text stringlengths 8 5.77M |
|---|
Field
This disclosure relates to climate control, and, more particularly, to a climate control assembly.
Background
Temperature modified air for environmental control of living or working space is typically provided to relatively extensive areas, such as entire buildings, selected offices, or suites of rooms within a building. In the case of vehicles, such as automobiles, the entire vehicle is typically cooled or heated as a unit. There are many situations, however, in which more selective or restrictive air temperature modification is desirable. For example, it is often desirable to provide an individualized climate control for an occupant seat so that substantially instantaneous heating or cooling can be achieved. For example, an automotive vehicle exposed to the summer weather, where the vehicle has been parked in an unshaded area for a long period of time, can cause the vehicle seat to be very hot and uncomfortable for the occupant for some time after entering and using the vehicle, even with normal air conditioning. Furthermore, even with normal air-conditioning, on a hot day, the seat occupant's back and other pressure points may remain sweaty while seated. In the winter time, it is highly desirable to have the ability to quickly warm the seat of the occupant to facilitate the occupant's comfort, especially where the normal vehicle heater is unlikely to warm the vehicle's interior as quickly.
For such reasons, there have been various types of individualized climate control systems for vehicle seats. Climate control systems can include a distribution system comprising a combination of channels and passages formed in the cushion of the seat. A thermal module thermally conditions the air and delivers the conditioned air to seat channels and passages. The conditioned air flows through the channels and passages to cool or heat the space adjacent the surface of the vehicle seat. |
Q:
Get Token for Microsoft Graph API in Angular2
Im using this https://github.com/benbaran/adal-angular4-example in my Angular app.
When I use the token from this to access Microsoft Graph API I get the following response
{
"error": {
"code": "InvalidAuthenticationToken",
"message": "Access token validation failure.",
"innerError": {
"request-id": "129e0d25-9553-4d9c-9075-5f82611e1847",
"date": "2017-08-28T09:44:03"
}
}
What are the alternate ways to access Graph API in my Angular app. Libraries or SDK will also help. Thanks in advance.
A:
There are several Angular examples available on GitHub: https://github.com/search?q=angular+sample+user:microsoftgraph&type=Repositories
The error you're getting here could have a number of root causes. One common reason for this error is mixing the v1 and v2 endpoint. Another would be failing to request the proper resource when obtaining the token. To debug the cause I would need to understand a bit more such as where you registered your application, which scopes you requested and which calls you were making into Graph.
|
Cardioprotective effects of (E)-4-hydroxy-N'-(1-(3-oxo-3H-benzo[f]chromen-2-yl)ethylidene)benzohydrazide: a newly synthesized coumarin hydrazone against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in a rat model.
The current study was carried out to evaluate the effect of pretreatment and co-treatment with a newly synthesized coumarin hydrazone, (E)-4-hydroxy-N'-(1-(3-oxo-3H-benzo[f]chromen-2-yl)ethylidene)benzohydrazide (hereinafter EK6), against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats. Changes in biochemistry, cardiac biomarkers, electrocardiography, and histopathology after treatment with EK6 or acenocoumarol (Sintrom) were studied. Animals were randomly divided into 4 groups: vehicle control (C), isoproterenol + Sintrom (ISO + Sin), isoproterenol + EK6 (ISO + EK6), and isoproterenol (ISO). Myocardial infarction was induced by subcutaneous ISO administration at a dose of 85 mg·kg-1·day-1 with a drug-free interval of 24 h on days 6 and 7. Treatment with ISO led to significant elevation (p < 0.05) in serum levels of cardiac injury biomarkers, namely cardiac troponin-T, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase-MB, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase compared with levels in the vehicle control. A change in the lipid profile was also observed as a significant increase in total cholesterol and triglycerides. Furthermore, ISO caused significant alterations in the electrocardiogram pattern, including significant ST-segment elevation, significant decreased R wave amplitude, and significant increase in heart rate (16%) as well as marked changes in the histopathology of the heart tissue. Pretreatment and co-treatment with newly synthesized coumarin hydrazone restored all ISO-induced biochemical, lipid, cardiac, and histopathological changes in rats with myocardial infarction. |
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Generated by the protocol buffer compiler. DO NOT EDIT!
# source: google/ads/googleads_v4/proto/common/user_lists.proto
import sys
_b=sys.version_info[0]<3 and (lambda x:x) or (lambda x:x.encode('latin1'))
from google.protobuf import descriptor as _descriptor
from google.protobuf import message as _message
from google.protobuf import reflection as _reflection
from google.protobuf import symbol_database as _symbol_database
# @@protoc_insertion_point(imports)
_sym_db = _symbol_database.Default()
from google.ads.google_ads.v4.proto.enums import customer_match_upload_key_type_pb2 as google_dot_ads_dot_googleads__v4_dot_proto_dot_enums_dot_customer__match__upload__key__type__pb2
from google.ads.google_ads.v4.proto.enums import user_list_combined_rule_operator_pb2 as google_dot_ads_dot_googleads__v4_dot_proto_dot_enums_dot_user__list__combined__rule__operator__pb2
from google.ads.google_ads.v4.proto.enums import user_list_crm_data_source_type_pb2 as google_dot_ads_dot_googleads__v4_dot_proto_dot_enums_dot_user__list__crm__data__source__type__pb2
from google.ads.google_ads.v4.proto.enums import user_list_date_rule_item_operator_pb2 as google_dot_ads_dot_googleads__v4_dot_proto_dot_enums_dot_user__list__date__rule__item__operator__pb2
from google.ads.google_ads.v4.proto.enums import user_list_logical_rule_operator_pb2 as google_dot_ads_dot_googleads__v4_dot_proto_dot_enums_dot_user__list__logical__rule__operator__pb2
from google.ads.google_ads.v4.proto.enums import user_list_number_rule_item_operator_pb2 as google_dot_ads_dot_googleads__v4_dot_proto_dot_enums_dot_user__list__number__rule__item__operator__pb2
from google.ads.google_ads.v4.proto.enums import user_list_prepopulation_status_pb2 as google_dot_ads_dot_googleads__v4_dot_proto_dot_enums_dot_user__list__prepopulation__status__pb2
from google.ads.google_ads.v4.proto.enums import user_list_rule_type_pb2 as google_dot_ads_dot_googleads__v4_dot_proto_dot_enums_dot_user__list__rule__type__pb2
from google.ads.google_ads.v4.proto.enums import user_list_string_rule_item_operator_pb2 as google_dot_ads_dot_googleads__v4_dot_proto_dot_enums_dot_user__list__string__rule__item__operator__pb2
from google.protobuf import wrappers_pb2 as google_dot_protobuf_dot_wrappers__pb2
from google.api import annotations_pb2 as google_dot_api_dot_annotations__pb2
DESCRIPTOR = _descriptor.FileDescriptor(
name='google/ads/googleads_v4/proto/common/user_lists.proto',
package='google.ads.googleads.v4.common',
syntax='proto3',
serialized_options=_b('\n\"com.google.ads.googleads.v4.commonB\016UserListsProtoP\001ZDgoogle.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/ads/googleads/v4/common;common\242\002\003GAA\252\002\036Google.Ads.GoogleAds.V4.Common\312\002\036Google\\Ads\\GoogleAds\\V4\\Common\352\002\"Google::Ads::GoogleAds::V4::Common'),
serialized_pb=_b('\n5google/ads/googleads_v4/proto/common/user_lists.proto\x12\x1egoogle.ads.googleads.v4.common\x1aHgoogle/ads/googleads_v4/proto/enums/customer_match_upload_key_type.proto\x1aJgoogle/ads/googleads_v4/proto/enums/user_list_combined_rule_operator.proto\x1aHgoogle/ads/googleads_v4/proto/enums/user_list_crm_data_source_type.proto\x1aKgoogle/ads/googleads_v4/proto/enums/user_list_date_rule_item_operator.proto\x1aIgoogle/ads/googleads_v4/proto/enums/user_list_logical_rule_operator.proto\x1aMgoogle/ads/googleads_v4/proto/enums/user_list_number_rule_item_operator.proto\x1aHgoogle/ads/googleads_v4/proto/enums/user_list_prepopulation_status.proto\x1a=google/ads/googleads_v4/proto/enums/user_list_rule_type.proto\x1aMgoogle/ads/googleads_v4/proto/enums/user_list_string_rule_item_operator.proto\x1a\x1egoogle/protobuf/wrappers.proto\x1a\x1cgoogle/api/annotations.proto\"K\n\x13SimilarUserListInfo\x12\x34\n\x0eseed_user_list\x18\x01 \x01(\x0b\x32\x1c.google.protobuf.StringValue\"\xa9\x02\n\x14\x43rmBasedUserListInfo\x12,\n\x06\x61pp_id\x18\x01 \x01(\x0b\x32\x1c.google.protobuf.StringValue\x12q\n\x0fupload_key_type\x18\x02 \x01(\x0e\x32X.google.ads.googleads.v4.enums.CustomerMatchUploadKeyTypeEnum.CustomerMatchUploadKeyType\x12p\n\x10\x64\x61ta_source_type\x18\x03 \x01(\x0e\x32V.google.ads.googleads.v4.enums.UserListCrmDataSourceTypeEnum.UserListCrmDataSourceType\"\xc0\x01\n\x10UserListRuleInfo\x12W\n\trule_type\x18\x01 \x01(\x0e\x32\x44.google.ads.googleads.v4.enums.UserListRuleTypeEnum.UserListRuleType\x12S\n\x10rule_item_groups\x18\x02 \x03(\x0b\x32\x39.google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListRuleItemGroupInfo\"e\n\x19UserListRuleItemGroupInfo\x12H\n\nrule_items\x18\x01 \x03(\x0b\x32\x34.google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListRuleItemInfo\"\xd3\x02\n\x14UserListRuleItemInfo\x12*\n\x04name\x18\x01 \x01(\x0b\x32\x1c.google.protobuf.StringValue\x12V\n\x10number_rule_item\x18\x02 \x01(\x0b\x32:.google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListNumberRuleItemInfoH\x00\x12V\n\x10string_rule_item\x18\x03 \x01(\x0b\x32:.google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListStringRuleItemInfoH\x00\x12R\n\x0e\x64\x61te_rule_item\x18\x04 \x01(\x0b\x32\x38.google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListDateRuleItemInfoH\x00\x42\x0b\n\trule_item\"\xec\x01\n\x18UserListDateRuleItemInfo\x12n\n\x08operator\x18\x01 \x01(\x0e\x32\\.google.ads.googleads.v4.enums.UserListDateRuleItemOperatorEnum.UserListDateRuleItemOperator\x12+\n\x05value\x18\x02 \x01(\x0b\x32\x1c.google.protobuf.StringValue\x12\x33\n\x0eoffset_in_days\x18\x03 \x01(\x0b\x32\x1b.google.protobuf.Int64Value\"\xbd\x01\n\x1aUserListNumberRuleItemInfo\x12r\n\x08operator\x18\x01 \x01(\x0e\x32`.google.ads.googleads.v4.enums.UserListNumberRuleItemOperatorEnum.UserListNumberRuleItemOperator\x12+\n\x05value\x18\x02 \x01(\x0b\x32\x1c.google.protobuf.DoubleValue\"\xbd\x01\n\x1aUserListStringRuleItemInfo\x12r\n\x08operator\x18\x01 \x01(\x0e\x32`.google.ads.googleads.v4.enums.UserListStringRuleItemOperatorEnum.UserListStringRuleItemOperator\x12+\n\x05value\x18\x02 \x01(\x0b\x32\x1c.google.protobuf.StringValue\"\xa0\x02\n\x18\x43ombinedRuleUserListInfo\x12\x46\n\x0cleft_operand\x18\x01 \x01(\x0b\x32\x30.google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListRuleInfo\x12G\n\rright_operand\x18\x02 \x01(\x0b\x32\x30.google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListRuleInfo\x12s\n\rrule_operator\x18\x03 \x01(\x0e\x32\\.google.ads.googleads.v4.enums.UserListCombinedRuleOperatorEnum.UserListCombinedRuleOperator\"\xc0\x01\n\x1c\x44\x61teSpecificRuleUserListInfo\x12>\n\x04rule\x18\x01 \x01(\x0b\x32\x30.google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListRuleInfo\x12\x30\n\nstart_date\x18\x02 \x01(\x0b\x32\x1c.google.protobuf.StringValue\x12.\n\x08\x65nd_date\x18\x03 \x01(\x0b\x32\x1c.google.protobuf.StringValue\"\\\n\x1a\x45xpressionRuleUserListInfo\x12>\n\x04rule\x18\x01 \x01(\x0b\x32\x30.google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListRuleInfo\"\xcd\x03\n\x15RuleBasedUserListInfo\x12x\n\x14prepopulation_status\x18\x01 \x01(\x0e\x32Z.google.ads.googleads.v4.enums.UserListPrepopulationStatusEnum.UserListPrepopulationStatus\x12[\n\x17\x63ombined_rule_user_list\x18\x02 \x01(\x0b\x32\x38.google.ads.googleads.v4.common.CombinedRuleUserListInfoH\x00\x12\x64\n\x1c\x64\x61te_specific_rule_user_list\x18\x03 \x01(\x0b\x32<.google.ads.googleads.v4.common.DateSpecificRuleUserListInfoH\x00\x12_\n\x19\x65xpression_rule_user_list\x18\x04 \x01(\x0b\x32:.google.ads.googleads.v4.common.ExpressionRuleUserListInfoH\x00\x42\x16\n\x14rule_based_user_list\"]\n\x13LogicalUserListInfo\x12\x46\n\x05rules\x18\x01 \x03(\x0b\x32\x37.google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListLogicalRuleInfo\"\xda\x01\n\x17UserListLogicalRuleInfo\x12l\n\x08operator\x18\x01 \x01(\x0e\x32Z.google.ads.googleads.v4.enums.UserListLogicalRuleOperatorEnum.UserListLogicalRuleOperator\x12Q\n\rrule_operands\x18\x02 \x03(\x0b\x32:.google.ads.googleads.v4.common.LogicalUserListOperandInfo\"M\n\x1aLogicalUserListOperandInfo\x12/\n\tuser_list\x18\x01 \x01(\x0b\x32\x1c.google.protobuf.StringValue\"X\n\x11\x42\x61sicUserListInfo\x12\x43\n\x07\x61\x63tions\x18\x01 \x03(\x0b\x32\x32.google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListActionInfo\"\x9f\x01\n\x12UserListActionInfo\x12\x39\n\x11\x63onversion_action\x18\x01 \x01(\x0b\x32\x1c.google.protobuf.StringValueH\x00\x12:\n\x12remarketing_action\x18\x02 \x01(\x0b\x32\x1c.google.protobuf.StringValueH\x00\x42\x12\n\x10user_list_actionB\xe9\x01\n\"com.google.ads.googleads.v4.commonB\x0eUserListsProtoP\x01ZDgoogle.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/ads/googleads/v4/common;common\xa2\x02\x03GAA\xaa\x02\x1eGoogle.Ads.GoogleAds.V4.Common\xca\x02\x1eGoogle\\Ads\\GoogleAds\\V4\\Common\xea\x02\"Google::Ads::GoogleAds::V4::Commonb\x06proto3')
,
dependencies=[google_dot_ads_dot_googleads__v4_dot_proto_dot_enums_dot_customer__match__upload__key__type__pb2.DESCRIPTOR,google_dot_ads_dot_googleads__v4_dot_proto_dot_enums_dot_user__list__combined__rule__operator__pb2.DESCRIPTOR,google_dot_ads_dot_googleads__v4_dot_proto_dot_enums_dot_user__list__crm__data__source__type__pb2.DESCRIPTOR,google_dot_ads_dot_googleads__v4_dot_proto_dot_enums_dot_user__list__date__rule__item__operator__pb2.DESCRIPTOR,google_dot_ads_dot_googleads__v4_dot_proto_dot_enums_dot_user__list__logical__rule__operator__pb2.DESCRIPTOR,google_dot_ads_dot_googleads__v4_dot_proto_dot_enums_dot_user__list__number__rule__item__operator__pb2.DESCRIPTOR,google_dot_ads_dot_googleads__v4_dot_proto_dot_enums_dot_user__list__prepopulation__status__pb2.DESCRIPTOR,google_dot_ads_dot_googleads__v4_dot_proto_dot_enums_dot_user__list__rule__type__pb2.DESCRIPTOR,google_dot_ads_dot_googleads__v4_dot_proto_dot_enums_dot_user__list__string__rule__item__operator__pb2.DESCRIPTOR,google_dot_protobuf_dot_wrappers__pb2.DESCRIPTOR,google_dot_api_dot_annotations__pb2.DESCRIPTOR,])
_SIMILARUSERLISTINFO = _descriptor.Descriptor(
name='SimilarUserListInfo',
full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.SimilarUserListInfo',
filename=None,
file=DESCRIPTOR,
containing_type=None,
fields=[
_descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
name='seed_user_list', full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.SimilarUserListInfo.seed_user_list', index=0,
number=1, type=11, cpp_type=10, label=1,
has_default_value=False, default_value=None,
message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
serialized_options=None, file=DESCRIPTOR),
],
extensions=[
],
nested_types=[],
enum_types=[
],
serialized_options=None,
is_extendable=False,
syntax='proto3',
extension_ranges=[],
oneofs=[
],
serialized_start=822,
serialized_end=897,
)
_CRMBASEDUSERLISTINFO = _descriptor.Descriptor(
name='CrmBasedUserListInfo',
full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.CrmBasedUserListInfo',
filename=None,
file=DESCRIPTOR,
containing_type=None,
fields=[
_descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
name='app_id', full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.CrmBasedUserListInfo.app_id', index=0,
number=1, type=11, cpp_type=10, label=1,
has_default_value=False, default_value=None,
message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
serialized_options=None, file=DESCRIPTOR),
_descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
name='upload_key_type', full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.CrmBasedUserListInfo.upload_key_type', index=1,
number=2, type=14, cpp_type=8, label=1,
has_default_value=False, default_value=0,
message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
serialized_options=None, file=DESCRIPTOR),
_descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
name='data_source_type', full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.CrmBasedUserListInfo.data_source_type', index=2,
number=3, type=14, cpp_type=8, label=1,
has_default_value=False, default_value=0,
message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
serialized_options=None, file=DESCRIPTOR),
],
extensions=[
],
nested_types=[],
enum_types=[
],
serialized_options=None,
is_extendable=False,
syntax='proto3',
extension_ranges=[],
oneofs=[
],
serialized_start=900,
serialized_end=1197,
)
_USERLISTRULEINFO = _descriptor.Descriptor(
name='UserListRuleInfo',
full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListRuleInfo',
filename=None,
file=DESCRIPTOR,
containing_type=None,
fields=[
_descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
name='rule_type', full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListRuleInfo.rule_type', index=0,
number=1, type=14, cpp_type=8, label=1,
has_default_value=False, default_value=0,
message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
serialized_options=None, file=DESCRIPTOR),
_descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
name='rule_item_groups', full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListRuleInfo.rule_item_groups', index=1,
number=2, type=11, cpp_type=10, label=3,
has_default_value=False, default_value=[],
message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
serialized_options=None, file=DESCRIPTOR),
],
extensions=[
],
nested_types=[],
enum_types=[
],
serialized_options=None,
is_extendable=False,
syntax='proto3',
extension_ranges=[],
oneofs=[
],
serialized_start=1200,
serialized_end=1392,
)
_USERLISTRULEITEMGROUPINFO = _descriptor.Descriptor(
name='UserListRuleItemGroupInfo',
full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListRuleItemGroupInfo',
filename=None,
file=DESCRIPTOR,
containing_type=None,
fields=[
_descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
name='rule_items', full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListRuleItemGroupInfo.rule_items', index=0,
number=1, type=11, cpp_type=10, label=3,
has_default_value=False, default_value=[],
message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
serialized_options=None, file=DESCRIPTOR),
],
extensions=[
],
nested_types=[],
enum_types=[
],
serialized_options=None,
is_extendable=False,
syntax='proto3',
extension_ranges=[],
oneofs=[
],
serialized_start=1394,
serialized_end=1495,
)
_USERLISTRULEITEMINFO = _descriptor.Descriptor(
name='UserListRuleItemInfo',
full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListRuleItemInfo',
filename=None,
file=DESCRIPTOR,
containing_type=None,
fields=[
_descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
name='name', full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListRuleItemInfo.name', index=0,
number=1, type=11, cpp_type=10, label=1,
has_default_value=False, default_value=None,
message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
serialized_options=None, file=DESCRIPTOR),
_descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
name='number_rule_item', full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListRuleItemInfo.number_rule_item', index=1,
number=2, type=11, cpp_type=10, label=1,
has_default_value=False, default_value=None,
message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
serialized_options=None, file=DESCRIPTOR),
_descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
name='string_rule_item', full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListRuleItemInfo.string_rule_item', index=2,
number=3, type=11, cpp_type=10, label=1,
has_default_value=False, default_value=None,
message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
serialized_options=None, file=DESCRIPTOR),
_descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
name='date_rule_item', full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListRuleItemInfo.date_rule_item', index=3,
number=4, type=11, cpp_type=10, label=1,
has_default_value=False, default_value=None,
message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
serialized_options=None, file=DESCRIPTOR),
],
extensions=[
],
nested_types=[],
enum_types=[
],
serialized_options=None,
is_extendable=False,
syntax='proto3',
extension_ranges=[],
oneofs=[
_descriptor.OneofDescriptor(
name='rule_item', full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListRuleItemInfo.rule_item',
index=0, containing_type=None, fields=[]),
],
serialized_start=1498,
serialized_end=1837,
)
_USERLISTDATERULEITEMINFO = _descriptor.Descriptor(
name='UserListDateRuleItemInfo',
full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListDateRuleItemInfo',
filename=None,
file=DESCRIPTOR,
containing_type=None,
fields=[
_descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
name='operator', full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListDateRuleItemInfo.operator', index=0,
number=1, type=14, cpp_type=8, label=1,
has_default_value=False, default_value=0,
message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
serialized_options=None, file=DESCRIPTOR),
_descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
name='value', full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListDateRuleItemInfo.value', index=1,
number=2, type=11, cpp_type=10, label=1,
has_default_value=False, default_value=None,
message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
serialized_options=None, file=DESCRIPTOR),
_descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
name='offset_in_days', full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListDateRuleItemInfo.offset_in_days', index=2,
number=3, type=11, cpp_type=10, label=1,
has_default_value=False, default_value=None,
message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
serialized_options=None, file=DESCRIPTOR),
],
extensions=[
],
nested_types=[],
enum_types=[
],
serialized_options=None,
is_extendable=False,
syntax='proto3',
extension_ranges=[],
oneofs=[
],
serialized_start=1840,
serialized_end=2076,
)
_USERLISTNUMBERRULEITEMINFO = _descriptor.Descriptor(
name='UserListNumberRuleItemInfo',
full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListNumberRuleItemInfo',
filename=None,
file=DESCRIPTOR,
containing_type=None,
fields=[
_descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
name='operator', full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListNumberRuleItemInfo.operator', index=0,
number=1, type=14, cpp_type=8, label=1,
has_default_value=False, default_value=0,
message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
serialized_options=None, file=DESCRIPTOR),
_descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
name='value', full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListNumberRuleItemInfo.value', index=1,
number=2, type=11, cpp_type=10, label=1,
has_default_value=False, default_value=None,
message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
serialized_options=None, file=DESCRIPTOR),
],
extensions=[
],
nested_types=[],
enum_types=[
],
serialized_options=None,
is_extendable=False,
syntax='proto3',
extension_ranges=[],
oneofs=[
],
serialized_start=2079,
serialized_end=2268,
)
_USERLISTSTRINGRULEITEMINFO = _descriptor.Descriptor(
name='UserListStringRuleItemInfo',
full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListStringRuleItemInfo',
filename=None,
file=DESCRIPTOR,
containing_type=None,
fields=[
_descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
name='operator', full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListStringRuleItemInfo.operator', index=0,
number=1, type=14, cpp_type=8, label=1,
has_default_value=False, default_value=0,
message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
serialized_options=None, file=DESCRIPTOR),
_descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
name='value', full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListStringRuleItemInfo.value', index=1,
number=2, type=11, cpp_type=10, label=1,
has_default_value=False, default_value=None,
message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
serialized_options=None, file=DESCRIPTOR),
],
extensions=[
],
nested_types=[],
enum_types=[
],
serialized_options=None,
is_extendable=False,
syntax='proto3',
extension_ranges=[],
oneofs=[
],
serialized_start=2271,
serialized_end=2460,
)
_COMBINEDRULEUSERLISTINFO = _descriptor.Descriptor(
name='CombinedRuleUserListInfo',
full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.CombinedRuleUserListInfo',
filename=None,
file=DESCRIPTOR,
containing_type=None,
fields=[
_descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
name='left_operand', full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.CombinedRuleUserListInfo.left_operand', index=0,
number=1, type=11, cpp_type=10, label=1,
has_default_value=False, default_value=None,
message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
serialized_options=None, file=DESCRIPTOR),
_descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
name='right_operand', full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.CombinedRuleUserListInfo.right_operand', index=1,
number=2, type=11, cpp_type=10, label=1,
has_default_value=False, default_value=None,
message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
serialized_options=None, file=DESCRIPTOR),
_descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
name='rule_operator', full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.CombinedRuleUserListInfo.rule_operator', index=2,
number=3, type=14, cpp_type=8, label=1,
has_default_value=False, default_value=0,
message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
serialized_options=None, file=DESCRIPTOR),
],
extensions=[
],
nested_types=[],
enum_types=[
],
serialized_options=None,
is_extendable=False,
syntax='proto3',
extension_ranges=[],
oneofs=[
],
serialized_start=2463,
serialized_end=2751,
)
_DATESPECIFICRULEUSERLISTINFO = _descriptor.Descriptor(
name='DateSpecificRuleUserListInfo',
full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.DateSpecificRuleUserListInfo',
filename=None,
file=DESCRIPTOR,
containing_type=None,
fields=[
_descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
name='rule', full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.DateSpecificRuleUserListInfo.rule', index=0,
number=1, type=11, cpp_type=10, label=1,
has_default_value=False, default_value=None,
message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
serialized_options=None, file=DESCRIPTOR),
_descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
name='start_date', full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.DateSpecificRuleUserListInfo.start_date', index=1,
number=2, type=11, cpp_type=10, label=1,
has_default_value=False, default_value=None,
message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
serialized_options=None, file=DESCRIPTOR),
_descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
name='end_date', full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.DateSpecificRuleUserListInfo.end_date', index=2,
number=3, type=11, cpp_type=10, label=1,
has_default_value=False, default_value=None,
message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
serialized_options=None, file=DESCRIPTOR),
],
extensions=[
],
nested_types=[],
enum_types=[
],
serialized_options=None,
is_extendable=False,
syntax='proto3',
extension_ranges=[],
oneofs=[
],
serialized_start=2754,
serialized_end=2946,
)
_EXPRESSIONRULEUSERLISTINFO = _descriptor.Descriptor(
name='ExpressionRuleUserListInfo',
full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.ExpressionRuleUserListInfo',
filename=None,
file=DESCRIPTOR,
containing_type=None,
fields=[
_descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
name='rule', full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.ExpressionRuleUserListInfo.rule', index=0,
number=1, type=11, cpp_type=10, label=1,
has_default_value=False, default_value=None,
message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
serialized_options=None, file=DESCRIPTOR),
],
extensions=[
],
nested_types=[],
enum_types=[
],
serialized_options=None,
is_extendable=False,
syntax='proto3',
extension_ranges=[],
oneofs=[
],
serialized_start=2948,
serialized_end=3040,
)
_RULEBASEDUSERLISTINFO = _descriptor.Descriptor(
name='RuleBasedUserListInfo',
full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.RuleBasedUserListInfo',
filename=None,
file=DESCRIPTOR,
containing_type=None,
fields=[
_descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
name='prepopulation_status', full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.RuleBasedUserListInfo.prepopulation_status', index=0,
number=1, type=14, cpp_type=8, label=1,
has_default_value=False, default_value=0,
message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
serialized_options=None, file=DESCRIPTOR),
_descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
name='combined_rule_user_list', full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.RuleBasedUserListInfo.combined_rule_user_list', index=1,
number=2, type=11, cpp_type=10, label=1,
has_default_value=False, default_value=None,
message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
serialized_options=None, file=DESCRIPTOR),
_descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
name='date_specific_rule_user_list', full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.RuleBasedUserListInfo.date_specific_rule_user_list', index=2,
number=3, type=11, cpp_type=10, label=1,
has_default_value=False, default_value=None,
message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
serialized_options=None, file=DESCRIPTOR),
_descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
name='expression_rule_user_list', full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.RuleBasedUserListInfo.expression_rule_user_list', index=3,
number=4, type=11, cpp_type=10, label=1,
has_default_value=False, default_value=None,
message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
serialized_options=None, file=DESCRIPTOR),
],
extensions=[
],
nested_types=[],
enum_types=[
],
serialized_options=None,
is_extendable=False,
syntax='proto3',
extension_ranges=[],
oneofs=[
_descriptor.OneofDescriptor(
name='rule_based_user_list', full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.RuleBasedUserListInfo.rule_based_user_list',
index=0, containing_type=None, fields=[]),
],
serialized_start=3043,
serialized_end=3504,
)
_LOGICALUSERLISTINFO = _descriptor.Descriptor(
name='LogicalUserListInfo',
full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.LogicalUserListInfo',
filename=None,
file=DESCRIPTOR,
containing_type=None,
fields=[
_descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
name='rules', full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.LogicalUserListInfo.rules', index=0,
number=1, type=11, cpp_type=10, label=3,
has_default_value=False, default_value=[],
message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
serialized_options=None, file=DESCRIPTOR),
],
extensions=[
],
nested_types=[],
enum_types=[
],
serialized_options=None,
is_extendable=False,
syntax='proto3',
extension_ranges=[],
oneofs=[
],
serialized_start=3506,
serialized_end=3599,
)
_USERLISTLOGICALRULEINFO = _descriptor.Descriptor(
name='UserListLogicalRuleInfo',
full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListLogicalRuleInfo',
filename=None,
file=DESCRIPTOR,
containing_type=None,
fields=[
_descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
name='operator', full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListLogicalRuleInfo.operator', index=0,
number=1, type=14, cpp_type=8, label=1,
has_default_value=False, default_value=0,
message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
serialized_options=None, file=DESCRIPTOR),
_descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
name='rule_operands', full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListLogicalRuleInfo.rule_operands', index=1,
number=2, type=11, cpp_type=10, label=3,
has_default_value=False, default_value=[],
message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
serialized_options=None, file=DESCRIPTOR),
],
extensions=[
],
nested_types=[],
enum_types=[
],
serialized_options=None,
is_extendable=False,
syntax='proto3',
extension_ranges=[],
oneofs=[
],
serialized_start=3602,
serialized_end=3820,
)
_LOGICALUSERLISTOPERANDINFO = _descriptor.Descriptor(
name='LogicalUserListOperandInfo',
full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.LogicalUserListOperandInfo',
filename=None,
file=DESCRIPTOR,
containing_type=None,
fields=[
_descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
name='user_list', full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.LogicalUserListOperandInfo.user_list', index=0,
number=1, type=11, cpp_type=10, label=1,
has_default_value=False, default_value=None,
message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
serialized_options=None, file=DESCRIPTOR),
],
extensions=[
],
nested_types=[],
enum_types=[
],
serialized_options=None,
is_extendable=False,
syntax='proto3',
extension_ranges=[],
oneofs=[
],
serialized_start=3822,
serialized_end=3899,
)
_BASICUSERLISTINFO = _descriptor.Descriptor(
name='BasicUserListInfo',
full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.BasicUserListInfo',
filename=None,
file=DESCRIPTOR,
containing_type=None,
fields=[
_descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
name='actions', full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.BasicUserListInfo.actions', index=0,
number=1, type=11, cpp_type=10, label=3,
has_default_value=False, default_value=[],
message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
serialized_options=None, file=DESCRIPTOR),
],
extensions=[
],
nested_types=[],
enum_types=[
],
serialized_options=None,
is_extendable=False,
syntax='proto3',
extension_ranges=[],
oneofs=[
],
serialized_start=3901,
serialized_end=3989,
)
_USERLISTACTIONINFO = _descriptor.Descriptor(
name='UserListActionInfo',
full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListActionInfo',
filename=None,
file=DESCRIPTOR,
containing_type=None,
fields=[
_descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
name='conversion_action', full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListActionInfo.conversion_action', index=0,
number=1, type=11, cpp_type=10, label=1,
has_default_value=False, default_value=None,
message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
serialized_options=None, file=DESCRIPTOR),
_descriptor.FieldDescriptor(
name='remarketing_action', full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListActionInfo.remarketing_action', index=1,
number=2, type=11, cpp_type=10, label=1,
has_default_value=False, default_value=None,
message_type=None, enum_type=None, containing_type=None,
is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
serialized_options=None, file=DESCRIPTOR),
],
extensions=[
],
nested_types=[],
enum_types=[
],
serialized_options=None,
is_extendable=False,
syntax='proto3',
extension_ranges=[],
oneofs=[
_descriptor.OneofDescriptor(
name='user_list_action', full_name='google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListActionInfo.user_list_action',
index=0, containing_type=None, fields=[]),
],
serialized_start=3992,
serialized_end=4151,
)
_SIMILARUSERLISTINFO.fields_by_name['seed_user_list'].message_type = google_dot_protobuf_dot_wrappers__pb2._STRINGVALUE
_CRMBASEDUSERLISTINFO.fields_by_name['app_id'].message_type = google_dot_protobuf_dot_wrappers__pb2._STRINGVALUE
_CRMBASEDUSERLISTINFO.fields_by_name['upload_key_type'].enum_type = google_dot_ads_dot_googleads__v4_dot_proto_dot_enums_dot_customer__match__upload__key__type__pb2._CUSTOMERMATCHUPLOADKEYTYPEENUM_CUSTOMERMATCHUPLOADKEYTYPE
_CRMBASEDUSERLISTINFO.fields_by_name['data_source_type'].enum_type = google_dot_ads_dot_googleads__v4_dot_proto_dot_enums_dot_user__list__crm__data__source__type__pb2._USERLISTCRMDATASOURCETYPEENUM_USERLISTCRMDATASOURCETYPE
_USERLISTRULEINFO.fields_by_name['rule_type'].enum_type = google_dot_ads_dot_googleads__v4_dot_proto_dot_enums_dot_user__list__rule__type__pb2._USERLISTRULETYPEENUM_USERLISTRULETYPE
_USERLISTRULEINFO.fields_by_name['rule_item_groups'].message_type = _USERLISTRULEITEMGROUPINFO
_USERLISTRULEITEMGROUPINFO.fields_by_name['rule_items'].message_type = _USERLISTRULEITEMINFO
_USERLISTRULEITEMINFO.fields_by_name['name'].message_type = google_dot_protobuf_dot_wrappers__pb2._STRINGVALUE
_USERLISTRULEITEMINFO.fields_by_name['number_rule_item'].message_type = _USERLISTNUMBERRULEITEMINFO
_USERLISTRULEITEMINFO.fields_by_name['string_rule_item'].message_type = _USERLISTSTRINGRULEITEMINFO
_USERLISTRULEITEMINFO.fields_by_name['date_rule_item'].message_type = _USERLISTDATERULEITEMINFO
_USERLISTRULEITEMINFO.oneofs_by_name['rule_item'].fields.append(
_USERLISTRULEITEMINFO.fields_by_name['number_rule_item'])
_USERLISTRULEITEMINFO.fields_by_name['number_rule_item'].containing_oneof = _USERLISTRULEITEMINFO.oneofs_by_name['rule_item']
_USERLISTRULEITEMINFO.oneofs_by_name['rule_item'].fields.append(
_USERLISTRULEITEMINFO.fields_by_name['string_rule_item'])
_USERLISTRULEITEMINFO.fields_by_name['string_rule_item'].containing_oneof = _USERLISTRULEITEMINFO.oneofs_by_name['rule_item']
_USERLISTRULEITEMINFO.oneofs_by_name['rule_item'].fields.append(
_USERLISTRULEITEMINFO.fields_by_name['date_rule_item'])
_USERLISTRULEITEMINFO.fields_by_name['date_rule_item'].containing_oneof = _USERLISTRULEITEMINFO.oneofs_by_name['rule_item']
_USERLISTDATERULEITEMINFO.fields_by_name['operator'].enum_type = google_dot_ads_dot_googleads__v4_dot_proto_dot_enums_dot_user__list__date__rule__item__operator__pb2._USERLISTDATERULEITEMOPERATORENUM_USERLISTDATERULEITEMOPERATOR
_USERLISTDATERULEITEMINFO.fields_by_name['value'].message_type = google_dot_protobuf_dot_wrappers__pb2._STRINGVALUE
_USERLISTDATERULEITEMINFO.fields_by_name['offset_in_days'].message_type = google_dot_protobuf_dot_wrappers__pb2._INT64VALUE
_USERLISTNUMBERRULEITEMINFO.fields_by_name['operator'].enum_type = google_dot_ads_dot_googleads__v4_dot_proto_dot_enums_dot_user__list__number__rule__item__operator__pb2._USERLISTNUMBERRULEITEMOPERATORENUM_USERLISTNUMBERRULEITEMOPERATOR
_USERLISTNUMBERRULEITEMINFO.fields_by_name['value'].message_type = google_dot_protobuf_dot_wrappers__pb2._DOUBLEVALUE
_USERLISTSTRINGRULEITEMINFO.fields_by_name['operator'].enum_type = google_dot_ads_dot_googleads__v4_dot_proto_dot_enums_dot_user__list__string__rule__item__operator__pb2._USERLISTSTRINGRULEITEMOPERATORENUM_USERLISTSTRINGRULEITEMOPERATOR
_USERLISTSTRINGRULEITEMINFO.fields_by_name['value'].message_type = google_dot_protobuf_dot_wrappers__pb2._STRINGVALUE
_COMBINEDRULEUSERLISTINFO.fields_by_name['left_operand'].message_type = _USERLISTRULEINFO
_COMBINEDRULEUSERLISTINFO.fields_by_name['right_operand'].message_type = _USERLISTRULEINFO
_COMBINEDRULEUSERLISTINFO.fields_by_name['rule_operator'].enum_type = google_dot_ads_dot_googleads__v4_dot_proto_dot_enums_dot_user__list__combined__rule__operator__pb2._USERLISTCOMBINEDRULEOPERATORENUM_USERLISTCOMBINEDRULEOPERATOR
_DATESPECIFICRULEUSERLISTINFO.fields_by_name['rule'].message_type = _USERLISTRULEINFO
_DATESPECIFICRULEUSERLISTINFO.fields_by_name['start_date'].message_type = google_dot_protobuf_dot_wrappers__pb2._STRINGVALUE
_DATESPECIFICRULEUSERLISTINFO.fields_by_name['end_date'].message_type = google_dot_protobuf_dot_wrappers__pb2._STRINGVALUE
_EXPRESSIONRULEUSERLISTINFO.fields_by_name['rule'].message_type = _USERLISTRULEINFO
_RULEBASEDUSERLISTINFO.fields_by_name['prepopulation_status'].enum_type = google_dot_ads_dot_googleads__v4_dot_proto_dot_enums_dot_user__list__prepopulation__status__pb2._USERLISTPREPOPULATIONSTATUSENUM_USERLISTPREPOPULATIONSTATUS
_RULEBASEDUSERLISTINFO.fields_by_name['combined_rule_user_list'].message_type = _COMBINEDRULEUSERLISTINFO
_RULEBASEDUSERLISTINFO.fields_by_name['date_specific_rule_user_list'].message_type = _DATESPECIFICRULEUSERLISTINFO
_RULEBASEDUSERLISTINFO.fields_by_name['expression_rule_user_list'].message_type = _EXPRESSIONRULEUSERLISTINFO
_RULEBASEDUSERLISTINFO.oneofs_by_name['rule_based_user_list'].fields.append(
_RULEBASEDUSERLISTINFO.fields_by_name['combined_rule_user_list'])
_RULEBASEDUSERLISTINFO.fields_by_name['combined_rule_user_list'].containing_oneof = _RULEBASEDUSERLISTINFO.oneofs_by_name['rule_based_user_list']
_RULEBASEDUSERLISTINFO.oneofs_by_name['rule_based_user_list'].fields.append(
_RULEBASEDUSERLISTINFO.fields_by_name['date_specific_rule_user_list'])
_RULEBASEDUSERLISTINFO.fields_by_name['date_specific_rule_user_list'].containing_oneof = _RULEBASEDUSERLISTINFO.oneofs_by_name['rule_based_user_list']
_RULEBASEDUSERLISTINFO.oneofs_by_name['rule_based_user_list'].fields.append(
_RULEBASEDUSERLISTINFO.fields_by_name['expression_rule_user_list'])
_RULEBASEDUSERLISTINFO.fields_by_name['expression_rule_user_list'].containing_oneof = _RULEBASEDUSERLISTINFO.oneofs_by_name['rule_based_user_list']
_LOGICALUSERLISTINFO.fields_by_name['rules'].message_type = _USERLISTLOGICALRULEINFO
_USERLISTLOGICALRULEINFO.fields_by_name['operator'].enum_type = google_dot_ads_dot_googleads__v4_dot_proto_dot_enums_dot_user__list__logical__rule__operator__pb2._USERLISTLOGICALRULEOPERATORENUM_USERLISTLOGICALRULEOPERATOR
_USERLISTLOGICALRULEINFO.fields_by_name['rule_operands'].message_type = _LOGICALUSERLISTOPERANDINFO
_LOGICALUSERLISTOPERANDINFO.fields_by_name['user_list'].message_type = google_dot_protobuf_dot_wrappers__pb2._STRINGVALUE
_BASICUSERLISTINFO.fields_by_name['actions'].message_type = _USERLISTACTIONINFO
_USERLISTACTIONINFO.fields_by_name['conversion_action'].message_type = google_dot_protobuf_dot_wrappers__pb2._STRINGVALUE
_USERLISTACTIONINFO.fields_by_name['remarketing_action'].message_type = google_dot_protobuf_dot_wrappers__pb2._STRINGVALUE
_USERLISTACTIONINFO.oneofs_by_name['user_list_action'].fields.append(
_USERLISTACTIONINFO.fields_by_name['conversion_action'])
_USERLISTACTIONINFO.fields_by_name['conversion_action'].containing_oneof = _USERLISTACTIONINFO.oneofs_by_name['user_list_action']
_USERLISTACTIONINFO.oneofs_by_name['user_list_action'].fields.append(
_USERLISTACTIONINFO.fields_by_name['remarketing_action'])
_USERLISTACTIONINFO.fields_by_name['remarketing_action'].containing_oneof = _USERLISTACTIONINFO.oneofs_by_name['user_list_action']
DESCRIPTOR.message_types_by_name['SimilarUserListInfo'] = _SIMILARUSERLISTINFO
DESCRIPTOR.message_types_by_name['CrmBasedUserListInfo'] = _CRMBASEDUSERLISTINFO
DESCRIPTOR.message_types_by_name['UserListRuleInfo'] = _USERLISTRULEINFO
DESCRIPTOR.message_types_by_name['UserListRuleItemGroupInfo'] = _USERLISTRULEITEMGROUPINFO
DESCRIPTOR.message_types_by_name['UserListRuleItemInfo'] = _USERLISTRULEITEMINFO
DESCRIPTOR.message_types_by_name['UserListDateRuleItemInfo'] = _USERLISTDATERULEITEMINFO
DESCRIPTOR.message_types_by_name['UserListNumberRuleItemInfo'] = _USERLISTNUMBERRULEITEMINFO
DESCRIPTOR.message_types_by_name['UserListStringRuleItemInfo'] = _USERLISTSTRINGRULEITEMINFO
DESCRIPTOR.message_types_by_name['CombinedRuleUserListInfo'] = _COMBINEDRULEUSERLISTINFO
DESCRIPTOR.message_types_by_name['DateSpecificRuleUserListInfo'] = _DATESPECIFICRULEUSERLISTINFO
DESCRIPTOR.message_types_by_name['ExpressionRuleUserListInfo'] = _EXPRESSIONRULEUSERLISTINFO
DESCRIPTOR.message_types_by_name['RuleBasedUserListInfo'] = _RULEBASEDUSERLISTINFO
DESCRIPTOR.message_types_by_name['LogicalUserListInfo'] = _LOGICALUSERLISTINFO
DESCRIPTOR.message_types_by_name['UserListLogicalRuleInfo'] = _USERLISTLOGICALRULEINFO
DESCRIPTOR.message_types_by_name['LogicalUserListOperandInfo'] = _LOGICALUSERLISTOPERANDINFO
DESCRIPTOR.message_types_by_name['BasicUserListInfo'] = _BASICUSERLISTINFO
DESCRIPTOR.message_types_by_name['UserListActionInfo'] = _USERLISTACTIONINFO
_sym_db.RegisterFileDescriptor(DESCRIPTOR)
SimilarUserListInfo = _reflection.GeneratedProtocolMessageType('SimilarUserListInfo', (_message.Message,), dict(
DESCRIPTOR = _SIMILARUSERLISTINFO,
__module__ = 'google.ads.googleads_v4.proto.common.user_lists_pb2'
,
__doc__ = """SimilarUserList is a list of users which are similar to users from
another UserList. These lists are read-only and automatically created by
Google.
Attributes:
seed_user_list:
Seed UserList from which this list is derived.
""",
# @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.ads.googleads.v4.common.SimilarUserListInfo)
))
_sym_db.RegisterMessage(SimilarUserListInfo)
CrmBasedUserListInfo = _reflection.GeneratedProtocolMessageType('CrmBasedUserListInfo', (_message.Message,), dict(
DESCRIPTOR = _CRMBASEDUSERLISTINFO,
__module__ = 'google.ads.googleads_v4.proto.common.user_lists_pb2'
,
__doc__ = """UserList of CRM users provided by the advertiser.
Attributes:
app_id:
A string that uniquely identifies a mobile application from
which the data was collected to the Google Ads API. For iOS,
the ID string is the 9 digit string that appears at the end of
an App Store URL (e.g., "476943146" for "Flood-It! 2" whose
App Store link is http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/flood-
it!-2/id476943146). For Android, the ID string is the
application's package name (e.g., "com.labpixies.colordrips"
for "Color Drips" given Google Play link https://play.google.c
om/store/apps/details?id=com.labpixies.colordrips). Required
when creating CrmBasedUserList for uploading mobile
advertising IDs.
upload_key_type:
Matching key type of the list. Mixed data types are not
allowed on the same list. This field is required for an ADD
operation.
data_source_type:
Data source of the list. Default value is FIRST\_PARTY. Only
whitelisted customers can create third-party sourced CRM
lists.
""",
# @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.ads.googleads.v4.common.CrmBasedUserListInfo)
))
_sym_db.RegisterMessage(CrmBasedUserListInfo)
UserListRuleInfo = _reflection.GeneratedProtocolMessageType('UserListRuleInfo', (_message.Message,), dict(
DESCRIPTOR = _USERLISTRULEINFO,
__module__ = 'google.ads.googleads_v4.proto.common.user_lists_pb2'
,
__doc__ = """A client defined rule based on custom parameters sent by web sites or
uploaded by the advertiser.
Attributes:
rule_type:
Rule type is used to determine how to group rule items. The
default is OR of ANDs (disjunctive normal form). That is, rule
items will be ANDed together within rule item groups and the
groups themselves will be ORed together. Currently AND of ORs
(conjunctive normal form) is only supported for
ExpressionRuleUserList.
rule_item_groups:
List of rule item groups that defines this rule. Rule item
groups are grouped together based on rule\_type.
""",
# @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListRuleInfo)
))
_sym_db.RegisterMessage(UserListRuleInfo)
UserListRuleItemGroupInfo = _reflection.GeneratedProtocolMessageType('UserListRuleItemGroupInfo', (_message.Message,), dict(
DESCRIPTOR = _USERLISTRULEITEMGROUPINFO,
__module__ = 'google.ads.googleads_v4.proto.common.user_lists_pb2'
,
__doc__ = """A group of rule items.
Attributes:
rule_items:
Rule items that will be grouped together based on rule\_type.
""",
# @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListRuleItemGroupInfo)
))
_sym_db.RegisterMessage(UserListRuleItemGroupInfo)
UserListRuleItemInfo = _reflection.GeneratedProtocolMessageType('UserListRuleItemInfo', (_message.Message,), dict(
DESCRIPTOR = _USERLISTRULEITEMINFO,
__module__ = 'google.ads.googleads_v4.proto.common.user_lists_pb2'
,
__doc__ = """An atomic rule item.
Attributes:
name:
Rule variable name. It should match the corresponding key name
fired by the pixel. A name must begin with US-ascii letters or
underscore or UTF8 code that is greater than 127 and consist
of US-ascii letters or digits or underscore or UTF8 code that
is greater than 127. For websites, there are two built-in
variable URL (name = 'url\_\_') and referrer URL (name =
'ref\_url\_\_'). This field must be populated when creating a
new rule item.
rule_item:
An atomic rule item.
number_rule_item:
An atomic rule item composed of a number operation.
string_rule_item:
An atomic rule item composed of a string operation.
date_rule_item:
An atomic rule item composed of a date operation.
""",
# @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListRuleItemInfo)
))
_sym_db.RegisterMessage(UserListRuleItemInfo)
UserListDateRuleItemInfo = _reflection.GeneratedProtocolMessageType('UserListDateRuleItemInfo', (_message.Message,), dict(
DESCRIPTOR = _USERLISTDATERULEITEMINFO,
__module__ = 'google.ads.googleads_v4.proto.common.user_lists_pb2'
,
__doc__ = """A rule item composed of a date operation.
Attributes:
operator:
Date comparison operator. This field is required and must be
populated when creating new date rule item.
value:
String representing date value to be compared with the rule
variable. Supported date format is YYYY-MM-DD. Times are
reported in the customer's time zone.
offset_in_days:
The relative date value of the right hand side denoted by
number of days offset from now. The value field will override
this field when both are present.
""",
# @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListDateRuleItemInfo)
))
_sym_db.RegisterMessage(UserListDateRuleItemInfo)
UserListNumberRuleItemInfo = _reflection.GeneratedProtocolMessageType('UserListNumberRuleItemInfo', (_message.Message,), dict(
DESCRIPTOR = _USERLISTNUMBERRULEITEMINFO,
__module__ = 'google.ads.googleads_v4.proto.common.user_lists_pb2'
,
__doc__ = """A rule item composed of a number operation.
Attributes:
operator:
Number comparison operator. This field is required and must be
populated when creating a new number rule item.
value:
Number value to be compared with the variable. This field is
required and must be populated when creating a new number rule
item.
""",
# @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListNumberRuleItemInfo)
))
_sym_db.RegisterMessage(UserListNumberRuleItemInfo)
UserListStringRuleItemInfo = _reflection.GeneratedProtocolMessageType('UserListStringRuleItemInfo', (_message.Message,), dict(
DESCRIPTOR = _USERLISTSTRINGRULEITEMINFO,
__module__ = 'google.ads.googleads_v4.proto.common.user_lists_pb2'
,
__doc__ = """A rule item composed of a string operation.
Attributes:
operator:
String comparison operator. This field is required and must be
populated when creating a new string rule item.
value:
The right hand side of the string rule item. For URLs or
referrer URLs, the value can not contain illegal URL chars
such as newlines, quotes, tabs, or parentheses. This field is
required and must be populated when creating a new string rule
item.
""",
# @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListStringRuleItemInfo)
))
_sym_db.RegisterMessage(UserListStringRuleItemInfo)
CombinedRuleUserListInfo = _reflection.GeneratedProtocolMessageType('CombinedRuleUserListInfo', (_message.Message,), dict(
DESCRIPTOR = _COMBINEDRULEUSERLISTINFO,
__module__ = 'google.ads.googleads_v4.proto.common.user_lists_pb2'
,
__doc__ = """User lists defined by combining two rules, left operand and right
operand. There are two operators: AND where left operand and right
operand have to be true; AND\_NOT where left operand is true but right
operand is false.
Attributes:
left_operand:
Left operand of the combined rule. This field is required and
must be populated when creating new combined rule based user
list.
right_operand:
Right operand of the combined rule. This field is required and
must be populated when creating new combined rule based user
list.
rule_operator:
Operator to connect the two operands. Required for creating a
combined rule user list.
""",
# @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.ads.googleads.v4.common.CombinedRuleUserListInfo)
))
_sym_db.RegisterMessage(CombinedRuleUserListInfo)
DateSpecificRuleUserListInfo = _reflection.GeneratedProtocolMessageType('DateSpecificRuleUserListInfo', (_message.Message,), dict(
DESCRIPTOR = _DATESPECIFICRULEUSERLISTINFO,
__module__ = 'google.ads.googleads_v4.proto.common.user_lists_pb2'
,
__doc__ = """Visitors of a page during specific dates.
Attributes:
rule:
Boolean rule that defines visitor of a page. Required for
creating a date specific rule user list.
start_date:
Start date of users visit. If set to 2000-01-01, then the list
includes all users before end\_date. The date's format should
be YYYY-MM-DD. Required for creating a data specific rule
user list.
end_date:
End date of users visit. If set to 2037-12-30, then the list
includes all users after start\_date. The date's format should
be YYYY-MM-DD. Required for creating a data specific rule
user list.
""",
# @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.ads.googleads.v4.common.DateSpecificRuleUserListInfo)
))
_sym_db.RegisterMessage(DateSpecificRuleUserListInfo)
ExpressionRuleUserListInfo = _reflection.GeneratedProtocolMessageType('ExpressionRuleUserListInfo', (_message.Message,), dict(
DESCRIPTOR = _EXPRESSIONRULEUSERLISTINFO,
__module__ = 'google.ads.googleads_v4.proto.common.user_lists_pb2'
,
__doc__ = """Visitors of a page. The page visit is defined by one boolean rule
expression.
Attributes:
rule:
Boolean rule that defines this user list. The rule consists of
a list of rule item groups and each rule item group consists
of a list of rule items. All the rule item groups are ORed or
ANDed together for evaluation based on rule.rule\_type.
Required for creating an expression rule user list.
""",
# @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.ads.googleads.v4.common.ExpressionRuleUserListInfo)
))
_sym_db.RegisterMessage(ExpressionRuleUserListInfo)
RuleBasedUserListInfo = _reflection.GeneratedProtocolMessageType('RuleBasedUserListInfo', (_message.Message,), dict(
DESCRIPTOR = _RULEBASEDUSERLISTINFO,
__module__ = 'google.ads.googleads_v4.proto.common.user_lists_pb2'
,
__doc__ = """Representation of a userlist that is generated by a rule.
Attributes:
prepopulation_status:
The status of pre-population. The field is default to NONE if
not set which means the previous users will not be considered.
If set to REQUESTED, past site visitors or app users who match
the list definition will be included in the list (works on the
Display Network only). This will only add past users from
within the last 30 days, depending on the list's membership
duration and the date when the remarketing tag is added. The
status will be updated to FINISHED once request is processed,
or FAILED if the request fails.
rule_based_user_list:
Subtypes of rule based user lists.
combined_rule_user_list:
User lists defined by combining two rules. There are two
operators: AND, where the left and right operands have to be
true; AND\_NOT where left operand is true but right operand is
false.
date_specific_rule_user_list:
Visitors of a page during specific dates. The visiting periods
are defined as follows: Between start\_date (inclusive) and
end\_date (inclusive); Before end\_date (exclusive) with
start\_date = 2000-01-01; After start\_date (exclusive) with
end\_date = 2037-12-30.
expression_rule_user_list:
Visitors of a page. The page visit is defined by one boolean
rule expression.
""",
# @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.ads.googleads.v4.common.RuleBasedUserListInfo)
))
_sym_db.RegisterMessage(RuleBasedUserListInfo)
LogicalUserListInfo = _reflection.GeneratedProtocolMessageType('LogicalUserListInfo', (_message.Message,), dict(
DESCRIPTOR = _LOGICALUSERLISTINFO,
__module__ = 'google.ads.googleads_v4.proto.common.user_lists_pb2'
,
__doc__ = """Represents a user list that is a custom combination of user lists.
Attributes:
rules:
Logical list rules that define this user list. The rules are
defined as a logical operator (ALL/ANY/NONE) and a list of
user lists. All the rules are ANDed when they are evaluated.
Required for creating a logical user list.
""",
# @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.ads.googleads.v4.common.LogicalUserListInfo)
))
_sym_db.RegisterMessage(LogicalUserListInfo)
UserListLogicalRuleInfo = _reflection.GeneratedProtocolMessageType('UserListLogicalRuleInfo', (_message.Message,), dict(
DESCRIPTOR = _USERLISTLOGICALRULEINFO,
__module__ = 'google.ads.googleads_v4.proto.common.user_lists_pb2'
,
__doc__ = """A user list logical rule. A rule has a logical operator (and/or/not) and
a list of user lists as operands.
Attributes:
operator:
The logical operator of the rule.
rule_operands:
The list of operands of the rule.
""",
# @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListLogicalRuleInfo)
))
_sym_db.RegisterMessage(UserListLogicalRuleInfo)
LogicalUserListOperandInfo = _reflection.GeneratedProtocolMessageType('LogicalUserListOperandInfo', (_message.Message,), dict(
DESCRIPTOR = _LOGICALUSERLISTOPERANDINFO,
__module__ = 'google.ads.googleads_v4.proto.common.user_lists_pb2'
,
__doc__ = """Operand of logical user list that consists of a user list.
Attributes:
user_list:
Resource name of a user list as an operand.
""",
# @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.ads.googleads.v4.common.LogicalUserListOperandInfo)
))
_sym_db.RegisterMessage(LogicalUserListOperandInfo)
BasicUserListInfo = _reflection.GeneratedProtocolMessageType('BasicUserListInfo', (_message.Message,), dict(
DESCRIPTOR = _BASICUSERLISTINFO,
__module__ = 'google.ads.googleads_v4.proto.common.user_lists_pb2'
,
__doc__ = """User list targeting as a collection of conversions or remarketing
actions.
Attributes:
actions:
Actions associated with this user list.
""",
# @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.ads.googleads.v4.common.BasicUserListInfo)
))
_sym_db.RegisterMessage(BasicUserListInfo)
UserListActionInfo = _reflection.GeneratedProtocolMessageType('UserListActionInfo', (_message.Message,), dict(
DESCRIPTOR = _USERLISTACTIONINFO,
__module__ = 'google.ads.googleads_v4.proto.common.user_lists_pb2'
,
__doc__ = """Represents an action type used for building remarketing user lists.
Attributes:
user_list_action:
Subtypes of user list action.
conversion_action:
A conversion action that's not generated from remarketing.
remarketing_action:
A remarketing action.
""",
# @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:google.ads.googleads.v4.common.UserListActionInfo)
))
_sym_db.RegisterMessage(UserListActionInfo)
DESCRIPTOR._options = None
# @@protoc_insertion_point(module_scope)
|
Q:
How can I align some text vertically in the middle of an HTML image?
I have this:
http://jsfiddle.net/8KWtH/
I would like to move the > so it is in the middle vertically of the two images.
How can i do this?
A:
You can set your images to have vertical-align:middle; but that will make the > start from the middle. so it will still go up a little.
example: http://jsfiddle.net/8KWtH/14/
Applying the vertical align to the span as well makes it perfect.
example: http://jsfiddle.net/8KWtH/22/
|
import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
from neupy.utils import as_tuple
from neupy.exceptions import LayerConnectionError
from neupy.core.properties import TypedListProperty
from .base import BaseLayer
__all__ = ('Reshape', 'Transpose')
class Reshape(BaseLayer):
"""
Layer reshapes input tensor.
Parameters
----------
shape : tuple
New feature shape. If one dimension specified with the ``-1`` value
that this dimension will be computed from the total size that remains.
Defaults to ``-1``.
{BaseLayer.name}
Methods
-------
{BaseLayer.Methods}
Attributes
----------
{BaseLayer.Attributes}
Examples
--------
Covert 4D input to 2D
>>> from neupy.layers import *
>>> network = Input((2, 5, 5)) >> Reshape()
(?, 2, 5, 5) -> [... 2 layers ...] -> (?, 50)
Convert 3D to 4D
>>> from neupy.layers import *
>>> network = Input((5, 4)) >> Reshape((5, 2, 2))
(?, 5, 4) -> [... 2 layers ...] -> (?, 5, 2, 2)
"""
shape = TypedListProperty()
def __init__(self, shape=-1, name=None):
super(Reshape, self).__init__(name=name)
self.shape = as_tuple(shape)
if self.shape.count(-1) >= 2:
raise ValueError("Only single -1 value can be specified")
def get_output_shape(self, input_shape):
input_shape = tf.TensorShape(input_shape)
feature_shape = input_shape[1:]
missing_value = None
if -1 in self.shape and feature_shape.is_fully_defined():
known_shape_values = [val for val in self.shape if val != -1]
n_feature_values = np.prod(feature_shape.dims)
n_expected_values = np.prod(known_shape_values)
if n_feature_values % n_expected_values != 0:
raise ValueError(
"Input shape and specified shape are incompatible Shape: "
"{}, Input shape: {}".format(self.shape, input_shape))
missing_value = int(n_feature_values // n_expected_values)
n_samples = input_shape[0]
new_feature_shape = [
missing_value if val == -1 else val for val in self.shape]
return tf.TensorShape([n_samples] + new_feature_shape)
def output(self, input, **kwargs):
"""
Reshape the feature space for the input value.
Parameters
----------
input : array-like or Tensorfow variable
"""
input = tf.convert_to_tensor(input, dtype=tf.float32)
input_shape = tf.shape(input)
n_samples = input_shape[0]
expected_shape = self.get_output_shape(input.shape)
feature_shape = expected_shape[1:]
if feature_shape.is_fully_defined():
# For cases when we have -1 in the shape and feature shape
# can be precomputed from the input we want to be explicit about
# expected output shape. Because of the unknown batch dimension
# it won't be possible for tensorflow to derive exact output
# shape from the -1
output_shape = as_tuple(n_samples, feature_shape.dims)
else:
output_shape = as_tuple(n_samples, self.shape)
return tf.reshape(input, output_shape)
def __repr__(self):
return self._repr_arguments(self.shape, name=self.name)
class Transpose(BaseLayer):
"""
Layer transposes input tensor. Permutes the dimensions according
to the ``perm`` parameter.
Parameters
----------
perm : tuple or list
A permutation of the dimensions of the input tensor.
{BaseLayer.name}
Methods
-------
{BaseLayer.Methods}
Attributes
----------
{BaseLayer.Attributes}
Examples
--------
>>> from neupy.layers import *
>>> network = Input((7, 11)) >> Transpose((0, 2, 1))
(?, 7, 11) -> [... 2 layers ...] -> (?, 11, 7)
"""
perm = TypedListProperty()
def __init__(self, perm, name=None):
super(Transpose, self).__init__(name=name)
self.perm = perm
def fail_if_shape_invalid(self, input_shape):
if input_shape and max(self.perm) >= input_shape.ndims:
raise LayerConnectionError(
"Cannot apply transpose operation to the "
"input. Permutation: {}, Input shape: {}"
"".format(self.perm, input_shape))
def get_output_shape(self, input_shape):
input_shape = tf.TensorShape(input_shape)
self.fail_if_shape_invalid(input_shape)
if input_shape.ndims is None:
n_dims_expected = len(self.perm)
return tf.TensorShape([None] * n_dims_expected)
input_shape = np.array(input_shape.dims)
perm = list(self.perm)
return tf.TensorShape(input_shape[perm])
def output(self, input, **kwargs):
# Input value has batch dimension, but perm will never have it
# specified as (zero index), so we need to add it in order to
# fix batch dimension in place.
return tf.transpose(input, list(self.perm))
def __repr__(self):
return self._repr_arguments(self.perm, name=self.name)
|
Navigation
Astropy uses the Python warnings module to issue warning messages. The
details of using the warnings module are general to Python, and apply to any
Python software that uses this system. The user can suppress the warnings
using the python command line argument -W"ignore" when starting an
interactive python session. For example:
$ python -W"ignore"
The user may also use the command line argument when running a python script as
follows:
$ python -W"ignore" myscript.py
It is also possible to suppress warnings from within a python script. For
instance, the warnings issued from a single call to the
astropy.io.fits.writeto function may be suppressed from within a Python
script using the warnings.filterwarnings function as follows:
An equivalent way to insert an entry into the list of warning filter specifications
for simple call warnings.simplefilter:
>>> warnings.simplefilter('ignore',UserWarning)
Astropy includes its own warning classes,
AstropyWarning and
AstropyUserWarning. All warnings from Astropy are
based on these warning classes (see below for the distinction between them). One
can thus ignore all warnings from Astropy (while still allowing through
warnings from other libraries like Numpy) by using something like:
As mentioned above, there are actually two base classes for Astropy warnings.
The main distinction is that AstropyUserWarning is
for warnings that are intended for typical users (e.g. “Warning: Ambiguous
unit”, something that might be because of improper input). In contrast,
AstropyWarning warnings that are notAstropyUserWarning may be for lower-level warnings
more useful for developers writing code that uses Astropy (e.g., the
deprecation warnings discussed below). So if you’re a user that just wants to
silence everything, the code above will suffice, but if you are a developer and
want to hide development-related warnings from your users, you may wish to still
allow through AstropyUserWarning.
Astropy also issues warnings when deprecated API features are used. If you
wish to squelch deprecation warnings, you can start Python with
-Wi::Deprecation. This sets all deprecation warnings to ignored. There is
also an Astropy-specific AstropyDeprecationWarning
which can be used to disable deprecation warnings from Astropy only. |
Érick Sámano
Erick Sámano Alemán (born June 4, 1991 in Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City), known as Erick Sámano, is a Mexican professional association football (soccer) player who plays as a defender.
Sámano has played for Reboceros de La Piedad since 2016.
References
External links
Profile at Soccerway
Category:Liga MX players
Category:Living people
Category:1991 births
Category:Footballers from Mexico City
Category:Mexican footballers
Category:C.D. Veracruz footballers
Category:Leones Negros UdeG footballers
Category:Atlético San Luis footballers
Category:La Piedad footballers
Category:Association football defenders |
Re: Strange error with Oracle 10g XE
> I would guess you could set the constraint to enabled novalidate in> both versions, and this would actually constitute a *better* solution> (instead of just dropping the constraint completely, which is pretty> dangerous)
Thanks for the hint, I will follow that approach.
>From further testing and playing with the database I have learned that
"normally" Oracle 10g XE, just like 9i, DOES drop the corrsponding
index automatically when a primary key constraint is dropped. However,
it does not with this specific constraint that I am dealing with.
I now suspect that the relationship between constraints and
corresponding indices might be somehow "broken", maybe due to the fact
that the schema was exported from Oracle 9i (using exp.exe) and then
imported into Oracle 10g XE (using imp.exe).
However, when I create new primary key constraints in the same schema
and drop them afterwards, the corresponding index is automatically
dropped (just as it should be).
Can it be that the schema is "broken" after the export/import from 9i
to 10g XE?
(I have tried exporting from 9i and re-importing to 9i, but that does
not cause any problem. The problem seems to only show up when I import
to 10g XE.)
If so, is there a way to fix the imported schema?
Received on Thu Sep 28 2006 - 07:58:50 CDT |
Q:
How to set the 'selected option' of a select dropdown list with jquery
I have the following jquery function:
$.post('GetSalesRepfromCustomer', {
data: selectedObj.value
}, function (result) {
alert(result[0]);
$('select[name^="salesrep"]').val(result[0]);
});
result[0] is a value that I want to set as the selected item in my select box.
result[0] equals Bruce jones.
the select box is populated by a database query but one of the rendered html is:
<select id="salesrep" data-theme="a" data-mini="true" name="salesrep">
<option value=""> </option>
<option value="john smith">john smith</option>
<option value="Bruce Jones">Bruce Jones</option>
<option value="Adam Calitz">Adam Calitz</option>
<option>108</option>
</select>
$('select[name^="salesrep"]').val(result[0]); doesn't populate the select box selected option. I have also tried $("#salesrep").val(result[0]); without any luck.
Any help appreciated.
so what I want is the selected / highlighted option in the salesrep dropdown list to be Bruce Jones.
HTML to be:
<select id="salesrep" data-theme="a" data-mini="true" name="salesrep">
<option value=""> </option>
<option value="john smith">john smith</option>
<option value="Bruce Jones" selected >Bruce Jones</option>
<option value="Adam Calitz">Adam Calitz</option>
<option>108</option>
</select>
Thanks again,
Entire Script
<script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function () {
$("#customer").autocomplete(
{
source: "get_customers",
messages:
{
noResults: '',
results: function() {}
},
select: function( event, ui )
{
var selectedObj = ui.item;
$.post('GetSalesRepfromCustomer', {data:selectedObj.value},function(result) {
alert(result[0]);
var selnametest="Bruce Koller";
$("#salesrep").val(selnametest);
});
}
});
});
</script>
Rendered HTML is:
<select id="salesrep" data-theme="a" data-mini="true" name="salesrep">
<option value=""> </option>
<option value="RyanLubuschagne">Ryan Lubuschagne</option>
<option value="Bruce Jones">Bruce Jones</option>
<option value="Adam Calitz">Adam Calitz</option>
</select>
A:
Try this :
$('select[name^="salesrep"] option[value="Bruce Jones"]').attr("selected","selected");
Just replace option[value="Bruce Jones"] by option[value=result[0]]
And before selecting a new option, you might want to "unselect" the previous :
$('select[name^="salesrep"] option:selected').attr("selected",null);
You may want to read this too : jQuery get specific option tag text
Edit: Using jQuery Mobile, this link may provide a good solution : jquery mobile - set select/option values
A:
Set the value it will set it as selected option for dropdown:
$("#salesrep").val("Bruce Jones");
Here is working Demo
If it still not working:
Please check JavaScript errors on console.
Make sure you included jquery files
your network is not blocking jquery file if using externally.
Check your view source some time exact copy of element stop jquery to work correctly
A:
One thing I don't think anyone has mentioned, and a stupid mistake I've made in the past (especially when dynamically populating selects). jQuery's .val() won't work for a select input if there isn't an option with a value that matches the value supplied.
Here's a fiddle explaining -> http://jsfiddle.net/go164zmt/
<select id="example">
<option value="0">Test0</option>
<option value="1">Test1</option>
</select>
$("#example").val("0");
alert($("#example").val());
$("#example").val("1");
alert($("#example").val());
//doesn't exist
$("#example").val("2");
//and thus returns null
alert($("#example").val());
|
Iran: Preparing the ‘Battle Space’
Bernard Lewis, a British-American historian of the Middle East, has been formidably influential in America – his policy ideas have towered over Presidents, policy-makers and think-tanks, and they still do. Though he died last year, his baleful views still shape America’s thinking about Iran. Mike Pompeo, for example, has written: “I met him only once, but read much of what he wrote. I owe a great deal of my understanding of the Middle East to his work … He was also a man who believed, as I do, that Americans must be more confident in the greatness of our country, not less”.
The “Bernard Lewis plan”, as it came to be known, was a design to fracture all the countries in the region – from the Middle East to India – along ethnic, sectarian and linguistic lines. A radical Balkanisation of the region. A retired US Army officer, Ralph Peters, followed up by producing the map of how a ‘Balkanised’ Middle East would look. Ben Gurion too had a similar strategic ambition for Israeli interests.
Lewis’s influence however, went right to the top: President Bush was seen carrying articles by Lewis to a meeting in the Oval Office soon after September 11, and only eight days after the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, Lewis was briefing Richard Perle’s Defence Policy Board, sitting next to his friend Ahmed Chalabi, the leader of the Iraqi National Congress. At that key meeting of a board highly influential with the Defence Secretary Donald Rumsfeld, the two called for an invasion of Iraq.
Lewis seeded too the broader idea of a backwards-looking Muslim world, seething with hatred against a modernising and virtuous West. It was him, and not Samuel Huntington, who coined the phrase ‘clash of civilisations’ – implying further, that Islam and the West are embroiled in an existential battle for survival.
Through the Evangelical prism of today’s policy-makers, such as Pompeo and Mike Pence, this dark prognostication has metamorphosed from a civilisational ‘clash’ into the cosmic battle of good and evil (with Iran particularly pinpointed as the source of cosmic evil in today’s world).
This is the key point: Bringing regime change to Iran – the primordial threat, in Lewis terms – was always a Lewis fantasy. “Should we negotiate with Iran’s ayatollahs?” Henry Kissinger asked him on one occasion; “Certainly not!” came Lewis’ uncompromising retort. The overall stance that America should adopt to the region was presented in a nutshell to Dick Cheney: “I believe that one of the things you’ve got to do to Arabs is hit them between the eyes with a big stick. They respect power”. This Orientalist advice naturally applied ‘in spades’ to Iran and its ‘Ayatollahs’, Lewis held: “The question we should be asking is why do they neither fear nor respect us?”.
Well, now, inspired by his intellectual hero (Lewis), Pompeo, together with Richard Perle’s PNAC colleague, John Bolton, seem to be itching to try it, using the Lewis recipe of ‘hitting Iran between the eyes with a big (sanctions) stick’.
We have been here before. The US did not just leaf through Lewis’ books, as it were; it has been acting on it for decades. As early as the 1960s, Lewis had published a book which picked up on the potential vulnerabilities, and therefore the potential use, of religious, class, and ethnic differences as the means to bring an end to Middle Eastern states.
Seymour Hersh, writing in 2008, reported that:
“Late last year [2007], Congress agreed to a request from President Bush to fund a major escalation of covert operations against Iran, according to current and former military, intelligence, and congressional sources. These operations, for which the President sought up to four hundred million dollars, were described in a Presidential Finding signed by Bush, and are designed to destabilize the country’s religious leadership. The covert activities involve support of the minority Ahwazi Arab and Baluchi groups and other dissident organizations … “Clandestine operations against Iran are not new. United States Special Operations Forces have been conducting cross-border operations from southern Iraq … since last year. But the scale and the scope of the operations in Iran, which involve the CIA, and the Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC), have now been significantly expanded, according to the current and former officials. Many of these activities are not specified in the new Finding, and some congressional leaders have had serious questions about their nature”.
And such operations just expanded further – as the present head of CIA, Gina Haspel, has confirmed, she is shifting Agency resources to focus on Russia and Iran. And the US has been assiduously planting its military bases at points that abut on Iran’s ethnic minorities.
So what is the ‘end game’? Is it US election hype, and intended principally for domestic consumption? Is it just to contain and weaken Iran? Is it to force Iran to negotiate a ‘better’ JCPOA? Or is it to trigger regime change?
Well, it looks like this: Pompeo has refused to renew two key US sanctions waivers (besides the various oil waivers). These two waiver-refusals look very much like the veritable ‘smoking gun’ – pointing to Pompeo and Bolton’s true intent. One withdrawn waiver is for Iran’s export of low enriched uranium, and the other retraction is for the export of ‘heavy water’ from the Arak reactor.
The point is that under the JCPOA, Iran is not permitted to accumulate either substance beyond 300 Kilos and 300 litres, respectively. So Iran is compelled by the Accord to export any potential surplus which might breach these limits. The former goes to Russia (in return for raw yellow-cake), and the latter is stored in Oman.
Let us be very clear: There is absolutely no nuclear benefit to Iran from these exports. They serve only the interests of those who are signatories to the JCPOA. They are JCPOA ‘housekeeping’ items – i.e. they serve only those who advocate non-proliferation of nuclear-related materials. The export is envisaged by the Accord, and is demanded of Iran.
If these exports represent precisely the working of the nuclear agreement, why then would Pompeo refuse to renew the waivers to such a structural component to non-proliferation? They are of no economic significance per se.
The only answer must be that Pompeo and Bolton are trying to corner Iran into a breach of the JCPOA: They are deliberately trying to provoke non-compliance by Iran, and are effectively forcing Iran to proliferate. For, if these substances cannot be exported, Iran will be obliged to accumulate them, in breach of the JCPOA (unless the UNSC dispute procedure embedded in the JCPOA, rules otherwise).
But pushing Iran into a formal breach opens many possibilities for Bolton to provoke Iran further, and perhaps even to taunt it into providing the US with its casas belli for flattening Iran’s enrichment facilities. Who knows?
