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Democratic Rep. Gene Green Announces He Will Not Seek Re-election Longtime Democratic Congressman Gene Green, D-Tex., announced Monday he will not run for re-election next year. In a statement, Green expressed confidence that he could win re-election but said he has decided it is time to be more involved in the lives of his children and grandchildren. "I have had to miss so many of their activities and after 26 years in Congress it is time to devote more time to my most important job of being a husband, father, and grandfather," Green said. Green, a longtime member of the House Energy and Commerce Committee, noted he would continue to serve his district until his term is over at the end of 2018. A number of other Texas congressmen have also announced they will not seek re-election, including Republican Reps. Sam Johnson, Jeb Hensarling, Lamar Smith and Ted Poe and Democratic Rep. Beto O'Rourke, who is challenging Senator Ted Cruz.
2 - 3w5/4 - 5w*3/6 + 4w*2 - 10. Let x(s) = j(s) - 5o(s). Factor x(r). -5r2(r + 7) Let z(u) be the first derivative of 9u7/28 - 69u*6/20 + 129u*5/40 - 7u*4/8 + 207u - 282. Let v(t) be the first derivative of z(t). Factor v(x). 3x2(x - 7)(3x - 1)*2/2 Suppose -5n - 5f = 0, 3f = 3n + 4f - 5f - 14. Factor -3/4k + 1/8kn + 3/4k*3 - 1/8. (k - 1)(k + 1)(6k + 1)/8 Let l be (-19)/(-76) - 30/(-8). Suppose lt - 70 = -t. Solve 0d*2 + td*3 + 16d*2 + 4d*4 + 6d*3 = 0. -4, -1, 0 Suppose z + 0z - 1592 = 0. Let s be (z/(-160) + 10)(-30)/(-4). Factor 0 + sj*5 + 3/4j*2 + 0j + 3/2j4 + 15/8j*3. 3j*2(j + 1)*2(j + 2)/8 Let y(h) be the second derivative of 1/60h6 - 225/4h*2 - 96h - 1/6h4 + 115/8h*3 + 1/168h*7 - 17/40h*5 - 2. Solve y(q) = 0. -5, 2, 3 Factor 211/6r*3 + 1073/6r + 1/6r4 - 215/3 - 285/2r*2. (r - 2)(r - 1)*2(r + 215)/6 Suppose -4i = 2 - 14. Let c(t) = 15t - 253. Let f be c(17). Factor 40n - 2326n*f + 2416n*2 + 2 - 135n*4 + i. -5(n - 1)(3n + 1)3 Let b(r) be the third derivative of -r7/280 - r6/32 - r5/10 - r*4/8 - 1470r*2. Factor b(c). -3c(c + 1)(c + 2)*2/4 Factor 0 - 2/7r*4 - 12/7r*3 - 10/7r*2 + 24/7r. -2r(r - 1)(r + 3)(r + 4)/7 Let m(o) = o*3 - 31o*2 + 207o - 193. Let j be m(22). Factor 10/3h4 + 0 + 2/3h*2 + 4/3h*j + 8/3h*3 + 0h. 2h2(h + 1)*2(2h + 1)/3 Let o be -3 - -15 - 33/((-5940)/(-2080)). Factor -5/9r*3 + 2/9 + or*2 + 11/9r. -(r - 2)(r + 1)(5r + 1)/9 Let a(h) be the third derivative of h4 + 1/15h*6 + 11/30h*5 + 104h*2 + 0h + 3/2h3 + 1/210h7 + 0. Factor a(z). (z + 1)2(z + 3)2 Let z(c) be the second derivative of 1/2c*5 + 26c + 13/10c4 - 9/25c*6 + 0 + 1/21c*7 + 0c*2 - 6/5c*3. Let z(l) = 0. What is l? -1, 0, 2/5, 3 Let t(j) = -8j - 17. Let d be t(-4). Find g, given that -5 - 10 + 5g + 3g*2 - 2g - dg = 0. -1, 5 Factor -2/5u*3 - 154/5u - 196/5 + 8u2. -2(u - 14)(u - 7)(u + 1)/5 Let k(y) = y*3 + 17y*2 + 32y + 38. Let l be k(-15). Suppose -2d + i = -2, 6i - l = 2i. Factor 2 - 1/2f*d - 3/2f. -(f - 1)(f + 4)/2 Let n = 11 + -5. Let c(u) = u3 + 12u*2 + 18u - 25. Let z(k) = -k*2 - k. Let x(q) = nz(q) + 2c(q). Determine o so that x(o) = 0. -5, 1 Let c be (-80)/((-38400)/(-672))(-3144)/14. Determine n so that -363/5n3 + 144/5 + 4224/5n*2 + cn = 0. -2/11, 12 Let n(l) be the first derivative of 2l3/21 + 4l*2/7 + 8l/7 + 1000. Let n(h) = 0. What is h? -2 Find w, given that -284/3w3 + 0w + 0 + 2/9w5 - 422/9w*4 + 0w*2 = 0. -2, 0, 213 Let y be 2196/488(12/5)/((-1953)/(-620)). Factor 0 - 6/7w2 - 3/7w*4 + 15/7w*3 - yw. -3w(w - 4)(w - 2)(w + 1)/7 Let c(d) be the first derivative of -d*4/2 + 74d*3 + 226d*2 - 1681. Factor c(g). -2g(g - 113)(g + 2) Suppose 85l + 10200 - 24735 = 0. Factor 143/2s*2 + 9s*3 + 361/4 - ls + 1/4s4. (s - 1)2(s + 19)*2/4 Let m be 96/(-1560)13(3 - (-22)/(-4)). Factor 28 + 1/2x*m - 15x. (x - 28)(x - 2)/2 Determine g, given that 73g - 2g2 + 7g*2 + 0g*2 + 700 + 22g - 230g = 0. 7, 20 Let c(i) be the third derivative of 1/210i*7 - 3 - 1/40i*6 + 1/8i*4 + 2/3i*3 - 1/12i*5 - 19i*2 + 0i. Factor c(j). (j - 4)(j - 1)(j + 1)*2 Let m(f) be the first derivative of -4f*5/5 - 21f*4 + 488f*3/3 - 408f*2 + 416f - 83. Let m(t) = 0. What is t? -26, 1, 2 Let j(x) be the second derivative of 23/90x6 - 160/9x*3 - 163/60x*5 - 1/126x*7 + 361/36x*4 + 50/3x*2 - 5x - 3. Factor j(p). -(p - 10)*2(p - 1)*3/3 Let s be (-87)/(-58)8/(-54) + 1 + 120/54. Factor -147/2 - 203/2b + 67/2b*2 - 5/2bs. -(b - 7)2(5b + 3)/2 Let g be 1/(0 + (-7)/(-4)). Let w be ((-1218)/(-1421)(-2)/9)/(1/(-12)). Factor w - 16/7f + gf2. 4(f - 2)*2/7 Let y be 340/200 + 9/30. Suppose -18317x*2 - 714x*3 - 15x*4 + 139x*3 + 18127xy = 0. Calculate x. -38, -1/3, 0 Let o(z) be the third derivative of z7/840 - 19z6/480 + 49z*5/120 - 5z*4/6 - 13z*2 + 30z + 1. Determine l, given that o(l) = 0. 0, 1, 8, 10 Let j(m) = 6m2 - 588m + 14399. Suppose -24 = -13c + 5c. Let i(u) = 3u2 - 294u + 7200. Let x(v) = cj(v) - 7i(v). Factor x(k). -3(k - 49)2 Factor -658f*3 - 108900 + 67699f + 97193f - 107581f2 - f4 + 52248f. -(f - 1)2(f + 330)*2 Let n be (-40)/12(-36)/9(-1)/(-100). Factor 2/15u*2 + 0 - 2/15u*3 - nu*4 + 0u + 2/15u5. 2u*2(u - 1)*2(u + 1)/15 Let y be 156/40 - 4 - 736/(-960). Let 2s2 - ys*3 + 0 - 4/3s = 0. Calculate s. 0, 1, 2 Let j(g) be the second derivative of g10/12096 - g9/10080 - g*8/6720 + 15g*4/4 + 79g. Let b(w) be the third derivative of j(w). Factor b(n). n*3(n - 1)(5n + 2)/2 Factor -1/2n5 + 0 - 50n - 3n4 + 11/2n*3 + 30n*2. -n(n - 2)*2(n + 5)2/2 Let t(a) be the second derivative of a4/48 - 2a3/3 + 55a*2/8 + 1741a. Factor t(x). (x - 11)(x - 5)/4 Suppose 116w - 76w = 440. Determine p so that wp + 37p - 50 - 94 - 2p2 - p2 - p*2 = 0. 6 Let a(j) = 5j4 + j3 - j*2 + 2j + 1. Let r(y) = -61y4 - 284y*3 - 81y*2 + 428y + 14. Let u(f) = 2a(f) - r(f). Solve u(t) = 0 for t. -3, -2, -2/71, 1 Let q = 153540 - 153538. Factor -8/7o*q - 2/7o + 10/7. -2(o - 1)(4o + 5)/7 Factor 3n4 + n5 - 62862n + 108n*3 + 59217n - 11n4 + 95n*2 + 391n*2 - 14n*4. n(n - 9)*3(n + 5) Let 22 - 11/3r2 + 361/3r = 0. What is r? -2/11, 33 Let k(f) be the first derivative of -5/2f2 - 5/6f*3 + 0f - 157. Suppose k(c) = 0. What is c? -2, 0 Suppose -2158 + 4655 = 141l + 1792. Factor 94/3j*4 + 12720j*2 - 1/3j*l + 36000 - 39600j - 3064/3j3. -(j - 30)3(j - 2)*2/3 Let t(q) = -2q*3 - 23q*2 + 13q + 3. Let z(l) = -12l3 - 160l*2 + 92l + 20. Let p(i) = 20t(i) - 3z(i). Suppose p(j) = 0. Calculate j. 0, 1, 4 Suppose 6m = -9m + 13m. Suppose 5k - 53 + 43 = m. Find l, given that 53l2 + 3l + 56l2 - 110l*k = 0. 0, 3 Let v(r) be the second derivative of 11/15r*6 + 2r*3 + 19/6r*4 + 0r*2 - 2r + 1 + 2/21r7 + 11/5r*5. Find j, given that v(j) = 0. -2, -3/2, -1, 0 Let h(q) be the first derivative of 2q*3/27 + 115q*2/9 - 232q/9 + 415. Determine d, given that h(d) = 0. -116, 1 Let j(s) be the second derivative of -s*8/67200 + 11s*7/25200 + 113s*4/12 + 99s. Let n(i) be the third derivative of j(i). Suppose n(f) = 0. Calculate f. 0, 11 Let 160i2 + 4031i*3 + 11i*4 + 315 - 6i*4 - 4101i*3 + 550i = 0. What is i? -1, 7, 9 Factor -39x3 - 556 + 556 + 576x + 21112x4 + 48x*2 - 21109x*4. 3x(x - 8)2(x + 3) Let f(d) be the first derivative of 3/2d + 9/8d*2 - 55 + 1/4d*3. Find c such that f(c) = 0. -2, -1 Let g(d) be the first derivative of -35 + 9d*3 + 30d - 3/8d4 + 117/4d*2. Factor g(t). -3(t - 20)(t + 1)2/2 Let k be 14/(-84)(-2 - 28) - -10. Let q(a) be the first derivative of -ka4 + 3 - 22/3a*3 + 10a*5 + 12a*2 + 8a. Factor q(c). 2(c - 1)2(5c + 2)2 Let c(o) be the first derivative of -1/3o*3 - 224 + 0o - 49/2o2. Suppose c(p) = 0. What is p? -49, 0 Let p(r) be the first derivative of -2/27r*3 + 0r - 133 - 7/9r2. Suppose p(t) = 0. Calculate t. -7, 0 Let d(u) be the second derivative of -u5/300 - u4/15 - 2u*3/5 - 141u*2/2 - 15u. Let n(j) be the first derivative of d(j). Factor n(c). -(c + 2)(c + 6)/5 Let s(c) be the third derivative of c5/60 - 7c*4/24 - 17c*3/6 + 16c*2. Let o be s(9). Factor -o + 16h - 3h2 + 4h*3 - 3h*3 - 13h. (h - 1)3 Let c(j) be the first derivative of j3/3 - j*2/2 - 2j + 1. Let b(z) = 20z2 - 16z - 48. Let f(a) = 2b(a) - 44c(a). Factor f(w). -4(w - 2)(w - 1) Let n(i) be the first derivative of -3/20i4 + 1/15i*3 + 1/25i*5 + 3/10i*2 - 18 - 2/5i. Suppose n(m) = 0. What is m? -1, 1, 2 Let i(n) = 2n2 + 294n - 145n - n3 - 1 - 149n. Let s(t) = 25t3 + 35t*2 + 5t - 5. Let o(a) = 5i(a) - s(a). Factor o(c). -5c(2c + 1)(3c + 1) Let i(l) = 79l2 + 20l - 10. Let u(j) = 32j2 + 10j - 4. Let k(p) = -2i(p) + 5u(p). Factor k(t). 2t(t + 5) Let w(t) be the third derivative of -2/5t3 - 2t - 8t2 + 13/75t*5 + 0 - 7/300t*6 - 13/60t**4. What is n in w(n) = 0?
Not idol but actor Junho2015/04/15, Source, Junho has starred in three movies so far. The three movies are "Cold Eyes", "Memories of the Sword" and "Twenty". What is surprising is that he has grown into an actor in just 3 movies. Some may be prejudice and say that he's got an advantage because of his idol image. However, he's too good to criticize. He's already doing well enough 'for an idol',...More Wait until 2PM2012/06/13, Source, An interesting report surfaced recently about how moneyed women in their 20s and 30s were fueling the popularity of such K-pop groups as 2PM. "Yugsikyeo" or "meat-eating females" refer to a generation of active women empowered by their talent and the financial stability that comes with it. That marks a shift from the women in their 40s and 50s that constituted the fan base for Korean pop,...More 'Hottest' to artist: evolution of 2PM2012/06/12, Source, Members of K-pop boy band 2PM pose for a promotional photoshoot for their most recent release, "Hands Up", in 2011. In their fifth year as one of the country's most popular groups, they insist the best is yet to come, with great participation in the creative process. / Courtesy of JYP Entertainment This is the fifth in a 15-part series on the stars and trends of Hallyu, or the Korean wave, which is gaining popularity in Southeast Asia and Latin America. The Korea Times produces this special project in cooperation with the Korea Foundation and CJ E&M,...More Gavy NJ Add Two New Members2012/05/02, Source, Power vocalist group Gavy NJ has added two new members ahead of their comeback. Last May, the previous members Hee-young and Misty had left the group to pursue solo activities following the completion of their contract with their last agency. After a number of auditions, the two new members joining the original member Si-hyun will be Jenny (25 years-old) and Gun-ji (21 years-old),...More 2PM play dress-up for fans2012/04/03, Source, Members of K-pop boy band 2PM host a mock talk show at their fan-only gathering on Sunday, at the Grand Peace Palace of the Kyunghee University in Hoegi-dong, eastern Seoul. Taecyeon, who did most of the speaking for the evening, is on screen./ Courtesy of JYP By Kwaak Je-yup Even with just about 4,000 in the Seoul auditorium, 2PM's fans could easily out-scream the crowds at world's largest music festivals like Glastonbury or Coachella. Cheering and hollering the band members' names, the entirely female audience seemed unable to contain their excitement, fuming every emotion out in full force at every opportunity and leaving no part of their vocal chords unmoved,...More KTO offers virtual dates with K-pop stars2011/12/20, Source, Snapshot of the interactive film, "Annyeong", featuring K-pop stars, Miss A and 2PM. Users can access the interactive movie at www.ibuzzkorea.com and go on a three-day virtual tour with the singers. / Courtesy of KTO By Noh Hyun-gi K-pop stars are at the forefront of "hallyu" or the Korean wave, and they are stepping up as spokesmen and spokeswomen for Korea,...More VCR1 Weekly star scene2011/10/20, Source, We go wherever the stars go! Here's the hottest entertainment news of the week! Let's go! Our #5 Hot news is the comeback of Lee Seung-gi, a.k.a. the king of ballads. The multi-entertainer is back in the music industry with a song he wrote himself, and his voice is as sweet as ever. [SOV] [Interview : ] "Shall we date Hot News #4 brings us news of Hallyu star Ryoo Si-won's fan meeting. [SOV] [Interview : ] "Hello, everyone!",...More 2PM: 'We Want to Show Our Enthusiasm On Stage'2011/06/27, Source, 2PM recently released a song entitled "Hands Up. After releasing their second album, 2PM said, "We want to come back to our friendly image that we showed when we debuted". The "Animal Idol" image of 2PM is undergoing change. 2PM released their new song "Hands Up" after an eight month break, and they frankly expressed their feelings in an interview held on June 21, saying they had tried to express the bright and candid image that they had presented right after their debut. Wooyoung said, "I told our producer, Jin Young, that I wanted to play on the stage. I think that we will enjoy our performances along with our fans and we will be shown as ordinary boys who can dance really well on the stage". Joon Soo said with confidence, "People who watch our performance on the stage for the first time will all think that 2PM members are playing on the stage really joyfully",...More "Dream High 2" hypothetical lead character? "Park Eun-bin vs Park Jin-young2011/03/17, Source, As the drama "Dream High 2" is believed to go into production, there are questions about who will be the new lead characters. There have been rumors about 'Sam-dong's brother' to 'Yang Jin-man as main role', and other various scenario's as well as the question if the cast from season 1 would exist. It is known that KBS will start production of "Dream High 2" in timing of the next winter break and due to be aired next year. Previously a "Dream High" spokesperson talked about some possibilities to Seoul Newspaper NTN, "There haven't been any details formed. However, season 2 is being positively looked over".,...More "Dream High" acting beginner Suzy, has grown2011/02/15, Source, Suzy's acting skills have constantly been progressing. Suzy plays the role of Ko Hye-mi in the KBS 2TV drama "Dream High" and is surprising viewers as every episode goes with her improving act. Acting for the first time of her life, in the beginning of the drama, Suzy was caught in a issue for her inaccurate pronunciation and vocals, awkward expressions and so on but she is getting over this. It's not the most sophisticated but now she's capable of emotional acts.,...More "Athena" scores 3rd win on Monday and Tuesday nights2010/12/29, Source, SBS series "ATHENA" [SBS] SBS' series "ATHENA" came on top of the Monday and Tuesday prime time slot, according to surveys by two media research firms on Wednesday. Data by Total National Media Statistics (TNmS) and AGB Nielsen Media Research revealed that "ATHENA", a spin-off to KBS' blockbuster hit series "IRIS", posted average viewership ratings of 18.8 percent and 18.2 percent, respectively, both dropping by one percent compared to a week ago,...More [PREVIEW] KBS TV series "Dream High" 2010/12/28, Source, Casts from KBS series "Dream High" : Starting from left JOO, Wooyoung, Eom Gi-joon, Taecyeon, Suzy, Kim Soo-hyeon-I, Ham Eun-jeong, Lee Yoon-ji, IU etc., [Lee Jin-hyuk/10Asia Co-produced by Bae Young-joon of KEYEAST and Park Jin-young of JYP Entertainment and starring members from idol groups 2PM, T-ara and miss A and female singer IU, it is obvious what KBS TV series "Dream High" wishes to be -- a drama which shows how the 'dream factory' really works along with the hardships young trainees go through to become a star, a drama about young people, and a drama where idols stars are the main characters. "Dream High" shows where it is headed to from the beginning with the story starting in the year 2018 with a man named 'K' from Korea sweeping the Grammy awards to become a world star and Jung Ha-myung (Bae Young-joon), the director of Kirin High School of Art, reminisces on the time when he himself was a freshman at the school,...More Still images released for upcoming drama "Dream High"2010/12/20, Source, KBS drama "Dream High" [Holym (KEYEAST and JYPE) & CJ Media] Still images of upcoming KBS drama "Dream High" were released today, according to a press release by Holym Co. and CJ Media on Monday. The drama, a joint production between major entertainment agencies KEYEAST, JYP Entertainment and CJ Media, released two group photos that feature the main cast of the drama set to go on air next year,...More 2PM Japan showcase attracts 25,000 fans2010/12/09, Source, Boy band 2PM's first showcase "2PM 1st Contact in Japan" held in Kokugikan, Tokyo on December 8, 2010. [JYP Entertainment] Six-member boy band 2PM debuted with a bang in Japan yesterday, attracting over 25,000 fans to their first showcase in the country, according to JYP Entertainment (JYPE) on Thursday. At the event titled "2PM 1st Contact in Japan", held at Tokyo's Kokugikan, the group greeted their fans in Japanese and performed their hit numbers including "Don't Stop Can't Stop", "Again & again" and "Heartbeat",...More 2PM's first DVD tops Japan's Oricon chart 2010/11/25, Source, DVD cover of 2PM's "Hottest~2PM 1st Music Video Collection & The History~" [JYP Entertainment] K-pop idol 2PM's first DVD has topped Japan's prestigious Oricon DVD chart. The group's DVD titled "Hottest~2PM 1st Music Video Collection & The History~", which came in second on the chart on day of its release yesterday, climbed up a spot to rank No. 1 on the daily Oricon DVD chart as of today,...More 2PM's DVD comes in at No. 2 on Oricon chart 2010/11/24, Source, Korean boy band 2PM [JYP Entertainment] K-pop idols 2PM have claimed the No. 2 spot on Japan's prestigious Oricon DVD chart with their latest DVD release. The boys' first DVD titled "Hottest~2PM 1st Music Video Collection & The History~", which was released today, came in second place on the daily Oricon DVD chart as of Monday,...More 2PM takes over mobile music chart in Japan 2010/11/19, Source, Japan's Recochuku's mobile music chart Korean boy band 2PM has dominated a mobile music chart in Japan, securing all top five slots on the chart with their songs. JYP Entertainment announced in a press release Friday that 2PM's hit songs "Without U", "Heartbeat", "Again & Again", "My Life 4 U" and "10 Out of 10", which were released as ringtones on Wednesday, have placed on the top five spots on Japan's Recochuku's mobile music chart,...More On the set of "MBC Star Audition" premiere episode2010/11/08, Source, Singer Lee Eun-mi-I, producer and songwriter Bang Si-hyuk, rock guitarist Kim Tae-won-I, rock vocalist Kim Yuna, balladeer Shin Seung-hun and anchorwoman Park Hye-jin-II take part in the live broadcast "MBC Star Audition" at MBC Dream Center in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea on November 5, 2010. [Lee Jin-hyuk/10Asia] The premiere episode of public network MBC's singing competition series "MBC Star Audition" which went on air live November 5 was sort of the launching episode to the show introducing its hosts and judges. In a way, a preview aimed at encouraging more participation before the actual competition starts. This was because while contestants have yet to start competing and show how they will grow as the program progresses, there was also a need for explanation on what "MBC Star Audition" is about. And yet its producers are taking their chances too by having created a show they themselves cannot predict the outcome to, to air live for 70 minutes every week,...More On the set of Mnet's weekly music show "M! CountDown"2010/11/05, Source, 2AM members Jinwoon and Jo Kwon sing on cable music channel Mnet's "M! CountDown" at the CJ E&M Center in Seoul, South Korea on October 28, 2010. [Chae Ki-won/10Asia] It was finally the day the press conference for this year's Mnet Asian Music Awards (MAMA) took place and the day the nominees for the show would be announced as well. That is why cable music channel M! CountDown which took place on October 28 took place under the name "2010 MAMA Special". Through a pre-recorded clip, 2PM member Nichkhun introduced the various categories artists would be recognized in at the 2010 MAMA and on stage, Taecyeon, Wooyoung and Chansung talked about how they would react should they win an award,...More 2PM Wooyoung, miss A Suzy cast for "Dream High"2010/11/04, Source, 2PM member Wooyoung (left) and miss A Suzy (right) [JYP Entertainment] 2PM member Wooyoung and miss A's Suzy will both be making their acting debut in the upcoming KBS music TV series "Dream High", a highly anticipated co-production between top Korean entertainment firms JYP Entertainment (JYPE) and KEYEAST. The show's promoter announced Thursday that Wooyoung has been cast for the role of Kevin, a skilled dancer from overseas, while Suzy will be playing the role of Ko Hye-mi, the prettiest girl at a performing arts school who dreams of becoming the next Jo Sumi (famed female soprano),...More New Hallyu: K-POP Boom by Idol Groups2010/11/03, Source, At a joint interview with members of Kara, 2PM, SHINee, Brown Eyed Girls, and 4Minute, they all said, "We feel kind of a responsibility as Korean representatives overseas". Hyun Ah (4Minute), On Yoo (SHINee), Wooyoung (2PM), Narsha (Brown Eyed Girls), and Koo Ha Ra (Kara) came one after another for an interview at a cafe. All the guests in the cafe revealed their curiosity by paying full attention to these star members, whom they could rarely see at one place together. Those members of the star idol groups who attended the interview were all actually the leaders who have created the "new Hallyu" with K-POP in countries such as Japan, the greater China region, South-East Asia, and the USA,...More 2PM sweeps Mnet CountDown by storm 2010/10/29, Source, Six member boy band 2 PM [JYPE Entertainment] Boy band 2PM became the winner on music channel Mnet's weekly show "M! CountDown" on Thursday. The six-member group took the top prize on the program with "I'll Be Back", the title track from their mini-album "Still 2:00PM" released Two Weeks ago,...More 2PM celebrates wins on TV music shows with "I'll Be Back" 2010/10/25, Source, Six-member boy band 2PM [JYP Entertainment] Six-member boy band 2PM, who returned to the local music scene last week, placed atop both televised music shows with their latest single over the weekend. The group won on KBS' Friday music program and scored the Mutizen Award on SBS' Sunday show "Inkigayo" with their title track "I'll Be Back" from their mini-album "Still 2:00PM",...More 2PM reveals new album track list and video trailer 2010/10/11, Source, Korean idols 2PM members (from left to right): Chansung, Junho, Wooyoung, Junsu, Nichkhu and Taecyeon [JYP Entertainment] Korean boy band 2PM have unveiled the complete track list for their upcoming mini-album. The track list for their new album "Still 2:00 PM" was revealed on various web-based music sites earlier today as well as the trailer for their title track "I'll Be Back" on the group's official website,...More 2PM to expand career into Japan2010/09/24, Source, 2PM's expansion into Japan reported in Sankei Sports [Sankei Sports] Top Korean boy band 2PM will be expanding their singing career into Japan in a few months, according to their agency JYP Entertainment (JYPE). JYPE explained through a press release Thursday that as reported by Japanese media outlets the previous day, 2PM will make a debut in Japan through major record label Sony Music Entertainment in two months time,...More 2PM releases digital single and music video for Thank You2010/08/18, Source, Cover of 2PM's digital single "Thank You" [JYP Entertainment] Korean idols 2PM have released a digital single and music video for "Thank You", according to the group's agency JYP Entertainment on Wednesday. JYPE announced in a press release that the ballad song "Thank You", which was first revealed at 2PM's first solo concert, was revealed on various web-based music sites yesterday,...More 2PM to give encore concert2010/08/16, Source, Official poster of 2PM's encore concert [JYP Entertainment] Korean idols 2PM will be giving an encore performance of their first live show in September, according to their agency JYP Entertainment on Monday. In a press release, JYP announced that the boys will hold a second showing of their first solo concert "Don't Stop Can't Stop" on September 4 and 5. Their first round of shows was held July 31 and August 1 at the Olympic Stadium in Seoul and on August 7 and 8 at the Busan Exhibition & Convention Center (BEXCO) in Busan,...More miss A, 2AM to perform at 2PM concert next weekend2010/07/22, Source, K-pop girl band miss A [JYP Entertainment] Korean pop groups 2AM and miss A will be performing as musical guests at labelmate 2PM's Seoul concert next weekend, according to their agency JYP Entertainment (JYPE) on Thursday. "2AM and miss A gladly offered to be performing guests at 2PM's first concert despite their busy schedules", JYPE said in a press release. "Both groups are congratulating 2PM's significant first concert from the bottom of their hearts, and they will present the best opening performances for the audience",...More 2PM Junsu unlikely to join Wonder Girls' North America tour2010/06/04, Source, Members of boy band 2PM [JYP Entertainment] Boy band 2PM member Junsu is unlikely to be joining the rest of his members for the Wonder Girls' North America tour this month, according to his agency JYP Entertainment (JYPE) on Friday. "The members of 2PM have departed from Korea because they will open the Wonder Girls' tour but Junsu will stay back and take time to recover from his knee injury", an official from JYPE told Asia Economic Daily over the phone,...More Wooyoung \| Community - Stay on topic and do not spam. - Emoticons are fun, but actual thoughts are appreciated. - Refrain from abusive language. - Post only in English, as this is an English language community. - Do not share pages or media unrelated to the topic you are commenting on. - Do not request or mention illegal download/streaming services. - No graphic content allowed. - Respect the right of other users to share their opinion. Arguments are welcome, fights are not. Comments which break the rules will be erased. Repeated rule breaking will result in blacklisting. Wooyoung (우영) Subscribe to HanCinema Pure to remove ads from the website (not for episode and movie videos) for US$2.99 per month (you can cancel anytime). 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How your body shape affects your health Identify your body shape to pick the diet that'll work best for you While we all come in different sizes and every body is unique, experts have identified four basic body shapes that all women fall into. Body shapes are largely determined by bone structure, genetics and age and, while lifestyle factors make a huge difference to the dimensions of your body, it can be difficult to change your basic shape. There is good news, however, as by identifying your body shape, you can work with it to improve your overall health and appearance. Here are the four main female body shapes and what they mean for your health. Apple with tape measure round Apple shape What is an apple shape? Apple-shaped individuals carry excess weight around their abdomens (a “spare tyre") and lack a well-defined waistline. Weight gain tends to go straight to the tummy area and results in a rounded profile. What does it mean for your health? Unfortunately, apple-shaped women tend to be at greater risk of many health issues than those of other shapes. According to studies, those who carry extra weight around the middle are at higher risk of diabetes, heart problems, breast cancer, depression and fertility issues. The apple shape diet and exercise plan Anybody who is carrying excess weight will improve their health and fitness through diet and exercise. However, it is especially important for apple-shaped women to take steps to achieve or maintain a healthy weight. To reduce your waistline, you should opt for a minimum of 30 minutes of cardio exercise every day (such as running, swimming, cycling and aerobics) to target fat and improve heart health. It is important to also make dietary changes by cutting back on calories (sticking to around 1500 calories a day), opting for low-GI foods and cutting out saturated fats as much as possible. As research also suggests that stress can lead to increased storage of fat around the middle, apple-shaped women may also find it helpful to supplement their cardio workouts with a relaxing form of exercise such as yoga or Tai Chi. Ruler shape What is a ruler shape? The “ruler” refers to a body shape where fat is distributed evenly and measurements of chest, hips and waist are all relatively similar, giving the body a straight ruler shape. Ruler-shaped women are not exempt from weight problems (you can still be overweight and a ruler); however many slender women do fall into this category. What does it mean for your health? Ruler-shaped women tend to have faster metabolisms than those of other shapes, meaning that they can lose weight more easily through diet and exercise. However, without an appropriate diet and exercise plan, ruler-shaped ladies tend to gain weight on the stomach, leading to similar health issues as apple-shaped females. The ruler shape diet and exercise plan Luckily for ruler-shaped ladies, weight gain and loss tends to be pretty even. However, this can also cause frustration for women who long for a shapelier figure. As for those of all shapes, regular cardio workouts are essential for keeping weight off and maintaining good health; however, ruler-shaped women may also want to incorporate a program of resistance training to help sculpt the body. By building up muscles in the chest and bum area and tightening their core, ruler-shaped females can create definition and add curves. Many ruler-shaped women are naturally thin; however it is still important for them to follow a healthy diet. While some slimmer individuals believe that they can eat whatever they want, a poor diet can still lead to poor health and energy levels regardless of your weight. Try to opt for a balanced diet high in nutritious foods rather than empty calories. Pear shape What is a pear shape? According to researchers at the North Carolina State University, just over one fifth of women are pear-shaped, making it a very common body shape. Women of this shape have a larger hip than bust measurement and weight tends to settle on the lower part of the body; on the bum, hips and thighs. What does it mean for your health? To begin with the bad news, research has found that pear-shaped women are at greater risk of dangerous blood clots including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and are more likely to suffer from memory loss and arthritis later in life. However, on a brighter note, studies have also found that having a big bum and thighs has some great health benefits, as fat stored in this area mops up harmful fatty acids and cuts your risk of heart disease, diabetes and stroke. The pear shape diet and exercise plan Although fat stored on the hips and thighs appears to be better for your health than that stored on the abdomen, being overweight still has health implications regardless of where it is stored. Furthermore, without careful weight management pear-shaped women can start to pile on weight on the abdomen and waist too. To help maintain a healthy weight, pear-shaped women should focus on cardio exercises which target the lower body such as step aerobics, cycling and walking. Resistance training for the upper body can also help balance out your shape. Pear-shaped ladies should also implement a healthy, balanced eating plan which can help with weight maintenance as well as helping to prevent cellulite. Eating foods rich in Omega-3 fatty acids can also help ward off memory problems and Alzheimer’s, which appear to be more prevalent in pear-shaped women. Hourglass shape What is an hourglass shape? The hourglass shape is one of the most sought after body shapes but also one of the least common, belonging to just eight per cent of women. For hourglass-shaped women the hip and bust measurements are of a similar size, with a much narrower waist measurement. Weight gain tends to accumulate on the chest, arms, hips and bum rather than the abdomen. What does it mean for your health? Hourglass-shaped women are lucky in that weight distribution tends to be even, rather than accumulating in one particular area of the body. They also tend not to gain weight on the abdomen. Furthermore, research has suggested that women with hourglass figures are more fertile and may have higher intelligence levels. The hourglass shape diet and exercise plan Hourglass figures tend to be quite well balanced, so hourglass-shaped women should focus on maintaining their shape with full-body workouts such as circuit training; combining cardio to keep off excess weight and resistance training to tone up. A healthy balanced diet will also help you maintain your curves. Like apple-shaped women, hourglass-shaped ladies may also wish to opt for relaxing exercises such as yoga, as studies suggest that stress can cause fat to shift from the hips to the waist. As curvy hourglass women are also prone to back pain, try doing exercises which strengthen the core and improve posture such as Pilates, and make sure you invest in a good, supportive exercise bra for all workouts. Read more on realbuzz.com...7 quick tricks for a beautiful body4 workouts to target your trouble spotsFollow realbuzz on Twitter
