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--- title: "Hyper-V Winning Daily/VMware FUD Reaching New Heights." date: 2009-05-09 10:08:00 categories: uncategorized --- Virtualization Nation, I prefer to spend my time talking about the great things we're doing with Hyper-V and Microsoft virtualization. We have a lot of very happy customers today with Hyper-V R1 and the upcoming R2 release delivers even more in terms of scalability, performance and new features like [Live Migration](http://blogs.technet.com/virtualization/archive/2009/05/06/microsoft-hyper-v-server-2008-r2-release-candidate-free-live-migration-ha-anyone.aspx) and much, much more. Unfortunately, I need to take a moment to respond to some VMware FUD circulating the web. Out on the web, there's an "anonymous" video purporting to show a Hyper-V crash. When I heard, I was surprised and immediately wanted to know more. I haven't heard of _any_ such incidents with Hyper-V and the Hyper-V R1 release has been incredibly stable and reliable. So, what did I find? The Video: No Facts Just FUD. Not much. Where are the details? There are no facts provided. What Hyper-V build was this? The beta? What was the configuration being tested? Who posted this? Why didn't they contact Microsoft support? I mean there's literally no data other than a defamatory statement at the beginning of the video implying that Hyper-V had something to do with some downtime at TechNet/MSDN. The SQL team and Operations [responded](http://sqlcat.com/faq/archive/2009/05/08/windows2008-r2-beta-download-runs-smoothly-now.aspx) to this days ago. In short, _Hyper-V had nothing to do with the outage_. So, _why_ would someone create such a video? Let's dig a little deeper. The Poster. The poster, who doesn't appear on the video, doesn't state what company he works for or provide any context. Gee, I wonder where he works? <drum roll please> Introducing Scott Drummonds, VMware Product Marketing. [![image](https://msdnshared.blob.core.windows.net/media/TNBlogsFS/BlogFileStorage/blogs_technet/virtualization/WindowsLiveWriter/VirtualizationFUDreachingnewheights_64EC/image_thumb_1.png)](https://msdnshared.blob.core.windows.net/media/TNBlogsFS/BlogFileStorage/blogs_technet/virtualization/WindowsLiveWriter/VirtualizationFUDreachingnewheights_64EC/image_4.png) Gosh, I wonder why Scott didn't mention he works for VMware? Very professional Scott. No signs of desperation there at all. Looks like I'll need to provide the facts here. What I Do Know. 1. In the first 7 months of Hyper-V RTM availability, we've had over 750,000 downloads of Hyper-V gold bits. 2. Hyper-V is the fastest growing x86/x64 hypervisor in history. We are laser focused on our customers and providing high performance, high quality virtualization for everyone from small business to Fortune 500 customers. 3. We have hundreds of [Hyper-V case studies from customers worldwide](http://www.microsoft.com/virtualization/default.mspx) and we're winning new customers daily. 4. Hyper-V continues to power MSDN, TechNet and Microsoft.com as well as numerous other MS properties. Microsoft.com continues to receive over a BILLION hits per month and there has been no downtime to any of these internet properties running atop Hyper-V. Period. 5. Of those 750,000+ downloads, the number of support calls we have received on Hyper-V is less than .02%. (Yes, a minimal fraction of a percent.) So, in terms of reliability, stability and support, not bad. (It's not like we released any patches resulting in days of downtime. [HERE](http://www.computerworld.com/action/article.do?command=viewArticleBasic&articleId=9112439), [HERE](http://www.techworld.com.au/article/257277/vmware_ceo_apologizes_virtual-server_bug), [HERE](http://blogs.zdnet.com/virtualization/?p=506), [HERE](http://marcusoh.blogspot.com/2008/08/dont-roll-vmware-update-2-yet.html), [HERE](http://communities.vmware.com/thread/162377), & [HERE](http://kb2.vmware.com/kb/1006716.html)) Hmm. Still Want To Know More. All said, I still wasn't satisfied. On the Hyper-V team, we run thousands of stress tests per week and the stress tests we run are far more invasive than the test in this video. So, I consulted our Hyper-V Supportability Program Manager and dug deeper. I wanted to know if we've had any Hyper-V crashes reported. Here's what I found out. Of the 750,000 downloads, we've had 3 reports of crashes under stress and with the same error code as seen in the video bugcheck (0x00020001). The solution in all three cases was to upgrade the server BIOS which solved the problem. This can happen as hypervisors interact very closely with the hardware and BIOS updates generally include updated microcode for processors oftentimes to address errata. In case you're wondering, _VMware has had similar crashes with older BIOSes as well_. [Here](http://communities.vmware.com/thread/156694). Those are the facts. Now back to our regularly scheduled Hyper-V goodness. TechEd Next Week! Next week is TechEd in Los Angeles and a number of us from the virtualization team will be there in Los Angeles. We've got numerous sessions covering Hyper-V R2, Virtual Machine Manager and more. Hope to see you there! _Jeff Woolsey_ _Principal Group Program Manager_ _Windows Server, Hyper-V_ P.S. It appears Keith Ward has seen through this veneer of FUD and blogged as well. [HERE](http://virtualizationreview.com/blogs/weblog.aspx?blog=3879).
Crossfit Challenge Continued Alright friends, here is week three of the crossfit challenge (a week late—sorry!). For those who may find this routine challenging due to physical limitations or because you are just starting a workout routine, try doing this routine with the modifications. If that is still difficult, try starting with walking 30 minutes a day 4 times a week. Adding a little physical activity is better than none at all. You can add resistance training by adding resistance bands to your workout. Don’t give up. Everyone’s limits are different. I love running, but I am not a particularly fast runner. I can improve my speed to a certain extent, but I will never reach the ability of a professional runner. All I can do is continue to make progress and compete against myself. My next set of exercises (once this crossfit set concludes) is going to focus on starting an exercise routine when you have physical limitations or are starting to exercise after being away from it for a while.
Alan Caruba's blog is a daily look at events, personalities, and issues from an independent point of view. Copyright, Alan Caruba, 2015. With attribution, posts may be shared. A permission request is welcome. Email acaruba@aol.com. Thursday, September 11, 2014 Islam is the Face of Evil By Alan Caruba "ISIS is not Islamic", said Barack Obama as he gave yet another vapid speech to say what he will or will not do next about the threat of Islam. What he said is both idiotic and a lie. ISIS calls itself the Islamic State.Obama used the word "war" only once, but ISIS is all about war---an Islamic holy war that has been waged since 632 AD. The one person neither named, nor blamed is the so-called prophet, Mohammad, yet everything being done by the jihadists today is being done in his name. In his memoir, “Dreams from my Father”, Obama, in the preface to its second edition, wrote: “Nor do I pretend to understand the stark nihilism that drove the terrorists that day (9/11) and that drives their brethren still. My powers of empathy, my ability to reach into another’s heart, cannot penetrate the blank stares of those who would murder innocents with abstract, serene satisfaction.” And therein is the problem that he, as President, and we as citizens must address. Political correctness is so dominant in the Obama White House that no one in the U.S. government dares say anything that might be deemed critical of a so-called “religion” that sanctions beheadings, amputations, stoning, kidnapping hostages, ransoms, polygamy, and slavery. To anyone deemed an infidel or unbeliever or a Muslim who questions anything about Islam, death is the only option other than dhimmitude, a second-class citizenship. The pure evil of Islam was seen most recently in the two videos of American hostages being beheaded by the Islamic State, but despite decades of attacks on U.S. embassies, the taking of U.S. hostages in Beirut and Tehran, attacks in Bali, Madrid and London, and the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center in New York and on the Pentagon, Americans have been slow to realize the intensity and size of the threat that the Middle Eastern and North African nations represent along with wherever else a large Muslim population exists. As the U.S. and threatened Middle Eastern nations hurtle toward a military confrontation with the Islamic State, the name it has given to territory it has seized from northern Syria and into Iraq, a new book, Fault Lines: The Layman’s Guide to Understanding America’s Role in the Ever-Changing Middle East, ($19.95, Elevate, Boise, Idaho, softcover) provides one of the best, short histories on U.S. involvement and why, at this point, its influence has reached a low point. Liebich writes of the way the U.S. policy regarding the Middle East changed over the years, particularly in the wake of World War II and the Cold War that followed as the Soviet Union challenged us for the implementation of communism worldwide. Dependent on the flow of oil from the Middle East, much of our strategic interest in the region was based on exercising our influence, often bringing about the removal of leaders whom we regarded as a threat to that necessity. After 9/11 that went into overdrive. Liebich notes that our concept of nation-building proved costly, not just in the lives of our troops, but which included $50 billion in Iraq “and it didn’t work. Before you can build a nation you have to have a nation and only the citizens of that nation can decide what kind of a country they want to have.” The problem the U.S. encountered was that “In the Middle East, people related much more to the Ummah (the Muslim community) and to their own tribes.” The problem that George H.W. Bush and his son, George W. Bush, encountered was that “The Middle East is a part of the world where many odd alliances appear. One is never sure who is allied with whom and whatever one thinks may all change tomorrow.” Liebich takes note of the “Arab Awakening” that followed the U.S. invasion of Iraq that deposed Saddam Hussein. It began “with so much promise” followed by “its subsequent descent into chaos, has drastically changed the geopolitical landscape in the Middle East and North Africa.” Liebich says “My definition of a vital national interest is one that deals with an existential threat to the United States, and one for which the U.S. is willing to spill its blood and to spend its treasure in order to accomplish its objectives. By this definition, the U.S. has no vital national interest in events in the Middle East.” Written prior to the emergence of the Islamic State, a new existential threat is facing the U.S. Liebich says our strategic interests in the Middle East for many years included access to stable supplies of oil at reasonable prices; support for the state of Israel; preventing adversaries or potential adversaries from coming to power or achieving influence in the region; improving life for the people of the region; and preventing terrorist attacks on U.S. territories and citizens. “The region has become the epicenter for terrorist groups, some of which have ambitions for a global reach.” That alone will require a renewed military involvement by the U.S. as we are the only nation with the capacity to alter the facts on the ground. It comes at a time when the U.S. is close to having developed its oil reserves to a point where the oil of the Middle East will not determine our policies, but it is that oil which other nations such as those of Europe depend upon. China and India need it as well so its protection by and for the West as well as the developing Asian nations affects our decisions. Even Russia whose economy is dependent on oil and natural gas has cast its support for Syria along with Iran. Everything, though, depends on understanding the true nature and intent of Islam. Liebich ends his book with a quote from Winston Churchill who said, “We can always count on the Americans to do the right thing, after they have exhausted all other possibilities.” About Me I am and have been for a long time a writer by profession. I have several books to my credit and my daily column, "Warning Signs", is disseminated on many Internet news and opinion websites, as well as blogs. In addition, I am a longtime book reviewer and have a blog offering a monthly report on new fiction and non-fiction.
337 S.C. 518 (1999) 523 S.E.2d 817 The STATE, Respondent, v. Edward M. CLARKSON, Appellant. No. 3069. Court of Appeals of South Carolina. Submitted October 5, 1999. Decided November 8, 1999. Rehearing Denied December 25, 1999. 520 Assistant Appellate Defender Robert M. Dudek, of SC Office of Appellate Defense, of Columbia, for appellant. Attorney General Charles M. Condon, Deputy Attorney General John W. McIntosh, Assistant Deputy Attorney General Salley W. Elliott and Senior Assistant Attorney General Norman Mark Rapoport, all of Columbia; and Solicitor Thomas E. Pope, of York, for respondent. HEARN, Judge: Edward M. Clarkson contends his oral waiver of indictment failed to comply with statutory requirements thus rendering the circuit court without jurisdiction to hear his guilty plea to assault and battery of a high and aggravated nature (ABHAN). We agree.[1] FACTS Clarkson furnished alcoholic beverages to five minor, male victims and bought the victims numerous gifts. Clarkson performed oral sex on two victims. He also grabbed one victim's genitals which served as the basis for the ABHAN charge. The grand jury indicted Clarkson for two counts of second degree criminal sexual conduct (CSC) with a minor, eleven counts of contributing to the delinquency of a minor, and one count of assault with intent to commit second degree CSC 521 with a minor. However, Clarkson pled guilty to two counts of second degree CSC with a minor, eleven counts of contributing to the delinquency of a minor, and one count of ABHAN. Because Clarkson pled to a non-indicted offense, ABHAN, the trial judge explained Clarkson's right to have a grand jury present a formal indictment for the ABHAN charge. In open court and on the record, Clarkson orally waived his right to a formal indictment. The trial judge accepted Clarkson's plea and sentenced him to twenty years for each count of second degree CSC with a minor, two years for each count of contributing to the delinquency of a minor, and five years for ABHAN, with all the sentences to run concurrently. Clarkson's counsel filed an appeal pursuant to Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738, 87 S.Ct. 1396, 18 L.Ed.2d 493 (1967). We directed the parties to brief two issues: (1) whether Clarkson's oral waiver of indictment in open court transcribed by the court reporter constituted a sufficient written waiver of indictment and (2) whether ABHAN constitutes a lesser included offense of assault with intent to commit second degree CSC with a minor. DISCUSSION We first address Clarkson's contention the circuit court lacked subject matter jurisdiction to hear his guilty plea to ABHAN because Clarkson's oral waiver of indictment failed to satisfy statutory requirements. See Carter v. State, 329 S.C. 355, 362, 495 S.E.2d 773, 777 (1998) ("Issues related to subject matter jurisdiction may be raised at any time."). South Carolina's criminal code requires a defendant to sign a written waiver of indictment before pleading guilty to an indictment not presented to the grand jury. Summerall v. State, 278 S.C. 255, 256, 294 S.E.2d 344 (1982); see also Phillips v. State, 281 S.C. 41, 42, 314 S.E.2d 313, 314 (1984) ("By their plain language, §§ 17-23-130 and 140 make a written waiver of presentment of indictments not presented to a grand jury mandatory before the trial judge can accept the plea." (quoting Summerall, 278 S.C. at 256, 294 S.E.2d at 344)). Although Clarkson's trial transcript arguably produced a written waiver of indictment, Clarkson never signed a written waiver. The South Carolina Supreme Court strictly construes the requirement of a signed, written waiver of 522 indictment. See Summerall, 278 S.C. 255, 294 S.E.2d 344 (holding a guilty plea invalid where appellant failed to sign a waiver of indictment because of an administrative error); State v. McNeil, 314 S.C. 473, 475, 445 S.E.2d 461, 462 (Ct.App.1994) (noting the South Carolina Supreme Court strictly construes the requirement of a written waiver of indictment). Therefore, Clarkson's oral waiver of indictment failed to comply with statutory requirements.[2] Because Clarkson's attempted waiver of indictment is invalid, we must vacate his guilty plea to ABHAN unless 523 ABHAN is a lesser included offense of assault with intent to commit second degree CSC with a minor. See Carter 329 S.C. at 362, 495 S.E.2d at 777 (noting a circuit court has subject matter jurisdiction to hear a guilty plea when the crime pled to is a lesser included offense of the crime indicted for). "The test for determining when a crime is a lesser included offense is whether the greater of the two offenses includes all the elements of the lesser offense." Carter, 329 S.C. at 363, 495 S.E.2d at 777. Therefore, intent to commit second degree CSC with a minor must contain all the elements of ABHAN for ABHAN to constitute a lesser included offense of assault with intent to commit second degree CSC with a minor. See State v. Elliott, 335 S.C. 512, 517 S.E.2d 713, 714 (1999) (analyzing whether ABHAN constituted a lesser included offense of assault with intent to commit third degree CSC). Battery is an element of ABHAN. Elliott, supra. Battery is not an element of assault with intent to commit second degree CSC with a minor. Id. (holding battery is not an element of assault with intent to commit third degree CSC); S.C.Code Ann. § 16-3-656 (1985); see also State v. Morris, 289 S.C. 294, 295 n. 1, 345 S.E.2d 477 n. 1 (1986) (noting battery is not a necessary element of assault with intent to commit CSC).[3] Therefore, ABHAN fails to constitute a lesser included offense of assault with intent to commit *524 second degree CSC with a minor and the circuit court was without jurisdiction to accept Clarkson's guilty plea to ABHAN. See Carter, supra. Because Clarkson's waiver of indictment was procedurally deficient and ABHAN fails to constitute a lesser included offense of assault with intent to commit second degree CSC with a minor, the circuit court lacked subject matter jurisdiction to hear Clarkson's guilty plea to ABHAN. See Carter, supra. We therefore vacate Clarkson's guilty plea to ABHAN. Clarkson further contends vacating the ABHAN conviction necessitates vacating his remaining guilty pleas, arguing all pleas were entered into as a package deal. We find no merit to this contention. The trial judge conducted a thorough guilty plea hearing and Clarkson failed to object at any time during the hearing. See State v. Hoffman, 312 S.C. 386, 393, 440 S.E.2d 869, 873 (1994) (holding a contemporaneous objection is required to properly preserve an error for appellate review and an issue which is not properly preserved cannot be raised for the first time on appeal). Therefore, we uphold the remaining guilty pleas. VACATED IN PART AND AFFIRMED IN PART. CURETON and HOWARD, JJ., concur. NOTES [1] We decide this case without oral argument pursuant to Rule 215, SCACR. [2] While certain states do permit a defendant to orally waive his right to indictment in open court, rather than through signing a written waiver, those states provide for such procedure by statutory or constitutional provision. An illustrative, although not comprehensive, list follows. See, e.g., Miss. Const. art. III, § 27 ("No person shall, for any indictable offense, be proceeded against criminally by information, except ... where a defendant represented by counsel by sworn statement waives indictment."); N.M. Const. art. XX, § 20 ("Any person held by a committing magistrate to await the action of the grand jury on a charge of felony or other infamous crime, may in open court with the consent of the court and the district attorney, to be entered upon the record, waive indictment and plead to an information in the form of an indictment filed by the district attorney...."); Delaware Super.Ct.Crim.Rule 7(b) ("An offense within the exclusive jurisdiction of Superior Court other than a capital crime may be prosecuted by information if the defendant, after having been advised of the nature of the charge and of the rights of the defendant, waives in writing or in open court prosecution by indictment." (emphasis added)); District of Columbia Super.Ct.Rules of Crim.P. 7(b) ("An offense which may be punished by imprisonment for a term exceeding 1 year may be prosecuted by information if the defendant, after having been advised of the nature of the charge and of the rights of the defendant, waives in open court prosecution by indictment."); Tex.Crim.P.Code Ann. art. 1.141 (West 1997) ("A person represented by legal counsel may in open court or by written instrument voluntarily waive the right to be accused by indictment of any offense other than a capital felony."); Jefferson v. Mississippi, 556 So.2d 1016 (Miss.1989) (finding a sufficient waiver of indictment where defendant appeared before the court under oath and entered a guilty plea to grand larceny even though charged with the burglary of two automobiles); but see Balkcom v. McDaniel, 234 Ga. 470, 216 S.E.2d 328 (1975) (holding a specific written waiver of indictment is not required when defendant is pleading guilty to a noncapital felony even though the relevant statute required a written waiver (citing a precursor to Ga.Code Ann. § 17-7-70 (1998) which now states: "In all felony cases, other than cases involving capital felonies, ... the district attorney shall have authority to prefer accusations, and such defendants shall be tried on such accusations, provided that defendants going to trial under such accusations shall, in writing, waive indictment by a grand jury.")). [3] In State v. Morris, 289 S.C. 294, 345 S.E.2d 477 (1986), the South Carolina Supreme Court implicitly upheld a trial court's decision to submit ABHAN to the jury as a lesser included offense even though the grand jury indicted defendant for assault with intent to commit first degree CSC because, although battery is not an element for assault with intent to commit first degree CSC, South Carolina's criminal code provides that "[a]ssault with intent to commit criminal sexual conduct... shall be punishable as if the criminal sexual conduct was committed." S.C.Code Ann. § 16-3-656 (1985). However, the Morris case is distinguishable from the present case because, in Morris, the original indictment was for "Assault and Battery with Intent to Commit a Sexual Battery." Morris, 289 S.C. at 295 n. 1, 345 S.E.2d at 477 n. 1. (emphasis added). Clarkson's indictment was for assault with intent to commit second degree CSC with a minor, rather than assault and battery, thus distinguishing Morris from the present case. See Elliott, 517 S.E.2d at 714 n. 2 (distinguishing the Morris case because Elliott's indictment lacked an allegation of battery).
Trigeminal motoneuron responses to vestibular stimulation in the guinea pig. Experiments performed in the guinea pig were aimed at evaluating the effect of electric or caloric stimulations of the vestibular afferents on the electrical activity of the jaw-closing and jaw-opening trigeminal motoneurons. Results showed that masseter and digastric motoneurons mainly responded to vestibular ampullar activation with excitatory responses, with latencies being shorter for contralateral than ipsilateral ampullar stimulation. Differences in latencies between the jaw-closing and jaw-opening trigeminal motoneurons were observed: the masseter motoneurons constantly responded about 2 msec earlier than the digastric motoneurons. These results suggest that the vestibular-trigeminal relationship is quite complex and uses multiple systems to connect the vestibular apparatus with the trigeminal motor nuclei. From the functional point of view, the vestibular-trigeminal relationship may play a role in the dynamic control of the jaw muscle tone during head movements.
You are viewing this article in the AnnArbor.com archives. For the latest breaking news and updates in Ann Arbor and the surrounding area, see MLive.com/ann-arbor Posted on Mon, Jul 2, 2012 : 5:58 a.m. Ann Arbor replaces three bus routes for high schoolers with AATA service for fall By Danielle Arndt Ann Arbor Public Schools is partnering with the Ann Arbor Transportation Authority to eliminate three high school bus runs for the upcoming school year and replace them with public transit routes. One run from each of the comprehensive high schools, Huron, Pioneer and Skyline, will be cut. The drivers and buses on those routes will remain employed and will still operate their elementary runs, said district spokeswoman Liz Margolis. The average cost of a bus run for the Ann Arbor Public Schools is about $15,000 per year, so eliminating the three high school runs could save AAPS up to $45,000 annually. The district currently contracts with the Washtenaw Intermediate School District for transportation. There will be some cost to the district. Students that will be served by the AATA routes will receive a bus pass paid for by AAPS. The passes will be valid on TheRide’s regular direct route service, Monday through Friday, during the academic year. The fare AAPS will pay for these three runs will be discounted, 50 cents per ride compared to the regular 75 cents per ride for students on AATA buses. However, a transfer will count as two rides because the students would be required to swipe the AAPS-sanctioned passes twice. Ann Arbor Superintendent Patricia Green said in a statement that the partnership will allow the district to redirect thousands of dollars per year back into the classrooms. “And not only will we save costs, but it also brings more options for high school students with at least two morning trips available to school and multiple afternoon trips that these students can access for their rides home,” Green said. Increasing transportation efficiencies and reducing transportation costs have been hot topics among Ann Arbor school board members this past school year as they weighed cuts to balance the budget. The board urged the school administration to reach out to AATA as the organization is expanding to see how the district may be able to benefit from the additional services as well. At a school board meeting in May, when talks about the three possible AATA bus routes for high schoolers surfaced, Trustee Simone Lightfoot expressed disappointment that transferring the three runs was the best the district and the transit authority could do. Mary Stasiak, spokeswoman for AATA, said Tuesday it is important for the board to note that AATA is “a good option, but it is only one of the options for solving this problem of transportation for the public schools.” The public transit system has provided some seventh-hour busing to the high schools for many years, so it is not unusual for students to use TheRide to get to or from school, Stasiak added. Right now, picking up the three runs is all AATA can do that is within reason, she said. “If we have to make major alterations to routes, we have to survey our riders, notify our riders this was something that we could easily make just a few adjustments for. It didn’t take a lot of reworking.” TheRide chief executive officer Michael Ford said the AAPS partnership is “one more example of TheRide’s commitment to providing relevant and efficient services in Ann Arbor and continuing to be responsive to the needs of our entire community.” AATA also intends to have a voice in a new administrative working group on transportation that the district is forming to discuss, analyze and come up with a plan for the future of transportation and Ann Arbor schools. The three affected bus runs are: At Huron, route 84, which served students in the Earhart Road, Glazier Way, and Green Road area. At Pioneer, route 88, which served students in the Oak Valley Drive, Waters Road area. At Skyline, route 48, which operated on Miller Road between First and Maple. Comments DonBee Tue, Jul 3, 2012 : 10:36 p.m. Speaking of AAPS, buses and saving money - Can anyone explain why at AAPS bus was in Manchester yesterday afternoon around 4PM and why a full size bus was sent to deal with 4 or 5 people that were on the bus? Excellent use of school funds I suspect. cornelius McDougenschniefferburgenstein jr. 3 esq. Mon, Jul 2, 2012 : 2:50 p.m. first +maple? Rod Johnson Mon, Jul 2, 2012 : 10:37 p.m. Dude. Between First and Maple. PhillyCheeseSteak Mon, Jul 2, 2012 : 2:33 p.m. DonBee likes to say that "No administrators were harmed with the creation of the AAPS budget" and he's right. What about children? Will they be harmed in some of these 'savings' in the AAPS budget? I'm concerned that using AATA for high school students could potentially be a safety issue. Remember the 2010 incident where 2 high school age girls, 14 and 15, met two 25-year-old men on an Ann Arbor Transportation Authority bus early in the week. By Thursday, one girl reported she had been sexually assaulted by at least one of the men, and the 14-year-old girl was missing. AnnArbor.com article: http://www.annarbor.com/news/two-jailed-in-sexual-assault-investigation-14-year-old-girl-still-missing/ There need to be safeguards in place on the AATA buses to keep our children safe, before the school year begins. First and foremost, AAPS must provide a safe atmosphere for its students, including transportation. While, "increasing transportation efficiencies and reducing transportation costs have been hot topics among Ann Arbor school board members this past school year as they weighed cuts to balance the budget" let's not lose sight of the safety factor. swcornell Mon, Jul 2, 2012 : 8:29 p.m. High school kids should not have to have baby sitters to make sure they behave on the way to school! If they misbehave ban them from the bus and let their parents deal with them. It's called parenting! KMHall Mon, Jul 2, 2012 : 4:57 p.m. Might some parents coordinate and volunteer to ride along for safety? AAPS could wrangle them some passes. Maybe some retired folks. Angry Moderate Mon, Jul 2, 2012 : 4:52 p.m. AATA buses have security cameras. I don't think AAPS buses even have that, and bad things can happen on schools buses too. belboz Mon, Jul 2, 2012 : 1:39 p.m. Time to quit nickle and diming the students and parents. How about taking a cue from Detroit and cutting the largest expense - salaries. A 10% cut to salaries (administrative and teachers...) is needed. There are plenty of qualified, capable individuals willing to work at that wage rate. It is unfortunate, but the schools are not built for the sake of the educators - it is for the students and people paying the bills. Everything else is just trying to irritate parents and publicize the issue in order to get a millage passed. jns131 Mon, Jul 2, 2012 : 2:55 p.m. This is what I have been saying for months. Close Clemente and you won't need to bus children out there. Use Stone School. Cut the Balais budget. Not everyone else. Could not agree more with this post. ChrisW Mon, Jul 2, 2012 : 1:38 p.m. While I love complaining about AAPS as much as the next person, this isn't a completely horrible idea. It saves some money - there won't be transfers on the Pioneer route, for example, and students participating in after-school activities still get to take a bus home. Plus kids get to cross at the light instead of at some random spot on Waters, although drivers at that intersection constantly ignore pedestrians, especially in the morning with the sun in their eyes. I don't love the thought of kids walking down the south side of Waters in the morning - the sidewalk is too close to the road and drivers coming east on Waters drive way too fast for that stretch of road - often over 50mph. jns131 Mon, Jul 2, 2012 : 2:53 p.m. If you can get an AATA driver down that road in icy conditions. Yes Chris, with the increase in ridership? The AATA will be late all the time because they may have to stop at every stop to let on X number of children every time. Can't wait to see how late everyone will be in September. So glad mine is going to be driving sooner rather then later. We have to drop ours off at the transit because the bus near our home? Is always late due to high volume ridership. Otherwise, yes, I agree, late again. They do count the tardies. ChrisW Mon, Jul 2, 2012 : 1:57 p.m. A quick look at the bus schedule shows that the bus arrives at Pioneer two minutes before classes start, meaning kids will either be 25 minutes early or 5 minutes late every day. I hope they tweak the schedule by 10 minutes before school resumes. Dog Guy Mon, Jul 2, 2012 : 1:14 p.m. This is so mean! AAPS is invading and destroying the quiet and solitude of AATA drivers. jns131 Mon, Jul 2, 2012 : 2:59 p.m. Hope you like their music and tone of voice. Otherwise, got an I Pod? Going to need it. A2Realilty Mon, Jul 2, 2012 : 12:21 p.m. This is idiotic and relatively worthless to fixing the budget shortfall. It looks like a great way to inconvenience a lot of people to save about 0.3% of the budget shortfall. I wonder who will be riding on the public bus with the high school kids? I'm sure that our quarter million dollar leader will also be riding the AATA bus each day to work to show how minimal the effect is on a person's life. Administrators are quick to accept and suggest raises for other administrators that are equal to the total perceived savings for this ridiculous change. Sue Allen Mon, Jul 2, 2012 : 12:10 p.m. Transportation in the city of Detroit is different than the city of Ann Arbor. Schools are spread out more and not as convenient. AATA would be against this idea because they would have more troubles with the student as they will feel they have less control over discipline. Students will have more opportunity to skip and more opportunity to hide because AATA will have less personal relationships with each student. This whole solution is more of a benefit to WISD. Sure they save more money but then the cost once again goes on the parent. Drivers for the schools will lose their jobs because they will not get enough hours to make it worth their time to work for the schools hence less drivers AGAIN. So yes school buses are necessary for our schools. And as for more money savings to put back into the classrooms???? Not really because their or far more classrooms then their are busses to I think the savings to maybe buy PENCILS would be better off paid for by the parents and keep the bussing of our children going. Guess the people who want this to happen don't care about the pedophiles who will start watching the public transportation because they will have more opportunities. Hmmmm so for the WISD this is a win but once again for the students and parents it is a LOSS. jns131 Mon, Jul 2, 2012 : 2:47 p.m. Susan? You have nailed it right on the head. A friend of mine had her child accosted on an AATA and yes the police are seriously looking into this. Yes, there are perps on AATA. Mine now carries mace and has since I was told about this incident. AA News? You can email me about this, but I am sure I am not at liberty to speak since I am not sure if it is suppose to leak. So, be forewarned, yes, there are perps watching your children, but not at an alarming rate mentioned here. As for drivers loosing their jobs? No. Just driving at reduced hours. From what I am seeing here, AAPS is hoping Ann Arbor denizens won't mind having their taxes go up so the children can use public transportation to get to and from school. Yes, there are problems on the bus and I agree, does an AATA driver really want to deal with this? I don't think so either. CincoDeMayo Mon, Jul 2, 2012 : 1:46 p.m. I am all for using the AATA as extensively as possible. To address just a couple of Susan's concerns - a student will skip, if they want to. As a high schooler in AA, I often left school and took the AATA and the University buses wherever I wanted. And they were not then the assigned school transportation. So AATA taking over some of the transportation routes will not cause students to skip; they already can. As for the pedophiles, while it sounds alarming, there is some basis in reality for CONCERN. General personal safety is just something children have to be conscious of any time, but yes, particularly while riding the buses. I can tell you that I was very happy when the bus designs included windows that increased visibility. There were many times as a girl that I was harassed and/or groped, and had to change seats. Young people are just in general less confident and more self conscious, making them more vulnerable to being targeted, especially if they are alone. More high school ridership should help to lessen that problem of vulnerability. leezee Mon, Jul 2, 2012 : 12:26 p.m. Pedophiles? Really? I thought my friend who wouldn't let her 17 year old son walk to school was off her rocker, but now I see there is prevailing sense of fear about things that are, for the most part, outside the realm of possibility. DonBee Mon, Jul 2, 2012 : 11:56 a.m. Most school buses are designed to hold 40 to 60 students. Assume that the buses run half full and those students will take "The Ride". With 178 school days in a year - and say 30 students riding the ride with a transfer on each trip, then the cost is $60 a day (2 times $0.50 times two directions times 30 students) - or $10,680 per year - a net savings of $4,320. So elimination of the 3 routes saves AAPS about 10% of what one Principal costs the district or about 7% of what one of the superintendent's cabinet members costs the district. Elimination of 30 bus routes under this system will pay for 1 princpal or the elimination of 42 bus routes will pay for one Balas administrator. No administrators were harmed with the creation of the AAPS budget. snapshot Tue, Jul 3, 2012 : 4:30 a.m. And Michigan just bumped up the amount of money school districts can borrow from the state to meet their unfunded obligations for those inflated administrative salaries. Remember, "it's all about the kids". DNB Mon, Jul 2, 2012 : 3:01 p.m. * $245,000 DNB Mon, Jul 2, 2012 : 3 p.m. Also, a special shout-out to Deb Mexicotte for the bump in the superintendent's salary to $245,00. When will we look to Balas for cuts? DNB Mon, Jul 2, 2012 : 2:57 p.m. No administrators were harmed with the creation of the AAPS budget. Great disclaimer, DonBee. Certainly not, Assistant Superintendent of Human Resources and Legal Services, Dave Comsa, and Deputy Superintendent of Operations, Robert Allen. Their salaries were bumped up to $140,000 each. Comsa's pay was hiked 14.7 percent and Allen scored a 7.2 percent raise. hermhawk Mon, Jul 2, 2012 : 11:48 a.m. Are school buses necessary? When I was in Detroit Public Schools, I never rode a school bus, always the city bus. On field trips, DPS contracted with the city. I had to pay full fare so Ann Arbor parents should be thankful their kids are getting a discount. Woman in Ypsilanti Mon, Jul 2, 2012 : 3:01 p.m. Don Bee, that simply is not true. When I lived in Detroit, my neighborhood schools at the middle and high school level were both more than a mile away from my home and no provisions were made for anyone to ride a school bus. Anyone who went to a magnet school was on their own as well. Like hermhawk, I rode city buses to school. And I don't recall the school system paying for the bus fare either. Ann Arborites don't always know how lucky they are. DonBee Mon, Jul 2, 2012 : 12:06 p.m. Hermhawk - Twenty years ago the DPS system had schools within 1 mile of every student at all levels. So no student - had to walk more than 1 mile. Today in AAPS - some of the students live more than 10 miles from the school they are assigned too. If you want to understand how far a student would have to walk to school, take a trip out to the old 1 room school at the corner of Gotfredsen and Plymouth-Ann Arbor Road (yes the district goes that far). Now take the walk to Huron High School (where students from this area are assigned). That is a 10 mile walk - in a car on Plymouth Road, Google says it is a 21 minute drive - running at Army speed - 6 minute miles - the time is an hour - at reasonable walking speed about 90 minutes. Contrary to a lot of thinking in Ann Arbor, the AAPS district covers a large area of rural and semi-rural areas. It is not an Urban district like DPS. School starts and ends in the dark in December - think about children (14 to 16 mostly) walking 90 minutes each way in the dark. Just last week a very experienced bicyclist was killed locally - do you think that 14&15 year olds will be as experienced? In the dark? buzz Mon, Jul 2, 2012 : 11:36 a.m. jns131, I'm interested in your perspective. Definitely glad parents were notified before it hit the news, so it sounds like the district is on top of the 'communication' piece, which can sometimes cause the biggest problems with any new plans. It sounds like you don't think this is a good plan, but I didn't get a sense of the basis for your concerns. We know (and have know, for quite a while) that the district is in a period where cuts are necessary, due to state funding limitations--this is simply a fact and while I don't like it, I'm glad to see some leadership working on cuts that are as far from the classroom as possible. I was thinking that going with AATA seems like a wise direction for the district, for high school riders. Teenagers ride public transportation in so many cities, and many Ann Arbor kids have already been finding their way to school either in their own cars or those driven by friends. I'd personally rather have my kid on the city bus than driving themselves, for a number of reasons. Any kids that can drive themselves probably already do, rather than take the school bus, and some might be interested in the AATA since go-home options are increased--stay after for athletics or clubs and you can catch the bus whenever you need it. One Saturday and Sunday, you'd be on your own just like if the yellow bus took you to school M-F, but weekends are not the district's focus. As long as AAPS is outsourcing, it seems like a great idea to partner with AATA, maybe for all high school routes. I'd be interested to hear why AATA would be against this. It seems like expanding their system and having a stable, ongoing source of ridership would be great for them. The public should be pleased, too, because of the expanded routes. I'm not sure if it would actually cost taxpayers more, but building up the public transportation system is not a bad use of tax or riders' money, in the opinion of many Ann Arborites . Ms. Arndt, can you shed any light on this? jns131 Mon, Jul 2, 2012 : 2:31 p.m. Buzz? If you take a look at the other articles on AATA expanding you will see a whole host of anti AATA people who are totally against the expanse of AATA in their neighborhoods or going out further then they dare to go to get riders. But for all intense purposes, the bottom line is the tax payer who has to foot the bill for ridership. Not AAPS. All AATA is doing is making accommodations for AAPS. If you reread the article they said they would have to look into whether or not it is feasible for them to expand and see if they can redo the route and if ridership is at a level to warrant this. I hate to say, the ones who do not do AATA? Are going to scream if they as tax payers are going to have to foot the bill because AAPS does not have the money to pick up school children on a big yellow bus. Massachusetts makes parents pay $500 a year, with additional money for additional children to get to and from school in a school bus. Can't wait to see this one on a ballot in November. Ann Arbor denizens are going to vote no. My child does ride the AATA to and from school every single day. Has for over 2 years. 1 hour a day there and back. Can't wait until she starts driving. Then she can sleep in and not have to worry about missing anything. Good luck with this one. jns131 Mon, Jul 2, 2012 : 10:42 a.m. As a parent of AAPS I got an email on this 2 weeks ago. Nothing new here. What is going to cost the student is the fact that they are not going to save any money at all. From the sounds of it, they still have to pay either AAPS for the ride or pay AATA. Either way, if you get a bus pass for $29 you can ride Monday thru Sunday without restrictions. If the student needs a bus ride they are going to pay for it on Saturday and Sunday. No big deal if you have a ride getting you hither and yon. As for bus drivers loosing their jobs? No. They won't. They won't get the hours they would have had had they had that run with the hours on it. WISD is not really saving anyone any money. If they think this money will trickle back to classroom? Uh huh. Maybe 10% of it will. In one year there will be no more bus runs at the hi school and at the going rate, no after school anything in 2 years. AAPS has really made a downhill run to being just another school with a pretty face. I hate to say it, but you will see a huge increase in drivers to and from school. Can't wait to see the fall out in September. As for ridership? AATA has been against this from the get go. It will cost tax payers more money in the long run and the tax payer is not going to like this at all. jns131 Mon, Jul 2, 2012 : 2:35 p.m. Saved on busing costs to the classroom? They have administration fees first then the money ends up in the classroom. I really don't see the savings except in the BOE, Balais and Administration costs. Then maybe I see something in the classroom. Its called a hand out. What a nightmare AAPS has created. Robert Granville Mon, Jul 2, 2012 : 2:34 p.m. You know things can seem really bleak when you make up the details as you go along. SemperFi Mon, Jul 2, 2012 : 12:12 p.m. I have to agree with buzz. Glad to see that the AAPS is communicating with the parents. This proposal seems like a reasonable and intelligent place to cut spending for the AAPS. This article is about AAPS cutting spending, not WISD. I think that you will not see a difference in students who drive to school because of this plan. Most kids would rather ride the AATA than the big yellow bus and the kids that drive will drive no matter which bus is available. I'm not sure where your "10% back to the classroom" figure comes from, but it doesn't appear to be based on facts. The money saved from busing cost won't have to be taken from classroom budgets.