So how do Iran’s ethnic minorities fit into the picture? (The majority of the Iranian population is Persian, estimated at between 51% and 65%. The largest other ethno-linguistic groups are: Azerbaijanis (16–25+ %), Kurds (7–10%), Lurs (c. 7%), Mazandaranis and Gilakis (c. 7%), Arabs (2–3), Balochi (c. 2%) and Turkmens (c. 2%)). These groups are ‘the material’ that the US hopes to turn into armed secessionists and anti-Iranian insurgents, under the CIA ‘train and assist programmes’. When this programme was mooted in 2007, there was considerable dissent both within the US Administration (including coming from Secretary Gates and General Fallon, who both rejected the questioned the merit of such thinking). As Seymour Hersh noted:
“A strategy of using ethnic minorities to undermine Iran is flawed, according to Vali Nasr, who teaches international politics at Tufts University and is also a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations. “Just because Lebanon, Iraq, and Pakistan have ethnic problems, it does not mean that Iran is suffering from the same issue,” Nasr said. “Iran is an old country—like France and Germany—and its citizens are just as nationalistic. “The US is overestimating ethnic tension in Iran.” The minority groups that the US is reaching out to are either well integrated or small and marginal, without much influence on the government or much ability to present a political challenge, Nasr said. “[However], you can always find some activist groups that will go and kill a policeman, but working with the minorities will backfire, and alienate the majority of the population”.
And as Professor Salehi-Isfahani at Brookings has shown, the poorest elements of Iranian society have been somewhat protected from the harsh economic impact of sanctions (more than the middle class), so that one might rightly conclude that Iran can weather the economic siege.
Yes … but … ‘We have been here before’, in another important way:
Iraq and ‘Curveball’ (the codename for the Iraqi agent of German intelligence, who provided false intelligence on Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction); the Iraqi exiles who assured the Americans they would be welcomed in Baghdad as ‘liberators’ with their path strewn with flowers and rise; and ‘Team B’ (the alt-intelligence unit, established by then Vice-President Cheney to provide ‘like-minded’ intelligence reporting that countered that of the CIA, and supported Cheney’s world view). The outcome from America’s disconnect to the realities of Iraq was, of course, a disaster.
Here we are again, with history seemingly repeating itself: The former ‘Team B’ is now no longer a unit implanted in the DOD, but is a network of former intelligence officials of some sort, acting together with embittered Iranian exiles – fishing within the MEK and the jaundiced exile community, and then ‘stove-piping’ their findings into the Foundation for the Defense of Democracies think-tank, and into the White House – shades of Chalabi and the Iraq Saga, all over again.
It is the old, old intelligence story: Start with deep orientalist prejudices and pre-conceived opinions about the nature of ‘the other’; Convince yourself that no ‘modern’ man or woman would support the ‘Ayatollahs’; And guess what? You find what you wanted to see: That Iran is on the brink of “immanent collapse”; that the minorities are poised to rise up against the overbearing Persian élite; and that American intervention to remove this hated ‘regime’ would be welcomed ‘with flowers and rice’.
It is nonsense, of course. But the capacity to self-delude is sufficient, in itself, to start wars.
The US history of the original ‘Team B’ serves as a grim warning: Cheney did not like, or trust, what the formal Intelligence services were saying. So he set up an ‘Alt-Intelligence Service’ (Team B) of ‘like-minded’ analysts who ‘found’ what he wanted to see about Iraq (and Russia).
Trump, precisely because of his experience with the Deep State, does not trust the top echelon of US services – and hence, is known to read little of what they produce. He too, does not see them as ‘like-minded’ for their globalist outlook on the world, and generally disdains their opinions (preferring those with a more like-minded zeitgeist). There is real vulnerability here.
Whilst it is true that Trump in the past days has acknowledged that Bolton wants to get him “into a war”, and has expressed concern that, as the Washington Post notes, “Bolton has boxed him into a corner, and gone beyond where he [Trump] is comfortable”, Trump’s prejudices on Iran run deep, and are being continually fed by others – including family – and not just by Bolton.
Mostly, Trump acts in foreign policy as a New York real-estate mogul, with care only for ‘the deal’ and his image, and with zero emotional or moral engagement. This is probably true too, for US involvement in Syria and Afghanistan. But is this so for Iran? Might Iran be the exception – precisely because it stands in the way of Trump’s ‘legacy project’ – of actuating ‘Greater Israel’ (otherwise known as the Deal of the Century)?
Bolton may have been mildly rebuked by Trump over getting it wrong on Venezuela, but it might be that Pompeo and Bolton are pushing at a half-open door when it comes to Iran. |
US reviewing plans for fewer troops in Afghanistan
Afghan security forces members and U.S. soldiers arrive at the site of a suicide bombing at a police compound in Surobi district of Kabul, Afghanistan, Friday, Feb. 21, 2014. A U.S. official says the White House is reviewing a new series of options that would leave fewer than 10,000 U.S. troops in Afghanistan next year.
WASHINGTON — The White House is reviewing a new series of options that would leave fewer than 10,000 U.S. troops in Afghanistan next year, a U.S. official said Tuesday.
The options, requested by the administration, include a range of troop numbers from zero to 10,000 U.S. troops and reflect the long-running debate over how many are needed to train and advise the Afghan security forces and conduct counterterrorism missions.
The official was not authorized to talk on the record by name and spoke on condition of anonymity.
Some U.S. officials, including senior military leaders, have argued that the larger number is needed to conduct the multi-faceted mission and provide enough security for the troops and other Americans there. Other U.S. officials say the Afghan security forces have improved enough so that fewer U.S. troops are needed.
Combat operations end on Dec. 31. Earlier plans called for U.S. and NATO nations to leave 8,000 to 12,000 troops in Afghanistan to advise and assist Afghan forces and do counterterror operations as long as Afghan leaders sign a security agreement.
The decision on troop numbers has been stalled by Afghan President Hamid Karzai's refusal to sign the security agreement, which would provide the legal protections needed to enable U.S. troops to remain in the country. The U.S. currently has about 33,000 troops in Afghanistan.
Afghans went to the polls to elect a new president, and partial results suggest there will likely be a runoff next month between former Foreign Minister Abdullah Abdullah and rival Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai. Both men have said that if elected they will move ahead with the security agreement, paving the way for a small number of U.S. and NATO troops to stay. |
Genome sequencing reveals somatic evolution in murine SCLC.
Genomic analysis identifies deregulated PTEN signaling as a driver of murine SCLC progression. |
Q:
ValueError: Error when checking target: expected activation_7 to have shape (154, 154, 1) but got array with shape (200, 200, 3)
I'm trying to build CNN Autoencoder. Each training image(color) has size of 200*200. I got the error while compiling: ValueError: Error when checking target: expected activation_7 to have shape (154, 154, 1) but got array with shape (200, 200, 3) with following code. How can the code can modified to work ?
autoencoder = Sequential()
autoencoder.add(Conv2D(64, (3, 3), input_shape=(200, 200, 3)))
autoencoder.add(Activation('relu'))
autoencoder.add(MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2, 2)))
autoencoder.add(Conv2D(32, (3, 3)))
autoencoder.add(Activation('relu'))
autoencoder.add(MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2, 2)))
autoencoder.add(Conv2D(32, (3, 3)))
autoencoder.add(Activation('relu'))
autoencoder.add(MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2, 2))) # encoded
autoencoder.add(Conv2D(32, (3, 3)))
autoencoder.add(Activation('relu'))
autoencoder.add(UpSampling2D((2,2)))
autoencoder.add(Conv2D(32, (3, 3)))
autoencoder.add(Activation('relu'))
autoencoder.add(UpSampling2D((2,2)))
autoencoder.add(Conv2D(64, (3, 3)))
autoencoder.add(Activation('relu'))
autoencoder.add(UpSampling2D((2,2)))
autoencoder.add(Conv2D(1, (3, 3)))
autoencoder.add(Activation('sigmoid'))
autoencoder.compile(optimizer='adadelta', loss='binary_crossentropy')
A:
As i see it, there are two main issues with your code above.
First is dimension decrease, from (200,200) to (154,154) witch can easily be solved by padding='same' to every Conv2D layer like this:
autoencoder = Sequential()
autoencoder.add(Conv2D(64, (3, 3), input_shape=(200, 200, 3), padding='same'))
autoencoder.add(Activation('relu'))
autoencoder.add(MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2, 2)))
autoencoder.add(Conv2D(32, (3, 3), padding='same'))
autoencoder.add(Activation('relu'))
autoencoder.add(MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2, 2)))
autoencoder.add(Conv2D(32, (3, 3), padding='same'))
autoencoder.add(Activation('relu'))
autoencoder.add(MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2, 2))) # encoded
autoencoder.add(Conv2D(32, (3, 3), padding='same'))
autoencoder.add(Activation('relu'))
autoencoder.add(UpSampling2D((2,2)))
autoencoder.add(Conv2D(32, (3, 3), padding='same'))
autoencoder.add(Activation('relu'))
autoencoder.add(UpSampling2D((2,2)))
autoencoder.add(Conv2D(64, (3, 3), padding='same'))
autoencoder.add(Activation('relu'))
autoencoder.add(UpSampling2D((2,2)))
autoencoder.add(Conv2D(1, (3, 3), padding='same'))
autoencoder.add(Activation('sigmoid'))
autoencoder.compile(optimizer='adadelta', loss='binary_crossentropy')
Second issue is with your target. What you are trying to predict here with output (200,200,1) at your last Conv2D layer, with sigmoid activation and binary_crossentropy loss is a grayscale image. If this is what you want you have to train your model with y_train being 1 channel images (200,200,1) otherwise you can change your output to (200,200,3) like this:
change:
autoencoder.add(Conv2D(1, (3, 3), padding='same'))
to:
autoencoder.add(Conv2D(3, (3, 3), padding='same'))
|
So, I don't wear a headcovering. There are a few women in my parish who do, but most don't. I've worn one before when visiting places where it is expected and found it to be a gigantic hassle- if you had my mane of crazy hair, you'd understand. I also don't like to draw undue attention to myself. Unfortunately, there's a perv in my parish (not Orthodox himself) who is fascinated with my hair and comes up behind me to touch it sometimes and gushes about how much he loves it- I avoid him and have told him to leave me alone and so have other people. I have people compliment my hair a lot and a teenage girl or two have told me how they envy my hair and one even said how she loved staring at it during liturgy. This makes me uncomfortable. Personally, I don't see the fascination because I don't like my hair and it is difficult to deal with as it's curly.
Moving on- It's in scripture and technically women are supposed to do this, right? I'm far from eager about the prospect, but there's been this increasing conviction and I've been considering it. I have this fear about what other people might say or think, and I don't want to draw even more attention to myself. So, the next logical step was to ask my priest about it. He didn't say no, but he might as well have. Apparently, that's just not our culture in the U.S. and sometimes people get very legalistic about things like dress.
Right, I get that. I've seen four recent converts start dressing znius as if they were frum. Possibly overboard stuff going on there, I don't know for sure. However, I don't own skirts that long, I wear pants quite often, and I certainly wouldn't be begging for my husband to put me away in a monastery if I started to wear a headcovering. I have a hard enough time trying to fast and following my prayer rule, etc. My life is far from being a paragon of holiness. I don't think thousands around me will likely ever be saved from observing my not so holy life. You get the idea.
However, the implication was that I would be seen as a legalist, and my feelings were hurt. I don't find anything about Orthodoxy to be particularly easy- it's all a struggle for me really- but seriously? Why is this in the bible then if it is optional?
Although I hate the use of the concept of Western vs Eastern mindset, but I think looking at this concept as "optional" may seep in to your understanding of other concepts in the church. Just because some people do not have to do something does not mean it is optional. For instance many people have different dietary requirements therefore when they fast they may be less strict in food choices or may even abstain from the fast completely. Remember why legalism is wrong, because it views the activity your doing as an end in itself when the end is really loving God more. For instance I heard a story of a parishioner that said when he first converted he couldn't wait to do the fast, the reason being he was a martial arts expert and was already used to fasting and conditioning his body and in his mind he would be a professional at it, the wise priest noticing this would lead to prideful thoughts and behavior forbid him in partaking in the fast with everyone and in this way it humbled him (this story is from Turbo from the podcast Generation Orthodox).
There are cultural aspects to it, and St. Paul may have been working off of certain cultural ideas common to that era, but it's also a custom that promotes modesty during prayer. You have attractive hair, apparently, and so a head covering may serve to help not only yourself, but others as well. My wife's just bought some headscarves herself; she and I have talked about taking the tradition as a whole rather than distinguishing between so-called "Big-T" and "little-t" traditions. Just take it all in as much as you can (which is slowly at first, and at the discretion of your priest) and let God sort you out, as it were.
So, it's not truly optional and I should wear a headcovering even if others might think I'm being legalistic? I'm confused.
Don't worry if others think you're being legalistic; what you are doing is not the stumbling block, it's their pride. Don't let the judgment of others be a stumbling block to you; if it is an aid to your prayer life, then you should utilize it. If you're afraid about drawing attention, then sit in the back of the Church. Be mindful of prayer always.
Logged
"O Cross of Christ, all-holy, thrice-blessed, and life-giving, instrument of the mystical rites of Zion, the holy Altar for the service of our Great Archpriest, the blessing - the weapon - the strength of priests, our pride, our consolation, the light in our hearts, our mind, and our steps"Met. Meletios of Nikopolis & Preveza, from his ordination.
My daughter and my wife will be attending the Vigil of the Nativity this year. I notice there is a box of scarves as you enter the 'temple' ?
Should they wear head coverings?
Logged
St Basil the Great (330-379 A.D.): “I think then that the one goal of all who are really and truly serving the Lord ought to be to bring back to union the churches who have at different times and in diverse manners divided from one another.”
So, it's not truly optional and I should wear a headcovering even if others might think I'm being legalistic? I'm confused.
I hate to confuse you as well, but it's sound advice. Believe it or not. It all depends on the circumstances. If people think it's too legalistic. That is there problem and not yours. Wear it. If you are being legalistic than it's your spiritual problem. Don't wear it. Or don't wear it until you get over your legalism. Sounds a little bipolar? It is.
Logged
Excellence of character, then, is a state concerned with choice, lying in a mean relative to us, this being determined by reason and in the way in which the man of practical wisdom would determine it. Now it is a mean between two vices, that which depends on excess and that which depends on defect.
I always have to wear my hair covered or at least bound in strange places because strangers are forever touching it without asking. Since we attend an ethnic parish, I stand out like a sore thumb (my hair is naturally blonde and past my fingertips). I found I attract attention either way, so I wear a headcovering. Not alot of women at my home parish do, so I did worry about it abit at first. I try to select a inconspicuous headcovering for that reason at home. (Usually a simple black mantilla).
One of my professors is a conservative Jew, and he made a point to mention something that I think highlights real legalism (meaning understanding a commandment in a purely legal sense).
Women are commanded in Jewish law as well to cover their heads, but I am not sure of the context as to when, where, and why. Anyway, many Orthodox Jewish woman fulfill this command by wearing a wig. The law is obeyed, and the contract is still upheld. That, my friends, is legalism.
I wrote an article on headcovering in the Antiochian Church, once you read it you will find the reason your priest did not openly say yes or no, basically it is because the Antiochian bishops have left it to the discretion of the woman:
The Tradition of Women Covering their Head when They Pray
For nearly two thousand years, Orthodox women, according to the words of the holy Apostle Paul, have gone to God's church with covered heads. Until recently, this custom has been kept by faithful women and has been handed down from generation to generation. It is a custom not only of the local churches, but also in world-wide Orthodox churches, whether one is in the Greek, Antiochian, Russian, eastern European, or African Orthodox Church, women in the church have their heads covered.
In the United States since the 1960s ( after the Roman Catholic decision of Vatican II that women did not have to cover their heads), some Orthodox women have chosen not to follow this custom. They have felt that it was dated custom that had no place in the practice of modern Orthopraxis. While head coverings are still the norm in the "old World", the response to this is varied by the jurisdictions in the United States. In most Russian and Slavic Churches, head coverings are still required and a woman is not communed without a head covering. In the Greek, Antiochian, and many OCA parishes head coverings are not required and the practice is left as a pious custom that women may use or not use as they wish. Many parishes, like ours, have head coverings for women who wish them but do not require them.
SCRIPTURAL BASIS FOR WOMEN COVERING THEIR HEADSWe find the basis for this pious custom of covering the head in Sacred Scripture itself, in the New Testament. The Most Holy Virgin Mary covered her head in the holy temple from her young years. According to tradition, her veil (head covering) in the Jerusalem temple was light blue; therefore, on the feast days of the Theotokos, Orthodox clergy often wear light blue vestments. The Most Holy Theotokos wore a veil (head covering) as a sign of her humility and submissiveness to God's will, which was manifested on the day of the Annunciation. Later the Apostle Paul reiterated the importance of this when he addressed the model for men and women as they prayed: "Be ye followers of me, as I also am of Christ. Now I praise you, brethren, that in all things you are mindful of me and keep my ordinances as I have delivered them to you. But I would have you know that the head of every man is Christ: and the head of the woman is the man: and the head of Christ is God. Every man praying or prophesying with his head covered disgraceth his head. But every woman praying or prophesying with her head not covered disgraceth her head: for it is all one as if she were shaven. For if a woman be not covered, let her be shorn. But if it be a shame to a woman to be shorn or made bald, let her cover her head. The man indeed ought not to cover his head: because he is the image and glory of God. But the woman is the glory of the man. For the man is not of the woman: but the woman of the man [c.f. Genesis 2-3]. For the man was not created for the woman: but the woman for the man. Therefore ought the woman to have a power over her head, because of the angels. But yet neither is the man without the woman, nor the woman without the man, in the Lord. For as the woman is of the man, so also is the man by the woman: but all things of God. You yourselves judge. Doth it become a woman to pray unto God uncovered? Doth not even nature itself teach you that a man indeed, if he nourish his hair, it is a shame unto him? But if a woman nourish her hair, it is a glory to her; for her hair is given to her for a covering. But if any man seem to be contentious, we have no such custom, nor the Church of God [i.e., if anyone want to complain about this, we have no other way of doing things, this is our practice; all the churches believe the same way]. Now this I ordain: not praising you, that you come together, not for the better, but for the worse. " (1 Corinthians 11:1-17)
According to St. Paul, Orthodox Women veil themselves as a sign that His glory, not theirs, should be the focus at worship, and as a sign of our submission to authority. It is an outward sign of our recognizing headship, both of God and man, and a sign of our respecting the presence of the Heavenly Hosts at the Divine Liturgy. In veiling, we reflect the divine invisible order and make it visible. This St. Paul presents clearly as a practice of all the churches of his time.
THE ARGUMENT AGAINST HEADCOVERINGSFaithful Orthodox women who choose to not cover their head in church note that they believe that St. Paul was speaking as a man of his time, and that this ordinance no longer applies in modern context. They view this often more as a custom from the old world and not one that translates well into modern life. An example given is that in the "Old Country", Orthodox married women always had a head covering on to identify themselves as married and to help them protect themselves from the elements (much like to bonnets of pioneer women in the early US history). Women who choose not to wear a head covering note that several jurisdictions in the United States no longer require this custom after 1960s choosing to leave it a practice of personal piety. As a result of these issues they see no mandate for the continued veiling of American Orthodox women.
Often the detractors of those women who choose not to veil will judge them by saying their only reason for not veiling is that "veils and headscarves are not in style" or "I don't want to spoil my hair style". The reality is that for the faithful Orthodox Woman, who chooses not cover her head, there is no spiritual value to their covering their heads and so they choose to not cover their heads.
THE ARGUMENT FOR HEADCOVERINGSFaithful Orthodox women who choose to wear a head covering (veil) believe that in doing so she recalls the image of her who was vouchsafed to carry the Savior Himself. If the Most Pure and Most Blessed One herself had a covered head, shall we really consider the imitation of her as foolish or old fashioned? To these women every outward action, accompanied by the correct Christian inward disposition, brings benefit to the soul. The action of wearing a head covering is one of obedience to the Holy Scripture and the tradition of the Church. The act is so rich with symbolism to these women. They often note that it is a "submission to authority", "a surrender to God", "an imitation of the Most Holy Theotokos as a woman who uttered her "fiat!"; "the covering of my glory for His glory", and a sign of modesty and chastity. Many converts feel that the veil is a symbol of their adoption into the Holy Orthodox Church through all of the ages and the women who are their spiritual ancestors and examples. One person interviewed noted that in all the icons of Holy women, the one common point of most is the covering of their head by veil or scarf.
Just as there are detractors for those who choose not veil, those who choose to cover the head in church have their detractors who will judge them as "old fashioned and out of touch with the modern church", or " too legalistic". The reality is that for the Orthodox Woman, who chooses to cover her head, there is real spiritual value and identification with the Church in the covering of their head and so they cover their heads.
TO VEIL OR NOT TO VEIL?The Antiochian Archdiocese does not require women to cover their heads in church. Our bishops have wisely determined that this act is a voluntary pious act that has meaning to one who does it and understands why they do it. They do not require it, as an act of obedience, for those to whom it has no spiritual value. The greatest danger to our spiritual life is not whether a woman chooses to veil or not veil herself when praying, but lies in our judging her decision to do so, for when we so judge we put our own salvation in peril.
However, why is it that Orthodox clergy grow their hair long when this verse calls it a shame? Should not the same apply to them? I've always found this confusing as God Himself wore long hair as a man.
Thank you all for the thoughtful replies. I have a lot to think about.
Wear a hat/scarf if you wish. People shouldn't be focusing on your scarf, that's not the point of being in communal prayer such as the Divine Liturgy. The focus is on Christ. So wear a scarf if you want or don't but who cares what other people think, you're there for Christ.
My daughter and my wife will be attending the Vigil of the Nativity this year. I notice there is a box of scarves as you enter the 'temple' ?
Should they wear head coverings?
If that is the expectation of that particular church. Here is an exception, If your daughter is under the age of the age of "maturity" then it is usually not expected little girls to cover their heads.
I wrote an article on headcovering in the Antiochian Church, once you read it you will find the reason your priest did not openly say yes or no, basically it is because the Antiochian bishops have left it to the discretion of the woman:
Thomas - that is one of the most simple, direct, explanations of headcoverings I've read. I practice headcovering and I will plan on using your explanations if I am ever questioned why I veil. Thank you for sharing with us.
Logged
On the spiritual path somewhere between the Simpsons and St. Theophan the Recluse, but I still can't see the Springfield city limits sign yet.
Upon attending the Divine Liturgy at the nearest Church to where I live my girlfriend was told to cover her head and we were told that I must stand on the right hand side of the Church and her on the left. I had assumed this was the usual practice until reading this thread! It did always strike me as a little strange...
"But every woman praying or prophesying with her head not covered disgraceth her head: "
Okay so I normally wear a headdress to church, ever since coming across this scripture. I personally feel it was very direct and simple. So I feel good about it. Now my question is: are we supposed to wear them during ALL prayer? i.e. I find myself praying often, speaking to God frequently through out my day. Does this mean I am supposed to wear a prayer cap or head covering all the time just in case I pray? Which I do often, or is it a cover your head whn you pray more formally sort of situation? Thanks in advance y'all!
"But every woman praying or prophesying with her head not covered disgraceth her head: "
Okay so I normally wear a headdress to church, ever since coming across this scripture. I personally feel it was very direct and simple. So I feel good about it. Now my question is: are we supposed to wear them during ALL prayer? i.e. I find myself praying often, speaking to God frequently through out my day. Does this mean I am supposed to wear a prayer cap or head covering all the time just in case I pray? Which I do often, or is it a cover your head whn you pray more formally sort of situation? Thanks in advance y'all!
I knew a girl that always covered her head because she thought she was called to ceaseless prayer. She's now a monastic novice.
So, it's not truly optional and I should wear a headcovering even if others might think I'm being legalistic? I'm confused.
Don't worry if others think you're being legalistic; what you are doing is not the stumbling block, it's their pride. Don't let the judgment of others be a stumbling block to you; if it is an aid to your prayer life, then you should utilize it. If you're afraid about drawing attention, then sit in the back of the Church. Be mindful of prayer always.
One of my professors is a conservative Jew, and he made a point to mention something that I think highlights real legalism (meaning understanding a commandment in a purely legal sense).
Women are commanded in Jewish law as well to cover their heads, but I am not sure of the context as to when, where, and why. Anyway, many Orthodox Jewish woman fulfill this command by wearing a wig. The law is obeyed, and the contract is still upheld. That, my friends, is legalism.
Of course, if the wig is a long glorious blonde one complete with natural curls, then it will draw attention, and defeat the purpose of wearing a simple head scarf.
"But every woman praying or prophesying with her head not covered disgraceth her head: "
Okay so I normally wear a headdress to church, ever since coming across this scripture. I personally feel it was very direct and simple. So I feel good about it. Now my question is: are we supposed to wear them during ALL prayer? i.e. I find myself praying often, speaking to God frequently through out my day. Does this mean I am supposed to wear a prayer cap or head covering all the time just in case I pray? Which I do often, or is it a cover your head whn you pray more formally sort of situation? Thanks in advance y'all!
I knew a girl that always covered her head because she thought she was called to ceaseless prayer. She's now a monastic novice.
Thanks for that. But what does the Church say about this matter? I am new to Orthodoxy, and am eager to learn. I feel really humble when wearing one but also have a ten month old who makes it a bit difficult to wear one all the time. I have heard the argument that Mother Mary wore hers all the time and she being the Great Examply of Women, ought to serve as a reason to wear one all the time?
I have heard the argument that Mother Mary wore hers all the time and she being the Great Examply of Women, ought to serve as a reason to wear one all the time?
Probably only nuns cover their heads all the time (including the time when they sleep). Orthodox women that cover they head do it only for church services. Of course, in country a lot of old grannies wear a headscarf all the time, but it's not only in Orthodox villages.
I wear a headscarf only for pilgrimages (beside the religious aspect, it's very useful then) and sometimes when I visit monasteries. I had much more problems with wearing skirts than with head covering. For me it doesn't matter if somebody wears a head covering or not, as I said, on some occasions I like to wear it, but in 90% I don't do it just because I like my short hair (usually I use some gel but it rather does not look "rebellious"). If I were asked to do it because of a real reason, no problem. I think it's quite personal because it can be a sign not only of humility, but also of being proud.
Logged
Pray for persecuted Christians, especially in Serbian Kosovo and Raška, Egypt and Syria
Btw, is it customary for women of any Orthodox country to wear a hat instead of a scarf during services?
In Greece, it isn't. Scarves aren't common either; it's mainly the older women who wear them, especially in the countryside. Only the Old Calendarists require scarves, even from young girls. But hats are virtually nonexistent, not even for formal occasions like weddings and christenings.
Logged
'When you live your path all the time, you end up with both more path and more time.'~Venecia Rauls
I know some Greek girls who will wear headscarves when praying at home due to the words of St. Paul, but who don't do so in church because they don't wish to attract attention to themselves. We should be sensitive to the weaknesses both of those in the congregation who, thinking headscarves to be an outdated cultural thing, would judge others as legalistic, and those who avoid wearing them out of fear to be subjected to such judgment. However, this does not mean it is optional.
FWIW, in Greece it's customary for married women to cover their hair, but unmarried girls not to. This tradition is apparently fading out though. In my parish (Greek Orthodox church in Australia) I have seen only two women wearing head-scarves, and I'm still baffled by it as one was wearing a miniskirt? So perhaps this had some significance I'm not aware of.
In my opinion, if the purpose of wearing a veil is modesty, then wearing one in an environment where people would find it odd/not understand it would attract more attention and therefore defeat the purpose.
« Last Edit: February 06, 2013, 10:34:30 AM by AustralianDiaspora »
Logged
I can no longer cope with the misogynism, bigotry, homophobia and racism here and I have given up this forum. Lord have mercy.
In my opinion, if the purpose of wearing a veil is modesty, then wearing one in an environment where people would find it odd/not understand it would attract more attention and therefore defeat the purpose.
Everything religious attracts every kind of attention in every Western country. I don't want to get into discussion about whether women should cover their head or not but this is really a rather bad argument for anything considering how secularized Western countries are.
I have seen only two women wearing head-scarves, and I'm still baffled by it as one was wearing a miniskirt? So perhaps this had some significance I'm not aware of.
It's not surprising at all. It's very typical for Russia an Ukraine (don't know about Belarus). But I didn't know it happens among Greeks too. However, of course it's a bit hypocritical. As I said, I very rarely wear a veil, but I never put on miniskirts or big decolletages. Of course, it doesn't mean I'm modest and humble woman, but I think it's more important than headscarfs, because the rules (certainly many times not written down) of the length of skirts and decolletages are not only for church situations - they're more universal.
Logged
Pray for persecuted Christians, especially in Serbian Kosovo and Raška, Egypt and Syria
I have seen only two women wearing head-scarves, and I'm still baffled by it as one was wearing a miniskirt? So perhaps this had some significance I'm not aware of.
It's not surprising at all. It's very typical for Russia an Ukraine (don't know about Belarus). But I didn't know it happens among Greeks too. However, of course it's a bit hypocritical. As I said, I very rarely wear a veil, but I never put on miniskirts or big decolletages. Of course, it doesn't mean I'm modest and humble woman, but I think it's more important than headscarfs, because the rules (certainly many times not written down) of the length of skirts and decolletages are not only for church situations - they're more universal.
I agree. My bishop says that when he visits the parish in Las Vegas, some of the Russian women make sure that they have a headcovering on their heads but the rest of them is barely covered (they are wearing very short skirts and tank tops). He would much rather they forego the headcovering and wear much more modest clothing.
Why it would be somehow wrong? I could imagine priests raising their eyebrows if teenage girls arrived to the services while wearing baseball caps but I can't come up with any reason why more traditional headhear was wrong.
"But every woman praying or prophesying with her head not covered disgraceth her head: "
Okay so I normally wear a headdress to church, ever since coming across this scripture. I personally feel it was very direct and simple. So I feel good about it. Now my question is: are we supposed to wear them during ALL prayer? i.e. I find myself praying often, speaking to God frequently through out my day. Does this mean I am supposed to wear a prayer cap or head covering all the time just in case I pray? Which I do often, or is it a cover your head whn you pray more formally sort of situation? Thanks in advance y'all!
Welcome to OC.net Karaleighmum!
Logged
There are heathens that live with more virtue than I. The devil himself believes Jesus Christ is the Son of God. Neither of these things truly makes me Christian.
Wearing a scarf or dressing modestly is all good in my honest opinion.Most women in my parish does.
That's fine, but where I'm from, we did not grow up with the same cultural meaning. Covering the head simply is not associated with modesty in most modern Western societies. So when I walk around with my head uncovered (I am a woman, by the way), it does not mean I'm trying to be offensive. It's just I was not brought up with the same culture. Where I come from, the people in your parish would be the ones who stood out. I would be the normal one.
I'm a little bit tired of being told I'm "immodest" when I reveal pretty much the ends of my arms, and my face, and that's it.
Logged
He will come again with glory to judge the living and the dead. His kingdom will have no end.
Wearing a scarf or dressing modestly is all good in my honest opinion.Most women in my parish does.
That's fine, but where I'm from, we did not grow up with the same cultural meaning. Covering the head simply is not associated with modesty in most modern Western societies. So when I walk around with my head uncovered (I am a woman, by the way), it does not mean I'm trying to be offensive. It's just I was not brought up with the same culture. Where I come from, the people in your parish would be the ones who stood out. I would be the normal one.
I'm a little bit tired of being told I'm "immodest" when I reveal pretty much the ends of my arms, and my face, and that's it.
QFT! There is more to modesty than just covering your head and your body (and like you, I have very little of my body showing--I am pretty well covered except my head). If a woman can wear a headcovering and not look down on the women who don't--fine. There was a time when I did wear one. Unfortunately, especially on the internet more than real life, there sometimes seems to be a tendency to pride about wearing a headcovering and somehow seeing themselves as modest while those who don't are being immodest. That was a different time and a different culture. I don't feel that God is leading me to wear one, and most women in my parish don't wear them (including Matushka who was born and raised in Russia, though I am sure she wore one when she was in Russia). Personally, I have a lot more important things to be working on in my life than wearing a head covering. If you want to wear a headcovering, talk to your priest about it. If he gives his blessing, then wear it.
I have a friend who is a monk and was on Mt Athos for 10 years. I was talking to him about zeal and Americans. He was telling me that America is a strange place when it comes to people in Church. We are to free spoken and proud about things and the zeal of American Orthodoxy is fading. With the whole "convertitius" jokes that float around, people don't see the point of wearing a head covering. He said if you were in Russia and you didn't cover your head or you wore a short skirt, you wouldn't be let into the Church. You need to know what it is you are walking into. It's God's house, He has His rules.
I have a friend who is a monk and was on Mt Athos for 10 years. I was talking to him about zeal and Americans. He was telling me that America is a strange place when it comes to people in Church. We are to free spoken and proud about things and the zeal of American Orthodoxy is fading. With the whole "convertitius" jokes that float around, people don't see the point of wearing a head covering. He said if you were in Russia and you didn't cover your head or you wore a short skirt, you wouldn't be let into the Church. You need to know what it is you are walking into. It's God's house, He has His rules.
I don't wear short skirts. At my first liturgy, I wore one that was so long, I darn near tripped over it, and a lady grabbed my elbow just in time to keep me from keeling over.
My point was, when people don't wear the headcovering, they probably don't do it to get in your face about it. Society hasn't been that way for them since their grandparents' day. They don't associate hair with modesty, simply put. But you seem to have a bad opinion of them anyway. Sorry, not everyone is Russian or Greek or whomever. I guess only people who wear mantillas can be holy.
« Last Edit: February 06, 2013, 08:06:44 PM by biro »
Logged
He will come again with glory to judge the living and the dead. His kingdom will have no end.
I agree, biro. Also, as I pointed out, Russian women come to the church in Vegas wearing a headcovering but showing a lot of the rest of their bodies. My bishop said he would rather them skip the headcovering and cover up the rest of their bodies. Just because a woman is wearing a headcovering doesn't mean she has covered the rest of her body.
I have a friend who is a monk and was on Mt Athos for 10 years. I was talking to him about zeal and Americans. He was telling me that America is a strange place when it comes to people in Church. We are to free spoken and proud about things and the zeal of American Orthodoxy is fading. With the whole "convertitius" jokes that float around, people don't see the point of wearing a head covering. He said if you were in Russia and you didn't cover your head or you wore a short skirt, you wouldn't be let into the Church. You need to know what it is you are walking into. It's God's house, He has His rules.
But you seem to have a bad opinion of them anyway. Sorry, not everyone is Russian or Greek or whomever.
I didn't give an opinion and I didn't say to be Russian or Greek. I said in Russia. Was talking about the difference between America and other Orthodox countries. In Russia in today's time, this century and you'll see a sea of head coverings, not in America for whatever reason. To say you don't need a head covering is a statement of selfish pride. Do what the Bible says, simple as that.
"But any woman who prays or prophesies with her head uncovered disgraces her head, for it is one and the same thing as having a shaved head. 6 For if a woman will not cover her head, she should cut off her hair. But if it is disgraceful for a woman to have her hair cut off or her head shaved, she should cover her head." 1 Cor 11
So if people want to complain and say it's to old fashioned and don't want to cover their head, shave it.
My comment was not meant to point fingers at anyone. Sure there are different cultures out there and most people in my parish are from Russia, Latvia, Estonia and the countries that in some was called "The Soviet Union". I am sure that there are differences between a ethnic parish in small Norway compared to a not so ethnic parish in hugely USA or Canada. Both in dressing and attitude.
It was just an opinion and not an attempt to judge anyone.
Logged
The meaning of life is to acquire the grace of the Holy Spirit.Saint Seraphim of Sarov
In the Antiochian and Serbian churches I've attended, headcovering seems to be more a matter of personal piety and conviction. Some cover, some don't, no issue is made of it and no one appears to look down on anyone else for covering or not covering. One woman in my parish wears jaunty caps that coordinate with her outfits instead of a headscarf.
I have noticed that all women who go up for communion are covered, though some do not cover until the precommunion prayers. What is the reason for that?
Personally, I like the modesty of headcovering, and the reasons for doing it in Thomas' article also make sense. I haven't really looked into it much or discussed it with any clergy in my parish yet, but could see myself covering in church and during prayer once I'm Orthodox.
Logged
Live in South/East Auckland, Franklin or North Waikato regions of New Zealand? Interested in Orthodoxy? Need transport to an Orthodox Church? Want to meet others? Please send me a PM
"You have made us for yourself, Lord; and our hearts are restless until they rest in You" - St. Augustine (my patron saint)
In the Antiochian and Serbian churches I've attended, headcovering seems to be more a matter of personal piety and conviction. Some cover, some don't, no issue is made of it and no one appears to look down on anyone else for covering or not covering. One woman in my parish wears jaunty caps that coordinate with her outfits instead of a headscarf.
I have noticed that all women who go up for communion are covered, though some do not cover until the precommunion prayers. What is the reason for that?
Personally, I like the modesty of headcovering, and the reasons for doing it in Thomas' article also make sense. I haven't really looked into it much or discussed it with any clergy in my parish yet, but could see myself covering in church and during prayer once I'm Orthodox.
In my Antiochian parish it's similar to what you described. There are women that cover the whole time, or immediately prior to communing, but there are also some that commune without covering. Nobody seems to care about whether others are covering or not.
"But every woman praying or prophesying with her head not covered disgraceth her head: "
Okay so I normally wear a headdress to church, ever since coming across this scripture. I personally feel it was very direct and simple. So I feel good about it. Now my question is: are we supposed to wear them during ALL prayer? i.e. I find myself praying often, speaking to God frequently through out my day. Does this mean I am supposed to wear a prayer cap or head covering all the time just in case I pray? Which I do often, or is it a cover your head whn you pray more formally sort of situation? Thanks in advance y'all!
I knew a girl that always covered her head because she thought she was called to ceaseless prayer. She's now a monastic novice.
According to the scriptures, in Thessolonians, everybody should pray without ceasing - thus woman should always cover their heads.
Also the hair is the glory of women (in the scriptures) thus should be reserved for her husband and God.
"But every woman praying or prophesying with her head not covered disgraceth her head: "
Okay so I normally wear a headdress to church, ever since coming across this scripture. I personally feel it was very direct and simple. So I feel good about it. Now my question is: are we supposed to wear them during ALL prayer? i.e. I find myself praying often, speaking to God frequently through out my day. Does this mean I am supposed to wear a prayer cap or head covering all the time just in case I pray? Which I do often, or is it a cover your head whn you pray more formally sort of situation? Thanks in advance y'all!
I knew a girl that always covered her head because she thought she was called to ceaseless prayer. She's now a monastic novice.
According to the scriptures, in Thessolonians, everybody should pray without ceasing - thus woman should always cover their heads.
Also the hair is the glory of women (in the scriptures) thus should be reserved for her husband and God.
In the Antiochian and Serbian churches I've attended, headcovering seems to be more a matter of personal piety and conviction. Some cover, some don't, no issue is made of it and no one appears to look down on anyone else for covering or not covering. One woman in my parish wears jaunty caps that coordinate with her outfits instead of a headscarf.
I have noticed that all women who go up for communion are covered, though some do not cover until the precommunion prayers. What is the reason for that?
Such behaviour I've noticed in Coptic churches but I know some Orthodox women in Poland also wear a head scarf only for receiving the Holy Sacraments (confession, Communion) or only for the receiving the Holy Eucharist. No idea why. But e.g my priest asked me to wear a skirt at least when I receive the Communion, so again, it's connected with the Mysteries. And what's interesting, he said that skirt (of course not mini, but a modest one) was more important and then any veil wasn't necessary. It's something to show and feel you're feminine as God created you with your own features and tasks (I don't know if I explained it correctly).
In my Antiochian parish it's similar to what you described. There are women that cover the whole time, or immediately prior to communing, but there are also some that commune without covering. Nobody seems to care about whether others are covering or not.
That's the practice of Polish and Serbian parishes I know.
« Last Edit: February 07, 2013, 05:14:08 AM by Dominika »
Logged
Pray for persecuted Christians, especially in Serbian Kosovo and Raška, Egypt and Syria
"But every woman praying or prophesying with her head not covered disgraceth her head: "
Okay so I normally wear a headdress to church, ever since coming across this scripture. I personally feel it was very direct and simple. So I feel good about it. Now my question is: are we supposed to wear them during ALL prayer? i.e. I find myself praying often, speaking to God frequently through out my day. Does this mean I am supposed to wear a prayer cap or head covering all the time just in case I pray? Which I do often, or is it a cover your head whn you pray more formally sort of situation? Thanks in advance y'all!
I knew a girl that always covered her head because she thought she was called to ceaseless prayer. She's now a monastic novice.
According to the scriptures, in Thessolonians, everybody should pray without ceasing - thus woman should always cover their heads.
Also the hair is the glory of women (in the scriptures) thus should be reserved for her husband and God.
"But every woman praying or prophesying with her head not covered disgraceth her head: "
Okay so I normally wear a headdress to church, ever since coming across this scripture. I personally feel it was very direct and simple. So I feel good about it. Now my question is: are we supposed to wear them during ALL prayer? i.e. I find myself praying often, speaking to God frequently through out my day. Does this mean I am supposed to wear a prayer cap or head covering all the time just in case I pray? Which I do often, or is it a cover your head whn you pray more formally sort of situation? Thanks in advance y'all!
I knew a girl that always covered her head because she thought she was called to ceaseless prayer. She's now a monastic novice.
According to the scriptures, in Thessolonians, everybody should pray without ceasing - thus woman should always cover their heads.
Also the hair is the glory of women (in the scriptures) thus should be reserved for her husband and God.
Stop your Amish propaganda, please.
Amish? Propaganda?
Yeshuaisiam practices a mix of Baptist theology, Orthodox ecclesiology, and Amish mentality. It's not wrong per se however he should not present his views as Orthodox ones in this section (and a few more).
Wear it, don't wear it. Acquiesce to your conscience. If you are moved to wear a covering, do so; if not, practice humility in other ways which are not distracting to other parishioners.
The cultural import of "head covering" is no longer really in place. Empty ritual if practiced out of compulsion; rich and full ritual if practiced out of genuine movement from within by God.
That's all you need to know.
(By the way, are you sure some of you didn't just make a wrong turn into the Orthodox Church while you were actually on your way to a LARP gathering in the woods somewhere? Sweet heavenly host, it seems like some of you just want nothing more than to play dress up, live in the past, and have someplace to vent your inner patriarchal monarchist. Don't worry, I'm working on inventing a time machine so you can go back to where you wanna go: where women knew their place, when a king was on the throne, where gays and heretics could be executed for publicly violating the Church, where you could wear 'period clothing', etc. Man, when I converted to Orthodoxy it was because I was convinced of its Truth, which is alive and beautiful and life bearing, not because it gave me a place to live out weird fantasies that seem to always come back to women, sexuality, and clothing.)
"But every woman praying or prophesying with her head not covered disgraceth her head: "
Okay so I normally wear a headdress to church, ever since coming across this scripture. I personally feel it was very direct and simple. So I feel good about it. Now my question is: are we supposed to wear them during ALL prayer? i.e. I find myself praying often, speaking to God frequently through out my day. Does this mean I am supposed to wear a prayer cap or head covering all the time just in case I pray? Which I do often, or is it a cover your head whn you pray more formally sort of situation? Thanks in advance y'all!
"But every woman praying or prophesying with her head not covered disgraceth her head: "
Okay so I normally wear a headdress to church, ever since coming across this scripture. I personally feel it was very direct and simple. So I feel good about it. Now my question is: are we supposed to wear them during ALL prayer? i.e. I find myself praying often, speaking to God frequently through out my day. Does this mean I am supposed to wear a prayer cap or head covering all the time just in case I pray? Which I do often, or is it a cover your head whn you pray more formally sort of situation? Thanks in advance y'all!
I knew a girl that always covered her head because she thought she was called to ceaseless prayer. She's now a monastic novice.
According to the scriptures, in Thessolonians, everybody should pray without ceasing - thus woman should always cover their heads.
Also the hair is the glory of women (in the scriptures) thus should be reserved for her husband and God.
Actually, did not the Christian Orthodox ladies, including the Theotokos, observe the covering of their hair for the above two reasons? And did not the Amish come way after the Ancient Faith?
I should have known this about the home. On the other side, it is so easy for me as a male to tell a female how to dress. Because I do not wear a full dress at sundays in church and even if I should have.
Maybe the best thing would be tonight to pray for the converts that do face this problem and ask The Lord to guide them. He can. Nothing is impossible for Him.
Logged
The meaning of life is to acquire the grace of the Holy Spirit.Saint Seraphim of Sarov
Conquer evil men by your gentle kindness, and make zealous men wonder at your goodness. Put the lover of legality to shame by your compassion. With the afflicted be afflicted in mind. Love all men, but keep distant from all men.—St. Isaac of Syria
I agree, biro. Also, as I pointed out, Russian women come to the church in Vegas wearing a headcovering but showing a lot of the rest of their bodies. My bishop said he would rather them skip the headcovering and cover up the rest of their bodies. Just because a woman is wearing a headcovering doesn't mean she has covered the rest of her body.
Lol. I have seen this plenty often. I could have told you more about her underwear than her hair style!
But most of the women at our church who wear a head covering also dress modestly as well.
"But every woman praying or prophesying with her head not covered disgraceth her head: "
Okay so I normally wear a headdress to church, ever since coming across this scripture. I personally feel it was very direct and simple. So I feel good about it. Now my question is: are we supposed to wear them during ALL prayer? i.e. I find myself praying often, speaking to God frequently through out my day. Does this mean I am supposed to wear a prayer cap or head covering all the time just in case I pray? Which I do often, or is it a cover your head whn you pray more formally sort of situation? Thanks in advance y'all!
When before your icon corner, especially during morning and eve. prayers you certainly could cover your head as an act of piety IMHO. Jewish
Women cover their head during the lighting of Sabbath candles in the home..
« Last Edit: February 07, 2013, 06:45:07 PM by Marc1152 »
Logged
Your idea has been debunked 1000 times already.. Maybe 1001 will be the charm
(By the way, are you sure some of you didn't just make a wrong turn into the Orthodox Church while you were actually on your way to a LARP gathering in the woods somewhere? Sweet heavenly host, it seems like some of you just want nothing more than to play dress up, live in the past, and have someplace to vent your inner patriarchal monarchist. Don't worry, I'm working on inventing a time machine so you can go back to where you wanna go: where women knew their place, when a king was on the throne, where gays and heretics could be executed for publicly violating the Church, where you could wear 'period clothing', etc. Man, when I converted to Orthodoxy it was because I was convinced of its Truth, which is alive and beautiful and life bearing, not because it gave me a place to live out weird fantasies that seem to always come back to women, sexuality, and clothing.)
Yeah we get it, you're better than people who take head-coverings seriously. You'll fit in great with the self-appointed convertitis brigade on this board.
« Last Edit: February 07, 2013, 07:47:52 PM by William »
Logged
Apart from moral conduct, all that man thinks himself able to do in order to become acceptable to God is mere superstition and religious folly. - Immanuel Kant
(By the way, are you sure some of you didn't just make a wrong turn into the Orthodox Church while you were actually on your way to a LARP gathering in the woods somewhere? Sweet heavenly host, it seems like some of you just want nothing more than to play dress up, live in the past, and have someplace to vent your inner patriarchal monarchist. Don't worry, I'm working on inventing a time machine so you can go back to where you wanna go: where women knew their place, when a king was on the throne, where gays and heretics could be executed for publicly violating the Church, where you could wear 'period clothing', etc. Man, when I converted to Orthodoxy it was because I was convinced of its Truth, which is alive and beautiful and life bearing, not because it gave me a place to live out weird fantasies that seem to always come back to women, sexuality, and clothing.)
Yeah we get it, you're better than people who take head-coverings seriously. You'll fit in great with the self-appointed convertitis brigade on this board.
Actually, I have no problem with them. I think they're beautiful. I'd say a slight majority of the women in my church wear them. It's a beautiful sight to behold, I think. My wife is Episcopal, but if she ever decided to wear one when she comes to church with me, I'd have no problem.
So..nice try, but no. I just oppose theologically armwrestling someone into feeling that it's necessary or preferable.
(By the way, are you sure some of you didn't just make a wrong turn into the Orthodox Church while you were actually on your way to a LARP gathering in the woods somewhere? Sweet heavenly host, it seems like some of you just want nothing more than to play dress up, live in the past, and have someplace to vent your inner patriarchal monarchist. Don't worry, I'm working on inventing a time machine so you can go back to where you wanna go: where women knew their place, when a king was on the throne, where gays and heretics could be executed for publicly violating the Church, where you could wear 'period clothing', etc. Man, when I converted to Orthodoxy it was because I was convinced of its Truth, which is alive and beautiful and life bearing, not because it gave me a place to live out weird fantasies that seem to always come back to women, sexuality, and clothing.)
Yeah we get it, you're better than people who take head-coverings seriously. You'll fit in great with the self-appointed convertitis brigade on this board.
Actually, I have no problem with them. I think they're beautiful. I'd say a slight majority of the women in my church wear them. It's a beautiful sight to behold, I think. My wife is Episcopal, but if she ever decided to wear one when she comes to church with me, I'd have no problem.
So..nice try, but no. I just oppose theologically armwrestling someone into feeling that it's necessary or preferable.
I didn't say you opposed them, just that you're very self-righteous about people who think "it's necessary or preferable."
Logged
Apart from moral conduct, all that man thinks himself able to do in order to become acceptable to God is mere superstition and religious folly. - Immanuel Kant
"But every woman praying or prophesying with her head not covered disgraceth her head: "
Okay so I normally wear a headdress to church, ever since coming across this scripture. I personally feel it was very direct and simple. So I feel good about it. Now my question is: are we supposed to wear them during ALL prayer? i.e. I find myself praying often, speaking to God frequently through out my day. Does this mean I am supposed to wear a prayer cap or head covering all the time just in case I pray? Which I do often, or is it a cover your head whn you pray more formally sort of situation? Thanks in advance y'all!
I knew a girl that always covered her head because she thought she was called to ceaseless prayer. She's now a monastic novice.
According to the scriptures, in Thessolonians, everybody should pray without ceasing - thus woman should always cover their heads.
Also the hair is the glory of women (in the scriptures) thus should be reserved for her husband and God.
Actually, did not the Christian Orthodox ladies, including the Theotokos, observe the covering of their hair for the above two reasons? And did not the Amish come way after the Ancient Faith?
I believe the women of the Dunkard Brethren wear a head covering at all times so they are never uncovered if they should happen upon an occasion to pray.
In my opinion, if the purpose of wearing a veil is modesty, then wearing one in an environment where people would find it odd/not understand it would attract more attention and therefore defeat the purpose.
Everything religious attracts every kind of attention in every Western country. I don't want to get into discussion about whether women should cover their head or not but this is really a rather bad argument for anything considering how secularized Western countries are.
I don't see how the cause of it has any relevance if the end result is still the same. If it's common practice to do so then do it if you feel it's appropriate. If it's not common practice then take that into account when making a decision, particularly one based on modesty.
Logged
I can no longer cope with the misogynism, bigotry, homophobia and racism here and I have given up this forum. Lord have mercy.
According to the sermon I once heard delivered by Fr. Valery Lukianov, perhaps the best reason for women covering their heads at church is that it trims 30 minutes off the time it takes to get ready for church, thereby increasing the likelihood that a woman may attend the whole Divine Liturgy.
According to the sermon I once heard delivered by Fr. Valery Lukianov, perhaps the best reason for women covering their heads at church is that it trims 30 minutes off the time it takes to get ready for church, thereby increasing the likelihood that a woman may attend the whole Divine Liturgy.
According to the sermon I once heard delivered by Fr. Valery Lukianov, perhaps the best reason for women covering their heads at church is that it trims 30 minutes off the time it takes to get ready for church, thereby increasing the likelihood that a woman may attend the whole Divine Liturgy.
Weak sexist jokes.
If you attended our parish, you would see it isn't a joke at all. Several people show up late...
According to the sermon I once heard delivered by Fr. Valery Lukianov, perhaps the best reason for women covering their heads at church is that it trims 30 minutes off the time it takes to get ready for church, thereby increasing the likelihood that a woman may attend the whole Divine Liturgy.
Weak sexist jokes.
If you attended our parish, you would see it isn't a joke at all. Several people show up late...
I see you did not know Fr. Valery. More's the pity... You must imagine it said with love, warmth, and a sparkle in the eye, rather than... however you were imagining it.
That is the problem with forums like this, we do not see each other eye to eye when we write, discuss and express feelings..Even the best and wellmeant advice can turn into anger in 1-2-3 online. Sign of the times...
Logged
The meaning of life is to acquire the grace of the Holy Spirit.Saint Seraphim of Sarov
I see you did not know Fr. Valery. More's the pity... You must imagine it said with love, warmth, and a sparkle in the eye, rather than... however you were imagining it.
That is the problem with forums like this, we do not see each other eye to eye when we write, discuss and express feelings..Even the best and wellmeant advice can turn into anger in 1-2-3 online. Sign of the times...
I should have known this about the home. On the other side, it is so easy for me as a male to tell a female how to dress. Because I do not wear a full dress at sundays in church and even if I should have.
Maybe the best thing would be tonight to pray for the converts that do face this problem and ask The Lord to guide them. He can. Nothing is impossible for Him.
You know, I have noticed a lot of the nonchalance associated with to wear a head covering or not to wear a head covering is justified with the "changing of the times"...might I pose the question, who is changing the times? For Our Father is an unchanging Holy God. Is it not true that this world is in the delusions of the Devil himself? I've witnessed first hand that while things may seem simple and pure of heart and intention, those are quite often the most unnoticed of Satan's schemes to break our Divine Ascent toward the Kingdom of Heaven.
But being a convert in the makings, I speak from a fool's perspective and would love gentle, educated feedback.
I really did not mean anything cruel intentioned. I am asking as a convert for gentle educated opinions. I did not say you were a tool of the Devil's. I am just pointing out that in scripture it says very definitively one thing, and it does not say "according to the custom of the times"
I really wish people weren't so harsh on here. I just want to learn more. I am also not saying all things of this day in age are work of he Devil. They seem to be able to be tools of his if they become a distraction from the one True purpose of life. But that is probably discussion for a different thread.
So, I'm a tool of the Devil, who is responsible for the changing times.
Say you, writing on *the Internet.*
Did they have computers in Moses' day?
I did not live back in Moses`days. Sure, i`m old, a fool and not perfect either. But for the second time: this was not meant to upset you or anyone, it was just a fact that I see so often. Speaking with people online is different than having a coffee with them and talk face to face.
Sorry for causing any trouble and make anyone think, that I call them a tool for anything. It is not my intension at all.
Logged
The meaning of life is to acquire the grace of the Holy Spirit.Saint Seraphim of Sarov
I really did not mean anything cruel intentioned. I am asking as a convert for gentle educated opinions. I did not say you were a tool of the Devil's. I am just pointing out that in scripture it says very definitively one thing, and it does not say "according to the custom of the times"
I really wish people weren't so harsh on here. I just want to learn more. I am also not saying all things of this day in age are work of he Devil. They seem to be able to be tools of his if they become a distraction from the one True purpose of life. But that is probably discussion for a different thread.
Hello Karaleighmum!
Forgive me if I am speaking out of place.
I have not been on the site in a while but there has always been some wonderful, knowledgeable, and warm hearted folks here that have helped me understand the Orthodox faith in a kind, patient, and understanding way. As you are a 'newbie' I hope you find this web sight beneficial for your growth and knowledge of Orthodoxy. Perhaps you might be best off at first staying on the Convert Boards.
“The purpose of the Convert issues forum is to provide a place on the OC.net where inquirers, catechumens, and newly converted could ask their questions about the Orthodox Faith in a safe and supportive forum without retribution or recrimination.”
Peace & Grace
Logged
There are heathens that live with more virtue than I. The devil himself believes Jesus Christ is the Son of God. Neither of these things truly makes me Christian.
So, I'm a tool of the Devil, who is responsible for the changing times.
Say you, writing on *the Internet.*
Did they have computers in Moses' day?
I did not live back in Moses`days. Sure, i`m old, a fool and not perfect either. But for the second time: this was not meant to upset you or anyone, it was just a fact that I see so often. Speaking with people online is different than having a coffee with them and talk face to face.
I believe he was respoding to my above post unfortunately, which was not cruel intentioned either. Sorry for causing any trouble and make anyone think, that I call them a tool for anything. It is not my intension at all.
I really did not mean anything cruel intentioned. I am asking as a convert for gentle educated opinions. I did not say you were a tool of the Devil's. I am just pointing out that in scripture it says very definitively one thing, and it does not say "according to the custom of the times"
I really wish people weren't so harsh on here. I just want to learn more. I am also not saying all things of this day in age are work of he Devil. They seem to be able to be tools of his if they become a distraction from the one True purpose of life. But that is probably discussion for a different thread.
Perhaps you might be best off at first staying on the Convert Boards.
“The purpose of the Convert issues forum is to provide a place on the OC.net where inquirers, catechumens, and newly converted could ask their questions about the Orthodox Faith in a safe and supportive forum without retribution or recrimination.”
Yes and quite honestly, as of lately it has made me feel not so welcome around here anymore. Being reading The Orthodox Way by Bishop Kallistos Ware, I look for more of that brother and sisterhood that he expresses we all should be in here.
But please..do not misunderstand me, there are many great people around here, but there are also a lot of anger, hate and frustration.Why is that?
« Last Edit: February 08, 2013, 04:54:11 PM by Tommelomsky »
Logged
The meaning of life is to acquire the grace of the Holy Spirit.Saint Seraphim of Sarov
You know, I have noticed a lot of the nonchalance associated with to wear a head covering or not to wear a head covering is justified with the "changing of the times"...might I pose the question, who is changing the times? For Our Father is an unchanging Holy God. Is it not true that this world is in the delusions of the Devil himself? I've witnessed first hand that while things may seem simple and pure of heart and intention, those are quite often the most unnoticed of Satan's schemes to break our Divine Ascent toward the Kingdom of Heaven.
But being a convert in the makings, I speak from a fool's perspective and would love gentle, educated feedback.
God Bless
being able to distinguish between [t]radition and [T]radition is a very valid concern. I am not qualified to speak on the matter authoritatively. But I do read a lot, and listen a lot, and it seems to me that the idea of headcoverings is possibly one that was borne out of specific cultural contexts which weighted the practice with theological significance. When the cultural context is gone, the mandate follows.
Your point about who changes the times is a good one. But it, too, does not have an easy answer. Because all of us can agree that SOME changes in society are evil, while others are simply historical and cultural inevitabilities.
As Brio said, you are on the internet right now. There is no scriptural mandate for anything on the internet specifically, though the spirit of the scriptures and the Tradition can certainly be applied to the Internet in a general sense.
You don't want to go down the road of ignoring historical context or it's going to get very difficult for you.
According to the sermon I once heard delivered by Fr. Valery Lukianov, perhaps the best reason for women covering their heads at church is that it trims 30 minutes off the time it takes to get ready for church, thereby increasing the likelihood that a woman may attend the whole Divine Liturgy.
Weak sexist jokes.
Not really since it's probably true in most cases.
Not in my case though since I spent a lot more time choocing proper sunday clothes for myself than my former girfriend did for choocing for herself. I wonder why we aren't together anymore.
So, I'm a tool of the Devil, who is responsible for the changing times.
Say you, writing on *the Internet.*
Did they have computers in Moses' day?
The Convert Issues board is supposed to be a safe environment for converts to ask genuine questions without fear of derision. Is that so hard?
Derision? She, in my opinion, derided people who aren't as adherent to this practice as herself. I thought I was allowed to present a point of view too, because some of us don't appreciate the idea that those who don't wear coverings are socially susceptible to evil influences. If she makes a post, can't others respond to it? The practice of hair scarves for women isn't followed where I live. Hasn't been for a long time. If she wants to wear the covering, she can. But I disagreed with her reasoning on why some people don't wear it.
Thought that might be relevant.
Logged
He will come again with glory to judge the living and the dead. His kingdom will have no end.
So, I'm a tool of the Devil, who is responsible for the changing times.
Say you, writing on *the Internet.*
Did they have computers in Moses' day?
The Convert Issues board is supposed to be a safe environment for converts to ask genuine questions without fear of derision. Is that so hard?
Derision? She, in my opinion, derided people who aren't as adherent to this practice as herself. I thought I was allowed to present a point of view too, because some of us don't appreciate the idea that those who don't wear coverings are socially susceptible to evil influences. If she makes a post, can't others respond to it? The practice of hair scarves for women isn't followed where I live. Hasn't been for a long time. If she wants to wear the covering, she can. But I disagreed with her reasoning on why some people don't wear it.
Thought that might be relevant.
Okay I was not claiming that that is why some people do not where it. I was just posting a thought. I am certainly not saying that I know better than others or that how I do things is better than anyone else. I really thought that forming a brotherhood and sisterhood would be sweet, but thus far on this site I have discovered a lot of sarcasm, which is really saddening. Here I was posting a genuine concern and question about the world in general and you did not need to take it so harshly. I was having a conversation with the father at the Orthodox Church I attend and we were speaking on how the culture is taking the Church away from it's ancient teachings and rituals, trying to accommodate "the changing times" which got me thinking about this topic when I stumbled upon the thread. I feel it is a valid concern not to be taken personally, rather noted.
You know, I have noticed a lot of the nonchalance associated with to wear a head covering or not to wear a head covering is justified with the "changing of the times"...might I pose the question, who is changing the times? For Our Father is an unchanging Holy God. Is it not true that this world is in the delusions of the Devil himself? I've witnessed first hand that while things may seem simple and pure of heart and intention, those are quite often the most unnoticed of Satan's schemes to break our Divine Ascent toward the Kingdom of Heaven.
But being a convert in the makings, I speak from a fool's perspective and would love gentle, educated feedback.
God Bless
being able to distinguish between [t]radition and [T]radition is a very valid concern. I am not qualified to speak on the matter authoritatively. But I do read a lot, and listen a lot, and it seems to me that the idea of headcoverings is possibly one that was borne out of specific cultural contexts which weighted the practice with theological significance. When the cultural context is gone, the mandate follows.
Your point about who changes the times is a good one. But it, too, does not have an easy answer. Because all of us can agree that SOME changes in society are evil, while others are simply historical and cultural inevitabilities.
As Brio said, you are on the internet right now. There is no scriptural mandate for anything on the internet specifically, though the spirit of the scriptures and the Tradition can certainly be applied to the Internet in a general sense.
You don't want to go down the road of ignoring historical context or it's going to get very difficult for you.
I appreciate the recognition of my concerns. I am rather curious about the Scripture which could be applied to the internet, though that is not on topic with the thread.
If the headdress thing is one of cultural times, would it not have been included? Scripture does not say "according to cultural tradition" which is my main point. I don't know, I find this intriguing not just simply due to to wear or not to wear, but for the larger implications of my statement as well.
You know, I have noticed a lot of the nonchalance associated with to wear a head covering or not to wear a head covering is justified with the "changing of the times"...might I pose the question, who is changing the times? For Our Father is an unchanging Holy God. Is it not true that this world is in the delusions of the Devil himself? I've witnessed first hand that while things may seem simple and pure of heart and intention, those are quite often the most unnoticed of Satan's schemes to break our Divine Ascent toward the Kingdom of Heaven.
But being a convert in the makings, I speak from a fool's perspective and would love gentle, educated feedback.
God Bless
being able to distinguish between [t]radition and [T]radition is a very valid concern. I am not qualified to speak on the matter authoritatively. But I do read a lot, and listen a lot, and it seems to me that the idea of headcoverings is possibly one that was borne out of specific cultural contexts which weighted the practice with theological significance. When the cultural context is gone, the mandate follows.
Your point about who changes the times is a good one. But it, too, does not have an easy answer. Because all of us can agree that SOME changes in society are evil, while others are simply historical and cultural inevitabilities.
As Brio said, you are on the internet right now. There is no scriptural mandate for anything on the internet specifically, though the spirit of the scriptures and the Tradition can certainly be applied to the Internet in a general sense.
You don't want to go down the road of ignoring historical context or it's going to get very difficult for you.
I appreciate the recognition of my concerns. I am rather curious about the Scripture which could be applied to the internet, though that is not on topic with the thread.
If the headdress thing is one of cultural times, would it not have been included? Scripture does not say "according to cultural tradition" which is my main point. I don't know, I find this intriguing not just simply due to to wear or not to wear, but for the larger implications of my statement as well.
Nonetheless, I appreciate the gentle response
Well, any scriptures that exhort us to be pure, loving, gentle, etc., can be applied to any interpersonal conduct, including the Web.
Also, you won't find "according to cultural tradition" anywhere in scripture, but it's implicit and necessarily is informed by cultural tradition. Many biblical scholars recognize that it's possible, likely even, that each of the 4 Gospel accounts were written with an intended audience in mind. That is why we see, for example, that John's gospel is so heavily concerned with appealing - subtly and not so subtly - to a Jewish audience, concerned with showing Jesus as the Messiah.
Culture matters. Meaning, language, and praxis grow up together with a culture.
You know, I have noticed a lot of the nonchalance associated with to wear a head covering or not to wear a head covering is justified with the "changing of the times"...might I pose the question, who is changing the times? For Our Father is an unchanging Holy God. Is it not true that this world is in the delusions of the Devil himself? I've witnessed first hand that while things may seem simple and pure of heart and intention, those are quite often the most unnoticed of Satan's schemes to break our Divine Ascent toward the Kingdom of Heaven.
But being a convert in the makings, I speak from a fool's perspective and would love gentle, educated feedback.
God Bless
I understand your concern.
For 16 years, I was mocked and told that I was being legalistic for wearing a headcovering only to receive Holy Communion. Note: I was not wearing this mantilla during the entire Divine Liturgy as the priest told me that there were some feminists present in the church who would give me dirty looks should I dare to wear it for the entire Divine Liturgy or worse gossip about me while the sermon was being delivered. This did occur in the OCA, in the GOARCH, and in the Antiochian parishes that I visited because most of the women in those parishes were very concerned with their hair-do. Thus, to wear a scarf would positively flatten all the work they had done to prepare their hair for the Divine Liturgy. Oh, vanity of vanity.
Thus, I finally left the worldwide Orthodox jurisdictions and joined the traditional jurisdiction known as Genuine Church of Greece (GOC) under Kallinikos, where we pray the Canon of Holy Communion before coming to the Church. We simply do not have time to curl, spray, and prepare our hair for all the world to see. We come to church to worship and give thanks (Eucharist) to Christ, our Lord, God, and Savior.
For 16 years, I was mocked and told that I was being legalistic for wearing a headcovering only to receive Holy Communion. Note: I was not wearing this mantilla during the entire Divine Liturgy as the priest told me that there were some feminists present in the church who would give me dirty looks should I dare to wear it for the entire Divine Liturgy or worse gossip about me while the sermon was being delivered.
that's a shame. that shouldn't be happening on either side of the issue -- the wearers OR those who don't.
Yes and quite honestly, as of lately it has made me feel not so welcome around here anymore. Being reading The Orthodox Way by Bishop Kallistos Ware, I look for more of that brother and sisterhood that he expresses we all should be in here.
But please..do not misunderstand me, there are many great people around here, but there are also a lot of anger, hate and frustration.Why is that?
I experienced anger, hate, and frustration while I was a catechumen too. It was like the feminist people in the parish felt threatened by me because I was willing to listen to the priest and be obedient. They, on the other hand, would not obey him, but instead would publicly deride the priest at every opportunity. In fact, these so-called "Orthodox Christians" kicked out their devout priests from the parish because they did not like to be told that they should frequent the sacrament of Holy Confession, where they feared a justified reprimand from the priest.
You know, I have noticed a lot of the nonchalance associated with to wear a head covering or not to wear a head covering is justified with the "changing of the times"...might I pose the question, who is changing the times? For Our Father is an unchanging Holy God. Is it not true that this world is in the delusions of the Devil himself? I've witnessed first hand that while things may seem simple and pure of heart and intention, those are quite often the most unnoticed of Satan's schemes to break our Divine Ascent toward the Kingdom of Heaven.
But being a convert in the makings, I speak from a fool's perspective and would love gentle, educated feedback.
God Bless
I understand your concern.
For 16 years, I was mocked and told that I was being legalistic for wearing a headcovering only to receive Holy Communion. Note: I was not wearing this mantilla during the entire Divine Liturgy as the priest told me that there were some feminists present in the church who would give me dirty looks should I dare to wear it for the entire Divine Liturgy or worse gossip about me while the sermon was being delivered. This did occur in the OCA, in the GOARCH, and in the Antiochian parishes that I visited because most of the women in those parishes were very concerned with their hair-do. Thus, to wear a scarf would positively flatten all the work they had done to prepare their hair for the Divine Liturgy. Oh, vanity of vanity.
Thus, I finally left the worldwide Orthodox jurisdictions and joined the traditional jurisdiction known as Genuine Church of Greece (GOC) under Kallinikos, where we pray the Canon of Holy Communion before coming to the Church. We simply do not have time to curl, spray, and prepare our hair for all the world to see. We come to church to worship and give thanks (Eucharist) to Christ, our Lord, God, and Savior.
I admire your pious faith sister. I hate that you had to go into schism because of what you encountered, we need people like you in our churches to straighten this stuff out and rid the church of evil modernist ideas!
Logged
Most Holy Theotokos, Save Us!Lord Jesus Christ, Son of God, Have Mercy Upon Me a Sinner!
Upon attending the Divine Liturgy at the nearest Church to where I live my girlfriend was told to cover her head and we were told that I must stand on the right hand side of the Church and her on the left. I had assumed this was the usual practice until reading this thread! It did always strike me as a little strange...
For 16 years, I was mocked and told that I was being legalistic for wearing a headcovering only to receive Holy Communion. Note: I was not wearing this mantilla during the entire Divine Liturgy as the priest told me that there were some feminists present in the church who would give me dirty looks should I dare to wear it for the entire Divine Liturgy or worse gossip about me while the sermon was being delivered.
that's a shame. that shouldn't be happening on either side of the issue -- the wearers OR those who don't.
i agree completely. The Lord wants us to love one another, not be cruel.
In regards to headcoverings, why does everyone seem to forget St. Paul's last words in regards to the issue? "But if anyone seems to be contentious, we have no such custom, nor do the churches of God." I don't entirely understand what he means, but it seems to be indicating that if contention is brought due to the headcoverings issue, then the Churches should individually judge when and when not to require a woman to wear a headcovering. In which case, I'd say, why are headcoverings such a big issue to some people? Why not just allow the individual jurisdictions handle it in a way they see fit for their parishioners?
Yes and quite honestly, as of lately it has made me feel not so welcome around here anymore. Being reading The Orthodox Way by Bishop Kallistos Ware, I look for more of that brother and sisterhood that he expresses we all should be in here.
But please..do not misunderstand me, there are many great people around here, but there are also a lot of anger, hate and frustration.Why is that?
I experienced anger, hate, and frustration while I was a catechumen too. It was like the feminist people in the parish felt threatened by me because I was willing to listen to the priest and be obedient. They, on the other hand, would not obey him, but instead would publicly deride the priest at every opportunity. In fact, these so-called "Orthodox Christians" kicked out their devout priests from the parish because they did not like to be told that they should frequent the sacrament of Holy Confession, where they feared a justified reprimand from the priest.
Your post made me think. A good deal too and I feel so sad for the priest and other priests that has to go through similar responses. I am so glad that my parish is not like that, even if I sometimes notices that the russian speakers are a bit sceptic, but they have seen my face so many times now, that it has changed to curiousness. Hopefully soon, we will talk to each other instead.
Here, the parishoners are also being adviced to frequently use the sacrament of Holy confession, which I do look forward to as well.So in that way, I suppose one fastly can be labeled as legalistic. But that is just fine. I can live with it.
Logged
The meaning of life is to acquire the grace of the Holy Spirit.Saint Seraphim of Sarov
So, I'm a tool of the Devil, who is responsible for the changing times.
Say you, writing on *the Internet.*
Did they have computers in Moses' day?
The Convert Issues board is supposed to be a safe environment for converts to ask genuine questions without fear of derision. Is that so hard?
Derision? She, in my opinion, derided people who aren't as adherent to this practice as herself. I thought I was allowed to present a point of view too, because some of us don't appreciate the idea that those who don't wear coverings are socially susceptible to evil influences. If she makes a post, can't others respond to it? The practice of hair scarves for women isn't followed where I live. Hasn't been for a long time. If she wants to wear the covering, she can. But I disagreed with her reasoning on why some people don't wear it.
Thought that might be relevant.
Seeing that your current warning is precisely for exceeding the bounds of what is appropriate for you, a non-Orthodox Christian, to post on this Convert Issues section, I would think you'd be more careful to not get into any arguments with anyone here. What you are doing here on this thread borders on more of the same conduct that got you warned before, and if it continues, you will likely draw for yourself some time on post moderation. Again, referring back to the recently published board guidelines, only discussion without debate or polemics is permitted on Convert Issues, and only from the Orthodox point of view. Here you are permitted to clarify misconceptions about your faith, but you are not permitted to preach your faith or argue against the Orthodox faith. If you continue with your growing hostility on this section, you will be placed on post moderation, and your offending posts will be moved off this thread to a more appropriate location.
I hope I'm making myself clear. If not, please send Thomas, me, or any of the moderators a PM asking for clarification.
For 16 years, I was mocked and told that I was being legalistic for wearing a headcovering only to receive Holy Communion. Note: I was not wearing this mantilla during the entire Divine Liturgy as the priest told me that there were some feminists present in the church who would give me dirty looks should I dare to wear it for the entire Divine Liturgy or worse gossip about me while the sermon was being delivered.
that's a shame. that shouldn't be happening on either side of the issue -- the wearers OR those who don't.
i agree completely. The Lord wants us to love one another, not be cruel.
Exactly, we are to forgive and to love one another as Christ has first loved us.
I am honestly asking, not trolling: If women covering their hair is not theologically relevant anymore, then is it not permissible that men might wear a hat to church, as that also originally had theological grounding?
I am honestly asking, not trolling: If women covering their hair is not theologically relevant anymore, then is it not permissible that men might wear a hat to church, as that also originally had theological grounding?
I am honestly asking, not trolling: If women covering their hair is not theologically relevant anymore, then is it not permissible that men might wear a hat to church, as that also originally had theological grounding?
Are you sayng that Scripture does or does not allow for men to wear hats to church? Because Corinthians (the same scripture referring to women) says that if a man were to cover his head it would be a dishonor.
For 16 years, I was mocked and told that I was being legalistic for wearing a headcovering only to receive Holy Communion. Note: I was not wearing this mantilla during the entire Divine Liturgy as the priest told me that there were some feminists present in the church who would give me dirty looks should I dare to wear it for the entire Divine Liturgy or worse gossip about me while the sermon was being delivered.
that's a shame. that shouldn't be happening on either side of the issue -- the wearers OR those who don't.
i agree completely. The Lord wants us to love one another, not be cruel.
Exactly, we are to forgive and to love one another as Christ has first loved us.
Amen sister!! I am really grateful this thread has come back to a gentle loving discussion, praise the Lord!
I am honestly asking, not trolling: If women covering their hair is not theologically relevant anymore, then is it not permissible that men might wear a hat to church, as that also originally had theological grounding?
I would argue that it was cultural (not theological) then, and it is so today as well. And since it is culturally unacceptable, at least in conservative circles, I would think the prohibition of hats (except funny ones on clergy) would stand. Perhaps it falls under the category of submitting ot "every ordinance of man" in 1 Pet. 2:13-17? I dunno, just thinking out loud.
Why do people have to debate so much on these issues. You are turning these issues into gods and are worshiping them.
Love the Lord, love each other, worry about your own sins and cast your worries at the feet of the Lord. If you have such worries about wearing a head-covering, present it to the Lord. If He want's you to wear one, He will let you know.
I am honestly asking, not trolling: If women covering their hair is not theologically relevant anymore, then is it not permissible that men might wear a hat to church, as that also originally had theological grounding?
If some Ethiopian Orthodox men still cover their heads when receiving Communion, then why do women somehow feel they can exempt themselves?
In fact, why are these holy customs dying out today?
In the end times, it is mentioned that good will be considered "bad," and that bad will be considered "good."
It seems that we have already reached that tipping point where those who want to observe high fashions accuse those few women who want to observe the holy tradition of covering their heads and bodies of being legalistic and proud. Now who is judging who?
Why do people have to debate so much on these issues. You are turning these issues into gods and are worshiping them.
Love the Lord, love each other, worry about your own sins and cast your worries at the feet of the Lord. If you have such worries about wearing a head-covering, present it to the Lord. If He want's you to wear one, He will let you know.
We are just having a discussion.
It seems like the minority of Orthodox Christians who are observing the holy tradition of wearing headcoverings, wearing long modest clothing that covers one's body, coming to Great Vespers on Saturday evening, going regularly to Holy Confession, saying the Canon of Communion, and even observing the fasts and feasts are often accused of being "legalists," "proud," and "more holy than the Greek Patriarch."