LPP #58 Feeling Invisible & Letting Go of “Should” with Anna Sweeney This episode is with Anna Sweeney, MS, RD, LDN, CEDRD-S. Anna is a Certified Eating Disorder Registered Dietitian, Certified Sports Nutritionist, Certified Intuitive Eating Specialist and founder of Whole Life Nutrition. You can find her on Instagram @dieticiananna IN THIS EPISODE WE DISCUSS: x How ED awareness week can be triggering for some people who are still struggling x The physical depiction of what recovery looks like is limiting. Anna has a strong desire to change the representation of what recovery looks like x Her diagnosis with MS and the story of her sister’s ED x her experience of being seen as “other”, feeling invisible to others because of her wheelchair (she can relate to others who may feel excluded by societal norms) x When we actively avoid seeing the things that make us uncomfortable, so as not to stare, we are in fact not acknowledging someone. Which is the equivalent of erasing this person from your field of vision – and they can see you doing that x Choosing the path of least resistance which is 1000% acceptance x The false illusion of control, that we are in control of the disorder, when in fact the disorder is controlling us x Tell ourselves new stories, so much of coming home to ourselves is an intentional unlearning to undo what we were taught about our bodies, food, and appetite x Giving up her love of buying and wearing high heels: buying into this story she had around high heels. High heels in her closet becoming a “wall of should” x High heels represent success, longer more attractive legs, the meaning she was making out of the shoe. Spending money on these shoes that reinforced of how something is wrong with her. How she “should” be different. Even though the foot ware was completely inappropriate for her. x Choosing to live in a place that is gentle and kind x Dismantling diet culture, Being an anarchist and the challenges that come with going against societal norms. Diet-culture chastises those who do not subscribe and frames them as being self-involved or “letting yourself go”
The “Spirits of Winchester” Halloween walking tour with the Cabinet Rooms Winchester Cathedral was built over 900 years ago. Yet, the grassy land in front of it – the Outer Close – is lacking in gravestones. It wasn’t always like this – the cathedral cleared the area in the 19th century. One of the few headstones that survived this cull was that of Thomas Thetcher, also known as the “Hampshire Grenadier”. Thetcher died in 1764, aged 26. The cause of his early demise? “A violent fever, contracted by drinking small beer when hot”, according to the inscription on his grave. This veiled warning against drinking to excess was one of the stops tonight on our “Spirits of Winchester” Halloween walking tour, which was led by Gary and Marcus of the Cabinet Rooms. Now it wasn’t just Marcus’s ghostly yarns that were scaring me – I was also petrified that the pint of ale I downed straight after I got off the train was going to give me a deadly fever. Luckily, my chances of death by beer were diminished tonight because it was rum taking centre stage this evening, along with the tales lurking in the shadows around the city. We kicked things off at Chococo with a deliciously rich hot chocolate fortified with rum. Here, death by chocolate was on the cards, especially when Gary passed round the Twisted Nose choccies – heavenly spheres of Dorset cream mixed with Twisted Nose Gin and Alresford watercress. We then set off on our walking tour. Marcus provided the haunting commentary as we visited various eerie locations in the city, his black cape fluttering in the devilish breeze. We began at the bottom of town at the Abbey Passage by the Guildhall and had a look around Cathedral Close where we encountered Thetcher’s final resting place under the inky shadows of a large yew tree. We then headed up through the city stopping off at every spot that had a Halloween-themed story lurking in its history. These included the city’s former jailhouse, the Theatre Royal and a pub that claims to be the oldest in England. At one point, Marcus regaled us with some of the stories of unexplained incidents in the ancient cellar of “God Begot House”, a building which dates from 1050. He also explained that the bell that rings for five minutes every evening at 8pm is Winchester’s curfew bell – the signal in medieval times for the townspeople to extinguish their fires for the night. Not that there were many chimneys smoking tonight because it was mild for the time of year. We learned too about the last days of the life of Dame Alice Lisle, who was beheaded outside the Eclipse Inn in 1685. Her crime was hiding soldiers who were attempting to overthrow the king. It could have been worse for the dame – the judge first ordered that she be burned at the stake. Nevertheless, her ghost is said to haunt the first floor rooms of the Eclipse, where she spent her last night. Our walking tour concluded at the Green Man pub on Southgate Street, a few minutes after the 8pm curfew bell had finished echoing through the city. When we arrived, Gary led us down a narrow stairway to the low-ceilinged cellar for some more stories about the ghosts that haunt this hostelry. The cellar, dark except for some candles offering small oases of welcome light, was deadly quiet – a little too quiet considering the hubbub on the floors above. Who was the veiled woman stood motionless in the doorway on the way down?! Once Gary had told some tales about his strange experiences in the cellar during his shifts at the pub, we retired to the upper floors to finish off the evening. Unsurprisingly, no one wanted to be the last one up the cellar steps. As we settled ourselves in one of the pub’s impressive dining rooms, we each steadied our nerves with a warm cocktail made with rum, cloudy apple juice, ginger and poached pear. A few of us were soon requesting the recipe, so nice it was. We then enjoyed a bowl of rich beef chilli with fluffy rice, freshly made guacamole and sour cream. If the haunting stories we’d heard earlier had affected anyone’s appetites, it wasn’t showing – the room went ghostly silent as we all tucked in. The guacamole was particularly delicious – refreshing and tangy. A tasty bread was available too. Eager for more spectral tales, we then listened intently as Gary told us more stories about the strange goings on at this pub including how staff often hear the sound of chains clanging in the corridors. If these walls could talk, they’d probably be too petrified to make any sense. Meanwhile, we had a choice of cupcakes for dessert – “glass wound” or “bloody brain”. I chose the the brain. By now, having been fed, watered and entertained so brilliantly by Gary and Marcus throughout the evening, I’d suppressed my earlier concerns about drinking beer. So I promptly ordered a pint of Betty Stogs to complete the most fun Halloween evening I’d had in years. Info: There are various Cabinet Rooms events throughout the year throughout the year. The next event is “Return to Ginchester” on Saturday 14 November, which includes gin tasting, insights into the craft gin movement, a look at the history of the much-loved gin and tonic, and more. Gary and Marcus are also involved in Winchester Cocktail Week, which is coming to the city for the first time in February next year. Disclaimer: The Cabinet Rooms didn’t charge me for my ticket to this event.
Author Archive Hey folks! You won’t be able to see this for a while, but it’s so awesome I can’t not write this RIGHT NOW! So BRBcoffee has moved around quite a bit, and even changed names every now and again, but this is by far the best relocation to date! Guess from whence your magical computing device is currently furiously fetching packages at almost the speed of light! Go on, guess, I’ll wait. . . . It’s my own server! Kinda. Did you guess right? Ok, ok, just let me explain. It’s not actually my own physical computer, that would be silly of me, my home server is only up about 80% of the time, and is vulnerable to all kinds of failures, never mind the fact that I break the software on it all the time. My computer/server is my tinkerbox, it’s where I’ve learned all the awesome computer stuff that I know, so there’s no way I’d let web traffic crash it. But if it’s not really my server, how can it be my server, you ask? Well, there’s this magical thing called cloud computing, and Amazon’s kind is the best. Enter Amazon Web Services You know, me and Amazon, we’re cool. These are the things I like about Amazon: Okay, so it’s not a very balanced relationship, but hey,what can you do? Anyway, they’ve got this thing called Amazon Web Services, which I’ve known about for a while now, but never really started using, because even though I knew it wasn’t all that expensive, it just seemed like I didn’t have the needs that mandated cashing out for their services. Turns out they have a free tier that lasts for a whole year! And what’s this free tier like? Lots of ads, limited to no functionality, the usual shazam, right? Not at all! I have not seen a single ad thus far, and with the free tier, you can: Run up to two micro Could Computing Instances (EC2) Have up to 30GB of persistent Elastic Block Storage (EBS) Reserve one elastic ip (read: static ip), free for life! Run all kinds of operating systems on your EC2 instances Run the instances for 750 hours a month! (That’s 31 days, or all month long baby!) Lots of other stuff I don’t even know what does yet! So that’s what I’m doing now. The learning curve is kinda steep, took me about two days to figure out enough to get this stuff working, and a lot of trial and error. RIP all you failed EC2 instances, I’m sorry for my incompetence. Anyhoo, how about when the free trial ends, you ask? Well, I done crunched the numbers, and it comes out to like ten bucks or so, and that’s supposing I don’t come up with a clever caching method to keep stuff from being read from the permanent storage as much as possible. Now, it’s not like I’d do all this just so I could have complete control over my website (I totally would, actually), oh no, there’s much more to it. See, what you see is this website. What I see is my own server pushing out my own content. Pretty sweet, but allow me to underline the important part there. What I see is my own server pushing out my own content. It’s basically a nice little box with ridiculous bandwidth and impossibly fast disk access running GNU/Linux, and I can do whatever I want with it. So what have I got it doing for me, besides serving up this website? Well, it’s a git server, for one. My source code is scattered around the web, because different projects called for different services. Now all I have to do is install a Linux package or two, and I’ve got the service I need, all coming out of one place, namely supercharged BRBcoffee.com. I know unauthorized people won’t be able to peek at my stuff, because people I don’t explicitly allow aren’t even able to reach the login screen. I’ll sure as hell be using it as a vpn when I’m on public wifi, the speed hit will hardly be noticeable. I’ll be serving all kinds of appdata from here when my apps start popping up in the Play Store. It’s everything and anything I want it to be, and that’s the beauty of it! I think that’s enough gushing for one night, and I gotta get up soon. In the meantime, you go check out AWS, and start your free trial. Oh, what am I talking about, you won’t even be able to read this until the DNS refreshes. Song of the blog: You know, I didn’t even listen to music while I wrote this, but have my new favorite song anyway. 君に願いを I’ve finally gotten around to paying the horrible price of 25$ for an Android Developer License. I’m working on a presentation program which can be downloaded for free for PC, Mac, and Linux, and download a remote app for your phone. The app is quite simple, with just a few buttons to control the computer program. The trick is that you can connect to your computer both over bluetooth and wifi, such that even if you do not have access to a wifi you can still connect to your phone and look professional. I would estimate that I am about 70% done with the development process, and I have learned quite a lot about Android networking while working on this. The developer name is BRBcoffee, and users will be able to download the computer program from this site. Sadly I will not make the app available outside of the Google Play store, as I cannot compete with the Goog when it comes to update functionality. At first I will not be supporting notes in powerpoint presentations. If I do implement it you will be able to click a button on your phone to show the notes for the current slide. I can imagine that a lot of users would want this, but it would definitely make the app less user friendly. The vision is that you won’t need any kind of technical know-how in order to use the app, that it will rely mostly on icons to convey meaning, and as little text as possible. If I am to develop an app for the iPhone I would have to earn enough to continually pay for an iOS Developer License, as this will cost four times as much(!) and still reach fewer users.. Merry Christmas y’all! Did you have a good holiday? I got 10 days back with my entire family, and my brother’s girlfriend spent her first Christmas in Norway with us. It was all pretty fantastic. I got a limit break’s worth of stuff, apparently that’s what Christmas is about now, but I’m not complaining. The present I appreciate the most was also the simplest, and about the only thing I really knew I wanted beforehand: a set of knitting needles and some yarn. So that’s what I’m doing these days, I’m knitting. I haven’t been doing this since elementary school, so I needed a project that would let me get back into the stuff, and that would allow me to practice. Can you guess what it is? I suppose everyone starts with this, so it’s not really original or anything. Here’s another hint: Wow, my Jelly Bean ROM’s camera is bad! So it’s a washcloth? Nope, it’s gonna be a ridiculously long scarf! That’s right, Burnie’s making a scarf for himself. Are you surprised by the choice of color? I got the tools and the yarn from my godmother, and she said she didn’t even consider any other colors. Apparently people know me. I got three balls of red yarn, but It think an entirely red scarf will be sorta boring. It’s too late to make it a Doctor Who scarf, but I’m definitely making that later. I am heading to a crafting store today and getting some more colors for sure, I can make red flags for the revolution when it draws closer. I’ve joined ravelry after someone in the #desertbus irc channel suggested it to me, and I’ve found some really cool patterns already. Just try and tell me you don’t want this black mage pattern for your oven mitten thingiemajigger, what do you even call these? In other news, I’m removing the comment section. Everything doesn’t need to be commentable on the internet. If you want to comment on a post, tweet about it! You can even get us involved by mentioning @BRBcoffee! So I finally went out and got a usb pen with more than 2Gb worth of space on it, and I did this really just for one reason: I wanted to try out this thing I’d seen over at hak5 a long time ago. This thing that I wanted to try out is the ultimate hacker tool, the multipass. It’s time to put our white hats on. Go ahead and make yourself a good cup of coffee to enjoy before reading ahead. It isn’t a very difficult process, but coffee and hacking go well together 🙂 To put it simply, the concept is that you want one usb stick with many different tools on it. Usually, if you want to put a tool like Ubuntu on a usb stick what you do is use unetbootin, or a linux tool like dd, and write the entire disk image to your stick, and that’s it, you’ve got a live usb stick, and you can use it just fine, but it’s really not that versatile, and it’s not a very efficient use of 16Gb of space. If you want to try a different system you have to start all over again, and you lose any customizations you’ve made to your live system. So, hak5 ran this episode where they showed how to get around this using GRUB, the standard linux bootloader. Now, they used legacy GRUB, which is ancient technology, so I opted to try doing it with the newer GRUB2 which is a beautiful modular replacement. Later on I found that on the hak5 forums they’ve got guides for using GRUB2, but most of it is still centered around the old GRUB. This might be because doing it with GRUB2 is really easy, especially if you’re already familiar with GRUB. So how do you do it? I will assume from this point on that you’re working from a linux environment, but most of this can easily be done from Windows as well, just google it! Format your usb stick. Fire up your favorite partitioning tool, preferably one with support for linux filesystems, though fat32 should work as well. I recommend Gparted. You want to format your usb stick with an MBR table, and one partition formatted to ext4. For good measure you can also add boot to the partition flags. You can have another partition for storing data, but it’s not necessary, you can store that on your primary partition. Install GRUB The first thing you need to do is figure out what your disk identifier is, and mount that disk. After that you will do the actual install of GRUB. This will write to the boot sector of your usb stick and add a boot folder with modules for file systems and graphics, nifty stuff! So, here’s how you do it: sudo fdisk -l You’ll get some output showing information about your disks. You’ll probably have a few partitions that start with /dev/sda, and then your usb will be /dev/sdb or /dev/sdc if you have more than one usb connected. Based on the information you will be able to tell which is your multipass. The entries with numbers on the end are partitions, so you want both /dev/sdX and /dev/sdXY where X is the letter and Y is the number. Once you know that you’re ready to move on. So we’ve got GRUB installed, but we still haven’t got any operating systems on there yet, so go ahead and download your favorite tool. Just for simplicity I’m going to be using ubuntu as an example, but the options are virtually limitless. Once we have our Ubuntu.iso we’re going to make a folder on the usb stick called iso, and copy the iso file into it. Afterwards you go into /mnt/usb/boot/grub and create a new file called grub.cfg. This is where you add boot entries and a lot of other good stuff. For now I’ll show you how to do a basic boot entry, and in a later entry I’ll show you how to theme it to your liking. So about that grub.cfg file: root (hda0,msdos1): We’re telling grub to use the first partition on our usb. It’s hda0 now, instead of sdX.loopback loop /iso/Ubuntu.iso: Loop is a handy tool familiar to many linux users, it mounts an image as if it were a partition.linux (loop)/.../vmlinuz: This is the kernel line, telling grub where the linux kernel is within the mounted (loop) system. Different tools put this in different places, but for all ubuntu based live tools it’s always under casper. The stuff after vmlinuz is options passed to the kernel, and will also be different for different tools.initrd (loop)/casper/initrd.lz: The filesystem to be loaded into RAM and passed to the kernel for startup. The options after the linux kernel line will vary somewhat from tool to tool, but not by a whole lot. Again, the guys over at the hak5 are pretty much the authority on this stuff, so if you’re having trouble getting a specific tool to work, just head over there and someone is likely to have a working config there. If you want to add another tool to your multipass all you have to do is move the iso to your iso directory on the multipass and add a menuentry to grub.cfg. In most linux systems updating grub.cfg is done with automated tools, but for multipass you want to edit it yourself. Fun fact, this blog was written on a lubuntu live from my multipass. I went back into my primary OS in order to grab this screenshot of my bootloader though. As you can see I’ve kinda messed up the font and hightlights, but you get the gist of what’s possible 🙂 Hello peeps, what’s up? I know right, two blog posts in the same year, what the hell!? Well, it has been documentet on several occasions that I get very productive during exams, I just don’t direct my energy towards the exams themselves. Hell, this whole blog project was started the day before a final exam back in high school. Anyway, you’re probably wondering what the title has to do with this, which is almost nothing, except that exams are closing in, and I’m doing cool shit that I want to blog about. I’ve had this magnificent tablet that I’m typing on right now for a year, I think, maybe a year and a half, and it’s pretty rockin’. I’m an android power user, if such a thing exists, starting out on the HTC Hero, and staying there long past its expected lifetime, because I refused to spend money I didn’t really have on a new device, opting instead to flash unofficial ROMs from the lovely people over at the xda forums in order to stay with the times and the new features that came with new versions of android. God, I can’t even imagine the pain I’d experience if I had to go back to running Cupcake (android 1.6) on my Hero again, that’d be a nightmare! Anyway, at one point I lost my phone when I was in Oslo, and I had to purchase a new phone. I was pleased with my Hero, but I took it as an opportunity to make an upgrade, going with the Desire Z, which still to this day has the best qwerty keyboard of any phone on the market. That phone was rooted within an hour after I bought it, and it now runs a recent build of Ice Cream Sandwich (android 4.0). The keyboard is essential, but I’ll get back to that later. My point is that I love android. Any loyal readers will know that I love linux, and would install it on myself if I had a usb port and a network connection, and now I have this tablet thingie, with a keyboard dock that I got last christmas, and I’ve been using it on and off as a productivity device after my netbook’s battery died (fun fact, my netbook is also running a recent version of ICS from the android-x86 project). Now, while this gives me a nerdboner, tablets have limitations. The system isn’t really meant to be a replacement for your desktop OS, and working around these limitations at this point can get tiresome, and if you’ve ever opened up a terminal emulator on android, you’ll know that while it is running linux, it’s pretty barebones stuff. BUT! It is linux, and where there’s linux there’s a way. I read a blog post a few days ago, I’ll link to it if I ever find it in my history, about a man who’d switched his workflow from a macbook to an ipad, and loved it. Now, this poses some problems for a computer engineer, but none that can’t be overcome with relative ease. I say relative, because you do need to be comfortable with the command line interface. Quick, think, what do you have stored in the cloud? I’m going to make an educated guess, and say you have music somewhere, email, probably some shared documents on Google Drive, and pictures in Picasa or Flickr. But that’s just for storage right? Well, yes, but they’re stored on computers, and if you take those fancy schmancy services away, you’re left with exactly what I need in order to work effectively from my tablet, a linux server with none of the hardware and system limitations of my android tablet. The guy who wrote the blog post was working from an ipad, and he was leasing a server (for pretty damn cheap) system called Linode. Now, I’ve looked at this before, but even if it’s cheap I just don’t feel that I can justify the extra monthly purchase. Luckily, a solution has been there for me all along, I just didn’t think about it much: I have access to the unix servers at the University in Stavanger! I got access way back in my freshman year! These are pretty powerful machines, able to handle the workloads of many students and employees simultaneously, and the internet speeds I can enjoy from them are out of this world. When Google told me syncing the android source tree would take an hour, I farted in their general direction, and then the sync was pretty much done. I’ve lost my train of thought, where was I? Oh, yes, I have access to powerful machines though ssh, the secure shell protocol. All I needed was an android client, and I should be golden. Of course, this wasn’t exactly the case. The one thing people always bring up as a negative aspect of android is that it’s fragmented. As opposed to iGadgets, which are all produced by the same company, android gadgets are produced by a wide spectrum of companies, and they don’t allways see eye to eye when it comes to how to implement things, so you get things like tons of different keyboard layouts. I mentioned that my phone has the best keyboard out there for phones, but that’s just my (and HTCs) opinion. Samsung probably has a different idea, and Motorola a third, which is reflected in the keyboard dock I have. Now, I had downloaded an ssh client called ConnectBot, a great piece of software, except it doesn’t really support hardware keyboards that well, having been designed for a system that deals primarily with on-screen keyboards. It has a few workarounds for adding modifier keys (such as ctrl, alt, shift), but my keyboard actually has these keys, they just aren’t registered by the software! ARGH! There are even some bugs with this in the operating system itself, but the tablet comes with a software keyboard designed by Samsung that allows everything to work great. Except ConnectBot can’t know this, and can’t be designed to work with every single keyboard program for android, because there are, like, a thousand. Really. So I got frustrated, I needed keyboard shortcuts in order to use the programs that make working in the linux cli (command line interface) awesome and effective, but none of them were working! I downloaded experimental versions, I complained in the irc room, no one answered, and I downloaded more experimental versions and other programs. Nothing worked, and I was starting to feel jealous of the iPad guy, I was in a bad mood. And then I had an idea, why don’t I try to change the software keyboard? Ta-fucking-DAAAAA! Works like a charm. Well, alt key interactions don’t work, because this norwegian dock only has the alt-gr key, and I still have to use an experimental tablet version for it to work, but other than that, all is dandy! So, I bet you’re all wondering, but what can you do with it!? What I can do with it I can connect to a powerful machine from anywhere in the world! I can use Gnu screen, a tool that lets me have many terminal windows open at the same time, and switch between them quickly. Screen is cool for another reason, it keeps all my terminal windows, even when I log out, even if I lose my internet connection, even if I burn my tablet.. Say I’m working on some files, have a blog post open in emacs, and I’m compiling a large project, when my tablet unexpectedly reboots. If I’d have been working locally, that would all most likely be irrevocably lost. Now, I can go make a cup of coffee, run down to the library, open up a portable ssh client, and log into the system again. It’s all there, and hey! The program is done compiling! Screen keeps doing shit while I’m not logged in, and that’s awesome Holy shit that’s a lot of emphasis in one bulletpoint, but Screen is just that good. I can keep my cool. Serious programmers are likely to have some serious computing power sitting at home, churning away at their programs, and it gets hot, seriously hot. When I’m working from my tablet, it’s not actually doing anything intensive, so while the heavy machinery on campus is running laps around your computer, my battery will last all day. I don’t need more than this single-core ARM processor (over)clocked at 1.4Ghz. I can goof around. While Screen is making sure that my shit keeps running on campus, I can disconnect and play some smooth games on my tablet. I can’t stress this enough, my tablet is completely unaffected by what the server is doing! I can never buy a normal computer again. I will though, I need to play Diablo III. I can compile the linux kernel in less time than it takes me to go to the store and buy donuts. I can check the progress on the linux kernel compilation from my phone while I’m going to the store! Yes, my phone can connect via ssh too, android is android, and the keyboard on the DZ is sweet enough that if the compile failed, I can change a few small things around and try again before the cashier can offer me my receipt. I can fly! Well, that’s not true, but I can make a server farm output this: I can do more, but this blog post is already much too long. See ya on the other side!