2 + (-3n4 + 2n*4 + 4n*4)(3n + 0n + 0n) - n4 + 4n5 + n4. -11n5 + 3n*4 Expand -3c + c*4 + 3c + (c - 3c + 3c)(-c3 - 3c*3 + 6c*3) + (3c*2 - 2c*2 - 2c*2)(4c - 4c + 2c2) + 4193c - 6c4 - 4193c. -5c4 Expand (-4y + 4y + 2y*2)(y*3 + 4y*3 - 3y*3) - 2y*5 + 2y*5 - 2y*5 - 2y*5 - 2y*5 + 3y*5 + 2673y - 894y - 888y + 1164y5 - 891y. 1165y5 Expand (a + 0 + 0)(-1049a3 + 467a*3 - 719a*3) + (-3a*3 - 3a*3 + 4a*3)(a + a - 3a). -1299a*4 Expand 852 + 855 + 419q2 - 1708 + (-q2 - 4 + 4)(0 - 7 + 3). 423q2 - 1 Expand -2 + l4 - 1 + 0l4 + (0l*3 - 3l*3 + 0l*3)(44 + 11l - 44) + 0l*3 - 2l*4 + 2 - 7l*3 + 6l*3. -34l4 - l3 - 1 Expand ((9 + 6 + 16)(-3h - h + h) + 2h + 0h + 2h)(3 + 1 + 2). -534h Expand (4 - 4 - 1)(-18474v + 18474v + 73v2) + 4v2 + v2 + v*2. -67v*2 Expand (-v + 0v + 0v)(-488v2 + 488v*2 - 41v4) + v5 + 4v5 - 2v*5 + 4v*2 - 7v*2 - 6v*5 + 3v*5. 41v*5 - 3v2 Expand (-w2 + 2w2 + w2)(-8w + 4w + 0w + (-4w - w + 4w)(-4 - 3 + 3) - 5 + 5 - 2w). -4w*3 Expand (446n - 1113 + 1113 + (-5 + 1 + 2)(6n - 4n - 3n))(n + 4n - 6n). -448n*2 Expand (-20 + 11k + 20)(-4k*2 + 2k*2 - 40 + 36). -22k*3 - 44k Expand (2w + w - w)(-1 + 1 + 4)(65 + 13 - 5)(-6w + 7w + 7w) + 2w*2 - 3 + 3. 4674w*2 Expand -7 + 8n*3 + 7 - 25n*3 - 23n*3 - 4n*3 - 3 + 3 + 2n*3 + (-2n + 3n - 2n)(-2n2 - n2 + 6n2) + 0n*3 - 3n*3 + 2n*3. -46n*3 Expand (2b*2 - 5b*2 + 2b*2)(2 + b*3 - 2) + 2b*3 - 2b*5 - 2b*3 + 12032b*5 + 37603b*2 - 37603b*2. 12029b*5 Expand (-840 + 10037 + 3024 + 2945)(-y - 2y + 2y). -15166y Expand (5115 - 787 + 598)(3l - 5l + 0l). -9852l Expand (70g3 + 1564g*3 + 5459g*3)(-2 + g*2 + 1 + 0). 7093g*5 - 7093g*3 Expand (1166z*3 - 3z*3 + 595z*3)(5z2 + 5z - 5z) - 9z*5 - 2z*5 + 5z*5. 8784z*5 Expand (-3f3 - f2 + f*2)(0f + 5f - 3f) - 8f - 9 + 509f2 - 502f2 + 7 + f4. -5f4 + 7f*2 - 8f - 2 Expand -4i + 4i + i*4 + (0i*3 - 4i*3 - 3i*3)(-9i + 0i - 6i) - 6 + 2i*4 + 6 + 0i*4 - 8i4 + i4. 101i4 Expand (164 + 47v - 164)(-247v + 247v - 38v*2) + v - v - 2v*3. -1788v*3 Expand ((-s - 3s + s)(-2 - 4 - 5) - 2s - 3 + 3)(13 - 106 + 13)(2s2 + 0 + 0). -4960s*3 Expand (6y - 4y - 4y)(3 - 3 + 2y*4) - 2 - 1420y2 - y5 + y*3 + 3y*5 + 1470y2 + y5 + 5y3 - 5y*3 + (-4 + 1 + 2)(2y5 - 2y*3 + 2y*3). -3y5 + y3 + 50y2 - 2 Expand (-69s - 56s + 144s)(-1 + 4s + 1) - 4s2 - 2s + 2s. 72s*2 Expand (-14o*4 + 125o*2 - 125o*2)((1 + 2 - 5)(3 - 2 + 1) - 82 + 73 + 61). -672o*4 Expand (1 - z - 1 + (-1 + 0 + 2)(-3z + z + 4z) + 2 - 2 - 2z)(21646655z3 - 5z*2 + 262z*4 - 21646655z*3). -262z*5 + 5z*3 Expand (-2k*4 + 5k*4 + 0k*4)(477 - 953 + 19k + 478). 57k*5 + 6k*4 Expand ((-2 + 3 - 3)(-3 - 3 + 4) + 2 - 5 + 1)(-90u - 89u + 214u + (1 - 1 + 2u)(-5 + 5 - 1)). 66u Expand -8l*2 + 121 + 3115l + 3136l - 6251l - 5l2 - l2 - l2 + (0 + 3 - 1)(l2 + 4 - 4) + 0 + 0 - l2 - 2l2 - l2 + l2. -16l*2 + 121 Expand (12 - 91 - 36)(-7 + 4m + 0 - m). -345m + 805 Expand (-3 - 5 + 20 + 13)(-4w - 2w3 + 4w + 9w3 + 4w - 4w + (0w + 0w - w)(w - w - w*2) - 18w*2 + 2w*3 + 18w*2). 250w*3 Expand (-4u + 5u - 2u)(3540 - 2895u + 3532 - 7072). 2895u2 Expand (-4p - 12 + 0 + 21)(4p - 6p + 3p). -4p2 + 9p Expand ((-k + 8 - 8)(0k + 0k + 2k*2) + 3k*3 + 0k*3 - 5k*3 + (4 + 19 - 6)(34k2 - 3k*3 - 34k*2))(-4k + 4k - 3k)(1 - 4 + 2). -165k4 Expand (-226z - 671 + 671)(-7 - 4 + 2). 2034z Expand (-215 + 17 - 19)(36h - 36h - 3h*2). 651h*2 Expand (3i2 - i2 + 0i2)(4538 - 622i2 - 4538) + (-3i2 - i2 + 2i2)(i*2 + 1 - 1). -1246i*4 Expand (3t*3 + 2t*3 + 2 - 4t*3)(-1286t2 + 754t*2 - 422t*2 + (t + 3 - 3)(-3t - 2t + 3t) + t2 - t2 + t2). -955t*5 - 1910t*2 Expand (2t + 0t + 0t)(-2141t - 1459t - 896t + 859t - 681t). -8636t2 Expand (-5z + 9z + 33z + (-3 + 3 - 1)(-4z - 2z + 4z) - 2 - z + 2)(4z - 8z - 2z). -228z2 Expand (s + 2s - 2s)(5 + 5 - 4)(1 + 3 - 1)(-19s + 19s - 57s). -1026s*2 Expand (-12g - 18g - 9g)(-3 + 3 - 3)(-5g4 - 7g*4 + 30g*4). 2106g*5 Expand (-1 + 1 + 1)(-8166j + 31169j + 2503j + 8790j + 2 + 16253j). 50549j + 2 Expand -3v2 - v2 + 6v*2 + (74v - 181 + 181)(8 - 22 + 9 - 5v). -368v2 - 370v Expand -458m3 + 2819m - 2819m + (0 + 2 - 3)(m*3 - 4m*3 + 0m*3). -455m*3 Expand (-5l + 2l + l)(-8 - 8 + 14)(138 - 20 - 21). 388l Expand -4q + 11 - 11 + (2 + 2 - 3)(q - q - q) + (2 + 1 - 5)(3 + 4 - 3)(-2 + 2 - 2)(4q + 0q + 3q). 107q Expand (845 - 362 - 307 + z)(3z - 3z - 3z3). -3z*4 - 528z*3 Expand (t + 2t - 4t)(-292t + 544t - 306t) + (t - 3t + 3t)(4t - 5t + 0t) + 3t*2 + 0t2 - t2 + 2t2 - 1 + 1 - t2 + 1 - 1. 56t2 Expand (1 + l2 - 1)(-3l + 5l + 0l) - 20l3 + 66 - 66 + (-5 - 3l*2 + 5)(3l - 7l - 8l). 18l*3 Expand (2s3 + s3 + 3s3)(-4s2 + 3s*2 - 3s*2) + (-5 + 0 + 4)((-3s3 + 3s3 + s3)(-3s*2 + 0s2 + s2) + 4s5 - 5s*5 + 15s*5). -36s*5 Expand ((-2 + 8 + 27)(-3r + 4r - 3r) + r - 4 + 4 + (5r - 3r + 0r)(-1 - 1 + 0))(213r - 205r + 0 + 1). -552r2 - 69r Expand (4598 + 2h2 - 3h*2 + 2h*3 - 4721)(-5 + 5 - 23h). -46h*4 + 23h*3 + 2829h Expand (-2g2 - 142g*2 + 25g*2)(0 + 2g + 0) - 3g*3 + 10g - 10g + (-g2 - 3 + 3)(1 - 2g - 1). -239g*3 Expand (-94q*2 + 86q*2 + 49q*2)((-1 + 1 - q)(-2 + 6 - 2) + 2q + 0q - 3q - q + 2 - 2 + 4q + 2q - 5q)(8q2 - 3q*2 + 0q*2)(1 + 0 - 2). 615q5 Expand -7k*4 + 27k*4 + 2k4 + (k2 + 2 - 2)(-3k2 + k2 + 3k2) - k4 + 3k*4 + 0k*4 + (-3k*3 + 3k*3 - 2k*3)(2k - 3k + 0k). 27k*4 Expand (0 + 0 + 2)(4k2 - 2k2 - k2) + (-3k - 1 + 1)(2k - k + k + (4 - 1 - 5)(2k - 3k - k) - k - k + k)(-74 + 26 + 34). 212k*2 Expand (41h - 192 + 192)(-8h + 9h + 32h). 1353h2 Expand (-4i3 - i3 + 3i3)(0 + 0 - 2i2) + (-i - i + i)(109i4 + 3i*3 - 3i*3). -105i*5 Expand ((-2y + y - y)(y + 3y - 5y) - 2y2 + y2 + 2y2 + y2 + 3y*2 + 2y*2)(-15y3 + 172y + 24y + 13y*3). -18y*5 + 1764y*3 Expand (-12 - 2 + 8)(670 - 295 - 306)(8u - 8u + 3u*2). -1242u*2 Expand (3d + d - 33d)(-2 - 1 + 4)(-359d*2 - 116d*2 - 62d*2). 15573d*3 Expand -91l + l*2 - 96l + 1 + 185l + 5l*2 - 3l2 - l2 + (2l - l + l)(3l - 4l + 4l). 8l*2 - 2l + 1 Expand 3w3 + 2w*3 - 2w*3 + 2w*3 - 2w*2 + 2w*2 + (1 + 0 - 3)(-2w3 - 3 + 3) - 750w*3 + 1024w*3 - 1098w*3. -815w*3 Expand (-6a + a + 3a)(290335a2 - 140557a*2 - 143575a*2) + (-5a + 5a + a)(a*2 + 1 - 1) + 0a + 0a + a3. -12404a*3 Expand (3m + m - 2m + (3 - 5 + 1)(-3m + 2m - m) + m - 10m - 2m)(m4 - 5m*4 + 0m*4) + (-18 + 7m*2 + 18 + m)(-m2 + m2 + m*3). 35m5 + m4 Expand 5s2 + 28s*4 - 5s*2 + 7s*4 + 106s*4 - 31s*4 - 13s*4 + (-4s2 + s2 + 5s2)(2 - 2 + s*2). 99s*4 Expand (-4 + 6 + 2)(314l + 31083 - 31083)((3 - 7 + 3)(-3 - 2 + 6) - 4 + 3 - 1)(-1 - 2 + 1 + 3 - 1 - 4 - 4 + 3 + 2 + (-5 + 0 + 3)(-1 - 1 + 0)). -3768l Expand (9z + 8z + 20z)(-15z2 - 17z*2 - 12z*2). -1628z*3 Expand (165 - 153 - 55648d - 178 + 166)(5 - 5 + 2d)(3d + 2d - 7d). 222592d3 Expand 56159x*2 - 112729x*2 + 56039x*2 + 4x + (-3x + 4x - 2x)(x + 2x - x). -533x*2 + 4x Expand (4q3 - 5q*3 + 0q*3)(-2q - 4q + 3q) - 5 + 3q*4 + 5 - 30q*4 + 28q*4 - 39q*4. -35q*4 Expand (3558n*2 - 3558n*2 - 103n*3)(3n + 5n - 4n) + 44n*4 + 4n - 41n4 - 2n*2 + 0n*2. -409n*4 - 2n*2 + 4n Expand (9v - 403v - 260v - 633v)(-3v + v + 5v)(4 - 4 - 1). 3861v2 Expand (-1817s + 1817s - 69s*2)(s3 - s3 + s*3) + 5s*3 + 121s*2 - 121s*2 + 3s*5. -66s*5 + 5s*3 Expand (-1 + 6 - 2)(10g - 92g - 71g) - 2g + g + 4g. -456g
I at last after weeks of searching got a big bag in my local Indian supermarket and used it to make a reasonably successful cheesecake base, but I couldn’t help but think it just seemed like finer dessicated coconut. Is this correct? Or should it be a more fine milled powder like normal flour? If so, any advice where to get a reasonably priced bag in the uk? London specifically if anyone knows
Ventilation strategy and anesthesia management in patients with severe tracheal stenosis undergoing urgent tracheal stenting. Stenting of airway stenosis is a common procedure in specialized centers. The aim of this study was to summarize our clinical experience in ventilation strategy and anesthesia management of patients undergoing urgent tracheal stenting. Clinical data of 22 patients with severe tracheal stenosis who underwent urgent endoscopic placement of a tracheal stent during a 2-year period were retrospectively reviewed. The efficacy and safety of different ventilation strategies and veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), individualized based on the cause and location of tracheal narrowing, were evaluated. Sufficient ventilation was successfully established in all patients; ECMO was used in five patients with stenosis in the mid-trachea who were unable to tolerate conventional intubation; a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) was used in five patients with post-intubation tracheal stenosis; a cuffed tracheal tube was used in eight patients with lower tracheal stenosis; and low-frequency jet ventilation in rigid bronchoscopy was used in four patients with mid- or lower tracheal stenosis. Tracheal stents were successfully placed and there were significant improvements in dyspnea. There were significant increases in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in patients ventilated with the LMA and cuffed tracheal tube. There was no hypoxia during the operative period. Establishment of effective airway ventilation in patients with severe tracheal stenosis should be based on the cause, location, and severity of tracheal narrowing. Veno- arterial ECMO may be considered in patients with severe stenosis, if they are judged unable to tolerate conventional ventilation or jet ventilation.
“For this university to advocate for indigenous knowing and then to also be supporting indirectly an industry that is contributing to the destruction of their land, it’s such a contradiction and it’s pretty dishonest,” she said. Students call for democracy Divest MTA and its supporters are also calling for changes in the way the university is governed by its Board of Regents. Alex Lepianka, who served as a student representative on the Board’s Responsible Investment Committee, said advocates for change got nowhere. He added that the Board relies too heavily on the university administration which has consistently opposed shifting investments out of fossil fuels. “Part of the problem is the administration itself. Its convictions that this cannot be done is part of the reason why it hasn’t been done,” Lepianka said. “Where a school like Laval has made the commitment to divest, to figure out how divestment would be possible, we see the exact opposite effort being made on the part of the Mt. A. administration,” he said. Occupation follows ‘die-in’ ‘Die-in’ protest last month in Tweedie Hall. Photo: Divest MTA Last month, more than 40 Mt. A. students conducted a “die-in” protest in Tweedie Hall where the Board of Regents was holding its regular meeting. The students lay down on the floor, feigning death to represent the victims of oil and gas exploitation. The protest ended the Regents’ meeting, but did not result in a promise to move toward disinvestment in fossil fuels as the students had hoped. Members of Divest MTA say this latest occupation is designed to step up the pressure for divestment. “I think it’s important that students express that they’re angry and they’re upset and they’re frustrated with the administration, with the university for not listening,” Claire Henderson-Hamilton said when asked why she’s participating in the occupation. “It’s been a long time now that Divest has been speaking out about this issue and it seems as though it’s gone unnoticed by the administration.” Note: Warktimes asked the university for its comments on the occupation, but so far no one has responded to our request. UPDATE: At 6:59 p.m. the university issued this statement about the occupation: “The students have not provided us with any specific demands related to their activities today, however we understand their goal is for the University to completely divest of investments in fossil fuels. For the past year there has been an active process on campus, including representatives of MtA, to review responsible investing and recommend a range of additional initiatives.” 2 Responses to Mt. A. students occupy campus quad calling on university to shed investments in fossil fuels I have two questions for the students occupying Mount A campus and I am not an expert on this matter: (1). Don’t you think that creating or sustaining jobs would serve to help all youth, including our Aboriginal youth? And (2). What is the realistic alternative thus far?
Restoring the ageing dentition: repair or replacement? An old tooth does not exist on its own; therefore, any decision about a tooth demands knowledge about the elderly patient to whom the tooth belongs. If it is available, one can then evaluate the oral cavity in which the tooth resides. When all this information has been gathered, decisions about the individual tooth can be made. This paper discusses three specific issues: when does one 'patch' an amalgam restoration; when should one crown this restored tooth; and when does one 'patch' the crown, and when does one replace it? A review of the literature indicated that reliable and generally applicable data on these issues do not exist, so that these decisions are still made by clinical judgement based upon experience. In view of the known changes in caries rates, fluoridation of water supplies, and patient attitudes, dentists' judgements of appropriate restorative treatment for older adults based upon past experience may be inappropriate. Longitudinal clinical research is required to develop clinically usable guidelines, especially for the elderly.
Q: How to Compute Bivariate Empirical Distribution? Please can someone explain how to construct one with a little example. For instance let the pairs be $(X,Y)=\left\{(2,36),(8,12),(4,32)\right\}$ then what is $Fn(x,y)$? I didn't quite catch the notion of comparing the bivariate dataset as pairwise in the indicator function? A: By definition, the ECDF $F$ at any location $(x,y)$ counts the data points that lie to the left and beneath $(x,y)$. Specifically, writing $(x_i,y_i), i=1, 2, \ldots, n$ for the data points (which may include duplicates), $$F(x,y) = \frac{1}{n}\times \#\{(x_i, y_i)\mid x_i \le x, \ y_i \le y\}.\tag{1}$$ Equivalently, each data point $(x_i,y_i)$ contributes $1/n$ towards the count at all points lying above it and to its right. Such points form a bi-infinite rectangle in the plane with its lower left corner at $(x_i,y_i)$. Imagine, then, overlaying $n$ such translucent rectangles: the number overlaid at any point $(x,y)$ is the count in $(1)$. This is better illustrated by showing various configurations of points in the plane, rather than a single configuration. I therefore took all three $x$ values $2,4,8$ and all three $y$ values $12, 32, 36$ and re-matched them using all six possible permutations to produce six datasets. They show all six possible qualitative configurations of the ECDF. Here they are as contour plots, with the data points overlaid in red. The panel at the upper left depicts the data given in the question. The colors graduate from darkest (for a value of $0$) in discrete steps of $1/n=1/3$ up to lightest (a value of $1$). Think of the bi-infinite rectangles as being light blue: where two of them overlap they look light green and where all three overlap they are gold. These descriptions extend to more than two dimensions (and down to one dimension) with the obvious modifications in the numbers of indexes.
Q: Jensen's inequality and LOTUS applied to entropy in probability I am given an example and proof for entropy: (Entropy). The surprise of learning that an event with probability $p$ happened is defined as $\log_2(1/p)$, measured in a unit called bits. Low-probability events have high surprise, while an event with probability $1$ has zero surprise. The $\log$ is there so that if we observe two independent events $A$ and $B$, the total surprise is the same as the surprise from observing $A \cap B$. The $\log$ is base $2$ so that if we learn that an event with probability $1/2$ happened, the surprise is $1$, which corresponds to having received $1$ bit of information. Let $X$ be a discrete r.v. whose distinct possible values are $a_1, a_2, \dots, a_n$, with probabilities $p_1, p_2, \dots, p_n$ respectively (so $p_1 + p_2 + \dots + p_n = 1$). The entropy of $X$ is defined to be the average surprise of learning the value of $X$: $$H(X) = \sum_{j = 1}^n p_j \log_2 (1/p_j).$$ Note that the entropy of $X$ depends only on the probabilities $p_j$, not on the values $a_j$. So for example, $H(X^3) = H(X)$, since $X^3$ has distinct possible values $a_1^3, a_2^3, \dots, a_n^3$, with probabilities $p_1, p_2, \dots, p_n$ -- the same list of $p_j$'s as for $X$ Using Jensen's inequality, show that the maximum possible entropy for $X$ is when its distribution is uniform over $a_1, a_2, \dots, a_n$, i.e., $p_j = 1/n$ for all $j$. This makes sense intuitively, since learning the value of $X$ conveys the most information on average when $X$ is equally likely to take any of its values, and the least possible information if $X$ is a constant. Solution: Let $X \sim \text{DUnif}(a_1, \dots, a_n)$, so that $$H(X) = \sum_{j = 1}^n \dfrac{1}{n} \log_2 (n) = \log_2 (n).$$ Let $Y$ be an r.v. that takes on values $1/p_1, \dots, 1/p_n$ with probabilities $p_1, \dots, p_n,$ respectively (with the natural modification if the $1/p_j$ have some repeated values, e.g., if $1/p_1 = 1/p_2$ but none of the others are this value, then it gets $p_1 + p_2 = 2p_1$ as its probability). Then $H(Y) = E(\log_2(Y))$ by LOTUS, and $E(Y) = n$. So by Jensen's inequality, $$H(Y) = E(\log_2(Y)) \le \log_2(E(Y)) = \log_2(n) = H(X).$$ Since the entropy of an r.v. depends only on the probabilities $p_j$ and not on the specific values that the r.v. takes on, the entropy of $Y$ is unchanged if we alter the support from $1/p_1, \dots, 1/p_n$ to $a_1, \dots, a_n$. Therefore $X$, which is uniform on $a_1, \dots, a_n$, has entropy at least as large as that of any other r.v. with support $a_1, \dots, a_n$. There are a couple of points that I am having difficulty understanding: I don't understanding why $H(Y) = E(\log_2(Y))$ by LOTUS. LOTUS says that ${E}[g(X)]=\sum _{x}g(x)f_{X}(x)$, where $f_X(x)$ is the probability mass function. However, it's not clear to me here what $g(x)$ and $f_X(x)$ are, and why they were chosen to be that. Would someone please explain this? In the last part, it says that $X$ has entropy at least as large as that of any other r.v. with support $a_1, \dots, a_n$. But we just used Jensen's inequality to show that the maximum possible entropy for $X$ is when its distribution is uniform over $a_1, a_2, \dots, a_n$, i.e., $p_j = 1/n$ for all $j$. Since this is the maximum entropy, It seems to me that this would mean that $X$ has entropy at most as large as any other r.v. with support $a_1, \dots, a_n$, no? Thank you. A: Let $P$ be the distribution of $Y,$ i.e. $P(Y=\frac{1}{p_i}) = p_i.$ Using the definition of entropy, the definition of $Y$ and the definition of expectation respectively, we have \begin{align} H(Y) &= \sum_{i=1}^n p_i \log \frac{1}{p_i} \\ &= \sum_{i=1}^n P(Y = \frac{1}{p_i}) \log \frac{1}{p_i} \\ &= E(\log(Y)). \end{align} So $g = \log,$ and $f_X$ is $P.$ Not sure I understand the question. We show that any distribution has entropy at most that of a uniform distribution. As $X$ is uniformly distributed, it achieves this maximum entropy and any other random variable has equal or lower entropy.
A python library to access freedesktop.org standards. Currently supported are: o Base Directory Specification o Menu Specification o Desktop Entry Specification o Icon Theme Specification o Recent File Spec o Shared-MIME-Database Specification WWW: http://freedesktop.org/Software/pyxdg
Q: R: Return rows with only 1 non-NA value for a set of columns Suppose I have a data.table with the following data: colA colB colC result 1 2 3 231 1 NA 2 123 NA 3 NA 345 11 NA NA 754 How would I use dplyr and magrittr to only select the following rows: colA colB colC result NA 3 NA 345 11 NA NA 754 The selection criteria is: only 1 non-NA value for columns A-C (i.e. colA, colB, ColC) I have been unable to find a similar question; guessing this is an odd situation. A: A base R option would be df[apply(df, 1, function(x) sum(!is.na(x)) == 1), ] # colA colB colC #3 NA 3 NA #4 11 NA NA A dplyr option is df %>% filter(rowSums(!is.na(.)) == 1) Update In response to your comment, you can do df[apply(df[, -ncol(df)], 1, function(x) sum(!is.na(x)) == 1), ] # colA colB colC result #3 NA 3 NA 345 #4 11 NA NA 754 Or the same in dplyr df %>% filter(rowSums(!is.na(.[-length(.)])) == 1) This assumes that the last column is the one you'd like to ignore. Sample data df <-read.table(text = "colA colB colC 1 2 3 1 NA 2 NA 3 NA 11 NA NA", header = T) Sample data for update df <- read.table(text = "colA colB colC result 1 2 3 231 1 NA 2 123 NA 3 NA 345 11 NA NA 754 ", header = T)
Q: Adding a prefix to certain column names I have a problem very similar to this one: Adding a prefix to column names. I want to add a prefix to the column name - the only difference is, that I dont want to add the prefix to every column I have. Here the same minimum, reproducible example as in the question mentioned above: m2 <- cbind(1,1:4) colnames(m2) <- c("x","Y") Resulting in: x Y [1,] 1 1 [2,] 1 2 [3,] 1 3 [4,] 1 4 The code for adding a prefix "Sub" to both columns would look like this (as suggested by the user A5C1D2H2I1M1N2O1R2T1): colnames(m2) <- paste("Sub", colnames(m2), sep = "_") Resulting in: Sub_x Sub_Y [1,] 1 1 [2,] 1 2 [3,] 1 3 [4,] 1 4 How can I add a prefix "Sub" only to the first column? I tried the following: colnames(m2[,1]) <- paste("Sub", colnames(m2[,1]), sep = "_") Result of the code: No Warning, no error but no prefix as well. Any suggestions? Besides base r any suggestions using dplyr are appreciated as well. Please let me know if you need any further information. Thanks in advance. A: Try this: colnames(m2)[1] <- paste0("Sub", "_", colnames(m2)[1]) # or if you prefer paste #colnames(m2)[1] <- paste("Sub", colnames(m2)[1], sep = "_")
Q: How to import a specific version of a class declared in a package in several locations? I am trying to import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64; However, this class is already being declared in "AWS SDK for Java". But I have also added the jar file commons-codec-1.8.jar and I want it to load it from there instead. If I use the eclipse interface, showing the possible import options I only get org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64 so I don't really know how to force it to load it from the one in my referenced libraries. A: Eclipse build a big classpath that contains both jars but the Java runtime will load the first class it finds. The AWS SDK uses apache commons codec as a dependency. If you look at the pom.xml you can see they reference 1.3. You can either change the pom, or if you don't use maven at all (downloaded the jars from AWS) remove the 1.3 jar from the 3rd party libraries and use only the new one. Other option is to use 1.3 yourself and drop 1.8 from the classpath. With standard classloaders it is not possible to load different versions of the same class name.
Recurrence of pulmonary hypertension after ventricular septal defect closure and perioperative response to nitric oxide. The ability of inhaled nitric oxide to reduce pulmonary vascular resistance is currently used to select borderline patients for reparative surgery and to treat postoperative crises of pulmonary hypertension. A case of an infant with non-restrictive VSD who classified as a nitric oxide responder both in the catheterization laboratory and after surgery, but developed recurrent pulmonary hypertension is described. The limitations of inhaled nitric oxide in predicting the natural history of successfully operated patients are discussed.
/* Copyright (C) 2011-2015 de4dot@gmail.com This file is part of de4dot. de4dot is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. de4dot is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with de4dot. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */ using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.IO; using de4dot.blocks; using dnlib.DotNet; using dnlib.DotNet.Emit; namespace de4dot.code.deobfuscators.Agile_NET.vm.v1 { partial class OpCodeHandler { public string Name { get; set; } public OpCodeHandlerSigInfo OpCodeHandlerSigInfo { get; set; } public Predicate<UnknownHandlerInfo> Check { get; set; } public Func<BinaryReader, IInstructionOperandResolver, GenericParamContext, Instruction> Read { get; set; } public bool Detect(UnknownHandlerInfo info) { var sigInfo = OpCodeHandlerSigInfo; if (!Compare(sigInfo.NumStaticMethods, info.NumStaticMethods)) return false; if (!Compare(sigInfo.NumInstanceMethods, info.NumInstanceMethods)) return false; if (!Compare(sigInfo.NumVirtualMethods, info.NumVirtualMethods)) return false; if (!Compare(sigInfo.NumCtors, info.NumCtors)) return false; if (!Compare(sigInfo.ExecuteMethodThrows, info.ExecuteMethodThrows)) return false; if (!Compare(sigInfo.ExecuteMethodPops, info.ExecuteMethodPops)) return false; if (!info.HasSameFieldTypes(sigInfo.RequiredFieldTypes)) return false; if (sigInfo.ExecuteMethodLocals != null && !new LocalTypes(info.ExecuteMethod).All(sigInfo.ExecuteMethodLocals)) return false; if (Check != null) return Check(info); return true; } static bool Compare(int? val1, int val2) { if (!val1.HasValue) return true; return val1.Value == val2; } public override string ToString() => Name; } static partial class OpCodeHandlers { static Instruction arithmetic_read(BinaryReader reader, IInstructionOperandResolver resolver, GenericParamContext gpContext) { switch (reader.ReadByte()) { case 0: return OpCodes.Add.ToInstruction(); case 1: return OpCodes.Add_Ovf.ToInstruction(); case 2: return OpCodes.Add_Ovf_Un.ToInstruction(); case 3: return OpCodes.Sub.ToInstruction(); case 4: return OpCodes.Sub_Ovf.ToInstruction(); case 5: return OpCodes.Sub_Ovf_Un.ToInstruction(); case 6: return OpCodes.Mul.ToInstruction(); case 7: return OpCodes.Mul_Ovf.ToInstruction(); case 8: return OpCodes.Mul_Ovf_Un.ToInstruction(); case 9: return OpCodes.Div.ToInstruction(); case 10: return OpCodes.Div_Un.ToInstruction(); case 11: return OpCodes.Rem.ToInstruction(); case 12: return OpCodes.Rem_Un.ToInstruction(); default: throw new ApplicationException("Invalid opcode"); } } static bool newarr_check(UnknownHandlerInfo info) => DotNetUtils.CallsMethod(info.ExecuteMethod, "System.Type System.Reflection.Module::ResolveType(System.Int32)"); static Instruction newarr_read(BinaryReader reader, IInstructionOperandResolver resolver, GenericParamContext gpContext) => new Instruction(OpCodes.Newarr, resolver.ResolveToken(reader.ReadUInt32(), gpContext)); static Instruction box_read(BinaryReader reader, IInstructionOperandResolver resolver, GenericParamContext gpContext) { var instr = new Instruction(); switch (reader.ReadByte()) { case 0: instr.OpCode = OpCodes.Box; break; case 1: instr.OpCode = OpCodes.Unbox_Any; break; default: throw new ApplicationException("Invalid opcode"); } instr.Operand = resolver.ResolveToken(reader.ReadUInt32(), gpContext); return instr; } static Instruction call_read(BinaryReader reader, IInstructionOperandResolver resolver, GenericParamContext gpContext) { var instr = new Instruction(); switch (reader.ReadByte()) { case 0: instr.OpCode = OpCodes.Newobj; break; case 1: instr.OpCode = OpCodes.Call; break; case 2: instr.OpCode = OpCodes.Callvirt; break; default: throw new ApplicationException("Invalid opcode"); } instr.Operand = resolver.ResolveToken(reader.ReadUInt32(), gpContext); return instr; } static Instruction cast_read(BinaryReader reader, IInstructionOperandResolver resolver, GenericParamContext gpContext) { var instr = new Instruction(); switch (reader.ReadByte()) { case 0: instr.OpCode = OpCodes.Castclass; break; case 1: instr.OpCode = OpCodes.Isinst; break; default: throw new ApplicationException("Invalid opcode"); } instr.Operand = resolver.ResolveToken(reader.ReadUInt32(), gpContext); return instr; } static Instruction compare_read(BinaryReader reader, IInstructionOperandResolver resolver, GenericParamContext gpContext) { int type = reader.ReadByte(); var instr = new Instruction(); switch (type) { case 0: instr.OpCode = OpCodes.Br; break; case 1: instr.OpCode = OpCodes.Brtrue; break; case 2: instr.OpCode = OpCodes.Brfalse; break; case 3: instr.OpCode = OpCodes.Beq; break; case 4: instr.OpCode = OpCodes.Bge; break; case 5: instr.OpCode = OpCodes.Bgt; break; case 6: instr.OpCode = OpCodes.Ble; break; case 7: instr.OpCode = OpCodes.Blt; break; case 8: instr.OpCode = OpCodes.Bne_Un; break; case 9: instr.OpCode = OpCodes.Bge_Un; break; case 10: instr.OpCode = OpCodes.Bgt_Un; break; case 11: instr.OpCode = OpCodes.Ble_Un; break; case 12: instr.OpCode = OpCodes.Blt_Un; break; case 13: instr.OpCode = OpCodes.Ceq; break; case 14: instr.OpCode = OpCodes.Cgt; break; case 15: instr.OpCode = OpCodes.Clt; break; case 16: instr.OpCode = OpCodes.Cgt_Un; break; case 17: instr.OpCode = OpCodes.Clt_Un; break; default: throw new ApplicationException("Invalid opcode"); } if (type < 13) instr.Operand = new TargetDisplOperand(reader.ReadInt32()); return instr; } class InstructionInfo1 { public byte Type { get; set; } public bool Second { get; set; } public bool Third { get; set; } public OpCode OpCode { get; set; } } static List<InstructionInfo1> instructionInfos1 = new List<InstructionInfo1> { new InstructionInfo1 { Type = 0, Second = false, Third = false, OpCode = OpCodes.Conv_I1 }, new InstructionInfo1 { Type = 1, Second = false, Third = false, OpCode = OpCodes.Conv_I2 }, new InstructionInfo1 { Type = 2, Second = false, Third = false, OpCode = OpCodes.Conv_I4 }, new InstructionInfo1 { Type = 3, Second = false, Third = false, OpCode = OpCodes.Conv_I8 }, new InstructionInfo1 { Type = 4, Second = false, Third = false, OpCode = OpCodes.Conv_R4 }, new InstructionInfo1 { Type = 5, Second = false, Third = false, OpCode = OpCodes.Conv_R8 }, new InstructionInfo1 { Type = 6, Second = false, Third = false, OpCode = OpCodes.Conv_U1 }, new InstructionInfo1 { Type = 7, Second = false, Third = false, OpCode = OpCodes.Conv_U2 }, new InstructionInfo1 { Type = 8, Second = false, Third = false, OpCode = OpCodes.Conv_U4 }, new InstructionInfo1 { Type = 9, Second = false, Third = false, OpCode = OpCodes.Conv_U8 }, new InstructionInfo1 { Type = 10, Second = false, Third = false, OpCode = OpCodes.Conv_I }, new InstructionInfo1 { Type = 11, Second = false, Third = false, OpCode = OpCodes.Conv_U }, new InstructionInfo1 { Type = 0, Second = true, Third = false, OpCode = OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I1 }, new InstructionInfo1 { Type = 1, Second = true, Third = false, OpCode = OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I2 }, new InstructionInfo1 { Type = 2, Second = true, Third = false, OpCode = OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I4 }, new InstructionInfo1 { Type = 3, Second = true, Third = false, OpCode = OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I8 }, new InstructionInfo1 { Type = 6, Second = true, Third = false, OpCode = OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U1 }, new InstructionInfo1 { Type = 7, Second = true, Third = false, OpCode = OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U2 }, new InstructionInfo1 { Type = 8, Second = true, Third = false, OpCode = OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U4 }, new InstructionInfo1 { Type = 9, Second = true, Third = false, OpCode = OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U8 }, new InstructionInfo1 { Type = 10, Second = true, Third = false, OpCode = OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I }, new InstructionInfo1 { Type = 11, Second = true, Third = false, OpCode = OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U }, new InstructionInfo1 { Type = 0, Second = true, Third = true, OpCode = OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I1_Un }, new InstructionInfo1 { Type = 1, Second = true, Third = true, OpCode = OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I2_Un }, new InstructionInfo1 { Type = 2, Second = true, Third = true, OpCode = OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I4_Un }, new InstructionInfo1 { Type = 3, Second = true, Third = true, OpCode = OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I8_Un }, new InstructionInfo1 { Type = 6, Second = true, Third = true, OpCode = OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U1_Un }, new InstructionInfo1 { Type = 7, Second = true, Third = true, OpCode = OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U2_Un }, new InstructionInfo1 { Type = 8, Second = true, Third = true, OpCode = OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U4_Un }, new InstructionInfo1 { Type = 9, Second = true, Third = true, OpCode = OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U8_Un }, new InstructionInfo1 { Type = 10, Second = true, Third = true, OpCode = OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_I_Un }, new InstructionInfo1 { Type = 11, Second = true, Third = true, OpCode = OpCodes.Conv_Ovf_U_Un }, new InstructionInfo1 { Type = 12, Second = true, Third = true, OpCode = OpCodes.Conv_R_Un }, }; static Instruction convert_read(BinaryReader reader, IInstructionOperandResolver resolver, GenericParamContext gpContext) { byte type = reader.ReadByte(); bool second = reader.ReadBoolean(); bool third = reader.ReadBoolean(); Instruction instr = null; foreach (var info in instructionInfos1) { if (type != info.Type \|\| info.Second != second \|\| info.Third != third) continue; instr = new Instruction(info.OpCode); break; } if (instr == null) throw new ApplicationException("Invalid opcode"); return instr; } static Instruction dup_read(BinaryReader reader, IInstructionOperandResolver resolver, GenericParamContext gpContext) { switch (reader.ReadByte()) { case 0: return OpCodes.Dup.ToInstruction(); case 1: return OpCodes.Pop.ToInstruction(); default: throw new ApplicationException("Invalid opcode"); } } class InstructionInfo2 { public bool First { get; set; } public bool Second { get; set; } public int Value { get; set; } public OpCode OpCode { get; set; } } static List<InstructionInfo2> instructionInfos2 = new List<InstructionInfo2> { new InstructionInfo2 { First = false, Second = true, Value = 24, OpCode = OpCodes.Stelem_I }, new InstructionInfo2 { First = false, Second = true, Value = 4, OpCode = OpCodes.Stelem_I1 }, new InstructionInfo2 { First = false, Second = true, Value = 6, OpCode = OpCodes.Stelem_I2 }, new InstructionInfo2 { First = false, Second = true, Value = 8, OpCode = OpCodes.Stelem_I4 }, new InstructionInfo2 { First = false, Second = true, Value = 10, OpCode = OpCodes.Stelem_I8 }, new InstructionInfo2 { First = false, Second = true, Value = 12, OpCode = OpCodes.Stelem_R4 }, new InstructionInfo2 { First = false, Second = true, Value = 13, OpCode = OpCodes.Stelem_R8 }, new InstructionInfo2 { First = false, Second = true, Value = 28, OpCode = OpCodes.Stelem_Ref }, new InstructionInfo2 { First = false, Second = false, Value = 0, OpCode = OpCodes.Stelem }, new InstructionInfo2 { First = true, Second = true, Value = 24, OpCode = OpCodes.Ldelem_I }, new InstructionInfo2 { First = true, Second = true, Value = 4, OpCode = OpCodes.Ldelem_I1 }, new InstructionInfo2 { First = true, Second = true, Value = 6, OpCode = OpCodes.Ldelem_I2 }, new InstructionInfo2 { First = true, Second = true, Value = 8, OpCode = OpCodes.Ldelem_I4 }, new InstructionInfo2 { First = true, Second = true, Value = 10, OpCode = OpCodes.Ldelem_I8 }, new InstructionInfo2 { First = true, Second = true, Value = 5, OpCode = OpCodes.Ldelem_U1 }, new InstructionInfo2 { First = true, Second = true, Value = 7, OpCode = OpCodes.Ldelem_U2 }, new InstructionInfo2 { First = true, Second = true, Value = 9, OpCode = OpCodes.Ldelem_U4 }, new InstructionInfo2 { First = true, Second = true, Value = 12, OpCode = OpCodes.Ldelem_R4 }, new InstructionInfo2 { First = true, Second = true, Value = 13, OpCode = OpCodes.Ldelem_R8 }, new InstructionInfo2 { First = true, Second = true, Value = 28, OpCode = OpCodes.Ldelem_Ref }, new InstructionInfo2 { First = true, Second = false, Value = 0, OpCode = OpCodes.Ldelem }, }; static Instruction ldelem_read(BinaryReader reader, IInstructionOperandResolver resolver, GenericParamContext gpContext) { Instruction instr = null; bool first = reader.ReadBoolean(); bool second = reader.ReadBoolean(); int value = reader.ReadInt32(); foreach (var info in instructionInfos2) { if (info.First != first \|\| info.Second != second) continue; if (second && value != info.Value) continue; if (second) instr = new Instruction(info.OpCode); else instr = new Instruction(info.OpCode, resolver.ResolveToken((uint)value, gpContext)); break; } if (instr == null) throw new ApplicationException("Invalid opcode"); return instr; } static bool endfinally_check(UnknownHandlerInfo info) => DotNetUtils.CallsMethod(info.ExecuteMethod, "System.Reflection.MethodInfo System.Type::GetMethod(System.String,System.Reflection.BindingFlags)"); static Instruction endfinally_read(BinaryReader reader, IInstructionOperandResolver resolver, GenericParamContext gpContext) => OpCodes.Endfinally.ToInstruction(); static Instruction ldfld_read(BinaryReader reader, IInstructionOperandResolver resolver, GenericParamContext gpContext) { byte b = reader.ReadByte(); var field = resolver.ResolveToken(reader.ReadUInt32(), gpContext) as IField; switch (b) { case 0: return new Instruction(null, new FieldInstructionOperand(OpCodes.Ldsfld, OpCodes.Ldfld, field)); case 1: return new Instruction(null, new FieldInstructionOperand(OpCodes.Ldsflda, OpCodes.Ldflda, field)); case 2: return new Instruction(null, new FieldInstructionOperand(OpCodes.Stsfld, OpCodes.Stfld, field)); default: throw new ApplicationException("Invalid opcode"); } } static Instruction initobj_read(BinaryReader reader, IInstructionOperandResolver resolver, GenericParamContext gpContext) => new Instruction(OpCodes.Initobj, resolver.ResolveToken(reader.ReadUInt32(), gpContext)); static Instruction ldloc_read(BinaryReader reader, IInstructionOperandResolver resolver, GenericParamContext gpContext) { bool isLdarg = reader.ReadBoolean(); ushort index = reader.ReadUInt16(); var instr = new Instruction(); if (isLdarg) { instr.OpCode = OpCodes.Ldarg; instr.Operand = new ArgOperand(index); } else { instr.OpCode = OpCodes.Ldloc; instr.Operand = new LocalOperand(index); } return instr; } static Instruction ldloca_read(BinaryReader reader, IInstructionOperandResolver resolver, GenericParamContext gpContext) { var instr = new Instruction(); if (reader.ReadBoolean()) { instr.OpCode = OpCodes.Ldarga; instr.Operand = new ArgOperand(reader.ReadUInt16()); } else { instr.OpCode = OpCodes.Ldloca; instr.Operand = new LocalOperand(reader.ReadUInt16()); } return instr; } static Instruction ldelema_read(BinaryReader reader, IInstructionOperandResolver resolver, GenericParamContext gpContext) => new Instruction(OpCodes.Ldelema, null); static Instruction ldlen_read(BinaryReader reader, IInstructionOperandResolver resolver, GenericParamContext gpContext) => OpCodes.Ldlen.ToInstruction(); static Instruction ldobj_read(BinaryReader reader, IInstructionOperandResolver resolver, GenericParamContext gpContext) => new Instruction(OpCodes.Ldobj, null); static Instruction ldstr_read(BinaryReader reader, IInstructionOperandResolver resolver, GenericParamContext gpContext) => OpCodes.Ldstr.ToInstruction(reader.ReadString()); static bool ldtoken_check(UnknownHandlerInfo info) => DotNetUtils.CallsMethod(info.ExecuteMethod, "System.Reflection.MemberInfo System.Reflection.Module::ResolveMember(System.Int32)"); static Instruction ldtoken_read(BinaryReader reader, IInstructionOperandResolver resolver, GenericParamContext gpContext) => new Instruction(OpCodes.Ldtoken, resolver.ResolveToken(reader.ReadUInt32(), gpContext)); static bool leave_check(UnknownHandlerInfo info) => !DotNetUtils.CallsMethod(info.ExecuteMethod, "System.Reflection.MethodBase System.Reflection.Module::ResolveMethod(System.Int32)") && !DotNetUtils.CallsMethod(info.ExecuteMethod, "System.Type System.Reflection.Module::ResolveType(System.Int32)") && !DotNetUtils.CallsMethod(info.ExecuteMethod, "System.Reflection.MemberInfo System.Reflection.Module::ResolveMember(System.Int32)"); static Instruction leave_read(BinaryReader reader, IInstructionOperandResolver resolver, GenericParamContext gpContext) { int displacement = reader.ReadInt32(); return new Instruction(OpCodes.Leave, new TargetDisplOperand(displacement)); } static Instruction ldc_read(BinaryReader reader, IInstructionOperandResolver resolver, GenericParamContext gpContext) { switch ((ElementType)reader.ReadByte()) { case ElementType.I4: return Instruction.CreateLdcI4(reader.ReadInt32()); case ElementType.I8: return OpCodes.Ldc_I8.ToInstruction(reader.ReadInt64()); case ElementType.R4: return OpCodes.Ldc_R4.ToInstruction(reader.ReadSingle()); case ElementType.R8: return OpCodes.Ldc_R8.ToInstruction(reader.ReadDouble()); case ElementType.Object: return OpCodes.Ldnull.ToInstruction(); default: throw new ApplicationException("Invalid opcode"); } } static Instruction ldftn_read(BinaryReader reader, IInstructionOperandResolver resolver, GenericParamContext gpContext) { byte code = reader.ReadByte(); uint token = reader.ReadUInt32(); switch (code) { case 0: return new Instruction(OpCodes.Ldftn, resolver.ResolveToken(token, gpContext)); case 1: reader.ReadInt32(); // token of newobj .ctor return new Instruction(OpCodes.Ldvirtftn, resolver.ResolveToken(token, gpContext)); default: throw new ApplicationException("Invalid opcode"); } } static Instruction logical_read(BinaryReader reader, IInstructionOperandResolver resolver, GenericParamContext gpContext) { switch (reader.ReadByte()) { case 0: return OpCodes.And.ToInstruction(); case 1: return OpCodes.Or.ToInstruction(); case 2: return OpCodes.Xor.ToInstruction(); case 3: return OpCodes.Shl.ToInstruction(); case 4: return OpCodes.Shr.ToInstruction(); case 5: return OpCodes.Shr_Un.ToInstruction(); default: throw new ApplicationException("Invalid opcode"); } } static bool nop_check(UnknownHandlerInfo info) => IsEmptyMethod(info.ReadMethod) && IsEmptyMethod(info.ExecuteMethod); static bool IsEmptyMethod(MethodDef method) { foreach (var instr in method.Body.Instructions) { if (instr.OpCode.Code == Code.Ret) return true; if (instr.OpCode.Code != Code.Nop) break; } return false; } static Instruction nop_read(BinaryReader reader, IInstructionOperandResolver resolver, GenericParamContext gpContext) => OpCodes.Nop.ToInstruction(); static bool ret_check(UnknownHandlerInfo info) => DotNetUtils.CallsMethod(info.ExecuteMethod, "System.Reflection.MethodBase System.Reflection.Module::ResolveMethod(System.Int32)"); static Instruction ret_read(BinaryReader reader, IInstructionOperandResolver resolver, GenericParamContext gpContext) { reader.ReadInt32(); // token of current method return OpCodes.Ret.ToInstruction(); } static bool rethrow_check(UnknownHandlerInfo info) => info.ExecuteMethod.Body.Variables.Count == 0; static Instruction rethrow_read(BinaryReader reader, IInstructionOperandResolver resolver, GenericParamContext gpContext) => OpCodes.Rethrow.ToInstruction(); static Instruction stloc_read(BinaryReader reader, IInstructionOperandResolver resolver, GenericParamContext gpContext) { bool isStarg = reader.ReadBoolean(); ushort index = reader.ReadUInt16(); var instr = new Instruction(); if (isStarg) { instr.OpCode = OpCodes.Starg; instr.Operand = new ArgOperand(index); } else { instr.OpCode = OpCodes.Stloc; instr.Operand = new LocalOperand(index); reader.ReadInt32(); // ElementType of local } return instr; } static Instruction stobj_read(BinaryReader reader, IInstructionOperandResolver resolver, GenericParamContext gpContext) => new Instruction(OpCodes.Stobj, null); static Instruction switch_read(BinaryReader reader, IInstructionOperandResolver resolver, GenericParamContext gpContext) { int numTargets = reader.ReadInt32(); int[] targetDispls = new int[numTargets]; for (int i = 0; i < targetDispls.Length; i++) targetDispls[i] = reader.ReadInt32(); return new Instruction(OpCodes.Switch, new SwitchTargetDisplOperand(targetDispls)); } static bool throw_check(UnknownHandlerInfo info) => !DotNetUtils.CallsMethod(info.ExecuteMethod, "System.Reflection.MethodInfo System.Type::GetMethod(System.String,System.Reflection.BindingFlags)"); static Instruction throw_read(BinaryReader reader, IInstructionOperandResolver resolver, GenericParamContext gpContext) => OpCodes.Throw.ToInstruction(); static Instruction neg_read(BinaryReader reader, IInstructionOperandResolver resolver, GenericParamContext gpContext) { switch (reader.ReadByte()) { case 0: return OpCodes.Neg.ToInstruction(); case 1: return OpCodes.Not.ToInstruction(); default: throw new ApplicationException("Invalid opcode"); } } } }
Millennium Point Charitable Trust launches small grants programme The Millennium Point Charitable Trust has launched its new Small Grants programme, offering funding from £2,000 to £20,000 to not-for-profit organisations’ STEM (science, technology, engineering and maths) projects across the West Midlands region. Applications are now open and can be made here, with grants split across three levels of funding: under £2,000 (all entities); under £2,000 (school specific); £2,000-£20,000 (all entities). Eligible applicants include registered charities; voluntary or community organisations; social enterprises, schools/educational establishments and statutory bodies. Abbie Vlahakis, interim CEO of Millennium Point said: “We are immensely proud of the quality and breadth of STEM-related projects that the Millennium Point Charitable Trust is able to support. “Over the last 18 years, the Trust has made a significant difference, and it is encouraging to see young people taking a real interest in STEM as a future career. It is what Birmingham, the West Midlands and Britain need.” All of the commercial activity that takes place in the 46,450 sqm landmark Millennium Point building feeds back into the charitable trust, enabling it to donate and invest in STEM-related organisations, projects and initiatives. Millennium Point Charitable Trust announced contributions of more than £4.8m to science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM) projects across the West Midlands during 2018. This has included a robotics lab and 3D printing facilities at Bishop Vesey Grammar School in Sutton Coldfield, allowing students from surrounding schools to gain experience, knowledge and skills in advanced technology; more than £281,000 to fund four projects by Birmingham Museums Trust including Year of the Engineer 2018 and a Science and Heritage Career Ladder Legacy; working with Birmingham City University’s Faculty of Computing, Engineering and The Built Environment to offer a free undergraduate STEM degree through the Millennium Point scholarship, now in its fifth year. Applications for the 2019 scholarship are now open and will close at 11:59pm on 31st May. For more information please visit the Millennium Point website or call 0121 202 2200. Opened in 2001, Millennium Point is the largest landmark millennium project, in England, outside of London. Inside, it is home to unique event spaces including a 350-capacity auditorium, flexible workspaces, meeting rooms and offices, and largest tenants ThinkTank and Birmingham City University.