/rant/ Listen, those of us who want to follow the ancient and Holy Traditions of Holy Orthodoxy should be allowed to do so, but no, the minimalists will not leave us alone. Why cannot they mind their own business?/end of rant/
Back on topic. Let us forgive and love one another.
Let us dwell in unity and not discourage others from observing the Holy Traditions.
I've already made the commitment to do all of those things Maria stated and live ultra "hyperdox" when I become an adult; the only reason I don't right now is because I'm still at the mercy of a heterodox family. You can't really observe all of the fasts when you eat what your mom cooks.
I've already made the commitment to do all of those things Maria stated and live ultra "hyperdox" when I become an adult; the only reason I don't right now is because I'm still at the mercy of a heterodox family. You can't really observe all of the fasts when you eat what your mom cooks.
Actually, it is best to honor your Mom and Dad and to eat and use the things they provide with thanksgiving.
In this way, they may convert to Orthodoxy. Then you will have to be a good example, so that they do not become "hyperdox.."
How quickly we go off topic and take a meaningful discussion into the area of innuendo, attack, and allow Satan to allow anger and sarcasm to lead us off topic. I apologize for not intervening earlier yesterday but I was sick and did not go on-line to nip this in the bud. Thank you brother Peter for doing so .
I am bringing the topic back on topic again with the following quote from the article I cited earlier in the discussion on page One:
"The Antiochian Archdiocese does not require women to cover their heads in church. Our bishops have wisely determined that this act is a voluntary pious act that has meaning to one who does it and understands why they do it. They do not require it, as an act of obedience, for those to whom it has no spiritual value. The greatest danger to our spiritual life is not whether a woman chooses to veil or not veil herself when praying, but lies in our judging her decision to do so, for when we so judge we put our own salvation in peril." (underlining emphasis was added for this posting alone)
With this statement let us return to Christian and charitable discussion of this issue without violating the purpose of the Convert Issues Forum. Any further off topic or un-Christian behavior will force me to close this topic.
It seems like the minority of Orthodox Christians who are observing the holy tradition of wearing headcoverings, wearing long modest clothing that covers one's body, coming to Great Vespers on Saturday evening, going regularly to Holy Confession, saying the Canon of Communion, and even observing the fasts and feasts are often accused of being "legalists," "proud," and "more holy than the Greek Patriarch."
aren't you kind of assuming that women who don't wear a headcovering are also concerned with "the latest fashions"? I see women at my church who do neither. They don't wear a headcovering, yet they wear their hair plain and modest on Sundays.
I really did not mean anything cruel intentioned. I am asking as a convert for gentle educated opinions. I did not say you were a tool of the Devil's. I am just pointing out that in scripture it says very definitively one thing, and it does not say "according to the custom of the times"
I really wish people weren't so harsh on here. I just want to learn more. I am also not saying all things of this day in age are work of he Devil. They seem to be able to be tools of his if they become a distraction from the one True purpose of life. But that is probably discussion for a different thread.
So incredibly true.
Also, people being late for church: am I the only one who arrives on time to an empty church and leaves barely being able to get out the door? Our liturgy goes for three hours and people don't really start arriving until at least an hour into it.
Logged
I can no longer cope with the misogynism, bigotry, homophobia and racism here and I have given up this forum. Lord have mercy.
I really did not mean anything cruel intentioned. I am asking as a convert for gentle educated opinions. I did not say you were a tool of the Devil's. I am just pointing out that in scripture it says very definitively one thing, and it does not say "according to the custom of the times"
I really wish people weren't so harsh on here. I just want to learn more. I am also not saying all things of this day in age are work of he Devil. They seem to be able to be tools of his if they become a distraction from the one True purpose of life. But that is probably discussion for a different thread.
So incredibly true.
Also, people being late for church: am I the only one who arrives on time to an empty church and leaves barely being able to get out the door? Our liturgy goes for three hours and people don't really start arriving until at least an hour into it.
Same here.
Logged
He will come again with glory to judge the living and the dead. His kingdom will have no end.
Why do people have to debate so much on these issues. You are turning these issues into gods and are worshiping them.
Love the Lord, love each other, worry about your own sins and cast your worries at the feet of the Lord. If you have such worries about wearing a head-covering, present it to the Lord. If He want's you to wear one, He will let you know.
It seems to be a uniquely U.S thing. I've never seen the issue of head coverings come up here in Australia and the Greeks in my family and at church don't make an issue of it either. It's ironic that something like a head covering - which occurred in a cultural context - can be appropriated in good faith yet belief in The Evil Eye, which exists in every Orthodox country, is considered pagan. It would be nice if there was more respect for the cultures in which Orthodoxy developed in Western countries rather than Westerners picking what is Real Orthodoxy and what is not.
« Last Edit: February 09, 2013, 11:26:17 AM by AustralianDiaspora »
Logged
I can no longer cope with the misogynism, bigotry, homophobia and racism here and I have given up this forum. Lord have mercy.
I want to apologize for my poor behavior. I've been kind of a yutz lately.
I'm working on it.
I don't mind a bit of spice here and there myself, when the intent is to sweeten as yours is most of the time, mazel tov!
Logged
To God be the Glory in all things! Amen!
Only pray for me, that God would give me both inward and outward strength, that I may not only speak, but truly will; and that I may not merely be called a Christian, but really be found to be one. St.Ignatius of Antioch.Epistle to the Romans.
This is true. And you should have seen the looks that I got from priests from other jurisdictions when we enforced this during a recent service where all the local priests decided to come to our Church where a visiting Bishop (Old Calendar) was serving.
Logged
I would be happy to agree with you, but then both of us would be wrong.
For 16 years, I was mocked and told that I was being legalistic for wearing a headcovering only to receive Holy Communion. Note: I was not wearing this mantilla during the entire Divine Liturgy as the priest told me that there were some feminists present in the church who would give me dirty looks should I dare to wear it for the entire Divine Liturgy or worse gossip about me while the sermon was being delivered.
that's a shame. that shouldn't be happening on either side of the issue -- the wearers OR those who don't.
i agree completely. The Lord wants us to love one another, not be cruel.
Exactly, we are to forgive and to love one another as Christ has first loved us.
Amen sister!! I am really grateful this thread has come back to a gentle loving discussion, praise the Lord!
Thanks Karaleighmum.
Bringing this thread back on topic once again.
Can women who choose to wear a headcovering be treated with Christian love and respect?Actually, if one considers the vast expanse of Russia, the majority of women in the Orthodox Church do cover their heads. America is not the norm.
This is true. And you should have seen the looks that I got from priests from other jurisdictions when we enforced this during a recent service where all the local priests decided to come to our Church where a visiting Bishop (Old Calendar) was serving.
Why do people have to debate so much on these issues. You are turning these issues into gods and are worshiping them.
Love the Lord, love each other, worry about your own sins and cast your worries at the feet of the Lord. If you have such worries about wearing a head-covering, present it to the Lord. If He want's you to wear one, He will let you know.
I do not think we are turning them into gods, at least I know for certain I am not. I believe we are just discussing the cultural implications of a head covering and it seems to me that cultural decisions have more jurisdiction over the issue than the Word we were given to abide by.
"If He want's you to wear one, He will let you know."
He did: "1 Corinthians 11New King James Version (NKJV)11 Imitate me, just as I also imitate Christ.
Head Coverings
2 Now I praise you, brethren, that you remember me in all things and keep the traditions just as I delivered them to you. 3 But I want you to know that the head of every man is Christ, the head of woman is man, and the head of Christ is God. 4 Every man praying or prophesying, having his head covered, dishonors his head. 5 But every woman who prays or prophesies with her head uncovered dishonors her head, for that is one and the same as if her head were shaved. 6 For if a woman is not covered, let her also be shorn. But if it is shameful for a woman to be shorn or shaved, let her be covered. 7 For a man indeed ought not to cover his head, since he is the image and glory of God; but woman is the glory of man. 8 For man is not from woman, but woman from man. 9 Nor was man created for the woman, but woman for the man. 10 For this reason the woman ought to have a symbol of authority on her head, because of the angels. 11 Nevertheless, neither is man independent of woman, nor woman independent of man, in the Lord. 12 For as woman came from man, even so man also comes through woman; but all things are from God."
Why do people have to debate so much on these issues. You are turning these issues into gods and are worshiping them.
Love the Lord, love each other, worry about your own sins and cast your worries at the feet of the Lord. If you have such worries about wearing a head-covering, present it to the Lord. If He want's you to wear one, He will let you know.
I do not think we are turning them into gods, at least I know for certain I am not. I believe we are just discussing the cultural implications of a head covering and it seems to me that cultural decisions have more jurisdiction over the issue than the Word we were given to abide by.
"If He want's you to wear one, He will let you know."
He did: "1 Corinthians 11New King James Version (NKJV)11 Imitate me, just as I also imitate Christ.
Head Coverings
2 Now I praise you, brethren, that you remember me in all things and keep the traditions just as I delivered them to you. 3 But I want you to know that the head of every man is Christ, the head of woman is man, and the head of Christ is God. 4 Every man praying or prophesying, having his head covered, dishonors his head. 5 But every woman who prays or prophesies with her head uncovered dishonors her head, for that is one and the same as if her head were shaved. 6 For if a woman is not covered, let her also be shorn. But if it is shameful for a woman to be shorn or shaved, let her be covered. 7 For a man indeed ought not to cover his head, since he is the image and glory of God; but woman is the glory of man. 8 For man is not from woman, but woman from man. 9 Nor was man created for the woman, but woman for the man. 10 For this reason the woman ought to have a symbol of authority on her head, because of the angels. 11 Nevertheless, neither is man independent of woman, nor woman independent of man, in the Lord. 12 For as woman came from man, even so man also comes through woman; but all things are from God."
But was the word of Scripture written in a vacuum, or dropped on us whole and intact from the sky?
Why do people have to debate so much on these issues. You are turning these issues into gods and are worshiping them.
Love the Lord, love each other, worry about your own sins and cast your worries at the feet of the Lord. If you have such worries about wearing a head-covering, present it to the Lord. If He want's you to wear one, He will let you know.
I do not think we are turning them into gods, at least I know for certain I am not. I believe we are just discussing the cultural implications of a head covering and it seems to me that cultural decisions have more jurisdiction over the issue than the Word we were given to abide by.
"If He want's you to wear one, He will let you know."
He did: "1 Corinthians 11New King James Version (NKJV)11 Imitate me, just as I also imitate Christ.
Head Coverings
2 Now I praise you, brethren, that you remember me in all things and keep the traditions just as I delivered them to you. 3 But I want you to know that the head of every man is Christ, the head of woman is man, and the head of Christ is God. 4 Every man praying or prophesying, having his head covered, dishonors his head. 5 But every woman who prays or prophesies with her head uncovered dishonors her head, for that is one and the same as if her head were shaved. 6 For if a woman is not covered, let her also be shorn. But if it is shameful for a woman to be shorn or shaved, let her be covered. 7 For a man indeed ought not to cover his head, since he is the image and glory of God; but woman is the glory of man. 8 For man is not from woman, but woman from man. 9 Nor was man created for the woman, but woman for the man. 10 For this reason the woman ought to have a symbol of authority on her head, because of the angels. 11 Nevertheless, neither is man independent of woman, nor woman independent of man, in the Lord. 12 For as woman came from man, even so man also comes through woman; but all things are from God."
But was the word of Scripture written in a vacuum, or dropped on us whole and intact from the sky?
The Orthodox Christian Church has always and in all places urged women to cover their heads from the beginning of Christianity. Unfortunately, the modernists of the 20th century have urged women to free themselves sexually, and thus to stop wearing the headcovering, which is a sign of modesty.
Even St. Nectarios of Aegina in the early 20th century lamented the changes wrought by his priestly contemporaries to change the priestly appearance by the removal of facial hair and the cessation of the frock by priests. These highly educated innovative modernists and ecumenists, including the freemason Patriarch Meletius, urged the wearing of either business suits or the Roman collar by priests.
In other words, all forms of modest apparel in men and women have now been shunned, and the Scriptures that advocate modesty have been questioned as not representing our Sacred and Holy Traditions.
Also appalling is the use of big "T" and little "t" for our Sacred Traditions, as such has crept in from Roman Catholicism and is not part of Holy Orthodoxy. We see the fruit of this insidious modernism today with the fashion industry creating more and more revealing garments that would make most nuns and the Most Holy Theotokos weep.
Please keep to the topic at hand, and avoid such polemics to disparage the reading and the keeping of our Sacred Scriptures. Our catechumens and inquirers do not need to be harassed for wanting to keep our Holy Traditions such as the wearing of headcoverings and modest dress, especially if their priests have urged them to keep these Holy Traditions.
Why do people have to debate so much on these issues. You are turning these issues into gods and are worshiping them.
Love the Lord, love each other, worry about your own sins and cast your worries at the feet of the Lord. If you have such worries about wearing a head-covering, present it to the Lord. If He want's you to wear one, He will let you know.
I do not think we are turning them into gods, at least I know for certain I am not. I believe we are just discussing the cultural implications of a head covering and it seems to me that cultural decisions have more jurisdiction over the issue than the Word we were given to abide by.
"If He want's you to wear one, He will let you know."
He did: "1 Corinthians 11New King James Version (NKJV)11 Imitate me, just as I also imitate Christ.
Head Coverings
2 Now I praise you, brethren, that you remember me in all things and keep the traditions just as I delivered them to you. 3 But I want you to know that the head of every man is Christ, the head of woman is man, and the head of Christ is God. 4 Every man praying or prophesying, having his head covered, dishonors his head. 5 But every woman who prays or prophesies with her head uncovered dishonors her head, for that is one and the same as if her head were shaved. 6 For if a woman is not covered, let her also be shorn. But if it is shameful for a woman to be shorn or shaved, let her be covered. 7 For a man indeed ought not to cover his head, since he is the image and glory of God; but woman is the glory of man. 8 For man is not from woman, but woman from man. 9 Nor was man created for the woman, but woman for the man. 10 For this reason the woman ought to have a symbol of authority on her head, because of the angels. 11 Nevertheless, neither is man independent of woman, nor woman independent of man, in the Lord. 12 For as woman came from man, even so man also comes through woman; but all things are from God."
But was the word of Scripture written in a vacuum, or dropped on us whole and intact from the sky?
The Orthodox Christian Church has always and in all places urged women to cover their heads from the beginning of Christianity. Unfortunately, the modernists of the 20th century have urged women to free themselves sexually, and thus to stop wearing the headcovering, which is a sign of modesty.
Even St. Nectarios of Aegina in the early 20th century lamented the changes wrought by his priestly contemporaries to change the priestly appearance by the removal of facial hair and the cessation of the frock by priests. These highly educated innovative modernists and ecumenists, including the freemason Patriarch Meletius, urged the wearing of either business suits or the Roman collar by priests.
In other words, all forms of modest apparel in men and women have now been shunned, and the Scriptures that advocate modesty have been questioned as not representing our Sacred and Holy Traditions.
Also appalling is the use of big "T" and little "t" for our Sacred Traditions, as such has crept in from Roman Catholicism and is not part of Holy Orthodoxy. We see the fruit of this insidious modernism today with the fashion industry creating more and more revealing garments that would make most nuns and the Most Holy Theotokos weep.
Please keep to the topic at hand, and avoid such polemics to disparage the reading and the keeping of our Sacred Scriptures.
Our catechumens and inquirers do not need to be harassed for wanting to keep our Holy Traditions such as the wearing of headcoverings and modest dress, especially if their priests have urged them to keep these Holy Traditions.
No one is harassing our converts for wanting to keep our Holy Traditions, Maria. The question of what constitutes those Holy Traditions, though, is not as clear as you think, and many of our converts recognize that.
BTW, you never answered my question. Were the Scriptures written in a vacuum or dropped on us whole and intact from the sky?
I personally don't believe in the "Big-T/Little-t" distinction; that makes really no sense and has no basis in the history of the Church. However, my thoughts are that the issue should be left to the discernment of the convert's Bishop and/or spiritual father; what do they believe is appropriate for them at the time? etc. Ultimately, the intention of why a convert would want to wear a headcovering is what matters. If it is out of true zeal, then--as Maria stated--why hinder her? What's so wrong with wanting to adhere to the Church in all aspects? If--however--it is rooted in Hyperdox Herman-like pride, then, it is probably up to her spiritual father to handle the issue.
^ In the end, though, I guess the question of the value of head coverings per se is not the question raised in the OP.
Are converts who wear head coverings legalists? I guess it depends on the motivations of each individual convert, and from that we cannot make any generalizations.
I agree. Are we doing it with true humility and seeing other people as probably seeing others as better than ourselves or are we thinking about how humble we are by wearing them while thinking that we are better and more holy than those not wearing them and wondering why they aren't following our own example and wearing them. With all due respect, if it is out of the latter, you may be better off not wearing a headcovering. Unfortunately, at least on the internet, I seem to see at least some of the second. I haven't noticed that in my parish where we do have a few that wear headcoverings. I have come to the conclusion that it is not my place to be the headcovering police, the crossing yourself police, the fasting police, or any other kind of police. That is God's and the priest's job, not mine. I am discovering that if I have a problem with how someone else is doing something, I am the one with the problem and I need to be working on myself rather than trying to change the other person. If it is something that needs to be handled, the priest will handle it or have Matushka deal with it, if it is a woman and he thinks it might be better for Matushka to talk to her.
^ In the end, though, I guess the question of the value of head coverings per se is not the question raised in the OP.
Are converts who wear head coverings legalists? I guess it depends on the motivations of each individual convert, and from that we cannot make any generalizations.
I agree. Are we doing it with true humility and seeing other people as probably seeing others as better than ourselves or are we thinking about how humble we are by wearing them while thinking that we are better and more holy than those not wearing them and wondering why they aren't following our own example and wearing them. With all due respect, if it is out of the latter, you may be better off not wearing a headcovering. Unfortunately, at least on the internet, I seem to see at least some of the second. I haven't noticed that in my parish where we do have a few that wear headcoverings. I have come to the conclusion that it is not my place to be the headcovering police, the crossing yourself police, the fasting police, or any other kind of police. That is God's and the priest's job, not mine. I am discovering that if I have a problem with how someone else is doing something, I am the one with the problem and I need to be working on myself rather than trying to change the other person. If it is something that needs to be handled, the priest will handle it or have Matushka deal with it, if it is a woman and he thinks it might be better for Matushka to talk to her.
Frankly, I would hope that the priest would NOT engage his wife to bash women who wear headcoverings. That is one way to destroy a parish. Instead, the priest should be upholding the customs of Holy Orthodoxy.
My husband has encouraged me to wear a headcovering. By wearing a headcovering, I am obeying my husband, my priest, and St. Paul.
In fact, my husband wishes that all women would wear a headcovering and dress modestly. I have heard many Orthodox Christian men, both young and old, express agreement with my husband and the epistles of St. Paul. Many men have expressed that they are tempted when women do not wear headcoverings and do not dress modestly. Some women are likewise tempted to distraction. It is very disconcerting to hear women gossip in church about the latest hair styles or lack of one that they see in the church.
If a women suffers from pride, giving up headcoverings is not the answer. Should she dress like a harlot? No. Yet, not wearing a headcovering was associated with harlotry in the recent past. Ladies covered their hair. Harlots did not.
Should she dress like a harlot? Yet, not wearing a headcovering was associated with harlotry in the recent past. Ladies covered their hair. Harlots did not.
But it is not "associated with harlotry" now in any part of the U.S. that I am aware of. Do you know of some place where ladies who have their hair visible are assumed to be selling their favours?
Which "recent past" are you thinking of, please? And what countries/cultures? This was/is not a universal and it certainly has not be "associated with harlotry" in my life time in the United States, nor in my mother's time and she is 90 1/2In many parts of America and other parts of the world headgear has many meanings.
« Last Edit: February 10, 2013, 10:56:32 PM by Ebor »
Logged
"I wish they would remember that the charge to Peter was "Feed my sheep", not "Try experiments on my rats", or even "Teach my performing dogs new tricks". - C. S. Lewis
^ In the end, though, I guess the question of the value of head coverings per se is not the question raised in the OP.
Are converts who wear head coverings legalists? I guess it depends on the motivations of each individual convert, and from that we cannot make any generalizations.
I agree. Are we doing it with true humility and seeing other people as probably seeing others as better than ourselves or are we thinking about how humble we are by wearing them while thinking that we are better and more holy than those not wearing them and wondering why they aren't following our own example and wearing them. With all due respect, if it is out of the latter, you may be better off not wearing a headcovering. Unfortunately, at least on the internet, I seem to see at least some of the second. I haven't noticed that in my parish where we do have a few that wear headcoverings. I have come to the conclusion that it is not my place to be the headcovering police, the crossing yourself police, the fasting police, or any other kind of police. That is God's and the priest's job, not mine. I am discovering that if I have a problem with how someone else is doing something, I am the one with the problem and I need to be working on myself rather than trying to change the other person. If it is something that needs to be handled, the priest will handle it or have Matushka deal with it, if it is a woman and he thinks it might be better for Matushka to talk to her.
Frankly, I would hope that the priest would NOT engage his wife to bash women who wear headcoverings. That is one way to destroy a parish. Instead, the priest should be upholding the customs of Holy Orthodoxy.
My husband has encouraged me to wear a headcovering. By wearing a headcovering, I am obeying my husband, my priest, and St. Paul.
In fact, my husband wishes that all women would wear a headcovering and dress modestly. I have heard many Orthodox Christian men, both young and old, express agreement with my husband and the epistles of St. Paul. Many men have expressed that they are tempted when women do not wear headcoverings and do not dress modestly. Some women are likewise tempted to distraction. It is very disconcerting to hear women gossip in church about the latest hair styles or lack of one that they see in the church.
If a women suffers from pride, giving up headcoverings is not the answer. Should she dress like a harlot? No. Yet, not wearing a headcovering was associated with harlotry in the recent past. Ladies covered their hair. Harlots did not.
Maria, I know I contributed to the drift, so let me now work on correcting my error. This thread is NOT about the value of head coverings per se. This thread is NOT about whether women should wear head coverings in church or not. What this thread IS about is this: Is it proper for us to judge female converts for wearing head coverings or for not wearing head coverings? Please let us work together to bring this thread back to its intended topic. Thank you.
^ In the end, though, I guess the question of the value of head coverings per se is not the question raised in the OP.
Are converts who wear head coverings legalists? I guess it depends on the motivations of each individual convert, and from that we cannot make any generalizations.
I agree. Are we doing it with true humility and seeing other people as probably seeing others as better than ourselves or are we thinking about how humble we are by wearing them while thinking that we are better and more holy than those not wearing them and wondering why they aren't following our own example and wearing them. With all due respect, if it is out of the latter, you may be better off not wearing a headcovering. Unfortunately, at least on the internet, I seem to see at least some of the second. I haven't noticed that in my parish where we do have a few that wear headcoverings. I have come to the conclusion that it is not my place to be the headcovering police, the crossing yourself police, the fasting police, or any other kind of police. That is God's and the priest's job, not mine. I am discovering that if I have a problem with how someone else is doing something, I am the one with the problem and I need to be working on myself rather than trying to change the other person. If it is something that needs to be handled, the priest will handle it or have Matushka deal with it, if it is a woman and he thinks it might be better for Matushka to talk to her.
Frankly, I would hope that the priest would NOT engage his wife to bash women who wear headcoverings. That is one way to destroy a parish. Instead, the priest should be upholding the customs of Holy Orthodoxy.
My husband has encouraged me to wear a headcovering. By wearing a headcovering, I am obeying my husband, my priest, and St. Paul.
In fact, my husband wishes that all women would wear a headcovering and dress modestly. I have heard many Orthodox Christian men, both young and old, express agreement with my husband and the epistles of St. Paul. Many men have expressed that they are tempted when women do not wear headcoverings and do not dress modestly. Some women are likewise tempted to distraction. It is very disconcerting to hear women gossip in church about the latest hair styles or lack of one that they see in the church.
If a women suffers from pride, giving up headcoverings is not the answer. Should she dress like a harlot? No. Yet, not wearing a headcovering was associated with harlotry in the recent past. Ladies covered their hair. Harlots did not.
Maria, I know I contributed to the drift, so let me now work on correcting my error. This thread is NOT about the value of head coverings per se. This thread is NOT about whether women should wear head coverings in church or not. What this thread IS about is this: Is it proper for us to judge female converts for wearing head coverings or for not wearing head coverings? Please let us work together to bring this thread back to its intended topic. Thank you.
Of course, it is not proper for us to judge female converts for wearing head coverings as we are not to judge any one. Instead, we are to look at our own failings.
What this thread IS about is this: Is it proper for us to judge female converts for wearing head coverings or for not wearing head coverings? Please let us work together to bring this thread back to its intended topic. Thank you.
What this thread IS about is this: Is it proper for us to judge female converts for wearing head coverings or for not wearing head coverings? Please let us work together to bring this thread back to its intended topic. Thank you.
No, we should not.
Should not do what? Judge female converts for wearing/not wearing head coverings, or work to bring this thread back to its intended topic?
What this thread IS about is this: Is it proper for us to judge female converts for wearing head coverings or for not wearing head coverings? Please let us work together to bring this thread back to its intended topic. Thank you.
No, we should not.
Should not do what? Judge female converts for wearing/not wearing head coverings, or work to bring this thread back to its intended topic?
What this thread IS about is this: Is it proper for us to judge female converts for wearing head coverings or for not wearing head coverings? Please let us work together to bring this thread back to its intended topic. Thank you.
No, we should not.
Should not do what? Judge female converts for wearing/not wearing head coverings, or work to bring this thread back to its intended topic?
There was only one question, right?
Your response could be seen as answer to a question or as response to a request. It's not at all clear to me which one you're referring to.
In fact, my husband wishes that all women would wear a headcovering and dress modestly. I have heard many Orthodox Christian men, both young and old, express agreement with my husband and the epistles of St. Paul. Many men have expressed that they are tempted when women do not wear headcoverings and do not dress modestly.
I've heard some such opinions from men too. But I think, that it's THEIR problem (mostly). I dress modestly, but generally not head covering. So, if a man is tempted by me, it's his problem. Of course if a woman puts on, especially in church, a miniskirt, it's her fault and sin the first place.
But regarding the question, now I think that if some women wear headcoverings only for the sacraments (confession, Eucharist) and for the rest service not, it is a legalistic beahaviour. Because they think they're, let's say, "worthy" (probably not proper word) to receive a sacrament only if they cover their's heads, althoguh for the rest of service/Liturgy and prayers they do not it.
Logged
Pray for persecuted Christians, especially in Serbian Kosovo and Raška, Egypt and Syria
Many men have expressed that they are tempted when women do not wear headcoverings
really? maybe in some countries, but uh, not where I live.
In fact, I bet that some folks actually fetishize headcoverings. How many here probably think a woman is "more beautiful" with a headcovering? I think a fixation on the heacovering becomes quite unhealthy.
As I said at the beginning: wear it, don't wear it, according to one's conscience and culture.
It is not out of legalism, but out of disobedience. The Priest will not kick them out of Church for not having a head covering. He will, however, refuse to hear their confession or commune them. So, they obey just long enough to get what they want. I wonder if they think that sacraments taken this way are really of any benefit to them.
In fact, my husband wishes that all women would wear a headcovering and dress modestly. I have heard many Orthodox Christian men, both young and old, express agreement with my husband and the epistles of St. Paul. Many men have expressed that they are tempted when women do not wear headcoverings and do not dress modestly.
I've heard some such opinions from men too. But I think, that it's THEIR problem (mostly). I dress modestly, but generally not head covering. So, if a man is tempted by me, it's his problem. Of course if a woman puts on, especially in church, a miniskirt, it's her fault and sin the first place.
But regarding the question, now I think that if some women wear headcoverings only for the sacraments (confession, Eucharist) and for the rest service not, it is a legalistic beahaviour. Because they think they're, let's say, "worthy" (probably not proper word) to receive a sacrament only if they cover their's heads, althoguh for the rest of service/Liturgy and prayers they do not it.
Logged
I would be happy to agree with you, but then both of us would be wrong.
Several women in my prior parish were given a blessing to wear a headcovering only when receiving the sacraments, so that we would not upset the majority of females who were blatant feminists. The priest was hoping that our example would help the parish change. But alas, it further divided the OCA parish as the loud and strident feminists would rather tear our parish apart than see a women veiled.
Yes, there were a couple of other women who were given permission to wear their headcoverings during the entire Divine Liturgy, but these women were single and were contemplating entering the monastic life. So as not to cause confusion, the priest consistently advised married women to wear the head covering only at the time the sacrament was administered to them, but single women discerning the monastic life could wear it at any time, even in the parish hall. We all wore the head covering in a spirit of obedience. Later, most of us left that sick parish, especially after the Bishop issued a letter rebuking that parish.
So, wearing the headcovering was not done in a spirit of legalism, but rather it was worn in humility and obedience. In fact, I had to have the blessing of my (former) priest and my husband in order to wear it, which is strange since St. Paul admonished women to wear the veil. Was my priest above St. Paul? Of course not, but he was between a sharp rock (the strident women) and a hard place (his dying parish).
It is not out of legalism, but out of disobedience. The Priest will not kick them out of Church for not having a head covering. He will, however, refuse to hear their confession or commune them. So, they obey just long enough to get what they want. I wonder if they think that sacraments taken this way are really of any benefit to them.
I think that if some women wear headcoverings only for the sacraments (confession, Eucharist) and for the rest service not, it is a legalistic beahaviour. Because they think they're, let's say, "worthy" (probably not proper word) to receive a sacrament only if they cover their's heads, althoguh for the rest of service/Liturgy and prayers they do not it.
p.s.: During this time we had several inquirers and catechumens. The women catechumens chose to and were granted a blessing to wear the headcovering.
What this thread IS about is this: Is it proper for us to judge female converts for wearing head coverings or for not wearing head coverings? Please let us work together to bring this thread back to its intended topic. Thank you.
No, we should not.
Should not do what? Judge female converts for wearing/not wearing head coverings, or work to bring this thread back to its intended topic?
There was only one question, right?
Your response could be seen as answer to a question or as response to a request. It's not at all clear to me which one you're referring to.
When this question was raised in Greece I heard again and again women saying it cost x to have my hair done and I am not covering it for anyone. Others appeared to think it was old fashioned and unnecessary.
That many also appeared to think low tops and short skirts were appropriate saddened me.
Is it what the Church teaches or do we all do or own thing and then call it Orthodoxy? Surely following Christ is not a case of following the mores and fashions of the times?
When this question was raised in Greece I heard again and again women saying it cost x to have my hair done and I am not covering it for anyone. Others appeared to think it was old fashioned and unnecessary.
That many also appeared to think low tops and short skirts were appropriate saddened me.
Is it what the Church teaches or do we all do or own thing and then call it Orthodoxy? Surely following Christ is not a case of following the mores and fashions of the times?
Exactly.
And to claim that inquirers and catechumens are being legalistic and proud when they dare to wear head coverings is absolutely insane.
Those who issue these judgments are failing to heed Christ's command not to judge lest we ourselves be judged.
Actually those who claim that catechumens are being legalistic are the strident feminists and wimps who are Orthodox in name only. Sorry for judging the feminists and wimps, but I am saddened by this turn of events. It should not be happening in the Orthodox Church.
It is sad that people judge women who cover. It saddens me even more though to think that a priest of the Church would judge women unworthy to receive Holy Communion simply because they didn't cover their hair.
Logged
"If you cannot find Christ in the beggar at the church door, you will not find Him in the chalice.” -The Divine John Chrysostom
“Till we can become divine, we must be content to be human, lest in our hurry for change we sink to something lower.” -Anthony Trollope
It is sad that people judge women who cover. It saddens me even more though to think that a priest of the Church would judge women unworthy to receive Holy Communion simply because they didn't cover their hair.
Is it because they think they don't have enough reverence for the Eucharist?
Logged
“There is your brother, naked, crying, and you stand there confused over the choice of an attractive floor covering.”
It is sad that people judge women who cover. It saddens me even more though to think that a priest of the Church would judge women unworthy to receive Holy Communion simply because they didn't cover their hair.
Is it because they think they don't have enough reverence for the Eucharist?
I wouldn't know. I was referring to Maria's earlier post where she was glorifying God after hearing that Punch's priest refused Holy Communion to women without head coverings.
Logged
"If you cannot find Christ in the beggar at the church door, you will not find Him in the chalice.” -The Divine John Chrysostom
“Till we can become divine, we must be content to be human, lest in our hurry for change we sink to something lower.” -Anthony Trollope
Is the priest judging or simply guarding the chalice, as is his sacred duty? All of us approaching the chalice have a duty to prepare beforehand, male and female. And Orthodoxy is not a pick n' mix Pathway nor is public worship a fashion parade.
How is it some feel their autonomy must not be challenged, to follow Christ is a different path and has different values than that of the world, even from the beginning this has been so, surely?
The Priest will not kick them out of Church for not having a head covering. He will, however, refuse to hear their confession or commune them. So, they obey just long enough to get what they want. I wonder if they think that sacraments taken this way are really of any benefit to them.
The last thing a convert (or most people) needs to hear is akriveia (exactness). The liberal options are so tempting....
The Priest will not kick them out of Church for not having a head covering. He will, however, refuse to hear their confession or commune them. So, they obey just long enough to get what they want. I wonder if they think that sacraments taken this way are really of any benefit to them.
The last thing a convert (or most people) needs to hear is akriveia (exactness). The liberal options are so tempting....
Have you confused 'needs' with 'wants'? Or have I misunderstood you? If we are to put off the old man or woman then the easiest or most comfortable route seems an unlikely Path to Salvation.
What this thread IS about is this: Is it proper for us to judge female converts for wearing head coverings or for not wearing head coverings? Please let us work together to bring this thread back to its intended topic. Thank you.
No, we should not.
Should not do what? Judge female converts for wearing/not wearing head coverings, or work to bring this thread back to its intended topic?
There was only one question, right?
Your response could be seen as answer to a question or as response to a request. It's not at all clear to me which one you're referring to.
When this question was raised in Greece I heard again and again women saying it cost x to have my hair done and I am not covering it for anyone. Others appeared to think it was old fashioned and unnecessary.
That many also appeared to think low tops and short skirts were appropriate saddened me.
Is it what the Church teaches or do we all do or own thing and then call it Orthodoxy? Surely following Christ is not a case of following the mores and fashions of the times?
Exactly.
And to claim that inquirers and catechumens are being legalistic and proud when they dare to wear head coverings is absolutely insane.
Those who issue these judgments are failing to heed Christ's command not to judge lest we ourselves be judged.
Actually those who claim that catechumens are being legalistic are the strident feminists and wimps who are Orthodox in name only. Sorry for judging the feminists and wimps, but I am saddened by this turn of events. It should not be happening in the Orthodox Church.
Lord have mercy and save us for we perish.
Don't you think that kind of comment extremely hypocritical? You remind us of Christ's command that we not judge, specifically as this governs how we relate to inquirers and catechumens who decide to wear head coverings, yet in the same post you judge as "Orthodox in name only" those who claim that these catechumens are being legalistic. If you're going to cite Christ's command that we not judge, Maria, then you had better practice what you preach.
The Priest will not kick them out of Church for not having a head covering. He will, however, refuse to hear their confession or commune them. So, they obey just long enough to get what they want. I wonder if they think that sacraments taken this way are really of any benefit to them.
The last thing a convert (or most people) needs to hear is akriveia (exactness). The liberal options are so tempting....
Have you confused 'needs' with 'wants'? Or have I misunderstood you? If we are to put off the old man or woman then the easiest or most comfortable route seems an unlikely Path to Salvation.
When is the Sunday of the Publican and the Pharisee?
O Lord, I wore my headcovering and get to partake from your Body and Blood while that other woman didn't wear her headcovering and was turned away by our Priest....
When this question was raised in Greece I heard again and again women saying it cost x to have my hair done and I am not covering it for anyone. Others appeared to think it was old fashioned and unnecessary.
That many also appeared to think low tops and short skirts were appropriate saddened me.
Is it what the Church teaches or do we all do or own thing and then call it Orthodoxy? Surely following Christ is not a case of following the mores and fashions of the times?
Exactly.
And to claim that inquirers and catechumens are being legalistic and proud when they dare to wear head coverings is absolutely insane.
Those who issue these judgments are failing to heed Christ's command not to judge lest we ourselves be judged.
Actually those who claim that catechumens are being legalistic are the strident feminists and wimps who are Orthodox in name only. Sorry for judging the feminists and wimps, but I am saddened by this turn of events. It should not be happening in the Orthodox Church.
Lord have mercy and save us for we perish.
Don't you think that kind of comment extremely hypocritical? You remind us of Christ's command that we not judge, specifically as this governs how we relate to inquirers and catechumens who decide to wear head coverings, yet in the same post you judge as "Orthodox in name only" those who claim that these catechumens are being legalistic. If you're going to cite Christ's command that we not judge, Maria, then you had better practice what you preach.
PtA, I admit that I am a sinner in that post. I could have edited that part out, but then I would have been truly hypocritical.
Hopefully, those who are so quick to condemn catechumens for wearing headcoverings will see their own hypocritical spirit.
The Priest will not kick them out of Church for not having a head covering. He will, however, refuse to hear their confession or commune them. So, they obey just long enough to get what they want. I wonder if they think that sacraments taken this way are really of any benefit to them.
The last thing a convert (or most people) needs to hear is akriveia (exactness). The liberal options are so tempting....
Have you confused 'needs' with 'wants'? Or have I misunderstood you? If we are to put off the old man or woman then the easiest or most comfortable route seems an unlikely Path to Salvation.
When is the Sunday of the Publican and the Pharisee?
O Lord, I wore my headcovering and get to partake from your Body and Blood while that other woman didn't wear her headcovering and was turned away by our Priest....
EDIT: made corrections
How often does this happen, if at all?
Frankly, this scenario is all hypothetical. For which truly Orthodox Christian lady would haughtily approach the Chalice with her head uncovered if the church has posted that she should cover herself?
And which catechumen would dare to approach the Chalice before being baptized or chrismated into Holy Orthodoxy? None that I know. So, why was this side topic brought up?
The Priest will not kick them out of Church for not having a head covering. He will, however, refuse to hear their confession or commune them. So, they obey just long enough to get what they want. I wonder if they think that sacraments taken this way are really of any benefit to them.
The last thing a convert (or most people) needs to hear is akriveia (exactness). The liberal options are so tempting....
Have you confused 'needs' with 'wants'? Or have I misunderstood you? If we are to put off the old man or woman then the easiest or most comfortable route seems an unlikely Path to Salvation.
When is the Sunday of the Publican and the Pharisee?
O Lord, I wore my headcovering and get to partake from your Body and Blood while that other woman didn't wear her headcovering and was turned away by our Priest....
EDIT: made corrections
How often does this happen, if at all?
Frankly, this scenario is all hypothetical. For which truly Orthodox Christian lady would haughtily approach the Chalice with her head uncovered if the church has posted that she should cover herself?
That is legalism. Wasn't that the lesson on the Sunday of the Publican and the Pharisee?
The Priest will not kick them out of Church for not having a head covering. He will, however, refuse to hear their confession or commune them. So, they obey just long enough to get what they want. I wonder if they think that sacraments taken this way are really of any benefit to them.
The last thing a convert (or most people) needs to hear is akriveia (exactness). The liberal options are so tempting....
Have you confused 'needs' with 'wants'? Or have I misunderstood you? If we are to put off the old man or woman then the easiest or most comfortable route seems an unlikely Path to Salvation.
When is the Sunday of the Publican and the Pharisee?
O Lord, I wore my headcovering and get to partake from your Body and Blood while that other woman didn't wear her headcovering and was turned away by our Priest....
EDIT: made corrections
How often does this happen, if at all?
Frankly, this scenario is all hypothetical. For which truly Orthodox Christian lady would haughtily approach the Chalice with her head uncovered if the church has posted that she should cover herself?
That is legalism. Wasn't that the lesson on the Sunday of the Publican and the Pharisee?
And which catechumen would dare to approach the Chalice before being baptized or chrismated into Holy Orthodoxy? None that I know. So, why was this side topic brought up?
I was responding to how Punch's Priest handles uncovered women. Still pertains to covered vs. uncovered cathecumens (I wear a headcovering; I'm better than that woman who doesn't wear a headcovering).
See, now you are revealing your thoughts ...
Quote
(I wear a headcovering; I'm better than that woman who doesn't wear a headcovering).
This was not a kind statement, but a rudely judgmental statement.
I do not consider myself better than those women who do not cover themselves. Only Christ can read our hearts and know our thoughts. I try my best not to judge them, but it is very difficult when they have gossiped loudly about me during the Priest's sermon so that I could hear the gossip rather than Father. They were taunting me. And yes, I do pray that they will be saved. Lord have mercy.
And because of this, I have left the OCA as being in their company was not unto my salvation.
Now hear the following which was told to me by catechumens who wear headcovering. These catechmens are not legalistic by any means:
Many women who wear headcoverings do so much like horses wear blinders. It helps them to focus and to control their eyes. They wear it with humility and obedience, and most importantly, it helps them to pray.
So, now we are back on topic as these simple catechumens and converts do not wear the headcovering because they are legalistic, but because they love Christ God and the Orthodox Church and want to obey what was written in the Epistles and has always been taught in the Orthodox Church from the beginning -- that unchanging Faith that was given to us by Christ through the Apostles for all peoples and all times.
Sometimes, it is hot, and then the headcovering is very uncomfortable. I sweat and my hair gets wrecked, but I reflect on Christ and his sufferings. My sufferings are so little compared with what He went through for all of us. The ridicule I have received is so mild with what Christ had to suffer.
Those who follow Christ accept His Cross, and that includes ridicule from those who do not want to adhere to the teachings and traditions of the Holy Orthodox Church.
When this question was raised in Greece I heard again and again women saying it cost x to have my hair done and I am not covering it for anyone. Others appeared to think it was old fashioned and unnecessary.
That many also appeared to think low tops and short skirts were appropriate saddened me.
Is it what the Church teaches or do we all do or own thing and then call it Orthodoxy? Surely following Christ is not a case of following the mores and fashions of the times?
Exactly.
And to claim that inquirers and catechumens are being legalistic and proud when they dare to wear head coverings is absolutely insane.
Those who issue these judgments are failing to heed Christ's command not to judge lest we ourselves be judged.
Actually those who claim that catechumens are being legalistic are the strident feminists and wimps who are Orthodox in name only. Sorry for judging the feminists and wimps, but I am saddened by this turn of events. It should not be happening in the Orthodox Church.
Lord have mercy and save us for we perish.
Don't you think that kind of comment extremely hypocritical? You remind us of Christ's command that we not judge, specifically as this governs how we relate to inquirers and catechumens who decide to wear head coverings, yet in the same post you judge as "Orthodox in name only" those who claim that these catechumens are being legalistic. If you're going to cite Christ's command that we not judge, Maria, then you had better practice what you preach.
PtA, I admit that I am a sinner in that post. I could have edited that part out, but then I would have been truly hypocritical.
Hopefully, those who are so quick to condemn catechumens for wearing headcoverings will see their own hypocritical spirit.
We are all hypocrites in need of Christ's mercy.
I posted my reply HERE, since what I had to say is not appropriate for the Convert Issues board.
The Priest will not kick them out of Church for not having a head covering. He will, however, refuse to hear their confession or commune them. So, they obey just long enough to get what they want. I wonder if they think that sacraments taken this way are really of any benefit to them.
The last thing a convert (or most people) needs to hear is akriveia (exactness). The liberal options are so tempting....
Have you confused 'needs' with 'wants'? Or have I misunderstood you? If we are to put off the old man or woman then the easiest or most comfortable route seems an unlikely Path to Salvation.
When is the Sunday of the Publican and the Pharisee?
O Lord, I wore my headcovering and get to partake from your Body and Blood while that other woman didn't wear her headcovering and was turned away by our Priest....
EDIT: made corrections
How often does this happen, if at all?
Frankly, this scenario is all hypothetical. For which truly Orthodox Christian lady would haughtily approach the Chalice with her head uncovered if the church has posted that she should cover herself?
That is legalism. Wasn't that the lesson on the Sunday of the Publican and the Pharisee?
I do not consider myself better than those women who do not cover themselves. Only Christ can read our hearts and know our thoughts. I try my best not to judge them, but it is very difficult when they have gossiped loudly about me during the Priest's sermon so that I could hear the gossip rather than Father. They were taunting me. And yes, I do pray that they will be saved. Lord have mercy.
Are the OCA Churches in CA that bad or was your former church an isolated example?
Now hear the following which was told to me by catechumens who wear headcovering. These catechmens are not legalistic by any means:
Many women who wear headcoverings do so much like horses wear blinders. It helps them to focus and to control their eyes. They wear it with humility and obedience, and most importantly, it helps them to pray.
So, now we are back on topic as these simple catechumens and converts do not wear the headcovering because they are legalistic, but because they love Christ God and the Orthodox Church and want to obey what was written in the Epistles and has always been taught in the Orthodox Church from the beginning -- that unchanging Faith that was given to us by Christ through the Apostles for all peoples and all times.
Sometimes, it is hot, and then the headcovering is very uncomfortable. I sweat and my hair gets wrecked, but I reflect on Christ and his sufferings. My sufferings are so little compared with what He went through for all of us. The ridicule I have received is so mild with what Christ had to suffer.
Those who follow Christ accept His Cross, and that includes ridicule from those who do not want to adhere to the teachings and traditions of the Holy Orthodox Church.
The Pharisee followed the Law of Moses. That didn't get him very far. Lord Jesus Christ, son of God, have mercy on me a sinner.
Hopefully, those who are so quick to condemn catechumens for wearing headcoverings or not wearing them will see their own hypocritical spirit.
fixed. and now is an accurate statement.
By the way, I find it fascinating that it seems that only in Orthodoxy can statements seem so humble on the surface while betraying a profound sense of pride. It's like a game of limbo -- whoever gets lower wins the game.
Look -- we already covered this re: the op: The answer is "no," not necessarily. Be concerned with your own salvation and let others be moved to wear the headcoverings or not wear them, and judge none of them. But you are not allowed to play the martyr for wearing the headcovering while simultaneously doing the martyring of those who don't. Just chill out.
The last thing a convert (or most people) needs to hear is akriveia (exactness). The liberal options are so tempting....
Yes, the last thing that MOST people want to hear is the truth. That is why the liberal churches are so full. The road to hell is wide. You don't have to be that exact with your steering when the road is a mile wide.
If a woman approaches confession or communion with here head uncovered, she is given a scarf. So, I guess you would say that if she refuses it, we should commune her anyway? As to your above statement, you must not deal with many converts. In the Churches that I have attended, the converts are the most likely to follow the rules.
Logged
I would be happy to agree with you, but then both of us would be wrong.
The Priest will not kick them out of Church for not having a head covering. He will, however, refuse to hear their confession or commune them. So, they obey just long enough to get what they want. I wonder if they think that sacraments taken this way are really of any benefit to them.
The last thing a convert (or most people) needs to hear is akriveia (exactness). The liberal options are so tempting....
Have you confused 'needs' with 'wants'? Or have I misunderstood you? If we are to put off the old man or woman then the easiest or most comfortable route seems an unlikely Path to Salvation.
When is the Sunday of the Publican and the Pharisee?
O Lord, I wore my headcovering and get to partake from your Body and Blood while that other woman didn't wear her headcovering and was turned away by our Priest....
EDIT: made corrections
How often does this happen, if at all?
Frankly, this scenario is all hypothetical. For which truly Orthodox Christian lady would haughtily approach the Chalice with her head uncovered if the church has posted that she should cover herself?
And which catechumen would dare to approach the Chalice before being baptized or chrismated into Holy Orthodoxy? None that I know. So, why was this side topic brought up?
I don't think I can be critical of the faith on this section of the forum, but all I can say is that I agree with what Maria has said, and many Eastern Orthodox Christians think as she does on this topic.
Consider the implication of the icon in Maria's Avatar - the Theotokos, the MOTHER of God, has her head covered in the presence of God as a babe or small child.
I don't think I can be critical of the faith on this section of the forum, but all I can say is that I agree with what Maria has said, and many Eastern Orthodox Christians think as she does on this topic.
Consider the implication of the icon in Maria's Avatar - the Theotokos, the MOTHER of God, has her head covered in the presence of God as a babe or small child.
Amen. I, too, think that Maria has been right on with her posts, and pretty much in keeping with what I have been taught in the Russian and Serbian Churches.
Logged
I would be happy to agree with you, but then both of us would be wrong.
Why is the supposition that young people and others need to feed the easy path so readily pushed. Among those I see taking up following a faith not a few chose anything but the easy path. When reading the Faith section online of London's The Times yesterday a lengthy article focused on the surprising number of women converting to Islam.
True we should avoid judging others, sometimes easier said than done, but challenging or pointing something out is not judging (and that when men need to adjust their dress). And assuming a fanciful and sinful pride in presuming we are better than others has no basis in the Faith handed down to us.
An example in my experience: A very accomplished Archimandrite who often corrects the reader or choir was stopped by a woman over some small error in the service. She was immediately lauded and he asked why she, and she alone had done such a thing before going on to say that all believers had a duty to correct any error he might make in serving immediately the error was made.
Why if a senior priest is open to anyone challenging him should he make a mistake in serving, cannot those who are not appropriately dressed when standing before their maker in church be challenged and accept it humbly?
A monk must be extremely cautious of carnal and animal zeal, which outwardly appears pious but in reality is foolish and harmful to the soul. Worldly people and many living the monastic life, though ignorance and inexperience, often praise such zeal without understanding that it springs from conceit and pride. They extol this zeal as zeal for the faith, for piety, for the Church, for God. It consists in a more or less harsh condemnation and criticism of one's neighbors in their moral faults, and in faults against good order in church and in the performance of the church services. Deceived by a wrong conception of zeal, these imprudent zealots think that by yielding themselves to it they are imitating the holy fathers and holy martyrs, forgetting that they--the zealots--are not saints, but sinners.
If the saints accused or convicted those who were living in sin or irreligion, they did so at the command of God, as their duty, by inspiration of the Holy Spirit, not at the instigation of their passions and demons. Whoever decides of his own self-will to convict his brother or make some reprimand, clearly betrays and proves that he considers himself more prudent and virtuous than the person he blames, and that he is acting at the instigation of passion and deception and diabolic thoughts. We need to remember the Savior's injunction: 'Why do you look at the speck in your brother's eye, but not notice the log in your own eye? Or how can you say to your brother, "Let me take the speck out of your eye," when there is a log in your own eye? You hypocrite, first take the log out of your own eye, and then you will see clearly to take the speck out of your brother's eye.' (Matt. 7:3-5)
What is a log in this connection? It is the earthly wisdom or carnal outlook, hard as a log, which deprives the heart and mind of all capacity for true vision, so that one is quite unable to judge either one's own inner state or the state of one's neighbor. such a person judges himself and others as he imagines himself to be, and as his neighbors appear to him outwardly, by his carnal mind (Rom. 8:6), mistakenly. And so the Word of God is extremely just in calling him a hypocrite.
A Christian, after being healed by the Word of God and the Spirit of God, gains a true view of his spiritual state and of that of his neighbors. the carnal mind, by striking his neighbor with a log, always upsets and confuses him, often ruins him, never does any good and cannot bring any benefit, and has not the least effect on sin. On the other hand, the spiritual mind acts exclusively on the soul-sickiness of one's neighbor, compassionates, heals and saves him...
If you want to be a true, zealous son of the Orthodox Church, you can do so by the fulfilment of the commandments of the Gospel in regard to your neighbor. Do not dare to convict him. Do not dare to teach him. do not dare to condemn or reproach him. To correct your neighbor in this way is not an act of faith, but of foolish zeal, self-opinion and pride. Poemen the Great was asked, 'What is faith?' The great man replied that faith consists in remaining in humility and showing mercy; that is to say, in humbling onseself before one's neighbors and forgiven them all discourtesies and offenses, all their sins. As foolish zealots make out that faith is the prime cause of their zeal, let them know that truth faith, and consequently also true zeal, must express themselves in humility regarding our neighbors and in mercy towards them. Let us leave the work of judging and convicting people to those persons on whose shoulders it is laid the duty of judging and ruling brethren.
- St. Ignatius Brianchaninov, The Arena: An Offering to Contemporary Monasticism, (Printshop of St. Job of Pochaev, 1997), pp. 140-142
The last thing a convert (or most people) needs to hear is akriveia (exactness). The liberal options are so tempting....
Yes, the last thing that MOST people want to hear is the truth. That is why the liberal churches are so full. The road to hell is wide. You don't have to be that exact with your steering when the road is a mile wide.
As to your above statement, you must not deal with many converts. In the Churches that I have attended, the converts are the most likely to follow the rules.
We deal with converts. In 2011, I attended a 8 week Introduction to Orthodoxy seminar taught by a convert to Orthodoxy from the Episcopalian faith. She taught the basic tenets of Orthodoxy. She didn't discuss headcoverings.
Consider the implication of the icon in Maria's Avatar - the Theotokos, the MOTHER of God, has her head covered in the presence of God as a babe or small child.
I thought you despise icons and view them "unbiblical".
Michal,
In Maria's statement, she was talking of an EO woman going to partake of the Eucharist uncovered being wrong. These EO women would venerate an icon (similar) to the one in her avatar showing the Theotokos who covers herself before God. I have yet to see the any Eastern Orthodox icon that depicts the Theotokos uncovered.
However, yes, you are correct about my personal differences with that practice of the church.
The last thing a convert (or most people) needs to hear is akriveia (exactness). The liberal options are so tempting....
Yes, the last thing that MOST people want to hear is the truth. That is why the liberal churches are so full. The road to hell is wide. You don't have to be that exact with your steering when the road is a mile wide.
If a woman approaches confession or communion with here head uncovered, she is given a scarf. So, I guess you would say that if she refuses it, we should commune her anyway? As to your above statement, you must not deal with many converts. In the Churches that I have attended, the converts are the most likely to follow the rules.
Good point.
If a church has a basket in the narthex with scarves in it AND a posting at the door with guidelines that women should wear modest clothing including skirts and headcoverings, then she should obey. If she chooses NOT to wear a headcovering, then she is displaying not only her disobedience but also her pride.Remember it was Eve who showed her pride and disobedience to God by obeying the Devil.
Why is the supposition that young people and others need to feed the easy path so readily pushed. Among those I see taking up following a faith not a few chose anything but the easy path. When reading the Faith section online of London's The Times yesterday a lengthy article focused on the surprising number of women converting to Islam.
True we should avoid judging others, sometimes easier said than done, but challenging or pointing something out is not judging (and that when men need to adjust their dress). And assuming a fanciful and sinful pride in presuming we are better than others has no basis in the Faith handed down to us.
An example in my experience: A very accomplished Archimandrite who often corrects the reader or choir was stopped by a woman over some small error in the service. She was immediately lauded and he asked why she, and she alone had done such a thing before going on to say that all believers had a duty to correct any error he might make in serving immediately the error was made.
Why if a senior priest is open to anyone challenging him should he make a mistake in serving, cannot those who are not appropriately dressed when standing before their maker in church be challenged and accept it humbly?
I have experienced in the EO faith that there is a time and place for everything. If a woman is dressed somewhat immodestly, a priest (or better yet his wife) may be able to give her a paper on dress code. There is no reason to "challenge her" by calling her out and embarrassing her. If she's OBVIOUSLY dressed very immodest (like major cleavage) she can be quietly be given another woman's sweater, jacket, etc.
Now if she comes dressed like Lady Gaga in a meat suit during lent, I think that's a little bit different. Call her out.
If a parishoner sees a small/slight error during a service, or issue, nudge it later on. No reason to call it out.
I've seen priests even correct themselves after divine liturgy on an error they made during the service and corrected themselves. It was during a litnay and it was a visiting priest who commemorated his GOA bishop instead of the jurisdictional bishop in an OCA church. After the cross veneration at the end of the service, he made an announcement and said "I have a correction to make, out of habit I commemorated my bishop, and I want to commemorate your bishop XYZ right now". Most of the church sang "Lord have Mercy". Then a couple people said "we commemorate yours too".
When we people are brothers and sisters in Christ, we should be able to nudge each other rather than beat people down and get them to humbly accept corrections... Unless of course they wear a meat suit.... Especially thinly sliced lamb cutlets already seasoned with rosemary.
The last thing a convert (or most people) needs to hear is akriveia (exactness). The liberal options are so tempting....
Yes, the last thing that MOST people want to hear is the truth. That is why the liberal churches are so full. The road to hell is wide. You don't have to be that exact with your steering when the road is a mile wide.
If a woman approaches confession or communion with here head uncovered, she is given a scarf. So, I guess you would say that if she refuses it, we should commune her anyway? As to your above statement, you must not deal with many converts. In the Churches that I have attended, the converts are the most likely to follow the rules.
Good point.
If a church has a basket in the narthex with scarves in it AND a posting at the door with guidelines that women should wear modest clothing including skirts and headcoverings, then she should obey. If she chooses NOT to wear a headcovering, then she is displaying not only her disobedience but also her pride.Remember it was Eve who showed her pride and disobedience to God by obeying the Devil.
Your example is very interesting... Because what did Adam and Eve do once their sin was before them? They covered themselves up...Okay, not theological... Just fun.
I was applying the parable of the Publican and the Pharisee to a convert or cathechumen who wears a headcovering and receives preferential treatment for doing so.
This statement of yours is way off topic, and you know it. I will not respond to the rest of your off topic feminist rant.
Back on Topic:
In my experience, converts wearing headcoverings would be rashly judged to be proud and legalistic. This goes against Christ's command not to judge.
If a convert were to wear a headcovering in many of the jurisdictions of World Orthodoxy (especially outside the ROCOR), they would most likely suffer taunts, gossip, and ridicule from other women who hold a feminist agenda. These converts WOULD NOT receive any preferential treatment, but would be shunned by the feminists.
In my experience, converts wearing headcoverings would be rashly judged to be proud and legalistic. This goes against Christ's command not to judge.
If a convert were to wear a headcovering in many of the jurisdictions of World Orthodoxy (especially outside the ROCOR), they would most likely suffer taunts, gossip, and ridicule from other women who hold a feminist agenda. These converts WOULD NOT receive any preferential treatment, but would be shunned by the feminists.
That's your experience; you don't speak for all female converts to Orthodoxy.
The last thing a convert (or most people) needs to hear is akriveia (exactness). The liberal options are so tempting....
Yes, the last thing that MOST people want to hear is the truth. That is why the liberal churches are so full. The road to hell is wide. You don't have to be that exact with your steering when the road is a mile wide.
If a woman approaches confession or communion with here head uncovered, she is given a scarf. So, I guess you would say that if she refuses it, we should commune her anyway? As to your above statement, you must not deal with many converts. In the Churches that I have attended, the converts are the most likely to follow the rules.
Good point.
If a church has a basket in the narthex with scarves in it AND a posting at the door with guidelines that women should wear modest clothing including skirts and headcoverings, then she should obey. If she chooses NOT to wear a headcovering, then she is displaying not only her disobedience but also her pride.Remember it was Eve who showed her pride and disobedience to God by obeying the Devil.
Your example is very interesting... Because what did Adam and Eve do once their sin was before them? They covered themselves up...Okay, not theological... Just fun.
Yes, they covered up with leaves, and cotton and linen are also from plants.If Adam and Eve had not committed that first sin, then perhaps, PtA would be glad to be a nudist.However, we are so tempted in this fallen world that it is best for us to cover.
Since Eve fell first, it is fitting that women cover their heads.
Okay, back on topic.
Converts who wear headcoverings are learning obedience and are trying to undo Eve's disobedience. Since they are imitating the New Eve, the Most Holy Theotokos, who wore the veil even though she was without sin, how can these converts be judged to be legalistic?
Frankly, I think that this is only a slur (a slur that I hear a lot from feminists) to discourage women from wearing headcoverings. These feminists would destroy our church. They are the unscrupulous ones.
In my experience, converts wearing headcoverings would be rashly judged to be proud and legalistic. This goes against Christ's command not to judge.
If a convert were to wear a headcovering in many of the jurisdictions of World Orthodoxy (especially outside the ROCOR), they would most likely suffer taunts, gossip, and ridicule from other women who hold a feminist agenda. These converts WOULD NOT receive any preferential treatment, but would be shunned by the feminists.
That's your experience; you don't speak for all female converts to Orthodoxy.
Are you a convert who wears a headcovering? If not, please be honest and excuse yourself from this thread.
I am a convert and I do wear a headcovering out of obedience.
When I first converted, my priest granted me grace and told me to wear the headcovering only at Communion time. Now I wear it during the entire Divine Liturgy with his blessing and that of my husband. During summer, I would rather not wear it as it is too hot (120 degrees sometimes), but I wear it in obedience disregarding my own discomfort to set a good example, per my priest.
Frankly, I think that this is only a slur (a slur that I hear a lot from feminists) to discourage women from wearing headcoverings. These feminists would destroy our church. They are the unscrupulous ones.
In my experience, converts wearing headcoverings would be rashly judged to be proud and legalistic. This goes against Christ's command not to judge.
If a convert were to wear a headcovering in many of the jurisdictions of World Orthodoxy (especially outside the ROCOR), they would most likely suffer taunts, gossip, and ridicule from other women who hold a feminist agenda. These converts WOULD NOT receive any preferential treatment, but would be shunned by the feminists.
That's your experience; you don't speak for all female converts to Orthodoxy.
Are you a convert who wears a headcovering? If not, please be honest and excuse yourself from this thread.
No to both questions. I'm here to dispel hypocrisy and to differentiate between freely wearing a headcovering and being forced to wear a headcovering.
During summer, I would rather not wear it as it is too hot (120 degrees sometimes), but I wear it in obedience disregarding my own discomfort to set a good example, per my priest.
I have no opinion towards headcoverings; that is for each woman to decide freely; however, there should not be adverse consequences for failing to wear one nor should a woman receive preferential treatment for wearing a headcovering whether at a monastery or any Orthodox church.
Frankly, I think that this is only a slur (a slur that I hear a lot from feminists) to discourage women from wearing headcoverings. These feminists would destroy our church. They are the unscrupulous ones.
In your jurisdiction, feminism doesn't exist?
Off topic. I will not respond.
Converts who wear headcoverings are imitating the Most Holy Theotokos,and She happens to be my patron saint.
In my experience, converts wearing headcoverings would be rashly judged to be proud and legalistic. This goes against Christ's command not to judge.
If a convert were to wear a headcovering in many of the jurisdictions of World Orthodoxy (especially outside the ROCOR), they would most likely suffer taunts, gossip, and ridicule from other women who hold a feminist agenda. These converts WOULD NOT receive any preferential treatment, but would be shunned by the feminists.
That's your experience; you don't speak for all female converts to Orthodoxy.
Are you a convert who wears a headcovering? If not, please be honest and excuse yourself from this thread.
No to both questions. I'm here to dispel hypocrisy and to differentiate between freely wearing a headcovering and being forced to wear a headcovering.
During summer, I would rather not wear it as it is too hot (120 degrees sometimes), but I wear it in obedience disregarding my own discomfort to set a good example, per my priest.
I have no opinion towards headcoverings; that is for each woman to decide freely; however, there should not be adverse consequences for failing to wear one whether at a monastery or any Orthodox church.
Seeing that tempers have flared up again and that the polemics are flying around again, I have locked this thread until Thomas has had a chance to review this and decide what to do with it. If you wish to take parts of this discussion to one of the other active head covering threads, I won't consider that an attempt to circumvent the lock on this thread, since this lock is necessitated only by this thread's location on Convert Issues.
I have reviewed the latest statements and now close and lock this topic in agreement with Peter the Aleut. It has failed to stay on topic and the debate has become more than permitted in the Convert Issues Forum. |
James S. Brady Press Briefing Room
11:45 A.M. EDT
MR. SPICER: I know the President is leaving shortly, so I’m going to keep this relatively short.
A couple things from yesterday. The President signed four bills: S.J. Res. 34 which disapproves of the FCC regulations that would have imposed new privacy standards on Internet service providers, allowing bureaucrats in Washington to pick winners and losers in the industry — we’ve discussed that before; H.J Resolution 83, which disapproves of a Department of Labor regulation extending the statute of limitation for claims against employers failing to maintain records of employee injuries; H.J. Res. 69, the disapproval of the Bureau of Land Management regulations that would limit Alaska’s ability to manage hunting of predators on national wildlife refuges in Alaska; and H.R. 1228 which makes technical amendments to the appointment procedures of members to the Board of Congressional Compliance.
One quick note, I mentioned this before, but the number gets higher — we’ve now — the President has signed 12 congressional review acts. In the past, all Presidents combined had signed one. So I think we have a vastly different attempt to roll back regulatory reforms that are standing in the way of freedom as well as business development.
Also yesterday, the President spoke with the President of Peru and the President of Colombia to express his condolences for the devastation and loss of life by recent mudslides in the country. He offered the assistance of the United States government during this tragedy. And the President also spoke with President Putin of the Russian Federation to condemn yesterday’s attack in St. Petersburg. He offered the full support of the United States government in responding to the attack and bringing those to justice. We had readouts of both of those yesterday.
With respect to today, this morning the President hosted a CEO town hall. I think some of you had the opportunity to go over there. The town hall was broken into four separate discussions — infrastructure, modernizing government services, workforce development, and the pro-business climate. A report released by the Pew Research Center yesterday showed an historic rise in public opinion about the economy. Fifty-eight percent of Americans say that the current economic situation in the United States is good, which is a 14 percent jump from last year, the largest one-year improvement in the survey’s history. It’s also the most positive Americans have been about the economy since before the recession.
The American economy is already showing improvements under the President’s pro-job, pro-business policies. The President was glad for the opportunity to speak to the CEOs from many industries about what his administration is doing moving forward to make it even easier to create jobs in America and making it even easier to do business in the country.
This afternoon — in fact, literally momentarily — the President will be taking off from the White House to go speak at the 2017 North America Building Trades Unions national legislative conference. I’m not going to get ahead of the speech, but I think it’s fairly safe to say that he looks forward to speaking to the men and women who are building so much around our nation, and the issues that matter most to them — bringing back well-paying jobs, jumpstarting American energy, rebuilding our infrastructure and trade.
Later this afternoon, the President will have several meetings, including EPA Administrator Pruitt, Treasury Secretary Mnuchin, Congressman Dana Rohrabacher, Governor Torres of the Northern Mariana Islands. And this afternoon, we will have a background briefing here in this room at 4:30 p.m. on the upcoming visit with President Xi.
And then tomorrow, I know we had mentioned earlier in the week that there will be a Wounded Warriors soldier ride. We’re obviously tracking the weather on that, but this is really a great opportunity, and I know that this team is working with several media outlets who want to cover this to really pay tribute to the men and women who have fought and served for this country and some of the efforts that are being made now to really go out and show how they’ve recovered so well and compete. So while it may look like we’re going to have some rain, I’ll make sure that we share any updates with you.
Last, before I get on to your questions, I just want to — we have a quick update on Syria. So I’m going to read the statement for you, and obviously, as I conclude, we will put it out:
Today’s chemical attack in Syria against innocent people, including women and children, is reprehensible and cannot be ignored by the civilized world. These heinous actions by the Bashar al-Assad regime are a consequence of the past administration’s weakness and irresolution. President Obama said in 2012 that he would establish a “red line” against the use of chemical weapons, and then did nothing. The United States stands with our allies across the globe to condemn this intolerable act.
John.
Q Thank you, Sean. I wanted to pick up on that statement. As you know, with this chemical attack on this rebel-held Syrian town, at least 100 deaths have been reported, at least 400 injuries. And I hope you could give some clarity in terms of the administration’s position on Syria. Secretary of State Tillerson just days ago said that the Syrian people themselves should decide the future of the country. And at the same time, the U.N. Ambassador — the U.S. Ambassador to the U.N., Nikki Haley, has said that Assad is a war criminal. So you just criticized President Obama’s policy on Syria and the red line. What will the administration do in response to what we saw take place there over the past 24 hours?
MR. SPICER: Thanks. I think the statement speaks for itself. I think a couple of things. One is, statements by both Secretary Tillerson and Ambassador Haley speak to the political realities of the situation in Syria in terms of — I think we had opportunities in the past, several years, to look at regime change. I think those are fundamentally — the landscape is fundamentally different than it is today.
That being said, I think the President has made it clear in the past, and will reiterate that today, that he is not here to telegraph what we’re going to do. But rest assured that I think he has been speaking with his national security team this morning, and we will continue to have that discussion both internally with our national security team, as well as with our allies around the globe. But I think the statement pretty much speaks for itself — what we believe, that is — and then we’ll go from there.
Q Do you think there is any confusion with those two statements that I read earlier — one from Secretary of State Tillerson and the other from the U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations, Nikki Haley?
MR. SPICER: No. As I said, one of them is just a statement of — or both of their statements with respect to Assad speak to the political reality of — it’s great to say that — there is almost an acknowledgement of the reality of the situation, politically speaking, in terms of his standing within — where we stand. There is not a fundamental option of regime change as there has been in the past. I think we would look like, to some degree, rather silly not acknowledging the political realities that exist in Syria, and that what we need to do is fundamentally do what we can to empower the people of Syria to find a different way.
Right now, both statements stand very squarely with what we will do today. I think that the comments and the statement are unequivocal when it comes to how we believe we view this attack on innocent people, the heinous nature of it. But I don’t want to get ahead of where we’re going from here.
Hunter.
Q Just real quick, Sean. Are you —
MR. SPICER: Hold on. Hans, I know —
Q I didn’t know if the point was to me or —
MR. SPICER: No, no, it wasn’t. Hunter is Hunter; Hans is Hans.
Q Thank you, Sean.
MR. SPICER: I’ll come back to you.
Q Thank you. I’m wondering if you’re at all concerned to see these reports of the chemical attacks coming right on the heels of the administration suggesting it’s open to Assad staying in power. Are you worried there’s any correlation between the attacks and the change in posture?
MR. SPICER: Again — and I don’t think — I would hardly characterize it as — I forgot the way that you phrased it — but there’s not a comfort level with Assad. I think it’s a political reality. That being said, I think the idea that someone would use chemical weapons on their own people, including women and children, is not something that any civilized nation should sit back and accept or tolerate. And I think that is what we are making very clear today.
Q Right. But in addition to you describing Assad as the
“political reality,” Ambassador Haley said the priority “is no longer to sit there and focus on getting Assad out.” That’s a direct quote. So this is clearly a change in posture. Do you think there’s any correlation between sort of an almost increased brazenness on his part and those statements?
MR. SPICER: I don’t. And I think that — like I said, I’m not going to get into it, but I think the President is extremely alarmed at these revelations. He continues to meet with his national security team, and I think there will be further discussions around the globe with our allies as far as the appropriate action.
Hans.
Q Thanks, Sean. Are you certain it was the Assad regime? Is it possible that Russia was involved? Do you know the air platform? And then one final — do you know if any Russian forces were with Assad regime forces that launched the chemical attack?
MR. SPICER: I’m not going to get into — I know that the President was briefed on this extensively this morning by his national security team, and I’m going to let the statement speak for itself, because we feel very confident in the statement that we’re making.
Q So that means no Russian involvement?
MR. SPICER: That means that the statement is very clear as far as who we believe is to blame and how we believe we’re reacting to it.
Zeke.
Q Thanks, Sean. In the statement, you were sharply critical of the past administration with regards to Syria. I was hoping you could clarify, when does the President believe that he takes ownership of foreign policy when obviously — every President always blames the predecessor — the need to put that criticism in this statement, now condemning the use of chemical weapons, a war crime overseas, why take the potshot at his predecessor? And when does the President truly own his own foreign policy?
MR. SPICER: I think it is very clear. I mean, we drew — what’s the point of red lines? America’s credibility was at stake, and I think the President wants to point out that there was a red line and they did cross it. We did talk about — we did have alternatives to regime change, and they weren’t taken. And I think that’s a very, very different — it’s important to acknowledge the difference in the change in our posture and how we will go out from here. So I think it is a big difference.
Q And what is that change in posture?
MR. SPICER: I understand. The statement speaks for itself. I think I’m not going to get into what actions we’re taking. Obviously, I get you want to do that. Those are decisions that the national security team continues to make recommendations to the President. But until we do anything, I’d rather not get ahead of it.
Q So the next crisis — maybe it’s not Syria — is the President going to criticize President Obama for trade policies when he meets with President Xi later this week? Is it every foreign policy statement —
MR. SPICER: It’s going to depend — I mean, I don’t want to say yes or no. I mean, I think that’s going to depend on what our posture was towards that country or regime or policy.
Q (Inaudible.)
MR. SPICER: I don’t — I mean, I don’t know. Did you ask that same question of President Obama when they literally spent a year or two years blaming the Bush administration for everything that was wrong?
Q Yes. Yes, we did. (Laughter.)
MR. SPICER: But I mean, I think that — look, right now we’re 70-something days into it. I think there’s no question what their position was with respect to Syria in terms of red lines and regime change and the lack of action that they did take. I think we want to make sure that we’re very clear that there is a different posture.
Q Sean, is President Trump willing to draw a second red line to discourage the Assad regime from using chemical weapons on his own people?
MR. SPICER: I think the statement is pretty clear on this, Trey. The United States stands with our allies to condemn this intolerable attack. And I think going forward we will have more on this, but I’m not — I think we want to be very clear where we stand. I know countries throughout Europe are reaching out, making it clear what their position is. There’s been some calls for action, the U.N. Security Council. I think, at this point, as things develop, I’m not ready to talk about our next step, but we’ll get there soon.
Kaitlan.
Q Does the White House agree with Rand Paul that Susan Rice should testify?
MR. SPICER: I think that’s — again, I’m not going to start getting into who should testify. But I do think that it is — I know that she’s about to make comments to a host of — to minimize this. But it is interesting, she was the one who went out and said she “had nothing to do” with this on a program a few weeks ago, and now I continue to see more and more reports.
So I think it’s not for me to decide who should testify or how they should do it, but I do think that there is a sharp contrast between a few weeks ago when she was very public in saying she “didn’t have any clue what Chairman Nunes was talking about,” and yet now we’re finding out that she’s trying to figure out how she can go to some kind of friendly way of discussing this.
But all yesterday there was an opportunity — my understanding — of several people to reach out. I didn’t hear anything except for a quote; one network described it as a “person close to her,” which I think is rather interesting that — you would assume that if you stood by the comments that you made several weeks ago, that you wouldn’t need someone who just was close to you to defend it.
Q What do you think about networks like CNN saying that it’s a diversion, that the Susan Rice story is a diversion?
MR. SPICER: I think I’ll let CNN speak for themselves. I find it interesting that you — I don’t know how many reports that — I get that at some point they have an invested angle and narrative in this, but the reality is — and again, I’m not going to keep going into every turn and twist about this, but I think that, as I noted yesterday, the more we find out about this the more we learn that there was clearly something there and that there was a lot of activity. We’ve seen people both on the record and in comments talk about their activities.
I think it’s interesting, as I noted yesterday, and I read some of the comments afterwards, but the default from at least some media outlets seems to be to rush to the defense of the Obama administration and the activities there instead of so-called want to get to the bottom of this. But there is an immediate attempt to defend certain actions like that on one side of the aisle and an immediate rush to judgment on the other side, which I get that people don’t like to hear that, but that is the reality.
If you look at the two situations that occurred, there is no question the way that some networks are handling one set of circumstances versus another. It is clearly an attempt to preserve a narrative and to defend one side of the aisle versus another.
Steve.
Q Sean, generally speaking, would you like to see Assad step down or out of power somehow in Syria?
MR. SPICER: I think it’s in the best interest of the Syrian people to not have anybody who would do the kind of heinous acts — any leader that treats their people with this kind of activity and death and destruction — I mean, it’s just — yeah, I don’t think that anybody would wish this upon anybody.
Q And are you confident that the United States will respond to this attack in some way?
MR. SPICER: I would not want to get ahead of the President at this point. I do think that the statement is fairly strongly worded for a certain reason.
Q And lastly, has he specifically talked to any allies about this this morning?
MR. SPICER: I’m not sure that he’s spoken to any leaders specifically. I know the team has been in contact. He’s spent an extensive amount of [time with] team this morning getting briefed by the intelligence community as well as his national security team.
Hallie.
Q Sean, I want to follow on that and then I have two other topics for you. You said — I know you don’t want to get ahead of the President and you’re letting the statement speak for itself. You also said that you want to empower the people of Syria to find a different way. How will the United States help them out with that?
MR. SPICER: I don’t think — again, we need to look at options at this point, and I’m not going to get ahead of the President and the team. I think right now our concern is for the people of Syria and the victims of this attack. We have plenty of time to chart a way forward.
Q Okay, so let me just ask you this. On the Susan Rice story, you said yesterday you believed that it was moving in a “troubling direction.” What do you find troubling about that story?