× Thanks for reading! Log in to continue. Enjoy more articles by logging in or creating a free account. No credit card required. Log in Sign up {{featured_button_text}} We live in unprecedented times, so add this to the record book: There were no arrests in Butte on St. Patrick’s Day. So folks, that means no one was caught driving under the influence, no one underage was charged with being a minor in possession, there were no fights that led to arrests, and as for disorderly conducts — zilch on that one, too. According to Butte-Silver Bow Undersheriff George Skuletich, residents obeyed the law. The lack of arrests is a first for Skuletich, who has been in law enforcement for the past 35 years. “It’s the easiest we have had it,” he said. Looking back on the last 10 years of St. Patrick’s Day celebrations, he’s right. The Irish holiday was celebrated mid-week in 2010, so the crowd was smaller. Even so, 40 people were arrested for disorderly conduct or urinating in public. Also, there were 30 MIP tickets handed out. As for DUIs, six people were jailed for that offense. The 2011 Montana Standard reported “fewer shenanigans,” with 37 arrests, including 10 people being charged with driving under the influence.
i disagree with the idea that suh, calvin and matt will get us to the superbowl (which i hope im wrong). but i really cant argue with the rest of what you said. all i know is that nate is gone, delmas is gone, pettigrew likely gone, we dont have a cornerback worthy of starting on the team, and besides calvin we dont have a wr worthy of being on the team besides ross which is only because of his kick returning ability and that is what makes him worth keeping. you eliminate one of them big contracts on the team and then there is money to shore up those needs. in my opinion you can shore them areas up if you let suh go whether it be trading him or letting him walk away. i prefer to trade him and get something out of him. The 2008 ARI team and the 2011 NYG team proved you only have to get hot in the playoffs to make it to the Super Bowl. good teams dont end up drafting top 5 every year and having 3 players at over 15 mil per season. its crippling I should have been more specific. Top tier, all pro type players who aren't huge problems for their teams are almost never traded, and in the rare case when they are, it almost always works out better for the teams who receive them. The team who trades them almost always ends up worse off. Let's go one by one: Marshall: Great player, and was traded twice due to behavioral stuff. The teams who traded him definitely got the worse end of the deals.Faulk: A truly great player when he was traded. Indy got absolutely hosed in this deal. Seymour: One of the rare deals where both teams ended up doing well.Lynch: Wasn't even the starting RB on his team when he was traded. He didn't break out until he got to Seattle, who got the far better end of that deal.Richardson: What? He's not top tier. He hasn't done anything. Wasn't any good in Cleveland, and is arguably worse in Indy. Shouldn't be on this list.Owens: A great, all pro player who was a problem everywhere he went. Teams that received him were better for a year or two, then couldn't wait to get rid of him. A weird case.Hadl: Um, who? I looked him up. Seems to be a stud player who had 1 good year after he was traded, then went downhill. Definitely not traded in his prime.Favre: Was nothing when Atlanta sent him to the Packers. He threw a total of 4 passes in his career prior to the trade. Then when the Packers let him go he was WAY past his prime. Bobby Layne: Really? You're going to use Bobby Layne as an example to justify the Lions trading away a star player. Yeah that worked out really well last time.Haynes: Great player. Wasn't traded or let go. It was a settlement that was effectively a trade, and it worked out much better for the raiders (the team who he went to)Dickerson: a truly elite player who changed teams in his prime. The Colts got a hall of fame player, and the Rams got Gaston Green, Aaron Cox, Fred Strickland, Cleveland Gary, Frank Stams, and Darryl Henley. Way better deal for the Colts.Richter: He was drafted before playing. Essentially a draft day trade. Not the same as what we're talking about here.Moss: Was not at his peak when he was traded. Was coming off two down years and was injured. Didn't play well in Oakland and didn't pick back up until he went to New England. New England definitely got the better of that deal.Bettis: Top tier player and both teams benefited. A rarity.Walker: Pretty much the worst trade in NFL history. He was way past his prime and the Vikings got hosed.Steve Young: Young had done nothing when he was traded, then rode the bench behind Montana for 3 years before he got his chance. He was never traded again at his peak.Elway: Huh? Only ever played for the Broncos. He was a draft trade, and the Broncos got the WAY better end of the deal.Belichik: he was a failed head coach who was supposed to take over for the jets when he went to the Pats. He definitely wasn't a top tier guy at that point. So let's see, there's 4 or 5 examples of top tier guys who were traded or let go, and in all but one case the team who picked up the player got the better end of the deal. So tell me again why the Lions should want to get rid of their best defensive (and maybe best overall) player? As for your comment about the money, that's in the past now, and what the Lions can do is restructure the deals to be more cap friendly. It's what they've been doing every offseason, and it's working. They'll have to continue to do it for now if they want to keep their talent. thats great you break all them down, but your question was you couldnt even think of 1 example besides the herschel walker trade. i just wanted to shed some light on that and show you that it does happen. Plus i would say that suh is a problem because of his salary. plus he is not exactly a model citizen himself with all his on and off the field issues. thats great you break all them down, but your question was you couldnt even think of 1 example besides the herschel walker trade. i just wanted to shed some light on that and show you that it does happen. Plus i would say that suh is a problem because of his salary. plus he is not exactly a model citizen himself with all his on and off the field issues. Yeah, I was thinking more about the fact that the teams who do those things aren't very good, and I didn't word my thoughts very well. To me, the bottom line is whether or not it makes a team better. And the overwhelming evidence shows that teams who trade away top tier talent end up worse off in the deal. Pretty much the only examples where it works out for the team trading away the player is when the player is past his prime and some other team overpays for him. That's what happened with Walker. And that's definitely not the case with Suh. He's definitely in his prime and is one of the best in the league at his position. Getting rid of him will most likely make the team worse. Could it possibly work out that the team is better without him? Sure. That's always a possibility. But I think it's a very, very small possibility. Also, as I noted his salary will continue to be reworked every few years to make it a more cap friendly deal. That's what the Lions have been doing with CJ, Staff, and Suh over the pat few years, and they'll continue to do it. And as for him being a problem, I'd say that's much more a product of the media than anything real. Sure, he makes boneheaded plays from time to time. But on balance, over the past couple seasons, he's had very few bad plays. The media just jumps all over anything and reports it like he shot a guy. His own teammates elected him captain, and everyone who is willing to put his name behind his comments unequivocally says Suh is a great teammate. _________________"Facts are stubborn things; and whatever may be our wishes, our inclinations, or the dictates of our passions, they cannot alter the state of facts and evidence." - John Adams “The good thing about science is that it's true whether or not you believe in it.” - Neil deGrasse Tyson I'll take a guy who plays at an elite level and has minor traffic infractions every day of the week. In pretty much every incident that he's been involved in, it's come out that he didn't do anything seriously wrong. Yes he did some dumb things, but nobody died, he didn't beat anyone up, etc. Every NFL team would take Suh in a heartbeat. _________________"Facts are stubborn things; and whatever may be our wishes, our inclinations, or the dictates of our passions, they cannot alter the state of facts and evidence." - John Adams “The good thing about science is that it's true whether or not you believe in it.” - Neil deGrasse Tyson February 17th, 2014, 11:54 am HechePipe Pop Warner Allstar Joined: September 23rd, 2013, 1:09 pmPosts: 146 Re: We need to trade Suh. vankman79 wrote: your not getting my example, it might be some other players they spend the money on. either way the lions would lose something at defensive tackle but gain in other spots. lets say they get jason hatcher, rilley cooper, and vontae davis. hakeem nicks and brent grimes. tj ward and alterraun verner. dominique rodgers cromartie and jarius byrd. chris clemons, eric decker, captain munnerlyn. there are all kinds of good players that could be picked up with the money saved by not signing him to a long term deal and trading him away. every one of them scenarios are wins but on top of that you still have the draft picks you got in return for suh which is a first round pick. but your not trading suh for just the 1st and 3rd round picks. your also signing guys with what would have been his salary which are proven talent. Oh, I get your point.Let me reiterate:There is no guarantee that you will sign any of those guy just based on trading Suh. There's also no guarantee that any draft pick will perform and give the Lions what Suh gives the Lions. There's no guarantee that any of those players you've mentioned will come here be able to contribute the way Suh has.But I'll tell you what IS guaranteed. It's guaranteed that you have a proven player on your roster who is considered by many to be the best at his position unless you trade him away. Since you love playing the "what-if" game, let me bestow a "what-if" to you:What if, against all odds, you do draft that difference maker in the first round. He isn't making that much money as a rookie, but he explodes as an NFL player, makes the Pro Bowl in his first year, becomes the face of the franchise. With me so far? Good.Now what happens in the off-season after earning a menial wage as a rookie? I'll bet dollars to donuts that he demands a higher salary and a new contract. If he's really good, in all likelihood, he demands something similar to what Suh is making. What do you do then?TRADE HIM!!!! HE MAKES TOO MUCH MONEY, HE HAS TO GO!!!!Tell me, at what point do you accept that you have a talented player and you have to pay actual money to keep his services? Of course, the Lions could have a team perpetually filled with cheap role-players and rookies that, once they pan out, are traded because they make too much money. Obviously a fool-proof recipe for success.Sounds to me like, if you were a Pats fan, you'd also want Tom Brady to be traded. Not much difference there. Both players make lots of money, both players are elite at their position and both players have a proven track record. You don't trade Richard Sherman, you don't trade Brady and the Lions shouldn't trade Suh for draft picks. It's ridiculous and it ignores the most obvious history of these situations failing the team that trades the player. It's fun fodder, but if you really believe the Lions wouldn't be totally assraped in a deal like that, you're ignoring the fact that you're trading an absolute for an uncertainty. You wouldn't do it with your life savings, you wouldn't do it with your career and the Lions would be really stupid to do it to their talent. February 17th, 2014, 7:07 pm vankman79 Div 1 - Starter Joined: August 19th, 2010, 9:24 pmPosts: 584 Re: We need to trade Suh. tom brady is only one player earning that high of a salary on that team. the lions have 3 of them. suhs contract is inflated due to what his rookie deal was so now he is gonna want a raise. if you draft the guy in the draft then you dont have to pay him as much as you have to pay suh after the rookie deal just because he is a good player. there will be no discounts from suh, he is gonna cost a bunch of money. im not gonna say he is not a good player, but he isnt even the best defensive tackle in the league so why should the lions pay him like he is just because of his inflated rookie deal? February 18th, 2014, 2:08 am sweetd20 Pro Bowl Player Joined: October 13th, 2005, 9:03 amPosts: 2490 Re: We need to trade Suh. You took it a little too far there in comparing a DT to a QB, I would be all for trading Suh if I knew they would get a fair trade but it isn't happening. The reason I wouldn't mind trading him is because the DT position just isn't a premium position as far as paying players and the return on investment. Most of the teams that have won Super Bowls in recent history haven't had DTs under premium contracts and in a lot of cases haven't had All Pro level DTs, in fact with out looking it up I think Ngata might be the highest paid and Wilfork has been greatly underpaid his entire career. With Ngata he also wasn't on a team with two other mega contracts like Stafford and Johnson have. Suh however just isn't tradable for the simple fact the Lions will never get a favorable trade. Instead the Lions should look to sign him to a seven year $115 million contract with say a $42 million signing bonus. The caveat would be a monster base pay in year six of roughly $35 million. In doing so Suh would get another big chunk of change in that $42 million signing bonus while also having his ego stroked by signing the largest contract by a DT. The Lions would benefit by locking him up long term at a manageable per year cost of $16.4 million which would is actually a much lower number when you remove that balloon season in year six. At that point he would be around 34 and they can cut him and take the $12 million cap hit. It's easy to write but if they can get a similar deal done the Lions might actually be viable long term. Sometimes I look at threads like these that are going very deep in discussion and think it doesnt matter anyway because the Lions will never trade him anyway. February 19th, 2014, 3:38 pm inheritedlionsfan League MVP Joined: January 13th, 2006, 4:18 amPosts: 3680Location: Maryland Re: We need to trade Suh. So according to projections we'll need to have about $5.1M allocated for rookies. We currently have between $4 and $5 M in space. So if we don't sign anyone else we're set. We probably have to make around $10M more in space to sign our RFA and ERFA and add a couple new players. February 19th, 2014, 9:43 pm Pablo RIP Killer Joined: August 6th, 2004, 9:21 amPosts: 10024Location: Dallas Re: We need to trade Suh. freep wrote: Ndamukong Suh, Detroit Lions could work on contract extension this week - if he has an agent Ndamukong Suh seems like a bright businessman. He occasionally hangs out with billionaire investor Warren Buffett in the off-season. He has built a personal brand immune to — or perhaps with the help of — some minor on- and off-field troubles. His post-football career appears well thought out. And maybe this is Business 101. Deadlines spur deals, after all, and for Suh and the Detroit Lions, there’s no more pressing deadline then the start of free agency 4 p.m. March 11. That’s when the Lions hope to have Suh signed to a new, long-term contract, which would lock up the game’s best defensive tackle and should give them enough salary cap room to accomplish what they need in free agency: sign a starter or two, like last year. The NFL combine kicks off this week, and every coach, general manager and agent will be in Indianapolis. Along with the obvious weighing, measuring and interviewing of draft prospects, this is where league business gets done. Teams meet with player reps over lunch or dinner or a 10-minute cup of coffee to express their interest in joining forces this fall and beyond — or at least until younger, cheaper options come around. Firm contract offers aren’t usually made here. Technically, that would be tampering if the player is currently with another team, and teams don’t want their deals shopped around three weeks before the start of free agency anyway. The Lions will meet with the reps for most if not all of their free agents this week, and they’d like to sit down with Suh’s contract advisers as well. The only problem is, as of Tuesday, Suh still hadn’t officially signed with an agent — or if he had, no one told the Lions. Suh has been linked to music mogul Jay Z’s Roc Nation Sports agency since he fired his former agents last month. For marketing purposes, at least, that marriage appears set. Suh reportedly attended several Jay Z concerts in recent months, and according to Vibe magazine, Jay Z wore Suh’s black Nebraska No. 93 jersey when he played a concert at Suh’s alma mater in December. But who negotiates Suh’s contract is still a mystery at this point, albeit one that everyone expects to be solved soon. Suh, who was expected to pick from a short list of prominent agents, and perhaps Roc Nation as well, will have tons of leverage when his contract negotiations begin but never more than in the next three weeks. His cap number this fall is more than $22.4 million, which would put his 2015 salary on the franchise tag (if the Lions would dare use it) at almost $26.9 million. Trading Suh is not an option, at this point, with no sense of where negotiations are headed — he’d still take up $19.5 million in cap room if he were dealt, and the win-now Lions would be without their best defensive player. And if the Lions don’t get a deal done this off-season, Suh almost certainly will void his contract five days after next year’s Super Bowl and become an unrestricted free agent. From the Lions’ standpoint, there are contingencies in place if a new deal with Suh can’t get done, though none is ideal. They could cut players like they did with wide receiver Nate Burleson and safety Louis Delmas last week, a dangerous proposition for a team with depth problems as is. They could shuffle money around with simple contract restructurings for players such as wide receiver Calvin Johnson and safety Glover Quin, though that only serves to kick salary cap problems and tough roster decisions further down the road. Suh is coming off maybe the best season of his NFL career. At age 27, he’s still in his prime and has never missed a game due to injury. He was voted a team captain for the first time last year. There are plenty of reasons to keep Suh around for the next few years, and the Lions would like to make it happen. They just have to know when and where — in Indianapolis this week? — to begin. Ndamukong Suh, Detroit Lions could work on contract extension this week - if he has an agent Ndamukong Suh seems like a bright businessman. He occasionally hangs out with billionaire investor Warren Buffett in the off-season. He has built a personal brand immune to — or perhaps with the help of — some minor on- and off-field troubles. His post-football career appears well thought out. And maybe this is Business 101. Deadlines spur deals, after all, and for Suh and the Detroit Lions, there’s no more pressing deadline then the start of free agency 4 p.m. March 11. That’s when the Lions hope to have Suh signed to a new, long-term contract, which would lock up the game’s best defensive tackle and should give them enough salary cap room to accomplish what they need in free agency: sign a starter or two, like last year. The NFL combine kicks off this week, and every coach, general manager and agent will be in Indianapolis. Along with the obvious weighing, measuring and interviewing of draft prospects, this is where league business gets done. Teams meet with player reps over lunch or dinner or a 10-minute cup of coffee to express their interest in joining forces this fall and beyond — or at least until younger, cheaper options come around. Firm contract offers aren’t usually made here. Technically, that would be tampering if the player is currently with another team, and teams don’t want their deals shopped around three weeks before the start of free agency anyway. The Lions will meet with the reps for most if not all of their free agents this week, and they’d like to sit down with Suh’s contract advisers as well. The only problem is, as of Tuesday, Suh still hadn’t officially signed with an agent — or if he had, no one told the Lions. Suh has been linked to music mogul Jay Z’s Roc Nation Sports agency since he fired his former agents last month. For marketing purposes, at least, that marriage appears set. Suh reportedly attended several Jay Z concerts in recent months, and according to Vibe magazine, Jay Z wore Suh’s black Nebraska No. 93 jersey when he played a concert at Suh’s alma mater in December. But who negotiates Suh’s contract is still a mystery at this point, albeit one that everyone expects to be solved soon. Suh, who was expected to pick from a short list of prominent agents, and perhaps Roc Nation as well, will have tons of leverage when his contract negotiations begin but never more than in the next three weeks. His cap number this fall is more than $22.4 million, which would put his 2015 salary on the franchise tag (if the Lions would dare use it) at almost $26.9 million. Trading Suh is not an option, at this point, with no sense of where negotiations are headed — he’d still take up $19.5 million in cap room if he were dealt, and the win-now Lions would be without their best defensive player. And if the Lions don’t get a deal done this off-season, Suh almost certainly will void his contract five days after next year’s Super Bowl and become an unrestricted free agent. From the Lions’ standpoint, there are contingencies in place if a new deal with Suh can’t get done, though none is ideal. They could cut players like they did with wide receiver Nate Burleson and safety Louis Delmas last week, a dangerous proposition for a team with depth problems as is. They could shuffle money around with simple contract restructurings for players such as wide receiver Calvin Johnson and safety Glover Quin, though that only serves to kick salary cap problems and tough roster decisions further down the road. Suh is coming off maybe the best season of his NFL career. At age 27, he’s still in his prime and has never missed a game due to injury. He was voted a team captain for the first time last year. There are plenty of reasons to keep Suh around for the next few years, and the Lions would like to make it happen. They just have to know when and where — in Indianapolis this week? — to begin. The Lions are keeping their best defensive player AND they will have room to grab free agents?I could have sworn the sky was falling a few days ago. Ndamukong Suh, Detroit Lions could work on contract extension this week - if he has an agent Ndamukong Suh seems like a bright businessman. He occasionally hangs out with billionaire investor Warren Buffett in the off-season. He has built a personal brand immune to — or perhaps with the help of — some minor on- and off-field troubles. His post-football career appears well thought out. And maybe this is Business 101. Deadlines spur deals, after all, and for Suh and the Detroit Lions, there’s no more pressing deadline then the start of free agency 4 p.m. March 11. That’s when the Lions hope to have Suh signed to a new, long-term contract, which would lock up the game’s best defensive tackle and should give them enough salary cap room to accomplish what they need in free agency: sign a starter or two, like last year. The NFL combine kicks off this week, and every coach, general manager and agent will be in Indianapolis. Along with the obvious weighing, measuring and interviewing of draft prospects, this is where league business gets done. Teams meet with player reps over lunch or dinner or a 10-minute cup of coffee to express their interest in joining forces this fall and beyond — or at least until younger, cheaper options come around. Firm contract offers aren’t usually made here. Technically, that would be tampering if the player is currently with another team, and teams don’t want their deals shopped around three weeks before the start of free agency anyway. The Lions will meet with the reps for most if not all of their free agents this week, and they’d like to sit down with Suh’s contract advisers as well. The only problem is, as of Tuesday, Suh still hadn’t officially signed with an agent — or if he had, no one told the Lions. Suh has been linked to music mogul Jay Z’s Roc Nation Sports agency since he fired his former agents last month. For marketing purposes, at least, that marriage appears set. Suh reportedly attended several Jay Z concerts in recent months, and according to Vibe magazine, Jay Z wore Suh’s black Nebraska No. 93 jersey when he played a concert at Suh’s alma mater in December. But who negotiates Suh’s contract is still a mystery at this point, albeit one that everyone expects to be solved soon. Suh, who was expected to pick from a short list of prominent agents, and perhaps Roc Nation as well, will have tons of leverage when his contract negotiations begin but never more than in the next three weeks. His cap number this fall is more than $22.4 million, which would put his 2015 salary on the franchise tag (if the Lions would dare use it) at almost $26.9 million. Trading Suh is not an option, at this point, with no sense of where negotiations are headed — he’d still take up $19.5 million in cap room if he were dealt, and the win-now Lions would be without their best defensive player. And if the Lions don’t get a deal done this off-season, Suh almost certainly will void his contract five days after next year’s Super Bowl and become an unrestricted free agent. From the Lions’ standpoint, there are contingencies in place if a new deal with Suh can’t get done, though none is ideal. They could cut players like they did with wide receiver Nate Burleson and safety Louis Delmas last week, a dangerous proposition for a team with depth problems as is. They could shuffle money around with simple contract restructurings for players such as wide receiver Calvin Johnson and safety Glover Quin, though that only serves to kick salary cap problems and tough roster decisions further down the road. Suh is coming off maybe the best season of his NFL career. At age 27, he’s still in his prime and has never missed a game due to injury. He was voted a team captain for the first time last year. There are plenty of reasons to keep Suh around for the next few years, and the Lions would like to make it happen. They just have to know when and where — in Indianapolis this week? — to begin. The Lions are keeping their best defensive player AND they will have room to grab free agents?I could have sworn the sky was falling a few days ago. A few days ago, everyone was still under the impression that the cap wasn't going to grow much if any. But, the extra $7Million/year on the cap, has made it a realistic possibility to keep Suh, CJ, and Stafford. And maybe even have a few other pieces to work with.