Q: window.plugins undefined when trying to use the phonegap plugins on android I can't load the plugins in android. I have added the plugin to the plugins.xml list, have added the java code in my project. But still when I call window.plugins I get undefined object. Why is this happening? BTW I'm trying to use the share plugin - https://github.com/phonegap/phonegap-plugins/tree/master/Android/Share Just to be clear, I have added the phonegap.js file and the share.js file containing the JS plugin code. Also I have used the EmailComposer plugin for iphone with same code and it works on iphone, i.e. on iphone the window.plugins object it isn't undefined. A: I fixed the exact same issue after noticing... i forgot to reference phonegap-1.1.0.js in my html. I also had to uncomment PhoneGap.addPlugin('share', new Share()); in share.js.
Russia close to adding fuel to Iran nuclear plant by Jeffrey Fleishman - Aug. 14, 2010 12:00 AMLos Angeles Times Russia announced Friday that it will soon begin loading fuel into Iran's first nuclear-power plant, the initial step toward bringing the long-delayed project on line at a time when the U.S. is attempting to weaken Tehran's atomic program with new international sanctions. Russia's state atomic agency, which is overseeing the plant near Bushehr, said low-enriched uranium will be added Aug. 21 but that the power station may not be fully active for months. Work on the facility began in the 1970s, when Iran staked much of its national pride on the development of nuclear energy. "The event will symbolize that the period of testing is over and the stage of physical startup has begun," according to a statement released by the Russian atomic agency. The $1 billion contract between Russia and Iran is designed to prevent Tehran from enriching uranium to weapons-grade strength. Russia has provided the 1,000-megawatt plant with low-enriched uranium, which has been sealed and monitored by the International Atomic Energy Agency. Iran is also required to return fuel and plutonium generated at Bushehr to Russia for reprocessing. Ali Akbar Salehi, chief of Iran's Atomic Energy Organization, was quoted by the Islamic Republic News Agency as saying, "God willing, we will prepare ourselves to transfer the fuel of the nuclear plant from outside of the plant to the heart of the plant inside the premises next week." Although the Bushehr project is not connected to Iran's secret enrichment program, which the Western powers suspect is designed to make nuclear weapons, Washington has been frustrated that Russian plans to activate the plant send mixed signals to Iran. The Obama administration pushed for a new round of U.N. economic sanctions in June in another effort to force Tehran to make its atomic program more transparent. The U.S. and European Union followed that move with tougher sets of unilateral sanctions. Iran claims its nuclear ambitions center on generating civilian energy and producing medical isotopes. Salehi said U.N. inspectors will be invited to watch the unsealing of the fuel and that an inauguration ceremony will be held at Bushehr in the coming weeks. After nuclear fuel is transferred to the reactor, the next step includes loading the fuel into the core, followed by triggering a nuclear reaction by moving fuel rods closer to one another. The project was begun by the German firm Siemens in the 1970s under the rule of Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi. The plant on the Persian Gulf coast fell into disarray after the 1979 Iranian revolution and was restarted in the mid-1990s when Russia took over. Bushehr was supposed to begin producing electricity in 2006, but there were construction delays.
Libertarian presidential candidate Gary Johnson makes a point during a news conference before a rally in Parker, Colo., Oct. 3, 2016. (Photo: David Zalubowski/AP) After several foreign affairs gaffes, Libertarian presidential nominee Gary Johnson sidestepped an opportunity to somewhat redeem himself and demonstrate that he’s knowledgeable about the world. In an interview on Wednesday, the New York Times asked Johnson, a former governor of New Mexico, if he knew the name of North Korea’s leader. “I do,” the third-party candidate replied. “You want me to name” the person, he continued, before adding, “Really.” Johnson ultimately declined to provide a name. The current “supreme leader” of North Korea is Kim Jong Un, who succeeded his father, Kim Jong Il, in 2011. Johnson’s inability or refusal to name Kim follows several slip-ups when pressed on knowledge of international relations. In early September, Johnson was widely ridiculed after drawing a blank on “Morning Joe” when asked about Aleppo, the most populous city in Syria and the epicenter of the ongoing refugee crisis. Johnson recently failed to provide the name of a foreign leader whom he admires during an appearance on MSNBC. He subsequently attributed this to the shortcomings of the world’s leaders. It’s been almost 24 hours…and I still can’t come up with a foreign leader I look up to. — Gov. Gary Johnson (@GovGaryJohnson) September 29, 2016 Undeterred, Johnson has insisted that an extensive knowledge of geography or world leaders is not a prerequisite to being a successful commander in chief. In fact, he has suggested that his ignorance could actually be a boon to the Oval Office. In his Times interview, Johnson said Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton bears a burden of responsibility for some of the bloodshed in Syria and that her expertise about the world does not reduce this. “Because Hillary Clinton can dot the i’s and cross the t’s on geographic leaders, of the names of foreign leaders,” he said, “the underlying fact that hundreds of thousands of people have died in Syria goes by the wayside.” Story continues Despite these embarrassing moments, Johnson has attracted a good deal of attention in the current White House race. Several major newspapers, such as the Chicago Tribune and the Richmond Times-Dispatch, have endorsed Johnson as a sound alternative to Clinton and Republican candidate Donald Trump. Related video: _____
So while my tank is cycling I've been researching the fish I want to add later down the line. I'm unsure on how multiple species of tangs will do in the same tank. These are the fish I would like to add in the long run and I wondered if any of you guys new if they would be ok together. From what I read they all need at least a 70gal tank. Would these guys be able to cohabitat peacefully. Also I am planning a reef aquarium so I wondered if any of these are absolute no nos. They say reef combatible with caution and it makes me wonder how much caution... I still have a while before I can add any of them. I also read that you can mix multiple species of tank bred clowns in one tank if you introduce them all at the same time and I wanted to get the take of some people with experience.. Kole Yellow Tangs are one of my favorite fish, I like them alot. I would stay away from the bristletooth tang in a newer tank. Blue Hippo's get large and they are very prone to ich so I also would avoid with a newer tank. The famous yellow tang is a great fish also, however I would pick one of these tangs for now. How big is your tank? If you have a large tank you can add 2 Tangs eventually, however the key is not to have Tangs that are similar in shape. As far as clownfish you can add 2 at the same time of the same size. I am sure you know but you should space addions due to the fact that every time you add a new fish to a tank it needs time to adjust to the extra bioload. Yes I have two clowns in a 47 already, but I was looking into getting different species. I have false clowns now and if it would work out when I transfer my clowns to the 75 gal I would introduce another pair of a diff species. As for the tangs.. let's say I added A kole as the first fish in my tank. Would it be ok to add a blue hippo later down the line or do you need to add tangs at the same time? What size is the new tank going to be. The 75 would be ok for the yellow as stated and maybe the kole also. I had a yellow and kole in my 55 for 7 years but I also know that sometimes that is not possible all of the time. __________________SITE ADMINISTRATOR You can view many of my fish and corals in my photo albums in my profile. I dont think that the Kole Tang would be a very good idea with the Yellow. Alone would be ok but they tend to be aggressive toward all other tangs when not in a big tank (125+) but they are really spectacular fish imo. I had one at one time that for some reason picked on blennys but for the most part they do not like other Tangs. Like I said I have 9+ years with both of them together and they got along as two brothers. While mine did chase my black sailfin blenny around he had no problem with my yellow and sailfin tang. As I stated in other post about tangs you kind of want different shapes and colors and sizes when it comes to tangs. A kole tang looks nothing like a yellow tang. Of course this is IME and IMO. __________________SITE ADMINISTRATOR You can view many of my fish and corals in my photo albums in my profile. One thing I have learned from reading these forums is that a lot of it seems to depend on the fish. Different people have different experiences. I appreciate everyone's info on this. If I had to only go w/ one I would go with the Kole. I did think with a 75 gal I could add more if I got completely different types.
Soviet designed and built "Typhoon" Type nuclear submarine as it wafts along a beach in Severodvinsk in the White Sea. Really amazing to see this monster (worlds largest submarine until 2010), so close to a public beach. Bear in mind that this submarine could launch a full retaliation attack against the United States of America single-handed (even submerged under the polar ice caps). More About the Submarine This is submarine “Typhoon” as it was called in NATO documents or “Shark” as it was called in Russia. It is considered to be the biggest submarine in the world, with over than 170 meters (515 feet) long and 23 meter (70 feet) wide. It can carry 20 ballistic nuclear missiles and there were only six of those built.
Non-volatile memory devices are currently in widespread use in electronic components that require the retention of information when electrical power is terminated. Non-volatile memory devices include read-only-memory (ROM), programmable-read-only memory (PROM), erasable-programmable-read-only memory (EPROM), and electrically-erasable-programmable-read-only-memory (EEPROM) devices. EEPROM devices differ from other non-volatile memory devices in that they can be electrically programmed and erased. Flash EEPROM devices are a type of EEPROM device in which memory cells can be programmed and erased electrically as a block or group. Product development efforts in EEPROM device technology have focused on increasing the programming speed, lowering programming and reading voltages, increasing data retention time, reducing cell erasure times and reducing cell dimensions. One conventional structure used for fabricating an EEPROM device is an oxide-nitride-oxide (ONO) structure. One EEPROM device that utilizes the ONO structure is a Mirrorbit (MB) type device. In a MB type device, an ONO stack is formed on a silicon substrate. A silicon control gate is then formed over the ONO stack. Another EEPROM device that utilizes the ONO structure is a floating gate FLASH memory device, in which the ONO structure is formed over the floating gate, typically a polysilicon floating gate. In MB devices, during programming, electrical charge is transferred from the substrate to the silicon nitride layer in the ONO structure. Voltages are applied to the gate and drain creating vertical and lateral electric fields, which accelerate the electrons along the length of the channel. As the electrons move along the channel, some of them gain sufficient energy to jump over the potential barrier of the bottom silicon oxide layer and become trapped in the silicon nitride layer. Electrons are trapped near the drain region because the electric fields are the strongest near the drain. Reversing the potentials applied to the source and drain will cause electrons to travel along the channel in the opposite direction and be injected into the silicon nitride layer near the source region. Because silicon nitride is not electrically conductive, the charge introduced into the silicon nitride layer tends to remain localized. Accordingly, depending upon the application of voltage potentials, electrical charge can be stored in discrete regions within a single continuous silicon nitride layer. Using existing techniques, individual memory cells may be organized into arrays to produce NAND type devices. In such existing NAND type devices, self boosting of the channel potential is required to inhibit programming on an unselected bit-line during programming of a selected bit-line.
the real issue is consumer mindset With hotmail, gmail, flickr, facebook and so on, consumers are used to getting something for 'free'. With p2p filesharing, this experience is further enhanced that you can get (nearly) anything for 'free'. And with all this 'getting' comes (insidiously for service providers) a sense of ENTITLEMENT. Somehow, the industry (or guvmint, or whoever) is going to have to get it into consumer minds that you get what you pay for. As with antivirus, phishing mails, patching your windows install and so forth, this looks to be a long, slow battle. I wish us all luck.
I know at least 3-5 people waiting for Smash Bros. to release before they jump in to Wii U...sooo.....might as well launch it. Wii U may never be a monstrous success, but they still need to get it to a certain level to justify the software's existence. I think Smash will do a good job of that -- but only if the online multiplayer is as truly flawless as it needs to be.
Q: Как обернуть вызов сервисов из рест-контроллера для отлова исключений? Есть рест - сервис на spring: @RestController public class UserController { @Autowired private UserService service; @RequestMapping(value = "/users", method = RequestMethod.POST) public Users add(@RequestBody Users users, @RequestParam(value = "id", required = false) String id) { return service.add(id, users.getUsers()); } @RequestMapping(value = "/users/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET) public @ResponseBody Users findById(@PathVariable(value = "id") String id) throws Exception { return service.find(id); } } Который обменивается с клиентом с использованием xml и jaxb. При этом сущность Users выглядит следующим образом: @XmlRootElement(name = "Users") @NoArgsConstructor @AllArgsConstructor @XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD) @Getter @Setter public class Users { @XmlElement(name = "users") private List<User> Users; @XmlElement(name="UserError") private UserError error; public void appendUsers(Users Users){ if (Users == null) return; if (Users.getError() != null){ this.error = Users.getError(); } if ( Users.getUsers() != null) { if (this.Users == null){ this.Users = new ArrayList<>(); } this.Users.addAll(Users.getUsers()); } } } То есть, по сути, это два поля, в одном из котором хранится список пользователей, в другом - ошибка если возникла. В процессе выполнения service.add может возникнуть ошибка, например база данных оказалась недоступна, и метод вернет exception. Решением в лоб является обертка всех вызовов сервисов в try catch и, если возникло исключение, запись этой ошибки в Users.error. Есть ли более элегантное решение? A: Конечно есть. Для того чтобы отловить ошибку, допустим, UserNotFoundException в UserController необходимо добавить метод с аннотацией @ExceptionHandler: @ExceptionHadler(UserNotFoundException.class) @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND) @ResponseBody private String handleUserNotFoundException( UserNotFoundException ex) { return "user not found"; } Для того чтобы отловить ошибку, допустим, IllegalArgumentException изо всех RestController-ов необходимо обьявить класс с аннотацией @ControllerAdvice: @ControllerAdvice public class RestExceptionHandler { @ExceptionHandler(IllegalArgumentException.class) @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST) @ResponseBody public String handleIllegalArgumentException(...) {...} }
Silencing of BnTT1 family genes affects seed flavonoid biosynthesis and alters seed fatty acid composition in Brassica napus. TRANSPARENT TESTA1 (TT1) is a zinc finger protein that contains a WIP domain. It plays important roles in controlling differentiation and pigmentation of the seed coat endothelium, and can affect the expression of early biosynthetic genes and late biosynthetic genes of flavonoid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. In Brassica napus (AACC, 2n=38), the functions of BnTT1 genes remain unknown and few studies have focused on their roles in fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis. In this study, BnTT1 family genes were silenced by RNA interference, which resulted in yellow rapeseed, abnormal testa development (a much thinner testa), decreased seed weight, and altered seed FA composition in B. napus. High-throughput sequencing of genes differentially expressed between developing transgenic B. napus and wild-type seeds revealed altered expression of numerous genes involved in flavonoid and FA biosynthesis. As a consequence of this altered expression, we detected a marked decrease of oleic acid (C18:1) and notable increases of linoleic acid (C18:2) and α-linolenic acid (C18:3) in mature transgenic B. napus seeds by gas chromatography and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Meanwhile, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry showed reduced accumulation of flavonoids in transgenic seeds. Therefore, we propose that BnTT1s are involved in the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis, and may also play a role in FA biosynthesis in B. napus.
[Childhood memories…]. Leprosy is still a largely worldwide spread disease but rarely encountered in metropolitan France. Its identification implies a multidisciplinary clinical, pathological and bacteriological diagnosis which is necessary to an efficient antibiotic treatment against a crippling disease which remains curable. Here we report the case of a 24-year-old man who was showing an original both cutaneous and pulmonary presence of acido-alcooloresistant bacillus which have been identified as Mycobacterium leprae by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This unusual presentation of a cutaneous and pulmonary leprosy raises the problem of its differential diagnoses, including those of non-tuberculosis mycobacterial infections.
Q: Compare multiline textbox values to Excel row values then output same values in textbox2 I am just new in excel VBA and I really need help about the code I am using .Any help is appreciated. I have a VBA UserForm with a multiline Textbox. The user pastes a list of values into it. Then, those values will be checked comparing values in column A. Then, the compared output will be display into Textbox2 . It means if some values in Textbox1 are same with the values with Column A it will be display in Textbox2 . All values that are not existing in Column A that have in Textbox1 will not be included. The code I am using is working. But its output are those values that are not existing in Column A instead of the similar values. Here's the code: Private Sub CommandButton1_Click() Dim TxRay As Variant Dim Lpray As Variant Dim oLp As Integer Dim rng As Range Dim R As Integer Dim Ray As Variant Dim Txt As String Dim st As Integer Dim n TxRay = Split(Replace(TextBox1, Chr(13), ""), Chr(10)) With Sheets("Orders") Set rng = .Range(.Range("A1"), .Range("A" & rows.Count).End(xlUp)) End With Ray = Application.Transpose(rng.value) With CreateObject("scripting.dictionary") .CompareMode = vbTextCompare Lpray = Array(Ray, TxRay) For oLp = 0 To UBound(Lpray) st = IIf(oLp = 1, 0, 1) For R = st To UBound(Lpray(oLp)) If Not .Exists(Trim(Lpray(oLp)(R))) Then .Add Trim(Lpray(oLp)(R)), "" If oLp = 1 Then Txt = Txt & Trim(Lpray(oLp)(R)) & Chr(10) End If End If Next R Next oLp End With With TextBox2 .MultiLine = True .value = Txt End With End Sub A: Here is how I would do it: Private Sub CommandButton1_Click() Dim key As Variant, vlist As Variant, v As Variant Dim text As String Dim dict As Object Set dict = getValueDictionary vlist = Split(Replace(TextBox1, Chr(13), ""), Chr(10)) For Each v In vlist key = Trim(v) If dict.Exists(key) Then text = text & key & Chr(10) Next With TextBox2 .MultiLine = True .Value = Left(text, Len(text) - 1) ' Removes the last Chr(10) End With End Sub Function getValueDictionary() As Object Dim key As Variant, v As Variant Dim dict As Object Set dict = CreateObject("Scripting.Dictionary") With Sheets("Orders") For Each v In .Range("A1", .Range("A" & .Rows.Count).End(xlUp)).Value key = Trim(v) If Not dict.Exists(key) Then dict.Add key, vbNullChar Next End With Set getValueDictionary = dict End Function Additional Functionality added: Remove values from Textbox1 as they are added to the Textbox2 values. Private Sub CommandButton1_Click() Dim key As Variant, vlist As Variant, v As Variant Dim text As String Dim dict As Object Set dict = getValueDictionary vlist = Split(Replace(TextBox1, Chr(13), ""), Chr(10)) For Each v In vlist key = Trim(v) If dict.Exists(key) Then text = text & key & Chr(10) TextBox1.text = Replace(TextBox1.text, key & Chr(13) & Chr(10), "") End If Next With TextBox2 .MultiLine = True .Value = Left(text, Len(text) - 1) ' Removes the last Chr(10) End With End Sub
[Case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in tropical snakes]. Microbiologic and morphologic studies were carried out with there tropical snakes (two Boa constrictor and one Pithon molurus) that contracted the disease and died. Pseudomonas aeroginosa was the only organism isolated from the affected portions of the oral cavity and the lung. It was found that all strains of the species isolated were sensitive to gentamycin, tobramycin, and polymixin B. Up to their death two of the animals were treated with tobramycin with no curative effect whatever. The morphologic lesions were confined to the oral cavity, the lung, and the skin only. Histologically, there were necrotic stomatitis and necrotic exudative pneumonia, diffuse fibrinoid degeneration of the connective tissue within all viscera, deposition of fibrinoid in the walls of the myocardial blood vessels, hyaline droplet degeneration of the hepatocytes and the kidney epithelium, and focal infiltrations of pseudoeosinophile leukocytes in the spleen. It is believed that due to the irreversible injuries of the internal parenchymal organs all treatment in the advanced stages of the disease was ineffective even with the use of antibiotics to which the etiologic agent was strongly susceptible.
1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a differential feedback amplifier circuit, and more particularly, to a differential feedback amplifier circuit with cross coupled capacitors. 2. Description of the Related Art Along with the wireless communication technology development, various wireless communication standards for different environments are continuously presented to the market, such as WCDMA (Wideband Code-Division Multiple Access), WLAN (Wireless Local-Area Network), HIPERLAN (High Performance Radio Local-Area Network), UWB (Ultra-wideband), and DVB (Digital Video Broadcast), . . . etc. Among various wireless communication standards, the quality of the wireless receiver used as the RF front-end is a major factor that impacts the communication quality. Therefore, it is a common objective of the communication industry to develop a differential feedback amplifier circuit which provides high circuit gain and bandwidth and advantages of low noise, low power consumption, better linearity, and a small Integrated Circuit layout. FIG. 1 schematically shows a broadband low-noise differential amplifier for UWB (Ultra-wideband) standard based on the thesis of “A broadband low-noise front-end amplifier for ultra wideband in 0.13 μm CMOS” issued by Gharpurey, R. in Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of Volume 40, Issue 9, September 2005 pp. 1983-1986. The circuit shown in FIG. 1 has a bandwidth range of 2 GHz˜5.2 GHz, which is not appropriate for the DVB (Digital Video Broadcast) standard. FIG. 2 schematically shows a broadband low-noise differential amplifier for multistandard based on the thesis of “A new CMOS Wideband RF Front-End For Multistandard Low-IF Wireless Receivers” issued by Md. Mahbub Reja, Ahmed Allam and I. M. Filanovsky in Circuits and Systems, 2005. ISCAS 2005. pp. 2120-2123 Vol. 3. The circuit shown in FIG. 2 has a bandwidth range of 900 MHz˜3.5 GHz, which is not appropriate for the DVB (Digital Video Broadcast) standard, either. Therefore, the major topic of the field is to develop a differential feedback amplifier circuit, which complies with the DVB (Digital Video Broadcast) standard, fulfills the circuit gain and bandwidth requirements, and has the advantages of low noise, low power consumption, better linearity, and a small Integrated Circuit layout.
Rep. Al Green Alexander (Al) N. GreenThe Memo: Trump's race tactics fall flat Trump administration ending support for 7 Texas testing sites as coronavirus cases spike The Hill's Coronavirus Report: Miami mayor worries about suicide and domestic violence rise; Trump-governor debate intensifies MORE (D-Texas) on Friday blasted President Trump's latest request for disaster aid money, calling it a way to "let America down again." Green tweeted that the $44 billion in additional aid requested by the White House on Friday for disaster-stricken areas like Texas, Florida and Puerto Rico fell far short of the $61 billion requested to help the victims of Hurricane Harvey, which barreled across southeastern Texas in August. "Mr. President, Texas requested $61B to support victims of Hurricane Harvey. How can you possibly think your $44B disaster aid request for all 2017 disasters in TX, FL, PR, & the VI is enough?" Green wrote. "This isn't how you make America Great again, this is how you let America down again." Mr. President, Texas requested $61B to support victims of Hurricane Harvey. How can you possibly think your $44B disaster aid request for all 2017 disasters in TX, FL, PR, & the VI is enough? This isn't how you make America Great again, this is how you let America down again. — Congressman Al Green (@RepAlGreen) November 17, 2017 ADVERTISEMENT The $44 billion is not the administration's final disaster aid request, according to a letter sent to Speaker Paul Ryan Paul Davis RyanKenosha will be a good bellwether in 2020 At indoor rally, Pence says election runs through Wisconsin Juan Williams: Breaking down the debates MORE (R-Wis.) by White House budget chief Mick Mulvaney Mick MulvaneyMick Mulvaney to start hedge fund Fauci says positive White House task force reports don't always match what he hears on the ground Bottom line MORE, who noted that "detailed damage assessments" are still being done for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Still, several lawmakers urged the White House to up its disaster aid request, arguing that $44 billion would not be enough to fully address the devastation wrought by a series of deadly hurricanes. "The lights still aren’t back on in Puerto Rico or USVI. To add insult to injury, the Administration failed to request adequate aid for the islands. Congress must fix," Senate Minority Leader Charles Schumer Chuck SchumerVideo of Lindsey Graham arguing against nominating a Supreme Court justice in an election year goes viral Graham signals support for confirming a Supreme Court nominee this year Pelosi orders Capitol flags at half-staff to honor Ginsburg MORE (D-N.Y.) tweeted Friday. Rep. Dennis Ross (R-Fla.) said the White House's request for supplemental disaster funding lacked relief for citrus growers affected by Hurricane Irma in the Sunshine State, and announced that he would not support the request. I'm urging my colleagues to oppose the disaster supplemental. There wasn't a Florida orange grove that wasn't affected by the hurricane. I cannot -- I will not -- support a proposal that leaves behind over 60,000 Florida jobs and our state's second-largest economic driver. pic.twitter.com/uqkW8nv3fJ — Dennis Ross (@RepDennisRoss) November 17, 2017 Sen. Ted Cruz Rafael (Ted) Edward CruzVideo of Lindsey Graham arguing against nominating a Supreme Court justice in an election year goes viral Sunday shows preview: Justice Ginsburg dies, sparking partisan battle over vacancy before election Democrat on Graham video urging people to 'use my words against me': 'Done' MORE (R-Texas) did not outright criticize the White House request, but said he would review it to make sure his state received the funding it needs to recover from Harvey. "I will carefully review [the Office of Management and Budget's] latest supplemental funding request, including its justifications for the proposed spending amounts," he said in a statement. "However, the constitutional responsibility to appropriate funding resides with Congress, and I will continue to work closely with the entire Texas delegation to ensure our great state has the resources it needs to rebuild and come back stronger than ever.”
'Anyone can be homeless'. Being homeless often makes it difficult for people to access the health care they need. Award-winning nurse consultant in substance abuse Louise Poley is bringing services to homeless clients instead of expecting them to fit into a system designed for people with conventional lifestyles.
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The Commentary Counselor \| The A-List Attorney Eric Guster has become one of national media’s go-to lawyers on issues of race, crime, and policing. Written by Joe O’Donnell Eric Welch Guster is part of the national conversation now. You know the one. The screen is split into slices of talking heads, like a high-tech vivisection of commentary and passion played out for the whole nation on cable TV. Guster relishes the role. Issues of race and social justice and over-policing. All are fodder for Guster. “I give my personal experiences as well,” he says. He wants to be heard; He was shy as a kid, but is being heard on the national level now almost every day. And between his law practice, television appearances, and other business ventures, he has always been in a hurry. Guster received his accounting and finance degree from Alabama State University where he pledged Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc., and became a member of the Mighty Marching Hornets and of Kappa Kappa Psi National Honorary Band Fraternity. After college, Guster became a licensed real estate broker and formed a real estate agency in Birmingham concentrating in investment properties. Guster completed his J.D. at The Birmingham School of Law and formed Guster Law Firm, LLC, in 2002. Guster has handled thousands of cases and has become a go-to lawyer when the media needs a legal expert to discuss major cases and legal topics. He has been a legal resource to national and local media outlets, including CNN, FOX NEWS, MSNBC, HLN, The Today Show, The Birmingham News,The New York Times,The Wall Street Journal, al.com, NBC, CBS, ABC, and Black America Web. Guster is also a regular commentator on WBRC FOX 6. Guster is active in the media while maintaining a heavy case load at his law office in Birmingham. And his real estate background led him to still another venture, developing the old Red Cross building on the eastern side of downtown into a mixed-use project. His first building that butted up against the Birmingham News building was sold at the same time to Infinity Insurance. “I got the idea for the new building from being in New York, where it seems every building in Manhattan and Brooklyn is some kind of mixed-use property. When I bought the old Red Cross building, I was originally going to use it for the law office. But I scaled back on the office space and want to develop it into a more well-rounded mixed use building, something great for the city. We have some very exciting tenants coming in,” Guster says. “Never quit” is Guster’s motto. He applies it to everything he does, from handling cases in the courtroom to training in Crossfit. The urge to share his views, his voice, happened early for Guster. “I had a dream. This was something I wanted to do. I built a studio in my house. I bought a step and repeat, an old desk, two chairs, and a camera,” he says. “And I practiced; and then I practiced some more.” He worked in radio early on. “Radio trained me as well. You only have your voice.” “Legal analysis is the ability to convey information and talk things through in a way that leads to understanding. There are plenty of smart people in the world, but relatively few who can convey information in a way that can keep an audience’s attention and keep them entertained,” he explains. “What I do is public speaking on steroids, not to a roomful of people but to 2 million people at a time. It takes a lot of practice.”
David Lynch and Vedic “Science” =============================== October 5, 2005 [Original link](http://www.aaronsw.com/weblog/dlynch) * * * * * I was recently offered a free ticket to see David Lynch give a talk at Emerson College. The talk was titled “Consciousness, Creativity, and the Brain”. I didn’t know why a movie director would have any particular insights on these subjects but I decided that at the least it would be amusing. The talk was held in a huge and beautiful theater in downtown Boston, ornate with two large balconies and, from where I was sitting at least, largely full. We were all handed free DVDs on the way in as well as “more information” forms with beautiful typography. The form were headed “The David Lynch Educational Foundation For Consciousness-Raising Education And World Peace”. (The “And World Peace” seems like it should be a joke.) The dean of the college introduced the event by droning on about how great Emerson College was. I tuned out but the people I went with told me he gave the standard distancing-himself-from-the-event speech, something about how they provided a range of voices to encourage the students (profound voice:) “to quest, and to question”. Then the president of the David Lynch Foundation came up and introduced David Lynch, who apparently didn’t have a talk prepared and just took some questions from the audience. I suspect some of the questions were plants, because they sounded so suspiciously knowledgeable about meditation, but maybe all the local meditators were attracted to the event. In photographs, Lynch looks like an old British dude who would have a deep and thoughtful voice. Instead, his voice is high and squeaky and sort of gimmicky-sounding, which also made it hard to take him seriously. He finished up and the Foundation president came back to introduce Dr. John Haeglin, who he presented as one of the leading physicists of our day. And where does this great mind work? The Maharishi University of Management, although the announcer cleverly pronounced this so it sounded like “Murshy University”, which is more plausible as an actual school. The Maharishi University of Management (MUM), however, is a phony organization set up the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, who claims that he can fly. (The Maharishi, you may recall, also seduced The Beatles. Their later disappointment was the source of the song “Sexy Sadie”, which was originally titled “Maharishi”.) Haeglin is the Maharishi’s main man in the US, running for president on the Maharishi’s political party (the Natural Law Party), which almost received federal funds from Perot’s Reform Party, although it narrowly lost to Pat Buchanan. (I had my Sidekick with me, so I looked all this up on the Web while I was listening.) Haeglin had a tricky job ahead of him. He had to explain to the audience that practicing the Maharishi’s Transcendental Meditation (TM) would send out a magical field that would make everybody nearby happy and peaceful. But he also had to do so in such a way that this audience of college kids, didn’t just break out laughing. The answer: science. Haeglin gave some reasonably-accurate descriptions of recent innovations in Physics, noting that reductionism had caused us to realize that the superficial diversity asked an underlying uniformity of, he claimed, vibrating strings (string theory) that connect all of us together. Now Haeglin thinks that TM will cause happy feelings to be transmitted through the strings into nearby people. But even this seems too absurd, so he changes tacks and tries to explain it in a common sense way. ‘If everybody is fearful and scared,’ he says, ‘you can sort of feel it in the air and you start to be scared. But if everyone is happy, then it’s just the opposite. TM works in the same way — it puts happiness in the air.’ He never directly connected this to his comments about string theory and I didn’t really see it until I reflected on it later. Haeglin has done several “scientific” tests, claiming that a group of meditators can lower the crime rate, although when actual scientists checked some of his numbers, they found he had fabricated the crime rate statistics. And David Lynch explained that the goal of his foundation is to raise \$7 billion so they can provide Transcendental Meditation in every school. (The David Lynch Foundation’s website claims that TM can cure classroom stress, clinical depression, learning disorders, high blood pressure, and academic underachievement — oh, right, and cause world peace. Then he introduced a Dr. Fred Travis, also from MUM, who proceeded to do an EEG of some kid’s brain right on stage. He showed some diagrams of the brain, insisting it had a “CEO” which told the rest of it what to do. Normally, he said, the brain’s pieces all scurry about doing whatever they feel like. But Transcendental Meditation strengthens your CEO so he can get all the pieces of the brain working together, doing whatever the CEO wants them to do. He demonstrated this by showing the boy’s brainwaves normally: all over the place, doing different things. Then he asked the boy to meditate and zoomed in on two brain waves, which started moving in tandem. What this has to do with anything remains a mystery to me. Then Lynch came out and took some more questions. Nobody called him on this nonsense (I was tempted to, but didn’t). But you can — Lynch is going on [a 20 city tour of universities to spread this nonsense](http://davidlynchtour.org/). The entire event was taped so it could be [webcast from his website](http://www.davidlynchfoundation.com/tour/index.html).
Netflix has announced it is cancelling its flagship television series, House of Cards, a day after allegations that its star, Kevin Spacey, sexually harassed a 14-year-old boy. Anthony Rapp, an actor, accused Spacey of historical sexual harassment when he was 14 and the star was 26. The Oscar-winning actor was accused of trying to seduce the child by lying down on top of him at a party at his apartment in New York in 1986. Meanwhile, the International TV Academy has withdrawn a planned award for Spacey in the wake of historical harassment allegations. Spacey had been due to be awarded with the 2017 International Emmy Founders Award in New York in November, but has now had the honour revoked. In a statement on its website, The International Academy of Television Arts and Sciences said: "The International Academy has announced today that in light of recent events it will not honour Kevin Spacey with the 2017 International Emmy Founders Award." Two more allegations have emerged since Rapp spoke out. America TV anchor Heather Unruh, 50, has suggested a loved one had been assaulted by the star. 'The #weinsteinscandal has emboldened me … I was a Kevin Spacey fan until he assaulted a loved one. Time the dominoes fell," she tweeted on October 13.
Friday 4 January 2008 What would we do without China? I read an interesting article in Le Monde about China which claims that change is underway and that economic anti-Chinese hysteria is completely misplaced. Not sure I agree with everything he says, but here is a rough translation, apologies for errors. China is a blessing. No, certainly not for human rights or for the environment - but for the world economy. Yet the exact opposite is the view in the west. In a TNS opinion poll for the German Marshall Fund, an American Foundation, 51% of Americans and 55% of Europeans said they view Chinese growth as a threat. These numbers rise to 57% for Germans, 60% for Italians, and 64% of French. People in the developed world blame the Chinese for the flight of textile and toy factories out of their countries. Reluctant to begrudge the Chinese their paltry salaries, they have made the chinese yuan their bête noire. Thus 63% of Americans and 55% of Europeans believe a revaluation of the yuan would help protect employment in the West against competition from Asia. This just shows that Western leaders, who flocked to Beijing in November and December 2007 to campaign for a stronger yuan, were acting on behalf of employees at home. Chancellor Merkel, President Sarkozy, governer of the ECB, Trichet, the European Commissioner Almunia and the American secratary of state, Paulson, raised the same issue with president Hu Jintao. "We can no longer tolerate such huge trade deficits: 158 billion euros for the US and 112 billion for Europe, and doubtless these figures will be higher in 2007" they lamented. "Our traditional industries have been badly hit by your fierce competition. You must stop exporting such enormous volumes. To that end, you need to raise your salaries, provide minimal social protection, and above all revalue your currencywhich is 20% to 30% below its real exchange value, which gives you an unfair advantage" The leaders in Beijing responded "It is out of the question that we accelerate our reform program and risk the double digit growth which we need to drag our population of 1.3 billion out of poverty. We are already doing the best we can". They are right. To achieve the goal of a "harmoneous society", advocated by president Hu Jintau, Beijing has in recent months been tighening the financial and monetary belt. On the 21st of December their central bank increase its rates for the sixth time in 2007, bringing rates to 7.47% for loans and 4.14% for deposits. The aim is to reduce the growth in bank loans to an annual rate of 12%, down from 22% for 2007. The yuan too has increased against the dollar by 7% over the last year, up from 3.3% growth in 2006. And the government is considering widening the band within which the yuan is pegged to the dollar. Their efforts to stimulate demand are no less significant. In 2008, in three provinces, the government offered an experimental tax rebate of 13% to tens of millions of peanants on the purchase of TVs, mobile phones, fridges, and air con. The cut-off point for entering the tax net was also raised from 1600 yuan (150 euro) to 2000 yuan. This should make 70% of employees exempt from tax, up from 50% today. Better still, a significant piece of legislation on working conditions came into effect on 1st January. The new law makes employment more secure, provides for redundancy compensation, and obliges employers to pay social indemnities on salaries (retirement, unemployment, health). The penalties for infringement suggest that these norms will eventually be adopted. The cost of labour and Chinese exports will be increased in consequence. This should be to everyone's satisfaction. The anti-Chinese hysteria therefore, accentuated by the electoral race in the US, has no foundation. A biannual report on trade by the Tresory contradicts the complaints of the American Congress by its finding that Beijing is not manipulating its currency to benefit trade. The report welcomes the rise of the yuan and approves further progress which is under way or in the pipeline. It even goes so far as to acknowledge that the performance of the Chinese economy has been a wind in the sails of the global economy. But such official recognition is no more than what is right from a country which, last Summer, might well have pushed the world economy into recession due to failures in its banking system which resulted from an inability to manage high risk loans. Who is preventing the world economic growth rate from falling below 4.5%? Not the US, which touches close to recession as this year begins; nor Europe, with its anemic 2% growth; but China which steams ahead at 11%. Who prevents the dollar from collapsing dramatically, if not China, which holds 70% of its gigantic reserves of 1,400 billion dollars in US Tresury bonds? Who provided the cash injection to American banks Bear Stearns and Morgan Stanley to enable them to bridge enormous debts they incurred through bad management? Not the quoted pension funds in Wall street or London, but the sovereign funds of Beijing. Low Chinese prices have helped control inflation in the west, thereby preserving the purchasing power of industrialised nations. The Chinese buy massive quantities of African primary resources thereby proping up the price of metals as well as agricultural produce. Not only do they provide valuble currency to weaker economies, but they also sell them manufactued goods which are cheaper and better adapted then those from the rich countries. Finally, China provides loans and long awaited donations for construction projects for ports, schools, hospitals and electricity lines. Here again, China makes up the shortfall left by Western nations: she announced 5 billion dollars in aid between 2007 and 2009 which will surely be welcome since the G7 countries have renaged on the promise of 25 billion dollars in annual aid to Africa which they promised in 2005. Yes, all things considered, thank you China. 1 comment: Overall I believe that you are correct. With a rider, it depends on where you fit to the current economy. Regardless of in Alabama Albania, for that matter Athlone or Arras, if you are employed in a position open to threat. Then you will suffer. This group includes a much larger proportion of the population than is now thought. And will include many who now feel safe. For instance, what is the difference between socks and a statin.The Rover plant, down to the foundation is now in China,soon we will have good and very in-expensive cars. And the Chinese produce chemists, also everything else a university produces and more of them, why does the west believe that we will be the only innovators of cutting edge product. About Me : Fúmsa I was born in and grew up in Donegal. I studied engineering at UCG. Afterwards worked in Athlone, Galway, then Dublin. Then I lived in France for 3 years before returning to Dublin. Hobbies: hillwalking, short fiction, film. I am interested in political economy and human interest stories. I do a little radio work in the form of a human interest commentator for Northern Sound and a political panellist, and occasionally presenter, on an Irish language current affairs program based in Dublin. Saolaíodh i dTír Chonaill mé i 1973. Chaith mé seal ag Ollscoil na Gaillimhe (innealtóireacht) áit ar fhoghlaim mé mo chuid Gaeilge. Chaith mé trí bliana áille i nDeisceart na Fraince sular fhill mé ar an fhód dúchais i 2005. Cónaí orm anois san ard-chathair. Spéis agam i gcúsraí polaitíochta agus eacnamaíochta. An-suim agam freisin sa litríocht - go háirid an gearrscéal.
Posted on 22 December 2010 Congrats, you've just won our vote for best L.A. rain-related tweet thus far. Every other tweet we read is a slightly different version of the same complaint about traffic/rain (PS we're guilty, too) and it's getting old. But your biblical reference combined with overt[...] For those who think Twitter has peaked and is on the decline, think again. These Tweeters stand proudly by their Twitter handles and 140-characters-or-less statements to the world. In LA Weekly's rundown of the night, many interesting nuggets were revealed in Tweet Chat, which allowed for real talk on how the social networking craze has influenced everything from the panels' personal lives to the box office. Want to get discovered by Hollywood? “I look at pretty much everything that comes in” said Kelly of the links people Tweet @ him. Seriously, he actually passed on a fan's YouTube video to his agent. Hear that struggling artists? Hop on the Twitter train if you're fighting for your big break! And how has Twitter affected the directors' careers and showbiz in general? “Now with Twitter, there's no escape–if you've made a shitty movie, people know within 15 minutes of the first show this thing sucks ass.” explained Roth. As for Shankman, the director has felt the burn of an overly sensitive public and sensationalist media in the wake of on seemingly harmless Tweets. Disney now has their cast and crew sign contracts prohibiting them from Tweeting from the set after the Shankman posted some scandalous photos of Miley Cyrus last year. “Please let it be called The Shankman Clause,” he quipped.- But mind your Tweets, for they can and do provide a basis on which to be judged by the world. Roth referred to Ashton Kutcher's Twitter eulogy to Brittany Murphy, saying “I love Ashton, but when someone's trying to do something really profound on Twitter, I'm like, ‘Go fuck yourself.” Amen, brother. Don't act like you're not guilty of deeming someone an idiot after reading an asinine Tweet, or even hideous spelling and grammatical errors. It's only natural. Posted on 12 April 2010 In early 2009, blog millionaire Jason Calacanis half-jokingly offered Twitter $250,000 to place his company’s Mahalo Answers on the company’s Suggested User List, a staff-selected group of favorite tweeters. Anyone who made it onto the SUL drew hundreds of thousands of followers simply by being on the list. By contrast, most hard-working self promoters had only collected a few thousand followers after years of chasing them. Look, Calacanis said, there’s value to being made to stand out on Twitter, value for which people and companies will eagerly pay. Twitter didn’t take up Calacanis on his offer. But Idealab founder Bill Gross did. In a visit to VentureBeat’s office last week, Gross explained that Jason’s joke was the genesis of TweetUp, a new startup for which Gross himself has climbed into the CEO seat. The company has secured $3.5 million in funding led by Index Ventures, who placed Danny Rimer on TweetUp’s board of directors. Other investors include Betaworks, an early-stage investor which specializes in Twitter-related startups; First Round Capital; former AOL CEO Steve Case; well-known angel investor Ron Conway; former Entertainment Weekly editor turned media blogger Jeff Jarvis; and Calacanis. TweetUp is a service that re-sorts Twitter content, in an attempt to float the best stuff to the top. “World’s Best Tweets” is the company’s business card slogan. But rather than trying to auto-rate tweets based on content or links, TweetUp allows you to pay to bid up specific tweets so they stick to the top of TweetUp’s search results and embeddable targeted content that will appear around the Internet and on smartphone screens. The tweets could be your own, or they could be someone else’s that makes you look good. Gross’ premise is: A good tweet is one someone’s willing to pay to promote. TweetUp will serve customized content into other sites’ pages, splitting the tweet-bid revenue with partners. The tweets can be served as straight content, or displayed as a sort of AdSense for Twitter, showing content-targeted, highest-bidder tweets alongside Web pages. In addition to tweets, TweetUp users can create 140-word bios of themselves that will also be displayed in some contexts. But, paying your way to the top of Twitter? Won’t that enrage people who feel Twitter should be free and equal to everyone? Gross, founder of business incubator Idealab in 1996, is known for coming up with clever payment-scheme twists on popular business models. He created GoTo.com, the first big search engine that let advertisers pay for placement in search results. (GoTo rebranded as Overture and was bought by Yahoo.) He was also behind FreePC, which gave away Compaq computers to people willing to watch ads on them and allow themselves to be tracked. A good Gross idea infuriates some people — search results for sale, PC’s pre-loaded with ads, paying to have your tweets read — yet draws a crowd of others who wonder why they didn’t think of it themselves. TweetUp’s obvious target market is brand managers, professional marketers who may have millions of dollars to spend to generate buzz on the Internet. They can bid up posts about their brands by anyone on Twitter. But Gross seems honestly enthusiastic about the potential for individual Twitter users to bid, say, a penny a post to grab the top spot for a trending topic. “I think that TweetUp’s business will come from the whole spectrum of Tweeters, ranging from the individual to the company to the big brands,” he wrote in a followup email. Moreover, he added, “we are not requiring people to bid to be included. We want to get all the best people coming and listing their keywords at TweetUp, whether they bid or not.” Betaworks’ John Borthwick pointed out that for many Internet users, TweetUp content on a Web page may be their first and only exposure to live tweets. “Because TweetUp will be accessed on mainstream websites across the world,” he wrote in a press release for today’s launch of the company, “Twitter will be introduced to hundreds of millions of new people. Furthermore, these new users will experience thoughtful tweets, in context, targeted to them according to their areas of interest.” TweetUp will roll out in coming weeks. The company has a promotional program right now offering $100 off for the first thousand bidders. For now, you can only bid on impressions, but the plan is to let bidders also pay by the click, or for each new follower TweetUp brings them. Initial deals will place TweetUp search boxes on top of Answers.com and Business Insider. Why is Gross the CEO? Because the guy is serious about tweeting. Check him out at @Bill_Gross. He’s figured out the reporterly way to cover a conference for readers who aren’t there. Gross told me that he approached Calacanis and a few others for the job, but eventually came around to realizing he wanted to run this particular company himself. TweetUp’s timing, right before this week’s Chirp conference for Twitter developers, seemed smart until Friday when Twitter announced official Twitter apps for the iPhone and BlackBerry. Those apps killed the hopes of many third-party developers who’ve built Twitter clients in hopes of selling them or running ads on them. How does Gross know Twitter won’t launch its own version of TweetUp and steal his audience, just as many users felt the Suggested User List undermined months of follower-gathering by rocketing a semi-random selection of users to stardom? “I think that there are still many great opportunities to partner and co-exist with Twitter,” he said, “if you can continue to innovate your functionality and continue to make great ties to users and publishers.” Calacanis was more specific. He said there’s a huge difference in scale between offering a Twitter BlackBerry client and hosting a real-time bid market for tweets plus a targeted content service. “Simple things like a Twitter client and picture hosting will be native to the Twitter ecosystem,” he wrote. “However, advertising outside of the Twitter ecosystem is going to be anyone’s game. Someone needs to be the independent social stream ad network and if Bill Gross is doing it, well, it will be him.” Posted on 12 April 2010 Et tu, Royal Shakespeare Company? The venerable British theater company has just announced a new production of Romeo and Juliet that will be “performed” (typed?) on Twitter. And it's called “Such Tweet Sorrow”. Seriously, Western Civilization, the end is nigh. MORE>>
Q: jqgrid frozen column issue with chrome browser Hi i am seeing alignment difference in jqgrid frozen column demo between chrome(v22) and firefox. Can any body tell me why it is happening and what is the fix for it. if you look at the screenshot, you will see some horizontal alignment difference between client and Amount columns. you can see the same on live at below link: http://www.trirand.com/blog/jqgrid/jqgrid.html open above link and go to last section i.e frozen cols group header. Then select frozen column demo or frozen column group header demo in chrome(v22) browser in windows XP. But the alignment was proper in firefox(v 15) and safari(v5) in windows XP A: I can't suggest you real solution of the problem, but I decide to write how I interpret the problem. The short answer is: there are a bug in setFrozenColumns method in the calculation of top position of the frozen divs. One should improve the code. There are two divs: one for the frozen header (the div having classes frozen-div ui-jqgrid-hdiv) and another for frozen body (the div having classes frozen-bdiv ui-jqgrid-bdiv). If you open "Frozen Cols.Group Header(new)" / "Frozen column with group header" demo from the official jqGrid demo page and examine the value of top attributes in different web browsers you will find out that in some browsers the value of top should be increased or decreased to 1px to have correct view. For example in Firefox 16 the dives has top: 24px; and top: 70px; and all looks OK. In IE9 one have the same value, but to see the grid correctly one have to change the values to top: 25px; and top: 71px; In the same way one have the same value top: 24px; and top: 70px; in Chrome 22. To fix the problem one can change the values the values to top: 23px; and top: 69px; You can use Developer Tools of Chrome (and the same for IE) to verify that changing of top attribute fixes the problem: After the changes the look of the demo will be perfect at least at 100%, but if you would change zoom to 200% you will see that original values top: 24px; and top: 70px; are better. I suppose that the real solution of the problem is not easy. It goes in the direction of setting height attribute on every rows of the frozen parts of the grid and on every rows of non-frozen part. In the answer you would find the first step in the direction. The disadvantage is that additional code will be required to recalculate the correct height of the row after editing.