MR. SPICER: Well, I find it troubling that someone would go out and talk about the fact that they had — and again, I’m paraphrasing because I don’t have the exact quote in front of me — but I believe she made something to the comments, I have no idea what Chairman Nunes is talking about, and then threw a person apparently that’s close to her — continuing a narrative, but yet more and more news outlets are reporting that there was something there.
And there’s a question — I’ve seen enough — you saw Secretary — I mean, former director Brennan talk about that if people were leaking this information, it’s treasonous. You have questions about what was the motive behind if it didn’t have intelligence value, it wasn’t part of an ongoing investigation, what was the reason that somebody would have — the extent to which it goes.
I think those are all very — I mean, there is a civil liberties component to this that should be very troubling in terms of the revelations that keep coming up.
Q But so to pick up on that, do you believe it is improper for a national security advisor to request the unmasking of names?
MR. SPICER: It would depend on the purpose of that. Again, it depends on the purpose of why they were asking and what they were trying to accomplish.
Q But it sounds like you believe this purpose was politically motivated. (Inaudible.)
MR. SPICER: No, no, I’m not — please don’t —
Q I’m not putting words in your mouth, I’m just trying to understand —
MR. SPICER: Well, you are. You said “you believe.”
Q I’m asking you.
MR. SPICER: Okay, and I think the answer is that I think why I’m saying that we’re going in a troubling path is I think that what we continue to see is that there is a lot coming out that says there was no value in this intelligence. And so the question is, why was somebody unmasked if that was the case, what was the purpose of requesting it, and the extent of which it occurred.
If there is no intelligence or criminal value in it, why was somebody requesting it? How far did they do it? Who did they share it with? But I believe that there are more questions than answers at this point.
Q My last question about healthcare. There’s been a lot of discussion in the last 18 hours or so on the revival, potentially, of this healthcare bill. Speaker Paul Ryan said today it’s in the concept stages, if you will. Can you talk about the White House’s role in this and specifics? Are community ratings now on the table? Preexisting conditions, will those be protected? Has the President made that —
MR. SPICER: I think, yesterday, Chief of Staff Priebus and some others hosted a group — Tuesday Group folks here in the morning. I know the Vice President and Mr. Priebus went up to Capitol Hill later in the afternoon. I know they’ve got some additional meetings today I believe back on Capitol Hill. They’re having some folks here. The President had a discussion with a couple members in the House and the Senate over the weekend.
I think that our goal is — and I know Chairman Walden of the House Energy and Commerce Committee has been talking to his members in particular and members of the different caucuses and groups up there, and I think has some ideas that he thinks could be very helpful. He’s talked to leadership. I think if we can — the same narrative that we’ve been talking about for a while — if we can get that group to get to 216, then I think that we’ll move forward.
I think the talks have been very productive.
Q So it’s back live, would you say?
MR. SPICER: I think the President — look, the President would like to see this done. If we can get a deal and it gets to those votes — which, again, I’m not going to raise expectations. But I think that there are more and more people coming to the table with more and more ideas about to grow that vote. And I think on both — not just in the House, but we’ve had some discussions as well in the Senate. But I think both the Chief of Staff and the Vice President feel very optimistic with the tone of the conversation and the ideas that are coming out and the willingness of folks to find common ground.
John.
Q Can you talk about this Erik Prince business — this idea that he was trying to create a back channel between the President and Russia? I mean, his closeness to this administration — his sister being the Education Secretary — certainly creates an appearance, but it could also be problematic for the White House from the standpoint of, well, this is what the Obama administration might have been looking into (inaudible) intelligence reports.
MR. SPICER: The thing that’s interesting about the story is, when you look at it, it’s — respectfully, I would call it flimsy. I mean, they use — the meeting took place around January 11th. He had no “formal role with the campaign or transition team,” although he apparently presented himself. He “has ties to people” — that’s plural. When you go through the story, the tie that they have is that he appeared on Steve Bannon’s radio show. When you look at the radio show, it says that he appeared on Steve Bannon’s radio show in November. Steve Bannon gave up the radio show in August.
I think that this idea that somebody who admittedly, on both sides — we say that he had no role in the transition, he says he has no role in the transition. But apparently, he knows somebody who knew somebody, who knew a guy in the UAE, who also knew a guy in Russia and they had to fly to the Seychelles on or around January 11th, of which the government of the Seychelles says, “They have no record of them being there.” Government officials in the Seychelles, “they were not aware of any meetings.”
But it is a bunch of flimsy pieces of information all tied together to create a sensational feel. But just so we’re clear, there is no — they can’t identify the other individuals. They claim that Erik Prince, who went, admittedly by himself, by us, by others, has no role in the transition, and that his connection is “ties to people” — is, one, he’s related to what would become the Secretary of Education’s sister, and two, is he appeared on someone’s radio show. That doesn’t seem to pass muster with a great deal of strength to me.
Q But would you acknowledge that this could be potentially problematic from the standpoint of —
MR. SPICER: No.
Q — this could give Susan Rice an out to say, well, this was the sort of thing that we were looking at, and this is why we were conducting to unmask —
MR. SPICER: Well, I think if you are looking at — I mean, you would hope that if that’s what you were looking at, you would get a lot more information than that. That, to me — I don’t — they don’t know the date, who they met with, how they actually came into contact, what the exact ties were, or what supposedly happened as a consequence to this, because they can’t meet. There was no, apparently — nothing came of it.
So, again, I guess someone may have visited an island, but there is no proof they actually ever met with an individual, nor that they had any ties, nor that they actually know the exact date, nor any consequence of the so-called meeting. I think that it is flimsy at best.
Q The President said earlier at that CEO town hall, as it relates to infrastructure, that the package would be a trillion dollars and “maybe even more.” Given a trillion dollars is a massive number to begin with, what might “and maybe even more” mean?
MR. SPICER: Again, I think that’s part of what the team is working on. It’s a number that’s very consistent with what he has said since the beginning. So I don’t know why this should be any different than — I mean, it’s consistent with the numbers that he’s used.
Q And then let me ask you about Dodd-Frank. He also said that he wants to take a haircut to it. Dodd-Frank is a law that the President can’t unilaterally change. He can’t sign executive orders. So is he hoping to work with Capitol Hill for this major haircut? Is it solely through executive orders? How does that relationship —
MR. SPICER: I think we’ll have an update further on that. Obviously, there’s clearly, as you know, a legislative component to this, and we’ll have more on that.
Q Thanks, Sean. I want to follow up on Hallie’s question about healthcare. The proposed changes to the essential health benefits and the community ratings — is there a concern that that would roll back protections for preexisting conditions? That’s obviously something that President Trump said he wanted to keep in place during the campaign. So wouldn’t these changes that health policy experts were saying would get rid of those protections, wouldn’t that violate what President Trump —
MR. SPICER: Again, I would note, to Hallie’s question, that we’re not there yet. We’re having discussions. As I said, the Chief of Staff hosted the Tuesday Group yesterday morning, and then he and the Vice President went up yesterday to talk to the Freedom Caucus. I think part of this is — I get that there are disparate interests that are trying to pull this to one side or another, but I think that we understand the core principles of this and we’ve got to make sure that we do — whatever we do continues to get an outcome that grows the vote, not decreases the vote. And so I don’t want to start prejudging where this thing is going to head at this point.
So, with that, I know the President is on his way, he’s going to start speaking. So I’ll catch you later. Enjoy. Thank you.
END
12:11 P.M. EDT |
[Treatment of pneumonia in childhood (author's transl)].
It is necessary to start with antibiotic treatment in infections of the lower respiratory system, especially pneumonias. The finding of the infectious agent is difficult and without security. With simple investigations, as sedimentation rate, white blood cell count and cell differentiation there is a possibility of 80% to get a diagnosis of bacterial infection. In 25 patients aged 1 1/2 to 9 years with x-ray diagnosis of pneumonia the results of treatment with cephacetril (100 mg/kg/d) are given. Clinical symptoms disappeared after 5 days, the average time of illness was 12 days. One patient got a severe pleural effusion. |
The Important and Chaotic Symbiosis of Video Games
The Industries fixation on Trends
It’s nearly impossible to mention a game that has been on top of the charts in recent months that has been without a couple noticeable traits. We cannot forget that yes, Battle Royale is here to stay, yet we loathe it as a feature. At least I do, personally. Battle Royales are just uninspiring wastelands we are told to trudge through, regardless of what else is in the game its goal remains the same. The rise of Fortnite, the throne snatching Apex Legends, the fiery PUBG with their litigious bull, and now even mainline AAA games are coming out, games we could guarantee would be the exact same as we remember them are getting Battle Royale shoehorned in.
What I’m saying is that Battle Royale is another trend, one which is beginning to pass thankfully. Now in the wake of these AAA attempts at Battle Royale we are finally beginning to understand just how ridiculous the whole thing was. Allow me to be very clear in this article, I am not here to dump all over BR games, I can sometimes squeeze out some enjoyment from these atrocities unto coding and modelling. What I hate is how susceptible we are to trends, and how little people actually notice.
Trends are a natural part of the Video Game Industry
Just the same as in movies, music, TV shows, everything follows some sort of trend! This parasite we call the AAA Industry is unfortunately in a tight symbiosis with us. Remember when Overwatch and Battleborn were pegged to release as competitors? The amount of Hero Shooters that flooded the market afterwards was ridiculous, with Paladins bordering terrifyingly close to outright plagiarism. It was unbearable and highly annoying to anyone who desires a more engaging experience.
Trends havent always been as much of a nuisance as they are today. There was a time where games had visual trends as well, and thats not lost in the current generation. Every game has to have Photo realism now, every game must have built in shaders that blend the environment with the models! These are small trends that have gone relatively unnoticed, people talk about games looking prettier of course. I’ll never forget my reaction, alongside the whole world’s reaction, to Battlefield 1. The fact that it had so much going on visually while maintaining that good game play feel was a marvel at the time.
I feel as though Trends need to change. Their focus needs to be less on Graphical Fidelity, and more on nailing a harmonious balance between game and player. What do I mean? Let’s look at a grand example of good visual and audio direction, without necessitating complex gameplay.
Journey PS3/PS4
Journey, who remembers this game? I sure do! It’s one of my favorites. This is not me saying it’s a 10/10, but it’s nearly perfect. When I say perfect, I mean perfect. Perfect harmony between Gameplay, Feel, Visuals, and Audio. Let’s start off with the Soundtrack, if you haven’t listened to it, you need to! It’s stunning, and an absolutely beautiful soundtrack for an absolutely beautiful game. This is one of two feet that Journey has on the ground to keep itself upright, the other being visuals.
The Visuals are mystical, magical really! Vast deserts of twinkling sand that rolls into gorgeous hills, nestling within are ruins of completely unknown origin. The whole time we are spoonfed information about this lost civilization, piecing together the story of their exodus from their homeland and eventual extinction. You learn you are a part of a bigger picture, naturally, slowly, calmly. Without a single dose of Dialogue, this game manages to deliver the greatest payload of information to you swiftly and efficiently.
The two feet are important, they are what hold your game up, they are what you fall back on in case your design has flaws. Hack n’ Slash games such as Darksiders or even Diablo 3 have solid gameplay and progression as their feet. Oftentimes they need not worry about visuals, hence why they come in all manner of shapes and sizes. Journey relies almost entirely on the Soundtrack and Visuals to deliver the story, as it is presented in a very raw emotional format.
The other two limbs, Gameplay being the backbone on which everything is balanced, and Game Feel. Gameplay will always be the backbone, because it’s a game. It’s an interactable piece of software, of course how you interact with it and what you can do with it is what matters nearly above everything else. Journey isn’t strong in this department, but it does what it set out to do. The game feels inordinately fluid and you rarely will notice any change in terrain. You wade through oceans of golden sands that wrap around you, sliding down hills at unbelievable speeds, and flying for limited periods of time. This simple thing makes the game entertaining, but only for a while.
As you can tell, its difficult to talk about Game Feel and Gameplay separately. Game Feel is the cumulative experience of actively playing the game, and in Journey’s case, it’s a calm and very gentle ride.
Why can’t trends be more like this!?
Seriously, I do understand development cycles! I am personally attempting to develop 5 separate games all alone, I truly understand. But, where I draw the line is when it lacks in the case of whole studios. Separate individuals, teams, groups, all of this should expedite the process, not muddle it up. Good example, Anthem, the world renown universal disappointment whom everyone looks at as if it is the red-headed step child who just smeared their terrible produce all over the wall with a big fat smile on his cockeyed face.
Anthem was a tremendous disappointment, I hardly need to expand on that. In terms of visuals and animation, its a strikingly good look! The Javelins look intense, the world feels and looks alive! But in terms of Gameplay, it was a shallow attempt at a Looter Shooter with some of the most heart breaking payoffs. You feel diminishing returns once you are done with the tutorial, and realize very very soon after just how repetitive the game is.
The largest problem that has been chewing away at the AAA Industry, at the Games Industry as a whole, is the visual style. Since the PS3 and Xbox 360 Era Game visuals have been muddy, dark, gritty. Now we have moved on from Gritty games and have moved up to Photorealistic Dirty Games. Visually games havent changed too much, they’ve only become clearer. All of this plus the usual gameplay we are forcefed every single year.
Why can’t we have more symbiotic trends?
It boils down to distrust. EA has been dying to eat away at our wallets since Battlefront. Activision has followed a similar path and are dragging Blizzard with them! We have no reason to trust these AAA developers, they insidiously inject these games with addictive elements and pawn them to us as Live Service games, essentially a Drug Dealer who feeds our addiction until they decide not to anymore. Yet AAA has no reason to trust us either, we have lashed at them for petty things in the past, Hot Coffee and Rockstar Games, a coded and fully animated crude sex scene that was built into the game and locked away. Is it okay to have that stuff in a game? Well, its Rockstar and GTA, an M rated game that states on the front ‘sexual themes’.
By no means shall I excuse AAA developers for these heinous acts, and they’re beginning to realize we aren’t afraid to bite back. These damn developers realize that we took their vacuum out of our pockets. So they take safe bets with broad gameplay and incorporate purposefully addictive components into their games so that we cannot help ourselves but to play them. Masking casinos in sheep’s clothing.
Why is it that the most well equipped of us is refusing to utilize that equipment for good? Honestly, it boils down to profit. That’s all a company has to strive for. They won’t take the risk of developing a game for years and then releasing it to a less than favorable score. It’s an understandable fear to a certain degree, but not if it’s a AAA studio that could eat the cost. We need to support developers who are keen on developing games with real heart and soul. When I say Symbiosis I mean the games components, how well they cooperate and so on.
Take for instance, Amplitude Studios, the ones behind the Endless Trilogy. Endless Legend being my personal favorite due to its symbiosis. Support these kind of developers! Support the ones who care about everything in the game. Don’t sit and support a developer who is keen on one aspect of a massive game. Yooka-Laylee is a great example. They wanted to make a Platformer, reminiscent of the old days. Little did they realize, that its quite hard to nail down the symbiosis Banjo Kazooie and Mario 64 had. Yooka-Laylee came out as a bit of a flop and the whole world forgot about it. All it focused on is how the game feels, not how the world syncs with the player and how immersive it is as a full experience.
Studios and developers that focus on one thing aren’t necessarily a bad thing. Toby Fox, developer of Undertale, made an intensely enjoyable and worthwhile game. Though it has some flaws, the gameplay, soundtrack, visuals, all of it is synchronized! A perfect balance of everything, making that game score quite highly with nearly everyone who’s played it. What made Undertale so unique was its emphasis on Characters, this was essentially early fostering for a fandom. Causing it to blow up like no other.
Remember that, no matter the circumstances, the AAA industry will always be a step behind. It’s sheer folly to expect any quality product from any of them anymore. Yet we will continue to purchase these games because of their pedigree. It’s time to wrap this up, so lemme give you something to look forward to.
On September 10th, a rather promising game called Greedfall is coming out. Its overall style is what’s drawing me to it, and I have surprisingly high hopes for it! What do you think? Lemme know in the comments I would love to hear your thoughts, not just on Greedfall but on everything I said! I missed a lot in this article, and I’m anxious to see what you all think!
Did you know you can report news for us too? Anyone can report the news, or post a review on gamelust.com, AND have a chance to become featured on our homepage! All you need to do is log in or register with us and add your voice today! |
add_subdirectory(memcache)
add_subdirectory(ping)
add_subdirectory(resp)
|
Soy protein suppresses gene expression of acetyl-coA carboxylase alpha from promoter PI in rat liver.
Dietary soy protein isolate (SPI) reduces hepatic lipogenesis by suppressing gene expression of lipogenic enzymes, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). In order to elucidate the mechanism of this regulation, the effect of dietary SPI on promoter (PI and PII) specific gene expression of ACC alpha was investigated. Rats were fed experimental diets containing SPI or casein as a nitrogen source. SPI feeding decreased the hepatic contents of total ACC mRNA as well as triglyceride (TG) content, but dietary SPI affected the amount of sterol-regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-1 mRNA and protein very little. The amount of ACC mRNA transcribed from PII promoter containing SRE was not significantly affected by dietary protein, while a significant decrease in PI-generated ACC mRNA content was observed in rats fed the SPI diet. These data suggest that SPI feeding decreased the hepatic contents of ACC alpha mRNA mainly by regulating PI promoter via a nuclear factor(s) other than SREBP-1. |
How to Assemble a Balance Wheel
The balance wheel is comprised of a number of parts. Below is a guide to how to make the majority of the assembly, excluding the collet and balance spring.
This is the upper side of the balance wheel. It has an innner bevel, whereas the bottom side is flat.
The bottom side of the balance wheel, notice that the spokes are flush to the rim of the wheel unlike the upper side.
The roller. There’s two main parts, the big roller or table roller and the safety roller or little roller. The table roller is on the bottom in this photo, and it has the impulse jewel on it. There’s a groove in the safety roller in line with the jewel which forms part of the safety action of the escapement.
The balance staff. If you can imagine the staff is in two parts separated by the hub, the part on the left is wher the balance wheel will sit and is the upper side. The part to the right is where the roller will fit on and is the bottom side.
First things first, you need to find the right sized hole in your staking set. You can do this by putting the balance in a hole until you find the one that is the smallest it will comfortably fit into. Make sure to double check you’ve got the balance wheel side up.
Now that you have the right hole selected, you will want to use a spike to align the base correctly and then tighten it up.
Choose you first stake as being one that has a flat top and a hole big enough to fit the balance shoulder in
The first stake
You can push the balance wheel onto the balance shoulder by hand and then place it in the staking block. You can then use the stake to push the wheel flat to the balance seat. You only need to use the force of your hand and shouldn’t need to hammer the stake. Be sure that after each push you revolve the stake and the balance as the staking set may have imperfections nd by revolving the stake and the piece you can average them out.
Visually check the result. The wheel should be completely flat on the balance seat and the riveting shoulder should be showing.
The next stake needs to have a rounded end, and have a hole large enough to fit the collet shoulder through but not the riveting shoulder.
After a few hammer strikes you can see the rivet forming as you splay the shoulder out. As before be sure to revolve the piece and the stake after each hit.
The next stake needs to flatten the riveting shoulder that you’ve just bent down flat forming the complete rivet. It needs a flat top and the same sized hole as the previous stake.
After a few hammer blowsyou can start to see the rivet flatten out. I’ve not done it quite enough at this point and you can still see quite a step remaining.
After a bit more bashing the rivet is now flat and the wheel is now joined to the balance staff.
The next stage is to put the roller onto the bottom half of the balance staff. For this we’re going to be turning the assembly upside down. As we already have the right sized stake for this side we can use the stake like an anvil and rest the balance on. Not all staking blocks have this option, but in this case we can place the stake inside it
We can treat the new anvil like a normal hole in the staking block, and so you will need to line it up correctly as before using a spike.
Then place the balance into the stake, making sure that the bottom side is facing upwards
For the final stake we want one that is curved so it will fit inside the arch of the safety roller. We do not want to damage the roller and will only want to push it into place by hand
Make sure that the roller is sitting right upto the roller seat. You are only pusing the roller on with the force of you hand, as it is a tight friction fit on the tapered roller shoulder, but not so tight that you can never remove it later
You will want to align the impulse pin so that it is inbetween two legs of the wheel. This is so that you will be able to see the operation of the impulse jewel during escapement clearly
The final step is to put the assembly into a poising tool and rotate it to double check to see whether it is straight |
Q:
Data Structure to ArrayList
I want to store a Data Structure in an ArrayList.
My Data Structure is the following:
public class Node{
private double weight;
private int floor;
private List<Integer> nodelist= new ArrayList<Integer>();
}
I want to store into this data structure in the following way: Hence, I already create before an ArrayList where I store the nodelist and afterwards I want only to strore this list in the ArrayList, as I do in the next line:
ArrayList<Node> nl = new ArrayList<Node>();
nl.add(new Node(0,1, xy.getnodelist());
The problem is now the following: If I do this, the the ArrayList in my ArrayList nl is always the same and I do not know where my error is.
In the first time I tried it only with ArrayList, but later I switched to List, because I read at Stackoverflow that this should be used for storing ArrayLists in ArrayLists.
But this doesn't help me.
A:
In your code
nl.add(new Node(0,1, xy.getnodelist());
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
the part I highighted doesn't create a new list, it returns a reference to the existing list. That's why your lists are always the same (because there is only one list, with a few references to it).
Sounds to me that you are looking for
nl.add(new Node(0,1, new ArrayList<Integer>(xy.getnodelist()));
|
Q:
Why does this linq extension method hit the database twice?
I have an extension method called ToListIfNotNullOrEmpty(), which is hitting the DB twice, instead of once. The first time it returns one result, the second time it returns all the correct results.
I'm pretty sure the first time it hits the database, is when the .Any() method is getting called.
here's the code.
public static IList<T> ToListIfNotNullOrEmpty<T>(this IEnumerable<T> value)
{
if (value.IsNullOrEmpty())
{
return null;
}
if (value is IList<T>)
{
return (value as IList<T>);
}
return new List<T>(value);
}
public static bool IsNullOrEmpty<T>(this IEnumerable<T> value)
{
if (value != null)
{
return !value.Any();
}
return true;
}
I'm hoping to refactor it so that, before the .Any() method is called, it actually enumerates through the entire list.
If i do the following, only one DB call is made, because the list is already enumerated.
var pewPew = (from x in whatever
select x)
.ToList() // This enumerates.
.ToListIsNotNullOrEmpty(); // This checks the enumerated result.
I sorta don't really want to call ToList() then my extension method.
Any ideas, folks?
A:
I confess that I see little point in this method. Surely if you simply do a ToList(), a check to see if the list is empty suffices as well. It's arguably harder to handle the null result when you expect a list because then you always have to check for null before you iterate over it.
I think that:
var query = (from ...).ToList();
if (query.Count == 0) {
...
}
works as well and is less burdensome than
var query = (from ...).ToListIfNotNullOrEmpty();
if (query == null) {
...
}
and you don't have to implement (and maintain) any code.
|
Pediatric surgery between 1860 and 1900.
The twentieth century begins the modern era of pediatric surgery, a time of innovation and vastly improved operative survival. Until then, many correctable congenital anomalies had been described in case reports only as medical curiosities, seemingly having no chance for surgical cure, but the challenge was available to those wishing to accept. The first texts devoted to surgical diseases of infancy and childhood were descriptive, emphasizing visible and palpable lesions, tuberculosis, musculoskeletal deformity, and major trauma, but also recognized that "surgical diseases of children by their number, their variety, and their character must, we think, be studied in a special manner and demand a special chapter in surgical books." The construction of Children's Hospitals during the nineteenth century identified the need to provide special facilities for children. Surgical antisepsis was practiced and general anesthesia used. Physicians such as Hirschsprung recognized a wide spectrum of treatable surgical conditions that would soon become the domain of pediatric surgeons. Indeed, at that moment in time at the very beginning of the twentieth century, Roentgen discovered the x-ray, Ladd received his MD degree at Harvard, the first pediatric appendectomies for appendicitis were successfully performed, and Fredet and Ramstedt recognized that pyloroplasty was not the preferred treatment for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Modern pediatric surgery had passed from embryo to fetus to newborn. |
[Localization of aphasic symptoms: preliminary observations with C.T. scanner (author's transl)].
Twenty patients with aphasia and left-hemisphere damage were examined with a standard language battery, and Computerized Axial Tomography. Patients were divided into fluent (N = 9) and nonfluent (N = 6) on the basis of the language examination; 5 patients who could not be classified in either category were excluded. Lesions were retrorolandic in 8 out of 9 fluent aphasics while extending anteriorly in all 6 nonfluent aphasics. Some unexpected lesions were also found. Five cases -- 3 fluent and 2 nonfluent -- are discussed in detail. |
Methylmalonic and propionic acidemias: lipid profiles of normal and affected human skin fibroblasts incubated with [1-14C]propionate.
Normal human skin fibroblasts and those from methylmalonic acidemia and propionic acidemia patients were grown in culture. Following incubation with [1-14C]propionate, the major lipid classes in the cells were separated by thin layer chromatography and isolated fractions analyzed by radio gas chromatography for the presence of odd-numbered long-chain fatty acids; the pattern of even-numbered long-chain fatty acids was obtained also. Normal fibroblasts incorporated a small percentage of propionate into odd-numbered fatty acids which were present in all lipids studied. The abnormal cells incorporated a larger amount while maintaining the characteristic ratios of odd-numbered fatty acids found in the normal line. Most of the radioactivity was associated with phospholipids which are the predominant constituents of cell membranes. A characteristic C15/C17 ratio was found for different phospholipids and the triglyceride fraction; pentadecanoic acid was the principal odd-numbered fatty acid utilized in the assembly of complex lipids. Compared to even-numbered long-chain fatty acids the absolute amount of odd-numbered fatty acids was low (1-2%), even in affected cells. An unusual polar lipid fraction was isolated in the course of the study. In the normal cell it contained several unlabeled eicosanoids which were missing from the same fraction of both affected cell lines. |
---
author:
- |
Armen Poghosyan\
Yerevan Physics Institute\
Alikhanian Br. 2, 0036 Yerevan, Armenia\
E-mail:
- |
Hayk Poghosyan\
Yerevan State University\
Alex Manoogian 1, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia\
E-mail:
title: |
Mixing with descendant fields in perturbed\
minimal CFT models
---
Introduction {#introduction .unnumbered}
============
In his work [@Zamolodchikov:1987] A. Zamolodchikov has investigated two dimensional QFTs (denoted as ${\cal M}_{p,p-1}$) which are perturbations of the minimal models [@BPZ:1984; @FQS:1984] ${\cal M}_p$ by the relevant primary field $\varphi_{1,3}$. In large $p$ limit he has shown that this theory corresponds to the RG trajectory connecting two successive minimal models ${\cal M}_p$ and ${\cal M}_{p-1}$. In other words ${\cal M}_{p,p-1}$ interpolates between the theories ${\cal M}_p$ (in UV limit) and ${\cal M}_{p-1}$ (in IR limit)[^1]. Zamolodchikov has investigated in details the renormalization of the fields $\varphi_{n,n}$, $\varphi_{n,n\pm 1}$, $\varphi_{n,n\pm 2}$ and computed their matrices of anomalous dimensions. Next to leading order calculations of the same matrices of anomalous dimensions have been carried out in the recent paper [@Poghossian:2ndorder]. Note also that the $N=1$ super-symmetric analogue of this RG flow is analysed in [@Poghossian:1988].
In this paper we extend Zamolodchikov’s analysis to the fields $\varphi_{n,n\pm 3}$. The relative complexity of our case is due to strong mixing with the second level descendants of $\varphi_{n,n\pm 1}$. The general formula of Zamolodchikov for the matrix of anomalous dimensions is designed for the case of primary fields (and for the derivatives thereof), that is why we will adjust his formula to make it applicable also for more generic descendant fields. Effectively we deal with the mixing of 10 different fields, hence we need to calculate an $10 \times 10$ matrix of anomalous dimensions. We find that under RG the UV fields $\varphi_{n,n\pm 3}$ flow to the definite combinations of the IR fields $\varphi_{n\pm 3,n}$ and the second level descendants of $\varphi_{n\pm 1,n}$ and explicitly calculate the mixing coefficients. Some times ago a new method of constructing the UV-IR map has been developed [@Fre_Que:2005branes; @Bru_Rog:2008orb]. The idea is to find a specific conformal interface (called RG domain wall) between UV and IR theories, which encodes this map. Recently Gaiotto suggested an algebraic construction for the RG domain wall responsible for the ${\cal M}_p \rightarrow {\cal M}_{p-1}$ flow [@Gaiotto:2012RGDW] of our current interest. In this paper we report also the result of calculation of already mentioned mixing coefficients obtained through the recent RG domain wall approach by Gaiotto, which in large $p$ limit completely agrees with our leading order perturbation theory result. It is worth noting that in contrast to Zamolodchikov’s method, the domain wall approach works perfectly well also in the case of degenerated conformal dimensions, which is a common feature of the descendant fields.
The paper is organized as follows.
In section \[adjustment\] we briefly recall Zamolodchikov’s method [@Zamolodchikov:1987] of leading order calculation of the anomalous dimensions in perturbed conformal theories. We describe here how to adjust his method for the cases with descendant fields.
Section \[3point\] is devoted to the calculation of the three point functions of up to second level descendant fields which we use in the next section for the calculation of the effective structure and normalization constants.
In section \[anomdim\] we present our calculation of the $10 \times 10 $ matrix of anomalous dimensions.
In section \[Comparison\] we report the results of the calculation of mixing coefficients obtained through the RG domain wall approach suggested by Gaiotto [@Gaiotto:2012RGDW] and get a complete agreement with the leading order perturbation theory results.
In Appendix we collect few relevant facts about minimal models of the two dimensional CFT.
Zamolodchikov’s theory and its adjustment {#adjustment}
=========================================
We will briefly present here the leading order perturbation theory developed by A. Zamolodchikov to investigate the renormalization of fields in a conformal field theory perturbed by relevant operators. Denote the action density by ${\cal H}(x,g^i)$, where $g^i$, $i=1,2,\ldots ,n $ are the (renormalized) coupling constants. It is assumed that $g^i=0$ corresponds to a CFT and the primary spinless fields $\Phi_i\equiv \partial {\cal H}/\partial g^i$ are the perturbing operators which are conventionally normalized as $$\begin{aligned}
\label{norm}
\left.\langle\Phi_{i}(x)\Phi_{j}(0)\rangle
\right|_{x^2=1}=\delta_{i,j}+O(g^2)\end{aligned}$$ In the case when the dimensions $\Delta_i$ of these fields satisfy the conditions $0<\epsilon_i\equiv 1-\Delta_i \ll 1$ and $g\lesssim \epsilon$, A. Zamolodchikov has derived a simple expression for the matrix of the anomalous dimensions $$\begin{aligned}
\label{Z gamma}
\gamma_i^j(g)=\Delta_i\delta_i^j+C_{ik}^j g^k+O(g^2),\end{aligned}$$ where $C_{ik}^j$ are related to the structure constant $C_{ijk}\equiv \langle \Phi_i(1)\Phi_j(0)
\Phi_k(\infty)\rangle |_{g=0}$ $$\begin{aligned}
C_{ik}^j=\pi C_{ijk}
\label{CCrelation}\end{aligned}$$ Suppose we have a set of primary fields with close to each other dimensions. Suppose further that no other field (primary or descendant) of the dimension approximately equal to those of the set can be generated by means of the OPE of the fields from our set with the perturbing fields. Then for the matrix of anomalous dimensions the same formula (\[Z gamma\]) can be used, with the indices $i$ and $j$ running over all the fields of our set. Unfortunately such closed with respect to OPE sets of primary fields are rare. In most cases the closed in above mentioned sense sets will include besides primaries also descendant fields.
The key ingredient of Zamolodchikov’s derivation (\[Z gamma\]) is the evaluation of the first order perturbative integral $$\begin{aligned}
\label{Z I}
&&\int d^2y\langle\varphi_i(x,\bar{x})\varphi_j(0,0)
\varphi_k(y,\bar{y})\rangle=
C_{ijk}(x^2)^{\Delta_k-\Delta_i-\Delta_j}\nonumber\\
&&\times \int d^2y(x-y)^{\Delta_j
-\Delta_i-\Delta_k}y^{\Delta_i-
\Delta_j-\Delta_k}
(\bar{x}-\bar{y})^{\Delta_j-\Delta_i
-\Delta_k}\bar{y}^{\Delta_i-\Delta_j
-\Delta_k}\nonumber\\
&&=(x^2)^{1-\Delta_i-\Delta_j-\Delta_k}C_{ijk}I_{ij}^k
\label{pertint}\end{aligned}$$ where in first equality the standard expression for the three point functions of primary fields is used and $$\begin{aligned}
\label{Iijk}
I_{ij}^{k}=\pi\, \frac
{\Gamma(\Delta_i-\Delta_j-\Delta_k+1)\Gamma(\Delta_j-\Delta_i
-\Delta_k+1)\Gamma(2\Delta_k-1)}
{\Gamma(\Delta_i+\Delta_k
-\Delta_j)\Gamma(\Delta_j+\Delta_k-\Delta_i)\Gamma(2-2\Delta_k)}\end{aligned}$$
It is important to note that the form of $x$ dependence of the integral (\[pertint\]) is completely fixed from the dimensional analysis and remains the same also in the case when $\varphi_i$ or $\varphi_j$ (or both) are descendants. Only the numerical coefficient $C_{ijk}I_{ij}^k$ in the general case would be different. We find it convenient also in general case to factor out the same quantity $I_{ij}^k$ (\[Iijk\]) and denote the remaining part as $\tilde{C}_{ijk}$. $\tilde{C}_{ijk}$ is in some sense an “effective” structure constant. It can be shown that in large p limit it coincides with the structure constant of OPE of the respective fields. This observation immediately suggests the following strategy for the calculation of the matrix of anomalous dimensions in the case when descendant fields are present:
- [ normalize all the (possibly descendant) fields as in eq. (\[norm\])]{}
- [calculate the integrals of the three point functions]{}
- [separate factors $I_{ij}^k$ (\[Iijk\]) from the overall numerical coefficients and denote the remaining parts as $\tilde{C}_{ijk}$]{}
then the matrix of the anomalous dimensions would be $$\begin{aligned}
\label{My gamma}
\gamma_i^j(g)=\Delta_i\delta_i^j+\pi\tilde{C}_{ijk} g^k+O(g^2),\end{aligned}$$ Let us come back to the main case of our interest, namely to the theory with a single coupling constant denoted as ${\cal M}_{p,p-1}$. We are interested in the behavior of the spinless fields $\Phi_{n,m}(x,g)$ ($g$ is the coupling constant) in ${\cal M}_{p,p-1}$. At $g=0$, $\Phi_{n,m}(x,0)=\varphi_{n,m}(x)$ by definition ($\varphi_{n,m}(x)$ are the primaries of ${\cal M}_p$). Let $n-m=l>0$, $n,m\ll p$. The structure of OPE with the perturbing field $\varphi_{1,3}$ schematically is $$\begin{aligned}
\label{1st OPE}
\varphi_{n,m}\varphi_{1,3}=
[\varphi_{n,m}]+
[\varphi_{n,m+2}]+
[\varphi_{n,m-2}]\end{aligned}$$ where the square brackets stand for the corresponding conformal family. The cases when $l=0,1,2$ are analysed in [@Zamolodchikov:1987]. As it is easy to see from (\[1st OPE\]), the field $\varphi_{n,n}$ by itself alone constitutes a closed in already discussed sense set. Hence, it does not mix any other field and the matrix of anomalous dimensions is one dimensional. When $l=1$, the closed set consists of two primaries $\{\varphi_{n,n+1},\varphi_{n,n-1}\}$. Already for $l=2$ we have mixing with a descendant (in this case with a derivative of a primary) and the set is $\{\varphi_{n,n+2},\partial{\bar\partial}\varphi_{n,n},
\varphi_{n,n-2}\}$[@Zamolodchikov:1987]. The next case which is the main subject of this paper includes $10$ different fields. Besides the primaries $\varphi_{n,n\pm 3}$, also second level descendants of the fields $\varphi_{n,n\pm 1}$, altogether $8$ descendants should be included to get a closed set.
The RG trajectory of ${\cal M}_{p,p-1}$ has two fixed points at $g=0$ and at $g=g_*$ [@Zamolodchikov:1987] $$\begin{aligned}
\label{2nd point}
2\pi g_* =\sqrt{3}\epsilon+O(\epsilon^2)\end{aligned}$$ where $\epsilon=2/(p+1)$ is a small parameter. The fixed points at $g=0$ and $g=g_*$ are described by the minimal models ${\cal M}_p$ and ${\cal M}_{p-1}$ respectively. The fields $\Phi_{\alpha}(x,g_*)$ ($\alpha$ is an index numbering the fields of a closed set) should be identified with some combination of fields from ${\cal M}_{p-1}$. To specify this map it is necessary to calculate the respective matrix of anomalous dimensions. The eigenvalues of this matrix at $g=g_*$ are the dimensions of those fields from ${\cal M}_{p-1}$ in term of which the fields $\Phi_{\alpha}(x,g_*)$ can be expanded. On the other hand the components of an eigenvector show, which combination of the fields $\Phi_{\alpha}(x,g_*)$ gives us the specific field from the IR theory ${\cal M}_{p-1}$ whose dimension is equal to the respective eigenvalue.
Calculation of three point functions {#3point}
====================================
Let us begin with the investigation of the fields $\Phi_{n,n\pm 3}(x,g)$ which at vanishing coupling constant coincide with the primaries $\varphi_{n,n\pm 3}$ of the theory ${\cal M}_p$. As we discussed at the end of the previous section we should include into consideration also the second level descendants of the fields $\varphi_{n,n\pm 1}$ $$\begin{aligned}
\label{My des}
\mathcal{L}_a\bar{\mathcal{L}}_b\varphi_{n,n\pm1},\qquad\qquad a,b \in \{1,2\}\end{aligned}$$ where, $$\begin{aligned}
\label{My L}
&&\mathcal{L}_1\equiv{L_{-1}^2 }\nonumber\\
&&\mathcal{L}_2\equiv{L_{-1}^2 -\frac{2(2\Delta+1)}{3}L_{-2}}\end{aligned}$$ Here $L_n$ are Virasoro generators and $\Delta$ is the dimension of the primary field on which this generators act. The form of the operator $\mathcal{L}_2$ is chosen so that the fields $\mathcal{L}_2\varphi$ are quasi primaries. For the resulting properly normalized $10$ fields we make the following assignment $$\begin{aligned}
\label{My f}
&&\Phi_1(x,0)\equiv N_1^{-\frac{1}{2}}\varphi_{n,n+3}(x),
\quad\quad\quad\,
\Phi_2(x,0) \equiv N_2^{-\frac{1}{2}}\mathcal{L}_1
\bar{\mathcal{L}}_1 \varphi_{n,n+1}(x),\nonumber\\
&&\Phi_3(x,0) \equiv N_3^{-\frac{1}{2}}\mathcal{L}_1
\bar{\mathcal{L}}_2 \varphi_{n,n+1}(x),\quad
\Phi_4(x,0)\equiv N_4^{-\frac{1}{2}}\mathcal{L}_2
\bar{\mathcal{L}}_1 \varphi_{n,n+1}(x),\nonumber\\
&&\Phi_5(x,0) \equiv N_5^{-\frac{1}{2}}\mathcal{L}_2
\bar{\mathcal{L}}_2 \varphi_{n,n+1}(x), \quad
\Phi_6(x,0) \equiv N_6^{-\frac{1}{2}}\mathcal{L}_1
\bar{\mathcal{L}}_1 \varphi_{n,n-1}(x),\nonumber\\
&&\Phi_7(x,0) \equiv N_7^{-\frac{1}{2}}\mathcal{L}_1
\bar{\mathcal{L}}_2 \varphi_{n,n-1}(x),\quad
\Phi_8(x,0) \equiv N_8^{-\frac{1}{2}}\mathcal{L}_2
\bar{\mathcal{L}}_1 \varphi_{n,n-1}(x), \nonumber\\
&&\Phi_9(x,0) \equiv N_9^{-\frac{1}{2}}\mathcal{L}_2
\bar{\mathcal{L}}_2 \varphi_{n,n-1}(x),\quad
\Phi_{10}(x,0)\equiv N_{10}^{-\frac{1}{2}}
\varphi_{n,n-3}(x)\end{aligned}$$ where the constants $N_1$,…,$N_{10}$ are determined from the normalization condition. As seen from (\[My f\]) our fields are either primaries, quasi primaries or their derivatives. As we saw in section \[adjustment\], to calculate the matrix of anomalous dimensions we need all three point functions of the form $\langle \Phi_i
\Phi_j \Phi \rangle|_{g=0}$. It is sufficient to calculate three point correlation functions of the primary and quasi primary fields, since we can always take out the derivatives from the correlation functions. The basic correlation functions that should be calculated are of the form $\langle L_{-2}\varphi_1\varphi_2
\varphi_3\rangle$ and $\langle L_{-2}\varphi_1
L_{-2}\varphi_2\varphi_3\rangle$ where $\varphi_1,\varphi_2,\varphi_3$ are primary fields. All three point functions of our interest can be easily derived from the correlators of this kind simply taking derivatives and using the holomorphic anti-holomorphic factorization property. Our problem boils down to the calculation of the correlation functions $\langle T\varphi_1\varphi_2\varphi_3\rangle$ and $\langle TT\varphi_1\varphi_2\varphi_3\rangle$ where T is the Energy-Momentum tensor. Such correlators can be computed using conformal Ward identities [@BPZ:1984]. The results are $$\begin{aligned}
\label{Tfff}
\langle T(\xi)\varphi_1\varphi_2\varphi_3\rangle=\sum_{i=1}^3
(\frac{\Delta_i}{(\xi-x_i)^2} + \frac{1}{\xi-x_i})\frac{\partial}
{\partial x_i}\langle\varphi_1(x_1)\varphi_2(x_2)
\varphi_3(x_3)\rangle\end{aligned}$$ and $$\begin{aligned}
\label{TTfff}
&&\langle T(\xi_1)T(\xi_2)\varphi_1\varphi_2\varphi_3\rangle=
\frac{c}{2(\xi_{1}-\xi_2)^4}\langle\varphi_1(x_1)
\varphi_2(x_2)\varphi_3(x_3)\rangle\\
&&+\left(\frac{2}{(\xi_1-\xi_2)^2}+\frac{1}{\xi_1-\xi_2}\frac{\partial}{\partial \xi_2}+\sum_{i=1}^3(\frac{\Delta_i}{(\xi_1-x_i)^2}
+ \frac{1}{\xi_1-x_i}\frac{\partial}{\partial x_i})\right)
\langle T(\xi_2)\varphi_1(x_1)\varphi_2(x_2)
\varphi_3(x_3)\rangle \nonumber\end{aligned}$$ where $c$ is the Virasoro central charge. Taking into account that $$\begin{aligned}
\label{Vir L}
L_n=\oint \frac{d\xi}{2\pi i} \xi^{n+1}T(\xi)\end{aligned}$$ we get $$\begin{aligned}
\label{Lfff}
\langle L_{-2}\varphi_1\varphi_2\varphi_3\rangle
=\oint_{\mathit{c}(x_1)}\frac{d\xi}{2\pi i}\frac{1}{\xi-x_1}
\langle T(\xi)\varphi_1\varphi_2\varphi_3\rangle\end{aligned}$$ and $$\begin{aligned}
\label{LfLff}
\langle L_{-2}\varphi_1L_{-2}\varphi_2\varphi_3\rangle
=\oint_{\mathit{c}(x_1)}\frac{d\xi_1}{2\pi i}\oint_{\mathit{c}(x_2)}\frac{d\xi_2}{2\pi i}\frac{1}{\xi_1-x_1}\frac{1}{\xi_2-x_2}
\langle T(\xi_1)T(\xi_2)\varphi_1\varphi_2\varphi_3\rangle\end{aligned}$$ where $\mathit{c}(x_{1})$, $\mathit{c}(x_{2})$ are small contours surrounding respectively the points $x_1$ and $x_2$ in anti-clockwise direction. Using (\[My L\]), (\[Tfff\]), (\[TTfff\]), (\[Lfff\]) and (\[LfLff\]) we obtain that $$\begin{aligned}
\label{mLfff}
&&\langle \mathcal{L}_{2}\varphi_1(x_1,\bar{x}_1)
\varphi_2(x_2,\bar{x}_2)\varphi_3(x_3,\bar{x}_3) \rangle= \\
&&-\frac{1}{3} C_{123}\left(x_1-x_2\right)
{}^{-2-\Delta _1-\Delta _2+
\Delta _3} \left(x_1-x_3\right){}^{-2-\Delta _1+
\Delta _2-\Delta _3} \left(x_2-x_3\right){}^{2+\Delta _1-
\Delta _2-\Delta _3}\nonumber\\
%%%
&&\left(\bar{x}_1-\bar{x}_2\right){}^{-\Delta _1-\Delta _2+
\Delta _3} \left(\bar{x}_1-\bar{x}_3\right){}^{-\Delta _1+
\Delta _2-\Delta _3} \left(\bar{x}_2-\bar{x}_3\right){}^{\Delta _1-
\Delta _2-\Delta _3}\nonumber\\
%%%
&&\left(-\Delta _1+
\Delta _2+\Delta _3+2 \Delta _1 \Delta _2+2
\Delta _1 \Delta _3+6 \Delta _2 \Delta _3+\Delta _1^2-3 \Delta _2^2-3 \Delta _3^2\right)\nonumber\end{aligned}$$ and $$\begin{aligned}
\label{mLfmLff}
&&\langle \mathcal{L}_{2}\varphi_1(x_1,\bar{x}_1)
\mathcal{L}_{2}\varphi_2(x_2,\bar{x}_2)
\varphi_3(x_3,\bar{x}_3) \rangle=\\
&&-\frac{1}{9}C_{123} \left(x_1-x_2\right)
{}^{-4-\Delta _1-\Delta _2+\Delta _3}
\left(x_1-x_3\right){}^{-\Delta _1+\Delta _2-\Delta _3}
\left(x_2-x_3\right){}^{\Delta _1
-\Delta _2-\Delta _3}\nonumber\\
%%%
&&\left(\bar{x}_1-\bar{x}_2\right){}^{-\Delta _1-\Delta _2+\Delta _3}
\left(\bar{x}_1-\bar{x}_3\right){}^{-\Delta _1+\Delta _2-\Delta _3}
\left(\bar{x}_2-\bar{x}_3\right)
{}^{\Delta _1-\Delta _2-\Delta _3}\nonumber\\
%%%
&&\left(
-2c+10 \Delta _1+10 \Delta _2+10 \Delta _3-4 c \Delta _1-4 c \Delta _2
-8c \Delta _1 \Delta _2+74 \Delta _1 \Delta _2
+44 \Delta _1 \Delta _3\right.\nonumber\\
&&+44\Delta _2 \Delta _3-33 \Delta _1^2 -33\Delta _2^2-43 \Delta _3^2
+28\Delta _1 \Delta _2 \Delta _3-40 \Delta _1 \Delta _2^2-40 \Delta _1^2 \Delta _2
+18\Delta _1^2 \Delta _3\nonumber\\
&&+18\Delta _2^2 \Delta _3-68\Delta _1 \Delta _3^2
-68\Delta _2 \Delta _3^2+8 \Delta _1^3+8 \Delta _2^3+42 \Delta _3^3
-28\Delta _1 \Delta _2 \Delta _3^2-14 \Delta _1^2\Delta _2^2\nonumber\\
&&\left.-18\Delta _1^2 \Delta _3^2-18 \Delta _2^2 \Delta _3^2
+24\Delta _1\Delta _3^3+24 \Delta _2 \Delta _3^3+4 \Delta _1 \Delta _2^3
+4 \Delta _1^3 \Delta _2+3\Delta _1^4+3\Delta _2^4-9 \Delta _3^4\right)\nonumber\end{aligned}$$ where $C_{123}$ is the structure constant related to the three-point function\
$\langle\varphi_1(x_1,\bar{x}_1)
\varphi_2(x_2,\bar{x}_2)
\varphi_3(x_3,\bar{x}_3)\rangle$. Integrals over three point functions can be calculated using the formula $$\begin{aligned}
\label{Tool 1}
\int d^2y\, y^{\alpha_1-1} \bar{y}^{\alpha_2-1}
(1-y)^{\beta_1-1}(1-\bar{y})^{\beta_2-1}
=\pi\frac{\Gamma(\alpha_1)\Gamma(\beta_1)
\Gamma(1-\alpha_2 -\beta_2)}{\Gamma(1-\alpha_2)\Gamma(1-\beta_2)
\Gamma(\alpha_1 +\beta_1)}\end{aligned}$$ where the numbers $\alpha_1-\alpha_2$ and $\beta_1-\beta_2$ are supposed to be integers. Then we calculate the constants $\tilde{C}_{ijk}$ following the line described in section \[adjustment\].
Calculation of the matrix of anomalous dimensions {#anomdim}
=================================================
First let us recall that our expression (\[My gamma\]) is derived with the assumption that the fields satisfy the normalization condition (\[norm\]). Orthogonality of the fields (\[My f\]) follows from the fact that they are primaries, quasi primaries or their derivatives. The normalization of the quasi primary fields can be easily fixed through the replacement $\Delta_1=\Delta_2,
\Delta_3=0$ in (\[mLfmLff\]) which reduces the three point functions to two point ones. For the normalization constants $N_i$ we get the following values $$\begin{aligned}
\label{N}
N_1 &=&N_{10}=1 \nonumber\\
N_2 &=&4 \Delta _{(n,n+1)}^2 \left(2 \Delta _{(n,n+1)}
+1\right){}^2 \left(2 \Delta _{(n,n+1)}
+2\right){}^2 \left(2 \Delta _{(n,n+1)}+3\right){}^2\nonumber\\
N_3 &=&N_4=\frac{4}{9} \Delta _{(n,n+1)}
\left(2 \Delta _{(n,n+1)}+1\right){}^2 \left(2
\Delta _{(n,n+1)}+2\right) \left(2 \Delta _{(n,n+1)}
+3\right)\nonumber\\
&\times&\left(2 c \Delta _{(n,n+1)}+16
\Delta _{(n,n+1)}^2-10 \Delta _{(n,n+1)}+c\right)\nonumber\\
N_5 &=&\frac{4}{81} \left(2 \Delta _{(n,n+1)}
+1\right){}^2 \left(2 c \Delta _{(n,n+1)}
+16 \Delta _{(n,n+1)}^2-10 \Delta _{(n,n+1)}
+c\right){}^2\nonumber\\
N_6 &=&4 \Delta _{(n,n-1)}^2 \left(2 \Delta _{(n,n-1)}
+1\right){}^2 \left(2 \Delta _{(n,n-1)}
+2\right){}^2 \left(2 \Delta _{(n,n-1)}+3\right){}^2\nonumber\\
N_7 &=&N_8=\frac{4}{9} \Delta _{(n,n-1)}
\left(2 \Delta _{(n,n-1)}+1\right)
{}^2 \left(2 \Delta _{(n,n-1)}+2\right)
\left(2 \Delta _{(n,n-1)}+3\right)\nonumber\\
&\times&\left(2 c \Delta _{(n,n-1)}+16
\Delta _{(n,n-1)}^2-10 \Delta _{(n,n-1)}+c\right)\nonumber\\
N_9 &=&\frac{4}{81} \left(2 \Delta _{(n,n-1)}
+1\right){}^2 \left(2 c \Delta _{(n,n-1)}
+16 \Delta _{(n,n-1)}^2-10 \Delta _{(n,n-1)}+c\right){}^2\end{aligned}$$ where the central charge $c$ and the dimensions $\Delta _{(n,m)}$ are given by (\[Ccharge\]) and (\[Kac\_spectrum\]). Now we have all necessary ingredients to start the calculation of the matrix of anomalous dimensions given by the expression (\[My gamma\]). Remind that ${\cal M}_{p,p-1}$ has only one coupling constant denoted as $g$. The perturbing field we simply denote by $\varphi_{13}\equiv \Phi$ and its dimension as $\Delta_{(1,3)}\equiv \Delta$. Accordingly we will suppress the index $k$ in quantities $\tilde{C}_{ijk}$ and $I_{ijk}$. Specializing the discussion of the section \[adjustment\] into our case we see that the constants $\tilde{C}_{ij}$ should be derived from the equality $$\begin{aligned}
\label{My I2}
\int\mathrm{d^2}y\langle\Phi_i(x)
\Phi_j(0)\Phi(y)\rangle|_{g=0}
=(x^2)^{1-\Delta_i-\Delta_j-\Delta}
\tilde{C}_{ij}I_{ij}\end{aligned}$$ where $I_{ij}$ is given by the eq. (\[Iijk\]) with $\Delta_k$ replaced by $\Delta$.
As an example let us demonstrate the calculation of $\tilde{C}_{47}$. We need the correlation function $$\begin{aligned}
&&\langle
\mathcal{L}_2\bar{\mathcal{L}}_1
\varphi_{n,n+1}(x_1,\bar{x}_1)
\mathcal{L}_1\bar{\mathcal{L}}_2
\varphi_{n,n-1}(x_2,\bar{x}_2)
\varphi_{1,3}(y,\bar{y})\rangle\nonumber\\
&&=\frac{\partial^2}{\partial\bar{x_1}^2}
\frac{\partial^2}{\partial {x_2}^2}
\langle\mathcal{L}_2
\varphi_{n,n+1}(x_1,\bar{x}_1)
\bar{\mathcal{L}}_2
\varphi_{n,n-1}(x_2,\bar{x}_2)
\varphi_{1,3}(y,\bar{y})\rangle\end{aligned}$$ Using the factorization property and the eq. (\[mLfff\]) we get $$\begin{aligned}
&&\langle\mathcal{L}_2
\varphi_{n,n+1}(x_1,\bar{x}_1)
\bar{\mathcal{L}}_2
\varphi_{n,n-1}(x_2,\bar{x}_2)
\varphi_{1,3}(y,\bar{y})\rangle\nonumber\\
&&=a_1 a_2
C_{(n,n+1)(n,n-1)(1,3)}
x_{12}^{\Delta_{(1,3)}-\Delta_{(n,n-1)}-\Delta_{(n,n+1)}-2}
\bar{x}_{12}^{\Delta_{(1,3)}-\Delta_{(n,n-1)}
-2-\Delta_{(n,n+1)}}\nonumber\\
&&\times (x_1-y)^{\Delta_{(n,n-1)}
-\Delta_{(n,n+1)}-2-\Delta_{(1,3)}}
(x_2-y)^{\Delta_{(n,n+1)}+2
-\Delta_{(n,n-1)}-\Delta_{(1,3)}}
\nonumber\\
&&\times (\bar{x_1}-\bar{y})^{\Delta_{(n,n-1)}+2
-\Delta_{(n,n+1)}-\Delta_{(1,3)}}
(\bar{x_2}-\bar{y})^{\Delta_{(n,n+1)}
-\Delta_{(n,n-1)}-2-\Delta_{(1,3)}}\end{aligned}$$ where $$\begin{aligned}
\label{a1a2}
&&a_{1,2}=-\frac{1}{3}\left( -\Delta_{(n,n\pm1)}
+ \Delta^{2}_{(n,n\pm1)} + \Delta_{(n,n\mp1)}
+ 2 \Delta_{(n,n\pm1)}\Delta_{(n,n\mp1)}\right.\nonumber \\
&&\qquad\qquad -\left. 3\Delta^{2}_{(n,n\mp1)} + \Delta_{(1,3)}
+2\Delta_{(n,n\pm1)}\Delta_{(1,3)}
+6\Delta_{(n,n\mp1)}\Delta_{(1,3)} -
3\Delta^{2}_{(1,3)}\right)\end{aligned}$$ while the structure constant (see(\[StrConstGen\])) $$\begin{aligned}
\label{Cn}
C_{(n,n+1)(n,n-1)(1,3)} = \frac{(n^2-1)^{1/2}}{\sqrt{3}n} + O(\epsilon)\end{aligned}$$ Performing the integration over $y$ with the help of the eq. (\[Tool 1\]) we finally get $$\begin{aligned}
\label{C47}
&&\tilde{C}_{47}=
N_4^{-\frac{1}{2}}
N_7^{-\frac{1}{2}}
a_1 a_2
C_{(n,n+1)(n,n-1)(1,3)}
\nonumber \\
&&\times(-\Delta_{(1,3)}-\Delta_{(n,n-1)}-\Delta_{(n,n+1)}-1)^2
(-\Delta_{(1,3)}-\Delta_{(n,n-1)}-\Delta_{(n,n+1)}-2)^2
\nonumber\\
&&\times\frac{(-t)(-t-1)(s)(s+1)}{(t-1)(t-2)(2-s)(1-s)}\end{aligned}$$ where $$\begin{aligned}
s = \Delta_{(n,n+1)} - \Delta_{(n,n-1)} -\Delta_{(1,3)} +1
\nonumber \\
t = \Delta_{(n,n-1)} - \Delta_{(n,n+1)} -\Delta_{(1,3)} +1\end{aligned}$$ It remains to insert the values of the quantities $N_4$, $N_7$, $C_{(n,n+1)(n,n-1)(1,3)}$, $a_1,a_2$, $s$, $t$ and the respective dimensions. So we get $$\begin{aligned}
\label{C470f}
\tilde{C}_{47} = \frac{35 \left(n^2-4\right)^{3/2} \epsilon ^2}{144 \sqrt{3} n}+O(\epsilon^3)\end{aligned}$$ It is obvious from (\[My gamma\]) that only the terms of order $O(\epsilon^0)$ in $\tilde{C}_{ijk}$ should be kept to get the matrix element $\gamma^i_j$ with the required accuracy. Hence for $\gamma_{4,7}$ we put zero.
In a similar manner one can calculate all other matrix elements. Here are the nonzero matrix elements $\gamma_{ij}$ with index $i\leq j$ (remind that this matrix is symmetric) $$\begin{aligned}
\label{g}
\begin{array}{ll}
\gamma_{1,1}=\frac{9}{4}+\left(-\frac{9}{8}
-\frac{3 n}{4}\right) \epsilon +
2\pi g \frac{3 \sqrt{3} (4+n)}{2 (2+n)};&\quad
\gamma_{1,5}=2\pi g \frac{\sqrt{3} (n-1)
}{n+2}\sqrt{\frac{n+3}{n+1}};\\
\gamma_{2,2}=\frac{9}{4}+\left(-\frac{1}{8}
-\frac{n}{4}\right) \epsilon
+ 2\pi g\frac{(2+n)}{2 \sqrt{3} n};&\quad
\gamma_{2,6}= 2\pi g\frac{\sqrt{-1+n^2}}{\sqrt{3} n};\\
\gamma_{3,3}=\frac{9}{4}+\left(-\frac{1}{8}
-\frac{n}{4}\right) \epsilon
+ 2\pi g\frac{(8+n)}{2 \sqrt{3} n};&\quad
\gamma_{3,7}= 2\pi g\frac{2 \sqrt{-4+n^2}}{\sqrt{3} n};\\
\gamma_{4,4}=\frac{9}{4}+\left(-\frac{1}{8}
-\frac{n}{4}\right) \epsilon
+ 2\pi g\frac{(8+n)}{2 \sqrt{3} n};&\quad
\gamma_{4,8}= 2\pi g\frac{2 \sqrt{-4+n^2}}{\sqrt{3} n};\\
\gamma_{5,5}=\frac{9}{4}+\left(-\frac{1}{8}
-\frac{n}{4}\right) \epsilon
+ 2\pi g\frac{(8+n)^2 }{2 \sqrt{3} n (2+n)};&\quad
\gamma_{5,9}= 2\pi g\frac{4 \left(-4+n^2\right)}
{\sqrt{3} n \sqrt{-1+n^2}};\\
\gamma_{6,6}=\frac{9}{4}+\left(-\frac{1}{8}
+\frac{n}{4}\right) \epsilon
+ 2\pi g\frac{(-2+n) }{2 \sqrt{3} n};&\quad
\gamma_{7,7}=\frac{9}{4}+\left(-\frac{1}{8}
+\frac{n}{4}\right) \epsilon
+ 2\pi g\frac{(-8+n)}{2 \sqrt{3} n};\\
\gamma_{8,8}=\frac{9}{4}+\left(-\frac{1}{8}
+\frac{n}{4}\right) \epsilon
+ 2\pi g\frac{(-8+n)}{2 \sqrt{3} n};&\quad
\gamma_{9,9}=\frac{9}{4}+\left(-\frac{1}{8}
+\frac{n}{4}\right) \epsilon +
2\pi g\frac{(-8+n)^2 }{2 \sqrt{3} (-2+n) n};\\
\gamma_{9,10}= 2\pi g\frac{\sqrt{3} (n+1)
}{n-2}\sqrt{\frac{n-3}{n-1}};&\quad
\gamma_{10,10}=\frac{9}{4}+\left(-\frac{9}{8}
+\frac{3 n}{4}\right) \epsilon
+ 2\pi g\frac{3 \sqrt{3} (-4+n)}{2 (-2+n)}
\end{array}\end{aligned}$$ At the point $g=g_*$ (see eq. (\[2nd point\])) where the conformal invariance is recovered the eigenvalues of this matrix are $$\begin{aligned}
\label{ei.v.}
&&{\tilde \Delta}_1=\frac{9}{4}+\left(\frac{9}{8}+
\frac{3 n}{4}\right)\epsilon\nonumber\\
&&{\tilde \Delta}_2={\tilde \Delta}_3={\tilde \Delta}_4=
{\tilde \Delta}_5=\frac{9}{4}+\left(\frac{1}{8}+\frac{n}{4}\right) \epsilon\nonumber\\
&&{\tilde \Delta}_6={\tilde \Delta}_7={\tilde \Delta}_8=
{\tilde \Delta}_9=\frac{9}{4}+\left(\frac{1}{8}
-\frac{n}{4}\right) \epsilon\nonumber\\
&&{\tilde \Delta}_{10}=\frac{9}{4}+\left(\frac{9}{8}-
\frac{3 n}{4}\right)\epsilon\end{aligned}$$ It is not difficult to see that the first eigenvalue corresponds to $\varphi^{(p-1)}_{(n+3,n)}$, next four eigenvalues correspond to the descendants $\mathcal{L}_a \bar{\mathcal{L}}_b \varphi^{(p-1)}_{(n+1,n)}$, further come the four descendants $\mathcal{L}_a \bar{\mathcal{L}}_b \varphi^{(p-1)}_{(n-1,n)}$ and the last eigenvalue corresponds to $\varphi^{(p-1)}_{(n-3,n)}$. Since the first and the last eigenvalues are non-degenerated, the corresponding eigenvectors are fixed uniquely (we assume standard unite normalization) $$\begin{aligned}
\label{UVIRmap}
\varphi^{(p-1)}_{(n+3,n)}(x)&=&\frac{6}{n (n+1) (n+2)}
\Phi_{1}(x,g_*)+\frac{6 \sqrt{\frac{n+3}{n+1}}}{n (n+2)}
\Phi_{5}(x,g_*)
\nonumber\\
&+&
\frac{3 \sqrt{(n+3) (n-1)}}{n (n+1)}\Phi_{9}(x,g_*)+
\frac{\sqrt{n^2-9}}{n} \Phi_{10}(x,g_*)\nonumber\\
\varphi^{(p-1)}_{(n-3,n)}(x)&=&\frac{\sqrt{n^2-9}}{n}
\Phi_{1}(x,g_*)-\frac{3 \sqrt{(n-3) (n+1)}}{(n-1)n}
\Phi_{5}(x,g_*)
\nonumber\\
&+&
\frac{6 \sqrt{\frac{n-3}{n-1}}}{(n-2)n}\Phi_{9}(x,g_*)-
\frac{6}{n(n-1)(n-2)}\Phi_{10}(x,g_*)\end{aligned}$$
Comparison with RG domain wall approach {#Comparison}
=======================================
Denote our $10$ properly normalized fields of the ultraviolet theory as $\Phi_\alpha(x,0)\equiv \varphi_\alpha(x)$. Then the one-point functions of the product theory with Gaiotto’s boundary condition are of the form $$\begin{aligned}
\label{RG}
\langle \varphi^{(p-1)}_{n\pm 3,n} \varphi_\alpha| RG \rangle
= M^{(\pm)}_\alpha\frac{\sqrt{S^{(p-3)}_{1,n\pm 3}
S^{(p-1)}_{1,n_\alpha}}}{S^{(p-2)}_{1,n}}\end{aligned}$$ where $$\begin{aligned}
n_1=n+3;\quad n_2=n_3=n_4=n_5=n+1;\quad n_6=n_7=n_8=n_9=n-1;
\quad n_{10}=n-3\end{aligned}$$ The modular matrix of the $SU(2)_k$ WZW model is given by $$\begin{aligned}
S^{(k)}_{m,n}=\sqrt{\frac{2}{k+2}} \sin
\left(\frac{\pi nm}{k+2}\right)\end{aligned}$$ and the coefficients $M^{(\pm)}_\alpha$ have been computed following the algorithm described in [@Gaiotto:2012RGDW]. The computation is rather lengthy, e.g. to calculate the coefficient $M_1$ one should consider $42$ dimensional space of level $9/2$ fields in the theory ${\cal SM}_{k+1}
\times {\cal M}_{3}$ (${\cal SM}_{k+1}$ is the $N=1$ super-conformal series [@Eich:1985SCFT; @BKT:1985SCFT; @FQS:1985SCFT; @ZP:1988SCFT], $k\equiv p-2$, ${\cal M}_{3}$ is the Ising model). Here we present only the final results, leaving details of computations for a later publication. $$\begin{aligned}
\begin{array}{l}
M^{(+)}_1=\left(35 \left(2 k^2+8 k+3\right) n^4+5 \left(52 k^2
+208 k+159\right) n^3\right.\\
\qquad +\left(-71 k^4-568 k^3-1299 k^2
-652 k+270\right) n^2\\
\qquad +\left(-133 k^4-1064 k^3-2907 k^2
-3116 k-1080\right) n\\
\left.\qquad +6 k (k+1) (k+3) (k+4)
(2 k+3) (2 k+5)-15 n^6-75 n^5\right)\\
\qquad \times \frac{1}{(n+1) (n+2) (n+3) (k-n) (k-n+1)
(2 k-n+3) (k+n+3) (k+n+4) (2 k+n+5)}\\
\vspace{0.1cm}\\
M^{(+)}_2=\left(\left(-6 k^2-28 k-33\right) n^5
-(k+4) \left(10 k^2+40 k+39\right) n^4\right.\\
\qquad -2 (k+3) \left(3 k^3+20 k^2+44 k+35\right) n^3
-2 \left(7 k^5+83 k^4+400 k^3+978 k^2+1206 k+588\right) n^2\\
\qquad -(k+3) \left(12 k^5+166 k^4
+863 k^3+2135 k^2+2493 k+1095\right) n\\
\qquad \left. -3 (k+1) (k+3)^2 (k+4) (2 k+3) (3 k+5)\right)\\
\qquad\times \frac{1}{(k+2)^2 (n+1) (k-n+1)
(k+n+3) (k+n+4) (2 k+n+5) \left(3 k^2-2 k
(n-7)+(n-4) n+15\right)}\\
\vspace{0.1cm}\\
M^{(+)}_3=M^{(+)}_4=\frac{\sqrt{2} \left(\frac{k+3}{k+2}\right)^{3/2}
(n-1) (k-n+3) (2 k-n+6) (3 k+n+5) }{(n+1)
\sqrt{(n-1) (n+2) (k-n+1) (k-n+3) (2 k-n+3)
(2 k-n+6)}}\\
\qquad\qquad\times\frac{\left(4 k^3+k^2(5 n+26)+k (17 n+46)-(n-3)
(n+2) (n+4)\right)}{(k+n+3) (k+n+4) (2 k+n+5)
\left(3 k^2-2 k (n-7)+(n-4) n+15\right)}\\
\vspace{0.1cm}\\
M^{(+)}_5=\left(2 (k+3)^2 (k+4) (2 k+3) (3 k+5)
\left(6 k^2+27 k+26\right)\right.\\
\qquad+(k+3) \left(96 k^5+1077 k^4+4708 k^3+9995
k^2+10220 k+3996\right) n\\
\qquad+\left(-51 k^5-665 k^4-3338 k^3-8123 k^2-9653 k-4542\right) n^2\\
\qquad+\left(26 k^3+183 k^2+410 k+312\right) n^4+
\left(-60 k^4-525 k^3-1699 k^2-2406 k-1254\right) n^3\\
\qquad\left.+2 \left(2 k^2+2 k-3\right) n^5+(-7 k-18) n^6\right)\\
\qquad\times \frac{1}{(k+2) (n+1) (n+2) (2 k-n+3)(k+n+3) (k+n+4)
(2 k+n+5) \left(3 k^2-2 k
(n-7)+(n-4) n+15\right)}\\
\vspace{0.1cm}\\
M^{(+)}_6=\frac{(k+3) \left(k \left(4 k^2-2 k-59\right)
-73\right) n+(2 k (k+4)+7) n^3
+(k (6 k (k+5)+37)+1) n^2-3 (k+3)^2 (2 k+3)
(3 k+5)}{(k+2)^2 (k+n+3) (2 k+n+5)
\left(3 k^2+2 k (n+7)+n (n+4)+15\right)}\\
\vspace{0.1cm}\\
M^{(+)}_7=M^{(+)}_8=\frac{\sqrt{2} \left(\frac{k+3}{k+2}\right)^{3/2}
\sqrt{(n-2) (n+1) (k+n+1) (k+n+3) (2 k+n+3)
(2 k+n+6)} (3 k+n+5)}{(n+1) (k+n+3) (2 k+n+5)
\left(3 k^2+2 k (n+7)+n (n+4)+15\right)}\\
\vspace{0.1cm}\\
M^{(+)}_9=\frac{18 k^4+3 k^3 (7 n+55)+2 k^2
(4 n (n+19)+273)+k (n (n (n+41)+353)+769)
+2 (n (n (n+26)+130)+195)}{(k+2) (n+1) (2 k+n+5)
\left(3 k^2+2 k (n+7)+n (n+4)+15\right)}\nonumber\\
\vspace{0.1cm}\nonumber\\
M^{(+)}_{10}=1
\end{array}\\\end{aligned}$$ The coefficients $M^{(-)}_\alpha$ can be obtained from $M^{(+)}_\alpha$ by replacing $n\leftrightarrow -n$. Taking the limit $k\rightarrow \infty $ we find $$\begin{aligned}
&&M^{(\pm)}_1=\pm\frac{1}{(n\pm1)(n\pm2)(n\pm3)}+O\left(1/k\right)\nonumber\\
&&M^{(\pm)}_5=\frac{6}{(n\pm1)(n\pm2)}+O\left(1/k^2\right)\nonumber\\
&&M^{(\pm)}_9=\mp\frac{3}{(n\mp1)}+O\left(1/k^2\right)\nonumber\\
&&M^{(\pm)}_{10}=1\end{aligned}$$ and the remaining coefficients are of order $O(1/k)$ or higher. Inserting these values in (\[RG\]) we get a complete agreement with (\[UVIRmap\]).
Acknowledgement {#acknowledgement .unnumbered}
================
We thank Rubik Poghossian for introducing us to the subject.
Minimal models of the 2d CFT
============================
Here we present several formulae concerning the unitary minimal series of 2d CFT ${\cal M}_p$. The central charge is given by $$\begin{aligned}
\label{Ccharge}
c=1-\frac{6}{p(p+1)}\end{aligned}$$ The primary fields are denoted by $\varphi_{n,m}$, $n=1,2,\ldots ,p-1$, $m=1,2,\ldots ,p$ and the corresponding dimensions are [@Kac] $$\begin{aligned}
\label{Kac_spectrum}
\Delta_{(n,m)}=\frac{(n-m)^2}{4}+\frac{n^2-1}{4p}-
\frac{m^2-1}{4(p+1)}\end{aligned}$$ Notice also that the identification $\varphi_{n,m}\equiv
\varphi_{p-n,p+1-m}$ holds. The structure constants of the operator algebra have been computed in [@DF:1985SC]. Here we present a little bit simpler expression borrowed from [@Pog:1989SC] $$\begin{aligned}
\label{StrConstGen}
&&C_{(n_1,m_1)(n_2,m_2)(n_3,m_3)}=\rho^{4st+2t-2s-1}\nonumber\\
&&\times \sqrt{\frac{\gamma(\rho-1) \gamma(m_1-n_1\rho^{-1})
\gamma(m_2-n_2\rho^{-1})\gamma(-m_3+n_3\rho^{-1})}
{\gamma(1-\rho^{-1}) \gamma(-n_1+m_1\rho)
\gamma(-n_2+m_2\rho)\gamma(n_3-m_3\rho)}}\nonumber\\
&&\times\prod_{i=1}^s\prod_{j=1}^t\left((i-j\rho)
(i+n_3-(j+m_3)\rho)(i-n_1-(j-m_1)\rho)
(i-n_2-(j-m_2)\rho)\right)^{-2}\nonumber\\
&&\times\prod_{i=1}^s\gamma(i\rho^{-1})\gamma(-m_3+(i+n_3)\rho^{-1})
\gamma(m_1+(i-n_1)\rho^{-1})\gamma(m_2+(i-n_2)\rho^{-1})\nonumber\\
&&\times\prod_{j=1}^t\gamma(j\rho)\gamma(-n_3+(j+m_3)\rho)
\gamma(n_1+(j-m_1)\rho)\gamma(n_2+(j-m_2)\rho)\end{aligned}$$ where $$\begin{aligned}
\rho=\frac{p}{p+1};
\quad \gamma(x)\equiv\frac{\Gamma(x)}{\Gamma(1-x)};\quad
s=\frac{n_1+n_2-n_3-1}{2}; \qquad t=\frac{m_1+m_2-m_3-1}{2}\nonumber\end{aligned}$$
[99]{}
A. Zamolodchikov, [*[Renormalization Group and Perturbation Theory Near Fixed Points in Two-Dimensional Field Theory]{}*]{}, [*Sov.J.Nucl.Phys.*]{} [**46**]{} (1987) 1090.
A. Belavin, A. Polyakov and A. Zamolodchikov, [*[Infinite conformal symmetry in two-dimensional quantum field theory ]{}*]{}, [*Nucl.Phys.*]{} [**B241**]{} (1984). 333–380.
D. Friedan, Z. Qiu and S. Shenker, [*[ Conformal Invariance, Unitarity, and Critical Exponents in Two Dimensions ]{}*]{}, [*Phys.Rev.Lett.*]{} [**v. 52**]{} (1984) 1575–1578.
A. Zamolodchikov, [*[Higher Order Integrals of Motion in Two-Dimensional Models of the Field Theory with a Broken Conformal Symmetry]{}*]{}, [*JETP Lett.*]{} [**46**]{} (1987) 160-164.
R. Poghossian, [*[Two Dimensional Renormalization Group Flows in Next to Leading Order]{}*]{}, \[[[arXiv:1303.3015 \[hep-th\]]{}](http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/1303.3015)\].
R. Poghossian, [*[Study of the Vicinities of Superconformal Fixed Points in Two-dimensional Field Theory]{}*]{}, [*Sov.J.Nucl.Phys.* ]{} [**48**]{}(1988) 763.
S. Fredenhagen, T. Quella, [*[Generalised permutation branes]{}*]{}, [*JHEP*]{} [**0511**]{} (2005) 004, \[[[arXiv:hep-th/0509153 ]{}](http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/hep-th/0509153)\].
I. Brunner, D. Roggenkamp, [*[Defects and bulk perturbations of boundary Landau-Ginzburg orbifolds]{}*]{}, [*JHEP*]{} [**0804**]{} (2008) 001, \[[[arXiv:0712.0188 \[hep-th\]]{}](http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/0712.0188)\].
D. Gaiotto, [*[Domain Walls for Two-Dimensional Renormalization Group Flows]{}*]{}, \[[[arXiv:1201.0767 \[hep-th\]]{}](http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/1201.0767)\].
H. Eichenherr, [*[Minimal operator algebras in superconformal quantum field theory ]{}*]{} [*[Phys.Lett.]{}*]{} [**B151**]{} (1985) 26–30,
M. Bershadski, V. Knizhnik, M. Teitelman, [*[Superconformal symmetry in two dimensions ]{}*]{} [*[Phys.Lett.]{}*]{} [**B151**]{} (1985) 31–36,
D. Friedan, Z. Qiu, S. Shenker, [*[Superconformal invariance in two dimensions and the tricritical Ising model]{}*]{} [*[Phys.Lett.]{}*]{} [**B151**]{} (1985) 37–43,
A. Zamolodchikov, R. Poghossian,[*[Operator algebra in two-dimensional superconformal field theory]{}*]{} [*[Sov.J.Nucl.Phys.]{}*]{} [**47**]{} (1988) 929–936,
V. G. Kac, [*[Highest weight representations of infinite dimensional Lie algebras]{}*]{}, Proc. Internat. Congress Mathematicians (Helsinki, 1978).