Can You Hear Me Now? Detecting Hidden Hearing Loss in Young People Even during the simple act of commuting to work, we can’t escape the ubiquitous noise that invades our lives: Traffic rumbling down the street, a jackhammer at a construction site, the roar of the subway—not to mention music and podcasts we pump directly into our ears. Yet for many years conventional wisdom has held that as long as we could pass a hearing test, everything was fine. That is until 2009 when researchers uncovered a phenomenon called “hidden” hearing loss—a likely contributor to the cumulative loss typically associated with aging. Now, scientists at Massachusetts Eye and Ear hospital have developed a suite of tools for detecting hidden hearing loss, an important step in figuring out the magnitude of the problem and what we can do to fix it. They reported their findings this week in PLoS ONE. Hearing loss is most often associated with damage to so-called hair cells inside our ears, which detect vibrations in the environment and translate them into chemical signals that prompt our auditory nerves to fire. During an audiogram—considered the gold standard of hearing tests—patients listen to sounds of different frequencies at different volumes to determine their thresholds for sound detection. Those with damaged hair cells tend to have trouble detecting low-volume sounds at certain frequencies. Damage to our hearing, however, actually starts long before our hair cells are affected, research suggests. First there is damage to the fibers in the auditory nerve that connect to hair cells and help us hear in noisy environments—hence the “hidden” in hidden hearing loss. This phenomenon remained obscure for so long because an audiogram administered in a quiet room does not activate these auditory nerve fibers, which means patients can pass a hearing test even when the fibers have been damaged. Previous research has found signs of such hidden hearing loss in mice, guinea pigs, chinchillas and postmortem human ear tissue. Now auditory physiologist and study co-author Stéphane Maison and his colleagues have taken the next logical step: investigating hidden hearing loss in human patients. “In the end, the main goal is to have a measure of hidden hearing loss that is currently not available in [the] clinic,” Maison says. To test the tools they developed, the researchers divided 34 volunteers ranging from ages 18 to 41 into two groups: a low-risk one composed of college students studying “quiet subjects” (such as communication science) and a high-risk group mostly consisting of music students exposed to loud sounds for four to six hours per day. Both groups passed their audiograms with flying colors. When the researchers extended the test to include higher frequencies than are normally evaluated, however, the high-risk group had trouble hearing the sounds at low volumes. The researchers also outfitted subjects with electrodes to measure how each volunteer’sauditory nerve responds to sound (which they compared with the response of the hair cells for each individual to reduce variability). The auditory nerves of subjects in the high-risk group did not respond to sound as robustly as those of subjects in the low-risk group. Perhaps most striking, when subjects were asked to listen to words and repeat them back while noise played in the background, the high-risk group performed significantly worse than the low-risk group. The same was true when the words were sped up and played with a background echo. On a questionnaire that accompanied the tests, the high-risk group indicated they were more “bothered” by everyday sounds like a dog barking or a baby crying than the low-risk group was. Cumulatively, these results not only reveal hidden hearing loss can start at a young age but also that it is not so hidden after all—it adversely affects our hearing in numerous ways, including the ability to detect high-frequency sounds and hear in noisy settings. In a quiet place, Maison says, “you’re not going to notice it, but when you’re going to go to a bar or a restaurant, and there’s a lot of background noise, you’re going to struggle.” Gabriel Corfas, a researcher at the University of Michigan’s Kresge Hearing Research Institute who was not affiliated with the study, thinks this work is an important step in the field of hidden hearing loss. “It raises the issue of how exposing ourselves as young people to noise levels that we don’t think of being extreme—through education, through entertainment, through work—could actually impact our hearing throughout our life,” he says, “and brings to the forefront the need to discuss how much we expose ourselves to noise, and how to protect ourselves.” On an individual level, protecting ourselves from hidden hearing loss could entail limiting noise exposure and using ear protection. On a society-wide scale, it may necessitate revisiting current standards regulating noise in the workplace. Fortunately, even after hidden hearing loss has occurred, the picture is not entirely bleak. Corfas and his team have previously reported that treating the ears of mice exposed to loud environments with a growth factor called neurotrophin 3 can reverse hidden hearing loss by repairing some of the damage to auditory nerve fibers. Corfas is hopeful that a similar therapy could ultimately be used in humans and could, in theory, be an important step in preventing age-associated hearing loss. He points out that tools to diagnose hidden hearing loss—such as those developed by Maison’s team—would be essential for testing such therapies and detecting damage at an early stage when it is more treatable.
Concord and Harrisburg wrestle with regulating video game 'sweepstakes' Six people sat playing casino-style games on computers one evening last week in B&B Business Centre Inside on N.C. 49 in Harrisburg. Cards and slots fly across the screen. They were hoping to win big. But it's not gambling; it's a sweepstakes, say proponents. Sweepstakes operations have been spreading across the state, prompting local governments, including Concord and Harrisburg, to take action to restrict the businesses by adjusting zoning ordinances. Harrisburg Town Council members approved ordinance changes last week to restrict electronic gaming operations to C-2 zoning districts, which are broad commercial zones, and require a conditional use permit. Council members indicated they would like to consider more stringent regulations similar to those adopted by Concord. Never miss a local story. Sign up today for a free 30 day free trial of unlimited digital access. The Concord City Council changed city ordinances in March to allow electronic gaming operations only in C-2 zoning areas. Such businesses in Concord must now be at least 500 feet from residential zones, 200 feet back from some major roads and 1,500 feet away from other gaming operations, cemeteries, schools and day cares. Concord's revised ordinance also limits such operations to 20 computer terminals and requires patrons be at least 18 years old. The city will also require a $2,600 privilege license fee and an additional $500 per machine. Existing electronic gaming operations have six months to comply. B&B Business Centre advertises "sweepstakes" and "cash prizes," as well as Internet access and copy and fax services on its storefront. Patrons often pay for a pre-paid long-distance phone card, which they need to play the games on computer terminals set up at several desks. By winning the games, players can accumulate points that earn them more time on the phone card to continue playing. Or they can also choose to turn in their phone card and receive the cash value of the time they would have accumulated. Sweepstakes operations skirt state law because proponents argue the results are predetermined, and people are simply getting sweepstakes points as a bonus for buying Internet or phone time. Recent court rulings have upheld the legality of the sweepstakes games. A Guilford County Superior Court judge recently issued an injunction to prevent law enforcement from raiding sweepstakes operations while litigation surrounding the case continues. There are two stores in Harrisburg devoted entirely to the games, and several gas stations and restaurants in the area have added sweepstakes machines. "We have to allow legal businesses a place to operate, but what we can do is restrict where those legal businesses operate," said Harrisburg town councilman Bob Scaggs, who is in favor of adopting an ordinance like Concord's. Scaggs said he believes the businesses are "skating around" state gambling laws. "It's my opinion that these businesses are detrimental to the quality of life that we're trying to create in Harrisburg," Scaggs said. "I just want to keep that out of Harrisburg until the General Assembly gets an opportunity to address it." The N.C. state legislature is expected to examine the issue in an upcoming session. Concord city attorney Albert Benshoff said the state has had trouble keeping up with the sweepstakes businesses' rapidly changing technology. "The technology has changed faster than the amendments can be made," he said. When the businesses first came to Harrisburg, the town didn't have specific zoning districts established for sweepstakes operations. When one business requested permission to operate in the Town Center in Harrisburg, officials had to interpret existing ordinances, said planning director Josh Watkins. Arcades and Internet cafes were allowed in the zoning district, and the electronic gaming business seemed to fit the same bill, Watkins said, but many officials and residents expressed concern about the games' similarity to gambling. More stringent restrictions aren't necessarily meant to deter electronic gaming operations altogether, Watkins said. The changes made last week to Harrisburg ordinances will only affect new businesses coming to town. Watkins said the requirements being considered are similar to the ones required of sexually oriented businesses by Harrisburg ordinances. "It's allowed," Watkins said. "They just might have to jump through extra hoops."
Intrapericardial and intrapleural administration of rituximab to a patient with marginal zone lymphoma. The addition of rituximab to standard chemotherapy has improved the results of the treatment of B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Under specific circumstances, it can be administered locally, as an alternative to systemic administration. We administered rituximab intrapericardially in an attempt to control pericardial effusion. We report the case of an 85-year-old woman, diagnosed with marginal zone lymphoma, who developed heart failure due to lymphomatous infiltration of the pericardium. We discuss in detail the possibility of intrapericardial treatment of such patients. The patient received rituximab intrapericardially at a dose of 100 mg in addition to systemic rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisone immunochemotherapy. The treatment proved to be safe and effective. The patient has remained in good health for more than 3 years at the time of writing. Intrapericardial administration of rituximab may be a valuable therapeutic option for patients with lymphoma that involves the pericardium and heart.
Q: How to skip sequence numbes in Cirqus I deleted a few events from my event store but now I get exceptions like this: System.ApplicationException: Tried to apply event with sequence number 180 to aggregate root with ID 55b43b9e-cd9a-4db9-9b86-78feb7043051 with current sequence number 15. Expected an event with sequence number 16. How can I ignore exceptions like this? A: You can't..... Cirqus is very very strict about its sequence numbers, which is to guarantee that aggregate roots are hydrated to a correct state and are impossible to hydrate into some state that they never actually were in. This means that if you need to "delete" events, you cannot just remove the events from the event store. I've tried once that some logic went awry and accidentally generated 50000 events while the system was running and the users kept working, which we then removed by replicating the events (using EventReplicator) to a new event store, decorating the destination IEventStore with a "rewriter", that would then ignore certain events and rewrite all sequence numbers as necessary. It was pretty hard to get right though. Do you really need to delete the events? Can't you e.g. append some corrective events to the problematic aggregate roots' event streams?
In 2016, the Zags welcomed a European big man to campus. The freshman big man was a valuable role player for a very deep team that was at one point ranked number one in the nation. He averaged 12.2 minutes, 4.2 points and 3.2 rebounds per game while shooting 51% from the field. In 2012, the Zags welcomed a European big man to campus. The freshman big man was a valuable role player for a very deep team that was at one point ranked number one in the nation. He averaged 10.7 minutes, 5.4 points and 2.6 rebounds per game while shooting 57% from the field. Glancing at the stats, it certainly looks like Killian Tillie is on pace to follow a path paved by the very large shoes of Przemek Karnowski. However, as anyone who watched the Zags can attest, Shem and Tillie are very different players. For starters, the stats I didn’t list: Tillie made 35/45 free throws this season, good for 77%. Shem made 32/72 free throws, good for 44%. Tillie went 11/23 from downtown, Shem only took three in his entire career. To me, Tillie represents one of the biggest wildcards on this team moving forward (besides Rui of course). Tillie is unlike any player we have had in this program. He brings tenacity on the glass and aggressive defense (similar to Mike Hart) with a smooth outside shot, but a very unpolished and tentative low post game (Sam Dower?). He makes a lot of freshmen mistakes (telegraphing passes into the low post, bringing the ball down, committing over the back fouls, etc.) but also showed a lot of stones to knock down the two biggest free throws in Gonzaga history, in their win against South Carolina in the final 4. Projecting big men at Gonzaga has always been a difficult task. Elias Harris plateaued after his freshman year and Kelly Olynyk went from 0 to superstar. However, a progression similar to Shem’s seems plausible for Tillie. His growth will come in different ways since he has different skill-sets, but if he can make strides in his interior game, learn to avoid fouling on defense, and continue to shoot well from the outside, Tillie could be a very special player in this program. With Shem graduating and Collins potentially leaving, there is room for Tillie to blossom as soon as next year. What do you all think? Is Tillie the next great Gonzaga big man? Is he destined to be a role player for the next four years?
Let o = i - -1.4. Which is smaller: o or -2? -2 Let f be (-49)/(-196) + 6/8. Is -4/43 not equal to f? True Suppose 0 = -4t + 4p - 4, 4t + p - 26 = -p. Let k(m) = -4 - 2m*2 + 3m2 + m3 + 5m2 + tm. Let o be k(-5). Are o and 1/8 unequal? True Suppose -5w + 97 = -2u, -2w + w + u = -17. Let h be 6((-2)/w)/1. Let j = -3 - -2. Which is greater: h or j? h Suppose 2d + 33 = -5u, 5d = -3u - 4 - 31. Suppose 3c - 5c - 8 = 0, 5c - 464 = 2s. Let v = s - -710/3. Are v and d equal? False Let x be -17 + 22 + 47/(-5) + 4. Is x greater than or equal to 67? False Let h = 16 + -14. Suppose 5b = -2p, -p + hb = -25 + 7. Which is smaller: p or 9? 9 Let i = 47.054 - 0.054. Let c = i - 44. Is c smaller than 2/5? False Let w = 76 + -39. Let v = -36 + w. Is -11 < v? True Let j = 3 - 3.5. Let i be 12/15((-9)/27 - 3). Do i and j have the same value? False Suppose 11z - 1260 = -24z. Which is greater: z or 31? z Let q(r) = -3r2 + 7r + 2. Let h be q(4). Let i be 12 + (-17 - h). Which is smaller: -2/11 or i? -2/11 Suppose r = -4r + 405. Let n = 487/6 - r. Let m be (-144)/1626/8. Is m smaller than n? True Let l = 43.88 - 44. Let x = l + 0.02. Is x at most as big as -6/11? False Let x = 2548 + -899. Is 1648 greater than or equal to x? False Let o = -0.74 - -0.721. Let i = 0.099 + o. Let d = 31 + -63/2. Do d and i have different values? True Let w = 11.5 - 11.3. Let p be ((-3)/30)/(1/518). Let n = p - -52. Is n equal to w? True Let f(h) = h - 8. Suppose -l = -5l + 32. Let q be f(l). Which is smaller: -2/7 or q? -2/7 Let w = -131427/157010 - 13/2243. Let h = w + 9/14. Let s = -47 + 48. Is s > h? True Let r = 6220885/1163 + -5349. Is 0 >= r? True Let w = -19.3 + 0.3. Let u = w + 18.92. Which is greater: -0.1 or u? u Let z = 13 + -29. Let u = z - -15.89. Let x = 0.11 + u. Which is smaller: x or -3? -3 Suppose -2n + 6 = -4n. Let r be n/((-7)/(-4) - 1). Is -4 at least as big as r? True Let s(f) = f. Let o be s(0). Suppose 2w + 4p - p + 11 = o, -p = 5w + 8. Let j = -5 + 68/13. Which is greater: j or w? j Let a(s) = -s3 - s2 + s. Let t be a(0). Suppose -5n + 2 + 3 = t. Let z = 1.04 + -1.34. Which is smaller: z or n? z Suppose 5v + 25 = -0. Let l be (2/(-4))/(v/(-15)). Which is smaller: -4 or l? -4 Let q = -1094.7 + 1095. Let a = 0.1 - 0.15. Which is bigger: a or q? q Let y = 0.1 - 0.1. Let d(h) = 10h + 1. Let n be d(2). Suppose -4j - n = -25. Is j at least y? True Let v be (19/5)/(5 - 24/5). Which is bigger: v or 18? v Let g be 760/(-70) - (-1)/(-7). Which is smaller: -54/5 or g? g Let i be (-6354)/(-936)2711. Let r = -17299111/8580 + i. Let c = r + -1/195. Which is greater: c or -1? c Suppose -3l + 14 = -2d, 0 = -4l + 3l - d + 3. Suppose 3j + 2y - 43 = 0, 8y - ly - 75 = -5j. Which is greater: 13 or j? 13 Let j be (-4)/(-2) + 2 + -2 + 3. Suppose -jy + 10y - 5 = 0. Which is greater: y or -1/15? y Let h = -38 - -37. Let n = -55/36 - -16/9. Which is smaller: h or n? h Let n = -378 - -570. Is n less than or equal to 190? False Let z(l) = -l*2 + 9l - 20. Let x be z(5). Let p be (4/176)/((-3)/30). Do x and p have the same value? False Let j = 536 - 526. Which is greater: -0.02 or j? j Suppose -6y = -10y + 8. Suppose -o + 1 = -yc, 2c = -3c. Is o < -3/8? False Suppose -s + 3s - 100 = 2u, 5u = -5s + 200. Let h = s - 33. Which is bigger: h or -2/3? h Let n = -43 + 22. Let i be 5(-12)/(-40) - (-1)/2. Does i = n? False Let y = -4215061 - -240302365/57. Let a = -770 + y. Which is bigger: a or 1? 1 Let h = -0.19 + -0.11. Let a = h - -0.9. Let s = a + -0.7. Do 6/11 and s have the same value? False Suppose 5b - 30 = -0. Let y be 4-21 - -2. Let a = y + b. Is 0 >= a? True Let i = -85/17657 - -58253248/582681. Let n = i - 100. Which is smaller: 0 or n? n Let n = -396 - -352. Is n < 0.3? True Let c be 120/8 + 1 + -12. Let b = 5 + -2. Suppose -10 = 5v + 5z, 2z = 4v - bz + 8. Which is smaller: c or v? v Let y be (-14)/(-35)10/26. Suppose -2n - 11 = -3h, h - 4n = -0h - 13. Suppose 0 = 4q + h - 3. Which is greater: q or y? y Let x(y) = 3y - 21. Let f be x(7). Let g = -126 - -76. Let a be g/(-224) - 6/21. Which is bigger: a or f? f Let i = -8 + 12. Let c(x) = -x3 - x2 + x. Let y be c(1). Let r be (y + i)/(42/28). Which is greater: 8/5 or r? r Let v = 236 + -235. Is v bigger than 2/477? True Let m(z) = 21z - 4. Let i be m(9). Let c be 6/15 - i/25. Which is smaller: c or -6? c Let u = 3 - 2. Let j = 11 - 40. Let f = j + 39. Is u greater than or equal to f? False Let v = 1.029 + -0.199. Let u = 0.61 - v. Which is bigger: u or 1/3? 1/3 Let i be (-1)/(-12) + (-3)/12. Let r = -48.214 + 0.314. Let n = -48 - r. Is i smaller than n? True Let x = -55 - -70. Suppose 10 = 2q - 4t, 3t = 3q + q - x. Is q greater than or equal to 17/6? True Let q be 1789/952 + (-5)/(-40) + -2. Which is bigger: q or 0? q Suppose 4h + 1 = 13. Suppose -hc - x - 3 = 8, 2c + 4x = -14. Which is smaller: c or -8? -8 Suppose d + 0 = 2. Suppose 0 = 4q + di, 0i = -3q - 5i - 7. Let j = 1120 - 1103. Is q >= j? False Suppose 91 = -p + t + 35, 0 = -4p - 2t - 206. Let f = 31 + p. Let o = 38 + f. Is 17 >= o? True Suppose 0 = u + 5b - b - 12, 5u = b + 81. Is u >= 17? False Suppose x - 3m = m - 6, -2m + 4 = 0. Suppose -3j = -xj - 5b - 11, 2j + 2b + 2 = 0. Let z = -3 + 2. Which is bigger: j or z? j Let b = 1.3 - -3.7. Let v = b + -3. Let z = -29/2 + 97/6. Is z bigger than v? False Let q(z) = z*3 - 12z*2 - 29z + 15. Let b be q(14). Which is greater: b or 15/71? b Suppose -5i = -19i - 84. Which is smaller: i or -1? i Let h = 6911/5 - 1390. Is -8 at most h? True Let l(s) = s*2 + 8s + 5. Let t(z) = -z*2 - 8z - 6. Let w(j) = -4l(j) - 5t(j). Let y be w(-7). Is 3 > y? False Let r(y) = y + 3. Let f be r(-5). Let c be 3 - (-84 - -14)/(-10). Which is bigger: f or c? f Let p = -50 + 56. Which is smaller: 32/7 or p? 32/7 Let x be 1/(-1) - (1 - (-33)/(-18)). Let p(q) = 4q - 3q2 - q3 - 4q. Let s be p(-3). Which is smaller: s or x? x Let p(g) = -33g - 725. Let t be p(-22). Let n = 2258/231 + -68/7. Which is bigger: t or n? t Suppose -c + 3 = -4h - 1, 4c - 3h - 55 = 0. Suppose 2j + c = 6. Let k be 9/j - 3/15. Is -5 smaller than k? True Let w be 14/56 - (-122)/(-8). Let h be (w/210)/(1 - 2). Which is smaller: h or -1? -1 Let d = -30 + 42. Suppose 0 = 7r - 11r - d. Let b = r + 5. Is b smaller than 3/2? False Let l(q) = -q - 4. Let w be l(6). Let v be (2/(-3))/(w/(-27)). Is -3 greater than or equal to v? False Let r(v) = 5v - 1 + 0v - 3v. Let d be r(2). Suppose 16 = 3n - 2f + 7f, -4 = -n - f. Are d and n equal? False Let y = 32 - 33. Let w = -2/26529 - -12123763/132645. Let p = w - 92. Which is bigger: p or y? p Let c be (-104)/(-272) + (-6)/(-51). Which is smaller: -0.72 or c? -0.72 Let l = -60.9 + 65. Let f = 3.7 - l. Which is greater: -2 or f? f Let b be (-3 - (-1 + 2)) + -2. Let a be ((-36)/1035)/(b/(-15)). Is a at least 1? False Let w be -17((-1216)/120 - (-8)/60). Is w < 171? True Let z = -13.8 + 0.8. Let j = -6 - z. Is -3 greater than j? False Let k = -102 - -108. Let t(w) = 2w*2 - 8w - 22. Let u be t(k). Suppose 3b - 1 = 2z, -4b - b = 5z + 65. Which is smaller: z or u? z Suppose 0 = 4p - 2p - l - 4, 0 = -p - 2l + 7. Suppose -pk - 7 = -w, -5k = -w - 1 - 2. Is w not equal to 22? False Let x = -0.35 - 6.25. Let n = 0.4 - x. Is -0.1 at most as big as n? True Let n = 11751 - 11753. Suppose 2v + 3a = -13, -2v + 7v - 20 = 3a. Which is bigger: v or n? v Let q = -1/1332 - -2683/25308. Let m = -3 + 2. Which is smaller: m or q? m Let y be (6/20)/(84/2072). Do y and 8 have different values? True Let y be 1/(-2)0 + 0. Let m be (-1)/1438. Let z be 1 + -4 + m/(-52). Which is smaller: z or y? z Let z = 0.244 - -2.756. Is -0.7 greater than or equal to z? False Let n(g) = 2g - 6. Let v be n(6). Let d(i) = i - 7. Let p be d(v). Let z be 0/3p - -1. Which is greater: 0 or z? z Suppose 3g + 3p - 8p = -59, 4p = 2g + 42. Let q(a) = -8a - 1. Let t be q(2). Let u = t - -3. Is u less than or equal to g? True Let v = 0.349 + -0.149. Which is smaller: 69 or v? v Let m(i) = -i2 + i + 10. Let f(w) = -w2 + 11. Let p(s) = -4f(s) + 3m(s). Let z be p(-6). Suppose zt = -0t. Which is greater: t or 1/9? 1/9 Suppose 2
123 F.2d 353 (1941) MUTUAL BEN. HEALTH & ACCIDENT ASS'N v. THOMAS. No. 12018. Circuit Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit. November 17, 1941. 354 M. W. Gannaway and A. F. House, both of Little Rock, Ark., for appellant. Sam Robinson, of Little Rock, Ark. (Ward Martin, of Little Rock, Ark., C. E. Johnson, of Ashdown, Ark., and John S. Gatewood, of Little Rock, Ark., on the brief), for appellee. Before GARDNER, SANBORN, and THOMAS, Circuit Judges. GARDNER, Circuit Judge. This was an action brought by appellee as plaintiff to recover on a policy issued to her husband, Henry A. Thomas, which provided indemnity for both accident and sickness disability. The policy contained exception of liability for death, disability, or other loss, resulting from insanity. It provided indemnity in the amount of $200 a month so long as the insured should live, for whole and continuous or total disability resulting in total loss of time caused directly and independently of all other means from bodily injuries sustained through purely accidental means. Plaintiff alleged that on or about April 21, 1932, the policy being then in full force and effect, the insured sustained bodily injuries through purely accidental means while he was driving an automobile which ran off the highway and into a creek. It was alleged that as a result of such injuries, he suffered concussion of the brain and a profound shock to his mental and nervous system, resulting in total disability since June 1, 1932. The defendant admitted the issuance of the policy but denied that the insured suffered bodily injuries through accidental means, admitted that he was incapacitated by mental disturbances since July, 1932, but denied that it had been continuous, and alleged that the policy properly construed excepted disability resulting from insanity and pleaded that plaintiff had failed to furnish notice and proofs of loss as required by the provisions of the policy. The case has been twice tried, the judgment for plaintiff entered on the first trial having been set aside by the lower court. At the conclusion of all the evidence, defendant moved the court for a directed verdict in its favor. This motion was denied 355 and the case was submitted to the jury upon instructions to which defendant saved a number of exceptions. The jury returned a general verdict in favor of the plaintiff in the sum of $1,750. So far as is disclosed by the record, the verdict was received and filed without objection from the plaintiff. Four days subsequent to the return of the verdict, plaintiff filed a motion asking the court to enter judgment in her favor on the verdict of the jury for the amount due according to the terms of the policy; to-wit, $20,150, with interest thereon at the rate of six per cent per annum from the due date of each monthly installment until paid, together with the statutory penalty of twelve per cent on the principal amount and a reasonable attorney's fee, besides costs. Defendant opposed the granting of this motion but the court granted the same and entered judgment for $22,276.25. It is recited in the judgment that, "To the action of the Court in entering a judgment in favor of the plaintiff, upon the verdict of the jury, in an amount greater than specified in the verdict, the defendant objected, at the time, and the Court overruled its objections to which defendant, at the time, excepted and asked that its exceptions be noted, which is accordingly done." Following the entry of this judgment, the defendant filed its motion to set aside the judgment and to grant a new trial, which motion was denied. From the judgment so entered, defendant prosecutes this appeal, urging, among other things, that the court erred in rendering judgment for $22,276.25 on a verdict in the amount of $1,750. It is also urged that the court erred in denying defendant's motion for a directed verdict, and in the giving of certain instructions. In our view of the issues, it will only be necessary to consider the action of the court in entering judgment for an amount greater than that found by the jury. Plaintiff did not move for an instructed verdict; neither did she except to the verdict as returned by the jury. The verdict, as has been observed, was a general one. Plaintiff contends that the court properly entered judgment non obstante veredicto because defendant tried the case solely upon the theory that there was no liability under the policy and the question of the amount due plaintiff was not made an issue. By the Seventh Amendment to the Constitution, it is provided that, "In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law." The courts of the United States are by this amendment prohibited from re-examining any facts tried by a jury otherwise than according to the rules of the common law. It has often been pointed out that the only modes known to the common law to re-examine such facts were the granting of a new trial by the court when the issue was tried to a jury, or by granting a motion for a directed verdict. Section 269 of the Judicial Code, 28 U.S.C.A. § 391, provides that, "All United States courts shall have power to grant new trials, in cases where there has been a trial by jury, for reasons for which new trials have usually been granted in the courts of law." It is now provided by Rule 50 of the Rules of Civil Procedure, 28 U.S.C.A. following section 723c, that a litigant who moves for a directed verdict at the close of the evidence may, if his motion be denied, move to have the verdict and any judgment entered thereon set aside, and to have judgment entered in accordance with his motion for a directed verdict. It is only where a litigant has made motion for a directed verdict that he may ask the court to enter judgment non obstante veredicto. It is only in this manner that the question may be re-examined as a question of law. To ask the court to enter a judgment, contrary to a general verdict of the jury where no motion for a directed verdict has been interposed, is simply to ask the court to re-examine the facts already tried by the jury, and this the court may not do without violating the Seventh Amendment. It is, however, urged that the fact of the amount of recovery was not in issue. This, we think, is not sustained by the record as indicated by the instructions. For instance, the court instructed that the fact that insured "has not worked does not of itself constitute proof that he has at all times been wholly and continuously disabled and if you find that sometime subsequent to June 1, 1932, the said Henry Thomas improved to the point where he was not wholly and continuously disabled, as defined in other instructions, then he would be entitled to collect the monthly indemnity only up to the time prior to the date of recovery." The court also instructed as follows: "If you find from the evidence that some time after June 1, 1932, Henry Thomas improved to the point where he could work continuously *356 and earn a livelihood, then he would not be wholly and continuously disabled within the meaning of the policy notwithstanding the fact that he might not be able to earn as much as he did prior to April 21, 1932." This clearly warranted the jury in finding that the insured had not been continuously disabled during the entire period subsequent to June 1, 1932, and the verdict of the jury fixing the amount of recovery at $1,750 indicates that it so found. If it should be conceded that the jury failed properly to respond to the question of damages, that part of its verdict could not be set aside unless it were certain that the error which resulted in inadequate damage did not affect the other issues. Even if the question involved were the right of the court to grant a new trial as to damages alone, that should not be done where there is ground for a strong suspicion that the jury awarded the inadequate damages to plaintiff as a result of a compromise involving the question of liability. Simmons v. Fish, 210 Mass. 563, 97 N.E. 102, Ann.Cas. 1912D, 588; Doody v. Boston, etc., R. R., 77 N.H. 161, 89 A. 487, Ann.Cas.1914C, 846. Thus, in Moulton v. Langley, 81 N.H. 138, 124 A. 70, 71, the court said: "The misconduct of a jury in returning a verdict for an unreasonably small sum, in disregard of the evidence and of the instructions of the court, is presumed to extend to the issue of liability in the absence of satisfactory evidence of facts occurring at the trial from which it can be found that it was due to other causes." We think the Seventh Amendment denied to the court the power to increase the amount of the verdict in the instant case. This is not a case where the court denied a motion for a new trial on condition that plaintiff remit a portion of an excessive verdict, but a clear case of a change of the verdict of the jury. Except for such unusual cases, and the case of reservation of decision on motion for a directed verdict as provided by Rule 50 of the Rules of Civil Procedure, or the granting of a new trial, the verdict of the jury must be accepted as conclusive. Baltimore & Carolina Line, Inc., v. Redman, 295 U.S. 654, 55 S.Ct. 890, 79 L.Ed. 1636. We do not think the court was at liberty to follow the practice of the State of Arkansas if that differed from that established by the rules of civil procedure. United States v. Kennesaw Mountain Battlefield Ass'n, 5 Cir., 99 F.2d 830. In actions at law, where issues of fact are submitted to the jury as they were in this case, the judgment must conform to and follow the verdict. Texas Compensation Ins. Co. v. Heard, 5 Cir., 93 F.2d 548. Under the Seventh Amendment, the national courts are without power to add to a verdict in a common-law action. Dimick v. Schiedt, 293 U.S. 474, 55 S.Ct. 296, 79 L.Ed. 603, 95 A.L.R. 1150. This is not a mere rule of procedure but is based upon the inhibition contained in the Seventh Amendment. Slocum v. New York Life Ins. Co., 228 U.S. 364, 33 S.Ct. 523, 57 L.Ed. 879, Ann.Cas.1914D, 1029. As the judgment appealed from must be reversed for the error here discussed, we pretermit consideration of the other contentions presented by defendant. The judgment appealed from is reversed and the cause remanded, with directions either to enter judgment in accordance with the verdict, or to grant defendant's motion for a new trial.