Posts Tagged ‘Nano’ Today’s newspaper headlines proclaim that the Tata’s have finally pulled the Nano factory out of West Bengal ending several months of conflict pitting the state government (which acquired land for the factory under eminent domain) against a populist politician who lead an agitation on behalf of farmers deprived of their land. Much has been written in the popular media and blow-by-blow events are too well known to need recounting. It needs “unpopular”, scarcely read media such as this blog to write about the reason behind this situation in which either outcome could only represent a loss for India. Eminent domain is a doctrine that allows governments to appropriate private property on the claim that they can better decide the purpose to which the property can be put. The nominal reason given has always been that the property is acquired for the public good. However, in practice, the reason has often been to hand the land over to some private party on whom the State wishes to bestow a favour – of course, for the common good. In reality, the State (or it’s current rulers) hope to gain in the form of increased taxes being generated from the new uses of the property or direct monetary gains by the rulersin the form of bribes. Add to this the absence of constitutionally guaranteed property rights and you have the India of the 21st century. The original Constitution of India recognized property rights under Article 19 (subclause f) which guaranteed to all citizens the right to acquire, hold and dispose of property. The evil twin of Article 19 was Article 31. Article 31 abrogated to the state the right to deprive citizens of their property by authority of the law. Meaning the government could take over your land and that was your private tragedy. Like always in a socialist system, Article 31, won and the right to property ceased to be a fundamental right in 1978 opening the way to eminent domain in some cases without citizens having recourse to the courts (Article 300-A which replaced Article 31.) Add to this situation, more socialism in the form of land use acts and land reform acts and zoning and it becomes nearly impossible for a private party to acquire enough land to create a large industrial complex. Leading to further land appropriations and deadlocks such as Singur. The only way out of this imbrolio is to drop entirely the doctrine of Eminent Domain and reinstate the Right to Property as a Fundamental Right which cannot be violated even by the State. The Right to Property needs to be realized as an absolute right leading to the removal of all laws pertaining to land use or zoning. This time around, Article 19 must be restored without it’s evil twins, Article 31 and 300-A. This is the only basis on which conflicts such as those which have embroiled Singur can be avoided in the future. In the meantime, India will continue to burn in the conflict between agriculture and industry. Every now and then there is an event in response to which people reveal their souls completely. In the short history of the Indian nation there have been only a few such events – independence, the prime ministership of Rajiv Gandhi, the liberalisation of the econony and the launch of the Nano. (For those who came in late, the Nano is the cheapest car that has ever been built.) It matters not whether the Nano clogs the roads or not or increases the demand for fossil fuels or not. What the Nano symbolizes to the Indian people is progress and the power of achievement. That is why every day more than one hundred and thirty thousand have flocked to see it at the Auto Show in Delhi. The reactions as reported in the newspapers have been overwhelmingly benevolent and positive, as have been the comments from the competitors of the Nano. In sharp contrast are the environmentalist prophets of doom such as Pachauri and the shrill and ugly crone (whatever her name is) who has made a career out of bashing Coca-Cola. The creators of the Nano know they have done something great. The prospective buyers and every benevolent person know that the achievement is great. The detractors are irrelevant.
Exhibiting a few frames of my life It’s been almost two months (like ages for me) that I haven’t written anything in my blog. It’s not like I haven’t tried. I started writing on many topics, like my recent days in New Jersey and New York, about how crazy and unjust as Indian fans we are, about one of my favorite TV character Mr. Brown (remember Mind Your Language). However, not a single of these topics has seen the last period. Don’t know why, but somehow I’ve lost the enthusiasm to write. May be I’m stressed out; there’s a lot reason to be so. But being stressed out really never bothers me. So, why now, still no clue. I think I’ve to try harder to bring back myself to my blog. There are lots of ideas in my mind to improve the blog, like adding a couple of new pages, updating the widgets, writing a post on something entirely new, and many more. I should have to focus on doing at least a few of these things in the coming days. Also, I’ve to update my daily routine to a large extent. I’m like immersed in the world of crime and detection with series like Sherlock, Criminal Minds, Inspector Linley Mysteries, Dexter, Psych, and a few other similar ones. No doubt, I enjoy them very much, but it also affected me to some extent. Like, I’ve become obsessed with watching Criminal Minds. Every night, I didn’t go to sleep without watching a couple of Criminal Minds episodes. Unlike other crime and mystery series, this series is something which focuses more on the criminal psych, their background and the reason to become criminals, mostly serial killers. In a way it is disturbing. Sometimes, I wonder, how come a person can do such a heinous crime. Even I’d bad dreams quite a few times after watching such an episode. But still my obsession with CM has not lessened. This not only hampers my regular sleep but also affects many of my favorite activities. I think I’ve to come out of these and the sooner is better for me. This is the first step of my quest to get myself back into normal blogging and doing my other favorite stuffs like, playing my guitar, a little bit of singing, and gyming for sure. No doubt I can’t escape from crime and detection series, but I’ve to keep control in myself and minimize the frequency. Recently, while surfing online, I came to know about a new site http://www.43things.com/. It’s a very simple site about setting your resolutions for the year ahead. Here, you can list your resolutions one by one, set timelines for their completion, and if require you can set reminders for those resolutions. Since I like to make new year resolutions most of the times, though I hardly follow up to check the fulfillment of most of the resolutions, this site grabs my attention at the very first visit. Also, this year I haven’t made any resolutions during the new year eve, so this site allows me to list some of my tasks (I wouldn’t say resolutions any more) which I’m planning to do during 2011. I’m calling them tasks as being worked in a so called professional environment for more than six years, I’ve become quite comfortable in assigning, updating and resolving tasks :-). So, I’m hoping I will be able to complete these tasks listed in http://www.43things.com/ before the end of this years without any delay of the time line. My movie watching habit has changed quite a lot since start of 2010 and I’ve become a bit selective in watching movies unlike I used to see whatever was served before in the past few years. So, looking back at 2010, I must say that I’ve watched quite a number a good movies, mostly from Hollywood. If you asked me what about Bollywood or why not Bollywood, then I’ll say I feel sorry for Bollywood. So many movies get released every year, yet only a handful of them are watchable. However, this is purely based on my choice and interest of watching movies and is definitely going to differ with many of my co-movie goers. So, when I’ll mention my favorite movies of 2010, feel free to pen them if they deserve in your opinion. So, you just come to know what I’m going to write, right? About my favorite movies of 2010? But the list of my favorites is a long one as I became a bit choosy in 2010. Therefore, in this post I’m going to mention about the five movies that I loved most. The list starts with Inception and ends with A-Team. In between, lies Udaan, Due Date and How to Train Your Dragon. Inception: Inception is the only movie that has made me think what the directors of other movies do to their films (this applies for most of the films I watched). It’s the kind of movie I’m expecting from Christopher Nolan after watching his previous based-on-comics flick The Dark Knight. I liked TDK so much that when I saw the first teaser of Inception, I was quite skeptic about its success. In fact I was least impressed the first time. For me to better TDK, there must be something very different, which was may be not imaginable for me. But Nolan proved me complete wrong when I watched Inception the very second day of its released. After watching the movie, I came out of the theatre with a heavy head with the thought “Am I dreaming?” Nolan bowled me over again after TDK with Inception with a kind of story and imagination that seeks some amount of intelligence and imagination from the viewers too (I’m being honest here, most of the Hindi producer/directors request the viewers to leave their brains out to watch their full on (??) entertaining movies). For me if you did not understand (I won’t say ‘like/love’ instead of understand, because there are people who used to dislike a good movie) Inception, then there is no fault in the movie: however, you must definitely check yourself :-). Udaan: Udaan is in the 2nd place of my list. Though it’s one of the very few Bollywood flicks that I liked this year, with its uncompromised script, impeccable execution, perfect casting, and soothing music, it stands very tall among its contemporaries. In one word Udaan is Brave. I don’t know much about poems or poetry but another word for Udaan is pure Poetry. To me, loving Udaan is a gradual process. When the music of the film released, I loved it instantly. As I continued listening to the songs, my interest for the movie and the love for its music increased in the same proportion. The music of Udaan is a kind of fresh sound (thanks Amit Trivedi once again for coming up yet again with some brilliant compositions), which you will not find in a typical Bollywood movie; in fact you’ll not find such music in a non-typical Bollywood flick also. The lyrics of the songs are not only awesome but also thought provoking. A simple sample is: (Bear with my Hindi and then my translation skills) Par khulne ki deri hain parinde urke choomenge — asmaan asmaan asmaan (It’s only the wait until their wings get opened when the birds will fly and embrace/kiss the sky) Watching Udaan, I felt the kind of happiness after a long time, which I felt watching movies like Forest Gump, Dorr, or Swadesh. The feeling is more than happiness or satisfaction, more precisely I felt triumphant after watching Udaan. Due Date: I hardly remember the instances when I laughed out so loud while watching a movie. Due Date is exactly the kind of movie where I laughed without any inhibition. In fact, there is no option but to laugh watching this movie. Although the length of the movies is quite short and the number of characters is also not a large one, but every moment of the movie is fun-filled. Sometimes circumstances are unimaginable, yet funny to the core. The casting is perfect for the movie. I’m already a fan of Robert Downey Jr. after watching Sherlock Holmes last year and he did every justice to his role. I heard about Zach Galifianakis from Hangover fame. His role is so weirdly good in the movie that I can’t explain his antics in black and white. You have to watch Due Date to see what kind of hilarious chaos he can bring to the normal life of a person. So, if you want to have a good laugh with brains definitely, then go for Due Date instead of the sick Bollywood’s so called comedies. How to Train Your Dragon: This is the fourth movie in my list and the last one that I watched in 2010. I like HTTYD because the dragons in the movie didn’t scare me instead I adore and love them. I also liked it because every minute of the movie it made me think of my little cute and naughty pet Dhun Dhun (a cat). Training the dragon in the movie seemed to me like training my cat in my household. So, liking HTTYD is pure personal feeling. If you have a pet, then this is a must watch for you. But if you have none, then go and get one first. A–Team: I think I don’t have to tell much about this one. Most of you guys must be surprised by the inclusion of A-Team to this list. But once again, A-Team is pure personal and fun and nostalgic. I’m a fan of action movies from the time I knew about movies. So, for me A-Team has all the elements needed for an out-and-out action flick. It has some unbelievably breathtaking sequences, which I know were pure special effects. But they were made in such a way that I don’t have to think whether they are real or fake while watching, the movie. For me watching A-Team was my guilty pleasure of 2010. I’ve been acting inert in my blog for quite some time. It’s more than a month. There’re many incomplete posts that I started at different times during this period. But somehow I wasn’t able to complete them and ultimately they didn’t got a life in my blog. But yesterday while visiting my dashboard in WordPress, I came across this interesting topic which motivated me quite well to become active in my blog. So, after again slogging a day, finally I’ve decided that I will rejuvenate my inner blogger and blog more often which I failed to do in my two-year stint of blogging till now. So, rather thinking about any topic to write for the blog, I’m going to start without any topic right now. I’ll post in my blog everyday about anything I like/dislike or whatever for all 2011 (the year starts late for me :-)). Though I’ve decided to write every day, I’m sure definitely there going to be some misses. So, I’ll try to write everyday and if possible sometimes even multiple posts in a day so that if I miss someday, it will cover up for that. Right now I’m aiming to publish at least 100 posts in my blog during this current year. I know it will not be a cake walk for me but I’m sure it’ll be fun as I love blogging and at the same time, it will going to be a wonderful and stimulating experience. Therefore I’m promising to make use of the DailyPost, and the community of other bloggers with similar goals, to help me along the way, including asking for help when I need it and encouraging others when I can. I also hereby take the opportunity to welcome new bloggers and surfers in my blog. If you are new to my blog or if you know about my blog already, I hope you all will encourage me with comments, likes, and good will along the way of my journey. Today afternoon, I attended a traning session in our office. The session was on Assertiveness and it was one of the impressive trainings that I attended so far. The trainer was good and also the content quality was decent. One of the major reasons to attend this training was to evaluate my assertiveness and I think at the end of the training, I was quite happy what I got. Since I liked the training, I’d like to use my blog to share a few points that I understand/learnt there. So, here I go: The basic human nature or attitude towards life can be typecasted as Passive, Assertive, and Aggressive, or may be a combination of any of these three types. A passive person is someone who is very low on self esteem and like to shy away from anything that needs direct participation or responsibility. Such people like to live low key and usually depend on somebody else to make decisions for themselves. In most of the times they are unable to express their opinions or failed to make others understand about their feelings and needs. People with passive attitude are usually very soft spoken and in most cases they prefers a defensive body language or failed to exhibit any direct eye contact. An assertive person is high on self esteem and understands well about his capabilities. They never shy away from their responsibilities and are alwasys ready with their opinions. They also like to make their own decisions. However, if convincing enough, they will not hesitate to abide by someone else’s decision. They are logical and try to understand the pre and post effects of their actions before acting on something. Assertive people are also very good in listening and understanding others and they can present their opinions, needs, or feelings in a very clear and direct manner. Assertive people have an open body posture, they speak very clearly and confidently, and they like to keep optimum eye contact while participating in a conversation. Aggressive people are those who like to dominate others be it with their attitudes or their actions. They always like to control others and do not miss any opportunity to criticize or blame others. They want people to follow what they like and get frustrated or angered if somebody opposes their decisions. They never rely on others or think about the repercussions of their actions. Usually an aggressive person talks in a very loud and demanding voice with direct eye-contact, which might sometimes transformed to a continuous stare or gaze to make people they are talking uncomfortable. Apart from these three basic human nature, another important point that was discussed in today’s training was ‘how important it is to say no to someone yet keeping yourself assertive’. In other words, how to not say “no” when it is needed to say so. Being assertive doesn’t mean that a person never say no to anyone. An assertive person might not agree to someone else’s opinion or dislike a proposal of another person. But the beauty of assertiveness blooms when that person is able to convey that without attempting to hurt or making the other person feel low. In such situations, a direct “no” might offend the other person. Therefore, it is very important for an assertive person to chose his/her words in communicating with others. An assertive person tries to create an environment where not only s/he can win but also the person against him/her can feel the same. More precisely, assertiveness in people can bring in win-win situations for all. Yesterday night we watched Khichdi – the Movie. Me and my wife are great fan of the TV series based on which the film has been made. However, somehow we didn’t get the chance to watch it in the theatres when it released last month. But a couple of days ago I got the DVD while shopping in a supermarket. So, yesterday after dinner, we sat down to watch the movie. This is not a movie review, but just a write up I felt to write after watching the movie. So, there’ll not be any hint about its story at all. First of all Khichdi is an out and out laugh ride, with very decent humor. There is no double meaning, no abusing, except the regular victimization of Babuji, the Kurkur Kumar. From its transition from a popular lostsitcom to the large screen, Khichdi hasn’t lost its credibility in delivering the millions of laughs for which we love the series so much. However, casting a new actor as Jayshri instead of the series’ regular and popular Jayshri ben, I think producers took a bit risk, which however was well-tackled by the new actor. Rest of the characters, Hansa, Praful, Babuji, Himangshu, Chakki, Jackie, and a hoard of Parminders performed shamelessly 🙂 good to make you laugh your heart out. The best part of the movie is when we’re watching it, it’s like watching the the series in TV once again. The one lose end of the movie is its story, which I felt could have been made better. But no complains from my end at all. I enjoyed watching the movie and would like to recommend anyone who likes to enjoy a good comedy movie with family. This incident was one of the very first, in fact the 1st experience of mine in a corporate environment. It was not that hilarious or serious but whenever I think about the incident, I become nostalgic and a little smile (you may call it a grin) appears in face. So, here I go. It was the early days of October 2004 when I got the call for the final round of interview of my 1st job. I am a very much unambitious kind of person and on getting the call for the final round the 1st question came to my mind was on what basis I cleared the previous round, I didn’t have clue (still…). But whatever, getting the call was the greatest thing for me and I was there in the organization in front of the interview board on time. Then interview was very normal apart from the questions they asks me like “What is the capital of Myanmar?”, “Which country produces tea most?”, “What is the capital of Hungary?” (to check my international knowledge), etc. Most of the questions were of the same kind, which I didn’t have to bother much. Coz I answered the ones I know immediately and confessed and apologized for my inability to respond to the rest. But overall, I thought they are OK with me (then also my mind was asking, why me? why me?). Next, came the biggest question of my life at that moment, “What is your salary expectation?” I didn’t have any clue. I was at the final round of my very 1st job, I didn’t have any prior experience, even I didn’t consult with any of my seniors or working friends regarding this salary thing. The main reason might be my low expectation to get the job or finding any valid reason for them to hire me. I tried my best to explain that I didn’t have any high expectation, in fact I didn’t have any expectation. But they insisted that I had to tell them my salary expectation. Then I thought, “Let’s give it a thought :-),” and then calculated my expenditures per month for the last 3 months’ staying in Delhi and ultimately figured out that if I get 5K I’d be more than happy (the grin again appears). When I let them know my so called more than happy expectation, they really surprised me by telling me that I’d approximately get around 8-9K per month including the incentives. So, I was very confused as my more than happy was 5K. So, when I came out of the interview room with my offer letter, I was very very and more and more than happy. Nowadays, I really missed that kind of happiness, though I earn much more than that since it was almost 6 years of my career. But then, with time and experience, my expectations has increased manifold and those moments become a part of my nostalgia, thinking and asking myself “Am I the same guy 6 years ago, or have become someone different?” What about a heavy duty line to end my post? Ahem, It’s called LIFE. Friends, I’ve published this post as a part of a competition initiated by Mumbai-based blogger and author Parul Sharma to promote her latest release By the Water Cooler. Please click here to know more about the contest as well as to have a glimpse of Parul’s latest release.
Q: Google Structured Testing Tool is not showing image from my domain When I click on "Preview", the Google Structured Testing Tool don't show the image from my domain. But it shows the image of any other link, from Google images. Why? <main itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/NewsArticle"> <meta itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" content="https://isMyDomain.net/?p=one-page"> <span itemprop="author publisher" itemscope itemtype="https://pending.schema.org/NewsMediaOrganization"> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://isMyDomain.net"> <meta itemprop="name" content="siteName"> <link itemprop="sameAs" href="https://www.facebook.com/mypage" /> <link itemprop="sameAs" href="https://twitter.com/mypage" /> <link itemprop="sameAs" href="https://www.instagram.com/mypage" /> <span itemprop="logo" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://isMyDomain.net/img/myLogo.png"> <meta itemprop="width" content="488"> <meta itemprop="height" content="60"> </span> </span> <span itemprop="image" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://isMyDomain.net/img/posts/d40N.jpg"> <meta itemprop="width" content="634"> <meta itemprop="height" content="342"> </span> <article> <header> <h1 itemprop="headline">Title</h1> <time itemprop="datePublished" datetime="2018-10-11T09:45:00-03:00"> 11/10/2018 09h45</time> <meta itemprop="dateModified" content="2018-10-11T09:45:00-03:00"> </header> <div itemprop="articleBody"> <p>article body</p> </div> </article> </main> You can see the preview button when testing a link from BBC news articles. A: Getting the 'Preview' button It seems that the 'Preview' button appears if you include a link element that points to an actual AMP page (it doesn’t seem to work with a fake/example URL), e.g.: <link rel="amphtml" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/amp/world-europe-4582284"> In the preview, the snippets will be linked to this AMP URL. Displaying images in the preview The preview tool only displays images if they are already indexed by Google Search. If they are not yet indexed, a placeholder image will be displayed. See The Google Search Preview Tool: Rich card placeholder images and title If you are testing rich card markup, you can see your actual image in the preview if we confirm, or verify, that the image URL is in our index. However, the preview displays a placeholder image if our systems cannot verify the image URL. Even so, when your rich card markup reaches our systems, the image you provide should be shown correctly in the actual Google Search results.
Symptom profile of major depressive disorder in women with eating disorders. Based on the well-documented association between eating disorders (EDs) and affective disorders, the patterns of comorbidity of EDs and major depressive disorder (MDD) were investigated. The temporal relation between EDs and MDD onset was analyzed to determine differences in the course and nature of MDD when experienced prior to versus after the onset of the ED. Lifetime MDD and depressive symptoms were assessed in 1371 women with a history of ED. The prevalence of MDD was first explored across ED subtypes, and ages of onset of MDD and EDs were compared. Depressive symptoms were examined in individuals who developed MDD before and after ED onset. The lifetime prevalence of MDD was 72.9%. Among those with lifetime MDD (n =963), 34.5% reported MDD onset before the onset of ED. Those who experienced MDD first reported greater psychomotor agitation (OR =1.53; 95%CI =1.14-2.06), and thoughts of own death (but not suicide attempts or ideation; OR =1.73; 95%CI =1.31-2.30). Among individuals who had MDD before ED, 26.5% had the MDD onset during the year before the onset of ED; 67% of individuals had the onset of both disorders within the same 3 year window. Clinicians treating individuals with new-onset ED or MDD should remain vigilant for the emergence of additional psychopathology, especially during the initial 3 year window following the onset of the first disorder.
In this picture released by the official website of the office of the Iranian supreme leader, Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei waves to the crowd while attending a ceremony marking 30th death anniversary of the late revolutionary founder Ayatollah Khomeini, shown in the poster at rear, at his mausoleum just outside Tehran, Iran, Tuesday, June 4, 2019. Ayatollah Khamenei said his country will continue resisting U.S. economic and political pressure on his country. (Office of the Iranian Supreme Leader via AP) In this picture released by the official website of the office of the Iranian supreme leader, Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei waves to the crowd while attending a ceremony marking 30th death anniversary of the late revolutionary founder Ayatollah Khomeini, shown in the poster at rear, at his mausoleum just outside Tehran, Iran, Tuesday, June 4, 2019. Ayatollah Khamenei said his country will continue resisting U.S. economic and political pressure on his country. (Office of the Iranian Supreme Leader via AP) BAGHDAD (AP) — The Latest on rising tensions between the U.S. and Iran (all times local): 2:45 a.m. International investigators believe last month’s attacks on oil tankers in a United Arab Emirates port were led by a foreign state using divers on speed boats who planted mines on the vessels. They did not name Iran, which the U.S. has blamed for the attacks. That’s what United Nations ambassadors from the Emirates, Saudi Arabia and Norway told a closed meeting with U.N. Security Council members on Thursday. Four tankers from those countries were hit on May 12 off the Emirati coast. ADVERTISEMENT U.S. national security adviser John Bolton has said Iran is responsible for the attacks. On Thursday, the Saudi ambassador to the U.N., Abdallah Al-Mouallimi (ab-DAH’-lah al-mooah-LEEH’-meeh), speaking only for his country, said Saudi Arabia also blames Iran for the sabotage. Scientific and naval experts conducted the probe, analyzing tanker debris, radar data and the precisely placed explosive charges. ___ 9:05 p.m. The top commander of U.S. forces in the Mideast says Iran appears to have decided to “step back and recalculate” in response to a U.S. military buildup in the Persian Gulf area. Marine Gen. Frank McKenzie says it’s too early to conclude Iran has abandoned plans for potential attacks against American interests that prompted the buildup last month. McKenzie told reporters Thursday that he is assessing Iran’s stance. He says he would not rule out requesting more forces to bolster American defenses. McKenzie said Iran and its proxies posed what he called an “advanced and imminent” threat to U.S. forces when he asked on May 5 for authority to accelerate the deployment of an aircraft carrier and send four strategic bombers to the Gulf area.
The Trump administration is divided over how to move forward on border protection, with officials from the Justice Department and Customs and Border Protection (CBP) reportedly battling over how to carry out President Trump Donald John TrumpBiden on Trump's refusal to commit to peaceful transfer of power: 'What country are we in?' Romney: 'Unthinkable and unacceptable' to not commit to peaceful transition of power Two Louisville police officers shot amid Breonna Taylor grand jury protests MORE's immigration orders, according to a New York Times report. The Times reported on Friday that the Justice Department is demanding that CBP prosecute all adults illegally crossing the border, maintaining the “zero tolerance” policy that led to over 2,000 migrant children being separated from their families since Attorney General Jeff Sessions Jefferson (Jeff) Beauregard SessionsGOP set to release controversial Biden report Trump's policies on refugees are as simple as ABCs Ocasio-Cortez, Velázquez call for convention to decide Puerto Rico status MORE announced it in April. ADVERTISEMENT But CBP officials reportedly said in meetings this week that they do not have the resources to do so and aren’t going to be able to prosecute all adults with children now that Trump has also signed an executive order ending the practice of separating parents and children during the process, according to the Times. Officials said they need more judges and more money for detention centers to put families in, according to the report. The law also requires children not be detained indefinitely. Trump said as he signed the executive order that his administration’s zero tolerance policy would continue. On Thursday, The Washington Post quoted a top CBP official who said the Trump administration will suspend prosecutions of migrant parents with children who have been apprehended at the border. The Justice Department denied this, saying the stance on immigration has not changed. “There has been no change to the Department’s zero tolerance policy to prosecute adults who cross our border illegally instead of claiming asylum at any port of entry at the border," Justice spokeswoman Sarah Isgur Flores said. The U.S. is preparing to house up to 20,000 migrants on military bases in order to carry out Trump’s executive order, the Times reported on Thursday.
Show HN: What Is My DNS Resolver? (requires IPv6) - pjf http://whatismydns.eu/ ====== p1mrx There used to be a service at myresolver.info, which worked by redirecting to a unique hostname and associating the two requests at the backend. That supported any combination of (IPv4, IPv6) x (DNS, HTTP). This approach (listen on a /96 and encode the resolver's IPv4 address into the HTTP server's IPv6 address) can be stateless, but it only works for the special case of IPv4 DNS and IPv6 HTTP.
Q: Fetching > 1000 entries from a Parse class I'm trying to fetch information from a class that contains 2500 entries. This code worked when I tried for just a 1000 entries. However, when I put it inside a for loop, it's throwing the following error: 'NSInternalInconsistencyException', reason: 'This query has an outstanding network connection. You have to wait until it's done.' Here's the code: func loadDataFromParse(){ var classLimit = 2 println("Loading Parse data") var query = PFQuery(className: "StopList") query.limit = 1000 for (var j = 0; j < classLimit+1; j++) { query.skip = 1000j query.findObjectsInBackgroundWithBlock ({(objects:[AnyObject]!, error: NSError!) in if(error == nil){ if let stopObjects = objects as? [PFObject] { for stop in stopObjects { // Code goes here } }} else{ println("Error in retrieving \(error)") } }) } } Any ideas on what's going on? A: Figured it out! Needed to reinitialize the query variable every time the loop iterates: func loadDataFromParse(){ var i = 1 var limit = 2 println("Loading Parse data") for (var j = 0; j < limit+1; j++) { var query = PFQuery(className: "StopList") query.limit = 1000 query.skip = 1000j query.findObjectsInBackgroundWithBlock ({(objects:[AnyObject]!, error: NSError!) in if(error == nil){ if let stopObjects = objects as? [PFObject] { for stop in stopObjects { println(i) i += 1 } }} else{ println("Error in retrieving \(error)") } }) } }
In in this article, you will learn about the best Linux Distributions which are best for beginners. Which Linux distro is best for beginners? We have prepared a list of 10 best user friendly Linux distributions, you can use any of them. Windows and Mac OS users, prefer to use graphical user interface but Linux is best known for its terminal commands. Can you start using Linux without knowing a single terminal command? Yes, you can with the popular Linux distros like Ubuntu or Linux Mint, there are a lot of good distros out there it is very hard to choose one. In this article, we have listed easy to use top 10 best Linux distro for beginners, you can choose any of them to start your adventure with Linux. Here are the Top 10 Best Linux distro for beginners: Linux Mint Pinterest LinkedIn reddit Linux mint is one of the most used distros out there, with start menu and taskbar it looks and feels like windows 7. Based on Debian and ubuntu, Linux mint is driven by a large community of contributors. It is a free and open source distro which comes along with inbuilt multimedia support to play music and videos. As Linux mint is based on ubuntu so you can easily access the huge amount of software available on ubuntu software center. Linux mint is all in one solution for the native desktop users. Read more and get the download link here. Also read: How to make a bootable USB for Linux Ubuntu Pinterest LinkedIn reddit Ubuntu is a Linux operating system based on Debian and runs on personal computers, tablets, smartphones, and network servers. Ubuntu serves as a base for many popular Linux distros like Linux mint , elementary os etc because of its large number of contributors. Ubuntu has the largest online community and common problems can easily be solved through the forums. Ubuntu comes out to give the taste of Linux for the non-techies. Though the ubuntu UI is different from windows desktop as ubuntu uses Unity as its default user interface but after grabbing your hands around you will start to love the UI . The installation process is very easy and simple. Ubuntu comes along with a wide range of software that includes Firefox, LibreOffice , Thunderbird, Transmission, and several lightweight games such as Sudoku and chess. We can even try out ubuntu without installing it by using a USB Read more and get the download link here. CentOs: Pinterest LinkedIn reddit The world of Linux is famous for its free and open source nature but there is a Linux distro called RedHat which is not a free distro. According to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux website “Red Hat® Enterprise Linux® delivers military-grade security, 99.999% uptime, support for business-critical workloads, and so much more. Ultimately, the platform helps you reallocate resources from maintaining the status quo to tackling new challenges. It’s just 1 reason why more than 90% of Fortune Global 500 companies use Red Hat products and solutions”. The premium subscription of Redhat Linux for one year costs $1,229. But as a beginner, you don’t want to spend money, but you want to have enterprise level security then CentOs is the perfect Linux distro for you to begin. We can say that Centos is the free version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux [RHEL] for beginners. Read more and get the download link here. Zorin OS Pinterest LinkedIn reddit Zorin OS is also based on Ubuntu it is a free os for beginners with a UI similar to Windows. Zorin OS is Powered by GNOME shell, the latest version 12 UI experience is very close to windows 10. If you like Windows 10 user interface but concerned about your privacy because of Microsoft Windows 10 privacy policy then Zorin Os is just made for you. Read more and get the download link here. Pinguy OS Pinterest LinkedIn reddit Pinguy os is another free easy to use Linux distro based on ubuntu. PinguyOS designed to keep in view the beginners. Pinguy OS comes with user-friendly enhancements, such as support for multimedia codecs and browser plugins. As Windows or Mac user you will find Pinguy Os very user-friendly. Read more and get the download link here. Manjaro Linux Pinterest LinkedIn reddit Manjaro Linux is not based on ubuntu (sorry ubuntu for this time) it uses Arch Linux as its base with it is own repositories. It is a very user-friendly Linux you cab install and run it easily in no time. Manjaro Linux has everything included needed for a beginner to get started Read more and get the download link here Elementary OS Pinterest LinkedIn reddit As the name suggests Elementary Os is the simplest Linux distro out there based on ubuntu Elementary Os is the perfect starting to choose as a beginner. It has a demanding design by default it comes with minimal software packages but you can install the ones you want by using its own software management app. Read more and get the download link here SolusOS Pinterest LinkedIn reddit SolusOs is a beginner-friendly desktop Linux distribution. It has no upstream because it has been completely built from scratch. SolusOs enhance the desktop experience by offering numerous applications such as Firefox, Thunderbird, Nautilus file manager application, Rhythmbox Music Player and VLC. Read more and get the download link here Lubuntu Pinterest LinkedIn reddit If you have an old PC running windows XP and you just became sick by using it don’t worry Lubuntu is here to give new life to your PC. Lubuntu is of course based on ubuntu but using the LXDE desktop environment instead of Ubuntu’s Unity shell and GNOME desktop . Read more and get the download link here Chrome OS Pinterest LinkedIn reddit Chrome os is a browser-based operating system for online activities if you are one of those who uses computer purely for web activities. It may not be the typical Linux distro for you but in this era, everything is shifting towards cloud computing so why not to have maintenance-free, always updated cloud-based operating system. Go for Chrome os if you have the internet available 24/7. Read more and get the download link here Conclusion: The good thing about most of the Linux distros is that we can try them without installing them in our hard drive by using USB or virtual box. We can also dual boot any Linux distro with our operating system . Linux experience will be even more excited for you if you understand the terminal commands, doesn’t matter which Linux distro you choose just try to get your hands on the Linux terminal commands.
// Copyright 2015-2020 Swim inc. // // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. // You may obtain a copy of the License at // // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 // // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and // limitations under the License. package swim.math; import org.testng.annotations.Test; import swim.structure.Attr; import swim.structure.Record; import static org.testng.Assert.assertEquals; public class TensorArraySpec { @SuppressWarnings("checkstyle:ConstantName") static final TensorArraySpace<TensorArray<VectorR2, Double>, VectorR2, Double> R2x2 = TensorArray.space(R2.space(), 2); @SuppressWarnings("checkstyle:ConstantName") static final TensorForm<TensorArray<VectorR2, Double>> R2x2_FORM = R2x2.form(VectorR2.form()); @Test public void testMold() { assertEquals(R2x2_FORM.mold(R2x2.of(VectorR2.of(2.0, 0.5), VectorR2.of(4.0, -1.0))), Record.of(Attr.of("tensor", Record.of(Record.of(Attr.of("vector", Record.of(2.0, 0.5))), Record.of(Attr.of("vector", Record.of(4.0, -1.0))))))); } @Test public void testCast() { assertEquals(R2x2_FORM.cast(Record.of(Attr.of("tensor", Record.of(Record.of(Attr.of("vector", Record.of(2.0, 0.5))), Record.of(Attr.of("vector", Record.of(4.0, -1.0))))))), R2x2.of(VectorR2.of(2.0, 0.5), VectorR2.of(4.0, -1.0))); } @Test public void testAdd() { assertEquals(R2x2.add(R2x2.of(VectorR2.of(2.0, 0.5), VectorR2.of(4.0, -1.0)), R2x2.of(VectorR2.of(4.0, 1.0), VectorR2.of(8.0, -2.0))), R2x2.of(VectorR2.of(6.0, 1.5), VectorR2.of(12.0, -3.0))); } }
Wayne I suspect it has to do with alignment. Many model boats have motors and prop shafts that are slightly out of alignment and benefit from a universal joint type connector that allows for this.Stepper motors and their loads are usually build to tight specs where the drive and load are in absolute alignment.I inherited a box full of similar couplers but with heavy springs in the middle (where yours have slots). The previous owner used to build his own equipment and was into mechanics and lathe work as well as electrics and model boats.If you can get the drive train in line I believe they should work. If you are considering using on your model a further post on the outcome would be great.Dave Hello, These couplings are used in Radio equipment, but only usually found at Amateur Radio Rally's, and with 1/4" plain holes with grub screws, except i beleive Prop Shop used to sell them in various hole/shaft sizes, don't know about buying new, possible that RS Components have them, or such like stores. Good Luck....Muddy.... They tend to work OK on angularity, but not actual misalignment.I'm happy with slot and pin! Or those wonderful Taycol ones with two sections that have a rough square shape bashed into the ends, then a square stick in between. They help the Taycol famous noise which I love. Who wants silence anyway? I have that funny square stick coupling with my Taycol Super Marine. But was going to use a rubber coupling, Which is best. I plan to put this motor in either my Sea Queen or possibly my 46" Crash Tender. Not sure which though. As I have purchased a nice brushless motor and speed controller to go with it. I am unsure though if it will push the boat fast enough. I have tried the Taycol with a electronic speed controller on the bench and it seem's to work's OK but I have seen some say that they interfere with the speed electronic controllers. Any advice on this please. Boatshed, I would say the Taycol would suit the Sea Queen better as it's more of a cruiser. The Fire Boat needs some ooomph to get it on the step, as they say. If you have a brushless, use it in the big Crash Tender.The beauty of the Taycol coupling is that it simply works. It cannot NOT work. Been in my Crash Tender for 53 years, doesn't look even slightly worn! As to electronics, I just don't trust ESCs, whoever makes 'em and with Taycols you need somebody who understands lecktrickery, which ain't me, but Doug's an electrical man. You can see him trailing wires when he goes for a stroll.I have bought some supression condensors, but no idea where to put 'em! BoatshedUse whatever you want as a coupling with the Taycol. Its so inefficient it will make little difference. They are major sources of interference but capacitors and careful screening will allow them to work with modern RC and ESC's. If you use metal to metal couplings they can cause interference.Your brushless will require a good well engineered modern type coupling with the motor and shaft in alignment and solidly mounted.I use a 42xx brushless in my Sea Queen and it is fast. Has your Crash Tender two props? If not the Super Marine should be OK. I would use a nice 3 cell LiPo to make up for the lump of lead that is the Taycol. A brushed 800 would be suitable for either model.If you want reverse you need to modify and add a bridge rectifier. Doug (RNin Munich) is converting his Taycol so perhaps he will post a blog.Good luck with the buildDave Isn't it funny how I used my Crash Tender 53 years ago with 27 meg R/C and never ever had any interference problems. Now the fashion victims all want those ugly little cans from Mabuchi or brushless, suddenly the lovely old Taycols are unusable. Rubbish. If modern R/C is that fussy we haven't moved on at all. Maybe because I have an unbroken link to the Taycol and the Crash Tender I see no reason to just give in and use modern stuff I detest. I have never been a fashion victim and I am not starting now. I think this and any other model boats forum and I have reached the limits to our mutual usefulness. I'm off to do things my way. Where I've had help, thanks. Otherwise?............ Hi Boatshed, I'm converting a Taycol Target but the principle is the same with Supermarine. Attached are the original Taycol diagrams for the Supermarine wiring, plus a wiring graphic, with circuit, of the mods for reversing it!You will need a bridge rectifier, BR, (or 4 single power diodes, see attached diagram) rated for at least 5 or 6 Amps. Essentially the DC outputs of the rectifier (+ & -) got to the brushes. The two AC connections (~ x2) go the the field coil. (I'm not yet convinced that this is the best way round!) Also, put two 4Amp fuses in series with the field coil and one brush connection.For suppression try a 0.1 microfarad non-polarised ceramic capacitor across the brush terminals. Otherwise the pyrotechnics at high revs are quite spectacular 😉I assume that the ESC just controlled the speed without reversing?Good luck, let us know how you get on. Cheers Doug 😎PS I'm about to test my reversing board, wish me luck, more later. 😁 @ onetenor; did you click on the pics and download? Do that and they'll appear full size in your usual pic viewer.I use Irfan View, not the MSoft crap.See also my Sea Scout blog for test results. The Target works perfectly with a brushed ESC with + & - from the bridge connected to the brushes. The two ~ outputs connected to the field coil. You will need to modify the links on the motor connectors as per diagram for the Supermarine. Bon chance.I'm now going to celebrate with a wee dram o 17 year Lagavulin 😉Good night from Munich, cheers 😎 Hi Doug, Many thanks for your advice on the Taycol wiring.The ESC I am using is for reversing as well. I am not too good on the electrics and reading the electrical diagrams. But the centre diagram you have posted seems straight forward to me. I also have a Taycol Double Special that I will be using. Will your centre wiring diagram be the same for use with the Double Special. Also would it matter if a 10amp Bridge Rectifier was used and on a quick search all I can find is at Maplins is a Resin-Dipped Ceramic 100pF Capacitor would this be sufficient. Tom. Hi TomThere is a Taycol site that may help you with your Taycol motorshttp://taycol.tk/wiring.htmlThere are slight differences in the different motors and your Double Special falls into this category. The diagrams are clear and you should be able to modify OK.There is a special page for the Taycols with reversing coils such as the Double Special. This uses the Bridge rectifier without any modification to the motor. For your 10 amp bridge rectifier this would be the best option as it will effectively double it to 20 amps. 25 amp are recommended.The caps you have are not of the right value you need 0.1 uf (Mfd) or 100000 pF (Mmfd). You may also see them as 100nF. Ceramic are the type you need.http://www.justradios.com/uFnFpF.htmlThe above is a useful chart of the different capacitor values most often quoted in electronic diagrams.Doug has certainly shown the way and if it encourages others to ressurect and modify their Taycols all to the good.Good luck with the modificationDave This motor has a reversing coil which you will need to disconnect and isolate. The wiring is then changed to link the two field coils together (as on my old two-coil Target), then same procedure as with my Target, - see attached instruction sheet for the Double.BTW; on further testing (to find out why nothing moved on the first attempt) I found that (as it should be) you can attach the + and - from the bridge to either the brushes or the field coil, the two ~ (AC input) pins of the bridge vice versa. Musta dun summat daft on my first try. Not the first time, or the last I suspect. 😉 Don't run too fast or too long in reverse the comm and brushes don't like it! Yep, that's the page I found, amongst others.I'm not so sure that you can reverse the Double without mods. The reversing coil needs to be disconnected and isolated, then you can use this 'freed' post to connect the ESC and the field coil. Haven't seen one in the flesh so I'm open to correction if someone's done it differently. 😎 PS re Bridge rectifier-Main thing is it can handle the stall current of your motor.Don't know what this is for the Double. With my Target it was less than 3A so I used a 4A rectifier. Don't forget the fuses to protect field and armature coils!! 😎 Hmm! Pondering this some more you CAN NOT use the rectifier trick to connect to an ESC without modifying the motor wiring! In the standard 'out of the box' state the field coils and brushes / armature are all in series, with the armature in the middle of the split field coil, as on my Target. Hence only two connections for the battery.To connect the ESC via the bridge you have to separate the field coils from the armature. Otherwise you can't reverse the motor. Hence the motor wiring is changed to link the two field coils in series and isolate them from the brushes. See step 3 in the instructions. Forget the reverse coil, just disconnect it and insulate the end.Now you have four connection points: two for the field coil and two for the brushes. Sooooooo as before; + and - from the bridge to either field or brushes, the two ~ pins from the bridge vice versa! which way round you do it is free choice. Cheers Doug 😎 Hi Doug, the motor already has a capacitor on it, the markings on it are 0.1 - 100 WIMA FKS. I assume that that is sufficient. The box says only needs a single pole switch or relay for reversing. I will just need to sort out wiring up the relay. OK. You can do that just for reversing, but no speed control without the ESC. Also relay contacts have an irritating habit of arcing and burning when used for high currents. More sparks! Your choice but I find the bridge solution is more elegant, more compact and probably more reliable. You'll need a second channel to trigger the relay, could get exciting if you're on full ahead at the time! Or do you intend to use the negative swing of the ESC output to switch it?Don't forget the diode across the relay coil to kill the induced voltage!Let us know what you decide and how it goes. I know which way I would go. Cheers 😎 Hi DougSorry but you are mistaken. Later Taycols such as the Double Special had a separate reverse winding that provided a slower speed in reverse when selected. There are two connections one for forward and one for reverse. You can use a relay or double way switch to alter the contact. A modern solution is to use a bridge rectifier as an electronic switch.I have one and have done the conversion and it works.Current is high and 25 amp capacity is recommended for the Double Special.Please have a look athttp://taycol.tk/Rectifier.htmlThere is a diagram showing the separate coils and how to connect the rectifier.A fuse is a must as you have advised and for reasons explained in the article.I do agree your solution will work but I would suggest this alternative works using the Taycol as designed and avoids any disconnection of coils.Whatever method is used the increased current will require the bridge rectifier to be mounted on a heat sink. Hope this clarifies and helps you understand these fascinating motors in all their variationsDave Hi Again, I am even more confused now, I have never been good with the electrics, this is why up to now any electric boat I have had has been either ready built, or standard 580 style motor with a standard speed controller. Those have been easy the same as R/C is easy to fit. I might just go down the road of motor fitted and no reversing. After all all the ic powered boats I have had have never had reverse on them. Hi Dave, I know about the reversing coil, reverse wound (natch) and fewer turns so motor is slower. Sure you can switch that, mechanically or electronically but is the ESC still the trigger for reverse?😎 So Boatshed, don't give up! The solution Dave mentions is very elegant nd simple 👍 Go to this page http://taycol.tk/Rectifier.html as Dave suggests, and follow the instructions for 'using single diodes'. Or the bridge version if you can't get the diodes easily. circuits attached as on above mentioned page. Cheers Doug 😎 No apologies required. I need all the help I can get, as I'm completely out of my depth when it comes to the electrics and capacitors and relays etc. I am taking in as much as I can but lots of it are way over my head. I have already had it running off of an ESC but with no reversing. Thanks TOM. Hi SonarI often use this type of coupling. Easy to turn up a piece of brass to suit the shaft, drill a couple of threaded holes for ss lock grub screws or thread to suit the prop shaft.I have used silicon exhaust tubing but car heater tube is just as good. The locking bits of brass are essential to prevent slippage.I have even used the slotted type brass couplings from universal joints as they are available in a variety of bores and threads.Make for very strong and smooth coupling with no noise.Dave
Many semiconductor modules use Controlled Collapse Chip Connection (C4) solder balls or bumps to connect the circuitry side of the chip to the substrate. Chips using C4 technology are commonly referred to as either "C4 chips" or "flip chips." For flip chips designed to be wire bonded to a substrate, the C4 pattern is typically around the perimeter of the chip. For flip chips requiring greater numbers of interconnections, and that have been designed for C4 connections, a fully or partially populated array of C4 connections is used. In modules that are not hermetic, and that use C4 connections, an epoxy underfill is typically used. The underfill serves two purposes: (1) it provides environmental protection of the chip circuitry and the solder connections, and (2) it carries some of the shear loading between the chip and the carrier, thus extending the fatigue resistance of the C4 connections. For example, FIG. 1 shows a conventional semiconductor module assembly 8 comprising flip chip 10. Flip chip 10 is mounted to substrate 14 using C4 solder balls 12. This mounting is usually accomplished by use of an automated placement tool. A thin layer of flux (not shown) is usually applied to either the top surface of substrate 14 or to solder balls 12. After placement of flip chip 10 on substrate 14, the assembly is typically run through a reflow furnace in which oxygen levels are controlled to very low levels. The C4 solder balls 12 are typically a lead-tin alloy, such as 97% lead and 3% tin or 37% lead and 63% tin (by weight). Substrate 14 is typically ceramic, but can be an organic substrate, or may comprise any substrate materials known in the art. Substrate 14 has input-output connections 18 such as Pin Grid Array (PGA), Ball Grid Array (BGA), Column Grid Array (CGA), or Land Grid Array (LGA) connections. Although the array of C4 solder balls 12 is typically well-aligned to a corresponding array of solder-wettable pads (not shown) on the top surface of substrate 14 by the placement tool, the surface tension of the reflowed solder balls automatically re-aligns the two arrays during the solder reflow step. During cooling, C4 solder balls 12 solidify and rigidly attach flip chip 10 to substrate 14. Such attachment provides both a mechanical and an electrical connection between the flip chip 10 and the substrate 14. Underfill 16 is typically applied to preheated module assembly 8 by an automated dispense tool (not shown). The module assembly 8 is typically preheated to effectively reduce the viscosity of underfill 16, thereby reducing the time required for and improving the effectiveness of the underfill process. Underfill 16 is typically applied along a single edge of flip chip 10 and then allowed to flow by capillary action to completely fill the spaces between flip chip 10 and substrate 14, thus surrounding C4 solder balls 12. Depending on the size of flip chip 10 and the viscosity of underfill 16, a single dispense pass may be sufficient. Multiple passes may be required, however, with sufficient delay allowed between each pass to allow the underfill 16 to completely flow under the flip chip 10. Generally, the presence of a fillet 13 of underfill 16 around the complete perimeter of flip chip 10 indicates that enough underfill 16 has been applied. Then, the underfill 16 is cured by any of several mechanisms known in the art, such as exposure to heat, ultraviolet light, or microwave energy. Although it is not uncommon for wirebond chips to be mounted in cavities, flip chips have typically been joined to substrates without a need for cavities. In a recent effort to bring the function of separate chips as close together as possible on a package, some modules have been designed with a large chip attached using C4 technology to both a substrate and to a smaller chip. Referring now to FIG. 2, there is shown a module assembly 19 comprising a larger chip 20 with a smaller chip 22 attached to the larger chip 20. The stacked chip structure 23 is joined to a substrate 14'. The C4 solder balls 12 around the perimeter of larger chip 20 are attached to substrate 14'; the C4 solder balls 12' near the middle of the larger chip 20 are attached to smaller chip 22. Solder balls 12 and 12' may comprise the same alloy, or solder balls 12' between chips 20 and 22 may be of a higher melting temperature alloy than solder balls 12 between larger chip 20 and substrate 14' so that solder balls 12' do not reflow when larger chip 20 is joined to substrate 14'. To prevent interference between smaller chip 22 and substrate 14', there is a shallow cavity 24 in the substrate 14' that can accommodate the smaller chip 22. The configuration of stacked chip structure 23 within cavity 24 presents some difficulties, however, in providing underfill (not shown) by conventional underfill techniques. Although underfill applied along the edge of larger chip 20 flows under larger chip 20 and is drawn under and around the perimeter of larger chip 20 by capillary action, capillary action is insufficient to draw underfill into cavity 24 or into the space 25 between chips 20 and 22. Thus, although the underfill may fill the thin gaps 26 between larger chip 20 and substrate 14', it does not provide the desired coverage in cavity 24 or spaces 25. As a result, air trapped in those regions may compromise the integrity of module assembly 19 if the trapped air expands during subsequent heating steps typically used to cure the underfill. U.S. Pat. No. 5,760,478 issued to Bozso et al. describes a system comprising two flip chips connected face-to-face by conventional solder connections, with one or both of the chips having a chip-to-substrate connection for power and signal. For instance, a low-power device, such as a Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) chip, may be attached directly to a higher-power logic chip, with the logic chip also connected to a substrate. In the preferred embodiment, both the chip-to-chip connections and the chip-to-substrate connections are solder connections. The low-power chip is smaller than the higher-power chip and fits under the larger chip within a cavity in the substrate, as is shown in FIG. 2 by Bozso et al. This type of structure presents difficulties in providing underfill by conventional techniques, as described above. Thus, there is a need in the art for a process and module structure that enables underfill of such stacked chip structures while avoiding the problems of the prior art.