Vl. Dotsenko, V. Fateev, [*[Operator algebra of two-dimensional conformal theories with central charge $C\le 1$ ]{}*]{}, [*Phys.Lett.*]{} [**B154**]{} (1985) 291–295.
R. Poghossian, [*[Fields with spin in the minimal models $M(p)$ ($c<1$) of two-dimensional conformal field theory]{}*]{}, [*preprint*]{} YERPHI-1198-75-89. \[[[KEK library link]{}](http://ccdb5fs.kek.jp/cgi-bin/img_index?199008434)\]
[^1]: Another remarkable aspect of the $\varphi_{1,3}$ perturbation, namely its integrability [@Zamolodchikov:1987IP], will not be discussed in this paper.
|
#?ini charset="utf-8"?
[RegionalSettings]
Country=Czech Republic
LanguageName=Čeština
InternationalLanguageName=Czech
[Charset]
# The preferred charset
Preferred=utf-8
Allowed[]=iso-8859-2
Allowed[]=windows-1250
Allowed[]=utf-8
[HTTP]
ContentLanguage=cs-CZ
[Currency]
Symbol=Kč
Name=Koruna česká
ShortName=Kč
DecimalSymbol=,
ThousandsSeparator=
FractDigits=2
PositiveSymbol=
NegativeSymbol=-
PositiveFormat=%p%q %c
NegativeFormat=%p%q %c
[Numbers]
DecimalSymbol=,
ThousandsSeparator=
FractDigits=2
PositiveSymbol=
NegativeSymbol=-
[DateTime]
TimeFormat=%H:%i:%s
ShortTimeFormat=%H:%i
DateFormat=%d. %F %Y
ShortDateFormat=%d.%m.%Y
DateTimeFormat=%d. %F %Y %H:%i:%s
ShortDateTimeFormat=%d.%m.%Y %H:%i
MondayFirst=yes
[ShortMonthNames]
jan=led
feb=úno
mar=bře
apr=dub
may=kvě
jun=čvn
jul=čec
aug=srp
sep=zář
oct=říj
nov=lis
dec=pro
[LongMonthNames]
jan=leden
feb=únor
mar=březen
apr=duben
may=květen
jun=červen
jul=červenec
aug=srpen
sep=září
oct=říjen
nov=listopad
dec=prosinec
[ShortDayNames]
mon=po
tue=út
wed=st
thu=čt
fri=pá
sat=so
sun=ne
[LongDayNames]
mon=pondělí
tue=úterý
wed=středa
thu=čtvrtek
fri=pátek
sat=sobota
sun=neděle
# Country Names
# Names taken via GeoNames WebService
# http://ws.geonames.org/countryInfo?lang=cs
[CountryNames]
Countries[AD]=Andorra
Countries[AE]=Spojené arabské emiráty
Countries[AF]=Afghánistán
Countries[AG]=Antigua a Barbuda
Countries[AI]=Anguilla
Countries[AL]=Albánie
Countries[AM]=Arménie
Countries[AO]=Angola
Countries[AQ]=Antarktida
Countries[AR]=Argentina
Countries[AS]=Americká Samoa
Countries[AT]=Rakousko
Countries[AU]=Austrálie
Countries[AW]=Aruba
Countries[AX]=Alandy
Countries[AZ]=Ázerbájdžán
Countries[BA]=Bosna a Hercegovina
Countries[BB]=Barbados
Countries[BD]=Bangladéš
Countries[BE]=Belgie
Countries[BF]=Burkina Faso
Countries[BG]=Bulharsko
Countries[BH]=Bahrajn
Countries[BI]=Burundi
Countries[BJ]=Benin
Countries[BL]=Svatý Bartoloměj
Countries[BM]=Bermudy
Countries[BN]=Brunej Darussalam
Countries[BO]=Bolívie
Countries[BQ]=Bonaire, Saint Eustatius and Saba
Countries[BR]=Brazílie
Countries[BS]=Bahamy
Countries[BT]=Bhútán
Countries[BV]=Bouvetův ostrov
Countries[BW]=Botswana
Countries[BY]=Bělorusko
Countries[BZ]=Belize
Countries[CA]=Kanada
Countries[CC]=Kokosové ostrovy
Countries[CD]=Kongo - DRK
Countries[CF]=Středoafrická republika
Countries[CG]=Kongo [Republika]
Countries[CH]=Švýcarsko
Countries[CI]=Pobřeží slonoviny
Countries[CK]=Cookovy ostrovy
Countries[CL]=Chile
Countries[CM]=Kamerun
Countries[CN]=Čína
Countries[CO]=Kolumbie
Countries[CR]=Kostarika
Countries[CU]=Kuba
Countries[CV]=Kapverdy
Countries[CW]=Land Curaçao
Countries[CX]=Vánoční ostrovy
Countries[CY]=Kypr
Countries[CZ]=Česko
Countries[DE]=Německo
Countries[DJ]=Džibuti
Countries[DK]=Dánsko
Countries[DM]=Dominika
Countries[DO]=Dominikánská republika
Countries[DZ]=Alžírsko
Countries[EC]=Ekvádor
Countries[EE]=Estonsko
Countries[EG]=Egypt
Countries[EH]=Západní Sahara
Countries[ER]=Eritrea
Countries[ES]=Španělsko
Countries[ET]=Etiopie
Countries[FI]=Finsko
Countries[FJ]=Fidži
Countries[FK]=Falklandské ostrovy
Countries[FM]=Mikronézie
Countries[FO]=Faerské ostrovy
Countries[FR]=Francie
Countries[GA]=Gabon
Countries[GB]=Velká Británie
Countries[GD]=Grenada
Countries[GE]=Gruzie
Countries[GF]=Francouzská Guyana
Countries[GG]=Guernsey
Countries[GH]=Ghana
Countries[GI]=Gibraltar
Countries[GL]=Grónsko
Countries[GM]=Gambie
Countries[GN]=Guinea
Countries[GP]=Guadeloupe
Countries[GQ]=Rovníková Guinea
Countries[GR]=Řecko
Countries[GS]=Jižní Georgie a Jižní Sandwichovy ostrovy
Countries[GT]=Guatemala
Countries[GU]=Guam
Countries[GW]=Guinea-Bissau
Countries[GY]=Guyana
Countries[HK]=Hongkong
Countries[HM]=Heardův ostrov a McDonaldovy ostrovy
Countries[HN]=Honduras
Countries[HR]=Chorvatsko
Countries[HT]=Haiti
Countries[HU]=Maďarsko
Countries[ID]=Indonésie
Countries[IE]=Irsko
Countries[IL]=Izrael
Countries[IM]=Ostrov Man
Countries[IN]=Indie
Countries[IO]=Britské indickooceánské území
Countries[IQ]=Irák
Countries[IR]=Írán
Countries[IS]=Island
Countries[IT]=Itálie
Countries[JE]=Jersey
Countries[JM]=Jamajka
Countries[JO]=Jordánsko
Countries[JP]=Japonsko
Countries[KE]=Keňa
Countries[KG]=Kyrgyzstán
Countries[KH]=Kambodža
Countries[KI]=Karibati
Countries[KM]=Komory
Countries[KN]=Sv. Kitts a Nevis
Countries[KP]=Severní Korea
Countries[KR]=Jižní Korea
Countries[KW]=Kuvajt
Countries[KY]=Kajmanské ostrovy
Countries[KZ]=Kazachstán
Countries[LA]=Lidově demokratická republika Laos
Countries[LB]=Libanon
Countries[LC]=Svatá Lucie
Countries[LI]=Lichtenštejnsko
Countries[LK]=Srí Lanka
Countries[LR]=Libérie
Countries[LS]=Lesotho
Countries[LT]=Lotyšsko
Countries[LU]=Lucembursko
Countries[LV]=Lotyšsko
Countries[LY]=Libye
Countries[MA]=Maroko
Countries[MC]=Monako
Countries[MD]=Moldavská republika
Countries[ME]=Černá Hora
Countries[MF]=Svatý Martin
Countries[MG]=Madagaskar
Countries[MH]=Marshallovy ostrovy
Countries[MK]=Makedonie
Countries[ML]=Mali
Countries[MM]=Myanmar (Burma)
Countries[MN]=Mongolsko
Countries[MO]=Macao
Countries[MP]=Severní Mariany
Countries[MQ]=Martinik
Countries[MR]=Mauretánie
Countries[MS]=Montserrat
Countries[MT]=Malta
Countries[MU]=Mauricius
Countries[MV]=Maladivy
Countries[MW]=Malawi
Countries[MX]=Mexiko
Countries[MY]=Malajsie
Countries[MZ]=Mozambik
Countries[NA]=Namibie
Countries[NC]=Nová Kaledonie
Countries[NE]=Niger
Countries[NF]=Norfolk
Countries[NG]=Nigérie
Countries[NI]=Nikaragua
Countries[NL]=Nizozemsko
Countries[NO]=Norsko
Countries[NP]=Nepál
Countries[NR]=Nauru
Countries[NU]=Niue
Countries[NZ]=Nový Zéland
Countries[OM]=Omán
Countries[PA]=Panama
Countries[PE]=Peru
Countries[PF]=Francouzská Polynésie
Countries[PG]=Papua Nová Guinea
Countries[PH]=Filipíny
Countries[PK]=Pákistán
Countries[PL]=Polsko
Countries[PM]=Svatý Pierre a Miquelon
Countries[PN]=Pitcairnovy ostrovy
Countries[PR]=Portoriko
Countries[PS]=Palestinská území
Countries[PT]=Portugalsko
Countries[PW]=Palau
Countries[PY]=Paraguay
Countries[QA]=Katar
Countries[RE]=Réunion
Countries[RO]=Rumunsko
Countries[RS]=Srbsko
Countries[RU]=Rusko
Countries[RW]=Rwanda
Countries[SA]=Saudská Arábie
Countries[SB]=Šalamounovy ostrovy
Countries[SC]=Seychely
Countries[SD]=Súdán
Countries[SE]=Švédsko
Countries[SG]=Singapur
Countries[SH]=Svatá Helena
Countries[SI]=Slovinsko
Countries[SJ]=Špicberky a Jan Mayen
Countries[SK]=Slovensko
Countries[SL]=Sierra Leone
Countries[SM]=San Marino
Countries[SN]=Senegal
Countries[SO]=Somálsko
Countries[SR]=Surinam
Countries[SS]=South Sudan
Countries[ST]=Svatý Tomáš
Countries[SV]=El Salvador
Countries[SX]=Land Sint Maarten
Countries[SY]=Sýrie
Countries[SZ]=Swazijsko
Countries[TC]=Ostrovy Turks a Caicos
Countries[TD]=Čad
Countries[TF]=Francouzská jižní teritoria
Countries[TG]=Togo
Countries[TH]=Thajsko
Countries[TJ]=Tádžikistán
Countries[TK]=Tokelau
Countries[TL]=Východní Timor
Countries[TM]=Turkmenistán
Countries[TN]=Tunisko
Countries[TO]=Tonga
Countries[TR]=Turecko
Countries[TT]=Trinidad a Tobago
Countries[TV]=Tuvalu
Countries[TW]=Tajwan
Countries[TZ]=Tanzánie
Countries[UA]=Ukrajina
Countries[UG]=Uganda
Countries[UM]=Menší odlehlé ostrovy USA
Countries[US]=Spojené státy americké
Countries[UY]=Uruguay
Countries[UZ]=Uzbekistán
Countries[VA]=Vatikán
Countries[VC]=Sv. Vincent a Grenadiny
Countries[VE]=Venezuela
Countries[VG]=Britské Panenské ostrovy
Countries[VI]=Americké Panenské ostrovy
Countries[VN]=Vietnam
Countries[VU]=Vanuatu
Countries[WF]=Wallis a Futuna
Countries[WS]=Samoa
Countries[XK]=Kosovo
Countries[YE]=Jemen
Countries[YT]=Mayotte
Countries[ZA]=Jižní Afrika
Countries[ZM]=Zambie
Countries[ZW]=Zimbabwe
|
---
abstract: 'We present a vacuum window mechanism that is useful for applications requiring two different vacuum windows in series, with one of them movable and resealable. Such applications include space borne instruments that can benefit from a thin vacuum window at low ambient pressures, but must also have an optically open aperture at atmospheric pressures. We describe the implementation and successful operation with the EBEX balloon-borne payload, a millimeter-wave instrument designed to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background radiation.'
author:
- 'K. Zilic'
- 'A. Aboobaker'
- 'F. Aubin'
- 'C. Geach'
- 'S. Hanany'
- 'N. Jarosik'
- 'M. Milligan'
- 'I. Sagiv'
bibliography:
- 'dwmbib.bib'
title: 'A Double Vacuum Window Mechanism for Space-borne Applications'
---
Introduction {#sec:introduction}
============
The use of vacuum windows is ubiquitous throughout science and engineering. In certain applications there is a need to implement two vacuum windows in series. Examples include balloon-borne or space-based applications in which one prefers to use a thicker window for the larger differential pressure on the ground, and a thinner window when the payload is above Earth’s atmosphere. If the experiment is to be reusable, the vacuum window mechanism must be reversible, that is, the atmospheric pressure seal must be resealable.
Ground testing and calibration of experiments that are sensitive to electromagnetic radiation require that both vacuum windows in the series be transparent to the desired wavelengths. The choice of vacuum window material depends, among other factors, on the wavelength of use. Many such applications require windows with low loss, low reflection, and low emission. Useful materials in the millimeter wavelength include polyethylene and polypropylene. They are readily available in a large range of thicknesses and sizes, and have low cost. They have relatively low index of refraction, making the fabrication of anti-reflection coating less of a challenge compared to higher index materials. Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and polypropylene have loss tangents of $8\times10^{-5}$ and $4\times 10^{-4}$, respectively, among the lowest at this waveband [@Cardiffabsorption; @lamb96].
In this paper we describe a vacuum window that we developed for the balloon-borne E and B Experiment (EBEX). It consisted of two polyethylene vacuum windows in series, one of them removable and resealable. We call the apparatus the . In Section \[sec:ebex\] we describe the requirements that led to the development of the ; and in Section \[sec:dwm\_design\] we discuss the specifics of the design of the as well as the testing performed on the and the results found.
EBEX {#sec:ebex}
====
was a stratospheric balloon-borne experiment designed to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background radiation [@ebexpaper1; @ebexpaper3]. It consisted of an ambient temperature telescope focusing light into a cryogenic receiver. The receiver had an array of nearly a thousand bolometric transition edge sensors operating at a temperature of 0.25 K. The experiment had three frequency bands centered on 150, 250 and 410 GHz and collected data in a flight circumnavigating Antarctica in January 2013.
The optical design determined the 300 mm open diameter of the receiver’s vacuum window. Below the window we placed reflective filters to reject high frequency radiation. Space constraints dictated that these filters be placed no farther than 10 mm below the vacuum window, limiting the maximum bowing acceptable for the window material before damaging the filters.
We considered several materials for the vacuum window including alumina, silicon, sapphire, Zotefoam, polypropylene, and varieties of polyethylene. We chose because it has low loss, a relatively low index and our collaborators had already developed a broad-band anti-reflection coating for it; because it is not fragile; and because it is readily available at many sizes and thicknesses.
We measured the central deflection of 300 mm diameter window under atmospheric differential pressure for a number of thicknesses. We found that a minimum of 12.7 mm thick material was needed to provide a deflection of less than 10 mm. Although total absorption with this thickness is only 0.5%, 1.1%, and 3.0%, at the three EBEX frequency bands, the emission of such a room temperature window would have represented 8%, 11%, and 14% of the total optical load absorbed by the detectors at 150, 250, and 410 GHz, respectively. The temperature at float altitude is close to room temperature. To make the optical load and resultant photon noise from the window negligible compared to other sources, we decided to use two windows in series: a removable thick window for ground operations, and, below it, a thinner window only for float altitude. A comparison between the optical load for the two thicknesses is given in Table \[tab:loading\]. We use the words ‘above’ and ‘below’ to indicate relative positions closer to the higher and lower pressures, respectively.
Band 12.7 mm window 1 mm window
--------- ---------------- -------------
150 GHz 8 % 0.1 %
250 GHz 11 % 1 %
410 GHz 14 % 1 %
: Calculated fractional in-band optical loading on the EBEX detectors due to a single window of either 12.7 mm or 1 mm thickness in the optical path.[]{data-label="tab:loading"}
Double Window Design {#sec:dwm_design}
====================
Overview
--------
The consisted of a permanent 1 mm , anti-reflection coated window, which we call the ‘thin window’. On the ambient pressure side of the thin window we placed a movable plate with two apertures. One 300 mm aperture had a 12.7 mm thick , anti-reflection coated ‘thick window’; the other 380 mm aperture was open. Figure \[fig:cross\_section\] shows a cross-section of the construction and Figure \[fig:dwm\_sketch\_pic\] shows a solid model of the entire apparatus.
![Cross-section view of the . The thick window was movable in the y direction, exposing an open aperture above the thin window (see Figure \[fig:dwm\_sketch\_pic\]). It was also resealable. The cavity between the windows was connected with a tube and valve (not shown) to the receiver cavity. \[fig:cross\_section\] ](./figure1){width="48.00000%"}
A copper tube with a valve connected the receiver cavity to the volume immediately above the thin window. On the ground the thick window was always positioned above the thinner one. When the receiver was evacuated we also evacuated the chamber between the two windows. Before the payload was launched we closed the valve connecting the receiver and intra-window cavity. When the payload reached float altitude we actuated a motor to move the two-aperture plate and place the open aperture in position above the thin window. Before flight termination the motor was actuated again to move the thick window back into its ground-operations position.
![Model of the assembly. It consisted of a plate with two apertures (blue), a drive mechanism (brown), and six spring-loaded rollers, each with two springs (yellow). The mechanism gave the capability to either have the thick window seal the receiver, the configuration shown, or move the sliding plate in the $+y$ direction and replace the thick window with an open aperture. \[fig:dwm\_sketch\_pic\] ](./figure2){width="48.00000%"}
Thin Window
-----------
The 3636 kg total suspended weight below the 963,000 m$^{3}$ helium balloon gave high likelihood for flight altitude above 33 km and therefore an ambient pressure below $\sim$6 torr. Figure \[fig:thin\_wind\_defl\] shows our measurement of the central deflection of a 300 mm window as a function of window thickness for several differential pressures of 4 torr and above. The differential pressures span equivalent altitudes between 29 and 35 km [@standardatmosphere]. We chose a thickness of 1 mm because it gave negligible additional emission, and even at altitude as low as 28 km its maximum deflection was only 3 mm, giving ample space margin from the infrared filters below it. Two flat aluminum rings with inside (outside) diameter of 310 (368) mm were glued to the top and bottom of the thin window with Miller Stephenson Epoxy 907 and bolted against an o-ring situated in a standard o-ring groove.
![Central deflection versus window thickness for different pressure differentials. A 1.0 mm window was chosen.[]{data-label="fig:thin_wind_defl"}](./figure3){width="45.00000%"}
Movable, Resealable Window
--------------------------
The mechanism had two main elements: motion and seal. (We followed a design similar to one initially implemented by the XPER experiment [@staggs96].) The motion part of the consisted of a stepper motor driving a horizontal shaft with two worms, one on either side of the moving plate; see Figure \[fig:dwm\_drive\]. The worms coupled to worm gears on two vertical shafts that also had spur gears. The spur gears coupled to racks mounted on either side of the moving plate. The plate rode between 6 pairs of 300-grade stainless steel rollers, 3 pairs on each side of the plate.
A gear system was used due to its simplicity, compactness, and high output torque, as well as tolerance for low-temperatures, such as may be experienced during the ascend period of flight with temperatures down to -50$^\circ$C. The rack was mounted on the sides of the sliding plate, rather than on top or bottom, because the seal/reseal function was provided through motion in the $z$ direction (see Figures \[fig:cross\_section\] and \[fig:dwm\_sketch\_pic\]). We used two symmetric spur gear and worm/worm gear systems on either side of the sliding plate to ensure proper movement. One of the worm/worm gear systems was right-handed and the other was left-handed due to the mirror symmetry of the sliding plate.
![The drive mechanism consisted of a stepper motor (green) driving a horizontal shaft drive shafts (cyan) with two worm/worm gears (brown), coupling to two vertical shafts (cyan) with two spur gear/racks (magenta). \[fig:dwm\_drive\] ](./figure4){width="45.00000%"}
The thick window was permanently clamped directly onto a Buna-N o-ring on the movable plate. We also used an o-ring to facilitate the seal between the moving plate and the stationary surface of the ; both were made of aluminum. A relatively high hardness, Shore A 75, Buna-N o-ring was mounted onto the stationary surface. The movable vacuum seal required two functions, sealing in fixed known locations, and sliding between these locations without damaging the o-ring. Importantly, no vacuum sealing function was required during the motion. To achieve these functions we provided for a small $z$ displacements of the moving plate by means of triangular notches on the bottom side of the moving plate; see Figure \[fig:dwm\_sl\_plate\]. The position of the slots matched the positions of the bottom rollers in seal positions. In these positions the effectively thinner plate would move down and seal against the o-ring. Sealing force was provided by springs that forced the top rollers in the direction of the bottom rollers. During motions, the plate rolled out of the notches against the force of the springs, thus moving away from the o-ring seal.
![The sliding plate with triangular notches highlighted on the bottom surface.[]{data-label="fig:dwm_sl_plate"}](./figure5){width="48.00000%"}
The triangular notches in the sliding plate made an angle of 26.7$^\circ$ relative to the track face and were 3.3 mm deep. The geometry of the notches was chosen to give clearance for the sliding plate to travel above the o-ring when moving and to compress the o-ring when the 25.4 mm diameter rollers were seated in the notches. The o-ring was seated in a dovetail groove which set its maximum linear compression to be 0.71 mm, 20% of the 3.53 mm diameter. This compression and the o-ring hardness required a compressive force per length of 1.2 to 6.6 N/mm for proper vacuum sealing and o-ring durability [@parkerhandbook]. We chose a value of 2.9 N/mm, and with the 410 mm nominal diameter o-ring, this gave a total required compressive force of 3700 N. In a ground configuration, a force of 13300 N was exerted uniformly on the o-ring due to the pressure differential across the thick window; however, at float altitude, the pressure differential drops, providing only 180 N of force. Furthermore, upon resealing at the end of flight, there is no pressure differential across the thick window at all. To provide the required force during flight, 12 springs with spring constant of 41.3 N/mm were compressed 7.5 mm each by engaging the compression screws by hand, which then pressed on the sliding plate and o-ring via the rollers located above the sliding plate; see Figure \[fig:dwm\_sketch\_pic\].
We calculated that a force of 2300 N was required to move the rollers out of the notches. Given the radius of the spur gears of 12.7 mm and the 60:1 worm/worm gear ratio, this required a minimum motor torque of 0.49 Nm. However, worm/worm gear efficiency depends on the coefficient of friction between the two surfaces as, $$\mathrm{Efficiency} = \tan{\gamma}\frac{1 - \mu \tan{\gamma}}{\mu + \tan{\gamma}}$$ where $\gamma=4.8^\circ$ was the worm lead angle [@wormgear_eff]. We assumed that the kinetic coefficient of friction $\mu$ between the cast iron worm gear and steel worm was 0.2[@CoeffFrict] when unlubricated, which gives an efficiency of 29%. In this case the minimum required torque is 1.69 Nm. We used Dow Corning Molykote dry lubricant to decrease the friction between the components and protect the open gearing from oxidation. With the dry lubricant we expected a coefficient of friction between 0.02 and 0.06[@CoeffFrict], and thus an increase in the worm/worm gear efficiency to between 58% and 81%, and a reduction in the required motor torque to between 0.84 and 0.60 Nm, respectively. A stepper motor with a stall torque of 3.88 Nm (Kollmorgen model M093-LE14) was chosen to give more than a factor of two safety for the unlubricated case.
The was operated at low speeds, taking 3.3 minutes to move the 419 mm from the thick window to open aperture states. At this speed the stepper motor operated in its high-torque regime. Since the was operated only twice during flight, its operation time had negligible effect on total observation time. We monitored the position of the sliding plate with two electrical limit switches that were located at either end of the travel and were depressed when the sliding plate was in the thick window or open aperture positions. The state of these switches were continuously read out as analog voltages.
Aluminum components were used extensively and all steel components were light-weighted. In total, the had a mass of $22$ kg, including the windows, vacuum valve, bellows, and stepper motor. Military specification Buna-N o-rings rated to $-54^\circ$C were used for their thermal properties and abrasion durability.
Testing and In-Flight Operation {#sec:dwm_testing}
===============================
We tested the in vacuum and flight-like temperatures in an environmental chamber at the Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility in Palestine, TX. Tests were conducted twice, once in the summer of 2011 and again in the summer of 2012. For testing purposes the was mounted on a fixture that simulated the receiver vacuum. We monitored the intra-window cavity pressure to check the integrity of the thick window’s vacuum seal and reseal. We placed temperature sensors on several key components of the including the stepper motor, sliding plate, and the plate that simulated the receiver, and we had an ambient chamber temperature sensor. We also readout the position switches and chamber pressure continuously.
The simulated receiver and intra-window cavities were evacuated to a pressure of few torr when the apparatus was outside the environmental chamber. The valve connecting the two cavities was closed to separate them, as would be done pre-flight. The testing apparatus was then placed in the chamber. The chamber was cooled to approximately $-45^\circ$ C, which is near the temperature experienced during initial ascent of the payload. The chamber and were then allowed to warm up and the following cycle was tested $6$ and $10$ times for the two testing periods, respectively: pump the chamber down to between $2$ and $10$ torr of pressure, move the sliding plate to the open aperture position, move the sliding plate to the thick window position, and backfill the chamber to $\sim 100$ torr with N$_2$ gas. The data showed robust motion of the moving plate throughout the necessary range. It also showed proper resealing of the intra-window cavity. EBEX was launched from the balloon Facility at McMurdo Station in Antarctica at 00:30 GMT December 29, 2012. The payload achieved an altitude of approximately 36 km about 5 hours later. The payload was science operational until 06:00 GMT January 9, 2013, for a duration of 10.83 days, at which point the liquid helium cryogen expired.
![ position encoders’ signals during opening (upper) and closing (lower). High voltage indicates ‘true’ for the closed (solid) and open (dash) signals.[]{data-label="fig:dwm_flight"}](./figure6){width="48.00000%"}
We operated the twice during the flight. Three hours after launch at an altitude of 36.6 km and temperature of 15$^\circ$C we removed the thick window. The second time was approximately two hours after liquid helium expired at an altitude of 36.4 km and temperature of 39$^\circ$C when we repositioned the thick window above the thin in preparation for flight termination. The position encoder signals during these times are shown in Figure \[fig:dwm\_flight\]. These monitors indicate proper opening and closing the window. Visual inspection post-flight showed the thick window in nominal position above the thin window. Both windows and the fragile filters below them were recovered intact post-flight indicating that there was no major leak by the thick window either before it was opened or after it was resealed. Had there been a major leak, the thin window would have ruptured, or bowed sufficiently to tear the filters mounted below it. Nominal cryogenic operation of the receiver through flight and the fact that liquid helium hold time was commensurate with pre-flight predictions indicated nominal gas pressure inside the cryostat and therefore the absence of gas leaks through the thin window. We conclude that the performed successfully.
Support for the development and flight of the EBEX instrument was provided by NASA grants NNX12AD50G, NNX13AE49G, NNX08AG40G, and NNG05GE62G, and by NSF grants AST-0705134, and ANT-0944513. Zilic acknowledges support by the Minnesota Space Grant Consortium. We are grateful to Suzanne Staggs for providing the original XPER window upon which our design was based. We thank Xin Zhi Tan for help with figures.
|
Abstract The dynamics of a wild red-legged partridge population were examined over a 14-year period in Spain to identify patterns in age and sex ratios in relation to weather parameters, and to assess the importance of these parameters in population dynamics and management. The results gave age ratios of 1.07 (but 2.13 in July counts), juvenile sex ratios of 1.01 and adult sex ratios of 1.47. Overall, 12% more females were hatched and female juvenile mortality was 7.3% higher than in males. Sex differential mortality explains the 19.2% deficit in adult females, which are more heavily predated than males during the breeding period. Accordingly, age ratios are dependent on sex ratios and both are density dependent. Over time, ratios and density changes appear to be influenced by weather and management. When the habitat is well conserved, partridge population dynamics can be explained by a causal chain: weather operates on net primary production, thereby affecting partridge reproduction and predation and, as a result, age and sex ratios in the October population. A reduction in the impact of predation (i.e. the effects of ground predators on eggs, chicks and breeding females) is the key factor to improve the conservation of partridge populations and associated biological processes.
Citation: Nadal J, Ponz C, Margalida A (2016) Age and Sex Ratios in a High-Density Wild Red-Legged Partridge Population. PLoS ONE 11(8): e0159765. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159765 Editor: Ulrike Gertrud Munderloh, University of Minnesota, UNITED STATES Received: March 10, 2016; Accepted: July 6, 2016; Published: August 10, 2016 Copyright: © 2016 Nadal et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability: The minimal data necessary to replicate the study findings has been uploaded as Supporting Information. Funding: AM was supported by a Ramón y Cajal research contract from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (RYC-2012-11867). Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Introduction Age and sex ratios change as annual partridge production and predation rates vary [1–3] and hence large age ratios indicate good annual partridge recruitment. Juvenile sex ratios are generally 1:1; however, adult sex ratios in birds are generally biased towards males but in mammals are frequently skewed towards females [4–6]. Different genetic, behavioural and ecological theories have been formulated to explain biased sex ratios during life stages [5–7], and characteristics ranging from genetic sex determination to parental condition, behaviour, environment and weather have all been postulated as the main factors capable of modulating juvenile sex ratios [8–12]. Age and sex ratios in partridge populations are still very poorly known [13–15]. The frequency and causes of variations in these ratios and the responses in population dynamics are all poorly understood and so the overall extent to which subtle changes in age and sex ratios can modify partridge densities is also unknown [13,16,17]. Understanding variations in age and sex ratios is extremely challenging because ratios vary seasonally, annually, spatially and between age and sex classes, and require clear definitions of what constitutes a sample: for instance, samples from smaller or larger spatial areas, or over shorter or longer time intervals, are interpretable in different ways [18–20]. The development of a simple and robust method for estimating age and sex ratios in the field, as well as for interpreting the results obtained, could improve wildlife management and conservation. Habitat quality (resource availability), density (competition), sexual size dimorphism (sex specific mortality), mating system (sexual selection, parental condition and capacity), synchrony (distribution of temporal opportunity) and predation (population regulation) affect offspring condition and production (chick numbers, quality and sex ratio) [4,6,21]. A better understanding of age and sex ratios in wild game bird populations could greatly improve our understanding of population processes and contribute to their management and conservation [22–24] The increase in anthropogenic activities is having an impact on natural ecosystems and degrading biological processes [25,26]. Consequently, wildlife management has had to urgently establish conservation priorities as the degradation of ecosystems derives towards a loss of natural resources. In recent years, wild partridge populations have been replaced by farmed birds and game workers (managers, keepers, agents and businesses) have shifted their activities towards artificial production. In red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa), rapid habitat degradation has led to increased exposure of nests and coveys to predators and detrimental anthropogenic activities (i.e. agricultural machinery). This provokes greater mortality in young and female birds and thus consistently adult-skewed and male-skewed age and sex ratios in these populations [27]. Hence, in areas of better quality habitat, we can expect juvenile survival and age ratios to be higher, and also that male and female survival rates will be similar and sex ratios balanced [3,28,29]. In this sense, net primary production (NPP) depends on meteorological conditions but is also associated with the availability of food resources and predation risks. Both factors alter age and sex ratios and as consequence, their dynamics reflect a population responses to changes in annual habitat quality [3,30,31]. Annual, local and global age and sex ratios in declining red-legged partridge populations have been reported in northern Spain [14,27,32]. By contrast, age and sex ratios in stable or expanding populations are still very poorly studied and long time datasets are costly and difficult to obtain. Monitoring game bird populations requires robust methods for annual assessments of fluctuations in populations and in the resulting population dynamics [31,33,34]. Here, we take advantage of data from a long-term study (14 years) of a wild red-legged partridge population in La Mancha (Spain) to (1) describe current age and sex ratios in a high density population; (2) identify patterns of age and sex ratios and their causes, correlates and variations in order to respond the following questions: (a) Are age and sex ratio mutually dependent? (b) Are age and sex ratio density dependent? (c) Are age and sex ratio of year n+1 dependent on age and sex ratios of year n?; (3) assess the importance of known abundance, age and sex ratios in population monitoring, management and conservation to evaluate population health, stage and viability. (4) use and propose various statistical techniques for correctly interpreting annual age and sex ratios in high density populations; and (5) examine the effect of weather on age and sex ratios.
Materials and Methods Ethical statement The study was conducted in full compliance with Spanish laws and regulation, including the licence of “Las Ensanchas” to sampling shoot partridges. The protocol was approved by the Committee on the Ethics of Animal Experiments of the University of Lleida (Ref.1998-2012/05). Study area The study was carried out in Las Ensanchas, a small-game hunting estate in the basin of the river Jabalón in Ciudad Real province (central Spain; 38°39’ N, 3°13’ W; 790–840 m a.s.l.; annual average temperature is 13° degree Celsius (range 4–24, January and August, respectively) and annual average precipitation is 371.8 mm (range 5–725, July-December, respectively). It covers a surface area of 1,415 ha of predominantly species-rich Mediterranean landscapes (wood pastures or dehesa) that are characterised by a habitat mosaic consisting of cereal crops, fallow, natural pastures (Agrostis castellana, Poa bulbosa, Stipa tenacissima, Brachypodium distachyon, Trifolium glomeratum, Bellis annua, Bellis perennis) and scrubland (Cistus ladanifer, Quercus coccifera, Thymus vulgaris, Rosmarinus officinalis, Lavandula latifolia, Salvia officinalis, Santolina chamaecyparissus, Helianthemum syriacum) with scattered holm oaks (Quercus ilex). In all, 75% of the estate is covered by herbaceous vegetation and the other 25% by shrubland. The main quarry species are rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa), woodpigeon (Columba palumbus) and hare (Lepus granatensis). Controls of predators annually remove on average 40 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), 70 feral cats (Felix domesticus) and 300 magpies (Pica pica). This property also holds more than 150 important and protected bird species including Spanish imperial (Aquila adalberti) and golden (Aquila chrysaetos) eagles, cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus), pin-tailed (Pterocles alchata) and black-bellied (Pterocles orientalis) sandgrouse, among others. Data collection We analysed red-legged partridge hunting bags from the period 1998–2011. In the field, we examined all bagged birds, certified and classified them as wild partridges. The annual average hunting yield was 0.77 partridges/ha, 33% of the autumn population (2.31 partridges/ha). From spring (1.14 partridges/ha) to autumn, the population increased 51% (Supporting Information, S4 Appendix). Hunting methods (drives), as well as the ability of hunters and beaters, remained constant over the years. The team at Las Ensanchas worked for profit as all shot partridges were sold as a high-quality food product. A total of three to six people processed the warm, recently bagged birds. Age was determined by an examination of primary feathers and sex by spur characteristics [35–39]. Clear reference patterns from a previously identified bird for each age and sex class (young or adult; female or male) were always available. A wing was taken from all birds for precise measurement in the laboratory to confirm the age and sex determination carried out in the field and thus to verify the class they had been assigned to [37,38]. Statistical analysis We used age ratio (young/adults) to describe the population age structure, sex ratio (male/female) to describe the population sex structure, adult sex ratio (adult male/adult female) to describe the adult sex structure, and juvenile sex ratio (young male/young female) to describe the juvenile sex structure. We examined scatterplots to gain a thorough understanding of the constraining assumptions imposed by our data set [40]. The lack of data independence stemmed from a homogeneous biological structure, as within the population there is a strong family relationship between individuals. Many partridges in the sample came from the same family or the same lineage. These specimens could be more similar to each other than to individuals from other locations or years that are separated by larger distances or longer time periods. We associated autumn ratios with the summer age ratios derived from counts conducted in July [15]. The two indexes are very different because of different collection methods. We tested for the biological significance of the results and initially applied different procedures and statistical tests to confirm results and to make robust interpretations. The most robust tests were maintained to simplify the results obtained. To test ratio independence, we used simple regression analyses. For the response, we used ratios resulting from the 1) integer fraction, 2) proportion = dividend / dividend + divisor, and 3) logarithm fraction. We employed frequency = count individuals of one type; absolute frequency = total sample number individuals; relative frequency = proportion; and class (groups of birds according to age and sex) [41]. We used the Chi-square test to determine ratios that differed from a 1:1 ratio as a reference, and contingency tables to test the null hypotheses that sexes and/or ages were distributed randomly over the years. We employed simple and multiple regression analyses for the response variables (ratios, proportions, class) explained by other ratios, proportions, class, year, and other independent variables such as density or weather. In addition, to fit age and sex ratio responses, we used (a) logistic regression, with model terms: absolute frequency, sample size, year, density and complementary age or sex; (b) generalized regression models, allowing small data sets and multicollinearity, with different distributions to find the best fit; (c) generalized linear models (GLMs), with different numbers of parameters; and (d) mixed models, which take into account complex covariance structures[42]. All tests were considered significant when P < 0.05 or when similar comparisons were significant and supported tests with P < 0.1. We applied principles of parsimony for rationalising the model and only variables that contributed significantly were retained. The model did not contain any redundant parameters or factor levels and the number of parameters and data were balanced [41]. The AICc (corrected Akaike information criterion), delta AICc and the Akaike weights were used to assess different models, as well the significance level of models and effects [43]. In the GLMs, we applied the deviance as a measure of the goodness of fit. To build the models, we searched for all factors, covariates and interaction terms that might influence ecological explanations. We then carried out a series of step-wise deletions of any non-significant explanatory variables, factors and interaction terms, and continued to remove terms until the best model was obtained [40,43]. To evaluate the effects of weather on age and sex ratios we used data from Las Terceras, a meteorological station run by the AEMET (Spanish Meteorological Agency, http://www.aemet.es) located near the edge of the estate (300 m). We selected the best rain and temperature data according to the relationship between vegetation growth and partridge parameters, and selected the months and variables that showed the greatest correlation with the partridge population [43].
Discussion Sex ratios, chick survival (the key factor in population size), excess males and high chick mortality are all related to population density [2,44,45]. Our findings suggest that there was no significant relationship in ratios between consecutive years [17,22,46]. Density was explained by age (31% of variance) and sex ratios (32% variance) [45], although other factors did have some effect [33,47,48]. Age ratios were dependent on sex ratios (32% of variance) [19,49] and reflected the results of annual productivity minus mortality in the data-collection period. High annual brood production and age ratio variation may mask density-dependent responses [34,50,51]. Abundance partially depends on age and sex ratios [52,53] and in high density population, partridge interactions are more likely and influential. Density depends partially on population structure and age ratios partially depend on sex ratios. The population structure is partially intra-dependent. Inter- and intra-dependence of population structure are partial because these associations can be mediated by other factors (e.g., predators, availability of food and cover, diseases and weather) [54–58]. Predation was responsible for a decrease in the age ratio by half between July and October [1,15,51,55]. Our results showed that 12% more females hatched and had 7.3%-higher juvenile mortality than males, a sexually differentiated mortality that continues into adult age classes. There were 19.2% fewer adult females than adult males, and so the adult sex ratio was male-biased [46,55,59]. The characteristics of the population structure begin to form in the growth stages of partridges (from hatching to juvenile), although the process continues in the maturation phase to adult (from juvenile to adult), with predation being the principal driver of population structure [55,58,60]. From a methodological point of view, all the statistical tools applied were useful for understanding age and sex ratios and the temporal changes they undergo, as well as their relationships with other factors (effects) that contribute to explaining variation. The different statistical tools generate complementary approximations for explaining age and sex ratios. The most complete models explain many different effects, while the simplest show the degree of association [61,62]. For example, our results indicated that multiple regression demonstrates that meteorological parameters explain age and sex ratios, while simple regression illustrates how each meteorological parameter explains these ratios. Age and sex ratio are associated with spring rainfall and temperature. Accordingly, statistical techniques condition our biological interpretation of results and so we must consider how they influence our understanding of wildlife populations to make wide-ranging interpretations. For example, logistic regression for explaining age ratio supports the idea that year and sex had a significant effect, as did the sample size for sex, but density was not included in the effects. Generalized regression models explained the relative frequency with density, year and class effects, while generalized linear models using binomial distribution explained class, sex and age, with effects for absolute frequency, sample size, year and density (Supporting Information S2 and S3 Appendices). When we manage high-density partridge populations average production and predation maintain close to a 1:1 age ratio in the bag (October). We anticipate that, under future scenarios of adverse meteorological conditions, the NPP will be poorer and will entail a fall in density and age ratios. By contrast, when weather conditions are more favourable, the NPP, density and age ratios will all rise. Partridge populations at high densities maintained a balanced age ratio of around 1:1. Age ratios differed from the period mean (1.07) in 12 of the 14 studied years, thereby indicating that variability in years with lower or higher productivity rates is very frequent. The annual extraction rate should be adjusted to the age ratio of that year [15,63,64]. Sex ratios showed little change over the years, the only variation being change in juvenile sex ratios in some years [33,34]. Accordingly, it is difficult to identify the direct cause behind this population response in the juvenile sex ratio, and it would appear to be the cumulative result of several effects: sex differential in births, mortality, resource availability, predation risk, local storms, local heat waves and other possible causes [9,10,59,65]. Sex ratios only differed from the period mean in two years. Although the juvenile sex ratio showed a little annual change, the adult sex ratio was constant over the entire period and corresponds to the maximum partridge density in a managed habitat, where changes in the availability of resources depend on weather conditions [3,30,66]. In spite of efficient predator control by gamekeepers, adult sex ratios indicate a differential loss of females. Adult females are more exposed to predation than males as a consequence of their parental effort during incubation and chick rearing [18,21,67]. Adult sex ratio distortion in birds is significantly more severe in populations of globally threatened species than in non-threatened species [13,20,23], and greater female mortality is the main driver of male-skewed adult sex ratios in birds [68,69]. Thus, predator control and habitat improvement are needed to balance sex ratios. We can assume that age ratio homeostasis over decades is the response of a population in a stable habitat where density oscillations occur due to variations in NPP. In high-density partridge populations, longevity increases and production is checked due to higher levels of competition and predation [25,28,53,70]. The same values of age and sex ratios have different population effects in low, middle and high density populations. Consequently, monitoring age and sex ratio controlling for density is necessary to manage and conserve wildlife populations. An useful method for understanding population responses to ecosystem management is required and, accordingly, our study shows how age and sex ratio dynamics are key tools for interpreting, managing and conserving wildlife populations.
Supporting Information S1 Appendix. Determination coefficient (R2) and slopes (b±SD) in regression between abundance (Y) and the age and sex ratios (X). Determination coefficient (R2) and slopes (b±SD) in regression between age ratio (Y) and sex ratio (X). Determination coefficient (R2) and slopes (b±SD) in regression between age and sex ratio and the previous year age and sex ratio. Effects, corrected Akaike information criterion (AICc), with logistic regression models for age or sex explained by absolute frequency, sample size, year, density, sex or age. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159765.s001 (DOCX) S2 Appendix. Generalized regression models with relative frequency explained by class density, year and class. Generalized regression models with absolute frequency explained by number of trials, class density, year (ordinal), age and sex. Generalized regression models with absolute frequency explained by number of trials, age, sex, year and density. Generalized regression models with absolute frequency explained by number of trials, age, sex, class density and year (ordinal). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159765.s002 (DOCX) S3 Appendix. Generalized linear models (GLMs). Relative frequency, age, sex, year and density. Relative frequency, class, year and density. Absolute frequency, trial, age, sex, year and density. Absolute frequency, trial, class, year and density. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159765.s003 (DOCX) S4 Appendix. Population numbers. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159765.s004 (DOCX)
Acknowledgments We are grateful for contributions made by the Melgarejo family, Patricia, Luis and Ivan Maldonado and Tom Gullick. Thanks also go to the “Las Ensanchas” staff, especially the game keepers, the Barranquero family and collaborators, the members of the Tom Gullick hunting team in “campo de Montiel” and around the world. Alberto Meriggi, Dick Potts and Christian Gortazar provided valuable comments and significantly improved the manuscript.
Author Contributions Conceived and designed the experiments: JN. Performed the experiments: JN CP. Analyzed the data: JN CP. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JN CP. Wrote the paper: JN AM. |
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
//
=== Samples
Apache Unomi provides the following samples:
* <<Twitter sample,Twitter integration>>
* <<Login sample,Login integration>>
|
/*
* Copyright 2016 Red Hat, Inc. and/or its affiliates
* and other contributors as indicated by the @author tags.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.keycloak.events.admin;
/**
* Represents Keycloak resource types for which {@link AdminEvent AdminEvent's} can be triggered.
*
* @author <a href="mailto:thomas.darimont@gmail.com">Thomas Darimont</a>
*/
public enum ResourceType {
/**
*
*/
REALM
/**
*
*/
, REALM_ROLE
/**
*
*/
, REALM_ROLE_MAPPING
/**
*
*/
, REALM_SCOPE_MAPPING
/**
*
*/
, AUTH_FLOW
/**
*
*/
, AUTH_EXECUTION_FLOW
/**
*
*/
, AUTH_EXECUTION
/**
*
*/
, AUTHENTICATOR_CONFIG
/**
*
*/
, REQUIRED_ACTION
/**
*
*/
, IDENTITY_PROVIDER
/**
*
*/
, IDENTITY_PROVIDER_MAPPER
/**
*
*/
, PROTOCOL_MAPPER
/**
*
*/
, USER
/**
*
*/
, USER_LOGIN_FAILURE
/**
*
*/
, USER_SESSION
/**
*
*/
, USER_FEDERATION_PROVIDER
/**
*
*/
, USER_FEDERATION_MAPPER
/**
*
*/
, GROUP
/**
*
*/
, GROUP_MEMBERSHIP
/**
*
*/
, CLIENT
/**
*
*/
, CLIENT_INITIAL_ACCESS_MODEL
/**
*
*/
, CLIENT_ROLE
/**
*
*/
, CLIENT_ROLE_MAPPING
/**
*
*/
, CLIENT_SCOPE
/**
*
*/
, CLIENT_SCOPE_MAPPING
/**
*
*/
, CLUSTER_NODE
/**
*
*/
, COMPONENT
/**
*
*/
, AUTHORIZATION_RESOURCE_SERVER
/**
*
*/
, AUTHORIZATION_RESOURCE
/**
*
*/
, AUTHORIZATION_SCOPE
/**
*
*/
, AUTHORIZATION_POLICY
/**
*
*/
, CUSTOM;
}
|
What is believed to be a whale has been spotted in the River Liffey near the opening to Dublin Bay.
The sighting was reported at lunchtime today at the Stena Line berth in Dublin Port.
The animal is estimated to be 20 foot in length.
There she/he blows.... spotted in the Liffey. More on @rtenews pic.twitter.com/qepBEoMwgC — Conor Hunt (@conorfhunt) October 2, 2019
Jimmy Murray who works in the area said it was a very unusual occurrence.
He says it is rare enough to see a basking shark in the area, but he has never seen a whale before so far up the river.
He said the whale was most probably feeding in the area and will likely head out to sea as the tide ebbs.
In a post on its Facebook page, the Irish Whale and Dolphin Group said: "While it could be a minke (whale), it could as easily be any of a suite of whales such as a juvenile fin or sei whale or even a northern bottlenose whale.
"So best to wait till we have more facts or video evidence before making any pronouncments on its species."
Additional reporting Philip Bromwell |
<?php
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// phpThumb() by James Heinrich <info@silisoftware.com> //
// available at http://phpthumb.sourceforge.net //
// and/or https://github.com/JamesHeinrich/phpThumb //
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// //
// phpThumb.demo.object.php //
// James Heinrich <info@silisoftware.com> //
// //
// Example of how to use phpthumb.class.php as an object //
// //
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Note: phpThumb.php is where the caching code is located, if
// you instantiate your own phpThumb() object that code is
// bypassed and it's up to you to handle the reading and
// writing of cached files, if appropriate.
die('For security reasons, this demo is disabled by default. Please comment out line '.__LINE__.' in '.basename(__FILE__));
require_once '../phpthumb.class.php';
// create phpThumb object
$phpThumb = new phpThumb();
// create 3 sizes of thumbnail
$thumbnail_widths = array(160, 320, 640);
$capture_raw_data = false; // set to true to insert to database rather than render to screen or file (see below)
foreach ($thumbnail_widths as $thumbnail_width) {
// this is very important when using a single object to process multiple images
$phpThumb->resetObject();
// set data source -- do this first, any settings must be made AFTER this call
$phpThumb->setSourceFilename('images/loco.jpg'); // for static demo only
//$phpThumb->setSourceFilename($_FILES['userfile']['tmp_name']);
// or $phpThumb->setSourceData($binary_image_data);
// or $phpThumb->setSourceImageResource($gd_image_resource);
// PLEASE NOTE:
// You must set any relevant config settings here. The phpThumb
// object mode does NOT pull any settings from phpThumb.config.php
//$phpThumb->setParameter('config_document_root', '/home/groups/p/ph/phpthumb/htdocs/');
//$phpThumb->setParameter('config_cache_directory', '/tmp/persistent/phpthumb/cache/');
// set parameters (see "URL Parameters" in phpthumb.readme.txt)
$phpThumb->setParameter('w', $thumbnail_width);
//$phpThumb->setParameter('h', 100);
//$phpThumb->setParameter('fltr', 'gam|1.2');
//$phpThumb->setParameter('fltr', 'wmi|../watermark.jpg|C|75|20|20');
// set options (see phpThumb.config.php)
// here you must preface each option with "config_"
$phpThumb->setParameter('config_output_format', 'jpeg');
$phpThumb->setParameter('config_imagemagick_path', '/usr/local/bin/convert');
//$phpThumb->setParameter('config_allow_src_above_docroot', true); // needed if you're working outside DOCUMENT_ROOT, in a temp dir for example
// generate & output thumbnail
$output_filename = './thumbnails/'.basename($_FILES['userfile']['name']).'_'.$thumbnail_width.'.'.$phpThumb->config_output_format;
if ($phpThumb->GenerateThumbnail()) { // this line is VERY important, do not remove it!
$output_size_x = imagesx($phpThumb->gdimg_output);
$output_size_y = imagesy($phpThumb->gdimg_output);
if ($output_filename || $capture_raw_data) {
if ($capture_raw_data && $phpThumb->RenderOutput()) {
// RenderOutput renders the thumbnail data to $phpThumb->outputImageData, not to a file or the browser
$mysqli->query("INSERT INTO `table` (`thumbnail`) VALUES ('".mysqli_real_escape_string($phpThumb->outputImageData)."') WHERE (`id` = '".mysqli_real_escape_string($id)."')");
} elseif ($phpThumb->RenderToFile($output_filename)) {
// do something on success
echo 'Successfully rendered:<br><img src="'.$output_filename.'">';
} else {
// do something with debug/error messages
echo 'Failed (size='.$thumbnail_width.'):<pre>'.implode("\n\n", $phpThumb->debugmessages).'</pre>';
}
$phpThumb->purgeTempFiles();
} else {
$phpThumb->OutputThumbnail();
}
} else {
// do something with debug/error messages
echo 'Failed (size='.$thumbnail_width.').<br>';
echo '<div style="background-color:#FFEEDD; font-weight: bold; padding: 10px;">'.$phpThumb->fatalerror.'</div>';
echo '<form><textarea rows="10" cols="60" wrap="off">'.htmlentities(implode("\n* ", $phpThumb->debugmessages)).'</textarea></form><hr>';
}
}
|
International Trade News
Don’t blame ocean carriers and bigger container ships for congestion at key ports; blame insufficient investment in equipment, dredging and automation at U.S. marine terminals, speakers said at the 15th annual TPM Conference in Long Beach.
U.S. containerized imports in 2015 will increase a paltry 1.7 percent, dragged down by West Coast port congestion, JOC Economist Mario Moreno told the 15th annual TPM Conference in Long Beach on Monday.
The top 20 Chinese ports had a throughput of 15.5 million 20-foot containers in January, with Shanghai and Shenzhen terminals handling almost half of them, according to Shanghai Shipping Exchange data.
Japan’s energetic farm-export drive is bearing fruit, as the country’s overseas shipments of agricultural, fishery and forestry products mushroomed 11.1 percent in 2014 from the previous year to a record high of 611.7 billion yen (US $5.14 billion).
An expected spike in China’s factory production in January in the buildup to a late Chinese New Year failed to materialize, with the official purchasing manager’s index (PMI) falling to a level not seen since 2012. |
Q:
How Can I Improve the Font Rendering In Firefox
My font rendering in Firefox looks terrible on pages such as facebook.com and twitter.com:
I'm running Debian 8 and fiddling with hardware acceleration, and it doesn't seem to work.
A:
I've had this issue for ages, maybe it's time to do something about it!
It comes done to ClearType, Microsoft and patents from what I read. Most *nix distro's disable any patent protected font rendering by default.
Read about Debian and fonts here, you want Subpixel-hinting and Font-smoothing section.
There's a config file on that page but I will add here for future reference. Create a file called .fonts.conf in your home directory, and add the following:
<?xml version='1.0'?>
<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM 'fonts.dtd'>
<fontconfig>
<match target="font">
<edit mode="assign" name="rgba">
<const>rgb</const>
</edit>
</match>
<match target="font">
<edit mode="assign" name="hinting">
<bool>true</bool>
</edit>
</match>
<match target="font">
<edit mode="assign" name="hintstyle">
<const>hintslight</const>
</edit>
</match>
<match target="font">
<edit mode="assign" name="antialias">
<bool>true</bool>
</edit>
</match>
<match target="font">
<edit mode="assign" name="lcdfilter">
<const>lcddefault</const>
</edit>
</match>
</fontconfig>
A:
These sites use Helvetica as their font. On most Debian systems it's not an outline font, but raster one. You can disable bitmapped fonts as the last stage of font configuration dialog:
$ dpkg-reconfigure fontconfig-config
|
Town Square
School budget: more local funds, less state and federal
Original post made
on Jun 15, 2013
Increased reliance on local funds and diminished state and federal funding mark the Palo Alto school district's proposed $170 million operating budget for 2013-14. The budget will be up for a vote by the Board of Education Tuesday, June 18.
Posted by Money equals priorities
a resident of Another Palo Alto neighborhood
on Jun 15, 2013 at 9:32 am
Almost $5 million for the teachers, good job PAEA! Now your parent organization, CTA, can get more dollars automatically out of each paycheck. It is a beautiful cycle. Is there any connection to fewer parents choosing PAUSD? Did PAEA ask for more money in their 2013-14 openers on Tuesday?
Posted by Marie
a resident of Palo Alto High School
on Jun 17, 2013 at 6:40 pm
The 13th Amendment freed the slaves - ALL slaves. Without teachers and the support staff - NOT administrative staff- you would not have the quality schools that are PAUSD. Teachers went THREE years without a raise. The "surplus" that the board and Skelly insists on keeping is a farce. Remember you get what you pay for in life.
Posted by Paul
a resident of Gunn High School
on Jun 17, 2013 at 6:47 pm
Of, course, the union asked for MORE money, silly. That is what unions do - protect the interests of their members. Look at the salaries of teachers in the neighboring districts like Los Altos and Sequoia. The make on average $3000-5000 MORE per year than PAUSD teachers. This is public information. Check it out on the web sites for these districts.
Stop being penny wise and pound foolish. It is a PUBLIC school - remember!
Posted by Not every teacher
a resident of Another Palo Alto neighborhood
on Jun 17, 2013 at 7:45 pm
Step and column is paid every year, whether the teacher has had an effective year or not. We are getting less than we pay for in PAUSD and that includes teachers AND administrators. Act like a team at least and we'll act like all teachers are exactly equal and deserved a raise.
Posted by Anon
a resident of Community Center
on Jun 17, 2013 at 9:07 pm
It's one thing to dislike teachers' unions; I personally don't think they add anything to the quality of education. But it's another matter to condemn teachers over a paltry 3% percent raise and 1.5% bonus after years of no raises. With three children in this district I know firsthand that our teachers are an incredibly dedicated, skilled, and hardworking bunch. If I were one of them and I read my citizenry condemning my puny raise, it would be deeply hurtful.
We should be a bit more thankful that they endure what they do for such modest pay. Like everyone else, they see their utilities and gasoline and grocery expenses increasing at a rate greater than their pay increases. Schoolteachers know they're not signing up for a life of great pay, but we shoudn't expect that they're in for a lifetime of declining standard of living either. I'm pleased for them that an improving revenue picture gets then a small gain, and grateful that they endured what they had to while finances were bleak.
Posted by Not every teacher
a resident of Another Palo Alto neighborhood
on Jun 17, 2013 at 10:33 pm
The high cost of gas angle has been played out as has its opposite that all teachers are making over $100,000. A more realistic view is that a majority of teachers are performing well and many of them are taking home $100,000 in less than 10 months of work. Some of them, and here lies the debate, are teachers you don't want for your child. Different teachers, different qualities, it can happen! Regardless, teachers do not need our pity. They are well-compensated.
Don't miss out on the discussion!Sign up to be notified of new comments on this topic.
Email:
Post a comment
Posting an item on Town Square is simple and requires no registration. Just complete this form and hit "submit" and your topic will appear online.
Please be respectful and truthful in your postings so Town Square will continue to be a thoughtful gathering place for sharing community information
and opinion. All postings are subject to our TERMS OF USE, and may be deleted if deemed inappropriate by our staff.
We prefer that you use your real name, but you may use any "member" name you wish. |
Brian Carpentier, Koffee Kup's executive vice president of sales and marketing, was pleasantly surprised to hear about the ad, saying he was especially taken off guard to learn that the pumpkin flavor was featured, as it debuted only a few days ago.
But he's not surprised to see that others have discovered his product's romantic potential. "I guess we have a new dating thing going on, but I think doughnuts are good for everything," Carpentier says. "Anniversaries, birthdays, everything." |
/**
* Copyright 2013-2015, Facebook, Inc.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This source code is licensed under the BSD-style license found in the
* LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree. An additional grant
* of patent rights can be found in the PATENTS file in the same directory.
*
* @providesModule EnterLeaveEventPlugin
* @typechecks static-only
*/
'use strict';
var EventConstants = require("./EventConstants");
var EventPropagators = require("./EventPropagators");
var SyntheticMouseEvent = require("./SyntheticMouseEvent");
var ReactMount = require("./ReactMount");
var keyOf = require("./keyOf");
var topLevelTypes = EventConstants.topLevelTypes;
var getFirstReactDOM = ReactMount.getFirstReactDOM;
var eventTypes = {
mouseEnter: {
registrationName: keyOf({onMouseEnter: null}),
dependencies: [
topLevelTypes.topMouseOut,
topLevelTypes.topMouseOver
]
},
mouseLeave: {
registrationName: keyOf({onMouseLeave: null}),
dependencies: [
topLevelTypes.topMouseOut,
topLevelTypes.topMouseOver
]
}
};
var extractedEvents = [null, null];
var EnterLeaveEventPlugin = {
eventTypes: eventTypes,
/**
* For almost every interaction we care about, there will be both a top-level
* `mouseover` and `mouseout` event that occurs. Only use `mouseout` so that
* we do not extract duplicate events. However, moving the mouse into the
* browser from outside will not fire a `mouseout` event. In this case, we use
* the `mouseover` top-level event.
*
* @param {string} topLevelType Record from `EventConstants`.
* @param {DOMEventTarget} topLevelTarget The listening component root node.
* @param {string} topLevelTargetID ID of `topLevelTarget`.
* @param {object} nativeEvent Native browser event.
* @return {*} An accumulation of synthetic events.
* @see {EventPluginHub.extractEvents}
*/
extractEvents: function(
topLevelType,
topLevelTarget,
topLevelTargetID,
nativeEvent) {
if (topLevelType === topLevelTypes.topMouseOver &&
(nativeEvent.relatedTarget || nativeEvent.fromElement)) {
return null;
}
if (topLevelType !== topLevelTypes.topMouseOut &&
topLevelType !== topLevelTypes.topMouseOver) {
// Must not be a mouse in or mouse out - ignoring.
return null;
}
var win;
if (topLevelTarget.window === topLevelTarget) {
// `topLevelTarget` is probably a window object.
win = topLevelTarget;
} else {
// TODO: Figure out why `ownerDocument` is sometimes undefined in IE8.
var doc = topLevelTarget.ownerDocument;
if (doc) {
win = doc.defaultView || doc.parentWindow;
} else {
win = window;
}
}
var from, to;
if (topLevelType === topLevelTypes.topMouseOut) {
from = topLevelTarget;
to =
getFirstReactDOM(nativeEvent.relatedTarget || nativeEvent.toElement) ||
win;
} else {
from = win;
to = topLevelTarget;
}
if (from === to) {
// Nothing pertains to our managed components.
return null;
}
var fromID = from ? ReactMount.getID(from) : '';
var toID = to ? ReactMount.getID(to) : '';
var leave = SyntheticMouseEvent.getPooled(
eventTypes.mouseLeave,
fromID,
nativeEvent
);
leave.type = 'mouseleave';
leave.target = from;
leave.relatedTarget = to;
var enter = SyntheticMouseEvent.getPooled(
eventTypes.mouseEnter,
toID,
nativeEvent
);
enter.type = 'mouseenter';
enter.target = to;
enter.relatedTarget = from;
EventPropagators.accumulateEnterLeaveDispatches(leave, enter, fromID, toID);
extractedEvents[0] = leave;
extractedEvents[1] = enter;
return extractedEvents;
}
};
module.exports = EnterLeaveEventPlugin;
|
Q:
Spring Security OAuth2 - Is it Possible to Change Table and Column Names?
I am working on building an OAuth2 enabled application using Spring Boot and Spring Security. Initially, I used the schema noted here. With that, I was able to get the application at least functioning. However, I would like to have the database objects named a little differently - specifically using PascalCase rather than underscores.
For example, instead of
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[oauth_client_details](
[client_id] [varchar](256) NOT NULL,
[resource_ids] [varchar](256) NULL,
[client_secret] [varchar](256) NULL,
[scope] [varchar](256) NULL,
[authorized_grant_types] [varchar](256) NULL,
[web_server_redirect_uri] [varchar](256) NULL,
[authorities] [varchar](256) NULL,
[access_token_validity] [int] NULL,
[refresh_token_validity] [int] NULL,
[additional_information] [varchar](4096) NULL,
[autoapprove] [varchar](256) NULL,
PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
(
[client_id] ASC
)
I would like to have:
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[OAuthClientDetails](
[ClientID] [nvarchar](256) NOT NULL,
[ResourceIDs] [nvarchar](256) NULL,
[ClientSecret] [nvarchar](256) NOT NULL,
[Scope] [nvarchar](256) NULL,
[AuthorizedGrantTypes] [nvarchar](256) NOT NULL,
[AccessTokenValidity] [int] NULL,
[RefreshTokenValidity] [int] NULL,
CONSTRAINT [PK_OAuthClientDetails] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
(
[ClientID] ASC
)
I am not positive how (or if it is possible) to override these expectations. For example, when I attempted to use the PascalCase database, it is still expecting the original naming style. I receive the following when requesting a token:
"message": "PreparedStatementCallback; bad SQL grammar [select client_id, client_secret, resource_ids, scope, authorized_grant_types, web_server_redirect_uri, authorities, access_token_validity, refresh_token_validity, additional_information, autoapprove from oauth_client_details where client_id = ?]; nested exception is com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerException: Invalid object name 'oauth_client_details'.",
"path": "/oauth/token"
My AuthServerConfig:
@EnableAuthorizationServer
@Configuration
public class AuthServerConfig extends AuthorizationServerConfigurerAdapter{
@Autowired
private TokenStore tokenStore;
@Autowired
private AccessTokenConverter converter;
private final AppConfig appConfig;
private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;
@Autowired
public AuthServerConfig(AuthenticationManager authenticationManager, AppConfig appConfig) {
this.authenticationManager = authenticationManager;
this.appConfig = appConfig;
}
@Override
public void configure(AuthorizationServerSecurityConfigurer security) throws Exception {
security.checkTokenAccess("permitAll()");
security.tokenKeyAccess("permitAll()");
}
@Override
public void configure(ClientDetailsServiceConfigurer configurer) throws Exception {
configurer.jdbc(appConfig.dataSource());
}
@Override
public void configure(AuthorizationServerEndpointsConfigurer endpoints) throws Exception {
TokenEnhancerChain enhancerChain = new TokenEnhancerChain();
endpoints.tokenStore(tokenStore)
.accessTokenConverter(converter)
.authenticationManager(authenticationManager);
}
@Bean
@Primary //Making this primary to avoid any accidental duplication with another token service instance of the same name
public DefaultTokenServices tokenServices() {
DefaultTokenServices defaultTokenServices = new DefaultTokenServices();
defaultTokenServices.setTokenStore(tokenStore);
defaultTokenServices.setSupportRefreshToken(true);
return defaultTokenServices;
}
My AppConfig class:
@Configuration
public class AppConfig {
@Value("${spring.datasource.url}")
private String datasourceUrl;
@Value("${spring.datasource.driverClassName}")
private String dbDriverClassName;
@Value("${spring.datasource.username}")
private String dbUsername;
@Value("${spring.datasource.password}")
private String dbPassword;
@Bean
public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
}
@Bean
public DataSource dataSource() {
final DriverManagerDataSource dataSource = new DriverManagerDataSource();
dataSource.setDriverClassName(dbDriverClassName);
dataSource.setUrl(datasourceUrl);
dataSource.setUsername(dbUsername);
dataSource.setPassword(dbPassword);
return dataSource;
}
// Reference: http://www.baeldung.com/spring-security-oauth-jwt
/* !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
** TODO
* Secure key file for deployment.
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! */
@Bean
public JwtAccessTokenConverter accessTokenConverter() {
JwtAccessTokenConverter converter = new JwtAccessTokenConverter();
KeyStoreKeyFactory keyStoreKeyFactory =
new KeyStoreKeyFactory(new ClassPathResource("mytest.jks"), "mypass".toCharArray());
converter.setKeyPair(keyStoreKeyFactory.getKeyPair("mytest"));
return converter;
}
@Bean
public TokenStore tokenStore() {
return new JwtTokenStore(accessTokenConverter());
}
According to the Spring Security OAuth Documentation:
NOTE: the schema for the JDBC service is not packaged with the library (because there are too many variations you might like to use in practice), but there is an example you can start from in the test code in github.
However, it does seem to make some assumptions about the structure. For example, I never explicitly "told" the application to use a table called o_auth_client_details.
Any guidance would be appreciated. Thanks.
A:
You can customize the JdbcClientDetailsService, see
setDeleteClientDetailsSql
setFindClientDetailsSql
setInsertClientDetailsSql
setSelectClientDetailsSql
setUpdateClientDetailsSql
setUpdateClientSecretSql
and add it to your configurer, see ClientDetailsServiceConfigurer#withClientDetails:
withClientDetails
public ClientDetailsServiceBuilder<?> withClientDetails(ClientDetailsService clientDetailsService) throws Exception
Your modified code:
@Override
public void configure(ClientDetailsServiceConfigurer configurer) throws Exception {
JdbcClientDetailsService clientDetailsService= new JdbcClientDetailsService(appConfig.dataSource());
clientDetailsService.setDeleteClientDetailsSql(myDeleteClientDetailsSql);
clientDetailsService.setFindClientDetailsSql(myFindClientDetailsSql);
clientDetailsService.setInsertClientDetailsSql(myInsertClientDetailsSql);
clientDetailsService.setInsertClientDetailsSql(myInsertClientDetailsSql);
clientDetailsService.setSelectClientDetailsSql(mySelectClientDetailsSql);
clientDetailsService.setUpdateClientDetailsSql(myUpdateClientDetailsSql);
clientDetailsService.setUpdateClientSecretSql(myUpdateClientSecretSql);
configurer.withClientDetails(clientDetailsService);
}
|
YOUR MAIN RESPONSIBILITIES:
Further development of our Pipes Web GUI
Development of a Web Admin GUI for supporting Info Automation, Performance Monitoring Tool and System Configuration
Development of a web-based GUI for our Logical Data Warehouse (LDW)
Bug fixing
WHAT YOU BRING TO US FROM THE PROFESSIONAL SIDE:
2+ years of experience in AngularJS, JQuery, TypeScript, and related technologies
Excellent knowledge of Java
Experience in Angular 2.x and 4.x
SQL experience
Practical knowledge of standard technologies for development, assembly (Maven) and versioning (SVN, Git)
NICE TO HAVES:
A depth understanding of data warehousing and internal operation principles of an RDBMS
Practical experience with different operating systems (Windows, Linux, macOS)
Experience in Scrum or similar agile development methodologies
University degree in Computer Science, Information Technology, Software Engineering or related field
WHAT YOU BRING TO US FROM THE PERSONAL SIDE: |
Q:
xstream errors for serializing & deserializing
I am using xStream in Java to serialize a java object from a java library and deserializing it at the customer's side.
I have several problems:
If I do it like this:
XStream xstream = new XStream();
xstream.setMode(XStream.ID_REFERENCES);
xstream.autodetectAnnotations(true);
Writer writer = new FileWriter(xmlFile);
writer.write(xstream.toXML(myObject));
writer.close();
=> serializing is OK but deserializing: Exception in thread "main" com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.StreamException: : only whitespace content allowed before start tag and not . (position: START_DOCUMENT seen .... @1:1)
if I do it like this:
XStream xstream = new XStream();
xstream.setMode(XStream.NO_REFERENCES);
xstream.autodetectAnnotations(true);
Writer writer = new FileWriter(xmlFile);
writer.write(xstream.toXML(myObject));
writer.close();
=> I got serialization problem: Exception in thread "main" com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.StreamException: : only whitespace content allowed before start tag and not . (position: START_DOCUMENT seen .... @1:1)
at com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.xml.XppReader.pullNextEvent(XppReader.java:78)
at com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.xml.AbstractPullReader.readRealEvent(AbstractPullReader.java:137)
at com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.xml.AbstractPullReader.readEvent(AbstractPullReader.java:130)
at com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.xml.AbstractPullReader.move(AbstractPullReader.java:109)
at com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.xml.AbstractPullReader.moveDown(AbstractPullReader.java:94)
at com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.xml.XppReader.<init>(XppReader.java:48)
at com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.xml.XppDriver.createReader(XppDriver.java:44)
at com.thoughtworks.xstream.XStream.fromXML(XStream.java:853)
at com.thoughtworks.xstream.XStream.fromXML(XStream.java:845)
With xml:
<Test.Platform id="1">
<TaskImpl id="1">
<model reference="2"/>
<name>process</name>
</TaskImpl>
</Test.Platform id="1">
So Any suggestion?
Thanks in advance.
A:
so the thing that is overlooked here is how you are reading in the file. you are using
XStream xstream = new XStream();
xstream.fromXML("model.xml");
Which is where the period(.) is coming from in the error. The method fromXML is expecting the actual XML input and not the file name. So when it parses your xml (which is "model.xml" not the actual xml) it is giving the error. The site for XStream is down right now so I can't link to the API
Use a FileReader/BufferedReader in order to get the contents of the XML back. Something like this should work
XStream instream = new XStream();
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("model.xml"));
StringBuffer buff = new StringBuffer();
String line;
while((line = br.readLine()) != null){
buff.append(line);
}
Platform p = (Platform)instream.fromXML(buff.toString());
P.S. I was able to duplicate the problem, and fix it with the above
|
Comparison of the efficiency of different newcastle disease virus reverse genetics systems.
Rescue of negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses ((-)ssRNA virus), generally requires the handling of a large number of plasmids to provide the virus genome and essential components for gene expression and genome replication. This constraint probably renders reverse genetics of (-)ssRNA virus more complex and less efficient. Some authors have shown that the fewer the plasmids, the more efficient reverse genetics is for segmented RNA virus. However, it is not clear if the same applies for (-)ssRNA, such as Newcastle disease virus (NDV). To address this issue, six variants of NDV reverse genetic systems were established by cloning combinations of NP, P and L genes, mini-genome or full-genome in 4, 3, 2 and 1 plasmid. In terms of mini-genome and full-genome rescue, we showed that only the 2-plasmid system, assembling three support plasmids together, was able to improve the rescue efficiency over that of the conventional 4-plasmid system. These results may help establish and/or improve reverse genetics for other mononegaviruses. |
The Goodman School of Business has its first-ever full-time dean, and he won’t need any help finding his way to the office.
Don Cyr has been interim Dean of Business at Brock for 16 months, and has now accepted an appointment as Dean of the Goodman School. The five-year appointment takes effect on July 1, and until then he will remain as interim dean.
Cyr was named interim Dean of Business in January 2012, and remained at the helm last October when the faculty was renamed the Goodman School of Business to honour the family of University Chancellor Ned Goodman, which gave a major gift to the school.
Cyr said he’s honoured to be inaugural Dean of the Goodman School, whose educational opportunities promote the success of businesses and not-for-profit organizations across the Niagara region.
“The Goodman School of Business is not just on the move, it has arrived,” said Cyr. It is one of the top 10 business schools in Canada with the largest number of co-op and service learning opportunities for business students in Canada. With close to 100 faculty members and more than 3,000 undergraduate and graduate students, it is a full range business school.
“Going forward, with the transformational gift provided by Mr. Goodman and family, we will build on our strengths of providing high quality, student-focused, innovative business education opportunities. A new facility in which to house our growing operations is a critical element of this strategy.”
The appointment was announced by Provost and Vice-President Academic Murray Knuttila, who said Cyr provides crucial leadership “to Brock, our students and our communities.”
“This is an important time in the Goodman School’s development,” said Knuttila. “Don has an established record of community-relevant and academically sound research and scholarship. He will be an excellent role model for the school.”
University President Jack Lightstone praised Cyr’s “wisdom, experience and commitment.”
“I am confident that under his leadership the School will advance and innovate in teaching, research and its impact on the economic development of the communities around us and beyond,” said Lightstone.
The school’s namesake also expressed his pleasure, with Chancellor Goodman saying, “I am thrilled that Don Cyr has accepted the position as Dean of the Goodman school of Business.”
Cyr came to Brock in 1995 as an associate professor of finance, teaching courses in corporate finance, international finance and investments. He also served as chair of the Department of Accounting and Finance in 2001 and the Faculty’s Associate Dean of Graduate Studies and Research from 2002 to 2009. He holds a Master of Business Administration (University of Saskatchewan), a master’s degree in Economics (University of Alberta) and a PhD in Finance (University of Alberta).
Throughout his career, he has received numerous teaching awards, authored many research articles in the area of finance, as well as several professional training programs for the investment industry. |
As a responsible business, and in line with the President’s announcement of the 21-day national lock-down, NICRO will be closing our physical office locations, with all employees working remotely from Friday 27 March.
NICRO is taking every precaution to ensure our business continues to run smoothly. We remain focused on continuing to provide a professional service to our clients.
Notwithstanding the above, issues with data connectivity and electricity supply will be out of our control and may delay our response time. However we will do everything in our power to ensure an uninterrupted service, and we appreciate your continued support in this unprecedented time. Should you have any queries kindly email us on
This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. |
Q:
Line Removal from .CSV via Batch Script
I have 80+ uniquely named .csv files I need to remove the first 17 lines from. I am new to writing batch scripts, but would like to use this opportunity to learn.
I have been able to make this sample code work for a single file when I rename a file to test.csv, but it would be preferred if there was a "Wild Card" for file name I could use.
@echo off
set "csv=test.csv"
more +17 "%csv%" >"%csv%.new"
move /y "%csv%.new" "%csv%" >nul
File itself is updated to NOT have the first 17 lines and renames named as it is started.
A:
try like this :
@echo off
for %%a in (*.csv) do (
more +17 "%%a" >"%%a.new"
move /y "%%a.new" "%%a" >nul
)
|
Cite as 2018 Ark. 22
SUPREME COURT OF ARKANSAS
No. CR-17-597
Opinion Delivered January 25, 2018
MARCHELLO PORTER
APPELLANT
PRO SE APPEAL FROM THE
V. FAULKNER COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
[NO. 23CR-15-586]
STATE OF ARKANSAS
APPELLEE HONORABLE CHARLES E. CLAWSON,
JR., JUDGE
AFFIRMED.