Comparison of fractionation schedules in the large heterogeneity limit. The author develops an analytical formula that relates total doses in different fractionation schemes using the linear-quadratic (LQ) model in the limit when the interpatient variation in radiosensitivity is large. We use published formulas for tumor control probability and parameter dependence developed for the large heterogeneity limit. We consider the isoeffect equation and uses simple algebraic manipulation to obtain the new fractionation formula valid for the large heterogeneity limit. We study the case of going from a dose per fraction of 1.8 Gy to a dose per fraction of 3 Gy, which is relevant for current hypofractionation schemes for prostate and breast cancer. We find that the total dose for the new fractionation depends not only on the alpha/beta ratio r but also on the ratio of the corresponding standard deviations sigma(alpha)/sigma(beta) and on the ratio between the original dose D1 and D50. In some special cases, notably when D1 = D50(1), the standard LQ model is recovered. In general, when the relative widths of the distributions for alpha and beta are equal or similar, the deviation from the standard LQ model is small, mostly within 5% for D1/D50(1) from 0.4 up to 1.6. When the width of the distribution for alpha is much larger than the one for beta, larger deviations from the standard LQ model are found for small values of r but they fall within 10% for r larger than 4 Gy and within 5% for r larger than 10 Gy. The most unforgiving case is when the width of the distribution for alpha is much smaller than the one for beta, where the largest differences with the standard LQ model are found. While, in general, the formula can give a significantly different result than the standard LQ model equation, we find a range of parameters for which the difference is surprisingly small.
Official MLBlog of Keith Olbermann Results tagged ‘ American League West ’ Before resuming our previews with the American League West, a quick postscript to the selection of the Miami Marlins ahead of the New York Mets in the basement of the National League East. As if I had asked them to do this, the Marlins underscored my prediction with the promotion of young pitching prospect Jose Fernandez to help replace two injured starters, despite the fact that the move accelerates the arbitration and free agency clocks for Fernandez. The Mets’ version of Fernandez is Zack Wheeler. While Fernandez will be pitching against the Mets next Sunday, Wheeler will be opening up for your 2013 Buffalo Bisons. You can slam the Marlins all you want for the shell game they played on Florida taxpayers and for the dishonesty towards Mark Buehrle and others and for their fire sale last winter, but at least every once in awhile the Marlins try to act like they’re not a small market team. Unfortunately the Mets often do just the opposite. Now to the A.L. West: Los Angeles: The Angels are still as many as four starting pitchers short of a contender. They can continue to sign the leading free agent slugger each winter for the foreseeable future, but if the pitching doesn’t come around, it isn’t going to matter. It is certainly possible that their end of the Weird Delivery Deal with the Braves (Tommy Hanson for Jordan Walden) will flourish in the American League. The trimmed-down Joe Blanton might finally fulfill his promise while not fulfilling his appetite. Perhaps Jason Vargas can pitch in a pennant race. And maybe C.J. Wilson 2011 is the real thing and not C.J. Wilson 2012. But that’s a lot of ifs to gamble on in a division where it was proved last year that great hitting cannot carry average pitching, but great pitching can carry average hitting. The Angels’ bullpen is also anything but a thing of beauty. Last year’s gift from the Padres, Ernesto Frieri, has lost miles off his fastball this spring – and his fastball is his only major league quality pitch. I suppose investing big bucks on the injured Ryan (One Season As A Closer And Then He Got Hurt) Madson makes more sense than, say, signing Jose Valverde – but not much more. Madson’s return may be soon, but it is certainly a gamble. The rest of the bullpen has proven itself erratic. Trust me, I do not undervalue the Mike Trout/Albert Pujols/Josh Hamilton trio (although the decline in Hamilton’s game last year was evident and should crack a little further this year). I’ll even raise it to a quartet and note that Mark Trumbo is the most underrated hitter in the division. But the rest of the Angels’ position players are adequate at best. Chris Iannetta struggled on both sides of the plate, Howard Kendrick seems to be distancing himself from his great potential, Alberto Callaspo is just sort of there, and Peter Bourjos may be a great enough glove to shift Trout to left but he’s just not an offensive threat. Erick Aybar is one of the A.L.’s better shortstops but his main contribution is batting between Trout and Pujols. Just the Pujols, Wilson, and Hamilton deals have cost owner Arte Moreno $440,000,000 in the last 16 months. That’s a lot of money to get a second or third place team as your receipt. When it happens again this year, Moreno is going to get unpleasant. If he doesn’t scapegoat General Manager Jerry DiPoto, DiPoto will surely scapegoat Manager Mike Scioscia, and that’ll be a shame. But that’s what happens when you spend badly. You blame the guys beneath you. And often you blame the guys you spent to get. Texas: This could all come apart quickly, too. Last year I asked what would have happened if a team in New York or Boston or L.A. had a) had a manager test positive for cocaine use and have his job publicly threatened by his bosses as a result, b) blown a World Series to an inferior team, c) blown the next year’s World Series after needing one more out to win it, d) revealing later that the manager chose not to put in the defensive replacement who might’ve gotten the fly ball one more out that twisted the clunky regular rightfielder into a pretzel, and e) lost its best pitcher to free agency within its own division that winter? Let’s raise the stakes a little this year. That same New York/Boston/L.A. club has now f) lost its best hitter to free agency within its own division the following winter, g) traded the face of its franchise and the soul of its clubhouse for nothing in particular, h) sent its top prospect to the minors rather than move some pieces and displace some average talent in the outfield, and, oh by the way, just for giggles, i) permitted the icon of the sport in its part of the country to engage in a front office power struggle with the team’s general manager, and j) lose it. Texas baseball fans are an awfully forgiving lot, I guess. The last three-plus seasons in Arlington have topped, at least in compression of events, anything that befell the Yankees’ “Bronx Zoo” of the ’70s and ’80s, or the Fightin-Among-Themselves-A’s in Oakland forty years ago. And yet on and on the Rangers go as if nothing matters and it’ll all be better if they can just bring Lance Berkman home to Texas. What a mess. I think this is the year they stop getting away with it. Unless Jurickson Profar and Mike Olt rise (and Olt had a terrible spring) to banish Berkman and Mitch Moreland or maybe the Leonys Martin/Craig Gentry platoon, the Rangers are in for a season of possible non-contention. Lord knows what they do if somebody like Nellie Cruz gets hurt (put Jeff Baker in right?). I suspect a lot of people get fired here too. Houston: It could be worse. They could’ve actually decided to go with Fernando or J.D. Martinez in right instead of Rick Ankiel and Brandon Barnes (which would’ve made their debut in the American League the dreaded – I apologize in advance – Two-Martinez Launch). There is the Jose Altuve Experience, which is nice. Bud Norris and Lucas Harrell show glimmers in the outfield and Brad Peacock tries to recover from a bad year in AAA by stepping down a notch into the Houston rotation. But this is going to be a grim season for a franchise that was in the World Series only eight years ago. I do hear nice things about the back-up catcher, Carlos Corporan. He was stinging the ball in Florida, which belies one blog’s identification of him as the perfect Astro: no-field, no-hit. I don’t mean to pile on, but while these new Astros uniforms have to be better than the 2012 versions, the attempt to merge the ’62-64 Colt 45s shirts with the ’70-71 Astros shirts doesn’t really work. The Houston franchise has an extraordinary heritage of great shirts: the 1965-66 Astros “Shooting Star” jerseys, the 1975 acid trip pullovers, and maybe best of all, the gunslinger unis from the original team. Remember, they didn’t drop the name “Colts” out of some sort of sense of inappropriateness – it was a purely business decision based on a dispute with the gun manufacturer, and a desire to capitalize on the astronaut program as it crested in the second half of the ’60s. Seattle: I’m conflicted on whether the Mariners are capable of stepping up into contention or near it. The critical off-season offensive improvement (the acquisition of DH Kendrys Morales from the Angels) blocks off the escape route for Jesus Montero’s stunning incapacity to catch. The likely critical mid-season all-around improvement (the promotion of 2012 top draftee and catching wunderkind Mike Zunino) would seemingly force Montero to the bench. If somebody would just take Montero aside and say, ‘Hey, you and your once-in-a-generation opposite field power on the high fastball? You don’t have to catch any more. Maybe you could see if you could play first base, but, honestly, just spend all your time in the batting cage,’ the kid might approach a triple crown. Bringing Michael Morse back was a great move and Justin Smoak had an outstanding spring. But Dustin Ackley still has come nowhere close to his advance billing, and the team is relying on Ackley, Franklin Gutierrez and Michael Saunders to help drive the offense. Ackley is a career .243 hitter, Gutierrez is a .256, Saunders a .220. And apparently either Gutierrez or Saunders is going to lead off with the other batting second. Gutierrez’s lifetime On Base Percentage is .308 and Saunders’ is .283. This makes pitching discussions somewhat academic, although it is curious that with these waves of young pitchers in the system – the Hultzens, Paxtons, and Walkers – the rookie who makes the rotation is Brandon Maurer, who two winters ago was pitching in the Australian League, and there was a need to sign Joe Saunders. The bullpen might be Seattle’s unexpected strength with Carter Capps, Charlie Furbush, and Stephen Pryor coming into their own. But you have to hit a little and the Mariners seem intent (squeezing out Montero, putting out-makers at the top of the order) on not doing so. I can’t see them pushing upwards even as the Angels and Rangers collapse above them. Oakland: So – to reprise our indexing from the Rangers’ entry – nobody believed in a) Yeonis Cespedes, b) Bob Melvin, c) the Oakland bullpen, d) Josh Reddick, e) the kid starters, or f) their ability to stay in contention. They merely jerry-built a line-up that started churning out runs in the second half and not only stayed with Texas but surpassed them with a mid-game rally on the final day. With a little luck and a little more experience they might have knocked off the Tigers in the Division Series. And as the 2013 A.L. West is previewed, the A’s still aren’t being taken seriously. No, I don’t think Eric Sogard is going to hit .444 nor Josh Donaldson slug a homer every 20 at bats, as they did in Arizona. But Cespedes is a beast, and that 23/82/.292/.356/.505 (and 16 SB) line – with the now comparatively low 102 strikeouts – was just the warm-up offered by the man’s first season in this country, and he could easily win an MVP award now or in the near future. The line-up is strengthened with parts added like Chris Young, Jed Lowrie, and John Jaso (and if Sogard were to hit .274 they’d be ecstatic). The rotation has Brett Anderson added back into the mix, evidently in fine fettle, and even more power arms like Evan Scribner and Pedro Figueroa joining the now-experienced likes of Ryan Cook and Sean Doolittle in the pen. It’s a good team with a good manager. I’m biased towards him – he’s one of my favorite friends in baseball. But what I can tell from his players, they rely on Melvin’s rare combination of an encyclopedic knowledge of the strategy of the game, his calm leadership, and his always-unexpected wry humor. That Reddick could “pie” him after the season-ending win underscores the sense that he is not a part of them but nor is he apart from them – and that is the highest compliment players can offer a manager. The division: I like the A’s to consolidate 2012 and add to it. Even in collapse the Rangers and Angels will give them a fight with L.A. finishing second and Texas third. Seattle will verge on contention but never quite reach it. The Astros are even money to lose 110 games. Imagine for a second this scenario: a New York team wins consecutive pennants. They lose the first World Series to a lightning-in-a-bottle fast-finisher from the other league. They lose the next year to another one-month-wonder despite twice being one strike away from sealing the deal in Game 6. The New York team owner – one of the most famous men in sports – has to decide whether or not to retain his popular, African-American manager after the latter tests positive for cocaine. This was after he built the batting order around a recovered addict, who then falls off the wagon in the weeks before he was to get a nine-figure contract extension. Can you picture that? It would be Armageddon every day at that ballpark as the media – not just in New York but nationally – struggled merely to decide whether these misceants were to be called the worst chokers of all time, or a bunch of druggies, or the team with the owner who needed to be run out of the game on a rail for letting such tainted underachievement continue. It would be, to adapt Dorothy Parker’s phrase to baseball, a Fresh Hell every day. Of course, you don’t have to imagine anything here but the geography. This is not the imaginary story of the most controversial New York team of all time. It’s the 2012 Texas Rangers – and only their worst headlines – and in one of the most meaningful and revealing truths about baseball, and sports media, and America itself, they remain one of our feel good stories. It’s not just New York, by the way. The 180 degree difference in how the New York Baseball Rangers would be treated, would also be true of the Boston Rangers or the Philadelphia Rangers or the Los Angeles Rangers. Regardless of the venue, it’s amazing, and it’s real. And it’s relevant to a preview of the American League West because it means what is largely the same team can try it again for the third straight year – without Josh Hamilton being traded for Ken Phelps or Ron Washington being replaced by Dallas Green. There are only two notable changes: a real closer in Joe Nathan, and C.J. Wilson being swapped out for Yu Darvish. The former move seems to reduce the variables; the latter may do the opposite. Darvish is the prototypical Japanese pitcher – with slight deception in the delivery, a mastery of five pitches and about four subtle varieties for each of them, and a rubber arm (at least for awhile). But Darvish is something Nomo and Matsuzaka and the rest are not: he is a Giant. He is 6’5”, 215, meaning he’s bigger than Nathan and Colby Lewis, and at least taller than Josh Hamilton. So the four different fastballs come in as fast as 95. Watching Darvish against Colorado last week was watching the biggest kid in Kindergarten playfully slapping all the other ones. Half of them fell unconscious to the floor. The others? He missed them and he fell to the floor. The Rockies got their licks in, but in six at bats against him, Cargo and Tulo struck out six times and didn’t look close on any of the swinging strikes. It is almost a given (since we still condescendingly look at even Japan’s greatest veteran stars as our freshmen) that Darvish takes the Rookie Award in the AL. He may take the Cy. He may also go 12-15. The question isn’t whether or not he’ll make American batters look bad most of the time, but whether he might make American pitchers look bad most of the time. The Rangers have competition in Orange County, but the ANGELS are the most tragically snake-bitten of all teams, and investments like the zillions spent on Wilson and Albert Pujols have always ended in tears – usually the late Gene Mauch’s. Despite the addition of Pujols and the resurrection of Kendrys “Just Shake Hands” Morales, the Cherubs are nowhere near a match for Texas offensively (hell, the ’27 Yankees might not be). The Mark Trumbo third base play comes at considerable defensive risk, and the bullpen remains a series of risky albeit probably good gambles. Ironically, for all that money, the difference-maker for Mike Scioscia might be his fifth starter, either retread Jerome Williams or rookie Garrett Richards, who at times looked lights out this spring. There might be something to watch in SEATTLE. My affection for Jesus Montero’s opposite field power has been elaborated upon here before. But there is a flock of young hitters around him who might also blossom, and not just Dustin Ackley. Smoak, Carp (hurt), Saunders, Liddi, Gutierrez (hurt), and behind them Catricala and another Fernando Martinez might make the Mariners Wild Card eligible in a year. Probably would’ve helped if they hadn’t traded Doug Fister, because the rotation gets dicey just about the time you ask “Kevin Millwood is still alive?” My friend Bob Melvin gets his first full year managing again, in OAKLAND. He loves to do it and was born to do it, and if anybody can drag this team back into respectability after its latest re-casting, it’s Bob. Unfortunately, even though he only played 11 games there in his career, Bob might be the best first baseman he has, and that’s a problem. The base hits get thin once you get past the exciting Jemile Weeks and the possibly exciting Yoenis Cespedes. And I won’t write anything long-winded on the latter for fear of being accusedof being Cespedes-sesquipedalian. Sorry. It’ll be fun watching the A’s continue their role as baseball’s breeding and/or training grounds for B+ pitchers. Mulder, Zito, Hudson, Harden, Haren, Street, Gonzalez, Cahill, Bailey, Anderson, et al. The new names are De Los Santos, Milone, Parker, and Peacock and maybe baseball can get on the stick and get the A’s into San Jose before they become eligible for the A’s Alumni Association, too. AMERICAN LEAGUE WEST FORECAST: TEXAS wins again, with Darvish filling the Wilson vacuum. LOS ANGELES/ANAHEIM/THE OC, afflicted by some calamity, still has enough to claim a wild card. SEATTLE approaches .500, and OAKLAND does better than you’d think. UNRELATED NOTE: Love the Braves taking a flier on third baseman Juan Francisco. He may amount to nothing, but he is capable of a Jose Bautista like breakout, and he’s no more of a load defensively than Cabrera or Trumbo. He was dying a slow death in Cincinnati where I believe Dusty Baker never played him two games in a row. Because he isn’t 37. Brett Weber, the Yankees’ coaching assistant, was nowhere to be found Saturday after my little tweeted photo of him giving hand signals to Alex Rodriguez in the on-deck circle landed in the Commissioner’s Office. But for Sunday’s finale against Detroit, the former minor league pitcher was had returned to the third row back of the plate at Yankee Stadium. I didn’t stare at him – when I don’t give away my seats to Make-A-Wish I am there to watch the game – but I saw no signals today and only one player (Rodriguez) even looked fleetingly in his direction. MLB reportedly accepted the Yankees’ explanation that he was only indicating pitch speed on Opening Day because the team’s stadium scoreboard gun was busted. That indeed explains Opening Day. It does not explain a different series of signals directed by Weber to Yankee on-deck hitters last year (especially Rodriguez). (By the way – and barring more developments, I promise to leave this trivial incident alone, but if you’d like to read a reasoned, calm blog about the response to it, here you go). Now, having picked the Red Sox and Twins, and the Rays for the Wild Card (that’s right, they’re 1-and-8 among them – with only 477 left to play), let’s finish off the A.L. predictions: Los Angeles: This once dynamic team is rapidly falling back into the ranks of The Dullest Place On Earth Angels of the ’80s and ’90s. There are two brilliant starters in Dan Haren and Jered Weaver, and a brilliant outfield (although if you’re going to add a gigantic salary, you reach for Vernon Wells?). But until Kendrys Morales comes back there is nothing else to distinguish this team, except for the shocking inadequacy of the bullpen (who knew Brian Fuentes could have meant so much?). I mean, even The Rally Monkey seems to have outlived his usefulness. Oakland: Every season has a boutique, insiders’ favorite, and this year it’s the A’s. And I don’t see it. Mind you, I love this rotation and in particular Gio Gonzalez, but I am not impressed by a batting order that has allegedly been improved by adding David DeJesus, Josh Willingham, and Hideki Matsui at 3-4-5. You cannot win every game 3-2. Seattle: And you especially can’t win them 0-2. There is a scenario in which Erik Bedard ransoms his talent from the depths of injury, and the rookie Michael Pineda blossoms, and the two of them and Doug Fister form a rotation with King Felix that puts Oakland’s to shame. But, even then, whence the offense? Ryan Langerhans is starting in centerfield. Ryan Langerhans has a lifetime .228 batting average and is just four years removed from batting .167 over 210 at bats with three different teams. Tom Wilhelmsen has made the bullpen after five years off, bartending. Texas: Here is the most under-reported statistic of the 2010-11 off-season. The Rangers lost a pitcher who made exactly 20 starts for them, won 7, and lost 8 – and they were then promptly declared rudderless and hopeless for 2011. I am not suggesting that that is what Cliff Lee would’ve done for Texas this year (4-6 in the regular season, 2-0 in the Division Series, 1-0 in the ALCS, 0-2 in the World Series) but that is exactly what he did for them last year. Ten separate Texas pitchers won as many as Lee did for them during the regular season of 2010, including Dustin Nippert. Would things have been better for them if they’d re-signed him? Yes. You know what else would help? A farm full of Nolan Ryan clones. I’m sorry, there are no other significant downgrades here from a team that absolutely beat up the Rays in the ALDS and the Yankees in the ALCS and should’ve given the Giants a far better fight in the Series, and the additions of Adrian Beltre and Mike Napoli make a potent line-up even moreso. I don’t see them being challenged – unless Josh Hamilton breaks in half. OVERVIEW: 1. Texas, 2. Oakland (distant), 3. Los Angeles (a good run for 3rd), 4. Seattle (not as bad as last year). The Lee panic and the Lee reality are two different things. You want to worry in Texas? What exactly would happen without Hamilton? LEAGUE OVERVIEW: Gotta stick with Boston, which if I’m right about the Rays and the Card (although with Evan Longoria out, I very easily may not be), would presumably draw the third-place record which I am guessing is Minnesota’s. Thus it’s Texas-Tampa again and I like Texas this time, with the Red Sox finally stopping them in the ALCS. 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UNPUBLISHED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT No. 07-2072 DEAN LAMPMAN, Plaintiff - Appellant, v. DEWOLFF BOBERG & ASSOCIATES, INCORPORATED; MIKE OWENS; LEON ZEBROSKI, Defendants - Appellees. Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina, at Charleston. David C. Norton, District Judge. (2:06-cv-00062-DCN) Argued: January 28, 2009 Decided: March 23, 2009 Before TRAXLER, DUNCAN, and AGEE, Circuit Judges. Affirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded by unpublished opinion. Judge Agee wrote the opinion, in which Judge Traxler and Judge Duncan joined. ARGUED: George J. Kefalos, GEORGE J. KEFALOS, P.A., Charleston, South Carolina; William C. Cleveland, III, BUIST, MOORE, SMYTHE, MCGEE, P.A., Charleston, South Carolina, for Appellant. Thomas Peter Gies, CROWELL & MORING, L.L.P., Washington, D.C., for Appellees. ON BRIEF: Jennifer G. Knight, CROWELL & MORING, L.L.P., Washington, D.C., for Appellees. Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit. AGEE, Circuit Judge: I. Dean Lampman appeals from the award of summary judgment to DeWolff, Boberg & Associates, Inc. (“DBA”), Michael Owens, and Leon Zebroski (collectively “the Defendants”) as to all of Lampman’s claims against them and awarding the Defendants summary judgment on a counter-claim against Lampman. In the underlying action, Lampman challenged the enforceability of a non-competition clause contained in a revised employment and shareholders’ agreement Lampman signed with DBA. He also contended the Defendants made negligent misrepresentations that induced him to sign the agreement. The Defendants’ counter- claim asserted Lampman breached his contract with DBA by accepting employment that violated the terms of the non- competition clause. For the reasons that follow, we affirm the district court’s judgment in part, reverse in part, and remand. II. DBA, a South Carolina corporation, is a management consulting firm, which conducted business in the period relevant to this appeal in thirty-two states, as well as Europe, Mexico, Canada, Colombia, and Panama. The corporation represents that it occupies a special niche within its market because it both analyzes and implements management operating systems. Zebroski 2 is DBA’s President and CEO, and Owens is its Executive Vice President. Lampman began working for DBA in 1994 as a systems analyst, and was subsequently promoted to other positions. During the course of this employment, Lampman received fifty shares of DBA stock. Lampman’s ownership of the stock was initially governed by a stock redemption agreement that permitted DBA employee shareholders who left the corporation to work for a DBA competitor as long as they did not acquire an equity interest in the competitor. The stock redemption agreement also provided that DBA would annually redeem in equal amounts over five years a former employee shareholder’s outstanding stock. Although the stock redemption price was nominal, the former employee shareholder would continue to receive dividends on his remaining stock during the five-year period. 1 In April 2004, DBA decided to implement a new, more restrictive, shareholders’ agreement (the “Shareholders’ Agreement”) in order to respond to certain concerns regarding the protection of DBA’s operations and, specifically, its 1 It appears that DBA was, at least for the time periods relevant to this appeal, a subchapter S corporation for income tax purposes. A substantial portion of each shareholder’s income who worked for DBA was derived from distributions of the corporation’s income as dividends. Thus, the right to continue receiving dividends on a departed shareholder’s unredeemed stock was a valuable asset to that shareholder under both the “old” and “new” stock redemption agreements. 