Q: how to build multiple react applications at heroku using post build I want to run heroku postbuild for 2 react apps which uses 1 single nodejs server. This is how I am currently building 1 react app which works perfectly fine "scripts": { "server": "nodemon index.js", "shop-user": "npm start --prefix shop-user", "start": "node index.js", "dev": "concurrently \"npm run server\" \"npm run shop-user\"", "heroku-postbuild": "cd shop-user && npm install && npm install --only=dev --no-shrinkwrap && npm run build" } and my try of doing for 2 apps "scripts": { "server": "nodemon index.js", "shop-user": "npm start --prefix shop-user", "start": "node index.js", "dev": "concurrently \"npm run server\" \"npm run shop-user\"", "heroku-postbuild": "cd shop-user && npm install && npm install --only=dev --no-shrinkwrap && npm run build && cd .. end-user && npm install && npm install --only=dev --no-shrinkwrap && npm run build" }, which is not working . my server.js if (process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production') { app.use('/shop', express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'shop-user/build'))); app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'end-user/build'))); app.get('/shop/', (req, res) => { res.sendFile(path.join(__dirname, 'shop-user/build', 'index.html')); }); app.get('', (req, res) => { res.sendFile(path.join(__dirname, 'end-user/build', 'index.html')); }); } A: Seems that your command for moving to the other repository is broken because you are missing a / in your cd command. replace: cd .. end-user && npm install && npm install --only=dev --no-shrinkwrap && npm run build" with: cd ../end-user && npm install && npm install --only=dev --no-shrinkwrap && npm run build" That will build your other project.
The action was based on substantiated allegations from a formal investigation by the Naval Inspector General into the command climate and Thomas' treatment of subordinates under his command. He was also permanently relieved of command of NNSY and reassigned to administrative duties. Captain Thomas took command of the shipyard in September 2010. On May 25, 2011, he was assigned to temporary duty in Washington, D.C., at NAVSEA headquarters pending completion of the investigation. Rear Adm. Joseph Campbell has served as the acting shipyard commander since June 2011 and will continue to do so until a new commanding officer is identified. Norfolk Naval Shipyard in Portsmouth, Va., is one of NAVSEA's four shipyards specializing in repairing, overhauling and modernizing ships and submarines. A report in the Virginian-Pilot Thomas cites NAVSEA spokesman Chris Johnson as saying that Captain Thomas's treatment of subordinates included abusive language and that his removal was "solely associated with leadership behavior," Johnson said. Before the investigation that led to his removal, Captain Thomas had been selected for promotion to rear admiral. Any further decision on his future rank will be a separate action made by Navy Personnel Command, the NAVSEA spokesman told the Virginian-Pilot. The Virgian-Pilots story notes that "Thomas' predecessor, Capt. William Kiestler, was relieved of duty in June 2010 after a year on the job because of a loss of confidence in his ability to command. "Kiestler was removed for failing to ensure that critical maintenance work was being performed according to procedure and for 'loss of situational awareness' of submarine projects."
I had a male friend that tried three times (once every six weeks) before he finally said "ohhhh I get it now." We would usually be talking about random things at his place when all of a sudden he would dim the lights, put on the sex tunes and sit a little too close to me on the sofa. A lot of times I would actually be talking about other men, hoping I could divert things from going there. But nope... he'd slowly move in for the kill... ugh!!! The whole "I don't see you like that. We are just buddies" was awkward the first time. But when he tried two more times after that I got pissed off. When I asked "what part of 'I don't see you like that' didn't you get?" he just replied. "Oh, I thought you just needed more time." With every male friend I've had, I always make it a point to talk about other guys I'm interested in or find hot. I've always hoped that they would be able to understand that I wouldn't be crushing and gushing about other guys if I was the slightest bit interested in them. But... some guys are totally clueless. If I was drunk and she was hot, I'd probably roll with it. I've had this happen in a nightclub (and especially a nightclub bathroom) on a couple of occasions. The street would definitely be a bit more bizarre but if I was in the right mood who knows. Being sober... No, I'd stop her before she got close enough. I don't like strangers unexpectedly invading my personal space in a non-party atmosphere. If you do your kegels regularly, you might be able to chew gum down there in a few weeks, maybe that's a start? Sorry Olivia, couldn't resist. And then soon enough I'll be able to blow bubbles! Re the designer pussy specs listed above, I'm still catching up on all these new options. I think I'm ok with the idea of a labiaplasty in extreme situations and maybe the rejuvenation surgery if a woman has had tons of kids or somehow she was just born with a loose vagina (if such things are possible) and feels extremely self-conscious about it. I'm all for self-improvements if it makes a woman more confident. It's all personal choice. But... the mints are just embarrassing, especially if a woman is popping one in there before sex and thinking the guy is supposed to think she just tastes 'refreshing' in a natural way. Actually, I think they need to reverse this trend and start making Pussy-Flavoured Mints! I agree with everything that Lisa said. It takes time to establish yourself as an author and actually get a loyal following. I think developing an online presence where you show a bit of your personality will often make new readers curious enough to want to sample one of your stories. Hopefully when they do, the quality of your writing stands for itself. Some easy ways to do this are to properly fill out and pimp your profile. Make it an interesting page to visit. The photo album options are a great way to do this. Show people what you think is sexy in a visual way. Posting more often in the forums will also draw in new readers as they get to know you through your opinions and answers on certain topics. The idea is to make people curious enough to want to know more about you. One can argue that writers with 'hot avatars' or cyber-friendly profiles will get more reads and votes. Yet a lot of those are throw-away votes so don't get discouraged. I've always found that it's better to check out who is following you (ie. the people that read a story you write and actually want to be alerted when you post a new one). I just checked my own stats and see that I have 246 people following me right now. I would say that I have never talked to 95% of them and probably 50% of them aren't on my friend list. So it's definitely not all about cliques or friends. Once you've established yourself on the site and have written enough of a collection of stories, the fan base will often create itself. I actually watched some porn once where the whole point was for the guy to come in the girl's eye (she actually held it open for him with her fingers). I guess this is some kind of new fetish thing? I'm going to assume that in most cases with normal people that the cum landed there accidentally, so I'm not going to saw his balls off or anything. If I got the feeling that he did it on purpose, we'd have an issue though. heheh...you purposefully watch some super freaky stuff, don't you? I knew there was a reason I liked you. Actually I found the toilet head-dunking scene far more shock-worthy than the eyeball jizz. I actually watched some porn once where the whole point was for the guy to come in the girl's eye (she actually held it open for him with her fingers). I guess this is some kind of new fetish thing? I'm going to assume that in most cases with normal people that the cum landed there accidentally, so I'm not going to saw his balls off or anything. If I got the feeling that he did it on purpose, we'd have an issue though. I agree with many of the posters above... I am ok with modern, humane zoos near major cities (I would do away with the sketchy ones in small, hick towns that don't have the proper facilities and professional handlers). This is mainly because there are many wild animals that end up injured or lose their mothers at a young age to hunting/poaching and would die if left alone in the wild. I do prefer a more 'sanctuary' style layout. Obviously these kinds of zoos are more expensive, but I would rather see fewer "quality" zoos and sanctuaries. Otherwise, yes, HDTV is like your own personal zoo. There is an incredible array of nature shows available now that are far more awe-inspiring than anything you'll likely see in person. I am against circuses that use live animals. Human circuses (like Cirque de Soleil) are far more entertaining anyway. I really don't like the concept of performing wild animals. That also includes marine parks. I remember loving these as a kid when I didn't know any better. Unfortunately they have created a trainwreck situation where there is nowhere for these large marine animals to go to once they've had they've been kept in captivity for long periods of time. That's to say nothing of the breeding programs of creating more babies destined for a life of performing and then otherwise being corralled in a small watery cage at night. These animals are not going to find any life contentment living in a pool and having to perform tricks in order to get fed. I have read so many horror stories of marine-park disasters where trainers get killed or the animals end up killing themselves accidentally due to miscalculations of pool walls when performing or swimming, often right in front of a shocked crowd. I certainly don't blame the animals for handler deaths, but I do blame the idiocy of believing that by humanizing them (with cute names and crowd-pleasing antics) that we can delude ourselves into thinking that they are not ticking time-bombs and in constant anxiety/depression due to the day-to-day stressors of that environment. I saw the video of the whale-trainer (pictured above) in her last moments. It's a sobering reminder that the concept of "performing wild animals" is what needs to go extinct. go discuss it with someone close to you, a sister, mother, best friend. Someone completely biased towards you, who wants nothing but your happiness. Gather some confidence, and then confront the boyfriend and communicate. I had to add my on this one: Proceed with caution when it comes to advice from close female friends and occasionally some family members as well. Female friends have a tendency to tell you what you want to hear once you have entered into a relationship with someone. This increases exponentially when those friends are also in solid relationships or married. Friends move in herds (like buffalo)... when everyone is hooked up, they strongly desire that you also remain hooked up, especially if they do a lot of couples activities. They may gloss over your issues and reassure you and explain away his man-errors using excuses like "he's just stressed out from work," "he might be a commitment-phobe but he really does love you," "he's scared of love and how strongly he feels for you," and "oh no, that hot 20-yr old vixen you saw him having lunch with on the patio is probably just a summer student from his office." Secondly, when you say to a female friend. "I'm not sure about Bob, I feel like Bob might be cheating on me," this friend is put on the spot. IF she chooses to agree with you, commiserate with you about what an asshole Bob is and tell you other horrible things she knows or suspects about him... AND then after this you still stay with Bob anyway and decide that the two of you love each other, your relationship with this friend will feel awkward going forward, knowing that she secretly detests your man and thinks you are nuts for staying with him. In fact, you may even come to resent her for it. Female friends know this pitfall, and therefore may be more hesitant about telling you what they really think. And last... many close friends just want to see you happy. It's natural instinct to want to sooth someone's fears and make them feel more positive again. Friends don't want to contribute to your emotional meltdown or influence your decisions. Their job is often to "be there for you" when things fall apart, but when it comes to life-altering advice I wouldn't rely on others. Only you know what is going on in your relationship. Trust your gut instinct... it's never wrong. Back in the 60's and early 70's, it was completely legal to buy a leopard or panther in a department store like Harrod's as an exotic pet. Animals were harvested from across the world to be put into zoo's, baby orcas were caught off the coast of Iceland that were destined to end up performing for audience entertainment at marine parks and other exotics were bound for a life in traveling circuses. None of this happens smoothly, of course. There are endless cases of animal cruelty, questionable training methods, trainer/handler deaths when wild animals rebel or give in to their wild instincts. This is to say nothing of the often cramped cages and living structures and general loss of freedom of the animals. The orca that killed his trainer in a public spectacle at Sea World a year ago has just now been put back to task in live performances (despite three human deaths to his record). These aren't isolated incidents. Animals inflicting injuries upon themselves or others due to inadequate treatment facilities is quite common, although often ignored by the media. We just buy more popcorn and cheer it all on, right? Is the idea of the public zoo, circuses and marine parks an outdated concept? Or does the educational component of seeing 'wild animals up close' and the general entertainment value outweigh the costs? Since i don't know what you really look like (or what he looks like), physical attraction could be part of the problem. More so if you've made any major changes from when you first started dating or are no longer trying. Like if mini-skirts and push-up bras were what you wore when you first met, and now the no make-up/sweatpants look is the new staple or if you've had any major weight gains over the past couple of years. Yes, these things are superficial, but let's face it... some guys are superficial! Are you doing things to try to initiate sex or entice him? If you're making efforts and he's rejecting you, then yes... I would be strongly concerned that he's getting it elsewhere. I've heard the whole "he's stressed out" thing before and I don't buy it. Either there's a medical reason for his low sex-drive, he's bored/complacent because you've been in a relationship for a few years now, or he's already playing somewhere else. I would actively start trying to initiate sex, and if he rebuffs you, then you need to talk about what is going on. As Shibui already said... communication is key. It's better to know now than to waste more years with the wrong guy. Sorry if my post sounds a bit harsh, but there's no reason in sugar-coating things and advocating that you ignore red flags and stay in a relationship that isn't satisfying you or making you happy. I wish some of my friends had taken this approach during the last year I spent with my ex-bf rather than reassuring me and convincing me to overlook things. The bottom line in this case is: Not wanting to have sex is a major red flag. I would like to do it on a big stage in Vegas as part of a sexual Cirque de Soleil-stye orgy performance with me as the star and a spellbound and horny audience watching. It would be under silvery strobe-lights and Tiesto would be spinning in the corner. Later, as I took my bows, instead of throwing roses onstage, the crowd would throw sex toys, and I would have to cleverly find a way to use all of them at the same time during my encore performance. I've been on one of these party limo bus things before. It's not a regular limo... it's huge... and very cool. They actually have like a make-shift stripper pole too. Funky lighting... great sound system. Imagine the posh atmosphere of a limo with the size of a small bus. Now, I was on one as part of stagette party transportation to various venues, so we weren't having an orgy, but I think it could be fun. The only thing is that you won't know what these people look like until you're on the ride. If you are picky with your sexual partners, this might be a drawback, depending on who he has arranged to be there. Overall, it sounds like a fun adventure though. And don't forget... you can still be straight and kiss girls (Katy Perry says so). i'd feel comfortable at a real burlesque show, while at a strip club, i think i'd just feel a little dirty? What? You've never been to a strip club??? How did I miss this key fact in the time that I've known you? That means more dirty points for me... I might be winning now. blushes umm... well... i might have gone once, but that was cause one of the girls invited me in, and to be honest, i felt really uncomfortable and it's not really my thing... ok, so you just pulled ahead. gonna have to have a dirty weekend now to tie it up... and i have been to a bdsm club, so does that count? :) I've done the BDSM club thing once and and been to 3 fetish parties... Top that GingerFig-girl! Kidding... I already know you can top that. For some reason I actually really enjoy strip-clubs (with female dancers). I've been too many times to recall actually. I like going with kinky girlfriends, and even with a boyfriend for couples dances. Then there was that one time with the (now famous) porn star and let me tell you it was... Oops, I forgot we're sitting in a classy wine bar. Nevermind. Pass the stuffed olives please. Haha... blonde moment for me. That should have been kind of obvious, right? I find the problem with a lot of modern strip clubs is that unless it's a featured dancer, sometimes it just looks like a girl buzzed out on quaaludes or just completely stoned sort of wandering around on stage, swaying and peeling off clothes. The nudity in itself is sexy for some, I guess. Plus I'm a girl, maybe I just expect more from my sexual entertainment... but... I feel that burlesque focuses more on the performance and pulls your mind into it as well. To keep me interested, I just think that seduction should involve more than just getting naked. I would love to find (or create) a cool vintage-y burlesque club in my city. I actually think it would be a sexy date idea. More women would probably feel more comfortable going into a burlesque club than a strip joint too. Of course, Cher's character in the movie didn't quite have the business pouring in... but anyway... I would obviously run the club a lot better than she did! Plus I wouldn't mind getting on stage now and then either. It's also a sexy idea to vary up penetration and pussy-eating during a single session. When guys think of changing positions, try going down on her instead. She will love the feeling of a warm tongue in between all those hard thrusts. As a bonus, it will also make you last longer. An advanced technique idea could involve a glass dildo previously chilled in the freezer. Vary the hard fucking with the warm tongue and then slide the cool dildo into her... then repeat. It's very stimulating. After the creampie, you can use the glass dildo on her directly afterwards and then she can suck on it while you go down on her and enjoy the rest. I've always found sharing to be sexy. Nice job Your Royal Spriteness! Another corner of the Kingdom for you to play in. Plus I was getting lonely in here eating salad and drinking skinny margaritas for the past year all by myself... First question that comes to mind that fits this thread that I've been thinking about lately. What do we all think about burlesque dancing? I know it had a little modern revival with the Pussycat Dolls and that movie starring Christina Aguilera which I actually quite liked (can't remember the name of it now). Do you find burlesque to be sexier than modern strip clubs? More artistic? Maybe we'll end up with a throwback to a sexuality that was more about corsets and teasing rather than straight up tits and ass... I know even regular porn is actually starting to seem kinkier to me now when the girls are partly clothed. Maybe we're all getting desensitized. Thoughts anyone? I would love to get some guys perspectives on this one too. For inspiration... the lovely Dita Von Teese (who sometimes makes me wish I could rock that sultry brunette look for a night or two).
BASEMENT could be roofed for earthberm home or build out only part as home. Could built on top of and used as a basement / storage. Could be roofed and used as a barn or business and build house on other foundation. RAISE ANIMALS - GROW MUSHROOMS - Zoning will also allow commercial, business, Duplex, church ETC.... INCLUDES THE BASEMENT INCLUDES A SEPTIC SYSTEM INCLUDES A FIGURE 8 DRIVEWAY BASE / SPLIT ENTRANCE INCLUDES EXCAVATED TERRACED AREAS / MORE PRIVACY INCLUDES room to GARDEN, for other BUILDINGS and ANOTHER HOUSE INCLUDES A 50' X 100' FOUNDATION Could be for A SHOP, Garage , COUNTRY STORE, BARN, TENNIS COURT The benefit of being below grade comes from the relatively small thermal differential between the desired inside air temperature (Approx 75 Deg. F) and the relatively constant soil temperature (50-60 deg. F). ********************************************************* 80,000 GALLON CISTERN could be foundation for 1,200 or 2,900 S/F STUDIO READY TO BUILD YOUR OWN COMPOUND ???? IT'S ALREADY STARTED
A buoyancy compensation device is used by a diver to adjust buoyancy during a dive. Such a device is commonly used to off-set buoyancy changes induced as a diver descends while wearing a neoprene wet suit. Such a wet suit is quite buoyant at the surface of the water because air is trapped in the neoprene. Typically, a diver will wear weights to off-set this positive buoyancy to assist in descending. As the diver descends however, the air trapped in the neoprene compresses, reducing the positive buoyancy such that the deeper the diver descends, the more negative the buoyancy becomes. A buoyancy compensation device (BCD) typically has at least one air chamber which the diver fills with air to off-set this increasing negative tendency, to thus maintain neutral buoyancy regardless of the depth of the dive. Conversely, as the diver ascends, air is released from the BCD to avoid rising too quickly as with the reduced pressure, the air in the neoprene expands, increasing positive buoyancy. In U.S. Pat. No. 5,516,233, a buoyancy compensator is described that also functions as a safety device. In U.S. Pat. No. 5,562,513, a buoyancy compensator is described that is integral with a back pack and harness structure for supporting a tank of compressed air on the back of a diver. These devices fail to address a problem with BCD's. For example, the device shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 of the '233 Patent illustrates that the device inflates completely about the periphery. It has been found that such BCD's, when inflated can be uncomfortable, in that they tend to bulge in the areas closest to the surface, regardless of the orientation of the diver, and that even partially inflated, they tend to expand to the point that they induce drag while the wearer is swimming in or on the surface of the water. Further, at present, there are no devices which allow for the adjustment of the buoyancy compensation device in different areas about its periphery or to assure equalization of pressure to avoid air shifts during diving as the diver changes orientation.
URS and its joint-venture partner performed PMO on several Amtrak projects in the eastern United States. In that role, URS entered into a contractual relationship with the United States, which contends that URS improperly billed Amtrak between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2014. The case arose when discrepancies were discovered during an audit of URS’ billing practices. The claims settled by this settlement agreement are allegations only, and there has been no determination of liability.
It is difficult to write about Jewish traitors, but I have the obligation to do so. My life as an American and a Jew is rooted in one miracle: individual liberty and freedom of speech and conscience. We are living in dangerous times, times when men of good will are afraid to speak out. There are some things you cannot say in America today. I will say them anyway. For years, I have noticed something curious about religion in America, Israel, and elsewhere. When I go into an establishment to pray, I notice how thick the carpet is. The gold and silver on doors and paneling's. The "honorees" abounding with their plaques and pictures adorning walls and halls. I have prayed in many different shuls (synagogues) throughout the world, and I admit a proclivity toward those humbler, more "hamish" (homey) environs, with the simple wood benches and plain floors. For me, it is in a place surrounded by holy books, next to the Torah, with those dust-coated windows, that I find solace with the Creator of Heaven and Earth. No games here, no power trips — and you are only as good as your cleaving and yearning to be a part of His world. I reckon there's lots of folks out there who feel the same, regardless of their beliefs. Our history as a people has been divided, roughly, into two camps. There is one camp that stood at Mt. Sinai, witnessed great miracles, received an awesome legacy, and despite the most horrific of human travails — pogroms, inquisitions, crusades, and more — decided to hand down that legacy from generation to generation. It is because of that meritorious Jewish tradition that I am here today and am able to write these words. There is a second camp — a more sinister group, that has done more damage to the Jews and caused more murder and destruction than all of Israel's enemies combined. To this troika belong Jews and non-Jews, and our Jewish heritage has been irrevocably altered by this movement. This second camp is about control of human beings. It holds a vision of a One World Order, together with Marx, Trotsky, and Lenin — an evil that, to date, has claimed nearly two hundred million souls. With these international bandits and mind-control wizards stands the ADL (Anti-Defamation League). Now, if anyone else would say this, that person would be labeled an anti-Semite. But as anyone that knows me will tell you, I am a Jew who strives always to do good, give to charity, and am diligent in study and prayer. Of my many shortcomings, anti-Semitism is not one of them. There are things that for a Jew, there is no excuse. One aspect is the unrelenting war waged by radical Islam against the Jewish people (they say they're not anti-Semitic, just anti-Zionist). But far worse are those who aid and abet this satanic force. For the leftist control-freaks of the ADL, there cannot be a Land of Israel! That would mean they'd be out of a job! They thirst on dissention and division — anything that will drive up their stock. Their support from the outset of a two-state solution means the destruction of the Jewish homeland. Period. No amount of agreements with terror and those who support it, will buy peace. The ADL, in a very real sense, is anathema to the survival of the Jewish people. Moreover, they never cared about the survival of the Jewish People! The ADL’s agenda is simple: anything that will increase their power and control is good. Anti-Semites could never have destroyed the Jewish people. Only Jews can destroy the Jewish People. The entire world, including Christians of all faiths, knows and understands that there is only one people in the world that was given the Land of Israel as an eternal inheritance: the Jews. The only people in the world who rebel against this eternal truth is the ADL and their communist comrades and enablers. Why? In order for there to be a ONE WORLD ORDER, man's spirit and soul must be brought low, be subjugated to the level of the beasts. This was the communist credo, to claim that we are no better than animals that must be controlled. G-d must be destroyed, faith debauched, and religion — ALL RELIGION — extinguished. In this camp we find the ADL. Let's be clear: The ADL has nothing to do with Judaism, Jews, or Jewish Survival. It is a collection of communists, anarchists, Jewish 60's drop-outs, bitter about their nothing status and eager to spread their venom about a socialist paradise at which they believe only they can succeed. (The earlier Bolsheviks and Trotskyite's, they assure us, just didn't get it right.!) It's more than interesting how Obama has surrounded himself with these same radical leftist rejects from the 60's. Interesting also, is how the ADL and the present administration are working hand in glove to make us safer with insane, counter-productive “Hate Crime” legislation. Advertisement Now, the ADL is on the warpath again, this time advocating for a federal data bank to be housed (with them?) in Washington, where each American can be monitored and pursued, for ever having said anything "hateful." And what is the definition of "hateful," you ask? Simple, whatever the ADL dictates. And how, you'll ask can that possibly happen here in the land of the Free, the home of the Brave? Again, simple: just play the anti-Semitic race card, and you will have people tripping all over themselves to acquiesce to your every whim. The facts are: not one Christian today in America dare read the Bible, with it’s exhortation against bestiality and homosexuality without looking over their collective shoulders to see if the ADL is monitoring. So why would the ADL, an organization supposedly founded for the purpose of helping Jews in peril, be spending their capital railing and ranting about Christians and what they do in the privacy of their churches. Interesting, how the ADL could care less about groups like ACORN, ISLAMIC JIAHAD, HAMMAS, CAIR — could it be because they're people of "color?" Or maybe it's because they are necessary in their scheme of ONE WORLD ORDER, neutralizing the fabric of America, getting it ripe for a takeover in which the ADL can take part. Why is the ADL, supposedly the "sentinel" of the Jewish people so disposed to the rights and whims of radical gay and lesbian groups? Is this the pervue of the ADL? The answer lies in one simple concept: power and control. What the Soviets could not do in Russia, the ADL will attempt to do to America. Witness the ADL at work: 1- advocating federal statutes and punishment for just "saying" something negative about Gays, essentially making every Christian a law-breaker in America today. 2- storing thousands of files on suspected "haters," including names, addresses, and phone numbers to be shared with both local and federal police whenever these "haters" get out of hand by saying what they believe. 3- advocating massive censorship where media and films must pass a litmus test before being called "kosher" 4- proposing legislation for simply expressing "seed ideas" (Biblical in origin), concepts or utterances that “stimulate” or “cause friction” against targeted groups. 5- lobbying Canada to pass hate crime legislation: $5,000 misdemeanor, serving up to 2 years in prison.6- working 24/7 for their new "messianic" legislation: HR 262, the “Hate Crimes Bill,” where the ADL will be positioned to establish a massive, pervasive and fascist bureaucracy that will monitor every single American and impose in this country Nazi Germany-style control — the ultimate vision of the leftist ADL. The far-reaching consequences are: no church director will ever be able to utter the word of G-d! Is this not the communist “utopia” coming to fruition? Massive mind control about bias is even now, being established in education — inculcating our youth from kindergarten through college about politically correct speech. Churches that do not hire homosexuals will be closed down. Preachers will be jailed. Here in California, our insane legislature just passed such a bill, a bill that will fire faculty or expel students that make a slip of the tongue. Isn't it amazing? We're not allowed to have the Ten Commandments in our schools. No "minute of prayer" allowed. No mention of G-d allowed. But plenty of mind control about how the White Christians have destroyed the earth and must be neutralized. The Day of the multiculturalists is here, aided and abetted by the ADL, using "hate speech" as the Trojan horse that will destroy our once-great America. I find a certain peace in getting back to that earlier mention of the plain synagogue, permeated with an aura of stark truth and humility, the sometimes shaky rafters and squeaky doors giving testimony to a simplicity lending itself to truth and the eternal peace. How this contrasts with the monstrous and ostentatious ADL building in New York! A skyscraper pointing to heaven, symbolically raising its accusing finger at the Master of the Universe. No, the tons of glass and concrete here cannot mask a horrifying lie and evil intent for this country. I find myself having crossed the political Rubicon. As a conservative, passionate advocate of America's freedom for individual liberties and speech, I have become a pariah in the Jewish community. Who knows, maybe the ADL is monitoring this very message?! But one thing is clear: I stand on the shoulders of many great Americans who have given their lives for this great land. I will not shirk from my responsibility as an American, as a beneficiary of this grand and blessed legacy. I hope that my urgent words are heeded and that people will wake up about those alien forces threatening our very lives. To all my friends throughout America: G-d bless you, and G-d bless America Rabbi Shifren is a southern California native. He graduated from UC Santa Barbara with a degree in Spanish and German literature. He has been a language teacher in LA City schools since 1992. He is also fluent in Hebrew. Having lived in Israel for nearly a decade, he has been an observer and commentator of developments in Israel, the Israeli and foreign press, and the recent rise of Islamic Jihad. He is also the dirctor of "surf and soul" surfcamp, where teens learn self-discipline, proper attitude, and physical fitness. A Malibu surfer since 1962, he is known universally as the surfing rabbi. Through his seminars and classes, he has taught thousand the challenge and thrill of wave riding and the postive aspects of the surfing life style. Rabbi Shifren has declared his candidacy for the Calif. State Senate in 2010, and is the only candidate to openly pledge to oppose the advent of Sharia law in the United States. He is a tireless supporter of individual freedoms and preserving the distinctive greatness of America, her language, and culture. Known for his no-nonsense approach to education and prison reform, Rabbi Shifren is in his own class of patriotism and staunch conservative values. Rev. Jesse Lee Petersen said: "If we had 10 more teachers like Rabbi Shifren, we could turn America around tomorrow." Why is the ADL, the "sentinel" of the Jewish people so disposed to the rights and whims of the radical Gay and Lesbian groups? Is this the purpose of the ADL? The answer lies in one simple concept: power and control. What the Soviets could not do in Russia, the ADL will attempt to do to America.
Rights Creative Commons License Abstract This thesis offers an analysis of the topic of discrimination against pregnant employees in Canada in the period between 1988 and 2000. 1988 was chosen for the starting point for this study in order to update a comprehensive article published in 1990 that covered developments up to this date. In updating the research presented in this earlier article, this thesis focuses on the development of the topic in the legal setting. It offers an analysis of the Canadian public policy environment as it relates to the topic, along with a detailed analysis of related cases that were heard during the studied period. These cases include those heard by both human rights tribunals and labour arbitration boards. This case analysis offers insight into how public policy has been interpreted by legal bodies and the kinds of problems that have been arising in the Canadian workplace. In order to create a more global understanding of this topic, this thesis also presents a general overview of the topic on an international level. By doing all of this, this thesis aims at offering recommendations and conclusions about what employers should be aware of in regards to their pregnant employees. Most importantly, while updating conclusions created in the earlier article and creating new ones, this thesis' key recommendation is that employers stay aware of developments that have taken place in order to be sure of their requirements and responsibilities. In developing this recommendation, this thesis offers employers insight into what they need to be aware of and how they can go about ensuring that they meet and exceed their requirements. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis2000 .W56. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 40-03, page: 0580. Adviser: Andy Andiappan. Thesis (M.B.A.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 2001.
Q: Does PHP set by default the session cookie for all subdomains? I wonder how this quote from the PHP manual should be interpreted: session.cookie_domain specifies the domain to set in the session cookie. Default is none at all meaning the host name of the server which generated the cookie according to cookies specification. Does it mean that when calling session_start on URL www.somedomain.com/somepage.php the cookie will have the following form: Set-Cookie PHPSESSID=e48gh5mqggccgmn8172f0j5a06; path=/; domain=.somedomain.com Or Set-Cookie PHPSESSID=e48gh5mqggccgmn8172f0j5a06; path=/; domain=www.somedomain.com I have seen on index pages the first cookie header and on other pages a header without a domain. Can someone bring some insight on this? Thanks A: No, php will usualy set the cookie for the current domain ex: wwww.domain.com. To have everything consistent, you must either redirect all request to the same domain, or explicitly set the cookie for all subdomains. EDIT: actualy, this is true for Firefox. I think PHP will not actualy set the domain, so the browser is free to use whatever he wants. Internet Explorer i think will set it for any subdomain
[Primary structure of histidine decarboxylase]. The results of investigation of the primary structure of the Histidine Decarboxylase Micrococcus sp. n. are reported. A comparison of the primary structure of the Histidine Decarboxylase Micrococcus sp. n. with that of the Lactobacillus 30a enzyme suggests the alignment with a 52% identity. It is therefore highly probable that two proteins have evolved from common ancestry. The conservative amino acid sequences with residues (pyruvate, cysteine) of the active center have been found.
Q: aspnet_merge.exe EROR; The relative virtual path 'VE/web_form.aspx' is not allowed here I am publishing the asp.net web forms application build in asp.net 4.0 The application builds successfully but after build it gives the following error in the Output window Generating AssemblyInfo. Setting [assembly: AssemblyFileVersion("1.0.0.0")] Setting [assembly: AssemblyVersion("1.0.0.0")] Successfully generated AssemblyInfo file. Running aspnet_merge.exe. C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v10.0A\bin\NETFX 4.7.2 Tools\aspnet_merge.exe C:\Users\me\AppData\Local\Temp\WebSitePublish\project_folder-90277028\obj\Debug\AspnetCompileMerge\TempBuildDir -w project_name -copyattrs C:\Users\me\AppData\Local\Temp\WebSitePublish\project_folder-90277028\obj\Debug\AssemblyInfo\AssemblyInfo.dll -a aspnet_merge(0,0): Error occurred: An error occurred when merging assemblies: The relative virtual path 'VE/web_form.aspx' is not allowed here. ========== Build: 1 succeeded or up-to-date, 0 failed, 0 skipped ========== ========== Publish: 0 succeeded, 1 failed, 0 skipped ========== A: Delete the following files from the project's main folder App_Code.compiled App_global.asax.compiled and delete the following files from the "bin" folder App_global.asax.dll App_WebReferences.compiled and the error will be solved. I am still looking for the reason behind this problem
The repeat B cell epitopes of the malaria circumsporozoite (CS) protein have formed the basis of synthetic peptide vaccines aimed at eliciting high levels of humoral immunity to block the invasion of the host hepatocytes by the infectious sporozoite. A synthetic peptide vaccine, containing repeat B cell epitopes (T1 B) combined with a universal T cell epitope (T) of the P. falciparum CS protein, has been constructed using oxime bond ligation technology. The branched template core of the tri-epitope polyoxime vaccine contains the built-in synthetic lipopeptide adjuvant tripalmitoyl-S-glyceryl cysteine (P3C). A small-scale phase I trial to test the safety and immunogenicity of the (T1BT)4-P3C polyoxime malaria vaccine has recently been carried out at the University of Geneva. The multicomponent polyoxime malaria vaccine was found to elicit anti-peptide antibody responses in 10/10 volunteers of diverse HLA haplotypes, without requiring the addition of exogenous adjuvant. The current grant application proposes to analyze the T cell and B cell responses of the polyoxime immunized volunteers and to assay the genetic restriction and effector functions of T cell lines and clones derived from these volunteers. These studies will provide the first immunological analysis of the human response to a polyoxime vaccine, as well as the first opportunity to investigate the function of a malaria universal T cell epitope in individuals of defined class II haplotypes. The preliminary serological results also demonstrate that, while anti-peptide antibodies were elicited in all the vaccinees, the magnitude of the antibody response was variable, reaching high antibody titers (greater than 5120) in 5/10 of the volunteers. To optimize humoral immunity, polyoximes containing varying T and B cell ratios and configurations would be tested in combination with different adjuvant formulations acceptable for human use. Immunogneicity would be assayed in inbred strains of mice, as well as HLA class II transgenic mice and in Aotus monkeys. The protective efficacy of polyoxime vaccines designed to elicit high levels of humoral, as well as cellular, immunity would be studied in the P. yoelii rodent malaria model. The analysis of the T and B cell responses of the (T1BT*)4-P3C immunized volunteers, the optimization of polyoxime vaccine formulation and the efficacy studies in the rodent malaria model will provide the experimental basis for the development of highly immunogenic synthetic peptide malaria vaccines as well as the preclinical data to support additional Phase I testing of polyoxime vaccines in human volunteers.
Iturama Iturama is a municipality with a total area of 1,401 km² in the center-west of the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. In 2007 the population was 31,495. It became a municipality on 27 December 1948. Location Iturama belongs to the micro-region of Frutal. It is located in the region of western Minas Gerais known as Triângulo Mineiro at an elevation of 453 meters. It is bounded in the south at the border with São Paulo state by a huge artificial lake in the river Rio Grande created by the Água Vermelha Dam. Iturama has neighboring municipalities: West: Carneirinho Northwest: Limeira do Oeste North: União de Minas Northeast: Campina Verde East: São Francisco de Sales South: Arabá and Mira Estrela Distances from other places: Belo Horizonte: 764 km Uberaba: 286 km São Francisco de Sales: 51 km Frutal: 145 km São Paulo: 637 km History and culture The name "Iturama" comes from Itu (big) and Rama (waterfall) in the language of the pre-Columbian inhabitants, the Kayapó. Politically, in last 100 years, the Iturama region was always dominated by the rich farmers families who received by donation their lands from King Portugal time. Lands belonged from Kayapós was dominated by Portugal Empire nominated explorers and distributed to theirs affairs and partners called Bandeirantes and other kinds of foreign gangsters. They were awarded to killed more than 3 million Indigeans to dominate Brazil Area from 1522 to 1822. Iturama still today in the 21st century (2016) there is still a lot of ideas of slaving prejudice and also against black people and Indigeans. These cultures remain dominant at most part of politicians and families. Cultures in our days are mainly related to religious expressions, but our people drink a lot beer and caipirinha during parties (includigon religious ones). Theater, musuens are incipient as value in Iturama. Some common music and some songs called Folia de Reis (Kings Dance, remembering Jesus Christ birth visitide by a Black and Two white Kings). Education takes place in more than 10 Basic and High Schools, a free federal university and a private university, and more than five privates poles of distance or semi-distance higher education. The federal university (Universidede Federal do Triângulo Mineiro) learns Agronomy, Sciences for teacher graduating (Biologic Science and Chemistry). The private university graduates lawyers, managers, engineers and teachers. Economic activities The most important economic activities are cattle raising, commerce, and agriculture. The GDP in 2005 was R$ R$796 million. Iturama is in the top tier of municipalities in the state with regard to economic and social development. As of 2007 there were 05 banking agencies in the town. There was a well-developed retail infrastructure serving the surrounding area of cattle and agricultural lands. There were 5,803 automobiles in all of the municipality, about one for every 5 inhabitants—a high ratio for Brazil. Iturama is an important agricultural producer. In the rural area there were 528 establishments occupying 77,000 hectares. About 1,300 persons were employed in agriculture. 176 of the farms had tractors, a ratio of one in three. There were 87,000 head of cattle in 2006, of which 30,000 head were dairy cows. In permanent crops there were 4,000 ha. planted, while in perennial crops 3,500 ha. were planted (2006). The crops with a planted area of more than 100 hectares were peanuts, rice, sugarcane, corn, and soybeans. Health and education In the health sector there were 7 public health clinics and 12 private health clinics. There was one private hospital with 70 beds. In the educational sector there were 14 primary schools and 05 middle school. Municipal Human Development Index: 0.803 (2000) State ranking: 34 out of 853 municipalities as of 2000 National ranking: 512 out of 5,138 municipalities as of 2000 Literacy rate: 88% Life expectancy: 73 (average of males and females) The highest ranking municipality in Minas Gerais in 2000 was Poços de Caldas with 0.841, while the lowest was Setubinha with 0.568. Nationally the highest was São Caetano do Sul in São Paulo with 0.919, while the lowest was Setubinha. In more recent statistics (considering 5,507 municipalities) Manari in the state of Pernambuco has the lowest rating in the country—0,467—putting it in last place. References See also List of municipalities in Minas Gerais Category:Municipalities in Minas Gerais
Adult leukemia developing after aplastic anemia: report of 8 cases. 481 cases of adult leukemia (115 acute lymphoblastic leukemia, ALL, and 366 acute nonlymphoid leukemia, ANLL) diagnosed at the Hematology Division of Pavia between 1976 and 1985 were reviewed to evaluate how many patients had an aplastic presentation. In 8 cases (1.6%) typical marrow hypoplasia preceded overt leukemia. At the leukemic transformation, the morphological and immunological findings were diagnostic for non-T non-B ALL in 2 cases, for ANLL in 5 cases (2 M1, 2 M2, 1 M5) and for Ph'-negative chronic granulocytic leukemia in 1 case. Median survival from the onset of leukemia was 5 months. In a certain proportion of cases aplastic anemia may be considered as a preleukemic state with a low propensity to develop into acute leukemia.