COURTNEY HUDSON GOODSON, Associate Justice
Appellant Marchello Porter filed a pro se petition for writ of habeas corpus in the
trial court. The petition challenged a judgment reflecting Porter’s conviction on a robbery
charge pursuant to a negotiated plea of nolo contendere under which he received 120
months’ imprisonment in the Arkansas Department of Correction, and the prosecution
nol-prossed a charge of third-degree battery. The trial court denied the habeas petition,
finding that Porter had not demonstrated that his conviction should be dismissed or that
he was being illegally detained, and Porter appealed. Because Porter established no basis
for postconviction relief, we affirm.
The habeas petition that Porter filed in the trial court specifically referenced Act
1780 of 2001 Acts of Arkansas, as amended by Act 2250 of 2005 and codified as Arkansas
Code Annotated sections 16-112-201 to -208 (Repl. 2016). Although the petition alleged
that there was scientific evidence to support Porter’s innocence, Porter did not identify any
scientific evidence for testing. Instead, Porter alleged prosecutorial misconduct in that the
prosecution had withheld a security videotape that showed Porter did not have the stolen
items when he left the scene of the crime. Porter contends that the videotape
demonstrated his innocence in that it showed he was not the individual who left the scene
of the crime with the stolen property.
In appeals of postconviction proceedings, this court will not reverse a circuit court’s
decision granting or denying postconviction relief unless it is clearly erroneous. Pankau v.
State, 2013 Ark. 162. A finding is clearly erroneous when, although there is evidence to
support it, the appellate court after reviewing the entire evidence is left with the definite
and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed. Id. The same standard of review
applies when a trial court denies scientific testing under Act 1780. Id.
Porter’s petition failed as one under Act 1780. The Act provides that a writ of
habeas corpus may be issued based on new scientific evidence proving a person actually
innocent of the offense for which he or she was convicted. Ark. Code Ann. § 16–112–
201. Porter identified no scientific evidence and did not request testing or identify any
testing to be performed.
Under the statute, when a petitioner fails to provide factual support for the claim
that there is scientific evidence that bears on his or her case, the petitioner has failed to
2
demonstrate that he or she is entitled to relief. Marshall v. State, 2017 Ark. 208, 521
S.W.3d 456. Arkansas Code Annotated section 16–112–202 requires that a petitioner
who requests relief and who seeks scientific testing to provide the basis for relief must
identify evidence for testing that meets specific criteria set out in the statute, and the
evidence identified must meet certain predicate requirements under the statutes. Id. If the
petitioner does not state the specific scientific evidence to be tested, then the petition is
wholly without merit under the statute. Id.
The trial court appeared to treat the petition as a request for habeas relief not under
Act 1780, in spite of Porter’s specific identification of the Act as his basis for relief. The
Act does not provide an opportunity for the petitioner to raise issues outside the purview
of the Act, and a petition under the Act does not serve as a substitute for the pursuit of
other remedies.1 Id. The trial court reached the correct result, even if it used the wrong
analysis, and we therefore affirm. Id.
Affirmed.
Marchello Porter, pro se appellant.
1
In his brief on appeal, Porter cites cases concerned with the issuance of a writ of
error coram nobis. Those cases are inapplicable because he did not request issuance of
that writ, and he proceeded in the trial court under Act 1780 alone. We do note that an
affidavit submitted with the information charging Porter with robbery alleged that co-
defendants took the property while Porter was beating the victim.
3
Leslie Rutledge, Att’y Gen., by: Pamela Rumpz, Ass’t Att’y Gen., for appellee.
4
|
Love Island star set to join Made in Chelsea - and it's not the one you think
by Ellie Henman |
David, who lives in the US with the couple’s two daughters, took to Michelle’s website to share an open letter with her fans following her spat with Perez Hilton (the annoying person EVER).
He wrote: “ [Michelle] will give every person in that house the chance to be who they are, whether or not they have another side of themselves that the public doesn’t like. But one thing Michelle is not: she is not a bully. She’s never been. How can she be when she’s proven her place as an advocate time and time again in the LGBT community?
DON'T MISS
[Watch* Magic Mike XXL's* first trailer](http://lifestyle.one/heat/news-real-life/real-life/magic-mike-xxl-new-trailer-released/)
[Nadia Sawalha regrets doing *Celebrity Big Brother*](http://lifestyle.one/heat/entertainment/tv-movies/celebrity-big-brother-s-nadia-sawalha-relying-family-help-return-normal-regrets-show/#.VNJBhaiRlug)
[Who killed Lucy Beale? Eastenders cast STILL don't know!](http://lifestyle.one/heat/celebrity/news/explore-video-cheryl-fernandez-versini-s-human-magical-retelling-shakira-s-whenever-wherever/#.VNJBpqiRlug)
[Cheryl's *Only Human: A* magical retelling of Shakira's Whenever, Wherever](http://lifestyle.one/heat/celebrity/news/explore-video-cheryl-fernandez-versini-s-human-magical-retelling-shakira-s-whenever-wherever/)
[Nicole Scherzinger and Lewis Hamilton SPLIT as he refuses to marry](http://lifestyle.one/heat/celebrity/news/nicole-scherzinger-lewis-hamilton-split-refuses-marry/#.VNJCVqiRlug)
[Jane Pountney's hubby breaks silence over Kieran/Jane affair](http://lifestyle.one/heat/celebrity/news/jane-pountney-s-husband-derrick-finally-breaks-silence-jane-s-affair-katie-price-s-husband-kieran-hayler/#.VNHxuqgfnGo)
“Which brings me to…Michelle said she’s representing those who don’t always have the same rights as everyone else. I’ve seen some say online that Michelle doesn’t represent them and doesn’t speak for that community. Michelle never said she speaks for the community. But I’m pretty sure that LGBT t-shirt she’s been wearing daily signifies her sincerity and support on the subject.”
David also went on to explain that despite what’s happened in the house, Michelle won’t have changed one bit.
“Whether you love her or hate her, Michelle’s exactly who she is,” he explained. “She will say everything that is on her mind and not hold back from telling anyone. Michelle walked into the CBB house one way and will sure as shit walk out the same way. Her drag is her confidence and her confidence her drag. It’s who she is and I love and admire that about her and I suspect you do too.”
David added: “I hope, UK, that you would be willing to take a chance on another American and make her the victor in this game called Celebrity Big Brother. You know she’ll make you proud.
“Sorry UK, these last words are for Michelle as she heads into this night’s troubling show and hopefully on to the finals: Be the Diva that you are, Wifey, show them your drag self, and I know you’ll walk out exactly the person that you went in as. I’m so happy for you, Hon, I’m bursting with pride!”
Oh, Dave. You're making us teary! To read David’s whole letter, click here.
Who do you think is going to win? We think Michelle has got a fighting chance!
Celebrity Big Brother January 2015 official line-up 2 of 61 Slide 2 of 62
Next: The Great British Bake Off winners: where are they now? Next Article
Previous Next |
I’ve FAILED…but is there a Plan B?
11 weeks ago I set out on a challenge to loose 18kg so I could join the Team Matilda Mae Skydive. I had no doubt that it would be extremely tough, but I never imagined the emotional turmoil that it would cause!
The Skydive is now less than 24 hours away. On Wednesday evening I started feeling ill. Food poisoning or gastroenteritis. By bedtime I had made very good friends with our bathroom. (I’ll leave the rest to your imagination and sorry for the mental images!) This went on for over 24 hours. In between I slept and felt really weak.
{Cue: Aww, poor thing! 😉 }
Diet Coke and a couple of Doritos were all I could get down. I reckon if Coke can make copper coins nice and shiny it can clean my guts of the nasties that are giving me the hassle.
We went to the emergency GP last night as I just couldn’t get rid of the sulphuric, rotten egg flavour. (I haven’t had eggs in a week.) He gave me some anti-nausea tablets and said to keep hydrated.
Keep hydrated: easier said than done! Water makes me throw up, fruit juice does too. I’m out of Coke. (Have sent Dadonthebrink for supplies.) My kidneys are like the Sahara and are stabbing me to get them some fluids to work with.
{Cue: Aww, poor thing! 😉 }
I’m weak and washed out and under doctors orders to take it easy.
Bummer! That’s the body failing me.
… but that was all just the sob story!
I actually REALLY have FAILED on my quest.
Last night, as we returned from the doctor’s, I broke my pledge not to step on the scales and weighed myself.
I’m 4kg off the Skydiving company’s weight limit, that’s without being fully clothed.
OK… there is a smallspace to cheer there.
{Cue: small cheer… don’t over do it though! ;-)}
I have lost 14 kg, which is 2 st 2.9lb in the past 11 weeks.
However, that is not enough with the skydiving company’s strict, safety-related, weight limits. Even if I was feeling fit and healthy, I’d still be letting Team Matilda Mae down.
Those who know me, know I tend to come up with a plan B if put on the spot. It’s no different this time.
Last night, driving to the GP, as I was feeling miserable and sorry for myself, I popped the question to Dadonthebrink: Can you please stand in for me if I don’t feel any better?
Dadonthebrink is doing what dads do best: he is stepping up and stepping in.
Through his actions Dadonthebrink is proving that we are a team, a team in parenting, a team in life’s ups and downs and a team through challenges. He’s the man who stands by me, puts up with my nuttiness, wipes my brow when I’m ill and takes on the challenges that I cannot.
I’m so proud of him! {Cue: Cheer!}
There will be 9 skydivers tomorrow falling from the sky
To remember the 9 precious months Matilda Mae has graced this Earth with her physical presence.
8 amazing Ladies
and 1 amazing Man
Now, us ladies are generally more vocal about our feelings, we have less cultural barriers put up and are able to express them more openly. Men don’t have this luxury. They are brought up with images of becoming the head of the family, the breadwinner, the strong one.
But what happens when a man’s world falls apart?
What happens when he looses a baby?
He stands by his wife and his family. He mourns in silence. He’s expected to be the shoulder to cry on. He carries a coffin that is feather light yet heavier than all the lead in the world.
Some dads do speak out when their world falls apart in one way or another, but it’s still rare.
So this token man of mine is falling from the sky to give a voice to the dads out there.
He’s stepping in, as dads do, when the going gets tough.
Please be generous and support him…seriously even £1 will make a difference, especially if you ask your friends to do it too.
{Cue: grab your mobile and text a donation! ;oP}
.
.
… as for me? You haven’t heard the end of my challenge. I’m still determined to do the skydive this year. I will be rebooking.
Maybe we can turn the tables and I can be the token woman in a team of 8 men? How about it dads out there?
Comments
Shut up have you failed!!!!! You signed up didnt you?!
You lost over 14kg didnt you?!!
How fudge diggery fudge fudge can you be viewing that as a fail, woman?!
OK so you are not jumping tomorrow but you will. One day. And when you do, Mr Barrow would love to do it with you (he pinky promised me he would do it this weekend but it was too short notice)
So now I am going stare at you whilst you write out 100 times “I am not a failure”.
And in the meantime, flat room temperature 7-UP is THE best thing EVER after a bout of sickness. Told to me by a very wise Indian doctor when I was in Saudi. It has all the salts and sugars in it you need and is easier to keep down than water.
But must be flat (leave lid off for an hour or two) and room temperature. Cold is too big a shock to the stomach.
Thank you! Failure comes from the fact of not reaching the goal, the target I took on. I do cheer myself for what I have achieved, but it just want enough.
I look forward to bring greatly supportive ground crew with you this time and Mr B’s company on the next flight.
Not a failure, a fab achievement. And you’ve done so much to raise profile of the jump too. Don’t be so hard on yourself. And hope you feel better soon.liveotherwise recently posted…Read 52: Unbored – review and giveaway.
You certainly didn’t fail my love, you’ve been so brave and did amazing. Look how much you’ve lost. Be proud, I know I am. Thinking of Dadonthebrink, what a guy. Love to you all xSusan Mann recently posted…Baby Products I Love For The Next Stage
I know it must be so frustrating not to meet your goal especially as you feel you have let people down but look at the positive,you have lost over 2 st,Woh ! I would love to do that ,I have been trying to loose weight so I know how hard loosing that amount of weight is. Your body has called a halt for some reason and you have to listen to it. I agree with the flat 7 up it is the best thing please do not keep drinking coke it really won’t help. I love coke myself but I know it’s not good for you.
With hubby stepping in for you he has made this jump not all about mums and you have just highlighted how fathers grieve equally upon the loss of a child. So maybe this was meant to happen and when you’re well again I have no doubt you will loose the rest of your weight just stop being so hard on yourself and send that diet over to me, I need it.Anne Mackle recently posted…A Little TLC.
You have not failed!!!! You are bloomin amazing to have been dedicated this for so long. I hope you get better very soon. Well done to DadOntheBrink for doing the sky dive today. Hugs to you all!!Notmyyearoff recently posted…Dearest Toddler – 2 Years and 7 Months
I’m so proud of you for having lost such a huge amount of weight in such a short time, you absolute wonder woman! And do you know what? I actually think this has worked out well because now he represents David and that is such an important thing to remember!
Wow, this has just made me cry a little. Your hubby is an amazing man. “Hey, would you mind jumping out of a plane for me?” is a bit different from “would you mind putting the bins out?”! And you definitely haven’t failed. You couldn’t help getting sick and you should be very proud of your weight loss. Just think of you and your husband as a team and Team On The Brink definitely hasn’t failed. I shall be thinking of you all today xxxPhotoPuddle recently posted…‘Lifestyle Beach Hut’ by brent.darby
That was one hell of a challenge and you have done so well. Losing over 2 stone is not a failure! Hope the skydive goes well for Dadonthebrink and looking forward to hearing about yours later on in the year. I reckon I can get the bloke involved!Bex @ the Mummy Adventure recently posted…5 Months In
Well done you! You’re well on the way to achieving your target and if you’ve had the willpower to make it this far, you’re sure to get there in the end. Ironically, you’ll probably find that by the end of this vile bug, you’ll have lost a bit more. So no thoughts of failure – just keep strong and good luck to your hubby for the sky dive!SquareSparrow recently posted…Why go away when there’s so much to enjoy at home? |
Q:
Reverse cells in a table row in html
I want to reverse the order of row cells in an HTML table with HTML attributes or CSS.
I've found 'reversed' attribute but it's only for HTML lists and reverses only list's counting.
[table]
[row]
[cell 1] [cell 2] [cell 3] [cell 4]
[/row]
[/table]
...applying reversal....
[table]
[row]
[cell 4] [cell 3] [cell 2] [cell 1]
[/row]
[/table]
A:
You can abuse the direction property to get this effect:
<table>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td></tr>
<tr><td>3</td><td>4</td></tr>
</table>
<br>
<table style="direction:rtl">
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td></tr>
<tr><td>3</td><td>4</td></tr>
</table>
|
Before this Court are the parties' cross motions for summary judgment. Raymond Weil moves for judgment in its favor on its claim for breach of contract. Theron and Denver & Delilah Films move for summary judgment dismissing all the claims asserted against them.
Both motions are granted in part and denied in part.
I. Background
Unless otherwise indicated, the following facts are undisputed.
A. The Parties
1. Plaintiff Raymond Weil
Raymond Weil ("RW") is a Swiss corporation, with its general place of business in Geneva, Switzerland. It manufactures and sells high-end luxury watches in countries around the globe. (Pl.'s Rule 56.1 Statement ¶ 1; Eilender Decl. Ex. A (hereinafter "Compl." ¶ 2)).
2. Defendant Charlize Theron
3. Defendant Denver & Delilah Films, Inc.
Denver and Delilah Films ("DDF") is a California corporation owned and operated by Theron. (Defs.' Resp. to Pl.'s Rule 56.1 Statement ¶ 3). It acts as both a film production company and a so-called "loanout" corporation. A loan-out corporation enters into agreements whereby Theron (the "Artist") renders services of various kinds to third-parties (i.e. is "loaned out" to them). (Defs.' Rule 56.1 Statement. ¶¶ 3, 4.)
B. The Agreement
On or about May 17, 2005, Raymond Weil entered into an agreement (the "Agreement") with DDF, whereby RW agreed to pay to DDF three million dollars in exchange for the use of Theron's image in a world-wide print media advertising campaign for Raymond Weil's "Shine" watch collection. (Pl.'s Rule 56.1 Statement. ¶ 4).
For our purposes, the relevant provisions of the Agreement are as follows:
Paragraph 8. ExclusivityAs of the signing of this Agreement, Artist [Theron] commits not to wear publicly any other watches other than RW watches during the Term. Additionally, Artist hereby agrees that during the Term she shall not endorse or advertise watches or jewelry for any other person, entity or company. Furthermore, Artist agrees that she will not endorse or advertise watches or jewelry for any other person, entity or company, including for charity....Notwithstanding the foregoing, RW acknowledges and agrees that Artist is permitted to wear jewelry of her choice in public and to awards shows during the Term.Additionally, Artist may be asked to wear non-RW watches as part of her performance in a feature film and/or television show and that such action by Artist shall not be deemed a breach by Artist, provided however, no merchandising or commercial tie-in campaign shall be allowed in connection with non-RW watches utilizing her name, voice and/or likeness in connection with such film or television show that is released and/or broadcast during the Term.This contract does not prevent RW for [sic] using other artists or celebrities to endorse its products. However, RW agrees that Artist shall be the sole female artist to endorse RW during the Term in Europe and the United States. (Eilender Decl. Ex. F. (hereinafter the "Agreement") ¶ 8.)
In the event of a breach of the Agreement by either party, the Agreement provides that:
No party shall have the right to terminate this Agreement or sue for breach of this Agreement until it gives written notice of the alleged breach to the other party and a period of five (5) business days (in the country wherein the breach occurred) to cure the breach and such period elapses period elapses without such cure, unless the breach is of such a nature that it cannot be cured. In that case, termination or suit may proceed immediately.... (Id. ¶ 16.)
The term of Agreement ran from the date of the "publication of the October 2005 issue of major print media through December 31, 2006." (Id. ¶ 1.) The parties had a mutual option to renew the Agreement on the same terms and conditions for an additional fifteen months—that is, either party could elect to renew, and if the other party agreed, the term of the Agreement would be extended for an additional fifteen months. (Id. ¶ 6.) If the parties did not both agree to renew on the same terms and conditions, the Agreement would expire at the end of 2006.
The Agreement contained a very limited non-compete. If RW offered to renew on the same terms and conditions but Theron declined, then Theron agreed not to endorse or advertise any brand of watch, and any watches or jewelry produced by an enumerated list of high-end watch brands, for a period of for one year, or until the end of 2007. (Id.)
The Agreement was signed by both parties. Theron signed the document "On behalf of Denver & Delilah Films (Artist)." Olivier Bernheim ("Bernheim"), Raymond Weil's CEO, signed "On behalf of Raymond Weil (RW)."
Neither party sought to exercise the extension option under the Agreement. Instead, the parties opened negations in the spring of 2006 about terms for a new agreement. (Drescher Aff. Ex. 5 (hereinafter "Rush Dep.") at 90:1-18.) According to Bernheim, RW did not seek to extend the terms of the old deal because there were terms RW wanted to modify if it went forward with Theron. (Drescher Decl. Ex. 52 (hereinafter "Bernheim Dep.") at 182:11-18.) However, negotiations broke off in August 2006 and no new deal was signed. (Rush Dep. at 92:19-23.)
The original Agreement was allowed to expire on December 31, 2006.
Since RW had not sought to extend the Agreement, Theron's one year non-compete was never triggered.
II. The Instant Action
RW sued Theron and DDF (collectively, "Defendants") on February 5, 2007, well after the Agreement had expired by its terms. It alleged that Theron had breached the agreement on several occasions during its term, and that Defendants had fraudulently induced RW to enter into the Agreement in the first place. RW sought to recover all sums previously paid to Theron under the Agreement, as well as all monies expended by RW for the Shine watch advertising campaign, all monies paid to Defendants by competing manufacturers to promote their products, and such other damages as may appropriately be awarded in a case of this nature. (Compl.¶ 30.)
Defendants filed an answer denying the allegations in the complaint and asserting eleven boilerplate affirmative defenses like failure to state a claim, improper venue, and laches. (Eilender Decl. Ex. B (hereinafter "Answer").)
A. Alleged Breaches of the Agreement
In the Complaint, Plaintiff alleged four instances of breach of the Agreement. RW has since abandoned two of the four: Theron's posing with faux canary diamond earrings for a J'adore Dior Perfume advertisement, and her wearing a dog-tag type necklace for the ALDO Fights AIDS Campaign. (Pl.'s Opp'n. Mem. at 14.) The other two alleged instances of breach are described more fully below.
1. The Montblanc Incident
Montblanc sells luxury goods, primarily writing instruments, but also watches, leather goods and, more recently, women's jewelry. (Eilender Decl. Ex. V (hereinafter "Bostel Dep.") at 6:7-15.) In the fall of 2006, Montblanc launched a line of silver jewelry. (Id. at 18:13-22.) As a promotional device for this launch, Montblanc partnered with the Entertainment Industry Foundation ("EIF"), a charity. EIF promised to secure the participation of a celebrity to be part of Montblanc's advertising campaign, in exchange for a donation to EIF from Montblanc. (Id. at 11:13-12:11.) Theron agreed to appear in a promotional piece for EIF, which would identify Montblanc as the sponsor. (Defs.' Rule 56.1 Statement ¶ 26; Bostel Dep. at 12:19-13:14.) In exchange, Montblanc agreed to pay EIF two-hundred and fifty thousand dollars. (Bostel Dep. at 12:12-16.) This agreement was never reduced to writing. (Id. at 77:12-78:19.) Nonetheless, Theron participated in a photo shoot with the purpose of creating an image for the venture. (Id. at 38:19-21.)
After looking at test Polaroid photographs of Theron wearing a Montblanc necklace during the photo shoot, Montblanc decided to photograph the actress without jewelry and then later superimpose a necklace, believing that this would produce this most in-focus image of both Theron and the Montblanc necklace. (Id. at 50:11-51:8.) The finished product was incorporated into an approximately fourteen foot high poster. (Id. at 85:7-8.)
Montblanc believed that it had received permission through EIF to display that poster of Theron with the Montblanc necklace draped over her forearm at the 2006 Salon International de La Haute Horlogerie ("SIHH") in Switzerland. (Id. at 74:11-75:23.) The SIHH is a prestigious watch and jewelry trade show and exhibition, lasting six days, at which a select number of jewelers and watch makers display their new products. (Id. at 66:24-67:15.) From about April 3, 2006 to April 5, 2006, the poster was hanging up at the Montblanc booth. (Defs.' Rule 56.1 Statement ¶ 30.) According to Montblanc, the image was only displayed inside booth, such that it was not visible to visitors passing by and was exposed only in one key entrance area. (Eilender Deck Ex. N, E-mail from Bostel to EIF employee Judi Ketch.) Nonetheless, the poster was up and people at the SIHH undoubtedly saw it.
After the poster had been on display for about two or three days, RW notified DDF that defendants were in breach of paragraph 8 of the Agreement. (Rush Opp'n. Decl. ¶¶ 37-41.) DDF immediately mobilized its lawyers, who persuaded Montblanc to take the poster down. (Id.) The poster was removed sometime between fourteen and thirty-six hours later—within the five day cure period provided for in the Agreement. (Defs,' Rule 56.1 Statement ¶ 31; Bernheim Dep. at 332:3-10.)
As far as the court knows, RW made no effort to terminate the Agreement once the poster was removed.
2. The South by Southwest Film Conference and Festival
On March 14, 2006, Theron attended a screening of East of Havana, a documentary film Ms. Theron produced through DDF, at the South by Southwest Film Festival ("SXSW"), an annual, regional film festival held in Austin, Texas. (Defs.' Rule 56.1 Stmt. ¶ 38.) Theron, together with the producers of other films featured at the festival, participated in a panel discussion before an audience that included members of the public and professional photographers. (Eilender Decl. Exhibit X (hereinafter "Kerver Dep.") at 23:22-24:3). Theron wore a Christian Dior ("Dior") watch to the press conference (Id. ¶ 40; Pl.'s Rule 56.1 Stmt ¶ 19.)—a decision she now calls "regrettable." (Drescher Aff. Ex. 4 (hereinafter "Theron Dep.") 83:10-13.)
Theron is one of the world's most beautiful women—she has even been named "The Sexiest Woman Alive" by Esquire Magazine—and many photographs were taken of her during the press conference. (Eilender Decl. Ex. AA.) Some of those photographs showed Theron wearing the Dior watch, and some of those photos were posted to a website called "Wireimage"—essentially a clearing house for professional photographers (Kerver Dep. at 51:2-13,) When someone sees an image on Wireimage that he wants to use, he downloads it and pays a fee, which is split between the photographer and the proprietors of Wireimage. (Id. at 51:14-56:7.) Once a photographer has uploaded an image to Wireimage, she does not control, or necessarily even know, who will subsequently use the image or how. (Id. at 51:2-13.) The celebrity depicted apparently knows even less.
One of several third parties to download the image of Theron wearing the Dior watch was LVMH Watch and Jewelry USA, another maker of luxury goods and the owner of Dior watches. (Id. at 55:18-23,) LVMH submitted the image to Tourneau LLC "Tourneau," a prominent retailer and manufacturer of high end watches. (Eilender Decl. Ex. T, E-mail chain between LVMH employee Stephanie Cranston and Tourneau Marketing Coordinator Sandy Madera). Tourneau is among the leading retailers of almost every brand of watch it carries based upon annual volume (Eilender Decl. Ex. Y (hereinafter "Block Dep") at 4:19-22; 5:7-9.) Tourneau carries both RW and Dior watches in its inventory. (Id. 5:10-14.)
Tourneau publishes an in-store annual called the Tourneau Times, which is mailed to about one hundred thousand, high-spending Tourneau customers and is made available free of charge in Tourneau retail locations. (Id. 5:18-24; 95:11-20 (attached as Ex. 13 to Drescher Aff.).) The October 2006 Tourneau Times ran a photograph taken at the SXSW Festival depicting Theron wearing the Christian Dior watch on her wrist, (Def. Rule 56.1 Stmt. ¶ 43.) The photograph of Theron in the Dior watch appeared on page fifteen of the publication in the "Star Watch" section, over a caption that reads, "Charlize Theron wears Dior." (Id.) RW became aware of the image of Theron in the Tourneau Times in November of 2006. (Bernheim Dep. 86:20-22.)
In the same issue of the Ton rneau Times RW ran an advertisement RW Shine watches featuring the model Telma Thormasdittor. At the time the magazine appeared, DDF claims it had not relaxed the prohibition against RW's use of other female artists in print advertising, although it had granted RW permission to use other female artists in certain indoor and outdoor durable transparency or "duratrans" advertising. (Rush Decl. Ex. 29, E-mail from RW affiliate employee Gil Ozir to Gretchen Bruggeman Rush; Ex. 30 E-mail From Gretchen Bruggeman Rush to Gil Ozir.) Thus, the use of the photographs of Thelma Thormasdittor is at least arguably a breach of RW's covenant not to use any other female artists to endorse its products in Europe and the United States during the term of the Agreement. However, Defendants have not asserted' a counterclaim to this effect.
3. Other Alleged Breaches of the Agreement
RW alleged in its Complaint that other instances of breach might come to light during discovery. (Compl.¶ 21.) RW did not move for leave to amend its pleading to assert other breaches by defendants, but did insert three other alleged instances of breach into the Joint Pre—Trial Order.
i. Chopard
Theron, on behalf of DDF, entered into a contract with Mylestone Promotion Limited, as an agent for Chopard, to wear Chopard Jewelry to the 2006 British Academy of Film and Television Arts ("BATA") Awards and the 2006 Academy Awards. (Eilender Opp'n. Decl., Ex. II, contract between Mylestone Promotion Limited and DDF (hereinafter the "Chopard Contract").) Under the Chopard Contract, Theron undertook to wear at least two pieces of Chopard jewelry of her choosing out of specified combinations (e.g. an earring and necklace pairing or earrings and bracelet etc.) to each award show. (Id. ¶ 3.) A Chopard watch was not among the items Theron could choose to wear under the contract. Theron was to be paid $50,000 for wearing the jewels to the BAFTA Awards and $200,000 for the Academy Awards. (Id. ¶ 10.) Chopard and DDF also agreed that:
In the event that Miss Theron wears Chopard Jewelry to such appearance, the parties agree that all photographs taken of Miss Theron at the BAFTA Appearance and The Academy Awards Appearance, as applicable and subject to Chopard's obtaining all third party authorization and/or clearance, may be used for a period of up to twelve (12) months following each respective appearance for editorial purposes only on a worldwide basis, in the print media and in connection with Chopard's own information magazine "Happy News." (Id. ¶ 4) (emphasis added).
Theron wore Chopard jewels to both the BAFTA and the Academy Awards. In April 2006 attorneys for Theron discovered that photos of Theron had been posted on the Chopard website. (Eilender Opp'n. Decl. Ex. JJ, E-mail chain between Chopard employee Caroline Schreiber and Gretchen Bruggeman Rush.) Theron's attorney's requested that Chopard removed the photos as an unauthorized use of Theron's name and likeness. Chopard complied. (Id.)
ii. Cartier
Theron wore Cartier diamond stud earrings and a flower cuff bracelet to the 2006 Golden Globe Awards. (Eilender Opp'n. Decl. Ex. KK (hereinafter "Borchers Dep.") at 32:17-20.) Theron was loaned the pieces, which were then returned to the Cartier Museum following the event. (Id. 35:7-9.) She did not wear a Cartier watch.
Theron was not paid for wearing the Cartier jewels. However, she has previously received valuable Cartier pieces as gifts from the company. (Id. 22:10-13.) A Cartier employee testified that Theron has received a $35,000 ring, a $7,500 bracelet and 000 earrings as past "tokens of appreciation." (Id. 23:11-13; 23:19-23, 24:19-22.)
iii. Breil Milano
In June 2007, well after the expiration of the Agreement, DDF entered into an endorsement contract with Binda Italia, pursuant to which it agreed that Theron would promote Breil Milano brand watches and jewelry. (Def. Rule 56.1 Stmt. ¶ 49.) RW contends that this, too, breached the Agreement.
B. Fraud
In addition to breach of contract, RW also charged fraud in the inducement in its Complaint, alleging that:
Upon information and belief, at the time the defendants signed the agreement they knew but did not reveal to the plaintiffs that CT [Theron] had committed to others to promote their products, including Dior, or would accept offers to promote such products.At the time the defendants induced plaintiffs to enter the agreement and pay the defendants substantial sums of money, the defendants knew that CT would promote other watches, had no intention of complying with the terms of the agreement with plaintiffs, and was simply making representations to the plaintiffs in order to have them pay her substantial sums of money.Had plaintiffs known of CT's other commitments with competing manufacturers, and that CT would not honor the exclusivity clause of the agreement, they would not have paid her any money; would not have spent millions of dollars on an advertising campaign to promote her image with plaintiff's goods; and would not have entered into an agreement with the defendants.By reason of defendants' fraud and misrepresentations to the plaintiffs, plaintiffs were induced to enter into the purported exclusive agreement with the defendants which provided for substantial penalties if the plaintiffs breached the agreement. (Compl. ¶¶ 32-35.)
DISCUSSION
As noted above, RW now moves for partial summary judgment on its breach of contract claim and Defendants move for summary judgment on RW's claims for breach of contract and for fraud. Defendants also move to strike the expert reports submitted by RW on the issue of damages for breach of contract, while RW moves to dismiss most of the boilerplate affirmative defenses inserted into the answer by Defendants.
I. Standard of Review
Under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 56(c), summary judgment is properly granted when "the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." FED. R. CIV. P. 56(c). See Celotex Corp. v. Catrett,477 U.S. 317, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). The language of the rule "mandates the entry of summary judgment, after adequate time for discovery and upon motion, against a party who fails to make a showing sufficient to establish the existence of an element essential to that party's case, and on which that party will bear the burden of proof at trial." Id. at 322, 106 S.Ct. 2548. It is apparent that in such a situation "there can be no genuine issue as to any material fact, since a complete failure of proof concerning an essential element of the nonmoving party's case necessarily renders all other facts immaterial." Id. at 317, 106 S.Ct. 2548.
In addressing a motion for summary judgment, "the court must view the evidence in the light most favorable to the party against whom summary judgment is sought and must draw all reasonable inferences in [its] favor." Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. Ltd. v. Zenith Radio Corp.,475 U.S. 574, 587, 106 S.Ct. 1348, 89 L.Ed.2d 538 (1986) (internal quotations omitted). It is the task of the court "not to resolve issues of fact but only to determine whether there are issues to be tried." Balderman v. United States Veterans Admin.,870 F.2d 57, 60 (2d Cir.1989).
Since this Court's jurisdiction is based on the diversity of the parties, New York State substantive law applies. See, e.g., DeWeerth v. Baldinger,38 F.3d 1266, 1272 (2d Cir.1994).
II. Plaintiffs Fraud Claim is Dismissed
RW asserts a claim for fraudulent inducement in its complaint. This claim fails as a matter of law and for lack of any evidence to support it. Defendants' motion for summary judgment dismissing it is granted.
To establish fraud under New York law, "a plaintiff must show that (1) the defendant made a material false representation, (2) the defendant intended to defraud the plaintiff thereby, and (3) the plaintiff reasonably relied upon the representation, and (4) the plaintiff suffered damage as a result of such reliance." Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc. v. Recovery Credit Servs.,98 F.3d 13, 19 (2d Cir.1996), quoting Banque Arabe et Internationale D'Investissement v. Maryland Nat'l Bank,57 F.3d 146, 153 (2d Cir.1995). In a breach of contract claim, which also alleges fraud "a plaintiff must either: (i) demonstrate a legal duty separate from the duty to perform under the contract; or (ii) demonstrate a fraudulent misrepresentation collateral or extraneous to the contract." (Id. at 20) (internal citations omitted). There is no suggestion that Theron had any legal duty to RW separate from her duty under the Agreement. Rather, RW argues that Defendants made a fraudulent misrepresentation about one of two things—Theron's intent to abide by the terms of the Agreement or her existing relationships with other jewelry and watch manufacturers—in order to induce RW to enter into the Agreement in the first place; either contention saves the claim.
It is well settled that a claim for fraud that merely alleges an undisclosed intention from the outset of an agreement not to comply with its terms is insufficient as a matter of law. See generally Papa's-June Music, Inc. v. McLean,921 F.Supp. 1154, 1162 (S.D.N.Y.1996); McKernin v. Fanny Farmer Candy Shops, Inc.,176 A.D.2d 233, 234, 574 N.Y.S.2d 58, 59 (N.Y.App.Div.1991); Trell v. Am. Assoc. for the Advancement of Sci., No. 04-0030E(SR), 2007 WL 1500497, at *7 (W.D.N.Y. May 21, 2007.) RW cannot, with a naked assertion that Defendants "`had no intention of complying with the terms of the agreement with plaintiffs,'" shoehorn a claim of fraud into a basic breach of contract dispute. (Compl. ¶ 33.)
RW offers not a scintilla of evidence to support its barebones allegation in the complaint that Defendants misrepresented or concealed some pre-existing arrangement between Theron and one or more of RW's competitors. Therefore, that cannot possibly serve as the basis for a fraudulent inducement claim.
No doubt recognizing the deficiency of its fraud claim, RW does not even attempt to rebut the arguments made by Defendants in support of its motion for summary judgment in its favor.
Summary judgment is granted for Defendants on RW's second claim for relief for fraud.
III. Plaintiff's Breach of Contract Claim Is Dismissed only in Part
A. Theron's Motion for Summary Judgment Dismissing her as a Party is Denied.
The parties dispute whether Theron was properly named a party defendant in this lawsuit. Defendants argue that the only contracting party was DDF, and that Theron signed the Agreement with RW solely in her capacity as an agent of DDF, not in her own right. (Defs.' Mem. of Law. at 13.) They urge that it was not possible for Theron to breach the contract, and they move for summary judgment dismissing her as a party defendant on those claims. (Id.)
Under New York law, "an agent signing an agreement on his principal's behalf, will not be found personally liable under the terms of the agreement unless there is a clear and explicit evidence of the agent's intention to substitute or superadd his personal liability for, or to, that of his principal." Mason Tenders Dist. Council Welfare Fund v. Thomasen Constr. Co.,164 F.Supp.2d 379, 381 (S.D.N.Y.2001) (quoting Lerner v. Amalgamated Clothing & Textile Workers Union,938 F.2d 2, 5 (2d Cir.1991)). To determine whether an agent signing on behalf of a corporation will nonetheless be found personally liable, New York courts and other courts in this Circuit applying New York law, have considered various iterations of the following factors: (1) the length of the contract; (2) the placement of the liability clause relative to the signature line; (3) the appearance of the signatory's name in the agreement itself; (4) the nature of the negotiation that surrounded the contract; and (5) the signatory's role in the company. Id.; Paribas Prop., Inc. v. Benson,146 A.D.2d 522, 525-26, 536 N.Y.S.2d 1007 (1989); Cement and Concrete Workers Dist. Council v. Lollo,35 F.3d 29, 35 (2d Cir.2001).
In Porter v. Property Damage Control Group, PDC, construction corporation entered into a contract with homeowners to do construction work on their house. No. 03 CV 5972, 2007 WL 2907403 at *9 (E.D.N.Y., Sept. 28, 2007). The court agreed with the magistrate's recommendation that, Roberts—the president and sole shareholder of the construction corporation—be found individually liable under the contract, in spite of the fact that he had signed the contract only in his capacity as "President/Owner" of PDC and that he had testified he "did not intend to bind himself personally." Id. (emphasis added). In making its determination the court considered that Roberts, as the President and sole shareholder, holds a "pivotal role" in PDC; that the contract identified Roberts as a party on its first page "as opposed to providing a boilerplate clause that the officer signing on the corporation's behalf was personally bound;" Roberts was involved in the contract negotiating process; and the length of the contract was relatively short. Id.
Similarly, despite Theron's contention that she did not intend to become personally bound by the Agreement, this is patently not a situation where "a single sentence in a lengthy contract created a trap for an unwary agent" warranting against the possibility of individual liability. Paribas, 146 A.D.2d at 525, 536 N.Y.S.2d 1007. Applying the factors discussed above, it is obvious that Theron cannot be dismissed as a defendant on the breach of contract claim. She was not an unwary agent signing on behalf of a principal, but the very object of the Agreement agreeing (albeit through the medium of a personal services corporation) to lend HER celebrity to RW. Theron is the owner of DDF and therefore exercise considerable control over its corporate decisions. The agreement was only ten pages long, and Theron marked every page with her initials. Indeed, Theron even testified that she personally participated in the negotiations for the contract. (Theron Dep. at 40:13-21.)
Additionally, the title of the Agreement is "Denver & Delilah Films, Inc. (Lender) for the Services of Charlize Theron (Artist) 2005-2006 Agreement with Raymond Weil (RW)" (Agreement at title line) and the only services under the Agreement are to be provided by "Artist" (Theron). (Id. ¶¶ 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 16, 17, 20.) At the end of the Agreement, just above the signature block, it states, "[t]his agreement shall bind and inure to the benefit of Artist[Theron]." (Id. ¶ 20.) While this language is comparable to language described as "boilerplate" in Porter1, it is not in view of the signature block itself. Theron signed "on behalf of Denver & Delilah Films (Artist)." That is, she signed of behalf of both the corporation and herself individually, not just in her capacity as president of the corporation. Her signature is not followed by the addition of any corporate title. The conclusion is inescapable that the parties intended Theron to be bound personally and that she signed the Agreement in both her corporate and personal capacities.
Theron's motion for summary judgment dismissing her as a party defendant (at least on the breach of contract claim) is denied.
B. Defendants' Motion for Summary Judgment as to the Montblanc Incident is Granted
The display of the poster of Theron holding the Montblanc necklace at the SIHH, a prestigious watch and jewelry trade show, constituted a breach of the Agreement between RW, Theron and DDF. While the parties dispute exactly what Theron knew about the final image used in the poster, it is clear from the record that Theron loaned her image to a purpose that was forbidden under the Agreement—to promote and advertise Montblanc silver jewelry. The fact that the image was to be used for charitable purposes does not excuse Defendants' breach, because paragraph 8 of the Agreement specifically states that Theron will not "endorse or advertise watches or jewelry for any other person, entity or company, including for charity" during the term of the Agreement. (Agreement ¶ 8) (emphasis added).
However, the Agreement permitted a breaching party to cure within five days and the breach—the public display of the poster with Theron's image and the necklace at an event promoting Montblanc products—was, in fact, remediated within five days after RW notified DDF of the breach. Therefore, RW's claim for breach of contract on this score must be dismissed.
The contract provides thatNo party shall have the right to terminate the Agreement or sue for breach of this Agreement until it gives written notice of the alleged breach to the either party and a period of five (5) business days (in the country where the breach occurred) to cure the breach and such period elapses without such cure, unless the breach is of such a nature that it cannot be cured. In that case, termination or suit may proceed immediately. (Agreement ¶ 16.)
The point of drafting a contract with a cure period provision is to allow the parties, in the event of breach, to correct their course and maintain the promises in their contract. "The concept of cure is grounded in the belief that protecting expectations while avoiding waste is, or should be, a primary goal of contract damages. The basis for the cure concept stems from the notion that our remedial system encourages parties to enter contracts by giving damages based on the benefit of the bargain for disappointed expectations, than rather than trying to deter contract breaches through compulsion or punishment." William H. Lawrence, Cure after Breach of Contract Under the Restatement (Second) of Contracts: An Analytical Comparison with the Commercial Code, 70 Minn. L.Rev. 713, 727 (1986) (internal quotations and citations omitted).
RW argues that the cure provision is irrelevant, because the breach was of the incurable variety. It notes that the people who saw the poster while it was hanging cannot "un-see it." (Pl.'s Opp'n. Mem. at 20.) RW misidentifies the breach. It is not the act of viewing the poster by third parties that constitutes the breach—third parties are not bound by the Agreement and so cannot breach it. It is, rather, Theron's participation in Montblanc's advertising campaign and charitable promotion that breaches the contract. That breach is perfectly curable, as demonstrated by the fact that the breach was cured: the poster was taken down. This satisfied RW at the time; Bernheim, the company's CEO, testified at his deposition that he considered the removal of the Montblanc poster to be an adequate cure of the breach. (Bernheim Dep. at 351:11-352:1.) In view of Bernheim's admission, it is difficult to see why RW persists in arguing that Theron's breach is actionable. It is not.
Defendants' cross motion for summary judgment dismissing the breach of contract claim insofar as it is predicated on the Montblanc incident is granted. RW's motion for summary judgment on this issue is denied.
C. Plaintiffs Motion for Summary Judgment as to the Dior Watch Incident Is Granted in Part
By wearing a Christian Dior watch at a film festival, Theron breached her covenant not to "wear publicly any other watches other than RW." Theron recognizes as much, calling her decision to wear the watch "regrettable." It was more than "regrettable;" it was a clear breach of the Agreement.
Defendants' contention that Theron only wore the Dior watch for "about one hour of the fifteen month contract term" (Def.Opp'n.Mem. p. 17) is an obvious effort to render the breach immaterial. But clearly it was not: Theron was photographed wearing the watch; the photographs ended up on the Internet, where they were sold to a competitor of RW, which made sure that they were used to promote its products. Since the essence of the contract is Theron's agreeing to represent RW exclusively during the term of the Agreement, a breach, however fleeting, that resulted in the use of Theron's image in connection with another manufacturer's watch cannot be deemed immaterial.
Theron cannot hide behind the fact that she had no control over what the photographers did with the pictures they took at the panel discussion, or of the use that customers of the web site made of photographs they purchased. Her breach was wearing the watch. Subsequent uses over which she had no control are relevant, not to the issue of breach, but to the issue of damages.
Moreover, it was foreseeable to Theron—a famous movie star—that photographs of her would be made available for purchase and that they might appear in publications. Her lack of involvement in what happened with the pictures does not mean she is not culpable for any damage they caused to RW.
Therefore, RW's motion for partial summary judgment on the issue of liability for breach is granted to the extent of the claim arising out of the Dior watch incident and its subsequent use, and Defendants' motion for summary judgment on that claim on the issue of actual breach is denied.
Proof of damages will be discussed below.
D. New Claims for Breach of the Agreement
RW never moved to amend its complaint to include claims for the three additional alleged breaches of the Agreement that are identified above: Chopard, Cartier and Breil Milano. However, had such a motion been made it would have been denied as futile since none of these incidents breached the Agreement.
1. Breil Milano
Six months after the Agreement with RW expired, DDF entered into a new deal with Binda Italia whereby Theron would promote Breil Milano brand watches and jewelry. Theron and DDF were therefore completely free to enter into endorsement deals with other parties. Because RW did not offer to extend the Agreement for an additional fifteen months—a point about which there is no dispute—the provision of the Agreement that would have imposed a non-competition agreement on Theron for the year 2007 was never activated. RW's CEO, Bernheim, understood that the deal with Binda Italia was not a breach of the Agreement at his deposition:
Q (by Mr. Baute): Okay. Is the contract that Charlize Theron signed with Breil Milano in 2007 a breach of contract?A (Mr. Bernheim): No.Q: Why not?A: Because our, because our contract was ended. Our contract was to be at its end.Q: So she was free to sign a new watch deal with whoever she wanted, right?A: Yes.Q: Including in 2007, right?A: Yes. (Bernheim Dep. at 194:20-195:6.)
The endorsement deal between DDF and Binda Italia did not breach the Agreement between Raymond Weil, Theron and DDF. Any motion to amend the complaint to add this specific claim would have been denied as futile.
2. Cartier
Theron wore Cartier jewelry to the 2006 Golden Globes. The contract specifically carves out an exception such that Theron "is permitted to wear jewelry of her choice in public and to awards shows during the Term." (Agreement ¶ 8) (emphasis added). Theron was not permitted to wear watches manufactured by other companies during the Term, even to awards shows— the drafters clearly distinguished between "watches" on the one hand and "jewelry" on the other. However, there is no evidence that Theron wore a Cartier watch to an awards show—rather, she wore a bracelet and earrings. The fact that she has received rather extravagant "gifts" from Cartier over time—gifts that could be construed as payment for wearing the jewelry—is of no moment, because nothing in the Agreement bars Theron from being paid to wear jewelry of her choosing to awards shows. Indeed, one of the attorneys representing Theron and DDF in negotiations for the Agreement with RW testified, without contradiction, that Defendants deleted language from an early draft of the Agreement that would have restricted the use of Theron's name and likeness in connection jewelry precisely because Theron and DDF anticipated the possibility that she might be paid to wear jewelry at award shows. (Rush Dep. at 66:24-72-24.)
Had RW moved to amend the complaint to include a claim based on the Cartier incident, the motion would have also have been denied as futile.
3. Chopard
Also in 2006, Theron wore Chopard jewelry—again, not a watch—to the British and American Academy Awards. She was paid a fee for wearing the jewelry, and she gave Chopard the right to use photographs taken of her while wearing the jewelry for limited, print editorial purposes, provided Chopard received necessary third-party clearances. Neither the fact that Theron wore the Chopard jewelry nor the fact that she was paid for doing so constitutes a breach of the Agreement. Again, the Agreement clearly permits her to wear whatever jewelry (not watches) she likes to any awards show, and it contains no prohibition on her being paid for doing so.
The provision in the Chopard Contract with Chopard that permits Chopard to use photographs taken of Theron does not run afoul of the exclusivity provision of the Agreement as it requires Chopard to get authorization from "all third parties," which would include those with whom Theron has contractual obligations, prior to using photographs of Theron in Chopard jewelry. However, Chopard did not secure authorization from Theron or from third party RW—as it was required to under the Chopard Contract—before it posted the photographs of Theron in Chopard jewelry to its website. Moreover, the Chopard Contract only contemplates the use of photographs of Theron for print, as opposed to, electronic media. Chopard's posting of the photographs, therefore, was a clear breach of its contract with DDF. However, there was an immediate cure of such breach under the Agreement when Theron's attorney's directed that such photos be removed.
Therefore, had RW moved to amend the complaint to include a claim based on Theron's relationship with Chopard, the motion would have similarly been denied as futile.
E. Damages and Defendants' Motion to Strike Expert Report
The question of material fact which must be submitted to a jury is whether the breach resulted in any damage to Plaintiff, as required by New York law, which holds that "a party seeking recovery for breach of contract must show: (1) a contract; (2) performance by the party seeking recovery; (3) breach of the contract by the other party; and (4) damages attributable to the breach." Maguire Co., Inc. v. HerbertConstr. Co., Inc.,945 F.Supp. 72, 75 (S.D.N.Y.1996).
In its ad damnum clause, RW seeks repayment of all monies paid to DDF under the contract, as well as all monies paid to Theron's modeling agent and the monies it expended on the worldwide advertising campaign featuring Theron. At a hearing in front of the Hon. Theodore Katz, counsel for Plaintiff announced that RW was abandoning the last two elements of its damages, and that it would limit its claim to the 83 million paid to Theron under the Agreement, plus interest, as well as money spent promoting her. (Drescher Aff. Ex. 19, Sept. 21, 2007 Hearing Transcript 42:12-19.). In the Joint Pre-Trial Order, RW adds the money paid to Theron by Chopard and Breil Milano and the value of any jewelry given to Theron by Cartier. However, there can be no recovery in connection with these incidents, since RW has no viable claim for breach of the Agreement in connection therewith.
The principal damages that RW seeks— a return of all monies paid under the Agreement and spent in promoting the Theron advertising campaign—are equivalent to damages that would be awarded if the contract were rescinded. RW is not entitled to such damages.
The Second Circuit has held that, "... before rescission will be permitted the breach must be `material and willful, or, if not willful, so substantial and fundamental as to strongly tend to defeat the object of the parties in making the contract,'" Septembertide Publishing, B.V. v. Stein and Day, Inc.884 F.2d 675, 678 (2d Cir.1989), quoting Callanan v. Powers, 199 N.Y. 268, 92 N.E. 747 (N.Y.App.Div.1910). Absent fraud or mistake, rescission may be granted only when the breach goes to the root of the contract and defeats its very purpose. Babylon Assocs. v. County of Suffolk,101 A.D.2d 207, 215-217, 475 N.Y.A.2d 869 (1984).
Moreover, the remedy of rescission "is to be invoked only when there is lacking complete and adequate remedy at law and where the status quo may be substantially restored." Strategic Growth Intern., Inc. v. RemoteMDx, Inc., No. 06-3915, 2008 WL 4179235, at *5 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 10, 2008), quoting Rudman v. Cowles Commc'ns, Inc.,30 N.Y.2d 1, 13, 330 N.Y.S.2d 33, 280 N.E.2d 867 (1972). In other words, rescission must return the parties to the same position they would have occupied had there been no contract. In an action by a corporation for the return of the fee paid to an investment bank for its services in a corporate restructuring following incidents of third party insider trading, this court held that rescission was not available, because "... plaintiff has realized and paid for the full benefit of the contract" and "[t]here are no obvious means to undo the entire restructure transaction." In re Ivan F. Boesky Sec. Litig.,825 F.Supp. 623, 637 (S.D.N.Y. 1993). See also Stahl Management Corp. v. Conceptions Unlimited.,554 F.Supp. 890, 894 (S.D.N.Y.1983).
In this case, the Agreement cannot be rescinded and the parties returned to the status quo. The Agreement is no longer operative. While it was operative, Theron loaned her image to RW, which realized substantial benefits of an indisputably successful advertising campaign featuring Theron. (Bernheim Dep. at 48:14-17.) Theron's brief appearance wearing a Dior watched, which led to her image's being published in the Tourneau magazine in the thirteenth month of the Agreement's fifteen month term, was a material breach, but it was not so substantial and fundamental as to defeat the object of the parties in making the contract. Indeed, the Agreement was almost at an end by the date of publication of the Tourneau Times; in the months preceding that publication, RW received substantial benefits under the Agreement, which it cannot give back. And RW had the absolute right to terminate the Agreement in order to redress this breach, but it did not do so. Therefore, RW is not entitled to the recessionary damages it seeks. "Absent grounds for rescission ... [plaintiff] has only the right to compensatory damages for breach of the agreement." Affiliated Hosp. Prod., Inc. v. Merdel Game Mfg., Co.,513 F.2d 1183, 1186 (2d Cir.1975). The fact that RW is not entitled to rescissionary damages does not mean that it is not entitled to any damages. Under New York law, "It is a well-settled tenet of contract law that even if the breach of contract caused no loss or if the amount of the loss cannot be proven with sufficient certainty, the injured party is entitled to recover as nominal damages a small sum fixed without regard to the amount of the loss, if any." Medinol Ltd. v. Boston Sci. Corp.,346 F.Supp.2d 575, 599 (S.D.N.Y. 2004), quoting ESPN, Inc. v. Office of the Comm'r of Baseball,76 F.Supp.2d 416, 421 (S.D.N.Y.1999).
Since RW is entitled to partial summary judgment on the issue of breach, it has the right to go to trial to prove whatever damages it can prove—and, if it can prove none, to an award of nominal damages. RW must now, however, propound a non-recessionary theory of damages that it intends to use at trial.
In its opposition to Defendants' motion for summary judgment, RW proffers two expert reports on the issue of damages. Defendants move to strike those reports, and urges that, in their absence, there is no evidence of damages, so DDF and Theron are entitled to summary judgment despite any actionable breach.
I deny the motion for summary judgment on the ground that RW has failed to prove damages.
The first of RW's expert reports comes from Dr. Jacob Jacoby, a professor of consumer behavior and retail management at New York University's Stern School of Business. (Eilender Opp'n. Deck, Ex. PP (hereinafter, "Jacoby Report.") ¶ 4.) Dr. Jacoby opines that due to Theron's actions the value of RW's advertising campaign should be discounted by at "least a half." (Id. ¶ 28.) He reasons that:
Especially when considered cumulatively, Ms. Theron's actions ... during the contract period seriously undermined the more than $10,000,000 advertising campaign for Raymond Weil watches that was implemented during the contract period. In addition to substantially diminishing the value of the entire campaign, Theron's actions likely also caused long term harm to the Raymond Weil image and brand equity among the consuming public and especially among members of the trade. (Id. ¶ 3.)
Dr. Jacoby has impressive credentials as an expert in advertising, marketing and consumer research and is the sort of witness whose testimony would be offered— and admitted—at a trial on the issue of what damages flowed from Theron's breach of the Agreement. However, Dr. Jacoby's report must be revised. He bases his conclusion on the cumulative effect of multiple breaches, but the Court has concluded that Defendants committed only one actionable breach. Therefore, Dr. Jacoby should be given a chance to revise his conclusions in light of the legal rulings that have narrowed Plaintiff's case considerably.
Dr. Jacoby also propounded what I take to be an alternative theory of damages— liquidated damages in the amount of one million per breach, which would be one million, since there is only one actionable breach. The Court is deeply skeptical as to the empirical basis for this "what's good for the goose is good for the gander" theory of damages, which is nothing more than a post-hoc attempt to revise the Agreement.
Moreover, "a liquidated damage clause must be the result of an express agreement between the parties; courts will not read such a clause into a contract by implication." Ohanian v. Avis Rent A Car Sys.,779 F.2d 101, 109 (2d Cir.1985). citing Winkelman v. Winkelman, 208 A.D. 68, 70, 203 N.Y.S. 63 (N.Y.App.1924). Here, the parties have only provided for a liquated damages in the event of RW's breach of the Agreement "relating to the usage of Artist's [Theron's] name and/or likeness" in the amount of "one million U.S. dollars" per breach. (Agreement ¶ 16.) Thus, liquidated damages are unavailable for the single, actionable breach committed by Defendants.
However, in light of the fact that the issue of damages must be revisited in view of other rulings, there is no basis to make final admissibility determinations at this time.
The motion to strike Dr. Jacoby's testimony entirely is denied on the condition that the expert report be revised.
RW is free to ask Dr. Jacoby to update his Report to reflect the rulings made above, if it intends to call him as a witness at trial. If Defendants still finds some aspect of his opinion objectionable, we will take it up via motion in limine at the fmal pre-trial conference. Please note: no expert's report will be admitted into evidence at the trial. Experts testify; their reports can be used to cross examine but are not independently admissible.
Plaintiff's other damages expert is Joseph Hunter, a former model turned modeling agent, who purports to have "basically created the promotion of super-models and how to maximize their income by obtaining endorsements for various products, such as cosmetics, jewelry, clothing, etc." and to be an expert in the field of "celebrity endorsements." (Eilender Opp'n. Decl., Ex. QQ (Hereinafter "Hunter Report.")) Mr. Hunter opines as a result of Theron's association with other brands during the Agreement term, the Agreement was effectively converted into a non-exclusive arrangement, which by Mr. Hunter's account, would not have been worth more than two-hundred and fifty thousand dollars to RW. (Id.) Additionally, Mr. Hunter estimates that RW would not have spent more than one million dollars promoting a non-exclusive advertising campaign with Theron.
Again, this court will deny the motion to strike Mr. Hunter's evidence as "junk science," at least at this juncture. But Mr. Hunter also will have to examine his testimony to see how it is impacted by the court's various rulings. If RW proffers him as a witness for trial, he will have to prepare a new expert report, and we will deal with any purported defects in his credentials or his testimony at trial. Assuming his credentials to be what he says they are, the court would find that Mr. Hunter has relevant evidence, and the fact that his expertise does not lend itself to scientific replication does not undercut the relevance of his opinion, given the subject matter at issue. But I question whether his credentials are such as to allow him to offer an opinion on the amount of value lost to RW because of Theron's breach. I do not understand him to be an economist and am not clear about how many such deals he has put together or the basis for any calculations he makes about the association between breach and loss. But that is for another day.
IV. The Affirmative Defenses
There is nothing dumber than a motion to strike boilerplate affirmative defenses; it wastes the client's money and the court's time. But since RW has made such a motion, I have to rule on it.
The motion is denied insofar as it seeks dismissal of the first affirmative defense (failure to state a cause of action), because RW did fail to state a cause of action for fraud as asserted in the complaint. It is denied insofar as it seeks dismissal of the sixth affirmative defense—failure to mitigate damages—because we are having a damages trial, and a defendant can always allege failure to mitigate. The remaining boilerplate affirmative defenses against which RW moves are dismissed for the reasons argued in RW's brief.
Concluding Matters
The Court refers this matter to The Honorable Theodore H. Katz for the purpose of conducting a pre-trial settlement conference. The conference may be scheduled at the convenience of the parties and Judge Katz, but it must take place before the end of October.
If the parties fail to settle the case, they shall file an updated Pre-Trial Order, reflecting all the rulings made by the court in this opinion, no later than November 7. Updated expert reports must also be filed by November 7.
We will hold a final pre-trial conference on December 5, 2008 at 2 p.m. The lawyers who are trying the case must attend this conference. They must be prepared to explain exactly who will testify at the trial and to commit to the witnesses they are going to call. Since this is a damages trial, each side will have one day to present its case; the parties should keep this in mind in designating witnesses. No witness who is not designated in the Pre-Trial Order may be called at trial; there is no option to "reserve the right" to call additional witnesses.
At the conference, the court will rule on all in limine motions and on all objections to documentary evidence, and will admit exhibits for trial. In other words, the conference is really the first day of the trial. Counsel must be prepared to argue their objections to evidence.
In limine motions, including motions to preclude witnesses from testifying, are due on November 21. Responses must be filed by December 5. I do not accept replies on in limine motions.
You will receive your trial date at the Final Pre-Trial Conference.
The parties may stipulate to try the issue of damages to the Magistrate Judge—in which case, all of these dates are off the table.
The Clerk of the Court shall mark the following motions as decided and shall remove them from the court's list of outstanding motions:
Plaintiff's Motion for Partial Summary Judgment (Docket # 42): Granted in part and denied in part.
FootNotes
1. The court in Porter cautioned against the finding of individual contractual liability based only upon "a boilerplate clause that the officer signed on the corporation's behalf was personally bound." 2007 WL 2907403 at *9.
Comment
Name
Email
Comment
1000 Characters Remaining
Leagle.com reserves the right to edit or remove comments but is under no obligation to do so, or to explain individual moderation decisions. |
toolsmith
:toolsmith: n. The software equivalent of a tool-and-die specialist; one
who specializes in making the tool
with which other programmers
create applications. Many hackers consider this more fun than
applications per se; to understand why, see uninteresting
Jon
Bentley, in the "Bumper-Sticker Computer Science" chapter of his book
"More Programming Pearls", quotes Dick Sites from DEC
as saying "I'd
rather write programs to write programs than write programs". |
@using Microsoft.JSInterop
@using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Components.Forms
@using Covenant.Models.Covenant
@inject IJSRuntime IJSRuntime
<EditForm Model="Credential" OnValidSubmit="OnFormSubmit">
<DataAnnotationsValidator />
<div class="form-row">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="Type">Type</label><br />
<select id="Type" name="Type" value="@Credential.Type" @onchange="(e => OnChangeType(e))" class="selectpicker show-menu-arrow" data-dropup-auto="false" data-width="auto">
@foreach (var n in Enum.GetNames(typeof(CredentialType)))
{
if (Enum.TryParse<CredentialType>(n, out CredentialType type) && this.Credential.Type == type)
{
<option selected value="@(((Enum)typeof(CredentialType).GetField(n).GetValue(null)).ToString("d"))">@n</option>
}
else
{
<option value="@(((Enum)typeof(CredentialType).GetField(n).GetValue(null)).ToString("d"))">@n</option>
}
}
</select>
<div class="text-danger"><ValidationMessage For="() => Credential.Type" /></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-row">
<div class="form-group col-md-6">
<label for="Domain">Domain</label>
<input id="Domain" name="Domain" @bind="Credential.Domain" class="form-control">
<div class="text-danger"><ValidationMessage For="() => Credential.Domain" /></div>
</div>
<div class="form-group col-md-6">
<label for="Username">Username</label>
<input id="Username" name="Username" @bind="Credential.Username" class="form-control">
<div class="text-danger"><ValidationMessage For="() => Credential.Username" /></div>
</div>
</div>
@if (Credential.Type == CredentialType.Password)
{
<div class="form-row">
<div class="form-group col-md-6">
<label for="Password">Password</label>
<input id="Password" name="Password" @bind="((CapturedPasswordCredential)Credential).Password" class="form-control">
<div class="text-danger"><ValidationMessage For="() => ((CapturedPasswordCredential)Credential).Password" /></div>
</div>
</div>
}
@if (Credential.Type == CredentialType.Hash)
{
<div class="form-row">
<div class="form-group col-md-3">
<label for="HashCredentialType">HashCredentialType</label><br />
<select id="HashCredentialType" name="HashCredentialType" @bind="((CapturedHashCredential)Credential).HashCredentialType" class="selectpicker show-menu-arrow" data-dropup-auto="false" data-width="auto">
@foreach (var n in Enum.GetNames(typeof(HashType)))
{
if (Enum.TryParse<HashType>(n, out HashType type) && ((CapturedHashCredential)Credential).HashCredentialType == type)
{
<option selected value="@(((Enum)typeof(HashType).GetField(n).GetValue(null)).ToString("d"))">@n</option>
}
else
{
<option value="@(((Enum)typeof(HashType).GetField(n).GetValue(null)).ToString("d"))">@n</option>
}
}
</select>
<div class="text-danger"><ValidationMessage For="() => ((CapturedHashCredential)Credential).HashCredentialType" /></div>
</div>
<div class="form-group col-md-9">
<label for="Hash">Hash</label>
<input id="Hash" name="Hash" @bind="((CapturedHashCredential)Credential).Hash" class="form-control">
<div class="text-danger"><ValidationMessage For="() => ((CapturedHashCredential)Credential).Hash" /></div>
</div>
</div>
}
@if (Credential.Type == CredentialType.Ticket)
{
<div class="form-row">
<div class="form-group col-md-3">
<label for="TicketCredentialType">TicketCredentialType</label><br />
<select id="TicketCredentialType" name="TicketCredentialType" @bind="((CapturedTicketCredential)Credential).TicketCredentialType" class="selectpicker show-menu-arrow" data-dropup-auto="false" data-width="auto">
@foreach (var n in Enum.GetNames(typeof(TicketType)))
{
if (Enum.TryParse<TicketType>(n, out TicketType type) && ((CapturedTicketCredential)Credential).TicketCredentialType == type)
{
<option selected value="@(((Enum)typeof(TicketType).GetField(n).GetValue(null)).ToString("d"))">@n</option>
}
else
{
<option value="@(((Enum)typeof(TicketType).GetField(n).GetValue(null)).ToString("d"))">@n</option>
}
}
</select>
<div class="text-danger"><ValidationMessage For="() => ((CapturedTicketCredential)Credential).TicketCredentialType" /></div>
</div>
<div class="form-group col-md-9">
<label for="ServiceName">ServiceName</label>
<input id="ServiceName" name="ServiceName" @bind="((CapturedTicketCredential)Credential).ServiceName" class="form-control">
<div class="text-danger"><ValidationMessage For="() => ((CapturedTicketCredential)Credential).ServiceName" /></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-row">
<div class="form-group col-md-6">
<label for="Ticket">Ticket</label>
<input id="Ticket" name="Ticket" @bind="((CapturedTicketCredential)Credential).Ticket" class="form-control">
<div class="text-danger"><ValidationMessage For="() => ((CapturedTicketCredential)Credential).Ticket" /></div>
</div>
</div>
}
<button type="button" @onclick="(e => OnSubmit.InvokeAsync(Credential))" class="btn btn-primary">
<span class="fe fe-@SubmitIcon"></span> @SubmitLabel
</button>
</EditForm>
@code {
[Parameter]
public CapturedCredential Credential { get; set; }
[Parameter]
public EventCallback<CapturedCredential> OnSubmit { get; set; }
[Parameter]
public string SubmitIcon { get; set; }
[Parameter]
public string SubmitLabel { get; set; }
protected override async Task OnAfterRenderAsync(bool firstRender)
{
await IJSRuntime.InvokeAsync<string>("InitializeSelectPicker", "#Type.selectpicker", ((int)Enum.Parse(typeof(CredentialType), this.Credential.Type.ToString())).ToString());
if (this.Credential.Type == CredentialType.Hash)
{
await IJSRuntime.InvokeAsync<string>("InitializeSelectPicker", "#HashCredentialType.selectpicker", ((int)Enum.Parse(typeof(HashType), ((CapturedHashCredential)this.Credential).HashCredentialType.ToString())).ToString());
}
if (this.Credential.Type == CredentialType.Ticket)
{
await IJSRuntime.InvokeAsync<string>("InitializeSelectPicker", "#TicketCredentialType.selectpicker", ((int)Enum.Parse(typeof(TicketType), ((CapturedTicketCredential)this.Credential).TicketCredentialType.ToString())).ToString());
}
}
private void OnChangeType(ChangeEventArgs e)
{
CredentialType type = Enum.Parse<CredentialType>((string)e.Value);
switch (type)
{
case CredentialType.Password:
this.Credential = new CapturedPasswordCredential
{
Id = this.Credential.Id,
Type = type,
Domain = this.Credential.Domain,
Username = this.Credential.Username
};
break;
case CredentialType.Hash:
this.Credential = new CapturedHashCredential
{
Id = this.Credential.Id,
Type = type,
Domain = this.Credential.Domain,
Username = this.Credential.Username
};
break;
case CredentialType.Ticket:
this.Credential = new CapturedTicketCredential
{
Id = this.Credential.Id,
Type = type,
Domain = this.Credential.Domain,
Username = this.Credential.Username
};
break;
}
}
private async Task OnFormSubmit()
{
await this.OnSubmit.InvokeAsync(this.Credential);
}
}
|
Paula Arce-Trigatti from Rice University’s Kinder Institute and Tulane University’s Douglas Harris bring together voices from education research and practice to discuss school reforms and the implications for urban schooling nationally.
When San Francisco Unified School District's commissioners passed a resolution to pilot an ethnic studies course in a select group of five high schools, it stated that "a growing body of academic research shows the importance of culturally meaningful and relevant curriculum."
We already knew that the resolution was on the right track when it said that the course itself would "help close the achievement gap, reduce dropout rates, and increase graduation rates."
We were ready.
However, we knew the school board commissioners would want to know if the ethnic studies course piloted across a set of San Francisco high schools in fact achieved that intended outcome.
We turned to our partnership with Stanford University to find a researcher who could help us analyze the pilot course outcomes. We wanted to have evidence when our school board considered expanding the resolution beyond a small group of schools.
We engaged in many hours of discussions and data review, first with Stanford Professor Tom Dee, and then with Post-Doc (now Assistant Professor at UC Irvine) Emily Penner, about the implementation of the pilot course. Tom and Emily shared the results with us just a few days before the board was to consider a resolution to expand the pilot.
We were then tasked with scaling the ethnic studies course to a broader array of our high schools. While Tom and Emily brought the expertise of the original data, as economists, they could not help us think about how to adapt the piloted course curriculum.
SFUSD teachers, in collaboration with SF State University, originally designed the course. After reviewing the current state of the curriculum, we were aware that we needed to revisit the curriculum in order to make it a viable course for all public high schools in San Francisco.
So, we turned to the expertise of our own teachers to redesign the curriculum and make adjustments to the course to implement at scale. Four important steps we took were:
Engaging the teachers who taught the pilot course (and with strong backgrounds in ethnic studies content) in the revision of the ethnic studies curriculum
Updating the ethnic studies curriculum to make the key elements about content more accessible to teachers with less of a background teaching ethnic studies
Creating units of study and lesson plans in alignment with state standards for history and social science
Providing teachers who were new to the course with professional development prior to the new school year as well as monthly meetings to support their instruction throughout the year. (This provided teachers with a community where they could discuss their practice).
We are now in talks with our Stanford partners to start the next phase of research on SFUSD's ethnic studies courses. We hope to study the longitudinal outcomes of the students in the original pilot, but to also understand the implementation and the outcomes of our expanded ethnic studies course.
In addition to working with our Stanford research partners, we look forward to our continued work with our teachers on the ethnic studies course as we continue on our learning journey.
Categories:
Tags:
Notice: We recently upgraded our comments. (Learn more here.) If you are logged in as a subscriber or registered user and already have a Display Name on edweek.org, you can post comments. If you do not already have a Display Name, please create one here.
Ground Rules for Posting
We encourage lively debate, but please be respectful of others. Profanity and personal attacks are prohibited. By commenting, you are agreeing to abide by our user agreement.
All comments are public.
The opinions expressed in Urban Education Reform: Bridging Research and Practice are strictly those of the author(s) and do not reflect the opinions or endorsement of Editorial Projects in Education, or any of its publications. |
Sensor is an object or a device made for a purpose to detect an occurrence of any event or change in the environmental condition and if found, provide a corresponding output. Broadly, Sensor is a transducer which intakes one kind of energy (mostly optical & electrical) to operate & gives different types of output. Today sensors are used in everyday life in every electronic product & with the advancement in technologies, the demand of instrumentation and automation has been increasing over the years and expected to grow further in the upcoming future with highest possible demand. One such product from this category is the distance measurement sensor. As the name itself defines that it is used in detecting or tracing the distance between two objects. In the present days, a sensor with high sensitivity is more preferred, the term sensitivity is used to find out the quality or the accuracy of the sensor. Currently, the distance measurement sensors are the combination of different technologies as ultrasonic, optical, capacitive, inductive and many more, selection of sensors are done as per the requirements which is usually based on the application, need for the accuracy, cost, size, distance of operation and life time. As for the short distance measurement application, proximity sensors are more suitable, LASER distance sensors are used for the application of long distance measurement purpose.
The consistent increasing demand of distance measurement sensor market has continuously been increasing globally and expected to grow with CAGR in double digits & the same scenario might be seen for next six to seven years in global distance measurement sensor market.
Distance Measurement Sensor: Market Dynamics
For last some years distance measurement sensors have been integrated in the automobile vehicle like Cars, trucks, buses in order to provide the information of the surrounding of the vehicle to the driver which increases the safety factor and hence it is coming out as a new trend for distance measurement sensor market. The key growth drivers of global distance measurement sensor market are increased adoption of distance measurement sensors in automation and robotics, need for advanced security solutions in the automobiles, drastic rising demand of distance measurement sensor in construction industries to trace the distance in various applications, increased demand in military application for target detection as in drone and aircrafts are some other drivers support the growth of this market. On the other hand high sensitivity towards environmental factors affects its accuracy, as the accuracy of ultrasonic sensors reduces in high noisy environment & accuracy of proximity sensor decreases in brighter environment.
Geographically, distance measurement sensor is segmented into seven regions which are ; North America, Latin America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Japan, Asia Pacific Excluding Japan (APEJ), and Middle East and Africa (MEA). Among all the regions Asia Pacific is the highest contributor in term of revenue in global distance measurement sensor |
Q:
Looking to return the number of images loaded using loadermax xml image loader
I can't find an exact way to get an number returned, "trace(event.target.content);" returns all of the content of the xml doc, but Im looking for, in this case "3"
function xmlCompleteHandler1(event:LoaderEvent):void
{
trace(event.target.content);
buildLoaderMax();
}
I get this
<data> <LoaderMax name="gallery">
<ImageLoader url="my_images/gallery/mynameis/1386009931.jpg"/>
<ImageLoader url="my_images/gallery/mynameis/1389667752.jpg"/>
<ImageLoader url="my_images/gallery/mynameis/1388092661.jpg"/>
</LoaderMax> </data>
Here is the loader
var queue:XMLLoader = new XMLLoader(String(url1)+String(username1)+"_myfile.xml",{name:"xmlDoc",
maxConnections:1,
estimatedBytes:500,
onComplete:xmlCompleteHandler1
});
queue.load();
A:
This example 100% works:
import flash.net.URLLoader;
import flash.events.Event;
var myXML:XML;
var loader:URLLoader = new URLLoader();
loader.load(new URLRequest("data.xml"));
loader.addEventListener(Event.COMPLETE, xmlCompleteHandler1);
function xmlCompleteHandler1(event:Event):void
{
myXML = new XML(event.target.data );
trace( myXML.LoaderMax.ImageLoader.length() ); // 3
}
|
When to worry or not
You’ve received your positive pregnancy test results, and you’re more excited than you’ve ever been. But then you experience bleeding, which can be the scariest thing imaginable when you’re carrying a little life inside of you. The good news is some bleeding in a pregnancy can be normal. But in some cases, you and baby could be in distress.
So how do you know when the bleeding is normal and when you need to worry? From implantation bleeding to changes in your cervix, we'll sort it out for you.
WHAT BLEEDING IS NORMAL?
If you have some bleeding or spotting in the beginning of your pregnancy, it may not be cause for panic (up to 25% of women experience it). It could be implantation bleeding. Anywhere from six to 12 days after you conceive, the fertilized embryo will attach itself to your uterine wall. This can cause some light spotting lasting from a few hours to a few days.
Early bleeding in your pregnancy can also be caused by the changes in your cervix. When you're pregnant, an increased amount of blood flow goes to your cervix. As a result, having sex or receiving a pelvic exam by your doctor can cause bleeding.
Infections (such as a yeast infection) or sexually-transmitted diseases (such as herpes) can also cause bleeding early in pregnancy.
Be sure to always check with your OB-GYN to make sure you and baby are healthy.
WHAT BLEEDING IS NOT NORMAL?
If the bleeding is accompanied by strong cramps and pain in your abdomen (tissue might also pass through your vagina), you could be at risk for a miscarriage and should contact your doctor immediately.
If you're bleeding and having strong cramps in your abdomen (you may also feel light headed), you could be having an ectopic pregnancy (when the embryo implants outside of the uterus), and should contact your doctor immediately.
Bleeding could also mean that you're having a molar pregnancy. This is very rare and happens when a benign tumor or an abnormal mass of tissue forms instead of a baby.
WHAT SHOULD YOU DO IF YOU EXPERIENCE BLEEDING?
No matter what type of bleeding you're experiencing, you should contact your doctor immediately.
With so many changes going on inside your body during pregnancy, it can definitely be an emotional and anxious time. You should never feel embarrassed or hesitant to call your OB-GYN about anything that concerns you. That's what they are there for! |
Q:
Convert a list to list with type-constrained fixed length
Let I define a list with constrained length. I.e.
data List (n::Nat) a where
Nil :: List 0 a
Cons :: a -> List (n-1) a -> List n a
Then I want to initialize this list from common list (e.g. input string with any length). Can I do that? Is it possible to write function (or class) like this?
toConsList :: [a] -> List n a
Or is this suitable only for a structures with length which is known in compile time?
A:
You can't, because that would require dependent types. The type of the resulting List depends on the value. As your type error shows, you can't use foldr Cons Nil (which would be the obvious implementation) to create the list because the accumulator must stay the same type for the entire fold.
As @chi pointed out in the comments, you can use an existential wrapper to ignore the type parameter to allow this to work. You would end up with a value that was List n a for some unknown n, which gains you nothing over just using [a].