3 business methodologies and strategies. Draft versions of a new agreement were circulated and discussed with the shareholders, including Lampman, during meetings that occurred in April and July 2004. In addition to restrictions on the transfer and redemption of DBA stock, the Shareholders’ Agreement also contained specific provisions imposing shareholder covenants on the confidentiality of intellectual capital, noncompetition, and non-solicitation. In July 2004, the shareholders met to discuss the final version of the proposed Shareholders’ Agreement. During the meeting, Owens and Zebroski indicated that the Shareholders’ Agreement was in the “best interests” of DBA and its shareholders. Lampman joined other shareholders in signing the Shareholders’ Agreement at that time. In consideration for entering into the non-competition provision, DBA promised to pay $5,000 to shareholders, like Lampman, with fewer than one hundred shares. The Shareholders’ Agreement became effective August 9, 2004. It continued the prior provision for redemption of a departing shareholder’s stock in equal parts over five years, following the termination of a shareholder’s employment with DBA, but now provided DBA the immediate right to redeem all of a shareholder’s stock if the shareholder violated any portion of the non-competition clause or the provisions for confidentiality or non-solicitation. Such a redemption could significantly 4 impact a former shareholder because he would lose all future dividends. In early August 2004, Lampman and Owens worked together on an assignment. Lampman avers that Owens cautioned him that he (Lampman) was “in Leon’s cross hairs.” Lampman stated he asked Owens if he should look for another job, and Owens responded that Lampman “should keep [his] head down and just keep doing a good job on analysis.” 2 (Ex. J.A. 236-37.) On August 23, 2004, Zebroski and Owens held a regularly- scheduled meeting with DBA’s senior chiefs. Because the account upon which Lampman had been working unexpectedly terminated, one issue on the agenda was Lampman’s reassignment to a new project. All the senior chiefs expressed their dissatisfaction with Lampman’s performance and their unwillingness to work with him on future projects. Zebroski, the individual required to make the final determination as to Lampman’s employment, had not previously considered firing Lampman. However, he decided during the course of the meeting that Lampman’s employment 2 Owens avers this conversation did not occur. The district court proceeded on the assumption that Owens made these statements, properly considering whether summary judgment was appropriate when the evidence was viewed in the light most favorable to Lampman. 5 should be terminated immediately. 3 Lampman was informed of this decision the same day. Lampman began working for a DBA competitor, Synergetics Installations Worldwide, Inc., (“Synergetics”) in October 2004. In April 2005, Lampman received dividends on his DBA stock in the amount of $31,969. A few months later, after learning of Lampman’s employment with Synergetics, DBA redeemed all of Lampman’s remaining DBA stock, claiming it was entitled to do so under the Shareholders’ Agreement because Lampman breached the noncompetition clause. This redemption terminated the payment of any further dividends to Lampman. In February 2006, Lampman filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina asserting several causes of action against the Defendants based on the above-stated events. Essentially, Lampman contended that the Defendants made negligent misrepresentations that induced him to execute the Shareholder’s Agreement and that DBA breached the agreement. The Defendants answered and filed a counter- claim for breach of contract based on Lampman’s post-DBA employment with Synergetics. DBA asserted this conduct violated 3 There is no evidence in the record contradicting Zebroski’s testimony that he had not made any determination as to Lampman’s employment status prior to the August 23, 2004 meeting. Owens also states that he was unaware of any information suggesting that Lampman’s termination was “imminent at any time prior to” August 23, 2004. (Ex. J.A. 228, 256-62.) 6 the non-competition clause in the Shareholders’ Agreement and entitled the corporation to repayment of the post-termination dividends paid to Lampman. Lampman moved for partial summary judgment to declare the non-competition clause impermissibly overbroad and therefore void and unenforceable. The Defendants moved for summary judgment on all of Lampman’s claims, as well as its counterclaim. After a hearing, the district court denied Lampman’s motion for partial summary judgment and granted the Defendants’ motions for summary judgment. By order dated January 19, 2007, the district court held that statements at the shareholders’ meeting that signing the Shareholders’ Agreement was in the shareholders’ “best interests” were expressions of opinion and therefore did not constitute “representations” that could support Lampman’s claims for negligent misrepresentation. The district court further found no evidence that would support “an inference that [DBA] had already decided to terminate” Lampman’s employment before the August 23 meeting. Lastly, the court held Owens’ statement to Lampman was only a “subjective assessment of [Lampman’s] work performance,” and was not a factual representation showing that Lampman was going to be terminated. (J.A. 176-79.) The district court also held that the non-competition provision was enforceable under South Carolina law. The 7 district court found that DBA presented uncontradicted evidence that it “occupies a unique, narrow niche of the type of business it engages in—and that it has a very limited set of direct competitors. . . . i.e., consulting firms that analyze and implement specific cost savings for businesses.” (J.A. 173.) Therefore, the court concluded the non-competition clause was an appropriate means of protecting DBA’s proprietary information and a satisfactory alternative limitation to a strictly geographic limitation on competition. Pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 59(e), Lampman moved to alter or amend the district court’s judgment. He contended the district court failed to properly interpret the non-competition provision, erred in finding DBA occupied a narrow niche of the type of business in which it engages and has a limited set of direct competitors, and did not consider whether DBA’s failure to disclose that Lampman was a “candidate for termination” prior to “consummation” of the Shareholders’ Agreement represented a factual issue not susceptible to resolution by summary judgment. By order dated September 26, 2007, the district court denied Lampman’s Rule 59(e) motion. The court reiterated that the non-competition clause was enforceable under South Carolina law because it “only prohibited [Lampman] from working for a direct competitor in positions similar to the ones he held at 8 DBA,” (J.A. 233), and where he was “most likely to use and share trade secrets and the proprietary information he used while employed by DBA.” (J.A. 233.) The district court then held that “[t]o the extent [Lampman’s] negligent misrepresentation claim relies on an alleged affirmative misrepresentation, that allegation was disposed of in the prior order . . . .” (J.A. 234.) To the extent Lampman claimed that DBA wrongfully withheld information, the district court concluded Lampman’s claim still failed. It noted Lampman “could not have justifiably relied on such an omission” because he was aware of poor performance reviews, he was an at-will employee, and there was no evidence that DBA planned to terminate Lampman’s employment prior to the decision made on August 23, 2004. Lampman noted a timely appeal, and we have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291 (West 2005). III. We review de novo a district court’s award of summary judgment, viewing the facts in the light most favorable to the non-moving party. 4 Lee v. York County Sch. Div., 484 F.3d 687, 693 (4th Cir. 2007). An award of summary judgment is 4 In this diversity of jurisdiction case, we apply the substantive law of South Carolina. 9 appropriate only “if the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c); see also Lee, 484 F.3d at 693. We review for abuse of discretion the denial of a Rule 59(e) motion to alter or amend judgment. See Pac. Ins. Co. v. Am. Nat’l Fire Ins. Co., 148 F.3d 396, 402 (4th Cir. 1998). Although Rule 59(e) does not itself provide a standard under which a district court may grant a motion to alter or amend a judgment, we have previously recognized that there are three grounds for amending an earlier judgment: (1) to accommodate an intervening change in controlling law; (2) to account for new evidence not available at trial; or (3) to correct a clear error of law or prevent manifest injustice. Id. at 403. IV. Lampman raises two main issues on appeal. First, he asserts the district court erred in awarding the Defendants summary judgment and subsequently denying his Rule 59(e) motion as to his negligent misrepresentation claims because there was a triable issue of fact as to whether Lampman justifiably relied on Owens’ “negative response to the question of whether Lampman should look for another job” and whether DBA improperly failed 10 to tell Lampman that he was a “candidate for termination.” Second, Lampman contends the district court erred in holding the non-competition clause was enforceable under South Carolina law. He maintains the provision is void as a matter of law because it lacks a geographic limitation and is “broader than necessary to protect DBA’s legitimate interests.” 5 For the reasons set forth below, we affirm the district court’s judgment as to the first issue, but reverse as to the second issue. A. Negligent Misrepresentation Lampman appeals the district court’s determination that he could not assert a claim of negligent misrepresentation based on (1) Owens’ statement that Lampman should keep on doing good work and to keep his head down; and (2) DBA’s failure to inform Lampman that he was a “candidate for termination.” 6 5 Lampman also asserts a third issue regarding his claim that the non-competition clause is unenforceable: that DBA breached the contract by failing to make the $5,000 payment as consideration for execution of that provision. The district court denied Lampman’s claim on this issue. Because we find the non-competition clause is void as a matter of law, we need not address this argument. 6 Although Lampman argued to the district court that Owens’ and Zebroski’s statements at the shareholders’ meeting in July 2004 also formed the basis for a negligent misrepresentation claim, he does not make that argument on appeal. Accordingly, he has abandoned that argument and we do not review the district court’s conclusion that those statements constituted non- actionable opinion. See Fed. R. App. P. 28(a)(9)(A); 11126 Balt. Boulevard, Inc. v. Prince George's County, 58 F.3d 988, (Continued) 11 To state a claim for negligent misrepresentation under South Carolina law, a plaintiff must allege (1) a false representation made by the defendant to the plaintiff, (2) the defendant’s pecuniary interest in the statement, (3) breach of a duty of care owed by the defendant to the plaintiff, (4) justifiable reliance by the plaintiff on the representation, and (5) loss suffered as a result of such justifiable reliance. See Redwend Ltd. P’ship v. Edwards, 581 S.E.2d 496, 504 (S.C. Ct. App. 2003). As the district court observed, to be actionable a representation must be a statement of fact rather than a statement of opinion. See Gilbert v. Mid-South Machinery Co., 227 S.E.2d 189, 193 (S.C. 1976). “[W]hat was susceptible of exact knowledge when the statement was made is usually considered to be a matter of fact.” Id. at 193 (citation omitted). Moreover, “the representation must relate to a present or pre-existing fact and be false when made. The representation cannot ordinarily be based on unfulfilled promises or statements as to future events.” Koontz v. Thomas, 511 S.E.2d 407, 413 (S.C. Ct. App. 1999) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). 993 n.7 (4th Cir. 1995) (en banc) (involving predecessor to Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 28(a)(9)(A)). 12 We find no error in the district court’s conclusion that Owens’ statement to Lampman that he should “keep his head down and just keep doing a good job” spoke to “Owens’s subjective assessment of [Lampman’s] work performance” and was therefore an expression of opinion. The statement provided Owens’ viewpoint as to how Lampman could act in the future and was not “susceptible to exact knowledge.” Furthermore, the record contains no evidence that at the time he spoke, Owens personally believed Lampman should be fired or that DBA was considering terminating Lampman’s employment. Owens’ statement therefore cannot be considered a “false representation” of any fact and cannot form the basis for a claim of negligent misrepresentation. It is thus unnecessary to consider whether Lampman justifiably relied on Owens’ statement. Lampman’s contention that DBA’s failure to inform him he was a “candidate for termination” constitutes negligent misrepresentation by omission also lacks merit. Under South Carolina law, the “[s]uppression of a material fact which one is duty bound to disclose is equivalent to a false []representation.” Landvest Assocs. v. Owens, 274 S.E.2d 433, 434 (S.C. 1981). The record does not support such a claim in this case. First, Lampman was aware that his supervisors were dissatisfied with his performance because he had received negative performance reviews. Second, Lampman was an at-will 13 employee, a status not altered by the Shareholders’ Agreement, therefore his employment could be terminated at any time. Furthermore, the Shareholders’ Agreement specifically stated a shareholder’s employment could be terminated at any time. 7 For these reasons, Lampman knew before signing the Shareholders’ Agreement that DBA could terminate his employment without providing any notice, and he even knew that DBA may have a reason for doing so. Finally, the record does not support an inference that the Defendants were considering whether to terminate Lampman’s employment prior to the August 23, 2004 meeting. To the contrary, the evidence unequivocally shows that Zebroski first considered terminating Lampman’s employment during the August 23 meeting upon learning that all of the senior chiefs were dissatisfied with Lampman’s poor performance and did not want to work with him. Simply put, there is no evidence that the Defendants considered Lampman to be a “candidate for termination” prior to making the decision to terminate him, and consequently could not have had a duty to disclose that information to Lampman. 7 Section 19 of the Shareholders’ Agreement states: “Nothing in this Agreement shall confer any right to any Shareholder to continue in the service as an employee of the Corporation or shall interfere in any way with the right of the Corporation to terminate the employment of any Shareholder at any time, with or without Cause.” (Ex. J.A. 28.) 14 For all of these reasons, the district court did not err in awarding DBA summary judgment on Lampman’s claim of negligent misrepresentation, and it did not abuse its discretion in denying Lampman’s subsequent Rule 59(e) motion related to its disposition of those claims. B. Non-Competition Clause Lampman next contends the district court erred in holding that the non-competition clause in the Shareholders’ Agreement was enforceable under South Carolina law. Specifically, Lampman asserts the clause is unenforceable because it does not contain a geographic limitation or a suitable substitute limitation, and is broader than necessary to protect DBA’s legitimate interests. We review de novo the district court’s interpretation of the non-competition clause. See Seabulk Offshore, Ltd. v. Am. Home Assurance Co., 377 F.3d 408, 418 (4th Cir. 2004) (stating the district court’s interpretation of a written contract is a question of law that is reviewed de novo). To be enforceable under South Carolina law, a non- competition clause must be: (1) necessary for the protection of the legitimate interest of the employer; (2) reasonably limited in its operation with respect to time and place; (3) not unduly harsh and oppressive in curtailing the legitimate efforts of the employee to earn a living; (4) reasonable from the standpoint of 15 sound public opinion; and (5) supported by a valuable consideration. Stringer v. Herron, 424 S.E.2d 547, 548 (S.C. Ct. App. 1992). Non-competition agreements are disfavored under South Carolina law and are “critically examined and construed against the employer.” Poole v. Incentives Unlimited, Inc., 548 S.E.2d 207, 209 (S.C. 2001); Cafe Assocs. v. Gerngross, 406 S.E.2d 162, 164 (S.C. 1991). Furthermore, South Carolina courts will not modify or “blue pencil” a non-competition clause so as to restate its terms in a way to make the agreement enforceable. If any provision fails to satisfy the standard set forth above, then the entire non-competition clause is void as a matter of law, although the clause may be severable from unrelated parts of a broader contract. See Somerset v. Reyner, 104 S.E.2d 344, 347-48 (S.C. 1958). With these principles in mind, we review the non- competition clause in the Shareholders’ Agreement, which provides in relevant part that: Each Shareholder agrees that he or she will not, directly or indirectly, engage in Competition with [DBA], without the express written consent of [DBA]’s Chief Executive Officer . . . for a period of three (3) years following the termination of his or her employment . . . for any reason . . . . For purposes of this Agreement, “Competition” shall mean, with respect to a given Shareholder, any of the following: . . . . (d) Serving in any capacity, job or function (including as a proprietor, partner, owner, manager, 16 director, employee, consultant, contractor or agent) for any Person that analyzes, designs, modifies and implements management systems to improve productivity, quality, service and capacity levels that generates quantifiable financial savings, and where such services are competitive with or similar to those that such Shareholder rendered during his or her employment with [DBA]. [DBA]’s known competitors include the entities identified on Exhibit D[8] attached hereto, which may be amended from time to time. (Ex. J.A. 20) (emphasis added). In reaching its conclusion that the non-competition clause was enforceable, the district court found that the clause only prohibited Lampman from working for “one of DBA’s ‘direct competitors’ (i.e., consulting firms that analyze and implement specific cost savings for business), but [permitted Lampman] to work for any other ‘indirect competitor’ of DBA here in South Carolina and anywhere else in the world.” (J.A. 173.) The district court’s finding that the non-competition clause only prohibited “direct competition” with “direct competitors” was central to its ultimate determination that the non-competition clause was enforceable. 9 The district court specifically stated 8 Exhibit D lists eight “known competitors,” and includes Synergetics, for whom Lampman began working after DBA terminated his employment. (Ex. J.A. 296.) 9 The district court repeatedly referred to “the shareholder agreement’s prohibition on working for DBA’s ‘direct competitors,’” (J.A. 173), “the non-compete provision only included competitors who participated in the same narrow subset of the business consulting world (i.e., those businesses that would benefit the most from discovering DBA’s confidential information),” (J.A. 230), “[t]he non-compete provision mirrored (Continued) 17 that “[t]he prohibition on working for DBA’s eight direct competitors . . . was narrow enough to serve as a valid substitute for a geographic limitation.” (J.A. 173.) We disagree. The district court’s construction of the non-competition clause conflicts with its plain language. The clause specifically prevents a shareholder from “directly or indirectly[] engag[ing] in Competition with” DBA. Nothing in the non-competition clause limits its scope to the eight “direct competitors,” including Synergetics, identified in the Shareholders’ Agreement. Moreover, the clause’s definition of “competition” has a much broader scope than the narrow restrictions envisioned by the district court. Our review of the plain language of the non-competition clause compels us to conclude that it is void under South Carolina law and therefore unenforceable. The provision is not reasonably limited to protect DBA’s legitimate interests and it DBA’s niche by prohibiting shareholders from working for any company that analyzed and implemented cost-savings programs,” (J.A. 231), “the non-compete provision did not prohibit [Lampman] from working for companies that were not DBA’s competitors,” (J.A. 231), “DBA has a limited number of ‘direct competitors’ and the non-compete was drafted to encompass only those competitors,” (J.A. 233), “[t]he non-compete only prohibited [Lampman] from working for a direct competitor in positions similar to the ones he held at DBA [and] was limited to ‘direct competitors.’” (J.A. 233.) 18 lacks a reasonable geographic limitation or a valid substitute for a territorial restriction. Two examples highlight the non- competition clause’s impermissible overbreadth. First, the non-competition clause would prohibit Lampman from working for many entities that do not compete in the marketplace with DBA, even accepting the “market” as defined by DBA. Under the plain language of the clause, Lampman would be prohibited from working for “any Person” “in any capacity, job or function (including as a proprietor, partner, owner, manager, director, employee, consultant, contractor or agent)” where his duties were “competitive with or similar to those [he] rendered during his” employment with DBA. 10 (Ex. J.A. 20) (emphasis added). Ford Motor Company, for example, “analyzes, designs, modifies and implements management systems to improve productivity, quality, service and capacity levels that generates quantifiable financial savings” for the corporation’s internal use and not in competition with DBA. (Cf. Ex. J.A. 20.) But it is exactly this type of service that the non- competition clause defines as “competition” and which Lampman would offer to Ford as an employee. If Lampman were Ford’s 10 The Shareholders’ Agreement defines “Person” as “an individual, a partnership, a corporation, a limited liability company, an association, a joint stock company, a joint venture, an unincorporated organization or a governmental entity or any department, agency or political subdivision thereof.” (Ex. J.A. 14.) 19 employee, and provided those services for Ford’s internal use, the non-competition clause’s definition of “competition” set forth in Section 6.2(d) of the Shareholders’ Agreement would place him in breach of that covenant. Lampman would be “serving in any capacity” (as an employee) of Ford (a “Person”), which “analyzes, designs, modifies and implements management systems to improve productivity, quality, service and capacity levels that generates quantifiable financial savings” and “such services” of Lampman would be “similar to those . . . rendered during his . . . employment with” DBA. (Cf. Ex. J.A. 20.) Even though Ford could not be deemed a direct or indirect competitor of DBA, Lampman’s employment would nonetheless violate the plain terms of the non-competition clause. The clause is therefore broader than necessary to achieve the protection of DBA’s legitimate interests. Second, the non-competition clause would prohibit Lampman from providing “competitive . . . or similar” services anywhere in the world, even in places where DBA concedes it conducts no business and would not be deprived of a client if Lampman serviced a customer in that location. During the hearing on the motion for summary judgment, the court conducted the following colloquy with counsel for DBA: The Court: So, Mr. Lampman could have gone to Africa to Zimbabwe and worked for Synergetics? 20 Mr. Gies: No, he could not have. It’s definitely a global restriction. The Court: Even though y’all aren’t working in Zimbabwe? Mr. Gies: Yes. (J.A. 138.) The plain language of the non-competition provision shows DBA’s construction is correct. In the example, Lampman would be providing services “competitive with or similar to those . . . rendered during his . . . employment” to a Person – his customer – even if that customer were not a client of DBA’s. The non-competition clause thus would prohibit Lampman from working for a “competitor” in Zimbabwe, even though DBA does not provide services in that country and has no legitimate interest in prohibiting Lampman from working there. “To be considered reasonable, a territorial restriction must not cover an area any broader than is necessary to protect the employer’s legitimate interest.” Stringer, 424 S.E.2d at 548; Standard Register Co. v. Kerrigan, 119 S.E.2d 533, 539 (S.C. 1961). Because the non- competition clause lacks any geographic limitation or a valid substitute for such a restriction, prohibits Lampman’s employment with entities which do not compete with DBA, and because DBA lacks a legitimate interest in prohibiting competition in portions of the world in which it does not 21 operate, the clause is void as a matter of law and therefore unenforceable. 11 The district court thus erred in granting DBA summary judgment as to Lampman’s claims because the void non-competition clause cannot act as a bar to his claims. Similarly, the district court erred in granting summary judgment as to DBA’s counter-claim because it is dependent on the enforceability of the non-competition clause. V. For all the foregoing reasons, we affirm the district court’s award of summary judgment to DBA on Lampman’s claim of 11 We note that in its consideration of the non-competition clause, the district court relied on its view that enforcement of the non-competition clause was necessary to DBA’s ability to protect “the trade secrets and proprietary information it has developed.” (See, e.g., J.A. 232-33.) However, even though the Shareholders’ Agreement contains specific confidentiality and non-solicitation provisions, DBA has never asserted Lampman breached those covenants. The district court’s findings as to the non-competition clause’s validity were also in error to the extent that its determination was based on a non-existent breach of covenants not before the court in this case. Moreover, where a non-competition clause is designed to protect an employer’s trade secrets and business methods, its terms must still be reasonable. See Oxman v. Sherman, 122 S.E.2d 559, 561-62 (S.C. 1961). DBA’s interest in protecting its “trade secrets and proprietary information” does not remove from it the responsibility of crafting a non-competition clause that is no broader than necessary to protect those interests and that only places reasonable limits on its territorial scope. As the nondisclosure and confidentiality provisions of the Shareholders’ Agreement are not before us in this appeal, we express no opinion as to those provisions. 22 negligent misrepresentation. We reverse the district court’s award of summary judgment to DBA on Lampman’s breach of contract and conversion claims. And we also reverse the award of summary judgment to DBA on its breach of contract counter-claim. Lastly, we remand this case for further proceedings consistent with this opinion. AFFIRMED IN PART, REVERSED IN PART, AND REMANDED 23
Relationship between cyclodextrin extraction and biodegradation of phenanthrene in soil. A number of soil extraction techniques have been proposed to determine the microbial degradability of organic contaminants in soil. Exhaustive methods using organic solvents have little relevance to the concentration of contaminants actually available to microorganisms. The present study investigated the relationship between sequential hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPCD) extractions and microbial mineralization of [14C]phenanthrene in four soils over time. The desorption of [14C]phenanthrene was assessed at 24-h intervals over 10 d and compared to cumulative mineralization of the [14C]phenanthrene using an enriched pseudomonad inoculum. The cumulative total of [14C]phenanthrene extracted by HPCD exceeded the mineralization asymptote by more than 20%. The overall total extents mineralized after both single and multiple degrader inoculations, however, were statistically similar to that extracted after the first 24 h by HPCD; the ratios of extractable to mineralizable [14C]phenanthrene consistently approached one. Furthermore, a good linear correlation between mineralized and extracted phenanthrene was observed (single: r2 = 0.99, gradient = 0.90, intercept = 3.09; multiple: r2 = 0.95, gradient = 1.01, intercept = -0.48), suggesting that a single HPCD extraction accurately and reproducibly predicts the total fraction of phenanthrene available for microbial mineralization in all soils tested in the present study.