SAN ANTONIO, June 8, 2007 -- The Spurs watched film today, but I'm not sure there was much to go over defensively. After Game 1 last night, Robert Horry said that the Spurs executed their defensive schemes to a T. Now, the Spurs will never tell you the ins and outs of those schemes (believe me, I've tried to get the details out of them), but the rules are hard and fast. And as Matt Bonner puts it, if they aren't followed, "it's obvious." "It's oriented to push the ball in certain areas," Jacque Vaughn said, "to allow certain shots. And when we do that as a unit, those stats tend to bear in our favor." Those stats being the opponents assist numbers. Last night's nine dimes was Cleveland's second lowest total of the season, and that's a real concern for Cavs assistant coach Hank Egan. "It's what we don't want to happen," Egan said today. "That ball has got to move." When asked if the lack of movement was just a result of the Spurs' defense, or if the Cavs' shared some blame, Egan said that it was "a little bit of both." Zydrunas Ilgauskas agreed. "We didn't move the ball," Ilgauskas said. "We held the ball too much. And when you do that against a good defensive team, they just load to the ball and they make you take a tough shot. So, we need to move the ball. A lot of times there was just one pass and a shot, one pass and a shot." In contrast, the Spurs moved the ball quickly and crisply, finding the open man when Tim Duncan was doubled in the post. Robert Horry had a season-high six assists, a result of making the extra pass on the perimeter. And Cavs coach Mike Brown couldn't help but admire the way his opponent moved the ball. "When you send a double team at anybody, they have great experience, they have great patience, especially Tim," Brown said today. "They make the simple pass. They make the simple pass and they rely on that guy making that next pass." "We chart something, we call them hockey assists, where it's not necessarily a guy -- me making a pass right here for that guy to score, but me making a pass to him so he can make the next pass for a basket. You know, we haven't charted the Spurs, but I imagine that the Spurs got to lead the league in hockey assists, and that's why Bruce gets a lot of those threes in the corner. It's not necessarily from Tim on the double team, but it's from pass, pass, pass or pass, driving kick to pass. That makes him really dangerous when a team is willing to move the basketball like that and they trust one another the way that the Spurs do." It sounds like Brown would like his team to do the same. But they'll have to figure out where the passing lanes are against the stingy Spurs defense. Beware a Motivated LeBron But was the LeBron James' poor offensive night strictly a result of the Spurs' defense? Or will we see a more aggressive LeBron in Game 2? Gregg Popovich believes that James will come out with a different mentality on Sunday. "Well, LeBron is a great competitor," Popovich said, "obviously very gifted, and he'll do everything he can to be more aggressive for both himself and for teammates. I think you'll just see somebody who's even more focused than he was in Game 1." Michael Finley agrees. "We have to go into the game knowing he's going to adjust," Finley said. "He's going to be a lot more aggressive from the jump ball and we just have to say if our defensive adjustments, and hopefully that will be enough." Lines of the Day Brent Barry on Bruce Bowen guarding him in the playoffs when Barry played for the Sonics: "I think he was guarding me when I got out of my car, coming into the arena." Michael Finley, when asked if where the Spurs were like the Bad Boys, because of their defensive reputation: "Oh no, we're not the Bad Boys. We're good guys. We're guys who help ladies across the street, open doors..."
The Detroit Red Wings will start the 2017-18 season with 22 players on the roster. Free Press writer Helene St. James assesses what each needs to do to make the team competitive — and then gets players to spill their indulgences. F Justin Abdelkader Age: 30. Contract: Signed through 2022-23 at a salary cap hit of $4.25 million. Over the boards: One of the few physical players on the team. Needs to produce after subpar 2016-17 season. Beyond the boards: Movie he watches every time he comes across it on TV? “Elf. It’s just so funny. That’s one always enjoy watching it.” Related:Detroit Red Wings analysis: Optimism that Justin Abdelkader will bounce back F David Booth Age: 32. Contract: Signed through 2017-18 at a cap hit of $700,000. Over the boards: Adds a physical dimension, can help out on penalty kill and capable of giving the fourth line some scoring punch. Beyond the boards: Food he’d eat every day if there were no consequences? "Cereal. Golden Grahams. Cinnamon Chex. And Oreo cookie dough blizzards from DQ." Related:David Booth turns tryout into contract with Detroit Red Wings D Trevor Daley Age: 33. Contract: Signed through 2019-20 at a cap hit of $3.2 million. Over the boards: Good skater who can help in all situations and can be used against opposing top lines. Beyond the boards: Food he’d eat every day if there were no consequences? “Cheeseburgers. Really good ones, like Big Macs.” Related:Red Wings’ Trevor Daley on protests: 'Everybody is entitled to their own voice' D Danny DeKeyser Age: 27. Contract: Signed through 2021-22 at a cap hit of $5 million. Over the boards: Had a down 2016-17. Should benefit from new partner in Daley and rediscover a bit of an offensive upside. Beyond the boards: Movie he watches every time he comes across it on TV? “Happy Gilmore. It’s an all-time favorite.” D Jonathan Ericsson Age: 33. Contract: Signed through 2019-20 at a cap hit of $4.25 million. Over the boards: Can be used against big opposing centers, does little things to break up plays and is a factor on the penalty kill. Beyond the boards: Food he’d eat every day if there were no consequences? “Cauliflower puree with Swedish meatballs in a cream sauce with lingonberries.” F Martin Frk Age: 23. Contract: Signed through 2017-18 at a cap hit of $650,000. Over the boards: Hard worker with the hardest shot on the team. Will be interesting to see if he can build on promising exhibition season. Beyond the boards: Food he’d eat every day if there were no consequences? “Apple strudel from my grandma.” F Luke Glendening Age: 28. Contract: Signed through 2020-21 at a cap hit of $1.8 million. Over the boards: Brings speed and deft penalty killing, but needs to be harder to play against overall, like when he first came into the league. Beyond the boards: Food he’d eat every day if there were no consequences? “Taco Bell, especially their grande meal.” D Mike Green Age: 31. Contract: Signed through 2017-18 at a salary cap hit of $6 million. Over the boards: The leading source of offense from the back end. Had good 2016-17 overall, but needs to produce more on power plays. Beyond the boards: Movie he watches every time he comes across it on TV? “Anchorman, because it makes me laugh every time.” F Darren Helm Age: 30. Contract: Signed though 2020-21 at a cap hit of $3.85 million. Over the boards: Needs to find his groove after slow 2016-17. Good skater, but needs to finish when he gets chances. Beyond the boards: Food he’d eat every day if there were no consequences? “Ice cream with chocolate chip cookies.”\ Get ready for the 2017-18 season! Red Wings preview: Questions abound, but Wings believe they can bounce back Red Wings preview: Q & A with Jeff Blashill Red Wings preview: Martin Frk on 'living a dream' G Jimmy Howard Age: 33. Contract: Signed through 2018-19 at a cap hit of $5.3 million. Over the boards: Stay healthy and play like last season, when he put up career numbers. Beyond the boards: Food he’d eat every day if there were no consequences? “Pizza. Either Hawaiian or Buffalo chicken.” D Nick Jensen Age: 27. Contract: Signed through 2018-19 at a cap hit of $812,500. Over the boards: Good puck mover who, as he grows more comfortable, is capable of adding some offense from the back end. Beyond the boards: TV show he’d like to guest star on? “Family Guy. It’d be fun to see if Seth MacFarlane could come up with some good lines for me.” D Niklas Kronwall Age: 36. Contract: Signed through 2018-19 at a cap hit of $4.75 million. Over the boards: The most well-rounded defenseman on the team, but health is a huge concern as he battles hard miles on his body. Beyond the boards: TV show he’d like to guest star on? “Suits. I think I’d make a good lawyer and fit right in.” F Dylan Larkin Age: 21. Contract: Signed through 2017-18 at a cap hit of $925,000. Over the boards: Looks ready to take step forward and be more of an impact player. Determined, driven, dedicated. Beyond the boards: Food he’d eat every day if there were no consequences? “Confetti cupcakes.” F Anthony Mantha Age: 23. Contract: Signed through 2017-18 at a cap hit of $863,333. Over the boards: Realizes he has to work hard and skate every game to be an impact player. Could have breakout season for 2013 first-rounder. Beyond the boards: Food he’d eat every day if there were no consequences? “Filet mignon with truffle butter.” G Petr Mrazek Age: 25. Contract: Signed through 2017-18 at a cap hit of $4 million. Over the boards: Arrived at camp with terrific attitude. Appears committed to reboot his career after down year. Beyond the boards: Movie he watches every time he comes across it on TV? “I like something with a bang. I will watch action movies all the time.” F Frans Nielsen Age: 33. Contract: Signed through 2021-22 at a cap hit of $5.25 million. Over the boards: Hard worker, steady, plays both special teams, and now that he is in his second season with team, he should show more offensively. Can be used in any situation. Beyond the boards: Food he’d eat every day if there were no consequences? “Flodeboller” (a delicious Danish treat of sugar and egg whites whipped into a foamy mixture and coated with chocolate, with a waffle-type cookie for a base). F Gustav Nyquist Age: 28. Contract: Signed through 2018-19 at a cap hit of $4.75 million. Over the boards: Better goal scorer than he showed last season. Good passer who needs to do his part to make power play a threat. Beyond the boards: Food he’d all day every day if there were no consequences? “Chips and pizza.” D Xavier Ouellet Age: 24. Contract: Signed through 2018-19 with a cap hit of $1.25 million. Over the boards: Lacks speed but makes makes sound decisions with the puck, makes for a third-pairing/reserve guy. Beyond the boards: Movie he’ll stop and rewatch if he comes across it on TV? “Rocky. All of them. One through six.” F Riley Sheahan Age: 25. Contract: Signed through 2017-18 at a cap hit of $2.075 million. Over the boards: No one needs a good start to 2017-18 more than Sheahan. Better producer and defender than last season’s aberration. Beyond the boards: Movie he watches every time he comes across it on TV? “Superbad. I just find it really funny.” F Tomas Tatar Age: 26. Contract: Signed through 2020-21 at a cap hit of $5.3 million. Over the boards: Willing to play down low and in the corners, finds a way to get open, needs to finish his chances more consistently. Beyond the boards: TV show he’d like to guest star on? “Family Guy. I’d like to hang out with Peter Griffin.” F/D Luke Witkowski Age: 27. Contract: Signed through 2018-19 at a cap hit of $750,000. Over the boards: Physical player who will stand up for teammates, can play either right wing or right defense. Beyond the boards: TV show he’d like to guest star on? “Walking Dead. I’d like to appear as one of the characters — maybe Rick Grimes. F Henrik Zetterberg Age: 36. Contract: Signed through 2020-21 at a cap hit of $6.1 million. Over the boards: Still the best player on the team in his mid-30s. Beyond the boards: Food he’d eat every day if there were no consequences? “I would probably eat Swedish pancakes. They are delicious.” Contact Helene St. James: hstjames@freepress.com. Follow her on Twitter @helenestjames.
643 F.Supp.2d 461 (2009) In re METHYL TERTIARY BUTYL ETHER ("MTBE") PRODUCTS LIABILITY LITIGATION. This Document Relates to: City of New York, et al., Plaintiffs, v. Exxon Mobil Corporation, Defendant. Nos. 00 MDL 1898(SAS), 04 Civ. 3417(SAS). United States District Court, S.D. New York. July 14, 2009. 462 Robin Greenwald, Esq., Robert Gordon, Esq., Weitz & Luxenberg, P.C., New York, NY, for Plaintiffs. Victor M. Sher, Esq., Todd E. Robins, Esq., Joshua G. Stein, Esq., Nicholas G. 463 Campins, Esq., Marnie E. Riddle, Esq., Sher Leff LLP, San Francisco, CA, Susan Amron, Daniel Greene, Assistant Corporation Counsel, New York, NY, for Plaintiff City of New York. Peter John Sacripanti, Esq., James A. Pardo, Esq., McDermott Will & Emery LLP, New York, NY, for Defendants and Counsel for Exxon Mobil Corporation. OPINION AND ORDER SHIRA A. SCHEINDLIN, District Judge. I. INTRODUCTION In my June 9, 2009 Opinion, I held that the City of New York ("the City") may seek punitive damages for claims that proceed under the commingled product theory.[1] I also determined that a defendant's liability resulting from its contribution to a defective commingled product is merely several, as opposed to joint and several.[2] However I did not decide "which party bears the burden of proof for apportionment" of liability for such claims.[3] The City now moves for a ruling in limine that defendant bears this burden and defendant ExxonMobil Corporation ("Exxon")the only remaining non-settling defendantargues that this burden should be placed on the City.[4] The City also moves in limine for a ruling that defendant should be held jointly and severally liable for the City's damages. For the reasons that follow, I once again hold that liability is several only, and I now hold that defendant bears the burden of establishing a reasonable basis for apportioning liability. II. APPLICABLE LAW A. Motion in Limine The Federal Rules of Evidence favor the admission of all relevant evidence.[5] Evidence is relevant if it has "any tendency to make the existence of any fact that is of consequence to the determination of the action more probable or less probable than it would be without the evidence."[6] A district court will "exclude evidence on a motion in limine only when the evidence is clearly inadmissible on all potential grounds."[7] "Indeed, courts considering a motion in limine may reserve judgment until trial, so that the motion is placed in the appropriate factual context."[8] Moreover, a court's ruling regarding a motion in limine "`is subject to change when the case unfolds.... Indeed even if nothing unexpected happens at trial, the district judge is freein the exercise of sound judicial discretionto alter a previous in limine ruling.'"[9] 464 B. Joint and Several Liability In Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway Co. v. United States, the Supreme Court recently wrote, "When two or more persons acting independently caus[e] a distinct or single harm for which there is a reasonable basis for division according to the contribution of each, each is subject to liability only for the portion of the total harm that he has himself caused.... But where two or more persons cause a single and indivisible harm, each is subject to liability for the entire harm."[10] "In other words, apportionment is proper when `there is a reasonable basis for determining the contribution of each cause to a single harm.'"[11] The rules of causation described in the Second Restatement of Torts are used to establish whether a tortfeasor's acts are a legally sufficient "cause" to support joint and several liability.[12] Under those rules, "the actor's negligent conduct is a legal cause of harm to another if ... his conduct is a substantial factor in bringing about the harm."[13] "The actor's negligent conduct is not a substantial factor in bringing about harm to another if the harm would have been sustained even if the actor had not been negligent," unless the conduct "itself is sufficient to bring about harm to another."[14] "What sets the commingled theory apart from the traditional theory of causation," by contrast, "is that the [plaintiff] need not show that each individual defendant's contribution, taken alone, would have caused an injury."[15] Rather, "the [plaintiff] need only show that the ... defendant's MTBE contributed to th[e] commingled product" that caused the injury.[16] When the commingled product theory was first introduced, this Court discussedby way of examplea situation in which ten manufacturers each supplied ten percent of the gas to an underground storage tank that leaked and contaminated plaintiffs property.[17] In such a scenario, "defendants would be severally liable because joint and several liability is unjust where `there [are] so large a number of actors, each of whom contribute[d] a relatively small and insignificant part of the total harm, that the application of the rule [of joint and several liability] may cause 465 disproportionate hardship to defendants.'"[18] C. Burden of Proving Apportionment Under the commingled product theory, liability is "apportioned by proof of a defendant's share of the market at the time of the injury.'"[19] "`A defendant must be able to exculpate itself by proving that its product was not present at the relevant time or in the relevant place, and therefore could not be part of the commingled or blended product.'"[20] "[A]pportionment should be based, as near as possible, on each defendant's share of the actual market that supplied gasoline to the commingled product that contaminated the City's wells."[21] "[T]he commingled product theory adopts, with slight adjustments, the concurrent wrongdoing theory of liability and the market-share theory of apportioning damages."[22] Under the market share theory, the burden of proving that a defendant's conduct did not contribute to causing the injury is shifted to the defendants. However, courts have taken various approaches to allocating the burden of apportionment among those defendants who fail to exculpate themselves and therefore remain as defendants whose conduct presumably contributed to the injury. "In some states, a plaintiff must prove the actual market share of each defendant."[23] A recent California decision assigned the burden to the plaintiffs because the market share theory marks an "extraordinary departure from conventional tort law doctrine.. of [proving] causation."[24] Given that defendants may be held liable under the market share theory even though they likely did not harm a particular plaintiff, the court explained the need for caution when attributing market share, asserting that "it serves no justice to fashion rules which allow responsible parties to escape 466 liability while demanding [that] others ... compensate [plaintiff for] a loss they did not create."[25] Other states place the burden of proving market share on defendants.[26] When the burden is on defendants, [Many] states impose a rebuttable presumption that all defendants have an equal market share, totaling one hundred percent. Each defendant may rebut this presumption by showing that its actual market share was less. The liability of defendants that cannot prove their actual market share then inflates so plaintiff receives a total recovery.[27] The Third Restatement of Torts provides that "when, under applicable law, a person is severally liable to an injured person for an indivisible injury, the injured person may recover only the severally liable person's comparative-responsibility share of the injured person's damages."[28] An injury is divisible, however, "[w]hen damages for an injury can be divided by causation."[29] "A party alleging 467 that damages are divisible has the burden to prove that they are divisible."[30] "The burden to prove the magnitude of each part is on the party who seeks division."[31] The allocation of the burden of proof can create inequities for either party in a case. On the one hand, "[s]hifting the burden of proof to defendants to prove the magnitude of the parts may be unfair to defendants because it can impose full liability on a defendant who caused only part of the damages."[32] On the other hand, placing the burden of proof on plaintiff could unfairly deny the plaintiff any recovery simply because plaintiff is unable to carry the burden of apportionment. The principal rational for "shifting the burden of proof to the defendant" is that the burden should be placed "on culpable rather than innocent parties."[33] A second rational is that defendants are often in a better position to know their relative contribution to the harm than are plaintiffs.[34] In order to balance these concerns, the most "attractive solution is to place the burden of proof on the party seeking to avoid responsibility for the entire injury, along with relaxing the burden of production."[35] D. Proof of Apportionment Ordinarily apportionment is proper when "there is a reasonable basis for determining the contribution of each cause to a single harm."[36] However "[w]hen two or more causes produce a single, indivisible harm, `courts have refused to make an arbitrary apportionment for its own sake, and each of the causes is charged with responsibility for the entire harm.'"[37] The Third Restatement of Torts states that the burden of production should be low in order to permit "the factfinder [to] divide damages based on the available evidence."[38] The Supreme Court recently adopted this approach in a CERCLA action.[39] In Burlington Northerndiscussed above-the district court apportioned nine percent of the liability for a spill to a defendant even though neither defendant nor plaintiff argued that the injury was divisible.[40] The 468 Court of Appeals reversed on the ground that the finder of fact lacked sufficient evidence to permit a reasonable apportionment of liability.[41] The Supreme Court reversed the Court of Appeals and upheld the district court's apportionment decision "despite the parties' failure to assist the court in linking the evidence supporting apportionment to the proper allocation of liability."[42] The Court determined that the district court had a "reasonable basis for determining the contribution of each" even though the district court "ultimately concluded that this was a classic `divisible in terms of degree' case, both as to the time period in which defendants' conduct occurred, and ownership existed, and as to the estimated maximum contribution of each party's activities that released hazardous substances that caused Site contamination."[43] Similarly, the California Supreme Court explained in Sindell v. Abbott Laboratoriesthe seminal decision concerning apportionment of liability on the basis of market sharethat "the difficulty of apportioning damages among the defendant producers in exact relation to their market share does not seriously militate against the [market share approach].... [W]here a correct division of liability cannot be made the trier of fact may make it the best it can."[44] This approach comports with the traditional American rule on damages, as the Supreme Court stated long ago in Story Parchment Co. v. Paterson Parchment Paper Co.: Where the tort itself is of such a nature as to preclude the ascertainment of the amount of damages with certainty, it would be a perversion of fundamental principles of justice to deny all relief to the injured person, and thereby relieve the wrongdoer from making any amend for his acts. In such case, while the damages may not be determined by mere speculation or guess, it will be enough if the evidence show the extent of damages as a matter of just and reasonable inference, although the result be only approximate.[45] III. DISCUSSION A. Joint and Several Liability The City asks this Court to reconsider its decisionrepeated over many years and as recently as last monthto assign several liability to a defendant found liable under the commingled product theory. There is no reason to do so. First, the City argues that where there are "a small number of tortfeasorsfewer than 20 in the refiner/manufacturer category," the Second Restatement of Torts urges imposition of joint and several liability.[46] However, in the decision that introduced the commingled product theory, this Court explained that if ten manufactures had an equal share in a spill, then there would be too many tortfeasors to permit joint and several liability. The Restatement sets an even stricter limitation where it notes that no court has permitted joint 469 and several liability in similar circumstances when there were more than two or three tortfeasors. The allegation that there are "fewer than twenty" manufactures allegedly at fault is not a reason to depart from this Court's longstanding decision to assign several liability in the commingled product context. Second, the City argues that joint and several liability is available under the Second Restatement whenever two or more persons cause a single, indivisible harm.[47] However, the Restatement provision advanced by the Citysection 875supposes that the tortfeasors "caused" the harm in the sense that their conduct was a substantial factor in the harm. By contrast, the defining feature of the commingled product theory is that plaintiffs need not show that each defendant's conduct was a substantial factor in the harm. Rather, the City need only show that each defendant contributed to the commingled mass that caused the harm. Thus, section 875 is not directly on point.[48] Third, and most important, liability is several under the Second Restatement when "there is a reasonable basis for determining the contribution of each cause to a single harm."[49] Provided there is a reasonable basis to determine defendant's share of the market that supplied gasoline to the injury-producing commingled mass, there will be a reasonable basis for determining defendant's contribution to the single harm. Accordingly, several liability applies. B. Burden of Proof Because the commingled product theory is novel, there is no precedent establishing the applicable burden of proof. An examination of similar cases and doctrinal sources lead this Court to predict that the New York Court of Appeals would place the burden of production and persuasion on the defendant, with the important proviso that a defendant need only show a reasonable basis for the apportionment, which is a low burden. The burden of proving apportionment is ordinarily placed on the culpable party.[50] This is especially true whereas herethe defendant is likely in a better position than the plaintiff to know the defendant's share of the market.[51] The logic of assigning the burden of proving market share to the plaintiff under the market share theory does not support a similar assignment of that burden under the commingled product theory. Under market share theory, placement of the burden on the plaintiff 470 is designed to mitigate the inequity of requiring a defendant to prove its share of the market in circumstances where it is highly unlikely that defendant's product caused or even contributed to plaintiffs injury. By contrast, under the commingled product theory a plaintiff must first prove that the defendant's product was in the commingled product that caused it injury. A defendant will not be found liable where its activity neither caused nor contributed to the harm; thus the potential inequities at the core of the market share decisions are avoided. Under the commingled product theory, there is no reason to depart from the ordinary rule requiring the culpable party to show that there is a reasonable basis for apportioning the harm. Exxon argues that assigning it the burden would be tantamount to imposing joint and several liability, which this Court has already decided is inappropriate. However, there are numerous differences between several liability with the burden of persuasion concerning market share on the defendant and ordinary joint and several liability. Among other things, if liability were joint and several Exxon would have to both (a) seek contribution from non-parties and bear the risk of their insolvency and (b) prove the share of settling parties rather than, as here, simply proving its own share.[52] Although this Court will assign the burden of proof to Exxon, it would cause great inequity if Exxon were to bear the entire cost of this injury. Accordingly, Exxon's burden of production will be low. To satisfy the burden of production, Exxon need only show that there is a reasonable basis for its proposed share. Given that each party intends to call expert witnesses on the topic of market share,[53] the jury will have sufficient evidence to support a reasonable basis for the assignment of a market share to defendant, far more evidence than was before the district court in Burlington Northern.[54] In short, even if this is "a classic `divisible in terms of degree' case,"[55] the factfinder will ultimately be asked "to divide damages based on the available evidence."[56] Because the threshold for assigning some market share to Exxon is easily met, there is no danger that placing the burden on Exxon is tantamount to saddling it with joint and several liability.[57] IV. CONCLUSION For the foregoing reasons, the City's motion in limine is granted in part and 471 denied in part. Exxon's liability is several on those claims brought under the commingled product theory. The burden of production and persuasion concerning apportionment rests on Exxon, which must establish a reasonable basis for such apportionment. SO ORDERED: NOTES [1] See In re Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether Prods. Liab. Litig. ("In re MTBE"), 644 F.Supp.2d 310 (S.D.N.Y.2009). This Opinion assumes familiarity with facts discussed in this Court's previous opinions in this case. For a general discussion of the MTBE litigation, see In re MTBE, 379 F.Supp.2d 348, 364-67 (S.D.N.Y. 2005). For a detailed discussion of the gasoline distribution network that supplies gas to much of New York, see In re MTBE, 591 F.Supp.2d 259, 269-73 (S.D.N.Y.2008). [2] See In re MTBE, 644 F.Supp.2d at 320. [3] Id. at 319 n. 56. [4] See 6/17/09 Letter from Victor M. Sher, counsel for the City, to the Court ("Pl. Ltr."); 6/21/09 Letter from Peter J. Sacripanti, counsel for Exxon, to the Court ("Def. Ltr."). [5] See Fed.R.Evid. 402. [6] Fed.R.Evid. 401. [7] United States v. Ozsusamlar, 428 F.Supp.2d 161, 164 (S.D.N.Y.2006). [8] United States v. Chan, 184 F.Supp.2d 337, 340 (S.D.N.Y.2002). [9] Palmieri v. Defaria, 88 F.3d 136, 139 (2d Cir. 1996) (quoting Luce v. United States, 469 U.S. 38, 41-42, 105 S.Ct. 460, 83 L.Ed.2d 443 (1984)). [10] ___ U.S. ___, 129 S.Ct. 1870, 1881, 173 L.Ed.2d 812 (2009) (quoting United States v. Chem-Dyne Corp., 572 F.Supp. 802, 810 (S.D.Ohio 1983) (internal citations omitted) (emphasis added)). Accord Restatement (Second) of Torts § 875 (finding joint and several liability appropriate when each tortfeasor is a "legal cause" of an indivisible harm). [11] Burlington N., 129 S.Ct. at 1881 (quoting Restatement (Second) of Torts § 433A(1)(b), at 434). [12] Restatement (Second) of Torts § 875 cmt. b. [13] Id. § 831. Accord id. § 875 cmt. e ("[I]t is implicit that any one of a number of persons whose tortious conduct is a substantial factor in causing harm is liable for the harm" (emphasis added)). [14] Id. § 832. [15] In re MTBE, 644 F.Supp.2d at 319. [16] Id. In the context of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act ("CERCLA"), 42 U.S.C. §§ 9601-9675, courts impose joint and several liability even though no proof of causation is required. See Burlington N., 129 S.Ct. at 1880-882. However reliance on CERCLA cases "to support the application of joint and several liability when there are numerous tortfeasors ... is misplaced," as CERCLA presents a unique context in which "Congress intended those proven to be `partially culpable to bear the cost of uncertainty.'" In re MTBE, 447 F.Supp.2d 289, 303 n. 61 (S.D.N.Y.2006) (quoting O'Neil v. Picillo, 883 F.2d 176, 179 (1st Cir.1989)). [17] See In re MTBE, 379 F.Supp.2d at 377-78. [18] Id. at 378 (quoting Restatement (Second) of Torts § 433B(2) cmt. e). Accord In re MTBE, 447 F.Supp.2d 289, 301 (S.D.N.Y. 2006). See also Restatement (Second) of Torts § 433B(2) & cmt. e (noting that cases applying joint and several liability on the sole ground that "the tortious conduct of two or more actors has combined to bring about harm to the plaintiff ... all have involved a small number of tortfeasors, such as two or three." (emphasis added)). [19] In re MTBE, 644 F.Supp.2d at 320 (quoting In re MTBE, 591 F.Supp.2d at 274 n. 72). [20] Id. (quoting In re MTBE, 447 F.Supp.2d at 301). [21] Id. [22] Id. at 314. Accord In re MTBE, 379 F.Supp.2d at 379 (noting that the commingled product theory "is similar to market share in that it shifts the burden to defendants to exculpate themselves from liability"). [23] City of Philadelphia v. Lead Indus. Ass'n, Inc., 994 F.2d 112, 127 (3d Cir.1993). As an example of a state that requires plaintiffs to make this showing, the Third Circuit cited the decision of the New York Court of Appeals in Hymowitz v. Eli Lilly & Co. See id. at 124 n. 10 (citing 73 N.Y.2d 487, 541 N.Y.S.2d 941, 539 N.E.2d 1069 (1989)). However, the Hymowitz Court never explicitly reached this issue. See 73 N.Y.2d at 508-13, 541 N.Y.S.2d 941, 539 N.E.2d 1069 (apportioning liability on the basis of national market share but not stating which party bears the burden of proof). The Third Circuit also cited the seminal California Supreme Court decision in Sindell v. Abbott Laboratories. See 994 F.2d at 124 (citing 26 Cal.3d 588, 163 Cal.Rptr. 132, 607 P.2d 924 (1980)). Although Sindell did not explicitly reach the issue, a lower California court has clarified that "it is plain both from ... the majority [opinion] in Sindell and from the logic of the theory underlying market share tort liability itself" that plaintiffs must make this showing. Ferris v. Gatke Corp., 107 Cal.App.4th 1211, 132 Cal.Rptr.2d 819, 828 (1st Dist.2003). [24] Ferris, 132 Cal.Rptr.2d at 828. [25] Id. (emphasis added) (quotation marks omitted). [26] See, e.g., Smith v. Cutter Biological, Inc., 72 Haw. 416, 438, 823 P.2d 717 (1991) ("`[T]he cornerstone of market share alternate liability is that if a defendant can establish its actual market share, it will not be liable under any circumstances for more than that percentage of the plaintiff's total injuries.'" (emphasis added)) (quoting Conley v. Boyle Drug Co., 570 So.2d 275, 285 (Fla.1990)); George v. Parke-Davis, 107 Wash.2d 584, 592, 733 P.2d 507 (1987) (same); In re "Agent Orange" Prod. Liab. Litig., 597 F.Supp. 740, 820 (E.D.N.Y. 1984) (requiring each defendant to establish that "its product could not have caused the plaintiffs' injury or, alternatively, that it should only be responsible for a proportion of the damage" (emphasis added)). [27] City of Philadelphia, 994 F.2d at 127 (citing Smith, 72 Haw. at 435-36, 823 P.2d 717). Accord Martin v. Abbott Labs., 102 Wash.2d 581, 598, 689 P.2d 368 (1984) (adopting "modified market share" liability, in which plaintiff must join only one defendant who produced or marketed injury-causing product and then shifting the burden to the defendant to prove its percentage share of market and thereby lower presumptive equal share of market); Collins v. Eli Lilly & Co., 116 Wis.2d 166, 342 N.W.2d 37 (1984) (adopting a modified market-share theory of liability in which each defendant is liable in proportion to its "respective contribution" to the result, as measured by various factors). The Third Circuit did not decide how the burden should be allocated because it declined to apply the market share theory. See City of Philadelphia, 994 F.2d at 127-28. [28] Restatement (Third) of Torts: Apportionment of Liability § 11 (emphasis added). [29] Id. § 26. In discussing the similarities between the commingled product theory and the concurrent wrongdoing theory, this Court has frequently referred to these types of injury as "indivisible." See, e.g., In re MTBE, 644 F.Supp.2d at 319 n. 55; In re MTBE, 591 F.Supp.2d at 274-75. In those discussions, the injury was called "indivisible" in the sense that it was caused by a single, commingled mass, the individual molecules of which could not be identified by manufacturer. Those decisions further clarifiedhoweverthat liability would be apportioned by market share and that the relevant market would be narrowly defined in such a way that each defendant's market share representsas near as possiblethe amount of its MTBE in the commingled mass that caused the injury. See In re MTBE, 644 F.Supp.2d at 320-21. By dividing liability by market share rather than by each party's "responsibility"which relates to such matters as relative "awareness or indifference with respect to the risks created by the conduct," Restatement (Third) of Torts: Apportionment of Liability § 8(a)this Court has apportioned liability in a manner similar to divisible injuries, rather than indivisible injuries. See Restatement (Third) of Torts: Apportionment of Damages § 26 (apportioning liability for divisible injuries by "the amount of damages separately caused" by each actor's conduct (emphasis added)). Further, by defining the market in such a way that each defendant is liable in proportion to its share of the gasoline in the commingled product that caused the injury, this Court has devised a way for the damages to be "divided by causation." Id. In both respects, prior decisions of this Court have treated the injury as divisible within the meaning of the Third Restatement of Torts. [30] Restatement (Third) of Torts: Apportionment of Liability § 26 cmt. h. [31] Id. [32] Id. [33] Id. [34] See, e.g., Summers v. Tice, 33 Cal.2d 80, 88, 199 P.2d 1 (1948) (holding that where two defendants breach a duty to plaintiffbut there is uncertainty regarding which one caused the injurythe burden is upon each defendant to prove that he has not caused the harm, in part becausein such circumstances"defendants are in a far better position to offer evidence to determine which one caused the injury"). Cf. Hymowitz, 73 N.Y.2d at 507, 541 N.Y.S.2d 941, 539 N.E.2d 1069 (concluding that despite plaintiffs' lack of knowledge concerning the actions of individual defendants, "the present circumstances call for recognition of a realistic avenue of relief for plaintiffs"). [35] Restatement (Third) of Torts: Apportionment of Damages § 26 cmt. h. [36] Burlington N., 129 S.Ct. at 1881. [37] Id. (quoting Restatement (Second) of Torts § 433A cmt. i). [38] Restatement (Third) of Torts: Apportionment of Damages § 26 cmt. h. [39] See Burlington N., 129 S.Ct. at 1881-83. [40] See id. at 1881. The defendant had insisted that it had no liability and the plaintiff insisted that the harm was indivisible, with the result that neither party attempted to establish the defendant's proportion of responsibility for the spill. See id. at 1881. See id. [41] See id. [42] Id. at 1882. [43] Id. (internal citations omitted) (emphasis added). [44] Sindell, 26 Cal.3d at 613, 163 Cal.Rptr. 132, 607 P.2d 924 (quotation marks omitted). [45] 282 U.S. 555, 563, 51 S.Ct. 248, 75 L.Ed. 544 (1931). [46] Pl. Ltr. (citing Restatement (Second) of Torts § 433B). A comment to section 433B notes that joint and several liability involving "a small number of tortfeasors, such as two or three" is appropriate, while application to "a hundred factories ... may perhaps be unjust." Restatement (Second) of Torts § 433B cmt. e. Thus this provision does not support the extension of joint and several liability to a case involving close to twenty defendants. [47] See id. (citing Restatement (Second) of Torts § 875). [48] In CERCLA caseswhich rely on section 875 of the Second Restatementthere is often no need to prove causation. However, there are independent statutory bases for joint and several liability under CERCLA. See, e.g., New York v. Shore Realty Corp., 759 F.2d 1032, 1044 (2d Cir. 1985) ("[S]ection 9607(a)(1) unequivocally imposes strict liability on the current owner of a facility from which there is a release or threat of release, without regard to causation."). [49] Burlington N., 129 S.Ct. at 1881. [50] See Restatement (Third) of Torts: Apportionment of Damages § 26 cmt. h. [51] See In re MTBE, 591 F.Supp.2d at 270-73 (describing some of "the complex business relationships in the oil industry" involved in shipping gasoline from manufacturers to the retail stations in Suffolk County). Given that Exxon is involved in many of these complex business relationships, it has better access to information relating to its market share than the City does. Cf. Ortiz v. Menu Foods, Inc., 525 F.Supp.2d 1220, 1225 (D.Hawai'i 2007) (explaining that defendant manufacturers of pet food were in better position than plaintiffs to "provide data which would help determine their market share" because defendants had much of the data and could more easily obtain additional "information from their customers regarding the sales price of the pet food and how much pet food was sold during the time period at issue"). [52] See, e.g., In re New York City Asbestos Litig., 188 A.D.2d 214, 593 N.Y.S.2d 43, 46-48 (1st Dep't 1993). [53] See 12/9/08 Expert Market Share Report of Martin R. Tallett, Ex. B to 5/28/09 Declaration of Martin R. Tallett, expert for the City (describing both parties' market share experts and their intended testimony). [54] Although the jury will not be instructed that there is a rebuttable presumption that Exxon's share of the market is equal to that of other manufacturers who supplied gasoline to the market, the jury may be instructedif necessarythat such an assumption might provide a reasonable basis for assigning a market share to defendant in the absence of any other reliable method for doing so. [55] Burlington N., 129 S.Ct. at 1882 (quotation marks omitted). [56] Restatement (Third) of Torts: Apportionment of Damages § 26 cmt. h. See also Sindell, 26 Cal.3d at 613, 163 Cal.Rptr. 132, 607 P.2d 924 ("[W]here a correct division of liability cannot be made the trier of fact may make it the best it can." (quotation marks omitted)). [57] Similarly, because the jury will determine Exxon's share of the commingled gas that caused the injury, there is no Due Process objection to the imposition of punitive damages, as explained in In re MTBE, 644 F.Supp.2d at 319-20.
Suriya's NGK Teaser with Karthi's Dev! PUBLISHED DATE: 11/Feb/2019 It was in January this year that actor Suriya wrapped the shooting portions of NGK, his first film with director Selvaraghavan and right then it was announced that the teaser of the film will be released on Valentine's day i.e February 14, 2019. Now,it has been updated that the teaser of the film will be screened in movie theaters along with Karthi's upcoming film Dev which is also releasing on the same day. The online version of NGK's teaser will be unveiled at 6 P.M. that day. Nandha Gopala Kumara or NGK is touted to be a political drama and also starsRakul Preet Singh, Jagapathi Babu and Sai Pallavi among others. Yuvan Shankar Raja has composed the music of this film which has amped the curiosity factor around this film even more.
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--- title: Gatsby Starter Default github: 'https://github.com/gatsbyjs/gatsby-starter-default' demo: 'https://gatsby-starter-default-demo.netlify.com/' author: Gatsby ssg: - Gatsby cms: - No Cms date: 2015-07-21T00:52:53.000Z github_branch: master description: The default Gatsby starter stale: false ---
# I2P # Copyright (C) 2009 The I2P Project # This file is distributed under the same license as the routerconsole package. # To contribute translations, see http://www.i2p2.de/newdevelopers # # Translators: # alfalb.as, 2015 # hxdcmls, 2013 # wtfisthis <low_fps11@yahoo.com>, 2015 # Manuela Silva <manuela.silva@sky.com>, 2018 # rafaelbf, 2013 # Ruthein Alex <rutweiller@hotmail.com>, 2012 # tuliouel, 2013 # wicked, 2012 msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: I2P\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2015-07-17 01:33+0000\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2018-06-16 16:23+0000\n" "Last-Translator: Manuela Silva <manuela.silva@sky.com>\n" "Language-Team: Portuguese (http://www.transifex.com/otf/I2P/language/pt/)\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "Language: pt\n" "Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n" msgid "Anonymous Proxy" msgstr "Proxy Anónimo" msgid "Satellite Provider" msgstr "Provedor de Satélite" msgid "Andorra" msgstr "Andorra" msgid "United Arab Emirates" msgstr "Emirados Árabes Unidos" msgid "Afghanistan" msgstr "Afeganistão" msgid "Antigua and Barbuda" msgstr "Antígua e Barbuda" msgid "Anguilla" msgstr "Anguilla" msgid "Albania" msgstr "Albânia" msgid "Armenia" msgstr "Armênia" msgid "Netherlands Antilles" msgstr "Antilhas Holandesas" msgid "Angola" msgstr "Angola" msgid "Asia/Pacific Region" msgstr "Ásia/Região do Pacifico" msgid "Antarctica" msgstr "Antártica" msgid "Argentina" msgstr "Argentina" msgid "American Samoa" msgstr "Samoa Americana" msgid "Austria" msgstr "Áustria" msgid "Australia" msgstr "Austrália" msgid "Aruba" msgstr "Aruba" msgid "Åland Islands" msgstr "Ilhas Åland" msgid "Azerbaijan" msgstr "Azerbaijão" msgid "Bosnia and Herzegovina" msgstr "Bósnia e Herzegovina" msgid "Barbados" msgstr "Barbados" msgid "Bangladesh" msgstr "Bangladeche" msgid "Belgium" msgstr "Bélgica" msgid "Burkina Faso" msgstr "Burkina Faso" msgid "Bulgaria" msgstr "Bulgária" msgid "Bahrain" msgstr "Bahrain" msgid "Burundi" msgstr "Burúndi" msgid "Benin" msgstr "Benim" msgid "Saint Barthélemy" msgstr "São Bartolomeu" msgid "Bermuda" msgstr "Arquipélago das Bermudas" msgid "Brunei Darussalam" msgstr "Brunei Darussalam" msgid "Bolivia" msgstr "Bolívia" msgid "Bonaire" msgstr "Bonaire" msgid "Brazil" msgstr "Brasil" msgid "Bahamas" msgstr "Baamas" msgid "Bhutan" msgstr "Butão" msgid "Bouvet Island" msgstr "Ilha Bouvet " msgid "Botswana" msgstr "Botsuana" msgid "Belarus" msgstr "Bielorrússia" msgid "Belize" msgstr "Belize" msgid "Canada" msgstr "Canadá" msgid "Cocos (Keeling) Islands" msgstr "Ilhas Cocos (Keeling)" msgid "Congo" msgstr "Congo" msgid "Central African Republic" msgstr "Republica Central Africana" msgid "Switzerland" msgstr "Suíça" msgid "Cote D'Ivoire" msgstr "Costa do Marfim" msgid "Cook Islands" msgstr "Ilhas Cook" msgid "Chile" msgstr "Chile" msgid "Cameroon" msgstr "Camarões" msgid "China" msgstr "China" msgid "Colombia" msgstr "Colômbia" msgid "Costa Rica" msgstr "Costa Rica" msgid "Serbia and Montenegro" msgstr "Sérvia e Montenegro" msgid "Cuba" msgstr "Cuba" msgid "Cape Verde" msgstr "Cabo Verde" msgid "Curaçao" msgstr "Curaçau" msgid "Christmas Island" msgstr "Ilha Natal" msgid "Cyprus" msgstr "Chipre" msgid "Czech Republic" msgstr "Republica Checa" msgid "Germany" msgstr "Alemanha" msgid "Djibouti" msgstr "Djibouti" msgid "Denmark" msgstr "Dinamarca" msgid "Dominica" msgstr "Dominicana" msgid "Dominican Republic" msgstr "República Dominicana" msgid "Algeria" msgstr "Argélia" msgid "Ecuador" msgstr "Equador" msgid "Estonia" msgstr "Estónia" msgid "Egypt" msgstr "Egito" msgid "Western Sahara" msgstr "Sara Ocidental" msgid "Eritrea" msgstr "Eritreia" msgid "Spain" msgstr "Espanha" msgid "Ethiopia" msgstr "Etiópia" msgid "European Union" msgstr "União Europeia" msgid "Finland" msgstr "Finlândia" msgid "Fiji" msgstr "Fiji" msgid "Falkland Islands (Malvinas)" msgstr "Ilhas Falkland (Malvinas)" msgid "Micronesia" msgstr "Micronésia" msgid "Faroe Islands" msgstr "Ilhas Faroé" msgid "France" msgstr "França" msgid "Gabon" msgstr "Gabão" msgid "United Kingdom" msgstr "Reino Unido" msgid "Grenada" msgstr "Granada" msgid "Georgia" msgstr "Geórgia" msgid "French Guiana" msgstr "Guiana Francesa" msgid "Guernsey" msgstr "Guernsey" msgid "Ghana" msgstr "Gana" msgid "Gibraltar" msgstr "Gibraltar" msgid "Greenland" msgstr "Gronelândia" msgid "Gambia" msgstr "Gâmbia" msgid "Guinea" msgstr "Guiné" msgid "Guadeloupe" msgstr "Guadalupe" msgid "Equatorial Guinea" msgstr "Guinéu-Equatoriano" msgid "Greece" msgstr "Grécia" msgid "South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" msgstr "Ilhas Geórgia do Sul e Sandwich do Sul" msgid "Guatemala" msgstr "Guatemala" msgid "Guam" msgstr "Guam" msgid "Guinea-Bissau" msgstr "Guiné-Bissau" msgid "Guyana" msgstr "Guiana" msgid "Hong Kong" msgstr "Hong Kong" msgid "Honduras" msgstr "Honduras" msgid "Croatia" msgstr "Croácia" msgid "Haiti" msgstr "Haiti" msgid "Hungary" msgstr "Hungria" msgid "Indonesia" msgstr "Indonésia" msgid "Ireland" msgstr "Irlanda" msgid "Israel" msgstr "Israel" msgid "Isle of Man" msgstr "Ilha do Homem" msgid "India" msgstr "Índia" msgid "British Indian Ocean Territory" msgstr "Território Oceânico Indiano Britânico" msgid "Iraq" msgstr "Iraque" msgid "Iran" msgstr "Irão" msgid "Iceland" msgstr "Islândia" msgid "Italy" msgstr "Itália" msgid "Jersey" msgstr "Jersey" msgid "Jamaica" msgstr "Jamaica" msgid "Jordan" msgstr "Jordânia" msgid "Japan" msgstr "Japão" msgid "Kenya" msgstr "Quénia" msgid "Kyrgyzstan" msgstr "Quirguistão" msgid "Cambodia" msgstr "Camboja" msgid "Kiribati" msgstr "Kiribati" msgid "Comoros" msgstr "Comores" msgid "Saint Kitts and Nevis" msgstr "São Cristóvão e Nevis" msgid "North Korea" msgstr "Coreia do Norte" msgid "Republic of Korea" msgstr "República da Koreia" msgid "Kuwait" msgstr "Kuweit" msgid "Cayman Islands" msgstr "Ilhas Caimão" msgid "Kazakhstan" msgstr "Cazaquistão" msgid "Lao People's Democratic Republic" msgstr "República Democrática Popular do Laos" msgid "Lebanon" msgstr "Libâno" msgid "Saint Lucia" msgstr "Santa Lúcia" msgid "Liechtenstein" msgstr "Liechtenstein" msgid "Sri Lanka" msgstr "Sri Lanka" msgid "Liberia" msgstr "Libéria" msgid "Lesotho" msgstr "Lesoto" msgid "Lithuania" msgstr "Lituânia" msgid "Luxembourg" msgstr "Luxemburgo" msgid "Latvia" msgstr "Látvia" msgid "Libya" msgstr "Líbia" msgid "Morocco" msgstr "Marrocos" msgid "Monaco" msgstr "Mónaco" msgid "Moldova" msgstr "Moldávia" msgid "Montenegro" msgstr "Montenegro" msgid "Saint Martin" msgstr "São Martin" msgid "Madagascar" msgstr "Madagascar" msgid "Marshall Islands" msgstr "Ilhas Marshall" msgid "Macedonia" msgstr "Macedónia" msgid "Mali" msgstr "Mali" msgid "Myanmar" msgstr "Mianmar" msgid "Mongolia" msgstr "Mongolia" msgid "Macau" msgstr "Macau" msgid "Northern Mariana Islands" msgstr "Ilhas Marianas do Norte" msgid "Martinique" msgstr "Martinica" msgid "Mauritania" msgstr "Mauritânia" msgid "Montserrat" msgstr "Montserrat" msgid "Malta" msgstr "Malta" msgid "Mauritius" msgstr "Maurício" msgid "Maldives" msgstr "Maldivas" msgid "Malawi" msgstr "Malai" msgid "Mexico" msgstr "México" msgid "Malaysia" msgstr "Malásia" msgid "Mozambique" msgstr "Mocambique" msgid "Namibia" msgstr "Namíbia" msgid "New Caledonia" msgstr "Nova Caledônia" msgid "Niger" msgstr "Níger" msgid "Norfolk Island" msgstr "Ilha Norfolk" msgid "Nigeria" msgstr "Nigéria" msgid "Nicaragua" msgstr "Nicarágua" msgid "Netherlands" msgstr "Holanda" msgid "Norway" msgstr "Noruega" msgid "Nepal" msgstr "Nepal" msgid "Nauru" msgstr "Nauru" msgid "Niue" msgstr "Niue" msgid "New Zealand" msgstr "Nova Zelândia" msgid "Oman" msgstr "Omã" msgid "Panama" msgstr "Panamá" msgid "Peru" msgstr "Peru" msgid "French Polynesia" msgstr "Polinésia Francesa" msgid "Papua New Guinea" msgstr "Papua Nova Guiné" msgid "Philippines" msgstr "Filipinas" msgid "Pakistan" msgstr "Paquistão" msgid "Poland" msgstr "Polónia" msgid "Saint Pierre and Miquelon" msgstr "Saint Pierre e Miquelon" msgid "Pitcairn Islands" msgstr "Ilhas Pitcairn" msgid "Puerto Rico" msgstr "Porto Rico" msgid "Palestinian Territory" msgstr "Território Palestiniano" msgid "Portugal" msgstr "Portugal" msgid "Palau" msgstr "Palau" msgid "Paraguay" msgstr "Paraguai" msgid "Qatar" msgstr "Qatar" msgid "Réunion" msgstr "Ilha Réunion" msgid "Romania" msgstr "Roménia" msgid "Serbia" msgstr "Sérvia" msgid "Russian Federation" msgstr "Rússia" msgid "Rwanda" msgstr "Ruanda" msgid "Saudi Arabia" msgstr "Arábia Saudita" msgid "Solomon Islands" msgstr "Ilhas Salomão" msgid "Seychelles" msgstr "Seicheles" msgid "Sudan" msgstr "Sudão" msgid "Sweden" msgstr "Suécia" msgid "Singapore" msgstr "Singapura" msgid "Saint Helena" msgstr "Santa Helena" msgid "Slovenia" msgstr "Eslovénia" msgid "Svalbard and Jan Mayen" msgstr "Svalbard e Jan Mayen" msgid "Slovakia" msgstr "Eslováquia" msgid "Sierra Leone" msgstr "Serra Leoa" msgid "San Marino" msgstr "São Marino" msgid "Senegal" msgstr "Senegal" msgid "Somalia" msgstr "Somália" msgid "Suriname" msgstr "Suriname" msgid "South Sudan" msgstr "Sudão do Sul" msgid "Sao Tome and Principe" msgstr "São Tomé e Princípe" msgid "El Salvador" msgstr "São Salvador" msgid "Sint Maarten" msgstr "São Martinho" msgid "Syria" msgstr "Síria" msgid "Swaziland" msgstr "Suazilândia" msgid "Turks and Caicos Islands" msgstr "Ilhas Turks e Caicos" msgid "Chad" msgstr "Chade" msgid "French Southern Territories" msgstr "Territórios Franceses do Sul" msgid "Togo" msgstr "Togo" msgid "Thailand" msgstr "Tailândia" msgid "Tajikistan" msgstr "Tajiquistão" msgid "Tokelau" msgstr "Tokelau" msgid "Timor-Leste" msgstr "Timor-Leste" msgid "Turkmenistan" msgstr "Turcomenistão" msgid "Tunisia" msgstr "Tunísia" msgid "Tonga" msgstr "Tonga" msgid "Turkey" msgstr "Turquia" msgid "Trinidad and Tobago" msgstr "Trindade e Tobago" msgid "Tuvalu" msgstr "Tuvalu" msgid "Taiwan" msgstr "Taiwan" msgid "Tanzania" msgstr "Tanzânia" msgid "Ukraine" msgstr "Ucrânia" msgid "Uganda" msgstr "Uganda" msgid "United States Minor Outlying Islands" msgstr "Estados Unidos das Distantes Ilhas Menores " msgid "United States" msgstr "Estados Unidos" msgid "Uruguay" msgstr "Uruguaí" msgid "Uzbekistan" msgstr "Uzbequistão" msgid "Vatican" msgstr "Vaticano" msgid "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" msgstr "São Vicente e Granadinas" msgid "Venezuela" msgstr "Venezuela" msgid "Virgin Islands" msgstr "Ilhas Virgens" msgid "Vietnam" msgstr "Vietname" msgid "Vanuatu" msgstr "Vanuatu" msgid "Wallis and Futuna" msgstr "Wallis e Futuna" msgid "Samoa" msgstr "Samoa" msgid "Yemen" msgstr "Yemen" msgid "Mayotte" msgstr "Mayotte" msgid "South Africa" msgstr "África do Sul" msgid "Zambia" msgstr "Zambia" msgid "Zimbabwe" msgstr "Zimbabué"
By Andy Ives, CFP®, AIF® IRA Analyst Follow Us on Twitter: @theslottreport There are many gaps. Generation gap, stop-gap, The Gap Band. In baseball you can hit into the gap. Football linemen have an A-gap, B-gap and C-gap to concern themselves with. Of course, there is the Cumberland Gap. And there is a very important gap to consider when dealing with IRAs – the “Gap Period.” The gap period begins on the date of death of an IRA owner and ends on September 30 of the following year. A significant amount of planning activity can, and should, take place within this window, including: Post-Death Distributions (i.e. “Cash-outs”): If a charity is named as an IRA beneficiary, there is a good chance they will want the money as soon as possible. The same can be said for an individual who does not care to stretch the IRA and would prefer a lump sum payout. These cash-outs should be completed during the gap period. Account Splitting: If more than one person is named as beneficiary, and if each of these individuals would like to stretch the IRA by using their own life expectancy to calculate the RMD from their inherited portion, the account will need to be split. (Technically, the tax code provides until December 31 of the year after the owner’s death to split the IRA, but many custodians will not allow you to wait so long.) Splitting the account by September 30 gives the beneficiaries another three months to take their respective death RMD. If the account is not split into separate inherited IRAs before the deadline, the beneficiaries will be forced to use the life expectancy of the oldest beneficiary when calculating their RMDs. This may not be an issue if the beneficiary ages are similar but could cause a problem if there is a great disparity. Disclaimers: Disclaimers must be in writing and generally need be received within 9 months after the IRA owner’s death. Be aware that this 9-month period is measured as of the date of death, meaning it could expire well before the September 30th deadline. A disclaimer can be for all or a portion of the interest in the IRA. By leveraging a disclaimer (if all the desired beneficiary candidates are named on the beneficiary form prior to death), a surviving spouse can actually change the beneficiary of their deceased spouse’s IRA. How? Let’s bring together Cash-outs, Account Splitting and Disclaimers into an all-inclusive example: Howard passed away in December 2017 and named his wife Ella and their local church as the primary beneficiaries of his IRA. Howard and Ella’s four children were also named as equal contingent beneficiaries. The gap period ran from the date of Howard’s death until September 30, 2018. In March 2018, well within the gap period, the church requested a cash-out, and the custodian completed the transaction. After the cash-out, the church was no longer factored into any considerations when calculating payouts for the remaining beneficiaries. Ella now stood as the sole primary beneficiary. Ella did not need the money and wanted to direct it to her four children. Since Howard’s death was less than 9 months earlier, Ella made a qualified disclaimer of her entire portion of the IRA in June 2018. Her disclaimer resulted in the children being left as the only remaining beneficiaries. At the end of the gap period on September 30, 2018, the four children were officially recognized as the designated beneficiaries of Howard’s IRA. As it turned out, the age differential between the eldest and youngest sibling was 15 years. Since the IRA was properly split, each child was able to maximize the stretch by using their own life expectancy when calculating their required minimum distribution. Fortunately, this family and their advisor understood the rules and made prudent decisions. Unwinding a hasty transaction post death can be difficult and sometimes impossible. Remember, you have time. Be sure to leverage the planning options available during the IRA gap period. .