There is Data.Vector.Fixed.fromList, but the documentation there tells us that it "Will throw error if list is shorter than resulting vector." This means that it is really just asking you to specify the type (length) of your vector (list) at compile time, and truncating or throwing an error at runtime if that expectation is not met.
You may be interested in Idris' Data.Vect.Vect.
|
Comments
Popular posts from this blog
Maximillian is a halfling Agitator. He was previously a Fieldwarden...until tragedy struck his houshold.
The tranquil lives of the Morningglory family were shattered one day as the restless dead from Sylvania crossed the land on some mysterious task for their undead master. Maximillian was out on patrol and wasn't around as his hometown was raided. When he arrived, he found his home destroyed and both his parents dead. His siblings were all missing. (A little GM fodder.)
Maximillian was left with no posessions and nothing to fall back on beside what was on him and his horse, Magnus. He now holds a burning hatred for chaos (he doesn't distinguish between chaos and undead).
Maximillian is a halfing male. He is 70 years old, 3'8" tall, 100 lbs with corn-colored hair and dark brown eyes.Starter Profile
Kaldezeit 13th: Chilly. Fires lit around Barak Varr. Less than 1 week until the 1st day of winter.
Vaervenshyael engages in a conversation with the head of the Cult of the Practicing Owl (Verena). The conversation is in regards to her party accepting the mission from the priest. The priest states the mission is of utmost secrecy. Vaervenshyael tells him in no uncertain terms that half of the party can not be depended on for secrecy. His wish is for her to bring the rest of the party to the temple so he can impart the dire need for secrecy.
Kaldezeit 14th.
The entire party heads to the temple. After a talk with Doctor Woeller, Vaervenshy…
Vaervenshyael noticed Wilhelm asking around town about where the witch had lived. He was not having any luck, so she offered to show him where she had purchased the poison from the witch. It was a hovel set into an alleyway. Behind the hovel was an old, burnt building with barely discernible owl reliefs. Word on the street was a temple to Verena had burned down a few months ago.
The witch burning was a success. Each member of the party was off doing their own thing. Vaervenshyael was mingling when she heard Tankred yelling from the dock area. She caught something about the water rising and rats in the streets.
At the same time, the burning witch on the pyre looked up and gasped. She looked directly at Vaervenshyael and mouthed somethin…
Part of the role playing group, the D5, I am sometimes player and sometimes GM. I am experienced in D&D 2e, WarHammer 1e, and BloodBowl. In the past I've also played Shadowrun, EarthDawn, B/X, and D&D 3e. I have been role playing since grade school, though I couldn't give you an exact grade. If I had to try to narrow it down, I'd guess 6th. That makes many years of role playing under my belt. |
Q:
error while reading json file using fs in Node js
I am working on a 3 layer architecture backend for node JS and Express.
I have to read a file with JSON data and send using HTTP using REST
My problem is that the error thrown from fs.readFile is not being propogated above to upper layer, despite using throw. However the code works with fs.readFileSync.
dao.js
const fs = require("fs");
class DAO {
async getAllProducts() {
// try {
// fs.readFileSync("products.json");
// } catch (error) {
// throw new Error("Error Reading File");
// }
fs.readFile("./products.json", (err, data) => {
if (err) {
throw new Error("Error Reading File");
} else {
let d = JSON.parse(data);
return d;
}
});
}
}
module.exports = new DAO();
service.js
const dao = require("../data/dao");
class Service {
async getAllProducts() {
try {
return await dao.getAllProducts();
} catch (error) {
throw error;
}
}
}
module.exports = new Service();
product.js
const express = require("express");
const router = express.Router();
const service = require("../service/service");
const Response = require("../models/Response");
router.get("/", async (req, res) => {
try {
const data = await service.getAllProducts();
res.status(200).send(new Response(200, "Success", null, data));
} catch (error) {
res.status(500).send(new Response(500, "Failure", error.message, null));
}
});
module.exports = router;
On hitting http://localhost:3000/api/products and using the fs.readFileSync method, the o/p is as expected
{
"statusCode": 500,
"status": "Failure",
"message": "Error Reading File",
"data": null
}
but on using fs.readFile the o/p is weird
{
"statusCode": 200,
"status": "Success",
"message": null
}
and the console output is below
throw new Error("Error Reading File");
^
Error: Error Reading File
at ReadFileContext.callback (C:\Users\a\b\c\d\data\dao.js:12:11)
at FSReqCallback.readFileAfterOpen [as oncomplete] (fs.js:264:13)
my guess is because the readfile is an async fn so it's causing problem but to counter that, I have used async/await everywhere so there should'nt be a problem. Not sure where the error is.
any help is much appreciated
A:
That's because the error is thrown in a callback. The error will not be caught from the catch block in your service (check this article which explains this in detail). Instead of using callbacks and the synchronous read-operation you can use fs's promises though:
async getAllProducts() {
try {
const data = await fs.promises.readFile("./products.json");
return JSON.parse(data);
} catch (err) {
console.log(err); // print the orig error but throw your custom error
throw new Error("Error Reading File");
}
}
If readFile rejects, the error will now be caught in your service.
One more thing: Exporting an instance from a module is considered bad practice, see this for more information.
|
Talksport
Talksport (styled as talkSPORT), owned by Wireless Group, is a sports radio station and the Global Audio Partner of the Premier League.
Broadcast from London to the United Kingdom, Talksport is the only national radio station broadcasting sporting discussions and commentaries 24 hours a day, having dropped 39 hours of weekly non-sports content on 2 April 2012.
Talksport's content includes live coverage of sporting events, interviews with the leading names in sport and entertainment, phone-ins and discussion.
Talksport, alongside sister station "Talksport 2," is an official broadcaster for several sporting contests, including the Premier League.
In the United Kingdom, Talksport is available on its primary frequency in London, 1089 kHz, as well as 1053 kHz, 1071 kHz, and 1107 kHz, DAB, Sky, Virgin Media, Freeview, on mobile, and online at talksport.com. Talksport has been available on Freesat since April 2016.
Outside the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland, Talksport broadcasts live commentary of every Premier League match around the world in multiple languages including English, Spanish and Mandarin.
On 25 June 2016, Rupert Murdoch's News Corp announced that it was acquiring the parent Wireless Group company for $296 million.
Talk Radio era
The station was originally and officially launched as Talk Radio UK on 14 February 1995, with the original Talk Radio Breakfast Show. However the first live broadcast had been Caesar the Geezer's phone-in which aired the previous night. Other presenters on Talk Radio included Jeremy Beadle, Tommy Boyd, Anna Raeburn, Gary Newbon, Terry Christian, and Dale Winton. Also joining the line-up were Caesar the Geezer and Wild Al Kelly, dubbed as shock jocks.
A year later Talk Radio launched a new breakfast show presented by Paul Ross and Carol McGiffin. Former BBC Radio 1 DJ Simon Bates also joined the station along with James Whale, Ian Collins, and Mike Dickin.
Talk Radio made their first foray into the world of sports radio rights bidding, by purchasing the rights to broadcast the Football League from BBC Radio Five Live for the 1997–98 season. In addition, the station broadcast their first FIFA World Cup from France in 1998, with them bringing in the Sky Sports commentary team of Alan Parry and Andy Gray to commentate on the major matches. Dave Roberts covered additional games in France. Talk Radio also acquired up the rights to broadcast Manchester United's matches in the Champions League for the 1998–99 season.
Creation of Talksport
On 12 November 1998 TalkCo Holdings, whose chairman and chief Executive was former Sun Editor Kelvin MacKenzie, purchased Talk Radio. This led to a mass clearout of presenters including Nick Abbot, Anna Raeburn, Tommy Boyd and Peter Deeley, with them putting in place a more sports oriented programming schedule, including The Sportszone with Alan Parry, Gary Newbon, Tony Lockwood, Tom Watt, and former Century Radio sports editor Dave Roberts presenting the weekend edition of The Sports Breakfast.
In late 1999, TalkCo, rebranded as The Wireless Group, announced a relaunch of Talk Radio to become the UK's first national commercial sports radio station called Talksport. The relaunch occurred at midnight on 17 January 2000 and was accompanied by the station moving from Oxford Street to a new studio in Hatfields on the South Bank of the River Thames. Now mainly dedicated to sport, the programming lineup was drastically altered, beginning with The Sports Breakfast show, a mid-morning motoring show called The Car Guys, with further sports programming in the afternoon and evening. Almost all the station's talk show presenters were axed at the time, including The Big Boys Breakfast with David Banks and Nick Ferrari, with only James Whale, Ian Collins, and Mike Dickin surviving. To complement their new format, Talksport purchased the rights to broadcast Manchester United, Arsenal and Newcastle in the UEFA Champions League, the FA Cup, England football internationals, UEFA Cup, England's winter cricket Tours to South Africa, Zimbabwe, Pakistan, and India, British and Irish Lions tours to South Africa and New Zealand, and rights to the Super League, Rugby League World Cup, and World Title Boxing Fights.
The new line-up involved a number of presenters and commentators. They included Alan Brazil, Mark Nicholas, Chris Cowdrey, Geoffrey Boycott, Mike Parry, Peter Shilton, Brian Moore, Brough Scott, Tom Watt, Gary Newbon, Ian Darke, Tony Banks, and Alvin Martin.
Notable presenters
Current presenters
Talksport have a selection of regular presenters and commentators. Former professional sportsmen provide expert comment on a variety of the station's programmes.
Darren Bent
Georgie Bingham
Alan Brazil
Tony Cascarino
Jason Cundy
Adrian Durham
Andy Goldstein
Darren Gough
Simon Jordan
Danny Kelly
Paul Ross
Max Rushden
Natalie Sawyer
Jim White
Laura Woods
Former presenters
Nick Abbot
Tony Banks
Steve Bower
Geoffrey Boycott
Tommy Boyd
Russell Brand
Ian Collins
Stan Collymore
Chris Cooper
Chris Cowdrey
Kelly Dalglish
Ian Darke
Mike Dickin
George Galloway
Jon Gaunt
Derek Hatton
Nicky Horne
Gethin Jones
Jeremy Kyle
George Lamb
Rodney Marsh
Mike Mendoza
Rob McCaffrey
Brian Moore
Colin Murray
Gary Newbon
Mark Nicholas
Alan Parry
Dave Roberts
Brough Scott
Peter Shilton
Johnny Vaughan
Tom Watt
James Whale
Rhodri Williams
Russ Williams
Charlie Wolf
Ian Wright
Bill Young
Matt Holland
Sam Matterface
Ray Houghton
Live sports coverage
Talksport and Talksport 2 has exclusive and non-exclusive rights to various sports in the UK:
Football
Premier League
English Football League
EFL Cup
EFL Trophy
FA Cup
England internationals
Community Shield
UEFA Champions League
UEFA Europa League
UEFA Super Cup
FIFA World Cup
UEFA European Football Championship
UEFA Nations League
FA Trophy
FA Vase
2019 FIFA Club World Cup
Rugby
Premiership Rugby
Premiership Rugby Cup
Super League
World Club Series
Cricket
English cricket team in South Africa in 2019–20
English cricket team in India in 2020-21
ICC World Twenty20
ICC Champions Trophy
Horse racing
Grand National
Royal Ascot
Cheltenham Festival
The Derby
King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes
Golf
The Open Championship
Ryder Cup
The Players Championship
WGC Match Play
US sport
NFL
Darts
PDC World Darts Championship
Programming history
May 2001: Talksport secured rights to broadcast Premier League games for the first time. The Radio Authority granted the station permission to broadcast games involving Chelsea, Fulham, and Tottenham Hotspur on their London transmitters only. Later, Talksport also secured similar deals with Everton, Blackburn Rovers, and Manchester City for their transmitters in Greater Manchester, Merseyside, and Lancashire following approval from the Radio Authority. The station also had the ability to split their transmitters in the West Midlands for games involving Aston Villa but this never came to fruition.
December 2002: Talksport announced plans for the station's first ever music show. An easy listening music show entitled Champagne & Roses with Gerald Harper, was broadcast each Saturday evening. The show was axed after less than six months
June 2004: Talksport broadcast their first international football tournament officially. Euro 2004 from Portugal was broadcast live on Talksport with commentary of various matches, including the final, from Jim Proudfoot and Alvin Martin.
June 2006: the station broadcast the 2006 World Cup, with live match commentary of all 64 matches in Germany. Commentary was provided by Jim Proudfoot, Chris Cooper, Nigel Pearson, Ian Danter, Tim White, and Geoff Peters with punditry from Alvin Martin, Rodney Marsh, Gary Stevens, Jason Cundy, and Micky Quinn.
August 2006: Former Sky Sports presenter Kelly Dalglish became the first female sports presenter on Talksport, hosting Monday's edition of Kick-Off alongside Gabriele Marcotti and Jason Cundy
October 2006: Talksport becomes the first national commercial radio broadcaster to win Premier League commentary rights. Talksport wins a package that allows it to broadcast the second choice Saturday afternoon games that kick off at 3pm - the BBC will get first pick.
April 2009: Russell Brand and Noel Gallagher were signed by Talksport to present a one-off football talk show on 19 April 2009. It was only a few months after Brand resigned from BBC Radio 2 in the wake of the uproar over the Sachsgate affair
February 2010: Talksport gained more Premier League football in the latest radio bidding wars. Whilst relinquishing their 15:00 package to football newcomers Absolute Radio, they won two packages from BBC Radio 5 Live. They took over the national radio rights to broadcast the late kick-off every Saturday evening from the Premier League (usually kicking off at 17:30), and the early Sunday games (before 15:00). This agreement covers the 2010–11 to 2012–13 Premier League seasons
June 2010: Talksport broadcast the 2010 World Cup, with live match commentary of all 64 matches in South Africa. Commentary was provided by Jim Proudfoot, Ian Danter, Nigel Pearson, John Rawling, and Graham Beecroft with punditry from Alvin Martin, Stan Collymore, Ray Parlour, Bobby Gould, Tony Cascarino, Lawrie Sanchez, and Micky Quinn
September 2011: Talksport broadcast the 2011 Rugby World Cup, with exclusive commentary of all 48 matches in New Zealand. Commentary was provided by John Taylor, Rupert Bell, John Anderson, Russell Hargreaves and Andrew McKenna with punditry from Brian Moore, Jeff Probyn, David Campese, Chris Sheasby, Michael Owen, Scott Quinnell, Gavin Hastings, and Paul Wallace, with presentation from Mark Saggers and Mike Bovill. Additional reporting from Roger Hughes, David Brady, and Stuart Cameron
June 2012: Talksport broadcast Euro 2012, with live commentary of all 31 matches in Poland and Ukraine. Commentary was provided by Sam Matterface, John Roder, Nigel Pearson and Ian Danter, with punditry from Stan Collymore, Alvin Martin, Ray Parlour, Matt Holland and Andy Gray with presentation from Adrian Durham, Mark Saggers and Richard Keys.
July 2012: Talksport secured a joint six-year deal with BBC Radio 5 Live to broadcast live commentaries from the FA Cup, Community Shield and England friendly internationals.
August 2012: Talksport secure a deal to become an official broadcaster of the Aviva Premiership. The deal enables Talksport to broadcast live commentary of selected matches throughout the season either on-air or online.
November 2012: Talksport secured exclusive broadcast rights in the UK to the 2013 British and Irish Lions tour to Australia.
June 2014: Talksport broadcast the 2014 FIFA World Cup, with live commentary of all 64 matches in Brazil. Commentary was provided by Jim Proudfoot, Alan Parry, Gary Taphouse, Nigel Pearson, John Anderson, Andrew McKenna and Richard Connelly with punditry from Stan Collymore, Stuart Pearce, Alvin Martin, Ray Parlour, Matt Holland, Micky Quinn and Alan Curbishley.
March 2016: Talksport 2 launches, a station dedicated to live sports commentaries and specialist programming.
May 2016: Talksport and Talksport 2 are awarded the right to broadcast three Premier League UK live audio packages for the next three football seasons, starting with the 2016/17 season.
June 2016: Talksport and Talksport 2 broadcast Euro 2016, with commentary of all 51 matches. Commentary was provided by Jim Proudfoot, Alan Parry, Gary Taphouse, Ian Danter, Nigel Pearson, John Anderson, Ian Abrahams and Alex Crook, and punditry from Stan Collymore, Stuart Pearce, Joey Barton, Matt Holland, Ray Wilkins, Keith Gillespie, Danny Gabbidon, Michael Gray, Alvin Martin, Danny Higginbotham and Micky Quinn.
May 2017: Talksport secures exclusive national radio rights to the English Football League. It gives them the ability to broadcast up to up 110 EFL fixtures a season for three years until the end of the 2019/2020 season.
June 2017: Talksport and Talksport 2 broadcast exclusive commentary of the 2017 British and Irish Lions tour to New Zealand.
April 2018: Talksport and Talksport 2 secure exclusive broadcast rights to England's winter tours to Sri Lanka and West Indies.
Station management
Scott Taunton was previously the Business Development Director at UTV, responsible for radio and new media. A native of Australia, he has been working in the UK for a decade and took over from Kelvin MacKenzie as Chief Executive of Talksport in July 2005.
Lee Clayton is head of Talksport, with Laurie Palacio as deputy head of Talksport.
Frequencies
In a number of areas, particularly in areas where the signal from the main 1089 and 1053 kHz transmitters overlap with each other, Talksport operates a number of filler transmitters on different frequencies:
1071 kHz – Nottingham, Newcastle
1107 kHz – Merseyside, West Sussex, South Kent, Torbay, The Wash, Hampshire
The 1089 and 1053 kHz frequencies were originally used by BBC Radio 1 between November 1978 and June 1994.
It is also transmitted across the UK digitally via DAB digital radio, Freeview, Sky, Virgin Media and Freesat. Talksport is also streamed online; however, due to rights restrictions on live coverage, some live sport commentaries are not available online.
Since August 2011, several shows on Talksport have been available on Sirius XM satellite radio in the US and Canada.
During the 2006 Football world championship TalkSport was available on Digital Radio DAB in some German cities.
Audience
According to the RAJAR audience figures for Q3/2018, Talksport's audience is 2,959,000. Talksport 2 has an audience of 329,000.
Talksport 2
The new station launched on 15 March 2016 as part of a Sound Digital's successful bid for second national commercial DAB multiplex. The launch date coincided with the opening day of the 2016 Cheltenham Festival.
Talksport 2 is a 24-hour sports station which focuses on a broad range of live sporting action from the UK and around the world and includes rugby, cricket, tennis, golf, football and horse racing, plus US sport. On its first day, Talksport 2 broadcast commentary of India v New Zealand in the ICC World Twenty20, Atlético Madrid v PSV Eindhoven in the Champions League and Indian Wells Masters tennis.
In its first two-years on-air, Talksport 2 acquired broadcast rights to Aviva Premiership, Super League, ATP World Tour Masters 1000, French Open, ICC World Twenty20, NatWest t20 Blast, Royal London One-Day Cup, Indian Premier League, WGC Match Play, La Liga, MotoGP, ICC Champions Trophy, Premier League, English Football League, Champions League and Europa League.
It has broadcast specialist programming dedicated to the Football League, La Liga, European football, horse racing rugby league, rugby union, boxing, cricket, tennis, NBA, US sport, and golf.
From January 2019, Talksport 2 re-positioned as a rolling sports news and live sport station.
The winning bid also saw the return of Talkradio, as well as Virgin Radio. Former Talksport chief executive Kelvin MacKenzie had proposed a rival sports station as part of Listen2Digital's opposing bid for the second national commercial DAB multiplex.
Talksport International
Talksport is the global audio partner of the Premier League, which enables them to broadcast commentary of every Premier League match outside the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland in several languages including English, Spanish and Mandarin.
Talksport International also broadcasts selected fixtures in the FA Cup, League Cup and provides commentaries for Amazon Music's Bundesliga coverage.
Talksport South Africa
In April 2014, Talksport announced plans to launch South Africa’s first 24-hour sports radio station.
The medium wave licence will broadcast to a potential audience of eight million people covering Gauteng province and taking in the commercial and administrative hubs of Johannesburg and Pretoria.
It is claimed Talksport 540AM will be modeled on its sister station in the UK to "deliver first class sports journalism, high quality debate and live match commentary to the South African audience."
Other media
Soccer Bet was a short-lived 68-page weekly magazine which Talksport had hoped would appeal to football fans that enjoyed betting on games. It was designed in a smaller A5 format to make it easy for fans to carry and the launch was backed by a £500,000 promotional campaign. Soccer Bet lasted just two months before it was axed in October 2003 due to poor sales.
Talksport TV launched in October 2004 platform broadcasting for six hours a day on the Sky Digital television platform aiming to catch listeners who've come home from work. The service amounted to little more than the televisualisation of TalkSport's broadcasters and pundits presenting the station's Drive Time and Kick Off programmes. The channel closed in 2005 following the takeover of Talksport by UTV Radio.
Talk Radio was set to return to the airwaves as a station on DAB digital radio in 2008 after Ofcom awarded a second DAB digital radio national commercial multiplex to the 4 Digital Group consortium led by Channel 4. However, the station never launched after Channel 4 announced that it was abandoning its plans for digital radio stations
Talksport Magazine launched in May 2008 as a weekly online-only digital publication to extend the station's brand beyond the radio. The magazine was integrated into the newly relaunched Talksport website in 2010
Sport was targeted at the affluent male and hand distributed in locations across the country including London mainline and tube stations. It was also available at many hotels, gyms and airports
Books, DVDs, and games
Talksport Road Trip is a DVD including exclusive footage of the English team and a host of celebrity interviews at the 2006 World Cup released in 2006
Talksport Legends & Anthems is a three-CD package, released in 2009, featuring 40 tracks by artists such as The Who, The Cure, The Killers, Stevie Wonder, Rod Stewart, and Elton John on two of the discs as well as a bonus CD with out-takes and highlights of Talksport
Ten Years of Talksport is a book describing the station's history. Originally released in 2009, an updated version of the book including two new chapters was released in 2011
The Talksport Book of World Cup Banter – Released in 2010, this is a book of football facts about the FIFA World Cup
The TalkSport Book of Cricket's Best Ever Sledges features contributions from Talksport presenters Darren Gough and Ronnie Irani among others, recounting 'sledging' (mind-games within cricket). Released in 2010
Controversies
June 2000: Talksport caused a stir with the BBC after it was revealed Talksport had been broadcasting their live commentaries of matches at Euro 2000 from television monitors rather than from each of the stadia due to the lack of available broadcast rights. Talksport's commentary team included Alan Parry, Jim Proudfoot, Mark Tompkins, Alvin Martin and Frank Stapleton.
April 2002: Tommy Boyd and his production team were sacked from Talksport after a call from someone who wanted to shoot the Royal Family went through on air. Boyd went on record that he did not share the views of the caller
June 2002: Talksport broadcast unofficial coverage of the 2002 World Cup taking place in Japan and South Korea. The station flags up their inability to broadcast live from the stadia, with them taking out full page advertisements in national newspapers containing the tag line "It's unauthorised. It's unofficial. And it's brilliant." Jim Proudfoot and Alvin Martin are Talksport's main commentary team from their studios in London
February 2003: Talksport received over 200 complaints for giving a platform to the controversial Muslim extremist cleric Abu Hamza. Hamza and his aides are invited into the station to contribute to a religious debate on The James Whale Show, alongside other Christian, Jewish, and Muslim delegates. On the night of the live broadcast, 24 February, a mass of protesters gather outside the station's London studios. Despite this, both Whale and head of programming Bill Ridley defended the station for having invited Hamza onto the programme.
March 2004: Alan Brazil is fired by Talksport after his failure to show up to present The Sports Breakfast on Friday 19 March after spending three days at the Cheltenham Festival. He was reinstated less than three weeks later.
May 2006: Alan Brazil is reportedly given three months notice by Talksport after bust-up with the station's management. Less than two months later, Brazil and Talksport management held talks and the former Ipswich Town and Scotland footballer signed a new long-term contract with the station.
June 2006: The Sports Breakfast presenter Alan Brazil got in trouble with Ofcom for referring to the Japanese as "the nips" during the World Cup in Germany
August 2007: Mike Mendoza and Garry Bushell made derogatory comments about gay people, and the station was subsequently censured by regulator Ofcom. Bushell left soon after, when his six-month contract expired.
May 2008: James Whale was dismissed by Talksport after twice urging listeners to vote for Boris Johnson in the 2008 London Mayoral Election. The station was subsequently fined £20,000 by Ofcom in December 2008.
November 2008: Controversial presenter Jon Gaunt was fired for repeatedly calling a local councillor a "Nazi". Gaunt has since sought legal action for unfair dismissal, but any potential case has yet to go to court. His campaign was backed by Liberty activist Shami Chakrabarti, who had previously been one of Gaunt's pet hates.
November 2008: Rod Lucas was dropped by Talksport, and the company stated they had "no plans to use him in the immediate future" after the membership list of the BNP which was leaked on a Google blog named him as one of its members. The station clarified that this wasn't a sacking as Lucas was only a temporary member of staff. The presenter himself claimed that his membership of the party was part of a covert research project.
February 2011: Talksport hired former Sky Sports pundit and commentators Andy Gray and Richard Keys a fortnight after the pair were fired from Sky Sports for being at the centre of a sexism controversy.
April 2017: Ofcom upheld complaints against Mike Parry and Mike Graham for comments made on their daytime show the previous December, in which they laughed while telling anecdotes about one of their former colleagues at the Daily Express who allegedly sexually harassed female co-workers. Talksport said in their statement that the two presenters were laughing at the lack of action against sexual harassment rather than the harassment itself.
References
External links
Category:News and talk radio stations in the United Kingdom
Category:Wireless Group
Category:Radio stations established in 1995
Category:Sports radio stations in the United Kingdom
Category:Radio stations in London
Category:1995 establishments in the United Kingdom |
Does Your Sanding Make Sense? "Trouble starts when taking off more than a belt can handle, or taking off more than the scratch pattern of the previous head. These are the most common mistakes in sanding... It can be incredibly frustrating to see a company trapped in a prison of their own design because they really never und ......
A Tale of Two Grit Sequences Sophisticated practical advice on the wise sequence of grit choices for a belt sander to optimize sanding effectiveness while removing final scratches and preventing burnishing defects. November 12, 2014
Hardwood Lumber Tallies Are you being shorted on a lumber delivery? The answer could depend on the fine points of board-foot calculations. April 19, 2015
Making Acrylic Cabinetry Solid sheet acrylic and acrylic veneer are opening a new niche in cabinetmaking. Here is some background information and an extensive set of photo examples of finished work. November 29, 2014
Vocabulary for Frameless Cabinet Parts "What do you call that thing?" The terminology used to describe the various structural elements of a frameless cabinet appears to vary widely throughout the industry. June 16, 2014
Marketing and Selling Outsourced Cabinets Here's an insightful discussion of the practical aspects of outsourcing cabinet parts for the small shop, in light of customer perceptions of the value of the end product. November 23, 2008
Work-Station Shop Organization Systems Thoughts on a shop setup that involves moving the workpiece from station to station, rather than moving pieces and tools onto and off of a single work bench.May 23, 2011
Blind woodworker's story A blind cabinetmaker tells the story of his education and career in woodworking. (From WOODWEB's Cabinetmaking Forum) January 21, 2003
Outsourcing Pros and Cons Outsourcing door production is a no-brainer except when it's not. This discussion looks at door production from both sides. July 5, 2011
Bidding Wars Heat Up In a tough economy, price undercutting can get extreme. Here, a cabinetmaker's anecdote sets off a long discussion of price competition and reality. August 11, 2009
Scribing three edges Templates, tic sticking and more for efficient scribing in difficult situations. September 20, 2003
Are Solid Wood Cabinets Practical to Build? A long, highly informative discussion of the practical and other issues involved in building and selling cabinetry made from solid wood rather than plywood or composites. February 26, 2007
Tooling Up to Make Doors An extended discussion of the best investment in equipment for a cabinetmaker who wants to start making his own doors. March 26, 2010
Pros and Cons of Outsourcing Doors Here's a detailed and lively discussion among cabinetmakers and door specialists about the key issues in outsourcing doors, including schedules, quality, efficiency, cost, and making good on mistakes. October 26, 2007
Small Shop Struggles A one-employee cabinet shop owner gets wide-ranging practical advice on managing his fledgling business. The voice of experience, from pros who have been there. August 29, 2005
Setting Shop Temperature A long discussion about how warm (or cool) to keep a shop, whether to turn the heat down at night and over the weekend, and the effect on costs, productivity, and quality of different practices. December 24, 2012
Square Edges and Edgebanding Woodweb's Cabinetmaking forum straightens out a shop owner who has been edgebanding after putting cabinets together. Along the way there's a detailed discussion of how to produce square edge cuts, even with basic equipment. March 3, 2009
Backyard Shop Ideas Here's lots of advice for a first-time shop builder from cabinetmakers who have been there and done that (with a side discussion about relating to the neighbors). January 28, 2009
Making Money on Custom Installs How can a 2-man operation stay profitable on cabinetry installations? A discussion of costs, pricing, planning, and time management for installing custom work. July 27, 2008
Plywood Thickness for Cabinet Construction What starts out as a question about 1/4" versus 1/2" plywood for cabinet backs, turns into a long discussion of what plywood cabinetmakers prefer for building carcases, and why. January 20, 2007
Defining "Custom Cabinets" What is a "custom" cabinet, and what do terms like "semi-custom" and "stock cabinet" mean? Pros discuss the dividing line between craftsmanship and mass production. December 28, 2005
Cabinet Door Shop Set-Up Necessities Specializing in cabinet doors isn't a business you can easily jump into. Here's a lively discussion about "barriers to entry" the minimum scale required for success, and the equipment you'll need to compete. December 14, 2009
Door Sanding Quality Issues Here's advice on setting quality standards for cabinet door final sanding, and meeting the goals in a competitive market. April 2, 2013
Pricing Kitchen Cabinets Price by the foot, or by the box? Cabinetmakers discuss the pros and cons of different estimating and pricing methods. May 20, 2006
Stickley Design A question about Stickley style provokes answers starting with a discussion about rift-sawn and quartersawn oak, and ending with a wide-ranging ramble (or was that rumble?) about Gustav Stickley, the Arts and Crafts movement, history, and the philosophy of work and play. Some pictures of cabinets he ......
Cabinet Shop Growing Pains A cabinet shop owner gets advice on expanding his production volume while integrating some complex new software into his workflow. July 12, 2008
Preparing Face Frame Stock A lively discussion among cabinetmakers about whether, when, and how to joint, plane, or sand stock for face frames. October 8, 2005
Quality Control in Cabinet Door Fabrication This conversation starts with a question about adhesive choices for frame and panel door construction, but broadens out into a discussion about the acceptable incidence of defects across a range of door quality measures. December 9, 2013
Melamine: Why? If you think melamine is for cheap manufactured imported cabinets, think again. This discussion explores the varied character of melamine, including its appropriate use in some top-dollar projects. August 16, 2012
Selling Factory-Made and Custom Cabinet Lines When you offer both your own custom-made cabinetry and a less expensive line of factory cabs, pricing and selling strategies become complicated. Here's a long and thoughtful discussion. January 19, 2011
Whether to Rebuild an Edgebander Here's a savvy discussion of the pros and cons of replacing a few important parts on an edgebander to keep it running for more years. June 15, 2014
Attention, Safety Practices, and Loose Nuts A woodworker describes how a moment's inattention damaged his machine but luckily, not him. The tale sets off a long thread of similar stories (including one fatality) and lessons learned. November 16, 2011
Entry-Level Edgebanding Here's a discussion of how to accomplish occasional and incidental edgebanding with decent quality, when you don't do enough of that kind of work to justify a big investment. August 19, 2013
Baby Steps toward More Efficient Sanding A small shop owner considers stepping up to a drum sander or stroke sander, or just investing in more compressor capacity and some pneumatic hand sanders. October 27, 2011
Face Frame Joinery The definitive, final, last-word discussion on all the ways there are to assemble face frames, until next time. June 28, 2007
Should I Specialize in Door Production? These days, the cabinet door industry is highly competitive and has low margins. Here's a discussion of the realities of starting a door-making business. March 25, 2007
Pricing Custom Cabinets and Trim Even within one local market, prices can be all over the map. Balancing careful itemized estimating against local market conditions can help you turn a decent profit. August 23, 2006
Frame-and-Panel Carcases Versus Applied End Panels What's better, building a plywood box and attaching frame-and-panel elements to it, or using the raised-panel frames as structural elements in the cabinet? Cabinetmakers discuss history, technique, and the state of the art. June 5, 2006
Sanding Shaker Door Edges Cabinetmakers describe how they manage to get square door edges sanded while maintaining a consistent size. June 16, 2014
Speeding up the Work with a Value Stream Map Drawing a map to visualize the steps in the production process helps cabinet shops streamline their processes and focus on productive activities instead of on moving parts around. October 2, 2007
Efficient Drawer-Front Installation In this long, detailed discussion, cabinet pros swap techniques for attaching drawer fronts and discuss how to improve efficiency and accuracy of this fussy and time-consuming step. September 8, 2007
What's the Best Tool for Cutting Panels? A start-up shop owner asks whether he should purchase a sliding table saw, a vertical panel saw, or maybe even a beam saw. Experienced hands offer thoughtful opinions. July 6, 2005
Out-of-Level Floor Problem A cabinet job for a new house with an out-of-level floor leads to a callback. Pros weigh in with views and technical advice. August 29, 2005
Getting Mahogany Flat Very hard woods with alternating grain patterns sometimes develop waviness when sanded with wide-belt equipment. Here's an extensive discussion of the characteristics of Mahogany, and of ways to approach it using both hand tools and power equipment. November 12, 2005
Setting and Leveling Base Cabinets A discussion of various methods for setting base cabs, including using a separate ladder base, using leg levelers, or using a wall cleat at the back and leg levelers in the front. March 26, 2009
Kitchen Pricing for Newbies So this guy's trying to figure out how much to charge for building a kitchen for a relative. Naturally, it's all relative. But beginners could begin to grasp the basics of pricing from this discussion. June 8, 2008
Cabinet Refacing Labor Hours Making a profit on cabinet refacing depends on being productive on site. Here are some thoughts on the labor time required with various methods. May 28, 2010
Assessing a Used Edgebander Advice on checking a previously owned edgebander for typical wear and tear issues, and some complaints about the inconsistent thickness of edgebanding these days. August 19, 2013
Comparing Assembly Methods for Euro Cab Construction Starting with a question about entry-level cabinet assembly, and bypassing a digression about business qualifications, this thread digs deep into the relative advantages of different assembly methods and process systems for a production cabinet shop. April 27, 2011
Responsibility for a Too-Dark Finish A cabinetmaker is being asked to hold the bag for the poor work done by a painter who the customer hired. In this thread, professionals suggest ways to handle the problem. November 11, 2005
Blade Choices for Table Saws Thoughts on which saw blades work best for which materials, and some general info on saw blade characteristics and maintenance. December 27, 2010
Rough P-Lam Edges, Specs, and AWI Standards A bad case of chip-out on some laminated door edges leads to an informative discussion of AWI standards and quality specifications, along with some good guesses about what caused the unacceptable chip-out. November 23, 2012
Edgebander or Small CNC? A part-time garage-shop cabinetmaker gets advice on whether his next investment should be a CNC or an edgebander. Good thoughts on both sides in this long thread. October 11, 2007
Mitered Versus Cope and Stick Door Joinery A customer's red herring about "strength" of mitered versus square door joinery leads to a discussion of the pros and cons of different door construction joints from the cabinetmaker's point of view.June 7, 2011
Finding Software for Design and Visualization It's hard to find one application that will quickly create design visualizations for a customer during a sales meeting, but also generate good designs suitable for construction in the shop. This thread offers some insight into software capabilities and some nice example drawings. December 28, 2010 ......
Router Table Add-ons With a router lift, precision fence, and some customizing, a router table can "kinda-sorta" stand in as a poor man's shaper. November 26, 2006
Figuring Out Woodshop Power Requirements Amps, volts, watts, horsepower, and all that jazz: here's an instructive thread on how to figure out if a building's power supply will support your plans for shop equipment. July 9, 2007
Relationships with Edgebanders No two ways about it, edgebanders are temperamental. Here's an extended discussion on getting through the working day with your useful but finicky mechanical partner. December 7, 2007
Switching to Factory-Built Cabinets A Gulf Coast cabinetmaker has had good luck with a line of factory cabinets. His story triggers a discussion of today's market realities and the pros and cons of adding factory-made cabs to your business model. November 10, 2006
Gluing Teak to Plywood Advice on surface prep and adhesive choice for glue-up of teak and plywood doors on a boat. October 13, 2010
Thirty-Inch Deep Base Cabinets Extra depth brings cabinet faces out flush with a standard refrigerator, but it introduces other complications. In this discussion, cabinetmakers share techniques for building 30-inch deep cabinets that work. December 28, 2005
Mixing African and Honduras Mahogany A long discussion of the woodworking characteristics of various Mahogany types and substitutes, and the practicality of combining different woods in a single door. June 29, 2008
Installing Drawer Faces A long, detailed discussion about various ways to accurately and rapidly attach drawer fronts when installing cabinets. February 16, 2012
Cabinet Refacing Can it work as a business? Pros share business and tech tips. June 17, 2005
Screws for Joining Face Frames Together A cabinet installer finds his crews are snapping the occasional screw when connecting adjoining face frames in the field. Here's a discussion of installation methods, clamps, and fastening hardware. December 27, 2007
Building a Shop Cabinet shop owners converse about what they would do differently if they were to build their shop all over again, again. August 14, 2007
One-Man Installation Setup Small cabinet-shop owners explain how they organize bringing their tools and supplies to the jobsite for installations. March 9, 2008
Screw Through a Water Pipe: Whose Fault? It's a typical snafu: the cabinet installer hits a water pipe with a screw. This thread is a collection of examples, with descriptions of who covered the repair cost. August 16, 2012
Outsourcing Cabinet Installation There are good reasons to install your own cabinets, and good reasons to have someone else do it. Here, installers and cabinetmakers discuss the fine points of communication and cooperation among specialists. August 3, 2005
Re-Flattening a Warped Countertop A beautiful wood countertop warped after it was finished on one side only, then stored for years. This discussion is about making it flat again by kerfing the underside and clamping the piece. September 16, 2008
Appliance Size Specifications Rant Here's a universal complain from cabinetmakers: it's dern near impossible to find out the dimensions of a kitchen appliance without measuring the actual appliance.November 27, 2012
Expanding Table Saw Capacity Woodworkers discuss choosing a second table saw, building on an outfeed table, using a "shoot board," and other ways to expand panel ripping and crosscutting capacity. August 3, 2009
Setting Up a 32mm Stop System Tips on the "Sticks" 32mm stop system from Metricks, and general advice on getting started with 32mm Euro cabinetry methods. August 31, 2009
Keeping the Glue Pot Clean This thread starts with a question about glue brands, but evolves into a discussion about how to operate the glue-pot edgebander to avoid charring of glue and reduce the need for cleaning the equipment. November 2, 2010
Face Frames: Re-face Versus Replace Here's an interesting thread about the advantages of replacing just a cabinet face frame, instead of refacing the cabinet or replacing it altogether. June 11, 2014
What to Do When a Customer Bid-Shops You Pros give advice on handling the situation where a customer asks a cabinetmaker to price-compete with a low-ball bidder. (Note: The good guys won this one.) February 17, 2006
Straight Line Ripping on Two Edges Cabinetmakers discuss the difficulty, cost, benefits, and drawbacks of buying lumber that has been straight line ripped on two edges or buying the equipment and doing it yourself. October 13, 2012
Plywood Vs. Solid Wood What do you mean by "solid, dude"? In this thread, cabinetmakers communicate about wood, plywood, particleboard, veneers, core materials, core values, and symbolic forms of expression. It's all in good fun. October 8, 2005
Finished Versus Unfinished Cabinet Installations In some areas, cabinets are often delivered unfinished and sprayed on site, but in other markets that's practically unheard-of. Here, cabinetmakers discuss the pros and cons of both approaches. May 23, 2007
"Green" Cabinetry Environmentally-friendly or non-toxic cabinet work has become an important market niche. In this thread, cabinetmakers discuss the ins and outs of meeting customer expectations for "green" cabinets. September 4, 2005
Touching Up the Burnt Ends of a Routed Flute Here's advice on cleaning up the rounded end of a flute if the router leaves burn marks and on scraper sharpening, and on how to avoid those burn marks to begin with. February 11, 2010
Squaring up a Vertical Panel Saw Here's advice on tweaking a second-hand vertical panel saw into square (with the proviso that a trained tech will do it faster and better).February 16, 2014
Feets Don't Fail Me Now All day on on your feet on a concrete shop floor is an rX for full-body pain. In this thread from the Cabinetmaking forum, old hands with old feet tell where they stand on personal footwear. October 1, 2005
Setting Up to Build Cabinet Doors Even if you usually outsource, building your own doors in special circumstances can make sense. Here's advice on machinery and tooling for that scenario. June 16, 2014
Miter Joinery in a Wood Countertop In principle, a miter joint in wood is problematic because of moisture-related expansion and contraction. But some installers say that if the whole countertop is left free to move, the joint will be okay. January 25, 2013
Equipment Choices A closet contractor shopping for an edgebander, boring machine, and panel saw considers his machinery options, new versus used equipment, and whether to lease or buy. November 11, 2005
Installing Built-Ins Over Carpet Should built-in cabinets be installed over existing carpet, or should the carpet be cut away and re-attached at the joint? Craftsmen debate the point. July 24, 2005
Joinery for Cabinet Drawer Boxes What's the best joint for a drawer box, asks a shop owner who wants to supply drawers for the trade? Cabinetmakers share their thoughts on drawer joinery and on supplying the outsourcing market. November 22, 2005
Delivery Truck Choices How best to move cabinets: Truck or trailer? Purchase or lease? Or just hire a moving company? Shop owners kick the topic around. September 4, 2005
Compressor Choices for Pneumatic Sanders It takes a lot of air to power air sanders, but many shop owners consider the upgrade worthwhile. Here's extensive advice on compressor choice, with additional tips on setup and operation. September 8, 2007
Jointing Door Stock Twice Is a shop worker being too careful and creating double work? How much trouble is it worth to be extra sure that door parts are precisely milled? January 19, 2012
Sliding Table Attachment Woodworkers report varying degrees of satisfaction with sliding table attachments for their tablesaws. One big factor may be how carefully you first set the equipment up. December 14, 2005
Balanced Laminating Over Melamine Here's a detailed discussion about whether it's okay to apply laminate over just one face of a melamine door, and about various other ways to achieve the same product. October 12, 2012
Applied Mouldings on Cabinet Doors Tips on how to achieve production-shop speed and custom-shop quality when applying mouldings to frame-and-panel cabinet doors. September 23, 2006
Tricked-Out Job Trailers An extended thread on how to customize your "shop on wheels" for convenience and efficiency. August 13, 2007
Solid Surface as a Shelf Nosing An architect's query sets off a spirited discussion of using solid surface material for shelf nosings. Appropriate adhesives, durability, and movement rates are issues (and yes, it has been done before). June 10, 2006
Trimming Out a Boat Finish carpentry and cabinetry are a whole different game when you're working on a boat. December 8, 2010
Boring Machines Casework assembly methods that rely on evenly-spaced 32-mm holes are most efficient when you have high-volume precision equipment to bore the holes. Here's a rundown on the options in machinery for that purpose. September 18, 2008
Choosing a Phase Converter Here's advice on choosing a phase converter to bump up two-phase power to supply three-phase motors, with some explanation of how those gizmos actually work. January 31, 2012
A Cabinet as a Shower Wall? Crazy as it sounds, this question is real: In a tight-space remodel, how to build cabinets so their back side can be tiled and serve as the wall of a shower. Read and learn. May 6, 2007
Boosting Air Supply You can step up to a beefier compressor, or you can tweak your setup by adding buffer air tanks and another small compressor to work in tandem with existing equipment. October 26, 2011
Shopping for a Slider Comparing and contrasting two makes of sliding table saw, with comments about the fine points of user-friendliness. February 2, 2011
Finishing Wood Edges of Laminate Tops Suppose you want to edge-band laminate tops before finishing the edgebanding? Here are some creative ideas for protecting the laminate top from overspray while finishing just the edge. May 22, 2007
Cabinet Pocket Doors and Adjustable Shelves A construction problem: how to build a cabinet with adjustable shelves, inset into a wall, with doors that open out and slide back into recesses next to the cabinet. August 30, 2010
Equipment Issues for Final Door Sanding Cross-grain scratches from the wide-belt, then swirl marks from the random-orbit sanders what's the solution to minimize the final hand-sanding stage? November 26, 2006
Do Edgebanders Provide Perfect Output? Few, if any edgebanders will consistently produce panels that can pass your thumb's feel test and none will without continual tending by a good operator. December 27, 2006
Quarter-Inch Plywood for Cabinet Backs Cabinetmakers discuss whether it's wise to economize by using quarter-inch plywood and a stiffening strip for cabinet backs, rather than half-inch or three-quarter-inch material. July 5, 2006
Free Span Limits of Cabinet Shelving For wide cabinets with double doors and no center stile, how far is too far for the shelves to span? Here are suggestions for stiffening wide span shelving. March 27, 2012
Shaper Choice for Making Door Panels A 5 horsepower shaper gives you some extra power when you need it, but you can get by with 3 horsepower. Here's an extended discussion of the options. April 16, 2009
Shopping for a Used Slider Cabinetmakers discuss the desireable and undesirable attributes to consider in purchasing a previously owned sliding table saw on a budget. November 15, 2011
Making a Full-Height Cabinet Fit A full-ceiling-height refrigerator cabinet can be a bear to install, because you can't tip it up (the diagonal is too long). Here's a useful thread on solving that problem. January 20, 2007
Fine-Tuning an Edgebander Detailed advice on tweaking the edgebander so that edges don't require hand-trimming or sanding. November 30, 2009
Cabinet Assembler Productivity How many cabs should an assembler put together daily, assuming all the pieces are cut and ready? In this thread, bosses and workers offer their perspectives. November 12, 2005
Drawer Front Adjustment Issues Drawers with a sub-front and applied face offer the chance to adjust fit on site or during assembly. But what about four-piece drawer boxes with no sub-front? April 29, 2011
Sanding and Squaring Raised Panel Doors It's typical to build raised-panel doors a hair over-size so that they can be squared up accurately as a final step. In this thread, cabinetmakers describe the various ways they go about it. April 18, 2011
Sanding Cabinet Doors Efficiently Final sanding on cabinet doors can hold back productivity. Here, shop owners discuss means and methods for sanding door faces and profiles in a production environment. October 22, 2005
Life as a Cabinetmaker "Would you do it all over again?" asks a cabinet shop owner after five years of struggling with business realities. Heartfelt responses prove that building cabinets is no easy way to make a buck. February 21, 2006
Blind Dadoes Versus Dowel Joinery A discussion of the efficiency and accuracy trade-offs involved in switching from blind-dado and screw construction to dowel joinery. August 8, 2008
Competition for Installation Contracts A cabinetmaker complains that his installation sub started working directly for the builder. The story sets off a discussion on fair competition in the new-construction market. November 11, 2005
Sanding Door Edges The group agrees that a spindle sander is a bad idea for sanding door edges; instead, here are tips on edge sanders. February 16, 2012
Bleeding Space-Ball Blues Space balls have been known to exude a mysterious fluid that can show up in the finish of a raised panel door, leading to possible heart palpitations. (Not really, but it is disturbing.) February 20, 2008
Measuring-Tape Accuracy Finding an accurate tape measure is a challenge. Ensuring an accurate match between two different tapes is even more challenging. July 11, 2007
Kitchen Design: Symmetry Versus Functionality Here's a nice exercise in cabinet design: Whether to choose cabinet sizes for symmetrical appearance, even though it will call for special hardware to make a trash pull-out work.January 31, 2012
Crown Moulding for Uneven Height Cabinets Alternating high and low upper cabinets create a puzzle when it's time to apply crown molding at the top. Here, installers share ideas and show finished examples. July 24, 2005
Glue Injection Techniques When laminate or veneer is lifting, you can make a slit, inject adhesive, and clamp for a clean repair. Here are some detailed tips on getting the glue where it needs to go. February 20, 2008
The editors, writers, and staff at WOODWEB try to promote safe practices.
What is safe for one woodworker under certain conditions may not be safe
for others in different circumstances. Readers should undertake the use
of materials and methods discussed at WOODWEB after considerate evaluation,
and at their own risk. |
Acrylate, methacrylate and other unsaturated monomers are widely used in coatings, adhesives, sealants, and elastomers, and may be crosslinked by ultraviolet light radiation or peroxide initiated free radical cure. These are typically low molecular weight multifunctional compounds which may be volatile or readily absorbed through skin and can cause adverse health effects. Functionalized polymers may overcome some of these drawbacks; generally, polymers are nonvolatile compounds, not readily absorbed through skin. However, multistep syntheses may be required, low functionality may be detrimental to reactivity and final properties, and catalyst or initiator may be required to effect crosslinking.
The Michael addition of acetoacetate donor compounds to multiacrylate receptor compounds to make crosslinked polymers has been described in the literature. For example, Mozner and Rheinberger reported the Michael addition of acetoacetates having a .beta.-dicarbonyl group to triacrylates and tetracrylates. Macromolecular Rapid Communications 16, 135-138 (1995). The products formed were crosslinked gels. In one of the reactions, Mozner added one mole of trimethylol propane triacrylate (TMPTA) having 3 functional groups to one mole of polyethylene glycol (600 molecular weight) diacetoacetate (PEG600-DAA) having two functional groups. (Each "acetoacetate functional group" reacts twice, thus each mole of diacetoacetate has four reactive equivalents.) ##STR1## Mole Ratio of TMPTA: PEG 600 DAA=1:1 Ratio of acrylate: acetoacetate functional groups=3:2
Ratio of reactive equivalents=3:4 |
Q:
How to turn off Flutter page transition animations
I have a Flutter MaterialApp.
When I navigate between pages it makes a slide left animation.
I don't want any transition animations between page changes.
void main() {
runApp(MaterialApp(
//home: MainScreen(),
initialRoute: '/',
routes: {
'/': (context) => MenuPage(),
'/page2': (context) => Page2(),
}
));
}
How do I turn off the page transition animations ?
A:
Use the below code to navigate without animation.
Navigator.push(context, PageRouteBuilder(pageBuilder: (_, __, ___) =>
YourScreenName(),
transitionDuration: Duration(seconds: 0),
),
);
|
Most relevant response in one of the blog responses I found, albeit for XP and Vista, is below.
Still wonder if 2+1 is really giving me any edge over 2+2gb RAM or if I can just save the money and return the 2gb to the store.
Anna N28 Jul 2008 5:19 AMMy rule of the thumb, 1GB for XP on subnotebook (more RAM means higher power and shorter battery life), 2GB for every other XP, 4GB for Vista. More than 4GB only on 64bit Vista AND only if you have profiled demanding application you need to use and it needs more RAM.
Yes, there's a reason to have 4GB under 32bit OS, and that is because most graphic cards have 512MB or less, so even after drivers' memory holes you have usually much more than 2GB available, and that's useful for caching (so for casual usage, too), especially under Vista. 4GB is (on current platforms) better than 3GB because of dual channel memory so 2x2GB means better memory performance than 2GB+1GB. This may change on triple-channel Nehalem, maybe 3x1GB will be better.
Re: Usable RAM stays at 2.75gb when upgrading from 3 to 4bg
You'll need a 64-bit OS to get all 4GB.
Going from 3 to 4 isn't too significant on the X100e as you'll likely be bottlenecked by the CPU. Still, if you need the RAM, by all means. Heavy browsing will require a fair bit of RAM.
Re: Usable RAM stays at 2.75gb when upgrading from 3 to 4bg
thanks. Are you saying that my video memory is taking 1.25gb right now? If it just takes .25gb then i am wondering what happens to the remaining 1gb. can the applications or any part of the OS make good use of that? if not i'll just put back the 1gb card and return my second 2gb card to the store. |
The Saunton indigo jeans have been cut in our new slim tapered shape for a contemporary take on a classic style. Pair with a white t-shirt, a black leather jacket and sand Chelsea boots for an effortless off-duty look. |
Schuyler Hamilton Jr.
Schuyler Hamilton Jr. (January 4, 1853 – February 13, 1907) was an American architect and the great-grandson of Alexander Hamilton.
Early life
He was the son of Schuyler Hamilton (1822–1903) and Cornelia Ray (1829–1867). His father, a General during the Civil War, remarried in 1886 to Louisa Francis Paine Allen (1832-1898) at the Park Hotel in Manhattan. He had two brothers, Robert Ray Hamilton (1851–1890), who served in the New York State Assembly, and Charles Althrop Hamilton (1858–1875), who died aged 17.
His maternal grandparents were Robert Ray (1794–1879), a merchant, and Cornelia Prime (1800–1874). His paternal grandparents were John Church Hamilton (1792–1882) and Maria Eliza van den Heuvel. His paternal great-grandparents included Alexander Hamilton (1755/7–1804), a Founding Father of the United States, Elizabeth Schuyler (1757–1854), and Baron John Cornelius van den Heuvel, the one-time governor of Dutch Guiana. Through his aunt Elizabeth Hamilton (1831–1884), he was the nephew of Gen. Henry Wager Halleck and Gen. George Washington Cullum.
Career
Hamilton graduated from Columbia College, first from the art department in 1872, and then from the science department in 1876.
Following his graduation, he trained and became an architect, earning a reputation for "skill and praiseworthy originality."
Following Hamilton's divorce in 1894, he rented a cottage in Newport, Rhode Island the following summer and after it closed on August 1, 1895, he stated that he was going west to California to engage in mining. In January 1898, he filed a petition for bankruptcy, showing nominal assets of $115,361 in a "reversionary interest" in the estate of his brother, Robert Ray Hamilton, who committed suicide in 1890.
Hamilton was a member of the University Club of New York, the St. Anthony Club, the Sons of the American Revolution and the Columbia University Alumni Association.
Personal life
On April 11, 1877, Hamilton married Gertrude Van Cortlandt Wells (1849–1944), daughter of Alexander Wells (1819–1854), an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of California, in Ossining, New York. Before their divorce in 1894, they were the parents of:
Violet Loring Hamilton (1882–1936), who married Austin Sherwood Rothwell (1890–1941), son of John Rothwell, in 1917.
Schuyler Van Cortlandt Hamilton (b. 1884), who married Virginia Marshall, an actress, in 1909.
Gertrude Ray Hamilton (1887–1961), who married Paul Leavenworth McCulloch (1887–1962)
Helena Van Wyck Hamilton (1888–1888), who died young.
Lillian Gardiner Hamilton (1890–1890), who died young.
Shortly after their divorce, she married the Baron Raoul Nicholas de Graffenried thereby becoming the Baroness de Graffenried, and Hamilton married Jane Byrd Mercer (1867–1899), the daughter of Richard Sprigg Mercer (1823–1873) and the granddaughter of Governor John Francis Mercer of Maryland, in 1895. During their marriage, they generally spent their summers in Europe, generally at Dinard, France, where Hamilton had a villa. They remained married until her death, due to an overdose of morphine at her home in the Florence Apartment House, in 1899.
In January 1902, he married for the third time to Mrs. E. G. Hebbard, the widow of Rev. Dr. George P. Hebbard of South Norwalk, Connecticut, an Episcopalian clergyman who died who fell from a train and was killed.
Hamilton died from an acute attack of Bright's disease on February 13, 1907. He was buried at Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn, New York.
References
External links
Category:1853 births
Category:1907 deaths
Category:Schuyler family
Schuyler Jr.
Category:American people of Dutch descent
Category:Burials at Green-Wood Cemetery |
Despite Russia's pressure to include the PKK-affiliated Democratic Union Party (PYD) in the Syria talks beginning in Geneva on Friday, the United Nations is taking into account Turkey and Syria's concerns while claiming the opposition did not send an invitation to PYD leader Salih Muslim. Evaluating Turkey's position, presidential spokesperson ambassador İbrahim Kalın said on Wednesday that Turkey will be represented at the highest level of the negotiations. Reiterating Turkey's opposition to PYD participation in the negotiations, Kalın underlined that Turkey's objections have been shared by other countries as well. "The groups that were supposed to participate in the negotiations were actually set long ago. The Syrian opposition held a meeting in Riyadh and the groups that will participate in the Geneva talks were declared there. This last minute attempt to include it in the talks ... is contrary to the efforts and talks so far," Kalın said.His remarks came just hours after French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius said U.N. Special Envoy to Syria Staffan de Mistura had told him that he would not be inviting the PYD to the peace talks in Geneva and that a moderate opposition group would lead the negotiations. "Mr. de Mistura sent invitations ... the PYD group was causing the most problems, and Mr. de Mistura told me he had not sent them an invitation letter," Fabius said on Wednesday.On Tuesday, the U.N. envoy Staffan de Mistura sent invitations to representatives of the Kurdish group the Syrian Democratic Assembly (SDA), which is believed to be close to the PYD, to participate in the Geneva talks. However, PYD leader Salih Muslim and other representatives did not receive an invitation, to their disappointment. The PYD's representative in France, Khaled Eissa, who had been on the list of possible delegates proposed by Russia, blamed regional and international powers, in particular Turkey, for blocking the Kurds and forecast the talks would fail. "You can't neglect a force that controls an area three times the size of Lebanon," he told Reuters on Wednesday.Despite the PYD's claim that Turkey is blocking the Kurds from participating in the Geneva talks, Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu made it clear on Tuesday that Turkey would like Syrian Kurds to be represented at the upcoming talks but opposes the presence of the PYD."We believe that regarding Syria, there should be a table at which Kurds, Arabs, Turkmens, Sunnis, Alawites and Christians sit altogether. The inclusion of Kurds at the table is a necessity; a table that leaves out Kurds is incomplete. But we are definitely against the YPG [People's Protection Units], which is oppressing Kurds themselves, from sitting at the table," Davutoğlu said. |
Ladder Up returns $19 in benefits to families and individuals for every $1 donated to the organization.
That's a 1900% return on your investment.
Donation Amount
$50
Free tax assistance for a family
$200
Financial aid help for 1 school
$350
TAP site supplies for a season
$500
Outreach to 10 community orgs
$1,500
Training for 50 volunteers
$
Choose your own amount
Donation Frequency
Ending (Optional)
Your Note for the Donor Scroll
/
150
Post my donation amount
Post my name
Honor or remember someone with your gift?
Whom do you want to recognize?
Your relationship to them:
Include a note to the recipient:
What would you like the note to say?
/
150
Where Should We Send the Notification?
First Name
Last Name
Street Address
Street Address 2
City
State / Province
Zip Code
Country
Email
Phone
Share:
Help low-income families access Ladder Up's free, high-quality services so that they can continue to climb up the economic ladder. On behalf of the thousands of clients that benefit from our services, thank you. |
Regional Steering Committee on Pastoralism and Dry lands to be constituted
East African Community Secretariat, Arusha, 13 February 2012: A 3-day meeting expected to culminate in the establishment of a Regional Steering Committee on Pastoralism and Dry lands in the EAC is underway at the Naura Springs Hotel in Arusha, Tanzania. The meeting is also expected to consider and adopt the Terms of Reference for the Regional Steering Committee, make inputs to the Emergency preparedness and response plan of action for Pastoralism in EAC Dry lands; and discuss the EAC Pastoralism policy situation and make recommendations.
The meeting is a result of the 23rd EAC Council of Ministers meeting held on 5 to 9 of September 2011 that adopted the decisions of the Sectoral Council on Agriculture and Food Security on Pastoralism and dry lands and directed the EAC Secretariat to constitute a Regional Steering Committee on Pastoralism and Drylands under the Sectoral Council on Agriculture and Food Security.
The meeting, which is being attended by experts from Partner States’ Ministries of Livestock Industry and other stakeholders, is collaboration between EAC and African Union Interafrican Bureau for Animal Resources (AU-IBAR).
According to the Senior Livestock Officer in the EAC Directorate of Productive and Social Sector Mr. Timothy Wesonga, in the previous meeting on pastoralism and dry lands in the EAC, the need for a Regional Steering Committee to guide on matters relating to pastoralism development was realized.
He said the idea was mooted after realizing that a number of organizations were undertaking initiatives to assist pastoralists develop and diversify their economic activities and improve their welfare in the region. Further, he said the need for sharing of experiences and improved coordination and collaboration by all stakeholders was noted.
“Harmonization and coordination of policies and regional activities is line with the Treaty establishing the EAC, EAC Development Strategy 2011-2016, and the EAC Agriculture and Rural Development Policy and Strategy. In addition this is also in tandem with the continental Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) Framework. The recent challenges of soaring food prices, climate change, violent conflicts, cattle rustling and disease outbreaks amongst others have introduced further pressure on the pastoralists system in the EAC dry lands hence the need for concerted efforts” affirmed Mr. Wesonga.
Additional Notes to Editors
Pastoralism relies on availability of water, pastures and labour to thrive –with water as the determining factor. While climate variability and change, particularly droughts, strongly affect both pastoralists and crop farmers, the impacts are, however, higher on the pastoralists. First, pastoralists constitute the majority in the dry lands where there is greater probability of drought occurrences. Second, they face many other non-climatic challenges such as low soil fertility, weak infrastructure, and the consequences of inappropriate natural resource management.
The current changes in climatic conditions that result in prolonged droughts in the East African region and/or sudden onset of rains resulting into heavy flooding has brought a new set of challenges to pastoralists. The prolonged droughts have resulted in strain on natural resources especially water and pasture. The search and demand for water and pasture has intensified. In some cases pastoralists have been forced to move out their territorial areas to other areas in search of pasture and water resulting in conflicts. Some of the conflicts have been violent, resulting into a lot of destruction and loss of lives.
The flooding has ended up with destruction of properties, loss of lives and disease outbreaks. These challenges are impacting negatively on the pastoralist welfare. The pastoralists require to get means and ways of adapting and mitigating the situation.
The question therefore ism how can pastoralists/pastoral systems adapt to future drought occurrences in the region? The local population over years has developed indigenous ways of adapting to the drought phenomenon. However, these strategies are no longer adequate with increased frequency and intensity of the drought events. Governments and donor agencies have also developed and implemented interventions to help reduce the vulnerability of pastoralists to the impact of droughts. Most of the interventions have tended to be reactive in nature showing limited understanding and appreciation of pastoral livelihoods.
It has also been noted that contingency planning in the pastoral systems is non-existent. The consequences therefore, in the face of a climatic anomaly such as drought, floods or a fast –spreading disease like Rift Valley Fever have heavy impacts on the Pastoralists. The factors in combination make the pastoralists very vulnerable.
Livestock and Drylands
It is known that in the dry lands of East Africa, livestock keeping under the pastoralism may be the most suitable production system and economic activity. The dry lands are hot and dry, with low and erratic rainfall. There are not many livelihoods suited to this unpredictable environment, but pastoralism is particularly appropriate, because it enables people to adapt by moving livestock according to the shifting availability of water and pasture. Pastoralism represents a complex form of natural resource management, involving a continuous ecological balance between pastures, livestock and people. It’s recognized by ecologist that pastoralism represents a sustainable way of utilizing certain ecosystems like the dry lands of East Africa.
Diversification
Most of the pastoralists are under threat of human insecurity in all regional dry lands. Pastoralist economy revolves around the livestock kept. In the EAC Partner States the livestock kept in the dry lands include cattle, goats, sheep and camels. These are adapted to the dry lands. Nevertheless, because of the current challenges there is need to diversify. Some have suggested that since some resources exist in these dry land areas, there is need for pastoralists to use these resources alongside livestock keeping in the dry lands of EAC. Diversification reduces risks and will improve human security in the dry lands of the region. Therefore there is need to invest in this dry lands to develop and utilize available resources like medicinal plants, minerals, snake venom, land with irrigation potential, ecotourism.
For more information please contact: Owora Richard Othieno, Head of Department; Corporate Communications and Public Affairs; Tel: 255-768-835021; Email:
This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it
Your are currently browsing this site with Internet Explorer 6 (IE6).
Your current web browser must be updated to version 7 of Internet Explorer (IE7) to take advantage of all of template's capabilities.
Why should I upgrade to Internet Explorer 7? Microsoft has redesigned Internet Explorer from the ground up, with better security, new capabilities, and a whole new interface. Many changes resulted from the feedback of millions of users who tested prerelease versions of the new browser.
The most compelling reason to upgrade is the improved security. The Internet of today is not the Internet of five years ago. There are dangers that simply didn't exist back in 2001, when Internet Explorer 6 was released to the world. Internet Explorer 7 makes surfing the web fundamentally safer by offering greater protection against viruses, spyware, and other online risks.
Get free downloads for Internet Explorer 7, including recommended updates as they become available. To download Internet Explorer 7 in the language of your choice, please visit the Internet Explorer 7 worldwide page. |
<!-- This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
- License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
- file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. -->
<!ENTITY window.title "Výjimky">
<!ENTITY window.width "36em">
<!ENTITY treehead.sitename.label "Server">
<!ENTITY treehead.status.label "Stav">
<!ENTITY removepermission.label "Odebrat server">
<!ENTITY removepermission.accesskey "O">
<!ENTITY removeallpermissions.label "Odebrat všechny servery">
<!ENTITY removeallpermissions.accesskey "d">
<!ENTITY address.label "Adresa webového serveru:">
<!ENTITY address.accesskey "A">
<!ENTITY block.label "Blokovat">
<!ENTITY block.accesskey "B">
<!ENTITY session.label "Povolit pro relaci">
<!ENTITY session.accesskey "r">
<!ENTITY allow.label "Povolit">
<!ENTITY allow.accesskey "P">
<!ENTITY windowClose.key "w">
<!ENTITY button.cancel.label "Zrušit">
<!ENTITY button.cancel.accesskey "Z">
<!ENTITY button.ok.label "Uložit změny">
<!ENTITY button.ok.accesskey "U">
|
Pass the Masala: vegetarian Indian cooking made simple by Bharti Saincher
In Pass the Masala, Surrey local Bharti Saincher gives us Indian recipes that she has perfected for decades. She has also included a few favourite recipes from China, Thailand, and Mexico. Unlike traditional Indian cooking, she has made an effort to reduce the amount of butter and/or oil to the minimum needed to make the dish delicious and she embraces using modern kitchen conveniences if it makes cooking more efficient or effective.
I enjoyed this cookbook because Bharti Saincher also educates us on the history of foods in certain regions, different techniques for cooking, and the parts of a traditional Indian meal. She gives quick tips on how to adjust if a dish is too salty/dry/runny/etc. The book includes an in-depth reference guide and very thorough instructions that make Indian cooking less daunting to those of us who may not have cooked Indian dishes. My mouth is watering! (Submitted by Meghan). |
The Justice Department filed a motion Friday to compel Apple to comply with a federal court order demanding that the tech giant provide “reasonable technical assistance” in the government’s investigation of the locked iPhone belonging to Syed Farook, the San Bernardino gunman.
"Apple has attempted to design and market its products to allow technology, rather than the law, to control access to data which has been found by this Court to be warranted for an important investigation. Despite its efforts, Apple nonetheless retains the technical ability to comply with the order, and so should be required to obey it," the motion states.
On Tueday, a federal judge ordered Apple to help the FBI hack into an encrypted iPhone used by Farook, who along with his wife, Tashfeen Malik, killed 14 people in December.
Specifically, the government wants Apple to bypass a self-destruct feature that erases the phone's data after too many unsuccessful attempts to guess the passcode. Apple has helped the government before in this and previous cases, but this time Apple CEO Tim Cook said no and Apple is appealing the order.
While the judge on the case says the government is only asking for help unlocking one, single iPhone, Apple says the case is much bigger than that and sets a dangerous precedent. Cook says the company doesn't have a system to bypass the self-destruct one.
"Once created, the technique could be used over and over again, on any number of devices. In the physical world, it would be the equivalent of a master key, capable of opening hundreds of millions of locks — from restaurants and banks to stores and homes," Cook said.
Still, U.S. Attorney Robert L. Capers said Apple has followed court orders to unlock phones at least 70 times, in cases that include child endangerment. Capers requested a court order to access data from the iPhone of a suspected methamphetamine dealer in New York. Apple is fighting that request as well.
The company has an additional 3 days to file its opposition to Tuesday's court order which is now due on Feb. 26, a law enforcement official tells Fox News.
Michela Menting, digital security research director at ABI Research told FoxNews.com that the creation of a tool bypassing the self-destruct feature could have far-reaching consequences. “I think it’s a dangerous line, and once breached, we are on a slippery slope,” she told FoxNews.com, via email. “What is to stop other governments from asking the same from Apple?”
“Requesting Apple to produce such a tool will inevitably result in two things: further requests down the road for providing more backdoors in other tools based on this precedent (including encryption), and, consequently, the slow and inevitable undermining of privacy as we know it today,” added Menting. “It may also mean that the U.S. tech industry moves abroad to more favorable governments (maybe Israel or Switzerland).”
Fox News' Matt Dean and Catherine Herridge contributed to this report. |
Q:
How to use HOC and recompose properly
I just started React recently and read about HOC.
I would like to do something similar to: making a container editable.
My 'solution' (as it's not working properly yet.)
editableRow (HOC):
import React from 'react'
import { withStateHandlers, withHandlers, compose } from 'recompose'
const editableRow = () =>
compose(
withStateHandlers(
{ isEditing: false, editingId: null },
{
toggleEditing: ({ isEditing, editingId }) => entryId => ({
isEditing: !isEditing,
editingId: isEditing ? null : entryId
})
}
),
withHandlers({
handleSave: ({
isEditing,
editingId,
onEdit,
onCreate,
list
}) => values => {
console.log('handling...')
if (isEditing) {
const entry = list && list.find(entry => entry.id === editingId)
return onEdit(entry.id, values)
} else return onCreate(values)
}
})
)
export default editableRow
My DataRow:
import React from 'react'
import { Button, Checkbox, Icon, Table, Input } from 'semantic-ui-react'
import PropTypes from 'prop-types'
import editableRow from 'hoc/editableRow'
const DataRow = props =>
<Table.Row>
{
props.children
}
</Table.Row>
export default editableRow()(DataRow)
My component will receive the functions and the states I made with the HOC,
but for some reason I can't pass it anything (like calling the callbacks [onEdit, onCreate]). And isn't there a nicer way to call the handleSave instead of onSubmit={()=>props.handleSave(props1, props2, ...)}
UPDATE:
Well my problem is that I can't send any 'handler' to my component in any way. I tried it like:
<Table.Row onClick={()=>props.handleSave(
false,
false,
props.onCreate,
props.onEditing,
props.list
)}>
{
props.children
}
</Table.Row>
But my HOC's handleSave is just using it's own default values. I can't reach them, so I can't pass any handler to it.
My guess is that I making a very basic error somewhere, but don't know where :D
[Like when I save the field. That why I got those onEditing, onCreating event, BUT I even if I pass them my HOC is just using its OWN DEFAULTs instead of the parameters I passed to it]
HELP me guys please to understand how these are working... :D
A:
import React from 'react'
import {compose} from 'recompose';
import { Button, Checkbox, Icon, Table, Input } from 'semantic-ui-react'
import PropTypes from 'prop-types'
import editableRow from 'hoc/editableRow'
const DataRow = props => {
const values = {
isEditing: false,
editingId: false,
onEdit: props.onCreate,
onCreate: props.onEditing,
list: props.list,
};
return (
<Table.Row onClick={() => {props.handleSave(values)}}>
{props.children}
</Table.Row>
);
}
export default compose(editableRow)(DataRow);
Whenever you'll compose your component with HOC then your HOC will have the props which you provided to this component as you're exporting the composed component.
So, in your HOC, you can access the props passed like this:
import { withStateHandlers, withHandlers, compose } from 'recompose'
const editableRow = () =>
compose(
withStateHandlers(
{ isEditing: false, editingId: null },
{
toggleEditing: ({ isEditing, editingId }) => entryId => ({
isEditing: !isEditing,
editingId: isEditing ? null : entryId
}),
handleSave: (state, props) => values => {
console.log('handling...')
if (isEditing) {
const list = values.list;
const entry = list && list.find(entry => entry.id === editingId)
return props.onEdit(entry.id, values)
}
return props.onCreate(values)
}
}
),
)
export default editableRow;
You don't have to use withHandlers explicitly when you're using withStateHandler which can be used for both state and handlers. I hope this helps, let me know if you're still stuck.
withStateHandler(arg1: an object or a function to set initial state, {
callback: (state, props) => callbackValues => {
//call any callback on props
props.handleSave(); // or props.onCreate() etc.
//return desired state from here
}
})
|
A G4S guard has been accused of smuggling refugees through security checks and on to flights to the United States and Britain.
Austrian prosecutors said the employee was one of 13 private security staff working at Vienna airport who were being investigated over suspicions they used their security access to allow refugees to board flights.
G4S, which claims to be the world’s biggest security company and runs security at several UK airports, said one of those arrested had been an employee and he had been sacked in line with Austrian law.
Graham Levinsohn, G4S regional CEO for Europe, said: “I can confirm that in compliance with Austrian labour law, an employee responsible for checking visa documentation at Vienna airport on a contract with Austrian Airlines was dismissed in March following his arrest. A trial is ongoing and we are unable to comment further.”
It is understood that the G4S employee accused in this case was employed by one of the airlines to check the size of passengers’ bags and their visas. G4S said it did not employ any of the others accused of involvement.
A spokesman for Austrian prosecutors said the authorities knew of 10 “trafficking trips” between last autumn and February. He declined to name any companies involved and said it was not yet clear how many people had been smuggled through security checks. The traffickers collected between €7,000 to €9,000 (£5,000-6,500) per person, he added.
According to the Austrian authorities, the trafficking scheme came to light after the suspects tried to recruit a new accomplice, who then contacted the police.
One person who allegedly paid the suspects was subsequently refused entry into the US. The Austrian spokesman said one man from Poland and another from Sri Lanka had been placed in custody pending an investigation. |
Crossrunner
Crossrunner: in-line palletising in layers
Qimarox Crossrunners are an ideal solution for in-line placing of multiple palletisers.
Thanks to the unique design, a single roller conveyor is sufficient to feed pallets
in and out for multiple machines operating in machines.
The products are supplied by means of a feed belt that is placed on left or right
side of the formation location. To do so the machine has a built-in buffer, where
each formed row remains until a layer is complete. By depositing an entire layer
at a time, the Highrunner mk7 needs to make fewer movements. This saves time, increasing
the capacity when compared to other palletising systems.
Pallets pass along the bottom of the unit
Because the pattern-formation conveyor and pallet lift are located even higher,
both empty and full pallets can pass underneath at ground level via the central
roller conveyor.
In other words, in an arrangement with, for example, two Crossrunners next to each
other, a full pallet from the first machine can be carried away under the second
machine while this second machine simply continues palletising. Conversely, it is
possible to transport an empty pallet to the second machine under the first machine
via the roller conveyor without hindering the first machine at all.
Intelligent control software
Qimarox's intelligent control software ensures that the infeed and outfeed of pallets
is carefully coordinated with the movements of the palletisers, so that collisions
can be avoided.
It is even possible to assign different priorities per machine. This prevents the
last palletiser from not being able to get rid of its full pallet because of the
large flow of pallets coming from the other machines.
Compact and accessible
The great advantage of the Crossrunner is its compact set-up. It is no longer necessary
to build an infeed and outfeed conveyor for each palletiser.
An additional advantage is accessibility. The lack of complex roller conveyor constructions,
the palletisers are easily accessible for service and maintenance, even with a forklift
if necessary. |
Shiodome Media Tower
The is a high-rise building in Shiodome, Tokyo, Japan. It is 172.6 m (564 ft) high, has 34 floors, and 66,489 m² (710,400 ft²) of floor space. Construction began in 2000, and the building opened in 2003. It was designed by Seita Morishima, and built by Kajima Construction.
Floors 1–24 are the headquarters of Kyodo News, a nonprofit cooperative news agency. Floors 25–34 is Park Hotel - Tokyo, a member of Design Hotels AG. The building features an atrium that begins with the hotel lobby on the building’s 25th floor and extends to the 34th floor, providing panoramic views over Tokyo.
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20081217073642/http://www.shiodomemediatower.jp/
Park Hotel Tokyo (Japanese)
Park Hotel Tokyo English Official Website (English)
Category:Buildings and structures in Minato, Tokyo
Category:Commercial buildings completed in 2003
Category:Shiodome
Category:Skyscraper hotels in Tokyo
Category:Skyscraper office buildings in Tokyo |
Modern-day styles for kids
Posted on December 19, 2018
Comments Off on Modern-day styles for kids
0
118
Lady Charm’s clothing business:-
Lady Charm, located in Dallas, Texas, off of Hairy Hines Blvd is a business carrying import and wholesale kids clothing and women’s fashion clothing. Offering a wide range of newest fashion trends in clothing, hair accessories, and seasonal items, the website is a one-stop shop for trendy and reasonably priced styles for women and kids. Women’s clothing by Lady Charm are chic classics to bold and modern favorites with a slight southern flair in between. Ranging in each size are Lady Charm’s classy and trendy collection of kid’s clothing that match the lively habits of kids.