Q: Array of names from object with objects I have object that contains objects, like this: { "AD": { "name": "Andorra", "native": "Andorra", "phone": "376", "continent": "EU", "capital": "Andorra la Vella", "currency": "EUR", "languages": [ "ca" ] }, "AE": { "name": "United Arab Emirates", "native": "دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة", "phone": "971", "continent": "AS", "capital": "Abu Dhabi", "currency": "AED", "languages": [ "ar" ] }, "AF": { "name": "Afghanistan", "native": "افغانستان", "phone": "93", "continent": "AS", "capital": "Kabul", "currency": "AFN", "languages": [ "ps", "uz", "tk" ] } } now i need to get array of names ["Andorra", "United Arab Emirates", "Afghanistan"] so that i can send that values to select field in this format: <q-select color="teal" outlined v-model="model" :options="options" label="Label"> <template v-slot:append> </template> </q-select> <script> export default { data () { return { model: null, options: [ 'Google', 'Facebook', 'Twitter', 'Apple', 'Oracle' ] } } } </script> I've tried to convert object to array, but that doesn't work whne i try to access with array.name. I just need to get names from this object of objects. Does anyone know how can i do this? A: Also an easy way to do it const test = { "AD": { "name": "Andorra", "native": "Andorra", "phone": "376", "continent": "EU", "capital": "Andorra la Vella", "currency": "EUR", "languages": [ "ca" ] }, "AE": { "name": "United Arab Emirates", "native": "دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة", "phone": "971", "continent": "AS", "capital": "Abu Dhabi", "currency": "AED", "languages": [ "ar" ] }, "AF": { "name": "Afghanistan", "native": "افغانستان", "phone": "93", "continent": "AS", "capital": "Kabul", "currency": "AFN", "languages": [ "ps", "uz", "tk" ] } } const countries = [] for (obj in test) { countries.push(test[obj].name) } console.log(countries)
Background ========== In a recent population-based study of South African children, we found KSHV seroprevalence in children to be low (7%) and not associated with age, but EBV infection was nearly ubiquitous (96%). While saliva is known to be the main conduit for transmission of both KSHV and EBV, little is known about the comparative patterns of KSHV and EBV salivary shedding in Africa. To address whether differences in salivary shedding may account for the difference in seroprevalence, we assessed KSHV and EBV shedding in children and their caregivers in South Africa. Methods ======= Participants were children ages 1.5 to 8.9 years and their primary female caregivers in a population-based sample in a rural and an urban community in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. KSHV antibody testing utilized a previously established algorithm featuring two enzyme immunoassays and one indirect immunofluorescence assay. Viral DNA in unstimulated saliva was detected by PCR targeting ORF25 for KSHV and the EBNA gene for EBV. Results ======= Among 458 children, 33 (7%) were KSHV antibody-positive, of whom 30 had saliva available for testing. Of these 30, 70% were female, and median age was 4.3 years (IQR 2.5-8.2). Among the female caregivers, 84 (17%) were KSHV antibody-positive, of whom 80 had saliva available for testing. Of these 80, the median age was 34 years (IQR 26-51). Among KSHV-seropositive individuals, KSHV DNA was detected in saliva of 1/30 children (3.3%) and 9/80 (11.3%) adults (p=0.20). KSHV DNA was not detected in the saliva of any KSHV antibody-negative or -equivocal individual. EBV DNA was detected in the saliva of 83% (25/30) of children (p\<0.001 compared to KSHV) and 60% (48/80) of adults (p\<0.001 compared to KSHV). There was no association between viral shedding of EBV and KSHV in saliva (p=0.83). Examination of the determinants of salivary shedding found that both younger age (odds ratio=0.97 per year of age, p=0.01) and HIV infection (OR=4.0, p=0.01) were independently associated with EBV shedding but not with KSHV shedding. Conclusions =========== EBV is present in saliva substantially more often than KSHV among KSHV/EBV-infected South African children and adults. The much higher prevalence of EBV in saliva may, at least in part, explain why EBV infection is ubiquitous and KSHV is not. Attention next needs to turn to comparative mechanisms of host control of viral salivary shedding. The effect of HIV on herpesvirus salivary shedding suggests yet another reason why widespread therapy of HIV infection would be useful. Acknowledgements ================ This article has been published as part of Infectious Agents and Cancer Volume 5 Supplement 1, 2010: Proceedings of the 12^th^ International Conference on Malignancies in AIDS and Other Acquired Immunodeficiencies (ICMAOI).The full contents of the supplement are available online at <http://www.biomedcentral.com/1750-9378/5?issue=S1>.
Q: CAST to package type Is it possible to CAST to a type within a package? For example: CAST(v_variable AS Mypackage.type) I know CAST states the ability to cast to built-in types but I was wondering if this was possible. I'm interested in this approach because I prefer keeping my utilities in one package instead of having a separate TYPE object. Thanks! A: No. CAST() is a SQL function so we can only use it with SQL types. This means we cannot use it with types we have declared in a PL/SQL package.
By admin Robotics was the brainchild of engineering and philosophy, STEM and the humanities, the objective and the subjective. In 1948, Norbert Weiner proposed the idea of robotics, and George Devol brought those ideas to life 6 years later in 1954.Since then robotics has gained the potential to change the world forever when the idea of artificial intelligence emerged into the aether of ideas. The field of robotics went from any other subdivision of engineering into artificial intelligence, a revolutionary breakthrough that could change society.Now, before we continue, we must clearly define the difference between the two fields. Robotics is simply using engineering to create machines that have a set code of actions that include physical movement and a limited set of words their creator put in their code.Artificial intelligence is the term describing robots who have an ever-expanding set of actions they can take, with their code allowing them to learn new skills on their own. With robots, you yourself would have to add these actions to their code.Once artificial intelligence was introduced and the first artificially intelligent robots were created, scientists and philosophers began discussing the possibility of having these robots take up the jobs humans work: From simple jobs like a janitor to complex jobs like a journalist.This question was met with a hoard of infuriated, anxious ""s. The status quo screamed with horror that it would ruin the economy, and the more fringe of the status quo (ironic as that sounds) warned it would lead to AI becoming so sophisticated that it took over human civilization.I will not discuss the economic side. rather I will address the fear that AI would become so sophisticated that it would revolt against humanity and make us obsolete. This is, as much as I originally presented as fringe, a very reasonable fear.With artificial intelligence, you have a machine that is constantly gaining new abilities and talents. Nothing, absolutely nothing, is stopping it from becoming capable of rebelling against the species its creator belonged to creating a brave new world.So, we must rely on robots. Robots have a limited set of skills. They only know what we teach them. If we never inform them on how to perform that task by implementing it into their code, then they'll never learn. So we simply avoid teaching them how to rebel and we'll be fine.The world of robotics is a wonderful opportunity for the human race. Robots could take up the jobs we have no will to do and allow us to live wonderous lives of decadence and luxury. Automation is not our enemy, it is not out friend, it is our servant.
Thursday, April 7, 2011 2. As a practical joke, restaurant reviewer Jonathan Gold told his photographer to meet him at Olive Garden because they were going to review the restaurant: The chain has introduced an aesthetic of Tuscan goodness, I assured Anne. Olive Garden chefs now undergo rigorous training at the Culinary Institute of Tuscany, in the heart ofChianti Classico, where "they learn the key values and skills needed to remain true to the rich history of Italian cuisine.'' They bring in their own chianti now, grown around an 11th-century castle called Riserva di Fizzano — the "village'' name is the rough equivalent of calling an olive-oil town Extra-Vergine di Olio. They use pecorino Romano. From Italy. It's cheese. And they were planning to remodel a certain percentage of their restaurants to resemble Tuscan country inns — Tuscan country inns of a sort that didn't really exist until a 1980s ad campaign for digestive biscuits convinced the Italian populace that they did, but no matter. I had no intention of eating lunch at the Olive Garden. I was planning to intercept the grumpy photographer at the door and spirit her to the Derby, a track-fueled steak house less than a minute's drive down the street. We'd have a Sidecar or two. We'd laugh at how she'd been fooled. There would be leftover meat for her bull terrier. Except that I was caught in traffic and ended up at the restaurant 20 minutes after she got there. She had commandeered a big table upstairs, and was already into the bread sticks, long, doughy things slicked with grease and oil. Please support Super Punch by following the links and buying from Amazon, eBay, and Zazzle, and please assume that any product I review was sent to me for that purpose. This site also uses tracking cookies.
Q: Processing aggregation in pandas data frame based on constraint in a column I am analysing data in excel which contains multiple columns. I have extracted out of those columns that I am analysing. based on some of the conditions of existing column, I would like to create a few new columns. First of all, my sample data frame is as follow: df = pd.DataFrame() df['Match'] = ['A','A','A','A','A','B','B','B','B','B',] df['HomeGoal'] = [ 0,1,2,3,4,0,1,2,3,4] df['AwayGoal'] = [ 0,1,2,3,4,0,1,2,3,4] df ['AOS'] = [0.12,0.12,0.12,0.12,0.12,0.06,0.06,0.06,0.06,0.06] df ['% Prob'] = [0.15,0.12,0.10,0.08,0.05,0.18,0.15,0.10,0.08,0.05] The data frame contains Match, HomeGoal,AwayGoal,AOS and % Prob. I want to create the following columns Homegoal <1 HomeGoal <2 HomeGoal <3 HomeGoal >=1 HomeGoal >=2 HomeGoal >=3 Each column contains the sum of % prob which meets the following conditions: Homegoal <1 ==> sum of the colums % Prob where Homegoal less than 1 HomeGoal <2 ==> sum of the colums % Prob where Homegoal less than 2 HomeGoal <3 ==> sum of the colums % Prob where Homegoal less than 3 HomeGoal >=1 ==> sum of the colums % Prob and AOS where Homegoal 1 goals and above HomeGoal >=2 ===> sum of the colums % Prob and AOS where Homegoal 2 goals and above HomeGoal >=3 ==> sum of the colums % Prob and AOS where Homegoal 2 goals and above All these calculation mentioned above is based on each match. May I get your advice how to do it? I have attached the expected outcome as follow: A: Use: L = [1,2,3] for v in L: #new column name col = 'HG>={}'.format(v) #filter by condition df1 = df[df['HomeGoal'] >= v] #new Series filled by aggregated values per groups and added column AOS df[col] = df1.groupby('Match')['% Prob'].transform('sum') + df['AOS'] #only first non missing value per group mask = ~df.dropna(subset=[col]).duplicated(subset=[col, 'Match']) df[col] = df[col].mask(~mask, 0) for v in L: col = 'HG>{}'.format(v) df[col] = df[df['HomeGoal'] < v].groupby('Match')['% Prob'].transform('sum') mask = ~df.dropna(subset=[col]).duplicated(subset=[col, 'Match']) df[col] = df[col].mask(~mask, 0) print (df) Match HomeGoal AwayGoal AOS % Prob HG>=1 HG>=2 HG>=3 HG>1 HG>2 \ 0 A 0 0 0.12 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.27 1 A 1 1 0.12 0.12 0.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2 A 2 2 0.12 0.10 0.00 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 3 A 3 3 0.12 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.00 0.00 4 A 4 4 0.12 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5 B 0 0 0.06 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.18 0.33 6 B 1 1 0.06 0.15 0.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7 B 2 2 0.06 0.10 0.00 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 8 B 3 3 0.06 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.00 9 B 4 4 0.06 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 HG>3 0 0.37 1 0.00 2 0.00 3 0.00 4 0.00 5 0.43 6 0.00 7 0.00 8 0.00 9 0.00
Justin Trudeau's three main political rivals attacked his record in office with impunity Thursday after the Liberal leader was a no-show for the Maclean's/Citytv debate — leaving viewers with the impression that the last four years have been anything but positive. While he finished the day on a high note with an amped-up, high-energy rally in Edmonton, his opponents had free rein in front of a television audience. At times the debate was a sort of "greatest hit" list of the prime minister's perceived failings in his first term: the SNC-Lavalin debacle, unbalanced budgets, a major pipeline purchase, troubled Crown-Indigenous relations, a fractious relationship with China and a much-mocked trip to India. A relatively subdued Conservative Leader Andrew Scheer dismissed Trudeau as an unethical and wasteful spendthrift who has run up budget deficits. NDP Leader Jagmeet Singh, who was punchy, and well-prepared in his attacks, branded Trudeau as a callous leader who uses "pretty words" while also mocking First Nations people living in Grassy Narrows with a poisoned water supply. Singh pointed to the ready access SNC lobbyists had to the prime minister's office as proof Trudeau isn't in it for average Canadians. "Mr. Trudeau hasn't shown up for people for four years and he hasn't shown up today for the people," Singh said. Watch: Singh says Scheer would be 'even worse' than Trudeau for families NDP Leader Jagmeet Singh said Prime Minister Justin Trudeau has fallen short on promises to families, but said a Conservative government under Andrew Scheer would be worse. 0:24 Green Party Leader Elizabeth May, an experienced debater after 13 years at the helm of her party, piled on, calling Trudeau a half-hearted climate fighter who's irresponsibly accepted the former Conservative government's emissions reduction targets in the face of a climate "crisis." She chided the Liberal leader for his "massive betrayal" on electoral reform. "I think I've found some consensus. I think we can all agree Justin Trudeau is afraid of his record," Scheer said early in the debate. "We can all agree on that. We can now sing Kumbaya and keep going," May said in support. Watch: Debates have been a hallmark of Canadian elections since 1968, but what effect do they actually have on voters? Debates have been a hallmark of Canadian elections since 1968, but what effect do they actually have on voters? Strategists will tell you they’re critical to elections and a lot of planning goes into them. Researchers, on the other hand, say there’s evidence they can change votes, though often they don't. 8:39 And kept going they did, unloading on Trudeau's record for the better part of two hours. Trudeau, meanwhile, was at an Edmonton rally where he couldn't respond to the many reputational slights. Trudeau refused an invitation to this televised exchange, saying he'd only commit to the two debates organized by the debates commission and another one in French on the widely watched Quebec network TVA. There isn't a rich tradition in this country of leaders' debates taking place without the sitting prime minister, let alone with an empty podium on stage to remind voters of a leader's absence, but that's what organizers of the debate did Thursday. British network ITV gave former prime minister Theresa May the "empty chair" treatment in 2017 when she declined an invitation to participate in a debate. Current British Prime Minister Boris Johnson faced similar treatment by another network, Channel 4, this summer during the Conservative leadership race. Despite some pointed attacks designed to paint him as sort of Doug Ford "lite," Scheer proved reluctant to engage with his two progressive opponents. A Conservative majority government depends on a strong showing from the NDP and Green parties on Oct. 21 and a divided centre-left vote. Watch: Scheer refuses to rule out appealing decision that awarded billions to Indigenous children Conservative Leader Andrew Scheer came under attack for refusing to rule out appealing a Canadian Human Rights Tribunal ruling that awarded billions to Indigenous children. 0:51 When attacked by Singh on pharmacare and by May on the environment, Scheer pivoted to what he called Trudeau's failings on the same issues. "Justin Trudeau is trying to do to Canada what Kathleen Wynne and the Liberals did to Ontario," he said at one point when pressed on what sort of cuts a Conservative government would make to balance the books. Even when accused of cozying up with the Yellow Vest movement, which includes some blatantly racist and white nationalist elements, Scheer kept calm. "Try to stick to the facts," Scheer said to Singh on that charge. 'None of what Mr. Singh just said is true' Beyond attacking Trudeau, Singh and May traded barbs throughout the night as they both look to bring disaffected Liberal voters into their respective parties. May questioned Singh's math on a costly plan to dramatically expand a proposed national pharmacare program to include things like dental care, mental health and hearing aids. She said public dental care would cost federal coffers $38 billion and Singh's pledge to close tax loopholes and target offshore tax havens simply wouldn't produce the kind of money he needs. NDP Leader Jagmeet Singh is trying to highlight how his party is different from both the Liberals and the Greens. (Frank Gunn/The Canadian Press) She swatted away what she called a "ludicrous" suggestion from Singh that the Greens would prop up a Conservative minority government. Singh, meanwhile, mocked May's suggestion that SNC-Lavalin should go to work building infrastructure projects on First Nations reserves. "Why can't you just accept it — it was a bad idea," Singh said. Watch: Singh and May spar over infrastructure projects on First Nations reserves NDP Leader Jagmeet Singh called Green Party Leader Elizabeth May's suggestion that SNC-Lavalin should go to work building infrastructure projects on First Nations reserves 'ridiculous.' 1:05 "I am not going to go down the little rabbit hole that Mr. Singh created. People can check — none of what Mr. Singh just said is true," May said. The two parties have been locked in a battle for progressive voters not just at the federal level but also in provincial races where Greens have eaten into the NDP's share of the left-wing vote in places like Atlantic Canada and in British Columbia. The dynamic has soured even more in recent days after some New Brunswick NDP candidates jumped to the Greens en masse. The NDP has struggled to distinguish itself in an era when the country is led by arguably the most progressive prime minister the country has seen since former Liberal prime minister Pierre Trudeau or Lester B. Pearson before him. Justin Trudeau has implemented the generous Canada Child Benefit program and hiked taxes on the wealthy, all while promising further reforms like a national pharmacare plan and ambitious investments in the nation's housing stock, two policies long part of the NDP playbook. Elizabeth May, leader of the Greens, was the most experienced debater of the three candidates on stage. (Frank Gunn/The Canadian Press) In his closing remarks, Singh promised to go further and deeper than the Liberals. "We don't fight for the powerful and the wealthy. We will fight for you." The Green Party, meanwhile, has seen a steady increase in its polling fortunes since the Liberal government announced it would purchase the Trans Mountain pipeline expansion from its U.S. parent, Kinder Morgan. May has also sought to frame herself as an ethical alternative for voters frustrated by politics as usual. "The time for status quo decision-making is over. The time for status quo, short-term politics where every party goes out to beat their own drum and kick the others in the shin is over," she said. Scheer just looked ready for the next debate, when he can take on the man he clearly sees as his only worthy opponent: Trudeau.
Going into the offseason, the Colorado Rockies needed to find a solution to replace the dearly retired Todd Helton. It turns out they decided to open the checkbook and, on December 3rd, 2013, the Colorado Rockies agreed to a two year, $14 million dollar deal with longtime Twin and mini-Pirate Justin Morneau. What are the Rockies hoping for and, more realistically, what can they expect to make the deal pay off? Morneau had a star pedigree at one point. After a very productive stretch from 2006 through 2010 which included winning the American League MVP for the Twins in 2006 and was justifiably one of the better hitting first basemen in the game. Morneau’s recent years though have been dinged and/or ravaged by various injuries including a concussion in 2010, a pinched nerve in his neck which required surgery in 2011, and then a left shoulder injury which devastated what was left of 2011. He was unable to return to his lofty production, posting less-than-pedestrian numbers in 2012 and the first half of 2013 for the Twins before being dealt to the Pittsburgh Pirates. It wasn’t a bad idea for Pittsburgh. The Pirates needed something somewhat alive to hit and catch the ball at first base and they hoped a change of scenery might get Morneau’s star to shine again and carry them all the way to the World Series. The Pittsburgh version of Morneau, however, seemed more effective at walking than hitting though he did catch a ball here and there. Alas, the Pirates were unable to catch the World Series either except on television. So, now it’s the Rockies turn. First, let’s take a look at Todd Helton’s recent history and see how high or low the bar is in terms of general statistics and Wins Above Replacement (WAR). Helton Actuals and Projections Year Team/Projection G PA HR AVG OBP SLG wRC+ Def WAR 2011 Rockies 124 491 14 .302 .385 .466 120 -2.7 2.2 2012 Rockies 69 283 7 .238 .343 .400 90 -3.1 0.1 2013 Rockies 124 442 15 .249 .314 .423 89 -11.2 -0.8 2014 Oliver 143 600 15 .234 .315 .376 89 -8.2 0.2 2014 ZiPS 93 345 11 .248 .319 .420 90 -5.5 0.1 Helton’s last valuable season was in 2011 where he was worth 2.2 WAR over 124 games and 491 plate appearances. Though his defensive number is slightly negative, part of that is a penalty to adjust for how “easy” it is to play first base. For his career, his best season was in 2000 when he accumulated a WAR of 8.3. As far as his defensive value goes, he has ranged from a peak of 6.4 in 2000 to -14.3 in 2006 which was the year he was sidelined in late April and early May with severe abdominal pains. Oliver and ZiPS, two projection systems used by FanGraphs, estimated that Todd Helton would be barely above replacement level if he had returned for 2014. The other two projection systems, Steamer and Fans, did not calculate a projection for Helton in 2014. Now, more on Morneau… Morneau Actuals and Projections Year Projection G PA HR AVG OBP SLG wRC+ Def WAR 2011 Twins 69 288 4 .227 .285 .333 69 -3.7 -0.7 2012 Twins 134 570 19 .267 .333 .440 108 -18.0 0.3 2013 Twins/Pirates 152 635 17 .259 .323 .411 102 -12.3 0.8 2014 Steamer 113 491 19 .280 .348 .479 114 -8.4 1.3 2014 Oliver 143 600 16 .267 .332 .417 93 -10.0 0.0 2014 Fans (15) 123 513 18 .266 .327 .444 97 -11.5 0.2 2014 ZiPS 115 484 16 .280 .343 .457 106 -8.0 1.0 Morneau’s peak season, in terms of WAR, was 4.9 which he accumulated during his injury-shortened season in 2010 where he hit .345/.437/.618 over 69 games with a 2.7 Def. In his 2006 MVP season, his WAR was 3.7, “good” for 24th in the American League tied with Gary Matthews Jr. and Micheal Young and well behind Derek Jeter’s 6.1 WAR who finished runner-up in the AL MVP voting. In recent years, he’s been worth up to a win above replacement and in terms of 2014, the projections are a little over the map from Oliver’s 0.0 to Steamer’s perhaps ambitious 1.3 WAR. Part of that is due to the wibbly wobbly nature of defensive metrics which do comprise a portion of WAR, though comparing apples-to-apples among first basemen within one defensive system helps reduce some of the uncertainty. Personally, when I think of Morneau, I think the ZiPS projection of 1.0 WAR is realistic for what Morneau will accomplish in 2014. Even in a worst case scenario, he is projected to be worth more in 2014 than Todd Helton would have been. However, it is an extreme long shot to assume Morneau will surpass Todd Helton’s 2.2 WAR, 126 game performance in 2011. Or, to look at it another way, a 33 year old 2014 Justin Morneau is projected to be worse offensively and defensively than the 37 year old Todd Helton was in 2011. In happier news, Todd Helton in 2011 was making $20.75 million according to Cot’s Contracts while Morneau is slated to earn $5 million in 2014 so even if Justin Morneau is not post-prime Helton, at least he is not being paid like post-prime Helton. There was also the advantage that Justin Morneau has postseason experience, which is something Bill Geivett at the SABR Analytics conference that the Rockies wanted to obtain. Furthermore, according to Russell Carleton at BaseballProspectus, the current market rate for 1 WAR from a hitter is $5.275 million. So, at $5 million for 2014, the Rockies didn’t appear to overpay for Morneau on paper. However, when his contract increases to $6.75 million in 2015, there is a slight risk of overpayment. Yet, we were just talking about “on paper”. On paper, there’s also the theory that a 0 WAR player should be the kind of player easily obtainable from a team’s minor league system or off the waiver wire at no cost. I like to think that the Rockies could have had some player in their minor league system or acquired, perhaps in the Fowler or Anderson trade, some player who could have produced 1 WAR while costing the major league minimum salary. Another issue is that, with the potential development of Nolan Arenado, Wilin Rosario and the possible emergence of Eddie Butler and Jonathan Gray, the Rockeis could be poised to contend in 2015. However, with Morneau locked in for two years, his $6.75 million salary can’t be used on some other free agent, nor does it make it likely he would be sent to the bench to give a promising rookie a try. It’s not that dissimilar to the issues the Arizona Diamondbacks faced when they acquired Lyle Overbay, potentially blocking young rookie Paul Goldschmidt. Now, the Rockies don’t have a Goldschmidt, but I’d like to think that by 2015, someone with power and questionable defense like Kyle Parker or even Wilin Rosario could have been moved to first base and provided production equivalent to Morneau. However, the contract afforded to Morneau makes such an experiment more expensive. Overall, the Morneau contract wasn’t a “bad” contract and the Rockies have a decent shot at getting good value out of it. On the other hand, they also didn’t set the bar that high and while not painting themselves into a corner, made it more difficult to upgrade in the future. I’d hate to call it a stopgap move because the Rockies aren’t really in a rebuilding mode either, but if it was a part of an overall retooling, I’d like to think they could have gotten or made a better part.
