday afternoon, which was accepted by the club. Carroll, 22, travelled down to Merseyside for talks with their Premier League rivals and finalised the move to Anfield just before the 11pm transfer window deadline.
Liverpool football club also confirmed the signing of Luis Suarez from Ajax in a five-and-a-half-year deal, which will keep the Uruguayan International at Anfield till 2016. The fee is reported to be around the region of €26.5m which was agreed on Friday. However, the deal was subject to a medical which the player completed on Monday. Suarez has been handed the No.7 shirt for Liverpool, which was once worn by his current manager Kenny Dalglish.
However, the much touted Charlie Adam was valued too much for Liverpool's liking, with their offer of £6.3m falling well short of the £14m asked by Blackpool. |
Quincy Owusu Abeyie, Former Black Stars and Arsenal winger has quit soccer at age 33 to focus on his music ambitions.
The former footballer with the stage name ‘Blow’ has finally released a solo mix tape of his rap songs.
Owusu Abeyie who came through the junior ranks at Arsenal never had a stable home and kept on moving across the world through clubs on the planet.
As part of the Black Stars squad, he featured in the 2008 African Cup of Nations tournament which was hosted by Ghana and is very much remembered for his second half performance against Ivory Coast in the third place match encounter.
On the cover of the EP titled New Chapter is Abeyie, or Blow if you prefer, seated with an Arsenal shirt hung up with “Quincy 54” on the back.
Watch the video below |
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