Contemporary kid’s styling shenanigans:-
Keeping up with all the trends and fads is no more a thing for youngsters only, it has become a thing for kids too. Clothes that define little personalities walking on small toes and not the ones picked up by their parents. Little girls in pink, boys in blue are not the color of their choice anymore. Kids today want bright, loud, metal colors. They wish to wear shorts and rompers and suits of their favorite animal over frocks and jeans. Styles for kids today are fun, cute, trendy and edgy besides naïve and simple. They are high-fashioned, runway-worthy styles matching them with the millennial.
The trends of twining with siblings have now been followed by parent-kid too, where a mother & daughter twin/ a father-son twin an outfit. This trend has pleased a child’s desire to look and act and walk like their mothers and fathers. This trend is a delight to the sight as kid’s pull these styles off in a custom that even their parents fail to carry.
Lady Charm’s kids assortments:-
A carefully curated collection of the prettiest kids clothing, Lady Charm offers a fresh catalogue of apparel choices. The collection not only has basic styles like frocks and jeans for kids, but it also has varied options in tops, dresses, onesies, rompers, suits, pettiskirts and leggings to choose from. They sell wholesale kid’s clothes in various styles. Kids now have options as much as the youngsters today have.
Baby’s soft and supple skin is extremely delicate than an adult. Therefore their skin is rash prone and can easily be affected with a touch of a harsh piece of apparel. It is, therefore, very imperative to carefully choose for the right fabrics when you are shopping for kids. Also, the fabrics must assure that it matches the playful habits of kids whilst absorbing the sweat and moisture over the fabrics that sticks to the skin and lets the skin breathe.
The website understands that not just styles and trends are to be kept in mind, it is important that their customers use the right fabrics for their kid’s clothing that suits best a child’s skin. Therefore, they use soft fabrics that are best for a child’s skin such as gentle cotton, cotton-polyester blends, satin/tulle, cashmere, and fleece.
The website understands that right size is crucial while choosing clothes for kid’s so as to assure their comfort and bouncy and high spirited moods. Unfit apparel on a child can make him clumsy and itchy and lead to cries and whimpers. To guarantee the comfort of the child the website has a clear size chart so the parents can choose accordingly for their children.
Further on, the website reassures its customers with due order and return policy in order to promote a reliable experience of online purchase for all its buyers. The website has FAQ’s to help its potential buyers with the assistance they may generally require before making a purchase from a website.
About us
Mihu Express is the ultimate online media platform which allows you to share corporate news, blogs, articles, opinions, views, and feature write-ups etc. across all the sectors with an aim of increasing your online visibility.
MihuExpress is not like any other website offering similar options. MihuExpress makes sure that your submitted articles reach out to the relevant audience within the accurate span of time. |
Q:
Run part of function once, but run rest of function every 5 seconds
I have a function that checks the status of connection to server. I want to run checkOnline every 5 seconds. If the connection is lost, and it keeps failing then the fadeIn for error message keeps running as well (creates a flashing effect). How can I change it so that the fade functions are only run once, when it fails, but still keeps checking the connection.
$(function () {
var url = 'https://examplesite.com/';
function checkOnline() {
$.get(url).done(function () {
window.location = url;
}).fail(function () {
$('.errortext').hide().fadeIn(500);
$('.loadingtext').fadeOut(500);
});
};
window.setInterval(function () { checkOnline(); }, 5000);
setTimeout(function () { checkOnline(); }, 2000);
});
A:
Keep track of whether the fade effects already ran. Then check it before running the fade. Here's an example that uses a variable called fadeFlag:
var fadeFlag = false;
function fadeOnce() {
// Has fade happened already?
if (fadeFlag === false) {
// No. Then do the effects
$('.errortext').hide().fadeIn(500);
$('.loadingtext').fadeOut();
fadeFlag = true;
}
}
function checkOnline() {
$.get(url).done(function () {
window.location = url;
}).fail(function () {
// Try the fade effects
fadeOnce();
});
};
The first time fadeOnce() is called, it runs the effects and then sets fadeFlag to true. The next time, it sees that fadeFlag is true, so it does nothing.
|
Don't lose it.
You certainly won't feel the Prana Men's Mojo Short tugging at you when you're finding balance in a yoga session or cruxing out on a climb, because it's moments like these where you truly lose your mojo. Its soft microfiber construction is surprisingly durable, and the full gusset keeps you content whether you're high-stepping or in warrior pose. The Mojo's recycled material is a simple step closer to reducing your carbon footprint.
Don't lose it.
You certainly won't feel the Prana Men's Mojo Short tugging at you when you're finding balance in a yoga session or cruxing out on a climb, because it's moments like these where you truly lose your mojo. Its soft microfiber construction is surprisingly durable, and the full gusset keeps you content whether you're high-stepping or in warrior pose. The Mojo's recycled material is a simple step closer to reducing your carbon footprint.
View
Comfortable
Familiarity: I've used it once or twice and have initial impressions
Fit: True to size
Size Bought: medium
These are a good "any activity" short. The only thing keeping them from 5 stars for me is the waistband fit was just a little off. It almost felt like the band was too loose and would slide down, but it never did.
willhuff.netHeight:5'11"Weight:165lbs
review on August 23, 2018
Mojo
Familiarity: I've put it through the wringer
Fit: True to size
They are awesome! Super comfy and durable, the ultimate climbing short.
Dana Hawlish
review on June 26, 2018
Super Comfy
Familiarity: I've put it through the wringer
Fit: True to size
Size Bought: small
I wear these for everything! they're very durable and light, I've climbed many pitches in them and have yet to tear a hole in them. They are definitely the most comfortable shorts I own. The back pocket is super nice since it has a hook and loop closure on it and i feel confident that my wallet wont fall out of them. the waist band does a great job holding them around your waist even when they're loaded down with your phone, wallet, and keys.
Brady MartinHeight:6'2"Weight:150lbs
review on June 5, 2018
Do It All
Familiarity: I've put it through the wringer
Fit: True to size
Size Bought: Small
Do you like to move your body? If so, then you need a pair of Mojos. I have yet to find a better piece of active wear that fits into my lifestyle. Gym? Check. Beach? Check. Climbing? Check...you get the picture.
Lightweight and breatheable with a bit of stretch - I find myself reaching for these shorts anytime I'm on the move.
Also, how about the pattern choices? Grab a pair and you'll be sure to stand out in a crowd of boring black gym shorts.
Josh McAlisterHeight:6'0"Weight:155lbs
review on June 5, 2018
Lightweight climbing comfort
Familiarity: I've put it through the wringer
Fit: True to size
Size Bought: Small
I tend to wear shortish shorts most of the time, but with a harness on they are often not ideal. thus the Mojo fills its space in my wardrobe. They are so lightweight and have plenty of space so there are no tight spots of resistance on high foot placements or any other similar movement. The large elastic waistband is extremely comfortable as well. All in all a great lightweight and durable pair of climbing shorts especially on the warmer days at the crag or boulder field.
Matt WeinbergHeight:5'11"Weight:165lbs
review on April 9, 2018
My Favorite Shorts
Familiarity: I've put it through the wringer
Fit: True to size
Size Bought: Small
I love the Prana Mojo shorts. I have been wearing them since their introduction, and they have never failed to be my go to short for being outdoors, or just lounging when it's warm. Elastic waistband is really comfortable for long car trips or climbing.
Steve L.Height:6'2"Weight:170lbs
review on March 14, 2018
So awesome someone stole them from me
Familiarity: I've put it through the wringer
Fit: True to size
Size Bought: S
For someone to steal a super sweaty, stinky, pair of shorts, they must be pretty awesome shorts. Go to for climbing, running, lounging, showing off calf muscles in general.
Really though, if you see some one wearing these in red, tear them off and send me a message. $100 reward. Thanks
Kent P.Height:5'7"Weight:160lbs
review on January 24, 2018
Mexico Perfection
Familiarity: I've used it several times
Fit: True to size
Bought these shorts for my dad for a trip to Mexico, here is his review: "These shorts make for a fantastic fit! The elastic waist allows me to have those couple extra beers, and eat all the good treats I want when relaxing in Mexico. Looking to purchase a second pair! Cheers!".
Rachael Mower
review on January 11, 2018
Multipurpose Casual Shorts
Familiarity: I've put it through the wringer
Fit: True to size
Size Bought: L
I'm about 6ft and 207lbs presently with a 34-35 inch waist, and I got a few pairs of these at this point. I use them as a casual short for around the house mostly, but I could seem them used anywhere an elastic waist gym shorts would come in handy. They are light and comfortable, and come to just the top of my knee.
KarlHeight:6'0"Weight:207lbs
review on January 8, 2018
Yoga King
Familiarity: I've put it through the wringer
Fit: Runs small
Size Bought: Large
These shorts are the best! Great for doing Yoga and casually wearing around anywhere. The waist strap is a little tight and I prefer them to be a bit more comfortable so I went with a size Large (I'm a 32 inch waist) and they are perfect.
If you have any questions,
email me: wbowen@backcountry.com or give me a call at: (801) 204-4571
William BowenHeight:6'0"Weight:165lbs
review on November 12, 2017
Best Gift Ever
Familiarity: I've put it through the wringer
Fit: True to size
Size Bought: Medium
Got these for my boyfriend and he absolutely loves them. They are a good short for any activity and I have been told that they are super comfortable. They dry quickly and are light weight. I will probably even have to buy him another pair he likes them so much!
Diana JensonHeight:5'10"Weight:145lbs
review on November 1, 2017
Great shorts
Familiarity: I've used it several times
I like the Mojo's a lot, I use them to hike, run, workout, play basketball, I'm not a climber but people tell me they are great for climbing too. Lightweight breathable, feel like they are a little stretchy, the elastic waist band is a nice touch too. If you have any questions, please feel free to reach out!
Alex Goulden
review on October 31, 2017
Best climbing shorts...ever
Familiarity: I've put it through the wringer
These are hands down the best pair of shorts for bouldering. I wore one pair for 7 years before the butt wore out and ripped. I probably won't ever wear another pair of shorts for bouldering, these are perfect. I'm 5'8 with a 29 inch waist and the small is perfecto.
cleonett
review on October 29, 2017
Love these things
Familiarity: I've put it through the wringer
Great short for working out and climbing. Nice and lightweight, can use them for swimming and they dry quickly. I like the waist band design, very comfortable.
Casey Sandala
review on October 13, 2017
Snazy
These are great little shorts and the best part is the snazy design
Jonathan W.
review on October 8, 2017
Favorite all around shorts I own.
Familiarity: I've put it through the wringer
Without a question my favorite pair of shorts. I wear these to yoga, while hiking, biking, watching TV, sleeping and even have worn them swimming. They are extremely comfortable and Prana has even made them in a color for everyone!
Christian Sayegh
review on September 25, 2017
They don't disappoint
Familiarity: I've put it through the wringer
Fit: True to size
Size Bought: Small
I love these shorts I ordered a size small and they fit me perfectly I wear a size 30 pants so the sizing is true. Living in Utah I find these are a must for the summertime, I would wear these shorts to work in the warehouse as well as on hikes climbing yoga and even swimming. The versatility of these shorts is why I love them so much.
Patrick WinesettHeight:5'11"Weight:160lbs
review on September 11, 2017
Good Shorts
Familiarity: I've put it through the wringer
Fit: Runs small
Size Bought: Medium
I see these all over, and I like mine but I have to say the fit is just a teeeny bit weird. FIts in the waist but seems like the general circumference of the "body of the short" is a little too little.
Craig LHeight:6'5"Weight:200lbs
review on August 16, 2017
I really need another pair
Familiarity: I've put it through the wringer
Fit: True to size
Size Bought: Small
I sleep in these. Work in these. Gym in these. Bike in these. They are so so so comfy! The elastic band isn't tight. The pockets are deep. The length is just above the knee. They don't collect dog hair which is a big plus for me. Everyone should own a pair of the Mojo shorts.
Tyler MeansHeight:5'10"Weight:140lbs
review on August 16, 2017
Utah, get me two!
Familiarity: I've put it through the wringer
Fit: True to size
Size Bought: Large
Bought a pair, received them, then bought another pair a day later. So just buy two. I wear these hiking, swimming, trail running and relaxing. Great modern cut above the knee, so seek an alternative if your searching for knickers. They fit me pretty true to size with no complaints about the waistband, but I'm a bigger dude, so....great, versatile product. |
Lymphocytes cytotoxic to uveal and skin melanoma cells from peripheral blood of ocular melanoma patients.
To study antitumor immunity in patients with choroidal melanoma, T cells were generated from the peripheral blood of choroidal melanoma patients by mixed lymphocyte/tumor cell culture (MLTC). Because autologous tumors are generally unavailable, an allogeneic choroidal melanoma cell line, OCM-1, was used as the specific stimulus. Lymphocyte cultures from 27 patients were characterized by cell-surface phenotypes, patterns of reactivity towards cells of the melanocytic origin and T-cell-receptor gene usage. Antimelanoma reactivity was found in cell-sorter-purified CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets. To analyze this reactivity, sorter-purified CD4+ and CD8+ cells from a MLTC were cloned by limiting dilution in the presence of exogenous interleukin-2 and interleukin-4 as well as irradiated OCM-1. Under these conditions, CD4+ T cells did not proliferate, perhaps because of the absence of antigen-presenting cells. However, CD8+ grew vigorously and 29 cytolytic CD8+ T cell clones were isolated. On the basis of their pattern of lysis of OCM-1, a skin melanoma cell line M-7 and its autologous lymphoblastoid cell line LCL-7, the clones were categorized into three groups. Group 1, representing 52% of the clones, lysed all three target cells, and are alloreactive. However, since OCM-1 and M-7 did not share class I antigens, these clones recognized cross-reactive epitope(s) of the histocompatibility locus antigen (HLA) molecule. Group 2, constituting 28% of the clones, lysed both the ocular and skin melanoma cell lines but not LCL-7, and were apparently melanoma-specific. Unlike classical HLA-restricted cytolytic T lymphocytes, these T cells might mediate the lysis of melanoma cells via other ligands or a more degenerate type of HLA restriction. For the latter, the HLA-A2 and -A28 alleles would have to act interchangeably as the restriction element for shared melanoma-associated antigen(s). Group 3, representing only 10% of the T cell clones, was cytotoxic only to OCM-1, but not to M-7 or LCL-7. These clones may recognize antigens unique to ocular melanoma cells. Our data suggest that choroidal melanoma patients can recognize melanoma-associated antigens common to both ocular and cutaneous melanoma cells, and presumbly their autologous tumor. Thus, choroidal melanoma, like its skin counterpart, may be responsive to immunotherapeutic regimens such as active specific or adoptive cellular immunotherapy. |
Share this:
‘2019, Nasarawa west will produce Al-Makura’s successor’
Engr. Mohammed Wada Yahaya was Commissioner for Works and Transport in Governor Tanko Al-Makura’s first term. With Al-Makura’s re-election he appointed him as special adviser on projects. In this interview with MUAZU ABARI, he speaks on a wide range of burning political issues in the state
Just recently Nasarawa state celebrated 20 years anniversary. What is your assessment of the level of development in the state so far where did we get it wrong and how can we get it right in Nasarawa state?
First and foremost, from the creation of Nasarawa state in 1996, the state was under two military administrators who actually planned nothing for the development of the state, until in 1999 when the first civilian Governor of the state, Abdullahi Adamu, came in. He was able to put some things on ground in the area of infrastructures, provision of office facilities and other framework.
The second governor who is Aliyu Akwe Doma came on board and spent one term and was succeeded by Gov. Tanko Al-Makura. So if you compare the achievements recorded right from when the state was created and relate it with what is achieved by Gov.Tanko Al-Makura, it is obvious that, if not for the efforts of the current governor, I would have said that, there is virtually nothing tangible on ground to showcase as development. But thank God we now have a workaholic Governor that recorded a lot of achievements despite shortages of funds and challenges he faced.
We need to do is to look for someone with integrity and similar vision like that of Al-Makura to maintain the tempo and desire expectations of our founding fathers to succeed Al-Makura in 2019.The founding fathers of Nasarawa state have a clear mission and vision on how they wanted the state to look like which prompted them to champion the cause that resulted in the creation of the state. Would you say in all honesty that, we have been able to realize some of this vision of our founding fathers?
So far so good, because as far as am concerned, the primary objective of vying for the state, is to enhanced unity and grass roots development. And you will agree with me that, if not for the recent skirmishes which was politically motivated there was stability and peace. There was also commendable development by this administration.
However, the challenges are normal so we have to appreciate the fact that, despite our differences in tribes and religious we are able to stay peacefully with one another. And the credit will go the current governor
with the supports of the security agencies as well as the people of Nasarawa state. Am also assuring you, the dreams of our founding fathers will not go in vein, we will continued to enlighten the youth and the electorate to look at integrity and stay away from politics of thuggery.
Most people believe that, the political elites and politicians in the state are responsible for the continued backwardness of the state. Do you also share this sentiment and why?
To some extent that was before the coming of Al-Makura in 2011 that have been the practice. you will agreed with me by then, what was meant to developed the state was cornered to few hands that is why I also said, in my interactions with journalists like you that, to my understanding governance particularly in Nigeria is two options.
You either go with the elites or you go with the common man. if you chose to work for the common man the elites will fight you and they are the ones with voice and resources to fight you, so you will continue to face challenges, that is the situation we find ourselves in Nasarawa state today. When Gov. Al-makura chose to work for the common man the elites started fight the governor and the government and that was what led to some extent the skirmishes I mentioned earlier.
How would you assess Gov. Al-Makura’s administration and in what areas do you think the people of Nasarawa state will remember him for at the end of his tenure?
Al-makura is truly an icon of change and a blessing to the people of Nasarawa state who has so many legacies to his credit even before he left the common man wish that, there should have been a third term for him. If you look at the education sector, Al-Makura has constructed and rehabilitated various primary schools across the state which hitherto, had no conducive environment for learning and the standard was falling. Today if you go round every nook and cranny of the state you will discover that, new structures are put in place by this administration.
The structures is 100 per cent provided by the state government as well a takeoff teachers and take off grants .In addition to this, the Governor also brought a comprehensive school for the disabled with a world class facilities and will soon be commission by the president. The government has been paying WAEC and NECO registrations fees for students since we came on board until recently due to some dubious activities of some of the managers of secondary schools leaving government with no option than to suspend the payment until adequate measures are put in place to make sure that such sharp practices stopped.
In the area of health, primary health care services have never received such a boom like under this administration. You will discover that, every rural area is being provided with rural roads and he has been able to constructed over 800 kilometers of rural roads alone from 2011 to date and if you go to all urban centres in the state, you will see that roads have been construct within the townships and between one town and the other.
But despite all these achievements the government seems to have more enemies than friends why would people anxious to pull down his government?
The fact of the matter is that over 95 per cent of the people of Nasarawa state are together with Gov. Tanko Al-Makura, even though they are voiceless but they are the electorate. But the elites who are few in numbers are they one making noise because they don’t get what they used to get in the past and mobilizing some few ignorance people to pull down Al-Makura’s government. If you come down and take sample and do your research you will realize that, over 95 per cent of the people of Nasarawa state are even praying if there should be third term for Al-Makura.
Don’t you think the stiff opposition against him despite his performances has to do with his leadership style because people are accusing him of running the affairs of the state as a one man show and not listening to advice?
Naturally enemies can cook up any story against you to achieve their selfish interest .If Al-makura was running a one man show in the affairs of the state as they claimed why are they joining APC in mass now? The opposition PDP politicians who have been saying all these are the same people joining APC in the state. Only last week a former two term member of the House of Representatives from keffi Hon. Ahmed Wadada ditched PDP to APC. The same PDP aspirant for Senate and former Commissioner for Justice Tanimu Adapson joined APC. Why are they joining APC if the style of Al-Makura’s leadership is not favourable?
The politics of which senatorial district should succeed Al-Makura come 2019 has now occupy the front banner of Nasarawa politics with most views favoring Nasarawa North which is yet to taste the seat since the creation of the state. What is your stand on this?
My opinion is that we need to be our brothers keepers and it is a known fact that, it is not constitutional to zone governorship but is there is that mutual understanding and love for one another there is nothing wrong with that, it is a matter of identifying a competent and appropriate person to occupy the seat. However, am also aware that, there is agitation by the people of the western zone to occupy the position on the basis of the fact that, they are more populous with good hands and have five local governments against the Northern zone with only three local governments. But politics is a game of numbers there is also maturity and brotherliness so if there is that understanding it won’t be difficult for the two zones to reconciled and agreed on one candidate from the North or western zones as long as they will go there with the spirit of serving the state honestly and without sentiment and selfishness because all what bring all these agitations is when leaders are committed to serving themselves rather than serving the people of the state that bring them to power.
But your senatorial district of western zone had already produced the first civilian governor of the state in the person of Abdullahi Adamu who spent 8 years leaving the Northern zone as the only senatorial district yet to produce governor so why not Nasarawa North in 2019?
Yes, but if the political elites in the state and who meant well for our people agreed that Nasarawa west should produce the next governor in 2019 there is nothing wrong with that besides, it is a matter of competency and numbers
Can this be a confirmation of the ongoing speculations in the State that, the governor is planning to anoint somebody from your own senatorial district to succeed him in 2019?
That is an insinuation; Gov. Al-Makura that I know will not anoint or impose anybody on the people of Nasarawa state. Let me tell you a story to buttress my point Gov. Al-Makura’s first In-law the husband to his first daughter aspired for state House of Assembly in 2015 and solicited for his assistance and support the governor told us that, he will not ask anybody to vote for somebody let everybody work for himself go out and campaign. He has the power to talk to the party machinery to support and vote for his In-law but he didn’t he also warned us his cabinet members that, we should be neutral and as leaders because whatever we do we are representing him in our various local governments so we refused to get involved. So, whoever told you that, he will anoint anybody to succeed him is just speculating but what I believe is that, the governor will not supports anybody that will not deliver but if god give you he won’t oppose it.
But already insinuations are making the round that the governor and ex- governor Abdullahi Adamu, have started having problems over 2019.How do your react to that?
And what is the problem? None of them will contest the governorship seat of the state again so why should they have problem? This is just a speculation concocted by enemies of progress who want to see them apart, unfortunately for these people Al-Makura and Adamu are together and will continue to be together for the good, unity and development of Nasarawa state.
If not for the efforts of Governor Al-Makura, I would have said that, there is virtually nothing tangible on ground to showcase as development |
Our LATEST PRODUCTS
Paper: Learning to Pour
Pouring is a simple task people perform daily. It is the second most frequently executed motion in cooking scenarios, after pick-and-place. We present a pouring trajectory generation approach, which uses force feedback from the cup to determine the future velocity of pouring. The approach uses recurrent neural networks as its building blocks. We collected the pouring demonstrations which we used for training. To test our approach in simulation, we also created and trained a force estimation system. The simulated experiments show that the system is able to generalize to single unseen element of the pouring characteristics.
Paper: An Approach for Automated Multimodal Analysis of Infants’ Pain
In the paper, we propose an automated multimodal approach that utilizes a combination of both behavioral and physiological pain indicators to assess infants’ pain. We also present a unimodal approach that depends on a single pain indicator for assessment.
In one embodiment, a method for projecting images on a subject includes determining a pose and position of the subject, adjusting a three-dimensional model of an anatomical structure of the subject to match the determined pose and position, and projecting an image of the anatomical structure onto the subject in registration with the actual anatomical structure of the subject to illustrate the location of the structure on or within the subject.
Paper: Recent Datasets on Object Manipulation: A Survey
In the paper, we take a significant step forward by
reviewing datasets that were published in the last 10 years and
that are directly related to object manipulation and grasping.
We report on modalities, activities, and annotations for each
individual dataset and we discuss our view on its use for object
manipulation. We also compare the datasets and summarize
them. Finally, we conclude the survey by providing suggestions
and discussing the best practices for the creation of new datasets.
Paper: Functional Object-Oriented Network for Manipulation Learning
This paper presents a novel structured knowledge representation called functional object-oriented network (FOON) to model the connectivity of the functional-related objects and their motions in manipulation tasks. The graphical model FOON is learned by observing object state change and human manipulations with the objects.
Patent: Systems and Methods for Planning a Robot Grasp Based upon a Demonstration Grasp (US patent ＃9,321,176)
In one embodiment, planning a robot grasp of an object includes determining a grasp type that would be used by a human being to grasp the object, determining a position and orientation of the human being's thumb relative to the object, and planning the robot grasp based upon the determined grasp type and thumb position and orientation. |
Assessment of in-stream phosphorus dynamics in agricultural drainage ditches.
The intensive agricultural systems in the Midwestern United States can enrich surface waters with nutrients. Agricultural drainage ditches serve as the first and second order streams throughout much of this region, as well as other highly productive agricultural areas in humid regions throughout the world. This project was conducted to evaluate in-stream processing of soluble P (SP) in agricultural drainage ditches. Soluble P injection studies were conducted at seven sites along three drainage ditches (298 to 4300 ha drainage area), and one site on a third-order stream that receives the discharge from the agricultural ditches (19,000 ha drainage area) by increasing the SP concentration in the ditch water by approximately 0.25 mg L(-1). Sediments collected from smaller watersheds contained greater amounts of Mehlich 3 and exchangeable P (ExP), silt and clay size particles, and organic matter. Phosphorus uptake lengths (S(net)) ranged from 40 to 1900 m, and SP uptake rates (U) ranged from 0.4 to 52 mg m(-2) h(-1). Phosphorus S(net) was correlated with ditch geomorphological (i.e. width) and sediment properties (i.e. organic matter, ExP, and equilibrium P concentration; r(2)=1.00, P<0.001), indirect drainage in the watershed (r(2)=0.92, P<0.001), and the amount of small grains, forest, urban area, alfalfa and corn (r(2)=1.00, P<0.0001). Agricultural drainage ditches actively process nutrients and could potentially be managed to optimize this processing to minimize SP export from these landscapes. |
Rajendra Shah (author)
Rajendra Keshavlal Shah (28 January 1913 – 2 January 2010) was a lyrical poet who wrote in Gujarati. Born in Kapadvanj, he authored more than 20 collections of poems and songs, mainly on the themes of the beauty of nature, and about the everyday lives of indigenous peoples and fisherfolk communities. In his poems using Sanskrit metrics, he was influenced by Rabindranath Tagore. He is considered as one of the giants of post Gandhi-era in Gujarati literature.
Among his various professions, Shah was also a publisher in Mumbai, where he launched the poetry magazine Kavilok in 1957. The press itself became an important Sunday meeting-place for Gujarati poets. Apart from writing poetry, Shah also translated into Gujarati Tagore's poetry collection Balaaka; Jayadeva's Gita Govinda; Coleridge's The Rime of the Ancient Mariner; and Dante's The Divine Comedy.
Shah won the Jnanpith Award for 2001.
Biography
In 1930, he discontinued from the study, as he was arrested in Civil disobedience movement and sentenced to the jail. In 1931, he married Manjula Agrawal.
Later, in 1934, he earned his bachelors in philosophy from The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, and thereafter, started his career by teaching school students in Ahmedabad.
He died on 2 January 2010 in Mumbai.
Bibliography
Poetry Collections
Dhvani (1951)
Andolan (1952)
Shruti (1957)
Morpinchh (1959)
Shant Kolahal (1962)
Chitrana (1967)
Kshan je Chirantan (1968)
Vishadne Saad (1968)
Madhyama (1978)
Ikshana (1979)
Udgiti (1979)
Patralekha (1981)
Prasang Saptak (1982)
Dwasupama (1983)
Panch Parva (1983)
Vibhavan (1983)
Chandan Bhini and Anamik (1987)
Aranyak (1992)
Awards
He won Kumar Chandrak in 1947, Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak in 1956.
He received Sahitya Akademi Award (1963) for his book Shant Kolahal. He is also a recepiant of Aurobindo Suvarna Chandrak presented (1980) by Gujarati Sahitya Parishad, Sahitya Gaurav Puraskar (1992) and Narsinh Mehta Award 1999. He received Jnanpith Award, considered to be India's highest literary award, in 2001. The judges noted, "his intensity of emotion and innovation in form and expression which set him apart as a poet of great significance. The mystical tone of his poetry stems from the tradition of great medieval masters like Narsinh Mehta, Kabir and Akho."
References
External links
Category:1913 births
Category:2010 deaths
Category:Gujarati-language writers
Category:Gujarati-language poets
Category:Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda alumni
Category:20th-century Indian translators
Category:Indian editors
Category:Writers from Gujarat
Category:20th-century Indian poets
Category:Recipients of the Jnanpith Award
Category:Indian independence activists from Gujarat
Category:Recipients of the Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak |
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Project DefaultTargets="Build" ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
<ItemGroup Label="ProjectConfigurations">
<ProjectConfiguration Include="debug_shared|x64">
<Configuration>debug_shared</Configuration>
<Platform>x64</Platform>
</ProjectConfiguration>
<ProjectConfiguration Include="debug_static_md|x64">
<Configuration>debug_static_md</Configuration>
<Platform>x64</Platform>
</ProjectConfiguration>
<ProjectConfiguration Include="debug_static_mt|x64">
<Configuration>debug_static_mt</Configuration>
<Platform>x64</Platform>
</ProjectConfiguration>
<ProjectConfiguration Include="release_shared|x64">
<Configuration>release_shared</Configuration>
<Platform>x64</Platform>
</ProjectConfiguration>
<ProjectConfiguration Include="release_static_md|x64">
<Configuration>release_static_md</Configuration>
<Platform>x64</Platform>
</ProjectConfiguration>
<ProjectConfiguration Include="release_static_mt|x64">
<Configuration>release_static_mt</Configuration>
<Platform>x64</Platform>
</ProjectConfiguration>
</ItemGroup>
<PropertyGroup Label="Globals">
<ProjectName>Redis</ProjectName>
<ProjectGuid>{12E39EE2-7049-312D-B390-7568D727CA25}</ProjectGuid>
<RootNamespace>Redis</RootNamespace>
<Keyword>Win32Proj</Keyword>
</PropertyGroup>
<Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.Default.props"/>
<PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='release_static_md|x64'" Label="Configuration">
<ConfigurationType>StaticLibrary</ConfigurationType>
<CharacterSet>MultiByte</CharacterSet>
</PropertyGroup>
<PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='debug_static_md|x64'" Label="Configuration">
<ConfigurationType>StaticLibrary</ConfigurationType>
<CharacterSet>MultiByte</CharacterSet>
</PropertyGroup>
<PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='release_static_mt|x64'" Label="Configuration">
<ConfigurationType>StaticLibrary</ConfigurationType>
<CharacterSet>MultiByte</CharacterSet>
</PropertyGroup>
<PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='debug_static_mt|x64'" Label="Configuration">
<ConfigurationType>StaticLibrary</ConfigurationType>
<CharacterSet>MultiByte</CharacterSet>
</PropertyGroup>
<PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='release_shared|x64'" Label="Configuration">
<ConfigurationType>DynamicLibrary</ConfigurationType>
<CharacterSet>MultiByte</CharacterSet>
</PropertyGroup>
<PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='debug_shared|x64'" Label="Configuration">
<ConfigurationType>DynamicLibrary</ConfigurationType>
<CharacterSet>MultiByte</CharacterSet>
</PropertyGroup>
<Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.props"/>
<ImportGroup Label="ExtensionSettings"/>
<ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='release_static_md|x64'" Label="PropertySheets">
<Import Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props"/>
</ImportGroup>
<ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='debug_static_md|x64'" Label="PropertySheets">
<Import Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props"/>
</ImportGroup>
<ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='release_static_mt|x64'" Label="PropertySheets">
<Import Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props"/>
</ImportGroup>
<ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='debug_static_mt|x64'" Label="PropertySheets">
<Import Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props"/>
</ImportGroup>
<ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='release_shared|x64'" Label="PropertySheets">
<Import Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props"/>
</ImportGroup>
<ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='debug_shared|x64'" Label="PropertySheets">
<Import Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props"/>
</ImportGroup>
<PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros"/>
<PropertyGroup>
<_ProjectFileVersion>10.0.40219.1</_ProjectFileVersion>
<OutDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='debug_shared|x64'">..\bin64\</OutDir>
<IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='debug_shared|x64'">obj64\Redis\$(Configuration)\</IntDir>
<LinkIncremental Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='debug_shared|x64'">true</LinkIncremental>
<OutDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='release_shared|x64'">..\bin64\</OutDir>
<IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='release_shared|x64'">obj64\Redis\$(Configuration)\</IntDir>
<LinkIncremental Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='release_shared|x64'">false</LinkIncremental>
<OutDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='debug_static_mt|x64'">..\lib64\</OutDir>
<IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='debug_static_mt|x64'">obj64\Redis\$(Configuration)\</IntDir>
<OutDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='release_static_mt|x64'">..\lib64\</OutDir>
<IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='release_static_mt|x64'">obj64\Redis\$(Configuration)\</IntDir>
<OutDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='debug_static_md|x64'">..\lib64\</OutDir>
<IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='debug_static_md|x64'">obj64\Redis\$(Configuration)\</IntDir>
<OutDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='release_static_md|x64'">..\lib64\</OutDir>
<IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='release_static_md|x64'">obj64\Redis\$(Configuration)\</IntDir>
<TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='debug_shared|x64'">PocoRedis64d</TargetName>
<TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='debug_static_md|x64'">PocoRedismdd</TargetName>
<TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='debug_static_mt|x64'">PocoRedismtd</TargetName>
<TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='release_shared|x64'">PocoRedis64</TargetName>
<TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='release_static_md|x64'">PocoRedismd</TargetName>
<TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='release_static_mt|x64'">PocoRedismt</TargetName>
</PropertyGroup>
<ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='debug_shared|x64'">
<ClCompile>
<Optimization>Disabled</Optimization>
<AdditionalIncludeDirectories>.\include;..\Foundation\include;..\Net\include;%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
<PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_WINDOWS;_USRDLL;Redis_EXPORTS;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
<StringPooling>true</StringPooling>
<MinimalRebuild>true</MinimalRebuild>
<BasicRuntimeChecks>EnableFastChecks</BasicRuntimeChecks>
<RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDebugDLL</RuntimeLibrary>
<BufferSecurityCheck>true</BufferSecurityCheck>
<TreatWChar_tAsBuiltInType>true</TreatWChar_tAsBuiltInType>
<ForceConformanceInForLoopScope>true</ForceConformanceInForLoopScope>
<RuntimeTypeInfo>true</RuntimeTypeInfo>
<PrecompiledHeader/>
<WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
<DebugInformationFormat>ProgramDatabase</DebugInformationFormat>
<CompileAs>Default</CompileAs>
<DisableSpecificWarnings>%(DisableSpecificWarnings)</DisableSpecificWarnings>
<AdditionalOptions>%(AdditionalOptions)</AdditionalOptions>
</ClCompile>
<Link>
<AdditionalDependencies>%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
<OutputFile>..\bin64\PocoRedis64d.dll</OutputFile>
<SuppressStartupBanner>true</SuppressStartupBanner>
<GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
<ProgramDatabaseFile>..\bin64\PocoRedis64d.pdb</ProgramDatabaseFile>
<AdditionalLibraryDirectories>..\lib64;%(AdditionalLibraryDirectories)</AdditionalLibraryDirectories>
<SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
<ImportLibrary>..\lib64\PocoRedisd.lib</ImportLibrary>
<TargetMachine>MachineX64</TargetMachine>
<AdditionalOptions>%(AdditionalOptions)</AdditionalOptions>
</Link>
</ItemDefinitionGroup>
<ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='release_shared|x64'">
<ClCompile>
<Optimization>MaxSpeed</Optimization>
<InlineFunctionExpansion>OnlyExplicitInline</InlineFunctionExpansion>
<IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
<FavorSizeOrSpeed>Speed</FavorSizeOrSpeed>
<OmitFramePointers>true</OmitFramePointers>
<AdditionalIncludeDirectories>.\include;..\Foundation\include;..\Net\include;%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
<PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;_WINDOWS;_USRDLL;Redis_EXPORTS;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
<StringPooling>true</StringPooling>
<RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDLL</RuntimeLibrary>
<BufferSecurityCheck>false</BufferSecurityCheck>
<TreatWChar_tAsBuiltInType>true</TreatWChar_tAsBuiltInType>
<ForceConformanceInForLoopScope>true</ForceConformanceInForLoopScope>
<RuntimeTypeInfo>true</RuntimeTypeInfo>
<PrecompiledHeader/>
<WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
<DebugInformationFormat/>
<CompileAs>Default</CompileAs>
<DisableSpecificWarnings>%(DisableSpecificWarnings)</DisableSpecificWarnings>
<AdditionalOptions>%(AdditionalOptions)</AdditionalOptions>
</ClCompile>
<Link>
<AdditionalDependencies>%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
<OutputFile>..\bin64\PocoRedis64.dll</OutputFile>
<SuppressStartupBanner>true</SuppressStartupBanner>
<GenerateDebugInformation>false</GenerateDebugInformation>
<AdditionalLibraryDirectories>..\lib64;%(AdditionalLibraryDirectories)</AdditionalLibraryDirectories>
<SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
<OptimizeReferences>true</OptimizeReferences>
<EnableCOMDATFolding>true</EnableCOMDATFolding>
<ImportLibrary>..\lib64\PocoRedis.lib</ImportLibrary>
<TargetMachine>MachineX64</TargetMachine>
<AdditionalOptions>%(AdditionalOptions)</AdditionalOptions>
</Link>
</ItemDefinitionGroup>
<ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='debug_static_mt|x64'">
<ClCompile>
<Optimization>Disabled</Optimization>
<AdditionalIncludeDirectories>.\include;..\Foundation\include;..\Net\include;%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
<PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_WINDOWS;POCO_STATIC;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
<StringPooling>true</StringPooling>
<MinimalRebuild>true</MinimalRebuild>
<BasicRuntimeChecks>EnableFastChecks</BasicRuntimeChecks>
<RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDebug</RuntimeLibrary>
<BufferSecurityCheck>true</BufferSecurityCheck>
<TreatWChar_tAsBuiltInType>true</TreatWChar_tAsBuiltInType>
<ForceConformanceInForLoopScope>true</ForceConformanceInForLoopScope>
<RuntimeTypeInfo>true</RuntimeTypeInfo>
<PrecompiledHeader/>
<ProgramDataBaseFileName>..\lib64\PocoRedismtd.pdb</ProgramDataBaseFileName>
<WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
<DebugInformationFormat>ProgramDatabase</DebugInformationFormat>
<CompileAs>Default</CompileAs>
<DisableSpecificWarnings>%(DisableSpecificWarnings)</DisableSpecificWarnings>
<AdditionalOptions>%(AdditionalOptions)</AdditionalOptions>
</ClCompile>
<Lib>
<OutputFile>..\lib64\PocoRedismtd.lib</OutputFile>
</Lib>
</ItemDefinitionGroup>
<ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='release_static_mt|x64'">
<ClCompile>
<Optimization>MaxSpeed</Optimization>
<InlineFunctionExpansion>OnlyExplicitInline</InlineFunctionExpansion>
<IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
<FavorSizeOrSpeed>Speed</FavorSizeOrSpeed>
<OmitFramePointers>true</OmitFramePointers>
<AdditionalIncludeDirectories>.\include;..\Foundation\include;..\Net\include;%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
<PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;_WINDOWS;POCO_STATIC;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
<StringPooling>true</StringPooling>
<RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreaded</RuntimeLibrary>
<BufferSecurityCheck>false</BufferSecurityCheck>
<TreatWChar_tAsBuiltInType>true</TreatWChar_tAsBuiltInType>
<ForceConformanceInForLoopScope>true</ForceConformanceInForLoopScope>
<RuntimeTypeInfo>true</RuntimeTypeInfo>
<PrecompiledHeader/>
<WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
<DebugInformationFormat/>
<CompileAs>Default</CompileAs>
<DisableSpecificWarnings>%(DisableSpecificWarnings)</DisableSpecificWarnings>
<AdditionalOptions>%(AdditionalOptions)</AdditionalOptions>
</ClCompile>
<Lib>
<OutputFile>..\lib64\PocoRedismt.lib</OutputFile>
</Lib>
</ItemDefinitionGroup>
<ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='debug_static_md|x64'">
<ClCompile>
<Optimization>Disabled</Optimization>
<AdditionalIncludeDirectories>.\include;..\Foundation\include;..\Net\include;%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
<PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_WINDOWS;POCO_STATIC;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
<StringPooling>true</StringPooling>
<MinimalRebuild>true</MinimalRebuild>
<BasicRuntimeChecks>EnableFastChecks</BasicRuntimeChecks>
<RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDebugDLL</RuntimeLibrary>
<BufferSecurityCheck>true</BufferSecurityCheck>
<TreatWChar_tAsBuiltInType>true</TreatWChar_tAsBuiltInType>
<ForceConformanceInForLoopScope>true</ForceConformanceInForLoopScope>
<RuntimeTypeInfo>true</RuntimeTypeInfo>
<PrecompiledHeader/>
<ProgramDataBaseFileName>..\lib64\PocoRedismdd.pdb</ProgramDataBaseFileName>
<WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
<DebugInformationFormat>ProgramDatabase</DebugInformationFormat>
<CompileAs>Default</CompileAs>
<DisableSpecificWarnings>%(DisableSpecificWarnings)</DisableSpecificWarnings>
<AdditionalOptions>%(AdditionalOptions)</AdditionalOptions>
</ClCompile>
<Lib>
<OutputFile>..\lib64\PocoRedismdd.lib</OutputFile>
</Lib>
</ItemDefinitionGroup>
<ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='release_static_md|x64'">
<ClCompile>
<Optimization>MaxSpeed</Optimization>
<InlineFunctionExpansion>OnlyExplicitInline</InlineFunctionExpansion>
<IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
<FavorSizeOrSpeed>Speed</FavorSizeOrSpeed>
<OmitFramePointers>true</OmitFramePointers>
<AdditionalIncludeDirectories>.\include;..\Foundation\include;..\Net\include;%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
<PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;_WINDOWS;POCO_STATIC;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
<StringPooling>true</StringPooling>
<RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDLL</RuntimeLibrary>
<BufferSecurityCheck>false</BufferSecurityCheck>
<TreatWChar_tAsBuiltInType>true</TreatWChar_tAsBuiltInType>
<ForceConformanceInForLoopScope>true</ForceConformanceInForLoopScope>
<RuntimeTypeInfo>true</RuntimeTypeInfo>
<PrecompiledHeader/>
<WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
<DebugInformationFormat/>
<CompileAs>Default</CompileAs>
<DisableSpecificWarnings>%(DisableSpecificWarnings)</DisableSpecificWarnings>
<AdditionalOptions>%(AdditionalOptions)</AdditionalOptions>
</ClCompile>
<Lib>
<OutputFile>..\lib64\PocoRedismd.lib</OutputFile>
</Lib>
</ItemDefinitionGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<ClCompile Include="src\Array.cpp"/>
<ClCompile Include="src\AsyncReader.cpp"/>
<ClCompile Include="src\Client.cpp"/>
<ClCompile Include="src\Command.cpp"/>
<ClCompile Include="src\Error.cpp"/>
<ClCompile Include="src\Exception.cpp"/>
<ClCompile Include="src\RedisEventArgs.cpp"/>
<ClCompile Include="src\RedisStream.cpp"/>
<ClCompile Include="src\Type.cpp"/>
<ClCompile Include="include\Poco\Redis\RedisEventArgs.cpp"/>
</ItemGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<ClInclude Include="include\Poco\Redis\Array.h"/>
<ClInclude Include="include\Poco\Redis\AsyncReader.h"/>
<ClInclude Include="include\Poco\Redis\Client.h"/>
<ClInclude Include="include\Poco\Redis\Command.h"/>
<ClInclude Include="include\Poco\Redis\Error.h"/>
<ClInclude Include="include\Poco\Redis\Exception.h"/>
<ClInclude Include="include\Poco\Redis\PoolableConnectionFactory.h"/>
<ClInclude Include="include\Poco\Redis\Redis.h"/>
<ClInclude Include="include\Poco\Redis\RedisStream.h"/>
<ClInclude Include="include\Poco\Redis\Type.h"/>
</ItemGroup>
<Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets"/>
<ImportGroup Label="ExtensionTargets"/>
</Project>
|
Flow control valve, 3 port Adjustable flow control valve, LKF-60 This LKF-60 Flow Control Valves, is one special type Pressure Compensating Flow Control Valve. LKF model is a full range pressure compensating variable flow control. It is designed so that ...
Dear customer, This is Suvi from Dingmiao Technology Co.,Ltd. Thanks for your inquiry of HIPRETTY PDO thread.Let me introduce more details about our company and products to you. First,our company is located in Shijiazhuang,Hebei province,China,and we have...
Electric Rotary Industrial Hammer Drill With SDS Plus System 850 R/Min Description: The electric hammer is a widely used electric tool. The electric hammer is on the basis of the electric drill, adding a piston that has the crankshaft connecting rod by ...
Product Description China automatic metal gabion mesh machine for making gabion box Gabion mesh machine have been designed to make gabion mesh of various widths and mesh sizes.We can manufacture gabion machine according to customer request.It adopts PLC ... |
We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. If you click 'Continue' we'll assume that you are happy to receive all cookies and you won't see this message again. Click 'Find out more' for information on how to change your cookie settings.
Spatial distribution of clinical computer systems in primary care in England in 2016 and implications for primary care electronic medical record databases: a cross-sectional population study.
OBJECTIVES: UK primary care databases (PCDs) are used by researchers worldwide to inform clinical practice. These databases have been primarily tied to single clinical computer systems, but little is known about the adoption of these systems by primary care practices or their geographical representativeness. We explore the spatial distribution of clinical computing systems and discuss the implications for the longevity and regional representativeness of these resources. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: English primary care clinical computer systems. PARTICIPANTS: 7526 general practices in August 2016. METHODS: Spatial mapping of family practices in England in 2016 by clinical computer system at two geographical levels, the lower Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG, 209 units) and the higher National Health Service regions (14 units). Data for practices included numbers of doctors, nurses and patients, and area deprivation. RESULTS: Of 7526 practices, Egton Medical Information Systems (EMIS) was used in 4199 (56%), SystmOne in 2552 (34%) and Vision in 636 (9%). Great regional variability was observed for all systems, with EMIS having a stronger presence in the West of England, London and the South; SystmOne in the East and some regions in the South; and Vision in London, the South, Greater Manchester and Birmingham. CONCLUSIONS: PCDs based on single clinical computer systems are geographically clustered in England. For example, Clinical Practice Research Datalink and The Health Improvement Network, the most popular primary care databases in terms of research outputs, are based on the Vision clinical computer system, used by <10% of practices and heavily concentrated in three major conurbations and the South. Researchers need to be aware of the analytical challenges posed by clustering, and barriers to accessing alternative PCDs need to be removed. |
Local riders singled out for Canadian eventing team
Five make short and long list for national honours
Oshawa This Week
DURHAM -- A number of local riders have been named to the 2013 Canadian national eventing team.
Michele Mueller of Port Perry and Jessica Phoenix, formerly of Uxbridge, are among 11 riders named to the short list. The short list is comprised of horse/rider combinations with results that show they are successfully representing Canada in international competition.
A trio of riders was also named to the long list and have the potential to make the short list based on their results. They include Diana Burnett of Blackstock (Shigatzi, Diamond Cut III), Ian Roberts of Port Perry (Faolan) and Cody Sturgess, also of Port Perry (Imperial Melody). |
Q:
Getting an error Run time erro 9, Subscript Out of Range
I am getting this run-time error 9 , Subscript Out of range in Excel VBA 2003 while creating charts,
Somewhere in the code, Public Chrt_color As Variant and also
'Assigning the chart colors
Chrt_color = Array(4, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18, 21, 22, 23, 3, 43, 51, 50, 39, 47, 52, 56)
Public Sub label_creation_Chart5(ByRef wksht As Excel.Worksheet)
Dim i As Integer
Dim j As Integer
Dim iTemp As Integer
Dim cht_Num As Integer
Dim iTextBoxLoc As Integer
Dim dbTemp As Double
Dim vSeriesValues As Variant
Dim dbSeriesLastValue() As Double
Application.ScreenUpdating = False
cht_Num = 5
wksht.ChartObjects("Chart 5").Activate
wksht.ChartObjects("Chart 5").Select
Do While ActiveChart.TextBoxes.Count > 0
ActiveChart.TextBoxes(1).Delete
Loop
If ActiveChart.SeriesCollection.Count < 1 Then GoTo Sub_end
ReDim dbSeriesLastValue(1 To ActiveChart.SeriesCollection.Count) As Double
ReDim iSeriesIndex(1 To ActiveChart.SeriesCollection.Count) As Integer
For i = 1 To ActiveChart.SeriesCollection.Count
vSeriesValues = ActiveChart.SeriesCollection(i).Values
If wksht.Range("AJ" & (i + 52)).Value = "Yes" Or _
(prdName = "" And InStr(wksht.Range("A" & (i + 52)).Value, corpName) > 2) Then
ActiveChart.SeriesCollection(i).Border.ColorIndex = 5
wksht.Range("Z" & (i + 52) & ":AH" & (i + 52)).Font.ColorIndex = 5
Else
ActiveChart.SeriesCollection(i).Border.ColorIndex = Chrt_color(i)
wksht.Range("Z" & (i + 52) & ":AH" & (i + 52)).Font.ColorIndex = Chrt_color(i)
End If
dbSeriesLastValue(i) = vSeriesValues(UBound(vSeriesValues, 1))
iSeriesIndex(i) = i
iTextBoxLoc = 12 + 202 * (1 - (vSeriesValues(UBound(vSeriesValues, 1)) / (ActiveChart.Axes(xlValue).MaximumScale - ActiveChart.Axes(xlValue).MinimumScale)))
With ActiveChart.TextBoxes.Add(195, iTextBoxLoc, 100, 13)
.AutoSize = True
.Text = ActiveChart.SeriesCollection(i).Name
With .Font
.Name = "Arial"
.Size = 7
.ColorIndex = ActiveChart.SeriesCollection(i).Border.ColorIndex
End With
End With
Next i
For i = 1 To (ActiveChart.SeriesCollection.Count - 1)
For j = i + 1 To ActiveChart.SeriesCollection.Count
If dbSeriesLastValue(j) < dbSeriesLastValue(i) Then
dbTemp = dbSeriesLastValue(j)
dbSeriesLastValue(j) = dbSeriesLastValue(i)
dbSeriesLastValue(i) = dbTemp
iTemp = iSeriesIndex(j)
iSeriesIndex(j) = iSeriesIndex(i)
iSeriesIndex(i) = iTemp
End If
Next j
Next i
I am getting the error at ActiveChart.SeriesCollection(i).Border.ColorIndex = Chrt_color(i)
Also value of ActiveChart.SeriesCollection(i).Border.ColorIndex = -4105 is showing in intermediate window when the error occurs.
Please help!
A:
I'd look at the value of i when you get the error message. Your code iterates i from to the number of series. Say you had more series than the elements of Chtr_color, then Chrt_color(i) doesn't evaluate beyond.
Another problem might be the series index goes from 1 to N while the array index goes from 0 to N-1.
|
Q:
Recursion: look like same function but print out different flow of execution
I tried to print out flow of execution of factorial recursion function.
def factorial(n):
space=' '*(4*n)
print(space,'factorial ',n)
if n==0:
print(space,'returning 1')
return 1
else:
recurse=factorial(n-1)
result=n*recurse
print(space,'returning ', result)
return n*recurse
With factorial(2) result will be correct:
factorial 2
factorial 1
factorial 0
returning 1
returning 1
returning 2
2
But when I don't use variable recurse=factorial(n-1):
def factorial(n):
space=' '*(4*n)
print(space,'factorial ',n)
if n==0:
print(space,'returning 1')
return 1
else:
result=n*factorial(n-1)
print(space,'returning ', result)
return n*factorial(n-1)
then with factorial(2) it printed out different flow:
factorial 2
factorial 1
factorial 0
returning 1
returning 1
factorial 0
returning 1
returning 2
factorial 1
factorial 0
returning 1
returning 1
factorial 0
returning 1
2
My question is: why was there different flow of executions [with and without variable recurse=factorial(n-1)]?
A:
This is due to below extra function call in your code
def factorial(n):
space=' '*(4*n)
print(space,'factorial ',n)
if n==0:
print(space,'returning 1')
return 1
else:
result=n*factorial(n-1)
print(space,'returning ', result)
return n*factorial(n-1) # factorial(n-1) is called second time so that this function is executed once again
You could do as below for similar execution
def factorial(n):
space=' '*(4*n)
print(space,'factorial ',n)
if n==0:
print(space,'returning 1')
return 1
else:
result=n*factorial(n-1)
print(space,'returning ', result)
return result
|
Schedule today a Roseville Gutters Estimate Is there a big difference between shopping for gutter system products near a big box store versus purchasing from us affordable gutter guards? How do you secure the gutter leaf guards to the home in Roseville, MI 48066? Should we buy gutter leaf guards, do...
Schedule today a Detroit Gutters Estimate Do you need house leaf protection that are promised not to clog for your Detroit, MI 48239 area home? Rain gutter repair or price estimate for leaf protection for your property in Detroit, Michigan? Call the specialists for a leaf protection quote in Detroit...
Schedule today a Woodbridge Gutters Estimate Whom is the company to contact if you are in need of leaf protection around Woodbridge MI? Searching for leaf protection contractors for leaf gutter guards installers near Woodbridge? Are you searching for the very best gutter leaf guards contractor withi...
Schedule today a Detroit Gutters Estimate How far apart should gutter hangers be spaced? How much more is it for gutter leaf guards to be installed with my new leaf protection around Detroit? How much money should leaf protection near Detroit MI cost? Is there a difference between buying gutter supp...
Schedule today a Shelby Township Gutters Estimate Which size of downspout is ideal for my house? What exactly kind of leaf protection do I need to have in Shelby Township? Just what size leaf protection? do I need to have near Shelby Township, MI for my leaf protection? What colors are offered for y...
Schedule today a Macomb Township Gutters Estimate Should we choose a professional leaf protection installer to put up my gutter leaf protection within Macomb Township Michigan? Are you looking to upgrade those outdated gutters on your Macomb Township property? Do you give a no cost quote or bid in M...
Schedule today a Mount Clemens Gutters Estimate Why must I employ us with regard to your leaf protection project near Mount Clemens? Choose gutter covers so you never have to go up that very high ladder and clear your gutters ever again? Precisely what is the distinction near aluminum gauges? Are se...
Schedule today a Orion Township Gutters Estimate Do your company sell several styles of gutter leaf guards close to Orion Township MI? Why do I need my gutter leaf protection cleaned? What is the difference between five inch & six in leaf gutter guards? Are you hiring for a MI gutter leaf guard... |
2011 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship
The 2011 Bord Gáis Energy GAA Hurling All-Ireland Under-21 Championship is the 48th staging of the All-Ireland Championship since its inception in 1964. Games were played between 1 June and 10 September 2011. Galway won the title after a 3-14 to 1-10 win against Dublin.
The Championship
Overview
The All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship of 2010 will be run on a provincial basis as usual. It will be a knockout tournament with pairings drawn at random in the respective provinces - there will be no seeds.
Each match will be played as a single leg. If a match is drawn a period of extra time will be played, however, if both sides were still level at the end of extra time a replay will take place.
Format
Leinster Championship
Quarter-finals: (2 matches) These are two lone matches between the first four teams drawn from the province of Leinster. Two teams are eliminated at this stage while the two winners advance to the semi-finals.
Semi-finals: (2 matches) The two winners of the two quarter-final games join the two remaining Leinster teams, who received a bye to this stage, to make up the semi-final pairings. Two teams are eliminated at this stage while the two winners advance to the final.
Final: (1 match) The winners of the two semi-finals contest this game. One team is eliminated at this stage while the winners advance to the All-Ireland semi-final.
Munster Championship
Quarter-final: (1 match) This is a single match between the first two teams drawn from the province of Munster. One team is eliminated at this stage while the winners advance to the semi-finals.
Semi-finals: (2 matches) The winners of the lone quarter-final game join the three remaining Munster teams, who received a bye to this stage, to make up the semi-final pairings. Two teams are eliminated at this stage while the two winners advance to the final.
Final: (1 match) The winners of the two semi-finals contest this game. One team is eliminated at this stage while the winners advance to the All-Ireland semi-final.
Fixtures
Leinster Under-21 Hurling Championship
Munster Under-21 Hurling Championship
Ulster Senior Hurling Championship
All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship
Scoring statistics
Top scorers overall
Top scorers in a single game
References
External links
Full list of results for the 2011 championship
Under 21
Category:All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championships |
A Southland man says he has trapped 170 cats on his property and buried them in his vegetable garden.
A Southland man who claims to have 170 cats buried in his vegetable patch says he hasn't killed any of his neighbour's pets.
Ian Gamble, of Otatara, a suburb of Invercargill, posted the claim on Environment Southland's social media page after it announced a proposal to microchip and register cats in some areas.
His first post said "Ban cats in Otatara."
Facebook Southland man Ian Gamble said he had 170 cats in his veggie garden "which was the best place for a cat in a bush suburb.''
Further down the page, he said: "...Cats do not belong in bush suburbs. If they are not banned they should be contained indoors. I have lived here for over 30 years and have 170 cats in my veggie garden, which is the best place for a cat in a bush suburb."
READ MORE:
Southland plan proposes to register cats
Southland cats could have curfew if Wildlife Protection Zones introduced
Feral cat colonies threatening Omaui
Gamble said he made the comments to "rark up the cat ladies of Otatara."
"All the cat ladies look at them [cats] like they are some kind of pariah. I don't hate cats.
"I'm legally allowed to use a humane kill trap on my property and almost all of the cats were feral.
"When I moved here 30 years ago there weren't any neighbours here and there were cats everywhere living in the bush. Some of them had three legs and some had serious eye diseases. They were all over my section and were living under my house.
"What was I supposed to do?
He said it was "very unlikely" he would have killed any of his neighbours pets in his traps.
"If there were neighbour's cats here they were covering a very big area.
"It's very difficult to catch a cat in a trap if it is well fed. This thing [the trap] is an alien thing to a cat."
The trap worked by breaking the cat's neck if it put it's head in to sniff at bait, he said.
"I've never seen anything live through it."
Gamble said he had never used firearms to kill cats.
"I don't use guns - it is illegal to use a firearm in the neighbourhood.
Gamble said since he culled the cats, fernbirds have returned to his property, which is in the middle of a reserve.
Environment Southland was carrying out public consultation on its proposed Southland Regional Pest Management Plan, which proposed registering and microchipping cats in some areas and banning residents of Omaui from getting a new cat when their current pet died.
Gamble said he was unsure whether he would make a submission.
"Regional councils spend a while lot of time doing absolutely nothing so I'm not holding my breath about it."
His comments on the Facebook page riled some other posters, with one vowing to report him to the SPCA.
The Invercargill branch of the SPCA said it was aware of the claim and was investigating.
Envronment Southland's Regional Pest Management Strategy for Southland lists feral cats as a suppression animal on mainland Southland and Stewart Island/Rakiura and an exclusion animal on offshore and inland islands. |
Use of a 5-Item Modified Frailty Index for Risk Stratification in Patients Undergoing Surgical Management of Distal Radius Fractures.
Compared with cast treatment, surgery may expose patients with distal radius fractures to undue risk. Surgical intervention in this cohort may offer less benefit than previously thought and appropriate patient selection is imperative. The modified Frailty Index (mFI) predicts complications after other orthopedic surgeries. We hypothesized that this index would predict, and might ultimately prevent, complications in patients older than 50 years with distal radius fractures. We retrospectively reviewed the American College of Surgeons-National Surgery Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database, including patients older than 50 years who underwent open reduction and internal fixation of a distal radius fracture. A 5-item mFI score was then calculated for each patient. Postoperative complications, readmission and reoperation rates, as well as length of stay (LOS) were recorded. Bivariate and multivariable statistical analysis was then performed. We identified 6,494 patients (mean age, 65 years). Compared with patients with mFI of 0, patients with mFI of 2 or greater were nearly 2.5 times as likely to incur a postoperative complication (1.7% vs 7.4%). Specifically, the rates of Clavien-Dindo IV, wound, cardiac, and renal complications were increased significantly in patients with mFI of 2 or greater. In addition, as mFI increased from 0 to 2 or greater, 30-day reoperation rate increased from 0.8% to 2.4%, 30-day readmission from 0.8% to 4.6%, and LOS from 0.5 days to 1.44 days. Frailty was associated with increased complications as well as rates of readmission and reoperation even when controlling for demographic data, LOS, and operative time. Age alone was not significantly associated with postoperative complications, readmission, reoperation, or LOS. A state of frailty is highly predictive of postoperative complications, readmission, reoperation, and increased LOS following open reduction and internal fixation of distal radius fractures. Our data suggest that a simple frailty evaluation can help inform surgical decision making in patients older than 50 years with distal radius fractures. Prognostic II. |
LALISH, Iraq — Sunday afternoon, they began to arrive.
Just hours after Al Qaeda-inspired extremists, known as the Islamic State, invaded their hometown Sinjar in northern Iraq, a steady flow of newly displaced families poured into the holy city of Lalish.
Sinjar is a predominantly Yazidi town which had been under Kurdish control since the Iraqi army fled in June. The semi-autonomous Kurdish territory in Iraq now shares a border with the self-declared caliphate under Islamic State control.
Yazidis, who have been persecuted for centuries, adhere to a pre-Islamic faith linked to Zoroastrianism. Their religion is shrouded in mystery, but most Muslims consider them “devil worshippers.”
On Sunday, one man sat in the courtyard of a temple in Lalish, his face expressing anguish. He was unable to speak. The man next to him explained:
“They captured his whole family,” he said. “They made his wife and daughters cover their hair and faces. Then they made them renounce their religion and swear allegiance to Mohammed. After that, they killed them all.”
The man had been away from his home at the time of the attack. When he tried to return, he was informed of the executions by his companion who dragged him from the scene as thousands fled to the homes of relatives or to the temple, which is now sheltering thousands.
The United Nations says 200,000 civilians, most of them Yazidis, have fled Sinjar and warned of a burgeoning "humanitarian tragedy." While the majority of Sinjar’s population is Yazidi, there are also some Arabs and Assyrian families.
Yazidi families arrive at the Lalish temple, fleeing for their lives after IS seized the city of Sinjar. (Tracey Shelton via Instagram)
The Islamic State (IS) began shelling Sinjar and several surrounding villages in the early hours of Sunday. By midday they had entered the city. Many of the men from Sinjar stayed to fight, while locals say the Kurdish peshmerga forces, who had been protecting the city, fled.
An estimated 600,000 Yazidis remain in Iraq. Lalish, which houses the tomb of Sheikh Adi ibn Musafir, the main figure of the Yazidi faith, is normally a place of pilgrimage and worship. Today, it became a camp for internally displaced people.
While Kurdish media reported that peshmerga reinforcements were on their way, Islamic State members tweeted their victory over the towns of Zumar, Sinjar and Wana.
“IS will extend to Bashika, and Shahan — cities of the Satan worshippers — and Qaraqosh, Tul Kef in the next few hours God willing,” read one tweet shared with the hashtag #_ولاية_ نينوى.
The victories mark the second straight day of losses in the area for Kurdish forces, who had seized control in June after the Iraqi army fled.
“The IS attacked us by mortars and bombs,” said one woman in Lalish, who asked not to be named.
“When they entered the city they were covering their faces. They killed so many people. I saw the bodies. I saw so many people die …” she said, trailing off in tears.
Those arriving in Lalish said all the women and children who were able to fled.
“They are killing everyone,” said 16-year-old Evan. “The Sunnis are OK, but the Shia and Yazidis they are killing, even women and children.”
“Some families escaped to the Sinjar mountains, but they hit them with mortars. I think they are all dead now. I saw the explosions,” Evan said.
Arian, a young boy from the city of Bashika, said many of the families were fleeing his city fearing they may be next.
“My aunt was in Sinjar. They were coming here by car but the IS blew out their tires. I’ve been trying to call her back, but she is not answering her phone,” he said frantically.
Local media are so far reporting 100 deaths, including 30 executed in Sinjar city.
Anger over the abandonment by Kurdish forces was high.
“They told us they would send reinforcements,” said one man, himself a member of the peshamerga forces. “All the Kurds left and it was just us trying to fight. No one came. We had no choice but to run too.”
In the village of Asyan, fleeing families took shelter in the homes of friends and relatives.
A man who had served as the bodyguard of the head of the Iraqi police force in Mosul, before the IS takeover there, said most Yazidis had already fled the city due to almost annual mass killings of Yazidis carried out by Sunni extremists. Of the handful of families that remained, he said all managed to escape with their lives.
“When the IS came, we had to escape in secret,” he said, adding that personally they wanted him dead on two counts, for his religion and his work. “We left all our weapons, uniforms and vehicles behind so we looked like civilians. We know the back streets and managed to escape.”
The conversation was interrupted by a frantic Skype call — a sister living abroad, pleaded for the family to leave the entire district and flee to Erbil.
"In every home there are two or three families," said Dilshad Sluyman, a resident of Asyan who is also hosting Yazidis who fled Sinjar. "They all left everything behind, but the worst thing is not the killing but forcing us to become Muslim. This is worse than death."
Sluyman said many of those who fled said women were being forced to convert and then kidnapped by the IS. Man were executed directly.
“But this attack is not new for us. It has happened 72 times already," he said, referring to both modern and ancient history. The Yazidi community was almost wiped out by massacres at the hands of Ottoman Turks and Muslim Kurdish in the 19th century.
Yazidis protest in Erbil over the retreat of Kurdish peshmerga forces they say abandoned the city of Sinjar to Islamic State forces. (Tracey Shelton via Instagram)
In April, 2007, a bus carrying workers from a textile factory in Mosul was Hijacked. Muslims and Christians were released. The 23 remaining Yazidi passengers were executed. In August that same year, two trucks loaded with explosives almost wiped out two entire Yazidi villages killing more than 500.
In August, 2009, two suicide bombers targeted a cafe in Sinjar, killing 20 and wounding 30 more.
The Yazidi faith, which predates Islam, is a closed religion. Converts are not accepted, and neither is intermarriage with other faiths. They revere the archangel Melek — who Muslims identify as Shaitan or Satan — who refused to bow down to God. But unlike the Satan of Christian and Muslim faiths, their Melek was not renounced by God and they believe evil exists only the hearts of wrongdoers, not in the form of a fallen angel.
As IS continues to push forward through the night, the Yazidi community is bracing for the worst.
"All people are sad for those killed and disturbed also because no one knows what will happen. We hear from many people they may be here in three or four hours. We are afraid they will destroy our temple," said Dilshad Sluyman.
“They believe that if they kill one of us it’s like an automatic visa to heaven.” |
# Expect script for tests for >64k sections
# Copyright (C) 2002-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
#
# This file is part of the GNU Binutils.
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street - Fifth Floor, Boston,
# MA 02110-1301, USA.
#
# Written by Hans-Peter Nilsson (hp@axis.com)
#
# Exclude non-ELF targets.
if ![is_elf_format] {
return
}
# Targets using _bfd_generic_final_link don't sort section symbols
# before local symbols, so don't bother testing them.
if { [is_generic] } {
return
}
# ft32, h8300, ip2k, m68hc11 and m68hc12 run out of address space.
if {[istarget "ft32-*-*"]
|| [istarget "h8300-*-*"]
|| [istarget "ip2k-*-*"]
|| [istarget "m68hc1*-*"] } {
return
}
# Test >64k sections, with and without -r. First, create the assembly
# files. Have a relocation to another section and one within the local
# section.
set test1 "64ksec-r"
set test2 "64ksec"
if { ![runtest_file_p $runtests $test1] \
&& ![runtest_file_p $runtests $test2] } {
return
}
set sfiles {}
set max_sec 66000
set secs_per_file 1000
for { set i 0 } { $i < $max_sec / $secs_per_file } { incr i } {
set sfile "./tmpdir/sec64-$i.s"
lappend sfiles $sfile
if [catch { set ofd [open $sfile w] } x] {
perror "$x"
unresolved $test1
unresolved $test2
return
}
if { $i == 0 } {
puts $ofd " .global start"
puts $ofd "start:"
puts $ofd " .global _start"
puts $ofd "_start:"
puts $ofd " .global __start"
puts $ofd "__start:"
puts $ofd " .global main"
puts $ofd "main:"
puts $ofd " .global _main"
puts $ofd "_main:"
puts $ofd " .global foo_0"
puts $ofd "foo_0: .dc.a 0"
}
# Make sure the used section is not covered by common linker scripts.
# They should get separate section entries even without -r.
puts $ofd " .altmacro"
puts $ofd " .macro sec secn, secp"
if {![istarget "frv-*-*linux*"]} then {
puts $ofd " .section .foo.\\secn,\"ax\""
} else {
puts $ofd " .section .foo.\\secn,\"aw\""
}
puts $ofd " .global foo_\\secn"
puts $ofd "foo_\\secn:"
puts $ofd " .dc.a foo_\\secp"
puts $ofd "bar_\\secn:"
puts $ofd " .dc.a bar_\\secn"
puts $ofd " .endm"
if {![istarget "bfin-*-*"]} then {
puts $ofd " secn = [expr $i * $secs_per_file]"
} else {
puts $ofd " .set secn, [expr $i * $secs_per_file]"
}
puts $ofd " .rept $secs_per_file"
if {![istarget "bfin-*-*"]} then {
puts $ofd " secn = secn + 1"
} else {
puts $ofd " .set secn, secn + 1"
}
puts $ofd " sec %(secn), %(secn-1)"
puts $ofd " .endr"
close $ofd
}
if [catch { set ofd [open "tmpdir/$test1.d" w] } x] {
perror "$x"
unresolved $test1
unresolved $test2
return
}
# The ld-r linked file will contain relocation-sections too, so make it
# half the size in order to try and keep the test-time down.
# The m32r target generates both REL and RELA relocs (for historical
# reasons) so the expected number of sections will be much more than
# 68000, which throws this particular test right off.
if { ![istarget "m32r-*-*"] } then {
foreach sfile [lrange $sfiles 0 [expr [llength $sfiles] / 2]] {
puts $ofd "#source: $sfile"
}
#force z80 target to compile for eZ80 in ADL mode
if { [istarget "z80-*-*"] } then {
puts $ofd "#as: -ez80-adl"
}
puts $ofd "#ld: -r"
puts $ofd "#readelf: -W -Ss"
puts $ofd "There are 680.. section headers.*:"
puts $ofd "#..."
puts $ofd " \\\[ 0\\\] .* 680\[0-9\]\[0-9\]\[ \]+0\[ \]+0"
puts $ofd "#..."
puts $ofd " \\\[ \[0-9\]\\\] \.foo\.1\[ \]+PROGBITS\[ \]+.*"
puts $ofd "#..."
puts $ofd " \\\[65279\\\] (.rel\[a\]?)?\\.foo\\.\[0-9\]+ .*"
puts $ofd " \\\[65280\\\] (.rel\[a\]?)?\\.foo\\.\[0-9\]+ .*"
puts $ofd "#..."
puts $ofd " 340..: 0+\[ \]+0\[ \]+SECTION\[ \]+LOCAL\[ \]+DEFAULT\[ \]+68... .*"
puts $ofd "#..."
puts $ofd " 340..: 0+(2|4|8)\[ \]+0\[ \]+NOTYPE\[ \]+LOCAL\[ \]+DEFAULT\[ \]+\[2-7\] bar_1$"
puts $ofd "#..."
puts $ofd ".* bar_34000$"
puts $ofd "#..."
# Global symbols are not in "alphanumeric" order, so we just check
# that the first and the last are present in any order (assuming no
# duplicates).
puts $ofd ".* (\[0-9\] foo_1|68... foo_34000)$"
puts $ofd "#..."
puts $ofd ".* (\[0-9\] foo_1|68... foo_34000)$"
puts $ofd "#pass"
close $ofd
run_dump_test "tmpdir/$test1"
}
if [catch { set ofd [open "tmpdir/$test2.d" w] } x] {
perror "$x"
unresolved $test2
return
}
# too big for avr, d10v and msp
# lack of fancy orphan section handling causes overlap on fr30 and iq2000
if { ![istarget "d10v-*-*"]
&& ![istarget "avr-*-*"]
&& ![istarget "msp*-*-*"]
&& ![istarget "fr30-*-*"]
&& ![istarget "iq2000-*-*"]
&& ![istarget "pru-*-*"] } {
foreach sfile $sfiles { puts $ofd "#source: $sfile" }
if { [istarget spu*-*-*] } {
puts $ofd "#ld: --local-store 0:0"
} elseif { [istarget "i?86-*-linux*"] || [istarget "x86_64-*-linux*"] } {
puts $ofd "#ld: -z noseparate-code"
} else {
puts $ofd "#ld:"
}
#force z80 target to compile for eZ80 in ADL mode
if { [istarget "z80-*-*"] } then {
puts $ofd "#as: -ez80-adl"
}
puts $ofd "#readelf: -W -Ss"
puts $ofd "There are 660.. section headers.*:"
puts $ofd "#..."
puts $ofd " \\\[ 0\\\] .* 660..\[ \]+0\[ \]+0"
puts $ofd "#..."
puts $ofd " \\\[65279\\\] \\.foo\\.\[0-9\]+ .*"
puts $ofd " \\\[65280\\\] \\.foo\\.\[0-9\]+ .*"
puts $ofd "#..."
puts $ofd " 660..: \[0-9a-f\]+\[ \]+0\[ \]+SECTION\[ \]+LOCAL\[ \]+DEFAULT\[ \]+660.. "
puts $ofd "#..."
puts $ofd " 660..: \[0-9a-f\]+\[ \]+0\[ \]+NOTYPE\[ \]+LOCAL\[ \]+DEFAULT\[ \]+\[0-9\] bar_1$"
puts $ofd "#..."
puts $ofd ".* bar_66000$"
puts $ofd "#..."
# Global symbols are not in "alphanumeric" order, so we just check
# that the first and the last are present in any order (assuming no
# duplicates).
puts $ofd ".* (\[0-9\] foo_1|66... foo_66000)$"
puts $ofd "#..."
puts $ofd ".* (\[0-9\] foo_1|66... foo_66000)$"
puts $ofd "#pass"
close $ofd
run_dump_test "tmpdir/$test2"
}
for { set i 1 } { $i < $max_sec / $secs_per_file } { incr i } {
catch "exec rm -f tmpdir/dump$i.o" status
}
|
When is Nicholson leaving though? I thought he was temporary as well. I wasn't really against him at first, but I sort of get why so many people were concerned now. I wish Kessler would stay and Nicholson would leave, just so it's easier to tell apart which articles are from the main staff in my live bookmarks instead of having to just ignore everything that isn't a quick look because anything else is likely to be a day-late Kotaku article.
It doesn't look like they are going to hire him. It's sad because I liked Kessler Kam. And he chose two of my questions for the BC2 TNT. TWO. That's a lot. His Quick Looks also seemed cool when Ryan was not in them.
There were some good things about him and some bad things about him, but one thing I wont miss was some of his humor. But I do enjoy some of the content he put out i.e. Kessler Kam was a cool look into the office..
The Kessler Kam's were great and a nice insight into more of the GB and WM working atmosphere. He was/is very aware of the community as well and tried to serve that as best he could I think, which was really good.
If I was to give Matt some advice then it would be to develop his own ideas and style more (though that admittedly normally comes with age anyway). It's fairly obvious and understandable that he's been very influenced by Jeff and the crew etc. for some time but I feel he's sticking to their shadow rather than stepping out by himself so far. That's my reading of the situation anyway. Good luck in your future endeavours Matt. |
{
"id": "35291525",
"url": "https:\/\/collection.cooperhewitt.org\/types\/35291525\/",
"name": "Tassels",
"count_objects": "5",
"supersedes": "0",
"superseded_by": "0"
} |
Prevention
By November, most students have settled into the rhythms and routines of the school year. There have been enough homerooms and homework to establish a pattern that is comfortable, or at the very least predictable. The same is true for teachers and parents—there have been...
A 2013 study of 9th and 12th grade Louisiana students suggests that young Louisianans will be more likely to drink alcohol and binge drink if they believe these behaviors are widespread among friends and family; so involve your children in healthy and fun activities with...
According to the 2014 Louisiana Caring Community Survey, by the time Baton Rouge’s students are in 8th grade:
1 out of every 10 students have used alcohol in the past 30 days;
1 out of every 3 students report that their peers have favorable attitudes... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.