The figures were in comparison to July last year, when the World Cup was taking place during a heatwave, factors which may have encouraged social smoking and drinking. Sales in August were down by just 2.8 per cent compared with the same month last year. Deborah Arnott, the director of the anti-smoking campaign Ash, welcomed the news last night but said the Government had to keep up the momentum. "These figures fit with what we've seen happen in other countries when the ban came in there," she said. "Now the work needs to continue; if the Government takes its eye off the ball, rates will go up again." In order to maintain the reduction a range of other measures were also necessary, including tax, media and anti-smuggling strategies, she said. News of the drop in sales comes as the minimum age at which people can buy cigarettes has been raised from 16 to 18, a move which campaigners believe will provide a further meaningful test of sales trends. A recent study discovered that exposure to secondhand smoke for people working in bars and clubs had dropped by 95 per cent since the ban. Researchers in Scottish hospitals have also found a 17 per cent drop in the number of people admitted for heart attacks since the ban took effect there in March 2006. Your Comments COMMENT RULES: Comments that are judged to be defamatory, abusive or in bad taste are not acceptable and contributors who consistently fall below certain criteria will be permanently blacklisted. The moderator will not enter into debate with individual contributors and the moderator’s decision is final. It is Belfast Telegraph policy to close comments on court cases, tribunals and active legal investigations. We may also close comments on articles which are being targeted for abuse. Problems with commenting? customercare@belfasttelegraph.co.uk
TV and video viewership habits are changing. Linear, or traditional TV, and video on demand (VOD) viewing will be almost equal in just three years. According to Ericsson ConsumerLab research , half of all TV/video content will be watched on a mobile screen, with half of this on a smartphone screen alone. More from the Ericsson report:50%of all TV and video viewing will take place on a mobile screen (tablets, smartphones and laptops) in three years, an increase of 85% since 2010, with the smartphone alone accounting for almost one quarter (an increase of nearly 160% since 2010)30 hrs/week is the time spent watching TV and video content, which is an all-time high. This includes linear TV , live and on-demand internet services , downloaded and recorded content, as well as DVD and Blu-ray The average number of used on-demand services has increased from 1.6 in 2012 to 3.8 services in 2017 per person 2 in 5 consumers already pay for ondemand TV and video services today 32% say they will increase their on-demand spending in the next 6-12 months.More than a third of consumers wanting access to (same) content when abroad, thus making portability an increasingly important factor Average time spent on searching for content has increased to almost one hour per day, an increase of 13%since last year Smartphone viewing also continues to gain ground; approximately 70% of consumers now watch videos on a smartphone – double the amount from 2012 – making up a fifth of total TV and video viewing 16-19-year-olds watch the most content each week (33 hours), an increase of almost 10 hours a week since 2010.More than half of 16-19-year-olds spend their time watching content on-demand, with more than 60% of their TV and video viewing hours spent on a mobile device screen Virtual reality, or VR, will be on the road to becoming mainstream, with one in three consumers becoming VR users by 2020.
That is when I have my most vivid communications.I am not a medium in any way at all but do hear and see in dreams.My most vivid recollection of a dream and spirit communication was about two years ago.Never been able to work out it yet.May be some kind person here can fathom it out for me.Will place it under a different category.Petal petal34 wrote:That is when I have my most vivid communications.I am not a medium in any way at all but do hear and see in dreams.My most vivid recollection of a dream and spirit communication was about two years ago.Never been able to work out it yet.May be some kind person here can fathom it out for me.Will place it under a different category.Petal I'm taking up the blank space Do you only see in dreams, Petal? And how you do you work on platform (if you do, that is). petal34 wrote:That is when I have my most vivid communications.I am not a medium in any way at all but do hear and see in dreams.My most vivid recollection of a dream and spirit communication was about two years ago.Never been able to work out it yet.May be some kind person here can fathom it out for me.Will place it under a different category.Petal I'm taking up the blank space Do you only see in dreams, Petal? And how you do you work on platform (if you do, that is). You are very welcome to it,Quiet. No,I am not a platform medium,far from it.I sense,I hear and I listen to the wise words of spirit.Many a good message and piece of good advice they have given me.
/ @file Main file for attrib shell level 2 function. Copyright (c) 2009 - 2012, Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.<BR> This program and the accompanying materials are licensed and made available under the terms and conditions of the BSD License which accompanies this distribution. The full text of the license may be found at http://opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php THE PROGRAM IS DISTRIBUTED UNDER THE BSD LICENSE ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. / #include "UefiShellLevel2CommandsLib.h" STATIC CONST SHELL_PARAM_ITEM ResetParamList[] = { {L"-w", TypeValue}, {L"-s", TypeValue}, {L"-c", TypeValue}, {NULL, TypeMax} }; / Function for 'reset' command. @param[in] ImageHandle Handle to the Image (NULL if Internal). @param[in] SystemTable Pointer to the System Table (NULL if Internal). / SHELL_STATUS EFIAPI ShellCommandRunReset ( IN EFI_HANDLE ImageHandle, IN EFI_SYSTEM_TABLE SystemTable ) { EFI_STATUS Status; LIST_ENTRY Package; CONST CHAR16 String; CHAR16 ProblemParam; SHELL_STATUS ShellStatus; ShellStatus = SHELL_SUCCESS; ProblemParam = NULL; // // initialize the shell lib (we must be in non-auto-init...) // Status = ShellInitialize(); ASSERT_EFI_ERROR(Status); // // parse the command line // Status = ShellCommandLineParse (ResetParamList, &Package, &ProblemParam, TRUE); if (EFI_ERROR(Status)) { if (Status == EFI_VOLUME_CORRUPTED && ProblemParam != NULL) { ShellPrintHiiEx(-1, -1, NULL, STRING_TOKEN (STR_GEN_PROBLEM), gShellLevel2HiiHandle, ProblemParam); FreePool(ProblemParam); return (SHELL_INVALID_PARAMETER); } else { ASSERT(FALSE); } } else { // // check for "-?" // if (ShellCommandLineGetFlag(Package, L"-?")) { ASSERT(FALSE); } else if (ShellCommandLineGetRawValue(Package, 1) != NULL) { ShellPrintHiiEx(-1, -1, NULL, STRING_TOKEN (STR_GEN_TOO_MANY), gShellLevel2HiiHandle); ShellStatus = SHELL_INVALID_PARAMETER; } else { // // check for warm reset flag, then shutdown reset flag, then cold (default) reset flag // if (ShellCommandLineGetFlag(Package, L"-w")) { if (ShellCommandLineGetFlag(Package, L"-s") \|\| ShellCommandLineGetFlag(Package, L"-c")) { ShellPrintHiiEx(-1, -1, NULL, STRING_TOKEN (STR_GEN_TOO_MANY), gShellLevel2HiiHandle); ShellStatus = SHELL_INVALID_PARAMETER; } else { String = ShellCommandLineGetValue(Package, L"-w"); if (String != NULL) { gRT->ResetSystem(EfiResetWarm, EFI_SUCCESS, StrSize(String), (VOID)String); } else { gRT->ResetSystem(EfiResetWarm, EFI_SUCCESS, 0, NULL); } } } else if (ShellCommandLineGetFlag(Package, L"-s")) { if (ShellCommandLineGetFlag(Package, L"-c")) { ShellPrintHiiEx(-1, -1, NULL, STRING_TOKEN (STR_GEN_TOO_MANY), gShellLevel2HiiHandle); ShellStatus = SHELL_INVALID_PARAMETER; } else { String = ShellCommandLineGetValue(Package, L"-s"); DEBUG_CODE(ShellPrintEx(-1,-1,L"Reset with %s (%d bytes)", String, String!=NULL?StrSize(String):0);); if (String != NULL) { gRT->ResetSystem(EfiResetShutdown, EFI_SUCCESS, StrSize(String), (VOID)String); } else { gRT->ResetSystem(EfiResetShutdown, EFI_SUCCESS, 0, NULL); } } } else { // // this is default so dont worry about flag... // String = ShellCommandLineGetValue(Package, L"-c"); if (String != NULL) { gRT->ResetSystem(EfiResetCold, EFI_SUCCESS, StrSize(String), (VOID*)String); } else { gRT->ResetSystem(EfiResetCold, EFI_SUCCESS, 0, NULL); } } } } // // we should never get here... so the free and return are for formality more than use // as the ResetSystem function should not return... // // // free the command line package // ShellCommandLineFreeVarList (Package); // // return the status // return (ShellStatus); }
const express = require('express'); const router = express.Router(); router.use((req, res, next) => { if (!req.user) { res.status(401).json({ error: 'Unauthorized' }); return; } next(); }); // List of API: // 1. /buy-book // 2. /my-books module.exports = router;
Tuesday, February 15, 2011 Hurryupslowdown Talking to reporters in Washington on Monday, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said the U.S. administration "very clearly and directly" supports the [Iranian] protesters. "What we see happening in Iran today is a testament to the courage of Iranian people and an indictment of hypocrisy of the Iranian regime--a regime which over the last three weeks has constantly hailed what went on in Egypt and now, when given the opportunity to afford their people the same rights as they called for on behalf of the Egyptian people, once again illustrate their true nature," she said. --RTT, Feb. 15 Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton warned on Sunday that removing President Hosni Mubarak of Egypt too hastily could threaten the country’s transition to democracy. ... Citing the Egyptian Constitution, Mrs. Clinton said that if Mr. Mubarak stepped down now, Egypt would have to hold elections for a new president in 60 days — too little time for the government or the opposition to organize a credible vote. Her comments, made to reporters on the way home from a conference in Munich, echo what administration officials have said privately and some of what the White House’s temporary diplomatic emissary to Cairo, Frank G. Wisner, said publicly on Sunday: Mr. Mubarak is likely to remain in the picture, at least a while longer. --The New York Times, Feb. 6 Maybe I'm being unfair here. But, hey, it's my blog. It's pretty clear, though, that Clinton and Wisner were actively trying to throw cold water on the uprising in Egypt. So she might want to cool it on the "hypocritical" accusations.
Irish Whiskey Making Kit Make your own Irish Whiskey with a Swish Barrel Bootleg Kit. The original Ulsce Beatha (Gaelic Whiskey), aka THE WATER OF LIFE, invented by monks during the 5th century. Traditionally distilled and blended from both malted and unmalted grains. The kit includes everything you need to make your finest Irish Whiskey aged to perfection. Alcohol NOT included. How the make your own Irish whiskey kit works: Start by curing your barrel. Pour most of a 750ml bottle of 40% alc./vol. grain alcohol, neutral vodka or swish alcohol into the barrel. Add 1 bottle of Irish Whiskey Essence and fill the barrel with the remaining alcohol. Shake well to mix thoroughly. It's best when aged for 2 or more weeks but if you can't wait... Drink Now!
Q: Vagrant : phpUnit not found (symfony 2.8) I'm new to phpUnit. I installed it via composer. My composer.json is the following : "require": { "php": ">=5.5.9", "symfony/symfony": "^2.8", "doctrine/orm": "^2.5", "doctrine/doctrine-bundle": "^1.6", "doctrine/doctrine-cache-bundle": "^1.2", "symfony/swiftmailer-bundle": "^2.3", "symfony/monolog-bundle": "^2.8", "sensio/distribution-bundle": "^5.0", "sensio/framework-extra-bundle": "^3.0.2", "incenteev/composer-parameter-handler": "^2.0", "doctrine/mongodb-odm": "~1.0", "doctrine/mongodb-odm-bundle": "~3.0", "nicmart/tree": "~0.2", "jms/serializer-bundle": "^1.1", "simple-bus/symfony-bridge": "^4.1", "phpunit/phpunit":">=4.2", "codeception/codeception": "*", "nicolopignatelli/valueobjects": "^4.0" }, "require-dev": { "sensio/generator-bundle": "^3.0", "symfony/phpunit-bridge": "^2.7" } during composer update, i recieved - Installing phpunit/phpunit (5.2.9) and i see the phpunit directory in my vendors. now while simply trying to output the phpunit version (or while trying to start testing), i get the following error message : me@myMachine:root/path/of/symfony$ phpunit -v The program 'phpunit' is currently not installed. To run 'phpunit' please ask your administrator to install the package 'phpunit' is there any kind of shortcut to create in bash? UPDATE like suggested by the 2 current answers, i tried to run me@myMachine:root/path/of/symfony$ ./vendor/bin/phpunit -v but it returns a permission denied exception despite the fact the current user (me@myMachine) is the fileowner. furthermore, me@myMachine:root/path/of/symfony$ ls -l ./vendor/bin returns -rw-rw-rw- 1 me me 612 Mar 1 09:52 codecept -rw-rw-rw- 1 me me 603 Jan 28 13:50 doctrine -rw-rw-rw- 1 me me 609 Jan 28 13:50 doctrine-dbal -rw-rw-rw- 1 me me 607 Jan 28 13:50 doctrine.php -rw-rw-rw- 1 me me 608 Feb 24 19:20 geotools -rw-rw-rw- 1 me me 603 Mar 1 09:52 phpunit -rw-rw-rw- 1 me me 978 Jan 20 12:15 security-checker and if try to chmod -vR u+x ./vendor/bin it returns as expected a mode of ‘bin/’ changed from 0777 (rwxrwxrwx) to 0766 (rwxrw-rw-) mode of ‘bin/phpunit’ changed from 0666 (rw-rw-rw-) to 0766 (rwxrw-rw-) but me@myMachine:root/path/of/symfony$ ls -l ./vendor/bin returns again -rw-rw-rw- 1 me me 612 Mar 1 09:52 codecept -rw-rw-rw- 1 me me 603 Jan 28 13:50 doctrine -rw-rw-rw- 1 me me 609 Jan 28 13:50 doctrine-dbal -rw-rw-rw- 1 me me 607 Jan 28 13:50 doctrine.php -rw-rw-rw- 1 me me 608 Feb 24 19:20 geotools -rw-rw-rw- 1 me me 603 Mar 1 09:52 phpunit -rw-rw-rw- 1 me me 978 Jan 20 12:15 security-checker like the chmod wasnt taken into account. UPDATE 2 apparently, this issue is related to Vagrant. I re-installed symfony completly, in 2.8 and 3.0 version, and the problem remains the same. i found this similar issue and therefore choosed to install phpUnit globally composer global require phpunit/phpunit and then run phpunit -v again. This time, the command is found but i got the following error me@myMachine:/path/to/symfony/root$ phpunit -v PHPUnit 4.8.23 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors. Runtime: PHP 5.6.14-1+deb.sury.org~trusty+1 Configuration: /var/www/public/symfony/sgv3/sgv3/phpunit.xml.dist . 1 / 1 (100%) Time: 6.86 seconds, Memory: 27.75Mb PHP Fatal error: Call to undefined method PHPUnit_Framework_TestResult::warningCount() in /home/vagrant/.composer/vendor/phpunit/phpunit/src/TextUI/ResultPrinter.php on line 185 A: If you install PHPUnit via Composer then its binary will be at vendor/bin/phpunit.
Color dependent optical prefilter for the suppression of aliasing artifacts. Optical prefilters, which make use of the double-refraction effect in crystalline quartz, reduce the amount of aliasing artifacts in the displayed image of a video system. This paper describes anew class of optical prefilter that produces different amounts of blur for different colors. The chromatic variation is obtained by placing a polarization retarder between two quartz crystals. This type of filter is useful with sensors that have unequal pixel densities in the three sensed colors.
Being a Hindu boy I value and rigidly follow all the traditions. Therefore I wish to spend my life with a girl belonging to the same religion. I am a guy who prefer speaking Hindi as I am very comfortable speaking it and I believe that everybody should speak in their mother tongue only.
Introduction ============ The progression of CKD is an increasingly common condition and a considerable proportion of CKD eventually progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), a devastating condition that requires life-long treatments with dialysis or renal allograft transplantation. CKD shares a common appearance of glomerulosclerosis, vascular sclerosis, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis ([@B15]). Among them, tubulointerstitial fibrosis is considered to be the final common pathway for all kidney diseases leading to chronic renal failure ([@B39]). Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is a dynamic process including four overlapping phases: infiltration of inflammatory cells, fibroblast activation and expansion from various sources, production and deposition of a large amount of ECM components, and tubular atrophy and microvascular rarefaction ([@B22]). Any of these pathologic features can contribute to the progression of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in its own unique way. Excessive accumulation of ECM and fibroblast is the main features of tubulointerstitial fibrosis ([@B39]). Process of tubulointerstitial fibrosis involves the interaction of a variety of cytokines and multiple signaling pathways, which leads to tubular atrophy, tubulointerstitial fibrosis and eventually loss of kidney function ([@B3]). Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a key pro-fibrotic mediator in renal fibrosis, mostly by inducing ECM production and proliferation of myofibroblasts and fibroblasts, but also through immunoregulatory functions ([@B3]; [@B12]). Numerous studies indicate that TGF-β and its downstream signaling cascades play an important role in activating cellular pathomechanisms that underlie the progression of renal diseases ([@B1]; [@B9]; [@B18]). Among these downstream signals, Smad signaling is recognized as a major pathway of TGF-β signaling in progressive renal fibrosis. During fibrogenesis, Smad3 is extensively activated ([@B24]). However, Smad7 which is an inhibitory regulator in the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway is down-regulated ([@B21]; [@B31],[@B32]). Activation of Smad3 associated with progressive degradation of Smad7, results in accumulation of myofibroblasts, overproduction of ECM, and reduction in ECM degradation in the kidney ([@B25]). Taken together, TGF-β/Smad signaling axis has a critical role in progression of renal fibrosis. Thus, rebalancing the TGF-β/Smad signaling by downregulating Smad3 and upregulating Smad7 might be an effective strategy for treatment of renal fibrosis. Rhubarb, a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used in China and Japan to treat CKD and reveals promising clinical prospects ([@B20]). In addition, [@B37] reported rhubarb extract significantly decreased BUN and Scr in adenine-induced chronic renal failure rats. [@B40] reported rhubarb extract decreased proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Our previous studies indicated that rhubarb extract improved renal function and attenuated up-regulation of pro-fibrotic proteins including TGF-β1 ([@B43], [@B41]). However, the underlying molecular biology and biochemistry mechanisms of its nephroprotective effect in CKD remain uncertain. Numerous studies have demonstrated UPLC-QTOF/HDMS is the most suitable platform for untargeted metabonomics due to its high analytic speed, high sensitivity, and high resolution for complex biological samples ([@B48],[@B51], [@B45],[@B49]; [@B44]; [@B52]; [@B6]). Recently, metabolomics is widely applied to evaluation of drug efficacy and toxicity in traditional Chinese medicines ([@B50]; [@B8], [@B10], [@B5]; [@B26]; [@B34]). In this work, a non-targeted metabolomics approach was applied to investigate the metabolic profiling and the response to treatment with three different rhubarb extracts including PE, EA, and BU in rats with adenine-induced CKD. Additionally, we hypothesize that rhubarb extracts exert their nephroprotective effect by rebalancing disturbed TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. To validate our hypothesis, we would focus on the changes in TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in response to the treatment with rhubarb extracts. Materials and Methods {#s1} ===================== Chemicals and Reagents ---------------------- Creatinine, arachidonic acid (AA), docosahexaenoic acid and uric acid were obtained from the National Institutes for Food and Drug Control. L-valine was purchased from Amresco Company. Kynurenic acid, hypotaurine were purchased from Sigma Company or Aladdin Company. Antibodies against transforming growth factor-β 1 (TGF-β1), TGF-β RII, TGF-β RI, Smad2, Smad3, p-Smad2, p-Smad3, Smad4, Smad7, α-SMA, collagen I, fibronectin, E-cadherin, FSP1, vimentin, collagen III, and GAPDH were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Cell Signaling Technology, or Abcam Company. Ultra purity water was prepared using a Milli-Q water purification system (Billerica, MA, United States). Other chemicals were of analytical grade, and their purity was above 99.5%. Preparation of Rhubarb Extracts ------------------------------- Rhubarb was ground to powder and the powder was sieved by 20 meshes. Then rhubarb powder (2 kg) was extracted with 15 L 95% ethanol for 30 min by ultrasonic method for three times. The resulting extract was concentrated under pressure to yield a brown ethanol extract. The ethanol extract obtained was partitioned between water and three organic solvents with different polarities (BU\> EA\> PE), to yield three new fractions including PE, EA, and BU extracts. Animal Model and Treatment With Rhubarb Extracts ------------------------------------------------ Male Sprague-Dawley rats (8 weeks old) were randomized to divide into the following five groups: control group (n = 16), CKD group (n = 16), CKD+PE group (n = 8), CKD+EA group (n = 8), and CKD+BU group (n = 8). CKD, CKD+PE, CKD+EA, and CKD+BU groups were orally administrated 200 mg/kg body weight of adenine dissolved in 1% (w/v) gum acacia solution once a day continuously for 3 weeks. Control group was similarly provided an equal volume of gum acacia solution. During the adenine gastric gavage periods, after 3 h, CKD+PE, CKD+EA, and CKD+BU groups were administered PE extract (800 mg/kg), EA extract (200 mg/kg), and BU extract (600 mg/kg) by gastric irrigation, respectively, during 6 weeks study periods. The same amount of rhubarb powder was used to yield the PE (800 mg/kg), EA (200 mg/kg), and BU (600 mg/kg) extracts. The administrated dosage of PE, EA, and BU/kg body weight in rats was 20 times the dosage of rhubarb recommended for humans by the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. All the rats were anesthetized with 10% urethane, and blood samples were obtained by carotid artery cannula at week 6. Blood was centrifuged at 13000 rpm for 10 min at 4°C and the supernatant was collected and stored at -80°C for the biochemistry analysis. The left kidney was harvested and immediately washed with physiological saline and stored at -80°C for the following histological and metabolomic study. This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Northwest University and studies were performed in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals defined by Ethical Committee of Northwest University. Biochemical Analyses -------------------- Plasma biochemistry was analyzed as described in detail previously ([@B56]). Biochemical parameters were measured using an Olympus AU640 automatic analyzer. Semiquantitation of Renal Phenotypes by Light Microscopic Study --------------------------------------------------------------- Sections of the paraffin-embedded kidney tissues were cut at a thickness of 2 μm and stained with hematoxylin and eosin reagent. Tubular lesions were characterized by tubular dilation and epithelial desquamation with interstitial expansions. The degree of severity were determined based on the extent of cortical involvement on a scale from 0 to 4: 0, normal cortex; 1, less than 25% of the injured cortex areas; 2, 26 to 50% of the injured cortex areas; 3, 51 to 75% of the injured cortex areas; 4, extensive damage involving more than 75% of the injured cortex areas. Then they were expressed as tubular injury scores ([@B27]). Masson's trichrome staining was performed as described previously ([@B42]). Immunohistochemistry -------------------- Immunohistochemical staining of kidney tissues were assessed as described in detail previously ([@B42]). In brief, the paraffin sections were deparafinized, rehydrated, and immersed in 3% hydrogen peroxide to block endogenous peroxidase activity. After blocking, the sections were incubated with antibodies against TGF-β1 (dilution 1: 300; Abcam, United States), TGF-β RII (dilution 1:200; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, United States), TGFβRI (dilution 1:100), p-Smad2 (dilution 1:200; Cell Signaling Technology, United States), Smad2 (dilution 1:300; Cell Signaling Technology, United States), p-Smad3 (dilution 1:200; Cell Signaling Technology, United States), Smad3 (dilution 1:100; Cell Signaling Technology, United States), Smad4 (dilution 1:100; Cell Signaling Technology, United States), Smad7 (dilution 1:50; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, United States), collagen I (dilution 1:800; Abcam, United States), fibronectin (dilution 1:500; Abcam, United States), and α-SMA (dilution 1:75; Abcam, United States), then incubated with the horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit (ab6721, Abcam, United States) or goat anti-mouse (A21010, Abbkine, United States) secondary antibodies. All histological assays were assessed in ten randomly selected non-overlapping fields at ×400 magnifications. They were photographed and measured by using Image-Pro Plus, version 6.0. Western Blotting Analysis ------------------------- All the Western blotting analyses were performed as described previously ([@B55]; [@B4],[@B11]; [@B33]). Proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gel and transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes (10600023, Amersham^TM^ Hybond^TM^, GE Healthcare, United States) by electroblotting. After blocking in Tween-20 buffer and non-fat milk blocking buffer, the membranes were incubated at 4°C over-night with primary antibodies against proteins including E-cadherin (1:500, Abcam, United States), FSP1 (1:1000, Abcam, United States), vimentin (1:200, Abcam, United States), and collagen III (1:5000, Abcam, United States). Membranes were washed and incubated with appropriate horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-mouse (1:5000, Abbkine, United States) and goat anti-rabbit (1:5000, Abcam, United States) secondary antibodies for 1 h. Blots were detected by enhanced chemiluminescence (RPN2232, GE Healthcare, United States) and band density was quantified by Image J 1.48v software. GAPDH served as the internal control. Sample Preparation and UPLC-MS Analysis --------------------------------------- Kidney samples were prepared as described previously ([@B48]). In brief, kidney samples (100 mg) were homogenized in 0.5 mL of acetonitrile in an ice bath. Samples were then vortexed for 2 min, and put on ice in between. Following centrifugation (13,000 rpm, 10 min, 4°C), 300 μL of supernatant was removed and then lyophilized. Before analysis, the extract was resuspended in 100 μL acetonitrile/water (4:1) for UPLC analysis. The UPLC analysis was performed on a 2.1 mm × 100 mm ACQUITY 1.8 μm HSS T3 using a Waters Acquity^TM^ UPLC system equipped with a Waters Xevo^TM^ G2 QT of MS. The mobile phase consisted of water (A) and acetonitrile (B), each containing 0.1% formic acid. The optimized UPLC elution conditions were: 0-2.0 min, 1-60% B; 2.0-6.0 min, 60-85% B; 6.0-8.0 min, 85-99% B; and 8.0-10.0 min, 99.0-1.0% B. The flow rate was 0.45 mL/min. Autosampler was maintained at 4°C. One microliter of sample solution was injected for each run. Mass spectrometry (MS) of the optimal conditions were as follows: capillary voltage: 2.5 kV, cone voltage: 30 V, desolvation gas temperature: 500°C, source temperature: 120°C, desolvation gas flow: 600 L/h, cone gas flow: 50 L/h, The scan range was from 50 to 1200 m/z. Leucine enkephalin was used for accurate mass acquisition. Waters MassLynx v4.1 was used for all the acquisition and analysis of data in both positive ion mode and negative ion mode. Data Analysis ------------- The acquired raw data from UPLC-HDMS analysis in positive and negative ion modes were first pre-processed by Markerlynx XS and Progenesis QI (Waters, Manchester, United Kingdom). The spectral data were conducted by PCA to visualize general clustering, trends, or outliers among the observations. OPLS-DA and PLS-DA was utilized to validate the PCA model and identify the differential metabolites. The variables were selected based on variable importance in the projection (VIP \> 1.0) from the normalized peak intensity. Variables were further selected by Student's t-test of with a threshold of p \< 0.05 in SPSS 19.0. The resulting p-values from Student's t-test were further adjusted by a false discovery rate (FDR) based on the Benjamini--Hochberg method. Fold changes from each group/control group or each group/CKD group and ROC curve was performed by MetaboAnalyst 3.0. Significant variables were identified and confirmed by comparing MS data, MS/MS fragments, molecular weights, and elemental compositions with the available reference chemicals or with available biochemical databases, such as HMDB^[1](#fn01){ref-type="fn"}^, ChemSpider^[2](#fn02){ref-type="fn"}^, and KEGG^[3](#fn03){ref-type="fn"}^. Results ======= Biochemical Parameters ---------------------- As shown in Figure [1A](#F1){ref-type="fig"}, CKD rats had significantly higher cholesterol, triglyceride, creatinine (CREA), and urea in relative to control rats. Treatment with PE, EA, and BU groups could lower the cholesterol, triglyceride CREA, and urea to some degree. Especially, EA-treated (EA+CKD) and BU-treated (BU+CKD) groups showed a significant decrease in serum triglyceride, CREA and urea concentrations in relative to CKD group. PE-treated (PE+CKD) group showed a significant decrease in serum CREA and urea concentrations in relative to CKD group. ![(A) Biochemical parameters including cholesterol, triglyceride, creatinine (CREA), urea in the normal control, CKD+PE, CKD+EA, and CKD+BU groups. (B) Representative photomicrographs of the H&E staining, Masson's trichrome staining, collagen I, Fibronectin, and α-SMA immunohistochemistry from kidney sections in control, CKD, CKD+ PE, CKD+ EA, and CKD+ BU groups. (C) Renal fibrotic protein expression in the five different groups. Expression levels of E-cadherin, FSP1, vimentin, and collagen III proteins were determined in control, CKD, CKD+ PE, CKD+ EA, and CKD+ BU groups by Western blotting. Bar graphs depicted expression intensity of E-cadherin, FSP1, vimentin, and collagen III proteins. GAPDH served as the loading control. ^\#\#^p \< 0.01 compared to controls; ^∗^p \< 0.05, ^∗∗^p \< 0.01 compared to CKD rat.](fphar-09-01029-g001){#F1} Histological Data and Western Blotting -------------------------------------- Representative photomicrographs of the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome stained rats' kidney tissues are shown in Figure [1B](#F1){ref-type="fig"}. Kidney tissues from the CKD rats showed severe tubular dilatation, tubular atrophy, and widened interstitial space with severe inflammatory cell infiltration. The administration of rhubarb extracts significantly attenuated the tubulointerstitial damage (Figure [1B](#F1){ref-type="fig"}). Myofibroblasts characterized by the expression of α-SMA play important roles in development of fibrotic lesions. α-SMA was extensively expressed in renal tubules of the rats with CKD. Apart from α-SMA, other renal fibrotic proteins including fibronectin and collagen I had a high expression in CKD rats. Expressions of all of the above proteins were significantly reduced by treatment with PE, EA, and BU extracts (Figure [1B](#F1){ref-type="fig"}). Western blotting analyses of the kidney tissue extracts also revealed that the same result (Figure [1C](#F1){ref-type="fig"}). Collagen III was extensively expressed in CKD rats and significantly reduced in treatment groups. There was a clearly reduced expression of E-cadherin and increase in expression of the mesenchymal markers vimentin in the CKD group, while expression of E-cadherin was increased and expression of vimentin was decreased in treatment groups. FSP1, a fibroblast marker, was extensively expressed in CKD rats and significantly reduced in treatment groups. TGF-β/Smad Pathway ------------------ Expressions of proteins in TGF-β/Smad pathway in the kidney tissues are shown in Figure [2](#F2){ref-type="fig"}. Kidney tissues obtained from the CKD group showed a significant up-regulation in TGF-β1, TGF-βRI, TGF-βRII, Smad2, p-Smad2, Smad3, p-Smad3, and Smad4 while it showed a significant down-regulation in Smad7, pointing to activation of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Treatments with PE, EA, and BU could markedly attenuate the up-regulation in TGF-β1, TGF-β RI, TGF-β RII, Smad2, p-Smad2, Smad3, p-Smad3, and Smad4 and enhance the down-regulation in Smad7, indicating that rhubarb extracts exert nephroprotective effect by rebalancing the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. ![Representative photomicrographs of the TGF-β1, TGF-β RI, TGF-β RII, Smad2, p-Smad2, Smad3, p-Smad3, Smad4, and Smad7 immunohistochemistry from kidney sections in normal control rat, CKD rat, CKD+PE rat, CKD+EA rat, and CKD+BU rat. ^\#\#^p \< 0.01 compared to controls; ^∗^p \< 0.05, ^∗∗^p \< 0.01 compared to CKD rat.](fphar-09-01029-g002){#F2} Metabolic Profile and Multivariate Analysis ------------------------------------------- Metabolic profiling of tissue samples was acquired using UPLC-QTOF/HDMS in the positive and negative ESI modes. The representative total ion chromatograms of all groups are presented in Supplementary Figure [S1](#SM1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}. To evaluate the alterations of metabolome in CKD rats, an unsupervised PCA was performed using data from CKD group and control group. PCA score plots could readily be divided into two clusters (Figures [3A,B](#F3){ref-type="fig"}), indicating that plasma metabolic states of CKD group were significantly changed in relative to control group. On the other hand, CKD+PE, CKD+EA, and CKD+BU affected the metabolite variations in different directions and PCA analysis showed a clear separation between these three groups and the untreated CKD group (Figures [3C,D](#F3){ref-type="fig"}). PLS-DA was employed to select the differential metabolites from control and CKD groups. Initially, 191 and 150 variables with PLS-DA based on VIP values greater than 1.0 in positive ion and negative ion modes were selected. Among them, 22 and 23 metabolites were identified according to our previously reported methods ([@B46],[@B47]). Subsequently, these 45 metabolites were further selected using Student's t-test (p \< 0.05) with a FDR \< 0.05. Finally 40 differentially expressed metabolites were selected and summarized in Table [1](#T1){ref-type="table"}. ![Metabolomic profiling of tissue samples. (A) PCA scores plot from CKD samples and control samples in positive ion mode. (B) PCA scores plot from CKD samples and control samples in negative ion mode. (C) PCA scores plot of comparing control, CKD, CKD+PE, CKD+EA, and CKD+BU groups in positive ion mode. (D) PCA scores plot of comparing control, CKD, CKD+PE, CKD+EA, and CKD+BU groups in positive ion mode. (E) Heat maps for 21 altered metabolites. Red and blue indicate increased and decreased levels, respectively. Rows, metabolites; columns, tissue samples.](fphar-09-01029-g003){#F3} ###### Differential metabolites from different groups at weeks 6. Primary ID CKD vs. Control CKD+PE vs. CKD CKD+EA vs. CKD CKD+BU vs. CKD --------------------------------------- ----------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------- ------ ------ ---------- ------ ---------- ------ ---------- 3-Hydroxybutyric acid \+ 2.23 0.55 9.28E-09 6.50E-08 0.99 1.21 1.56E-01 1.19 2.07E-01 1.55 1.04E-04 L-valine \+ 2.23 1.98 1.81E-09 3.81E-08 1.00 0.96 5.29E-01 1.19 6.28E-02 1.39 2.83E-04 Beta-citryl-L-glutamic acid \+ 2.20 0.76 1.86E-06 3.00E-06 0.92 0.85 3.29E-04 0.79 2.14E-05 0.81 6.68E-05 2-Methylfuran \+ 2.17 0.53 2.86E-08 8.57E-08 1.00 1.20 2.16E-01 1.13 4.29E-01 1.51 2.82E-04 PE(16:0/P-16:0) \+ 2.17 1.57 2.36E-08 8.26E-08 0.96 1.10 3.90E-02 1.20 1.05E-03 1.25 4.33E-07 LPC(18:1) \+ 2.16 11.33 7.65E-08 1.46E-07 0.98 0.78 2.36E-01 0.08 4.34E-08 0.07 2.08E-08 PC(36:5) \+ 2.16 1.72 1.34E-08 7.03E-08 1.00 1.06 3.04E-01 1.23 2.31E-02 1.79 1.22E-06 Octacosanoic acid \+ 2.15 1.50 9.19E-09 9.65E-08 0.98 1.03 5.40E-01 1.20 6.44E-03 1.16 1.66E-03 Guanosine triphosphate \+ 2.14 13.83 1.90E-08 7.98E-08 1.00 0.68 6.77E-02 0.07 1.90E-08 0.14 1.90E-08 7-Ketocholesterol \+ 2.14 4.55 3.75E-07 6.56E-07 0.97 1.27 2.07E-01 0.22 6.75E-07 0.26 4.23E-07 PC(20:2/22:5) \+ 2.11 5.28 3.62E-08 8.45E-08 0.97 1.27 4.10E-02 1.28 8.44E-02 1.47 2.92E-04 Docosahexaenoic acid \+ 2.11 2.56 2.87E-08 7.53E-08 0.97 1.55 5.25E-08 1.49 2.29E-04 2.29 1.84E-05 5-Hydroxy-6-methoxyindole glucuronide \+ 2.08 0.39 5.61E-08 1.18E-07 0.95 1.72 5.73E-02 1.47 2.11E-01 1.08 7.56E-01 Hexadecenal \+ 2.06 0.88 3.36E-03 4.15E-03 0.91 0.82 5.35E-07 0.76 2.01E-08 0.74 1.18E-10 Cervonoyl ethanolamide \+ 2.06 2.36 2.35E-06 3.52E-06 0.90 1.09 3.40E-01 1.03 7.90E-01 1.70 2.59E-04 Hexadecanedioic acid \+ 1.55 0.57 3.08E-04 4.32E-04 0.85 1.80 1.31E-02 1.52 4.79E-02 1.68 2.50E-02 Kynurenic acid \+ 1.45 0.75 1.81E-03 2.37E-03 0.81 1.51 2.43E-05 0.63 3.20E-05 1.48 2.00E-02 Phenylpyruvic acid \+ 1.34 0.89 1.09E-02 1.27E-02 0.71 1.39 1.35E-02 1.11 1.93E-01 1.05 4.10E-01 Niacinamide \+ 1.24 0.87 2.83E-02 2.83E-02 0.70 1.50 8.92E-03 1.15 1.25E-01 1.07 3.13E-01 Uracil \+ 1.15 0.71 1.11E-02 1.23E-02 0.78 1.19 1.10E-01 0.73 2.74E-02 1.79 4.16E-03 Hypotaurine \+ 1.13 0.66 2.50E-02 2.62E-02 0.72 1.42 7.07E-02 1.92 7.25E-04 0.88 5.12E-01 Uric acid \+ 1.38 1.60 1.82E-04 2.67E-04 0.87 1.24 6.02E-02 2.12 2.41E-05 3.15 7.95E-12 Stearic acid -- 2.12 1.83 4.88E-08 2.20E-07 0.96 0.86 2.39E-02 0.84 1.59E-01 0.62 7.27E-04 MG(18:3) -- 2.03 1.65 1.52E-07 5.47E-07 0.96 0.87 2.37E-02 0.75 2.85E-03 0.53 5.72E-07 Diaminopimelic acid -- 1.97 1.72 1.63E-08 2.93E-07 0.98 0.86 1.56E-03 1.12 1.90E-01 0.34 4.83E-06 Uridine -- 1.97 1.44 4.75E-08 2.85E-07 1.00 1.14 1.84E-02 1.00 9.56E-01 1.24 6.51E-02 5-Methoxydimethyltryptamine -- 1.93 0.37 2.07E-08 1.86E-07 0.95 1.80 5.57E-03 0.72 2.24E-01 2.48 3.51E-03 Palmitic acid -- 1.89 1.49 3.11E-05 4.31E-05 0.89 0.74 2.55E-04 0.90 4.96E-01 0.91 4.00E-01 Phenyllactic acid -- 1.89 0.73 4.02E-06 8.04E-06 0.92 1.10 2.25E-01 0.73 1.61E-04 0.91 3.23E-01 Adrenic acid -- 1.83 1.89 9.10E-05 1.09E-04 0.84 1.21 8.82E-02 1.11 6.33E-01 1.43 2.98E-02 Glycocholic acid -- 1.79 0.48 8.72E-06 1.31E-05 0.95 0.88 4.86E-01 2.46 3.19E-06 2.55 2.26E-03 Linolenic acid -- 1.79 1.27 8.30E-05 1.07E-04 0.89 0.84 4.50E-04 0.82 2.00E-02 0.78 3.49E-04 MG(20:0) -- 1.76 0.26 2.36E-06 6.07E-06 1.00 0.17 4.55E-07 0.08 3.06E-08 0.03 6.21E-09 Fumaric acid -- 1.73 1.27 5.75E-06 1.04E-05 0.92 1.05 1.98E-01 1.07 1.33E-01 0.94 4.54E-01 Indoleacetaldehyde -- 1.73 0.40 1.93E-06 5.80E-06 0.93 1.88 8.89E-04 0.78 4.18E-01 2.13 2.69E-03 3-Hydroxyisoheptanoic acid -- 1.72 1.76 3.27E-06 7.36E-06 0.94 0.77 2.84E-03 0.94 4.36E-01 4.32 2.92E-02 Vaccenic acid -- 1.70 1.30 6.41E-06 1.05E-05 0.92 1.06 2.10E-01 1.20 3.69E-03 0.76 9.07E-03 Arachidonic acid -- 1.63 1.52 6.97E-04 7.84E-04 0.84 1.14 1.65E-01 0.91 4.25E-01 1.20 1.14E-01 Docosapentaenoic acid -- 1.35 1.48 2.27E-02 2.27E-02 0.72 0.92 5.09E-01 1.21 3.92E-01 1.17 4.05E-01 Linoleic acid -- 1.29 1.52 2.06E-02 2.18E-02 0.73 0.89 4.12E-01 1.13 5.78E-01 1.04 8.26E-01 a VIP was obtained from PLS-DA model with a threshold of 1.0. b FC was obtained by comparing CKD group vs. control group or each group vs. CKD group; FC with a value \>1 indicated a relatively higher intensity, whereas a value \<1 indicated a relatively lower intensity. c p-Values from Student's t -test. d Value of FDR was obtained from the adjusted p -value of FDR correction by Benjamini--Hochberg method. Based on the data presented in Table [1](#T1){ref-type="table"}, we found out that treatment with EA, BU, and PE extracts exerted some therapeutic effects by normalizing or partially reversing the CKD-induced alterations in the 21 biomarker metabolites. This result is consistent with the observed improvements in serum biochemical parameters and findings. Then a heatmap was performed to visualize the relative levels of the 21 differential metabolites in each group (Figure [3E](#F3){ref-type="fig"}). The relationships of the differential metabolites were analyzed by hierarchical clustering analyses (Figure [4A](#F4){ref-type="fig"}). These metabolites were clustered into three groups in the light of their fold change (CKD/Control). Another independent cohort of tissue samples (8 controls and 8 CKD rats) was analyzed to validate the reliability of these 21 differential metabolites. The results confirmed that the 21 metabolites could separate CKD rats from the controls (Figures [4B](#F4){ref-type="fig"}--[D](#F4){ref-type="fig"}). ![(A) Hierarchical clustering dendrogram of the identified significant metabolites. The (B) 2D PCA and (D) 3D PCA score scatter plot using 21 differential metabolites from 8 CKD rats and 8 control rats. The unsupervised PCA score plots showed that 21 differential metabolites could separate CKD group from the control group. (C) Different principal components have a different contribution to separating CKD from healthy controls in this study. Red triangles and green crosses represent CKD samples and control samples, respectively. (E) Associations of metabolites with clinical indices. Heat map of the Pearson's rank correlation coefficient between 4 clinical indices and 21 differential metabolites.](fphar-09-01029-g004){#F4} To investigate the association of significant alterations in metabolome with severity of CKD, we performed Pearson rank correlation to directly measure the correlations between 4 clinical indices and the 21 differential metabolites (Figure [4E](#F4){ref-type="fig"}). The analysis showed that 3-hydroxybutyric acid, 2-methylfuran, glycocholic acid, linolenic acid and indoleacetaldehyde were negatively correlated while phenylpyruvic acid, niacinamide, and uracil were positively correlated with cholesterol. LPC(18:1), hexadecanedioic acid, kynurenic acid, phenylpyruvic acid, niacinamide, uracil, and hypotaurine were negatively correlated while linolenic acid, indoleacetaldehyde and 3-hydroxyisoheptanoic acid were positively correlated with triglyceride. 3-hydroxybutyric acid, 2-methylfuran, hexadecanedioic acid, kynurenic acid, glycocholic acid and linolenic acid were positively correlated while uracil, hypotaurine, diaminopimelic acid and 5-methoxydimethyltryptamine were negatively correlated with creatinine. LPC(18:1), guanosine triphosphate, 7-ketocholesterol, hexadecanedioic acid, kynurenic acid, phenylpyruvic acid, niacinamide, uracil, and hypotaurine were negatively correlated while indoleacetaldehyde and 3-hydroxyisoheptanoic acid were positively correlated with urea. Figure [5](#F5){ref-type="fig"} showed the intensities of 21 individual metabolites and their receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). ![Relative concentrations of the 21 metabolites in control, CKD, CKD+PE, CKD+EA, and CKD+BU groups (A) and their receiver operating characteristic curves (B). ^∗^p \< 0.05, ^∗∗^p \< 0.01 compared to control group; ^+^p \< 0.05, ^++^p \< 0.01 compared to CKD group.](fphar-09-01029-g005){#F5} Discussion ========== Adenine-induced CKD model characterized by severe tubulointerstitial nephropathy has been widely used to study CKD ([@B46],[@B53]). Long-term feeding of adenine to rats produced metabolic abnormalities resembling chronic renal insufficiency in humans ([@B38]). This result has been confirmed by biochemical and histological findings ([@B43]). TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway plays a key role in renal fibrosis, which has been widely accepted ([@B24], [@B25]). TGF-β1 binds TGF-β RII to activate TGF-β RI and phosphorylates the downstream receptor-associated R-Smads, including Smad2 and Smad3 ([@B35]). Then the p-Smad2 and p-Smad3 form a heteromeric complex with a common Smad, Smad4, and translocates into the nucleus to induce the transcription of target genes in collaboration with various co-activators and co-repressors. Smad4 is a common Smad for TGF-β/BMP signaling and plays a critical role for shuttling Smad2/3 and Smad1/5/8 into the nucleus ([@B12]). Of note is that Smad7, an inhibitory Smad, can be induced by TGF-β1 to block the over activation of TGF-β signals via inhibition of TGF-β RI and Smad2/3 ([@B9],[@B12]). TGF-β1 not only induces Smad7 transcription, but also promotes the degradation of Smad7 by activating the Smad3-dependent Smurfs/arkadia-mediated ubiquitin--proteasome degradation pathway ([@B12]). In CKD group, due to the high level of active TGF-β1, the level of Smad7 is significantly decreased. In Figure [2](#F2){ref-type="fig"}, the expression of TGF-β1 and its receptors increased in CKD rats. The level of downstream proteins such as Smad2, Smad3, p-Smad2, p-Smad3, and Smad4 increased in CKD rats too. In addition, the expression of Smad7 was down-regulated in CKD rats. These results indicated the activation of TGF-β/Smad signaling axis. Up-regulation of TGF-β1, TGF-β RI, TGF-β RII, Smad2, p-Smad2, Smad3, p-Smad3, and Smad4 can be significantly down-regulated by the treatments with PE, EA, and BU. Down-regulation of Smad7 can be significantly up-regulated by the treatments with PE, EA, and BU. These data indicated that rhubarb extracts protected rats from the development of renal fibrosis by rebalancing the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Thus, targeting TGF-β/Smad signaling may represent a specific and effective therapy for CKD associated with renal fibrosis. On the basis of our metabolomic findings, 191 and 150 altered metabolites were found in positive ion and negative ion modes. After the comprehensive screening and validation workflow, 40 differential metabolites were eventually identified which contribute to differentiating CKD rats from controls and they reflected dysregulation of the metabolic pathways including tryptophan metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, and TCA cycle (Figure [6](#F6){ref-type="fig"}). The 21 abnormal altered metabolites could be normalized or partially reversed by the treatment with EA, BU, or PE extracts. Four out of 21 metabolites including hexadecanedioic acid, kynurenic acid, MG(18:3), and linolenic acid were improved in all three rhubarb extract groups. 3-hydroxybutyric acid, 2-methylfuran, uracil and vaccenic acid were improved only in BU group. Hypotaurine was improved only in EA group. Phenylpyruvic acid, niacinamide and palmitic acid were improved only in PE group. ![Pathway analysis of the differential metabolites. (A) Pathway analysis of 40 differential metabolites. The size and color of each circle was based on pathway impact value and p-value, respectively. (B) Metabolic pathways were visualized by means of cytoscape software. The differential metabolites in our study were represented by red hexagons. Hexagons with green lines mean that the alteration of the biomarkers in CKD had statistical significance. The size of hexagons indicated the FC of the corresponding metabolite in CKD in relative to controls. In addition, pink hexagons indicated metabolites participating in the metabolic pathway but not been detected in our study. Diamonds mean that the metabolites convert to the products by the reactions.](fphar-09-01029-g006){#F6} Glycerophospholipids are the fundamental components of the cell membranes. Apart from their function in cell membranes, they play an important role in other cellular processes such as signal induction and transport. Glycerophospholipids metabolize to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) by the addition or transfer of the fatty acid chains to the glycerol backbone. LPA convert to the next intermediate phosphatidic acid (PA) by acylation. PA can be dephosphorylated leading to the formation of diacylglycerol which is essential in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) ([@B14]). PC can then be further converted to other species of glcerophospholipids such as phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) ([@B14]). A growing number of studies have indicated that abnormal glycerophospholipids metabolism contributes to the progression of renal disease in patients and animals models. Increase in LPC(18:1), PC(20:2/22:5), PC(36:5), PE(16:0/P-16:0), MG(18:3), and decrease in MG(20:0) were observed in rats with CKD. Significantly increased PC and PE is in agreement with a previous report on the levels of PC and PE in POKO mice which exhibit rapid progression of renal disease ([@B23]) and in adenine-induced CKD rats ([@B42]). Increased LPC (18:1) can be reversed to normal level in CKD rats by the treatments with EA and BU extracts. Increased MG (18:3) can be reversed to normal level in CKD rats by the treatments with PE, EA, and BU extracts. Fatty acids are precursors of various biologically important molecules such as triglycerides, phospholipids, second messengers, local hormones, and ketone bodies ([@B2]). Fatty acids, an important source of energy for animal, can be completely oxidized to CO~2~ and water by β-oxidation and the citric acid cycle. This process yields the most ATP on an energy per gram basis compared to the other common nutrients including carbohydrates and protein. Accumulation of FFA and SFA are strongly related to higher risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with kidney disease ([@B16]). It has been reported that the serum levels of free fatty acids (FFA) and SFA are significantly increased in patients with kidney disease ([@B7]). [@B30] reported that FFA and SFA increased significantly in prehemodialysis patients in relative to the healthy subjects and they decreased significantly after hemodialysis. In addition, [@B19] found that humans and mice with tubulointerstitial fibrosis had lower expression of key enzymes and regulators of fatty acid oxidation and increased intracellular lipid deposition. Moreover, the level of a number of FFA including docosahexaenoic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, linolenic acid, AA increased in CD36 transgenic mice of kidney fibrosis in relative to controls ([@B19]). In our study, docosahexaenoic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, linolenic acid, AA increased significantly in CKD rats compared to controls, which is consistent with abovementioned report. Besides, increased level of some other FFA, for instance octacosanoic acid, adrenic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and linoleic acid were also observed in the CKD rats compared to controls. Restoration of fatty acid oxidation by genetic or pharmacological methods could effectively protect mice from the development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis ([@B19]). Our results showed that treatments with PE, EA, or BU extracts reversed the rise in stearic acid, palmitic acid, and linolenic acid to normal level in CKD rats, indicating that rhubarb extracts exert renoprotective effect by partially improving the fatty acid metabolism. Hypotaurine is a product of enzyme cysteamine dioxygenase in taurine and hypotaurine metabolism pathway. It function as an antioxidant and a protective agent ([@B28]). Previous study found markedly alterations in oxidative stress in early stage CKD. In particular, the free-radical scavengers hypotaurine were decreased in the urine of patients, but conversely hypotaurine and taurine were increased in the serum ([@B17]). Low level of the hypotaurine was observed in the tissue samples of CKD rats compared to the controls. Treatment with the EA extract reversed the increase in hypotaurine to normal levels in CKD rats. Additionally, we found decreased hypotaurine were negative correlated with triglyceride and urea in CKD rats. Uric acid is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism ([@B36]). Abnormality of the uric acid concentration is sensitive indicator of certain pathological states, including gout, hyperuricemia, renal failure, toxemia during pregnancy ([@B13]). Previous study indicated plasma uric acid increased significantly in patients with ESRD and fell after hemodialysis ([@B29]). High level of uric acid in blood causes deposition of urate crystals, which could ultimately lead to chronic joint inflammation and kidney damage. In our study, uric acid showed a significant increase in CKD rats which is in agreement with previous reports. Conclusion ========== Adenine-induced chronic tubulointerstitial fibrosis showed the activation of TGF-β/Smad signaling axis as well as marked abnormalities in tryptophan metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, and TCA cycle. Treatments with PE, EA, and BU extracts of rhubarb attenuated kidney injury, improved renal function, partially reversed abnormalities of tissue metabolome and suppressed renal fibrosis by rebalancing the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Author Contributions ==================== Z-HZ, S-CM, and Y-YZ designed the experiments. M-HL, DL, HC, and Y-YZ collected and analyzed the data. Z-HZ and Y-YZ wrote the manuscript. N-HT and D-QC revised the paper. All authors read and approved the paper. Conflict of Interest Statement ============================== The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Funding. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 81703691 and 81673578). <http://www.hmdb.ca/> <http://www.chemspider.com/> [www.kegg.jp](http://www.kegg.jp) Supplementary Material ====================== The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: <https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2018.01029/full#supplementary-material> ###### Click here for additional data file. α-SMA : alpha smooth muscle actin BU : n-butanol extract CKD : chronic kidney disease EA : ethyl acetate extract ECM : extracellular matrix FFA : free fatty acids FSP1 : fibroblast-specific protein 1 GAPDH : glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase PCA : principal component analysis PE : petroleum ether extract PLS-DA : partial least squares-discriminant analysis SFA : saturated fatty acids TGF-β RI : transforming growth factor-β receptor I TGF-β RII : transforming growth factor-β receptor II TGF-β : transforming growth factor-β VIP : variable importance in the projection [^1]: Edited by: Cheorl-Ho Kim, Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea [^2]: Reviewed by: Jianxin Chen, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China; Kai Xiao, The Second Military Medical University, China [^3]: ^†^Co-first authors [^4]: This article was submitted to Ethnopharmacology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Pharmacology
Pages Quilt heaboard Purchase a wooden drapery rod, two brackets, and hanging hardware from a home-supply store. Paint the drapery rod and brackets to match the bedroom walls, and let dry. Install the brackets above the bed, positioning them at the desired height, and put the rod in place. Drape the quilt over the rod, lining up the bottom edges so that it hangs evenly. I'd hang something like a grand old silk sari to give it an Indian flavour and a burst of rich colour. What do you think?
826 F.2d 1059Unpublished Disposition NOTICE: Fourth Circuit I.O.P. 36.6 states that citation of unpublished dispositions is disfavored except for establishing res judicata, estoppel, or the law of the case and requires service of copies of cited unpublished dispositions of the Fourth Circuit.James N. FLEMING, Plaintiff-Appellant,v.M. E. GIBSON, individually and as partner; Shelby J.Marshall, individually and in her official capacity; RobertBuriak, individually and in his official capacity; Thomas E.Albro, individually and as partner; Smith, Taggart, GibsonAlbro; Lloyd T. Smith, Jr., individually and as partner;John K. Taggart, III, individually and as partner; W.Bedford Moore, III; Larry J. McElwain, individually and inhis official capacity, Defendant-Appellee. No. 86-1717 United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit. Submitted April 27, 1987.Decided Aug. 14, 1987. J. Benjamin Dick, Law Offices of J. Benjamin Disk, on brief, for appellant. James C. Roberts, Russell V. Palmore, Jr., George A. Somerville, Mays & Valentine; Albert M. Orgain, IV, Henry M. Massie, Jr., Robert B. Delano, Jr., Sands, Anderson, Marks & Miller; Mary Sue Terry, Attorney General, James T. Moore, III, Senior Assistant Attorney General, Guy W. Horsley, Jr., Senior Assistant Attorney General, on brief, for appellees. Before WIDENER, JAMES DICKSON PHILLIPS, and SPROUSE, Circuit Judges. PER CURIAM: 1 James N. Fleming brought this action alleging federal claims based on 42 U.S.C. Secs. 1981, 1983, 1985 and 1986, and a state law claim for fraud, all stemming from the various defendants' roles in obtaining payment on a $233,000 letter of credit posted by him to secure an appeal bond. The district court granted the defendants' motions to dismiss and for summary judgment and entered judgment in their favor. 2 On appeal, Fleming argues that the defendants deprived him of his property without due process of law, in violation of 42 U.S.C. Sec. 1983. The district court twice considered this claim and on both occasions properly concluded that there was no due process violation under Hudson v. Palmer, 468 U.S. 517 (1984), and Parratt v. Taylor, 451 U.S. 527 (1981). We affirm the dismissal of this claim on the reasoning of the district court. Fleming v. Gibson, C/A No. 86-150-R (E.D.Va., Nov. 13, 1986). 3 Fleming also argues that the district court erroneously dismissed his case with prejudice for lack of jurisdiction. This argument is without merit. The district court disposed of all the claims raised by Fleming on the merits. Therefore its final order dismissing the case with prejudice was correct. 4 We grant the appellees' motion for leave to file addenda to brief. We dispense with oral argument because the dispositive issues recently have been decided authoritatively, and the facts and legal arguments are adequately presented in the briefs and record. 5 AFFIRMED.
Q: what is it called if numbers $a$ and $b$ are such that their sum is equal to unity Question: Is there a way to definitionally describe rational numbers $a$ and $b$ when $a+b=1$? Answer: My guess is that $a$ and $b$ may be defined as `unitary additive complements,' but this is just a guess. A: In the same way that the error function, erf($x$), and the complementary error function, erfc($x$), sum to one (i.e., erf($x$) + erfc($x$) = 1) [1], so too then are $a$ and $b$ complementary under addition if $a + b = 1$. [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_function#Complementary_error_function
Q: When to use Parasitic Constructor Pattern Why should Parasitic constructor pattern be used with caution and when it would be appropriate to use that pattern? A: I think this is going to be largely a matter of style and opinion. YMMV. But there's a few issues involved I can think of. The biggest one is that you're likely in one of two edge cases. Either the "class" you're creating with the Parasitic Constructor is going to be instantiated a very small number of times (1, maybe 2) -- in which case you might as well just instantiate the "superclass" and augment it with a given method manually -- or you're going to be instantiating it a larger number of times in which case having your extra method exist in a prototype object is going to yield some efficiency gains. I'd also add that deep class structures in general have an overhead. Defining a class that's "everything this other class has BUT with JUST ONE MORE METHOD" means you're adding a layer to your hierarchy for one little detail. Maybe necessary sometimes, but it's also possibly a warning flag that your class hierarchy may not be designed effectively in the first place. (I'd also note that if you read the entire link wsanville mentioned in the comments, you'll see at the end that Crockford states more or less that he's realized the classical model, particularly involving a proliferative and/or deep hierarchy, is often unnecessary in JavaScript and possibly even "a mistake." This often matches my experience. There are problem domains where modeling using a hierarchy of classes still feels natural, and it's good to know the various techniques for supporting that easily in JavaScript, but it's often effective to stick to prototypical objects and functions as well.)
Child's room broom£14.50 – £16.50 Red painted beechwood and horsehair, waxed beech handle. Redecker have been hand making brushes using traditional methods since 1935. Still a small family concern their range and quality is second to none. In 2 sizes, the smaller nominally for 1-3 year olds, measures just under 80cm, the larger for 3-8 years about a metre.
769 In base 4, what is -3120 - 1332132? -2001312 In base 10, what is 1428 - 331114? -329686 In base 15, what is 6d99 - 473? 6926 In base 14, what is -dd + -b039? -b138 In base 11, what is -35827 - -260? -35577 In base 16, what is -cac + 145e6? 1393a In base 2, what is -10110101110100000001 + -1111? -10110101110100010000 In base 13, what is -113 - 40010? -40123 In base 11, what is 18 + -89535a? -895342 In base 6, what is 11431355 - 454? 11430501 In base 5, what is 1 + 3443111111? 3443111112 In base 11, what is -7845 + -994? -8729 In base 11, what is 296 - 912a40? -912755 In base 13, what is -1 - 12521c10? -12521c11 In base 7, what is 1 + 2005126354? 2005126355 In base 16, what is 3fb - -3? 3fe In base 3, what is 201011 + 1221020? 2122101 In base 4, what is 102021010103 + 12? 102021010121 In base 11, what is -14920225 - 0? -14920225 In base 7, what is 16411126160 - -5? 16411126165 In base 15, what is 75 - 173762? -1736dc In base 9, what is 350236124 + 4? 350236128 In base 9, what is -64383248 - -16? 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In 2014, the Task Force on Myocardial Revascularization of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) with the special contribution of the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI) published a comprehensive set of recommendations on myocardial revascularization in patients presenting with acute or chronic coronary artery disease (CAD).[@CR1] In the United States, pertinent guidance on this topic has been published by the American College of Cardiology (ACC), American Heart Association (AHA), and other relevant societies in multiple guideline documents that have been published in recent years.[@CR2]--[@CR10] This document brings together European and American recommendations on myocardial revascularization for side-by-side comparison; class (I, II or III) and level of evidence (A, B or C) are shown for each recommendation (Tables [1](#Tab1){ref-type="table"}, [2](#Tab2){ref-type="table"}, [3](#Tab3){ref-type="table"}, [4](#Tab4){ref-type="table"}, [5](#Tab5){ref-type="table"}, [6](#Tab6){ref-type="table"} and Figures [1](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"}, [2](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"}). This is followed by two Editorial comments that reflect on the similarities and the differences between European and American guidance and the relevance of these to clinical practice. This represents the second of a new series of comparative guidelines review; the first of these focused on the recently published ACC/AHA and ESC/ESA guidelines for the cardiovascular evaluation and management of patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery.[@CR11]--[@CR13] Table 1Indications for diagnostic imaging in patients with suspected CADRecommendationESC/EACTSACC/AHAClassLOEClassLOEFunctional imaging^\^ is recommended in patients with intermediate^†^ probability of CAD[@CR1],[@CR2]IAI^‡^BInvasive angiography is recommended in patients with\ ESC: high probability of CAD[@CR1]\ ACC/AHA: unacceptable ischemic symptoms despite optimal medical therapy and who are amenable to, and candidates for, coronary revascularization[@CR3]IAICCTA is recommended in patients with intermediate probability of disease[@CR1],[@CR2]IIaAII^§^BCombined or hybrid imaging^II^ is recommended in patients with intermediate probability of CAD[@CR1]IIaBNSERInvasive angiography is reasonable to define the extent and severity of CAD in patients with suspected SIHD whose clinical characteristics and non-invasive testing (exclusive of stress testing) results indicate a high likelihood of severe IHD and who are amenable to, and candidates for, coronary revascularization[@CR3]NSERIIaCInvasive angiography is reasonable in patients with suspected symptomatic SIHD who cannot undergo diagnostic stress testing, or have indeterminate or non-diagnostic stress tests, when there is a high likelihood that the findings will result in important changes to therapy[@CR3]NSERIIaCInvasive angiography is recommended in patients with intermediate probability of CAD[@CR1]IIbANSERInvasive angiography might be considered in patients with stress test results of acceptable quality that do not suggest the presence of CAD when clinical suspicion of CAD remains high and there is a high likelihood that the findings will result in important changes to therapy[@CR3]NSERIIbCDiagnostic imaging (invasive or non-invasive) is not recommended in asymptomatic patients[@CR1],[@CR4]IIIA-C^¶^III^\\^CDiagnostic imaging (invasive or non-invasive) is not recommended in patients with low probability of CAD[@CR1],[@CR2]IIIA, C^††^II^\$^B, CIIICCTA is not recommended in patients with high probability of CAD[@CR1]IIIBNSERFunctional imaging is not recommended in patients with high probability of CAD[@CR1]IIIA, B^‡‡^NSERCombined or hybrid imaging is not recommended in patients with high probability of CAD[@CR1]IIIBNSER^\^Functional imaging refers to stress echocardiography, MPS, MRI, and PET imaging[@CR1]^†^Probability of significant CAD: Low \<15%; intermediate 15-85%; high \>85%[@CR1]^‡^ACC/AHA guidelines stipulate intermediate to high probability of CAD in this circumstance[@CR2]^§^This is a class IIb recommendation for patients able to exercise and a IIa for patients unable to exercise[@CR2]^‖^Hybrid imaging refers to systems in which two imaging modalities are combined in the same scanner (e.g., multidetector CT and SPECT, multidetector CT and PET)^¶^LOE A for invasive angiography, stress echocardiography, and MPS; LOE B for CTA, stress MRI, and PET; LOE C for combined or hybrid imaging^\\^Per ACC/AHA guidelines, MPS may be considered in asymptomatic adults with diabetes or a strong family history of CAD, or when previous risk assessment testing suggests high risk of CAD (class IIb, LOE C)[@CR4]^††^LOE A for invasive angiography, stress echocardiography, and MPS; LOE C for CTA, stress MRI, PET, and combined or hybrid imaging^\$^ACC/AHA guidelines state that, in patients with low probability of CAD who are incapable of at least moderate physical exertion, CTA is a class IIa, LOE B. In patients who require testing, exercise or pharmacologic echocardiography is class II, LOE C. Exercise MPS and pharmacologic stress with MPS, echocardiography, or MRI are class III in patients with an interpretable ECG who are capable of at least moderate physical exertion^‡‡^LOE A for stress echocardiography and MPS; LOE B for stress MRI, PET, and combined or hybrid imaging Table 2Indications for revascularization in patients with stable angina or silent ischemia according to the extent of CADRecommendationESC/EACTSACC/AHAClassLOEClassLOEFor symptoms, revascularization is recommended for Any significant coronary stenosis^\^ in the presence of limiting angina or angina equivalent that does not respond to medical therapy[@CR1],[@CR5]IAIAFor prognosis, revascularization is recommended for Significant left main stenosis[@CR1],[@CR5]IAIB Any significant proximal LAD stenosis[@CR1],[@CR5]IAI^†^B Survivors of sudden cardiac death with presumed ischemia-mediated ventricular tachycardia caused by significant stenosis in a major coronary artery[@CR5]NSERIC Two-vessel or three-vessel CAD with significant stenosis and impaired LV function^‡^ [@CR1],[@CR5]IAIIB Severe or extensive ischemia^§^ [@CR1],[@CR5]IBIIaB Single remaining patent coronary artery with significant stenosis[@CR1]ICNSER Extensive anterior wall ischemia on non-invasive testing and previous CABG[@CR5]NSERIIbB Significant stenoses in two major coronary arteries not involving the proximal LAD and without extensive ischemia[@CR5],[@CR6]NSERIIbC Revascularization is not recommended in patients with one or more coronary stenoses that are not functionally or anatomically significant, involve only the left circumflex or right coronary artery, or subtend only a small area of viable myocardium[@CR5]NSERIIIB^\^Defined in the ESC guidelines as coronary diameter stenosis \>50% with documented ischemia on imaging, or FFR ≤0.80 for diameter stenosis \<90%;^1^ and in the ACC/AHA guidelines as ≥50% left main or ≥70% non-left main or FFR ≤0.80 stenosis[@CR5]^†^This indication is ACC/AHA class I in the context of multivessel CAD, and class II in single-vessel disease^‡^LVEF \<40% (ESC guidelines)[@CR1]. This indication is ACC/AHA class IIa in patients with mild-moderate LV dysfunction (LVEF, 35-50%) and class IIb in patients with severe LV dysfunction (LVEF, \<35%) without significant left main CAD[@CR5]^§^Defined as \>10% ischemic LV myocardium (ESC guidelines)[@CR1], or \>20% perfusion defect on stress MPS, high-risk criteria on stress testing or abnormal intracoronary hemodynamic evaluation (ACC/AHA guidelines)[@CR5] Table 3Recommendations for non-invasive evaluation before revascularization in patients presenting with an acute coronary syndromeRecommendationESC/EACTSACC/AHAClassLOEClassLOENon-invasive documentation of inducible ischemia in low-risk NSTE-ACS patients without recurrent symptoms is recommended before deciding on invasive evaluation[@CR1],[@CR7]IAIBNon-invasive testing for ischemia should be performed before discharge in patients with STEMI who have not had coronary angiography and do not have high-risk clinical features for which coronary angiography would be warranted[@CR8]NSERIBIn initially stabilized patients, an ischemia-guided strategy may be considered for patients with NSTE-ACS (without serious comorbidities or contraindication to this approach) who have an elevated risk for clinical events[@CR7]NSERIIbBPCI of a totally occluded infarct artery \>24 hours after STEMI should not be performed in asymptomatic patients with one- or two-vessel CAD if patients are haemodynamically and electrically stable and do not have evidence of severe ischemia[@CR8]NSER^\^IIIB^\^According to ESC guidance, "in patients presenting days after an acute event, only those with recurrent angina or documented residual ischemia and proven viability on non-invasive imaging in a large myocardial territory may be considered for revascularization when the infarct artery is occluded"[@CR1] Table 4Recommendations on revascularization in patients with chronic heart failure and systolic LV dysfunction according to the presence of viable and /or scarred myocardiumRecommendationESC/EACTSACC/AHAClassLOEClassLOEMyocardial revascularization should be considered in the presence of viable myocardium^\^ [@CR1],[@CR5],[@CR9]IIaBIIa^†^BCABG with surgical ventricular restoration may be considered in patients with scarred LAD territory^‡^ [@CR1],[@CR9]IIbBIIbBPCI may be considered if anatomy is suitable, in the presence of viable myocardium, and surgery is not indicated[@CR1]IIbCNSERCABG might be considered with the primary or sole intent of improving survival in patients with SIHD and severe LV systolic dysfunction (EF, \<35%) whether or not viable myocardium is present[@CR5],[@CR6]NSER^§^IIbB^\^According to ESC guidelines, "nuclear imaging techniques have a high sensitivity for the detection of viability whereas techniques evaluating contractile reserve have lower sensitivity but higher specificity. Differences in performance between the various techniques are small; experience and availability often determine which technique is used"[@CR1]^†^CABG is recommended to improve survival in patients with a) target vessels supplying a large area of viable myocardium; b) mild to moderate LV systolic dysfunction (LVEF, 35-50%) and significant multivessel CAD or proximal LAD stenosis when viable myocardium is present in the region of intended revascularization[@CR5],[@CR6]^‡^"Especially if a post-operative LV end-systolic volume index \<70mL/m^2^ can be predictably achieved" [@CR1]. ACC/AHA guidelines discuss surgical reverse remodeling or LV aneurysmectomy in isolation, with a IIb recommendation in carefully selected patients with HFrEF for specific indications, including intractable heart failure and ventricular arrhythmias[@CR9]^§^ESC guidelines recommend CABG to improve prognosis in patients with severe LV dysfunction and significant LAD stenosis and multivessel CAD but do not specify the state of viability (class I, LOE B)[@CR1] Table 5Recommendations for stress testing and ischemia-guided revascularization in special groupsRecommendationESC/EACTSACC/AHAClassLOEClassLOEIn stable patients with diabetes, multivessel CAD, and/or evidence of myocardial ischemia, revascularization is indicated to reduce cardiac adverse events[@CR1],[@CR5]IBIIa^\^BRepeat revascularization is indicated in post-CABG patients with severe symptoms or extensive ischemia despite medical therapy if technically feasible[@CR1],[@CR5]IBII^†^CStress testing should be considered in patients with a primary indication for CABG and moderate mitral valve regurgitation to determine the extent of ischemia and regurgitation[@CR1]IIaCNSERIn patients with CAD and LVEF \<35%, testing for residual ischemia and subsequent revascularization should be considered prior to primary prophylactic ICD implantation[@CR1]IIaBNSERProphylactic myocardial revascularization before high-risk vascular surgery may be considered in stable patients if they have persistent signs of extensive ischemia or are at high cardiac risk^‡^IIbBNSER^§\^This indication refers to the preference of CABG over PCI in patients with diabetes and multivessel disease, particularly if a LIMA graft can be anastomosed to the LAD artery[@CR5],[@CR6]^†^This is a class IIa indication for PCI and class IIb for repeat CABG[@CR5],[@CR6]^‡^High cardiac risk (reported cardiac risk \>5%): (1) aortic and other major vascular surgery; (2) peripheral vascular surgery[@CR1]^§^Revascularization before non-cardiac surgery is recommended when indicated by existing clinical practice guidelines[@CR10] Table 6Strategies for follow-up and management after myocardial revascularizationRecommendationESC/EACTSACC/AHAClassLOEClassLOEAsymptomatic patients Early stress testing with imaging should be considered in specific patient subsets^\^IIaCNSER Routine stress testing may be considered \>2 years after PCI and \>5 years after CABG[@CR1]IIbCIIa^†^C Standard exercise ECG performed ≥1-year intervals might be considered in patients with prior evidence of silent ischemia, or at high risk for a recurrent cardiac event who can exercise and have an interpretable ECG[@CR2]NSERIIbC Control angiography (CTA or invasive) within 3-12 months of high-risk PCI (e.g., unprotected left main stenosis) may be considered, irrespective of symptoms[@CR1]IIbCNSERSymptomatic patients Stress testing is recommended in patients with new or worsening symptoms not consistent with unstable angina^‡^ [@CR2],[@CR11]ICIB It is recommended to reinforce medical therapy and lifestyle changes in patients with low-risk findings (e.g., \<5% ischemic myocardium) on stress testing[@CR1],[@CR11]ICNSER Coronary angiography is recommended in patients with intermediate-to-high-risk findings^§^ on stress testing[@CR1]ICNSER CTA for assessment of patency of CABG or of coronary stents ≥3 mm in diameter might be reasonable in patients with new or worsening symptoms not consistent with unstable angina irrespective of ability to exercise[@CR2]NSERIIbB CTA might be reasonable in patients with new or worsening symptoms not consistent with unstable angina in the absence of known moderate or severe calcification or to assess patency of coronary stents \<3 mm in diameter, irrespective of ability to exercise[@CR2]NSERIIbB CTA is not recommended for the assessment of native coronary arteries with known moderate or severe calcification or with coronary stents \<3 mm in diameter in patients with new or worsening symptoms not consistent with unstable angina, irrespective of ability to exercise[@CR2]NSERIIIB^\^This includes the following: High-safety professions (e.g., pilots, drivers, divers), competitive athletes, patients engaging in strenuous recreational activities, sudden death survivors, patients with diabetes---especially if insulin-requiring, patients with incomplete or suboptimal revascularization, complicated course during revascularization, or multivessel CAD and residual intermediate lesions or with silent ischemia[@CR1]^†^This recommendation is specific to the assessment of patients with prior evidence of silent ischemia or who are at high risk for a recurrent cardiac event and (a) are unable to exercise adequately, or (b) have an uninterpretable ECG, or (c) have a history of incomplete coronary revascularization[@CR2]^‡^According to ESC guidelines, stress imaging (stress MPS, echocardiography or MRI) is preferred over the exercise ECG[@CR14]. ACC/AHA guidelines recommend standard exercise ECG in patients who are able to exercise and have an interpretable ECG. Stress imaging is indicated in patients with an uninterpretable ECG and in those unable to exercise adequately. Stress imaging is also reasonable in patients who (a) previously required imaging with exercise stress, or (b) have known multivessel CAD, or (c) have a high risk for multivessel CAD (class IIa, LOE B)[@CR2]^§^Ischemia at low workload, early onset ischemia, multiple areas of high-grade wall motion abnormality, or reversible perfusion defect[@CR1] Figure 1Indications for coronary revascularization in patients with suspected obstructive CAD per ESC/EACTS and ACC/AHA guidelines. ^\^CTA and stress echocardiography are ACC/AHA class II indication. ^†^Defined as \>50% coronary diameter stenosis with documented ischaemia on non-invasive imaging, or FFR ≤ 0.80 for diameter stenosis \<90% (ESC guidelines); ≥50% left main, or ≥70% non-left main, or FFR ≤0.80 stenosis (ACC/AHA guidelines). ^‡^This is a class IIb indication in patients with LVEF \<35%. CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CAD, coronary artery disease; LAD, left anterior descending; LM, left main Figure 2ESC/EACTS and ACC/AHA guidance for the assessment of patients after coronary revascularization according to the presence of symptoms. ^\^This includes the following: High-safety professions (e.g., pilots, drivers, divers), competitive athletes, patients engaging in strenuous recreational activities, sudden death survivors, patients with diabetes---especially if insulin-requiring, patients with incomplete or suboptimal revascularization, complicated course during revascularization, or multivessel CAD and residual intermediate lesions or with silent ischemia. ^†^This recommendation is most appropriate in patients who can exercise adequately and have an interpretable ECG. CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CTA, computed tomographic angiography; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention CABG : Coronary artery bypass grafting CAD : Coronary artery disease CTA : Computed tomographic angiography EF : Ejection fraction FFR : Fractional flow reserve HFrEF : Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction ICD : Implantable cardioverter defibrillator LAD : Left anterior descending coronary artery LIMA : Left internal mammary artery LOE : Level of evidence LV : Left ventricular MPS : Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy MRI : Magnetic resonance imaging NSER : No specific equivalent recommendation NSTE-ACS : Non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome PCI : Percutaneous coronary intervention PET : Positron emission tomography SIHD : Stable ischaemic heart disease SPECT : Single-photon emission computed tomography STEMI : ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Q: custom 404 error page after moving wordpress from one host to other I own a website say xyz.com using wordpress. I have to transfer the wordpress site + content +everything to a new host.. Make a note that I am not moving to different domain name. I am just changing my host . I have copied the sql data wp files n contents to new host. When I try to open the site in new host I am getting the custom 404 error page .. its not the default 404 page its the custom one so I guess the wordpress is fine. all the links are directed to my old host because I have not changed my domain name to new host. I planned to make the dns change once the new host Works fine... What is the reason for the custom 404 page ? How to resolve. ? A: Try reesetting your permalinks: http://codex.wordpress.org/Using_Permalinks You must not have moved your .htaccess file over to the new host or need to regenerate it. But you may also need to change URLs in the database from the old domain to the new IP/~username. See http://www.mydigitallife.info/2007/10/01/how-to-move-wordpress-blog-to-new-domain-or-location/
Pin Share 22 22 Shares Good morning, After a brief period of relative stability the pound is once again in the firing line and is trading at multi-year lows this morning. Last night’s Asian session saw the 1.30 as well as the 1.29 and 1.28 levels in GBPUSD with GBPEUR now down around 1.1670. Easy money in, hard money out A lot of yesterday’s moves came on the news that a number of UK property funds are throwing up obstacles to investor redemptions in a bid to assuage a fire sale. This industry has a classical liquidity mismatch in that money comes in monthly and can only be crystallised following a lumpy or infrequent valuation. The Global Financial Crisis saw this effect increase contagion as investors wanted havens that were liquid and you can’t blend a brick. While these moves are not as a direct result of the Brexit vote, they have happened in the aftermath of the vote and that leads consumer and business confidence by the nose to further negative outcomes. Downturn coming but waiting for the wave to break Comparisons with 2008 and the Global Financial Crisis and the UK economy post-Brexit are unhelpful; there are very few people out there who believe with any credibility that any downturn seen from the vote result would be in any way as damaging as the credit crisis. That is not to say that significant credit and funding problems may not present themselves but, as was made clear by Governor Mark Carney yesterday, the Bank of England is ready to act and could do so as soon as next week. The outlook for businesses, both small and large, is difficult to qualify at the moment and the data from the UK economy is yet to show the initial effects of Brexit. We will have to wait until August for that insight to reach us. Why would you buy pounds? In the meantime, sterling is expected to continue falling; there is no positive news politically to act as a stop gap and the data picture very much remains an unknown. In an atmosphere of global risk, we have to ask why an investor would want to take on the issues that the pound has. That is not to say that a rebound is unlikely but a meaningful rally may have to wait until next year. Elsewhere As much as the pound has been weakening, the yen has been strengthening and USDJPY is getting closer and closer to 100.00 and these deflationary moves in major exporting markets are a negative for global growth. We haven’t even spoken about the slide in the Chinese yuan yet and that is a classic devaluation although in a period of huge outflows from China; an uneasy balance for the world’s 2nd largest economy. The focus today away from the clown car that is the once proud pound will be the Federal Reserve’s latest minutes. The meeting statement did not mention Brexit but global concerns are once again front and centre of the Fed’s thinking. On the US economy the picture has remained solid with the statement noting that ‘the pace of improvement in the labor market has slowed while growth in economic activity appears to have picked up. Although the unemployment rate has declined, job gains have diminished. Growth in household sentiment has strengthened.’ The dovishness of the meeting has been expressed by a dampening of rate expectations through 2017 and 2018. I think the Fed is finally cogniscent that it overegged expectations at the beginning of the year for a full four rate increases, and in a post-Brexit landscape we now see none. Have a great day. Click here for live rates
Euphorbia lamarckii Euphorbia lamarckii is a species of flowering plant in the family Euphorbiaceae, native to the western Canary Islands (Tenerife, north-western La Gomera, La Palma and El Hierro). It resembles Euphorbia regis-jubae, with which it has been confused. Both have been called Euphorbia obtusifolia. Description Euphorbia lamarckii resembles Euphorbia regis-jubae; their distributions do not overlap. It is a shrub up to tall, with light brown stems, undivided leaves and small yellowish-green floral bracts. The inflorescence is usually a compound umbel. The elaiosome (caruncle) attached to a seed is sessile or has only a very short stalk. It differs from other Canary Island species of Euphorbia in the shape of the compound, umbel-like inflorescences, that are yellow-greenish in colour, and by the floral bracts falling off before the fruit ripens. Taxonomy Euphorbia lamarckii was first described by Robert Sweet in 1818. It is considered to be synonymous with E. obtusifolia Poir. and E. broussonetii, but not with E. obtusifolia Lam. There has been considerable confusion over the scientific name to be used for one of the more common species of "tabaiba" found in the Canary Islands. Much of the literature used the name E. obtusifolia Poir., based its publication by Jean Poiret in 1812. However, the name had already been used in a different context by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck in 1788, so Poiret's name is illegitimate. A proposal to conserve the name Euphorbia obtusifolia , in view of its widespread use, was rejected in 2000. Although the name Euphorbia broussonetii has been used (and defended) by some sources, the earliest, and hence correct, name is considered to be Euphorbia lamarckii. An additional complication is that the name Euphorbia obtusifolia has been used "indiscriminately" for two species found in the Canary Islands: the western species, now called E. lamarckii, and the eastern species Euphorbia regis-jubae. In 2003, David Bramwell listed seven publications from 1847 to 1993 that gave the wrong names or the wrong distributions for these species. Varieties Julián Molero and Ann Maria Rovira recognize two varieties: Euphorbia lamarckii var. lamarckii (syns E. virgata, E. obtusifolia Poir.) – only found in southern Tenerife Euphorbia lamarckii var. broussonetii (Willd. ex Link) Molero & Rovira (syns E. broussonetii, E. dendroides var. broussonetii, E. obtusifolia Poir. var. wildpretii) – found everywhere else, including north Tenerife The varieties differ in that var. broussonettii has broader leaves with a more rounded tip, and the outermost bracts have a less pointed apex with a shorter point (mucro). Distribution Euphorbia lamarckii is native to the western Canary Islands: Tenerife, north-west La Gomera, La Palma and El Hierro. Its distribution does not overlap with Euphorbia regis-jubae, which is found in the eastern islands: Gran Canaria, Lanzarote and Fuerteventura. References lamarckii Category:Flora of the Canary Islands Category:Plants described in 1818
All of those twentysomethings who voted for Barack Obama last year are about to experience the change they haven't been waiting for: the return of income tax bracket creep. Buried in Nancy Pelosi's health-care bill is a provision that will partially repeal tax indexing for inflation, meaning that as their earnings rise over a lifetime these youngsters can look forward to paying higher rates even if their income gains aren't real. Americans of a certain age have seen this movie before. In 1960, only 3% of tax filers paid a 30% or higher marginal tax rate. By 1980, after the inflation of the 1970s, the share was closer to 33%, according to a Heritage Foundation analysis of tax returns.
Pyelocutaneous ileal conduit for endoscopic control of recurrent renal pelvic tumour. A case report. In a patient with transitional cell carcinoma of the pelvis of a solitary kidney there were extensive recurrences in the ureter and bladder. The treatment consisted of total cystoureterectomy and pyeloileocutaneostomy for urinary diversion and endoscopic control of the pelvic neoplastic growth.

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