Suitable tableware for the World Cup 2018 Today, we recommend to you tableware suited for the occasion of the World Cup 2018 so that you can tastefully present any treat on the table. A week ago, we listed tips for Preparations for the World Cup 2018 so that the football evening with your friends turns out to be a special experience. Recommend & remember Deciding against a public viewing or a visit to a bar also means that you are going to have to put in some more work, since as a host, you will have to cater to the creature comforts of your guests. For it is certain that none of them would like to give up a chilled beverage during the football match or go home with an empty stomach. Small snacks such as chips, nuts or wine gum often do the trick. That is if you haven’t already invited them over for barbecuing. In that case, you must be aware that being the host, you must assume the role of the grill chef yourself and in all probability will therefore be missing a major part of the game. Hence, it is better that you plan a separate Evening barbecue with friends. If you decide to go only for the small snacks, it would be a good idea for you to invest some time in advance for the proper presentation of food and drinks. Are you confused about the drinks that your friends prefer? Be prepared for the varying tastes of your friends and keep the appropriate glasses ready. You can also arrange a spread of multiple small bowls or containers with different foods on the living room table to deal with those little hunger pangs. Also make sure to have a bottle opener available for the beer and wine drinkers. We would like to propose a few suggestions here for tableware for the World Cup 2018: Shot and beer glasses: Say cheers for every goal! Delicious beer is a part of the World Cup game for several fans, as each goal calls for a “Bottoms up!” as a befitting celebration of one’s favourite team. Surprise your friends during a goal by buying a round, for instance, with the Paddle glass collection by LSA International in a colourful design. Perhaps a few of your friends are craft beer fans? Craft beer is very popular and trendy these days. Your personal victory is already guaranteed if you choose to provide the craft beer glasses by Spielgelau to your friends. Universal drinking glasses for the indecisive connoisseurs There might be other friends whose drinking preferences are not known to you. For them, you can offer the universal Lempi drinking glasses Iittala, which have been designed by the Swedish designer Matti Klenell. The softly rounded, stackable goblets for generous portions are available in dark purple, pale blue, transparent or grey and are real eye-catchers on the table. Snack dispensers for the occasional little hunger Are your nerves frayed because your friends are hungry? You can place a few chips, nuts or other sweets on the table as a small snack for your friends to munch on from time to time. The PopSome candy & snack dispensers by Tomorrow‘s Kitchen are a suitable option for this. These dispensers ensure hygienic removal of snacks among several persons. Thanks to the patented Oxiloc locking system, all the leftover snacks can be kept fresh until the next game and until the next chance to munch on something. Waiter knife with three features With the foldable Classic waiter knife from the Zwilling range, you will be well-prepared for the wine and beer drinkers. It is made of stainless steel, has an ergonomically formed grip by Micarta and combines the functions of a foil cutter, corkscrew and bottle opener.
Ask HN: How did Spotify get there first? - Apocryphon Spotify amazes me the same way Hulu did when I first discovered it. How did Spotify become the first to acquire so many licenses, and be the first app to offer easy streaming? Or rather, why did they get here first? Why couldn't Apple or Amazon or Google roll it out first? What separates Spotify from Grooveshark, Pandora, etc.? ====== JAVagueArgument I don't know for sure, but I am fairly confident that the creators had the right contacts in the industry, and they started in the EU, so might have been an easier place to gain ground slow but steady (although I believe they made a massive loss last year). I was one of the early beta users of Spotify and I recall at the time their collection was sparse for modern popular music, but they constantly added more labels and built up their collection slow but steady. Finally, they added a tie in with Facebook so it had a social side right away, and most importantly, originally it was unlimited and free which brought in masses of users, and big advertisers like Burger King. Then eventually they cycled back to a free limited free and added another subscription level which was half the full €10 a month. Having had it free for over a year, instead of complaining I signed up and am now a full subscriber. HTH. ~~~ Apocryphon Thanks! Another question I have is why is it finally hitting the U.S. now? It seems like it's taken almost a decade for a big "unlimited music streaming" type service to reach critical mass (which Spotify seems to be on its way to achieving in the States). ~~~ JAVagueArgument It is only hitting the U.S. now because, like many companies, they built a following in a smaller area first. They then used that to get record companies hooked as a small start up. The more they grew the more back catalogues and even indie artists got on board with them. So now they have a proven platform, architecture and refined client and importantly a tested price model (like I said it has changed frequently to find the right form). So they felt ready to move to the US where there is a much larger audience. I believe they also secured a big investment to help too. Add into that, the EU and UK do not have software patents, so it is much easier to make software over here than in the US. So of course as soon as Spotify go to the US they are under litigation from the software patent trolls. As for unlimited music streaming, it used to be Naptsters legal business model a few years ago, but the internet just wasn't fast enough back then and they were blocked as there was only iPod and it had no apps. Oh and what separates it from Grooveshark, Pandora or We7 you ask? It is their software client, it caches music, for fast access and less streaming, it can be used offline, and they have mobile versions for the $10 subs. HTH
ANNOUNCEMENT {#s1} ============ The microbial composition of poultry feed could be a critical factor for the development and growth of broilers and the establishment of their gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiome, particularly for those given feeds treated with antimicrobials, such as formaldehyde ([@B1]). Poultry feed harbors a wide array of microorganisms, including some potential pathogens ([@B2]). However, little is known about the taxonomy of nonpathogenic bacteria associated with commercial feeds. Since the presence of pathogens is relatively infrequent, it is important to gain a better understanding of the distribution and prevalence of nonpathogens ([@B1], [@B2]). Hygienic indicator organisms, represented by total aerobic colony count and coliform count, as well as Enterobacteriaceae, function in a way similar to that of particular foodborne pathogens and thus offer a permanent method for assessing and predicting the efficiency of sanitization agents against consequent pathogens that are difficult to detect ([@B2]). Based on previous findings, next-generation sequencing based on 16S rRNA gene amplification has been proposed for use in characterizing microbial populations in poultry feeds ([@B2], [@B3]). Therefore, application of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has been widely accepted for predicting possible microbial threat or preventing premature product spoilage under the food safety purview ([@B4]). WGS analysis performed on nonpathogenic and potentially pathogenic poultry feed isolates in this study will facilitate understanding of the distribution of candidate genes encoding proteins/enzymes related to virulence, toxins, stress, antimicrobial resistance, porins, monooxygenases, oxidoreductases, dioxygenases, and catabolism of heavy metals (lead, arsenic), among others, and will eventually determine the most suitable hygienic indicator bacteria in the poultry processing pipeline. Bacterial isolates from corn-based chicken feed were recovered on aerobic plate count (APC) agar ([@B5]). Initially, 10 g of feed was shaken in 100 ml tryptic soy broth (TSB) (BD Difco, Franklin Lakes, NJ) for 2 minutes; the mixtures were serially diluted and plated onto APC agar. Isolates were grown overnight at 37°C in an incubator. Unique colonies were isolated and purified repeatedly (3 times). Finally, 11 morphologically different colonies were selected for WGS analysis. Genomic DNA was extracted from pure cultures grown overnight in TSB at 37°C in an incubator using a DNase blood and tissue kit for bacteria (Sigma-Aldrich Corporation, Natick, MA) following the manufacturer's protocol (<http://www.bea.ki.se/documents/EN-DNeasy%20handbook.pdf>). A Nanodrop lite (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) analysis was performed on each isolated DNA sample for quantification purposes and to ensure sample purity ([@B5]). WGS was performed at the Hubbard Center for Genome Studies (University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH). A paired-end library was constructed using a Nextera DNA library preparation kit (Illumina, San Diego, CA) and sequenced with an Illumina HiSeq 2500 instrument to produce 250-bp paired-end reads. The total number of reads for each of the 11 strains is listed in [Table 1](#tab1){ref-type="table"}. Fastq files were trimmed for Nextera adapters and low-quality bases using Trimmomatic version 0.32 ([@B6]). For read trimming, trailing and leading bases were removed if the quality score was below 3. In addition, the reads were scanned using a 4-base sliding window and trimmed if the average quality dropped below 15. Trimmed sequencing reads were then assembled using the SPAdes pipeline version 3.5 ([@B7]) with default settings. QUAST version 4.6.0 ([@B8]) was used to assess the contiguity of the assemblies, and coverage statistics were calculated by mapping fastq reads to the assembled contigs with BWA-MEM (default settings) ([@B9]). The assembled genomes were annotated via the NCBI Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline (PGAP) ([@B10]). The taxonomic identity of each isolate was further confirmed by performing a BLASTn ([@B11]) search on 16S rRNA (∼1,500 bp) and translation initiation factor 2 (IF-2; ∼2,750 bp) gene sequences against the NCBI nucleotide database. For all isolates, the species identities ranged between 99% and 100%. The assembly metrics and annotated features are given in [Table 1](#tab1){ref-type="table"}. ###### Accession numbers, assembly metrics, and annotated features of the sequenced strains isolated from commercial corn-based chicken feed Bacterial species Strain GenBank accession no. SRA accession no.[^a^](#ngtab1.1){ref-type="table-fn"} Avg coverage (×) No. of contigs Total no. of reads Genome assembly size (bp) N~50~ (bp) G+C content (%) No. of coding genes No. of rRNAs No. of tRNAs No. of ncRNAs[^b^](#ngtab1.2){ref-type="table-fn"} ------------------------------ -------- ------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------- ------------------ ---------------- -------------------- --------------------------- -------------- ----------------- --------------------- -------------- -------------- ------------------------------------------------------ Enterococcus sp. PF-2 [VFLR00000000](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/VFLR00000000) [SRS4994585](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/SRS4994585) 425 29 6,481,210 3,667,502 436,646 53.30 3,350 6 51 4 Enterococcus sp. PF-3 [VFLT00000000](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/VFLT00000000) [SRS4994583](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/SRS4994583) 1,003 29 15,261,978 3,667,758 516,576 43.74 3,351 8 51 4 Klebsiella variicola PF-5 [VFLW00000000](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/VFLW00000000) [SRS4994578](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/SRS4994578) 348 30 8,094,380 5,548,017 446,212 57.35 5,222 15 78 9 Klebsiella variicola PF-1 [VFLS00000000](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/VFLS00000000) [SRS4994582](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/SRS4994582) 405 32 10,377,412 5,548,808 409,857 56.66 5,222 15 78 9 Kosakonia cowanii PF-6 [VFLX00000000](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/VFLX00000000) [SRS4994579](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/SRS4994579) 340 24 7,202,962 4,806,877 532,407 56.11 4,381 9 74 11 Kosakonia cowanii PF-9 [VFMA00000000](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/VFMA00000000) [SRS4994586](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/SRS4994586) 409 25 8,787,018 4,807,035 532,407 56.06 4,381 9 76 11 Kosakonia cowanii PF-104 [VFLU00000000](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/VFLU00000000) [SRS4994580](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/SRS4994580) 435 25 9,139,632 4,807,035 532,407 54.78 4,384 9 76 11 Pantoea vagans PF-103 [VFLQ00000000](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/VFLQ00000000) [SRS4994584](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/SRS4994584) 510 19 9,486,610 4,573,523 527,489 53.64 4,180 15 70 6 Pantoea vagans PF-7 [VFLY00000000](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/VFLY00000000) [SRS4994576](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/SRS4994576) 420 19 8,755,260 4,696,349 584,032 53.22 4,253 16 69 13 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia PF-8 [VFLZ00000000](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/VFLZ00000000) [SRS4994577](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/SRS4994577) 530 28 11,071,680 4,520,531 405,440 65.89 4,053 7 64 4 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia PF-4 [VFLV00000000](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/VFLV00000000) [SRS4994581](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/SRS4994581) 485 26 9,405,034 4,377,836 351,312 66.15 3,878 7 64 4 ![](MRA.00170-20-t0001) SRA, Sequence Read Archive. ncRNAs, noncoding RNAs. Data availability. {#s1.1} ------------------ Draft genome sequences and raw sequencing reads have been deposited at DDBJ/ENA/GenBank under the BioProject accession number [PRJNA543860](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA543860), and the described accession numbers in this publication are listed in [Table 1](#tab1){ref-type="table"}. This project was partly funded by Pittsburg State University Graduate and Continuing Studies and the Kansas IDeA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence (K-INBRE) (grant number P20 GM103418, National Institute of General Medical Sciences). The whole-genome sequencing was supported by the New Hampshire IDeA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence (NH-INBRE) (grant number P20 GM103506, National Institute of General Medical Sciences). We declare no conflicts of interest. [^1]: Present address: Andrew Micciche, Bio-Tech Pharmacal, Inc., Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA. [^2]: Citation Olson E, Micciche A, Sevigny JL, Ricke SC, Ghosh A. 2020. Draft genome sequences of 11 bacterial strains isolated from commercial corn-based poultry feed. Microbiol Resour Announc 9:e00170-20. <https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.00170-20>.
Manipulation Under Anesthesia Rates in Technology-Assisted versus Conventional-Instrumentation Total Knee Arthroplasty. Various technological advancements, specifically robotic assistance, have been implemented for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) procedures to attempt to improve patient outcomes and decrease complication rates. Manipulations under anesthesia have been considered a surrogate for knee stiffness, an undesired postoperative outcome that can potentially be avoided. Currently, there is a lack of information regarding the impact that these new technologies have on manipulations under anesthesia (MUA) rates following TKA. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate rates of MUAs between a consecutive series of patients who underwent robotic-assisted surgery compared to patients who underwent TKA with conventional instrumentation. A total of 188 consecutive robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasties were performed by five fellowship-trained, high-volume surgeons at academic and community institutions. Patients were paired to a consecutive equal number of control patients by each of the specific surgeon for comparison. All patients followed similar postoperative rehabilitation starting on postoperative day one. Rates of MUAs were evaluated within and between cohorts. Additionally, the percent difference of rates was calculated to compare cohorts. All patients were evaluated at a minimum of two years follow-up time from the index procedure. Chi-square analyses was performed to statistically compare MUA rates between the cohorts. The overall manipulation under anesthesia rate for the study cohort was 1.06% (2/188 patients), while it was 4.79% in the control cohort (9/188) (p=0.032). A 127.5% difference in manipulation under anesthesia rates was found between the two cohorts. No individual surgeons had higher MUA rates in their robotic-assisted group. Our study found that patients undergoing robotic-assisted TKA experienced a significant, 4.5-fold decrease in rates of manipulation under anesthesia (p=0.032). Given that MUAs can be a marker of knee stiffness following total knee arthroplasty, the lower rate indicates that study cohort patients had less knee stiffness and, therefore, greater initial postoperative range of motion than the control cohort. Based on these data, assistive technologies may have an advantageous role contributing to enhanced patient outcomes.
this is a discussion within the Saints Community Forum; Did this guy not take 9th grade english? Ayodelle was speaking figuratively -- he didnt literally pee pee on the field. But that will be the story, and this will be bulletin board material, and it'll just torch up already ... Did this guy not take 9th grade english? Ayodelle was speaking figuratively -- he didnt literally pee pee on the field. But that will be the story, and this will be bulletin board material, and it'll just torch up already bad blood. Should make for some good football. Good job boys. Get right up in their heads. Originally Posted by cajun911 I love one of the last comments at the bottom. ... did you read all that junk. Look at all the hate in the comments. "You're stupid," "you're retarded," "I hope you all die." Just everything thats wrong with the internet, right there before your eyes. Kinda reminds me of SR. Did this guy not take 9th grade english? Ayodelle was speaking figuratively -- he didnt literally pee pee on the field. But that will be the story, and this will be bulletin board material, and it'll just torch up already bad blood. Should make for some good football. Good job boys. Get right up in their heads.did you read all that junk. Look at all the hate in the comments. "You're stupid," "you're retarded," "I hope you all die." Just everything thats wrong with the internet, right there before your eyes. Kinda reminds me of SR. Hilarious. Just the type of ignorance that was sitting next to me for the game: "you guys are getting all the calls, Roddy doesn't push off, I'll take Ryan over Brees any day, blah blah blah." I love when he says the Saints are NOT acting like they have been there before. THAT'S a good thing right? still hungry, not complacent, still appreciating each victory?
select LandMarks --sortby '_id' --output_columns 'point' --limit -1 --filter 'geo_in_rectangle(point, "3x-3", "1x1") > 0' [ [ 0, 0.0, 0.0 ], [ [ [ 15 ], [ [ "point", "WGS84GeoPoint" ] ], [ "1x-3" ], [ "1x-2" ], [ "1x-1" ], [ "1x0" ], [ "1x1" ], [ "2x-3" ], [ "2x-2" ], [ "2x-1" ], [ "2x0" ], [ "2x1" ], [ "3x-3" ], [ "3x-2" ], [ "3x-1" ], [ "3x0" ], [ "3x1" ] ] ] ]
How (not) to model autonomous behaviour. Autonomous systems are the result of self-sustaining processes of constitution of an identity under precarious circumstances. They may transit through different modes of dynamical engagement with their environment, from committed ongoing coping to open susceptibility to external demands. This paper discusses these two statements and presents examples of models of autonomous behaviour using methods in evolutionary robotics. A model of an agent capable of issuing self-instructions demonstrates the fragility of modelling autonomy as a function rather than as a property of a system's organization. An alternative model of behavioural preference based on homeostatic adaptation avoids this problem by establishing a mutual constraining between lower-level processes (neural dynamics and sensorimotor interaction) and higher-level metadynamics (experience-dependent, homeostatic triggering of local plasticity and re-organization). The results of these models are lessons about how strong autonomy should be approached: neither as a function, nor as a matter of external vs. internal determination.
Michael Buckley Michael Buckley is an Art And Design teacher at Glenmoor School located in Bournemouth, Bournemouth. When comparing Michael Buckley's ratings to other teachers in the county of Bournemouth, Michael Buckley's ratings are above the average of 4.58 stars. Additionally, the average teacher rating at Glenmoor School is 4.06 stars. Glenmoor School is located in Bournemouth, Bournemouth with an average teacher rating of 4.06 stars. When comparing Glenmoor School's teachers to other teachers in the county of Bournemouth, Glenmoor School's teachers are below the average of 4.58 stars. Glenmoor School ranks 1 amongst all High Schools in the county of Bournemouth. Learn More
Fri, Mar 22, 2013 - Page 13 The project consists of 109 apartments measuring between 60 ping (198m2) and 100 ping, and priced less than NT$1 million (US$33,500) per ping, lower than the NT$1.2 million per ping touted by a project near the construction site of the American Institute in Taiwan’s new office compound in the same district. The project could generate NT$8 billion in revenue and is the Taipei-based developer’s only project this year, Delpha chairman Neil Lin (林文亮) said. The company is also weighing projects in New Taipei City (新北市) and Taoyuan because of the firm’s familiarity with these areas, Lin said. “I feel more comfortable doing business in northern Taiwan,” he added. Lin said he was not worried by sluggish luxury home sales and likened such properties to a work of art that will eventually find its way to the right collector. Moreover, the construction team responsible for the nation’s most expensive residential compound, The Palace (帝寶), is cooperating with Delpha on the project, Lin added. The launch of Delpha’s new project came after a survey valued new constructions in northern Taiwan at NT$293.9 billion during a promotional campaign period covering this month and next month, rising 45.5 percent from a year earlier. Chu Wen-yu (祝文宇), chairman of Jay San Lin Construction Co (甲山林), which is brokering Delpha’s Neihu project, said the market for new homes could experience a solid recovery in volume and value this year. “Real estate remains the favored investment tool, and luxury homes in popular locations will continue to attract buyers,” Chu said. Jay San Lin helped broker NT$73 billion of new home sales last year, Chu said, forecasting that this year’s figure would be more than NT$100 billion, given the sharp increase in interest from buyers after last month’s Lunar New Year holiday. Chu said he welcomed the recent appointment of land economics academic Chang Chin-oh (張金顎) as Taipei deputy mayor and hoped that Chang would offer a more realistic understanding of the market. Chang has advocated drastic tightening measures to induce a price correction after many people complained about the increasing unaffordability of housing in the capital. “It would be a major challenge for politicians to seek to influence the market’s direction, which is based on solid economic fundamentals and the effect of interest rates,” Chu said.
Kerala’s mesmerizing atmosphere is in itself a great thing to calm down your mind and soul. The Indian state has been the center of Ayurveda since the ancient times and is home to some of the finest massage practitioners on the globe. Lead your way towards the ultimate rejuvenation of the mind and body with authentic Ayurveda massage course in Kerala. In the land of coconuts, witness the real beauty of mother nature, learn the art of Ayurvedic massage therapy, and get acquainted with a wide range of herbs and herbal medicines. About the program: The massage course organized by Rishikul Ayurshala welcomes all those who wish to understand the technique of massage and detoxification from the world’s most renowned teachers. Program Highlights: • Get acquainted with the fundamental knowledge of the science of Ayurveda including an outline of various Ayurvedic practices. • Learn about the principles of Ayurvedic herbs and their utilization in daily life. • The knowledge of different types of Ayurveda massage. • Learn how to detect diseases and ailments to cure with the correct measures. • A deeper study of a diverse range of herbs, medicated oils, and herbal medicines. • Understand the process of making Ayurvedic medicines through herbs and oils. • The art of performing Abhyanga massage. • Introduction to Podikizhi and acquire the methods of performing Potli or bolus massage. • Head massage technique with the process of Shirodhara. • Practical experience in the field of massage therapy. • Understanding the principles of inner energy and chakras. About Rishikul Ayurshala: An elite member of Indian Ayurveda community, Rishikul Ayurshala is home to some of the most adept Ayurvedic minds in the world. The Ayurveda center aspires to create a world that is free from all kinds of diseases and stresses with treatments of the highest standard by well-practiced Ayurveda professionals through its listed Ayurveda courses in Kerala India. Ayurveda beauty therapy, anti-stress treatment, cooking courses, etc., are some of the many programs organized by the Ayurshala in India. The institute focuses on delivering the ancient wisdom with the modern approach designed specially by the team of Ayurveda experts. It is no more a secret that the world is facing a major health crisis and the primary reason for this is the poor eating style of the people. Rishikul Ayurshala welcomes you to get introduced to the sattvic way of relishing natural diet with Ayurvedic cooking courses in India. Learn the art of cooking ayurvedic food along with getting exposed to a wide range of plant-based dietary options during our cooking program in Kerala. About the program: The cooking course is aimed at rewarding you with the goodness of various healthy recipes, Indian spices, and other health-based natural diets. With our Ayurveda courses in India, we will take you to the introduction of health principles based on the science of Ayurveda. Program Highlights: • Introduction to Ayurveda and the role of food in the whole theory of the healing science. • Learn about three doshas and six tastes that play a major role in deciding the relationship between the recipes and the body processes. • Get acquainted with digestive fire and the idea of toxins. • Know about the nature of food and the preferable food types according to seasons. • Explore the impact of different kinds of food on various diseases. • Study of Ayurvedic diets blended with the practice of Yoga and spiritual lifestyle. • The process of pacifying the body doshas. • The art of cooking multiple types of cuisines that are an exclusive part of the Ayurvedic science. • Health importance of diets and awareness program concerning different ailments. • Usage of herbs and spices during illness. • The manner of introducing Ayurveda diet into the daily life. Fee Details: The new offer price for a week of Cooking course is USD 440. About Rishikul Ayurshala: Rishikul Ayurshala is a leading Ayurveda school in India. The Ayurshala is of the opinion that Ayurveda is the only way today’s population can lead the life of composure and peace. Thus, the Ayurveda center aims to provoke an Ayurvedic campaign in which it spreads the science all over the globe with its vast pool of courses and treatment programs. Every year, the Institute proudly puts hundreds of health-seekers on the road to rejuvenation and healing. Hair Loss affects many male and female across the globe. For the frustrated hair loss sufferers of the western medicines, the science of Ayurveda proves to be utilitarian. The hair loss Ayurvedic treatment center in India, Rishikul Ayurshala, offers natural treatments for hair loss. The treatments are carried out by globally by eminent Ayurveda experts, whose skillful touch grants the patients with a head of luscious hair. Program Description: At Rishikul Ayurshala, the renowned Ayurvedic treatment center in India, the treatments for hair growth incorporates a perfect blend of herbal techniques, dietary changes, yoga and massages. The treatment at the center is user-friendly, that is, customized according to the patient’s history and underlying causes. Highlights of the Center: ● Rishikul Ayurshala is a reputed and highly reviewed school on the birthland of Ayurveda, India. ● The center’s hair loss treatments are verified and natural in characteristics. ● Homegrown herbs in an organic manner are extensively used in the treatments. Bhringraj, Amla, Ritha, Ashwagandha, etc. are some of the widely known and used herbs at the center for regeneration of hair. ● The Ayurvedic treatment of Shirodhara is performed in a traditional fashion by Ayurvedic doctors for hair growth ● Ayurvedic massages are an important aspect of hair loss treatments. The soothing massages by the skilled masseurs reduce stress and improve blood circulation that fosters healthy hair growth. ● The center primarily focuses on Yoga and Meditation as a non-invasive path to control hair damage and hair fall. Patients are encouraged to practice yoga postures that foster hair growth in a correct way. ● According to the root cause of hair fall, diet and lifestyle changes are advised to the patients for timely and natural hair growth. The center has a team of qualified doctors that prescribe diets best suitable for the patient. ● During hair loss therapy at Rishikul Ayurshala, herbal medication is given priority. The medicines given are safe to consume with no side-effects and ensure positive results. ● The hair loss treatments are carried out in the guidance of Ayurvedic practitioners and doctors, who have devoted their lives to the healing wisdom of Ayurveda. About Rishikul Ayurshala: Rishikul Ayurshala is an established Ayurvedic treatment center in India at Kerala. Being founded on the soil of Kerala — the true nurturer of Ayurveda, the center offers courses, treatments and therapies in an authentic and traditional fashion. The Ayurvedic massage courses in India, Ayurveda cooking course, Panchakarma treatment are some of the best it has on offer. God’s own land, Kerala makes its presence with astonishing beaches, multiple devotional centers and temples, the breathtaking serenity of Kerala backwaters, and its era-old Ayurvedic culture. The place welcomes you to fall in love with the spiritual delight of Yoga with Rishikul Yogshala’s Yoga teacher training in Kerala. Relish the wonders of India’s coastal town and fulfill your dream of becoming a certified Yoga teacher. About the Program: Rishikul Yogshala’s training program is conducted in three forms – 200 hour Yoga teacher training in Kerala, 300 Hour YTTC, and 500 Hour training, all based on the classical way of yogic teaching. Program Highlights: ● Know about the traditional and the most pure of Yoga forms – Hatha Yoga and Ashtanga Yoga. ● Education of Yoga’s spiritual aspect to make it a part of the life. ● Pranayama training for bettering the body metabolism. ● Calm your mind and soul with the mindful practice of Meditation. ● Advancement of the asanas with Adjustment and Alignment theories. ● Study of the body anatomy for understanding the role of Yoga in regulating the internal body functions. ● Learn about the roles and responsibilities of a Yoga teacher. ● Understand the science of Ayurveda and its healing benefits in one’s life. ● Introduction to Laughter Yoga and Yoga Dance for mixing the benefits of Yoga with fun. ● Visits and sightseeing to local spiritual and historical places. Food and Accommodation: Give your hunger pangs a much-needed enjoyment while relishing an assortment of Indian yogic diets that are prepared by our adept chefs. For nourishing the body and mind completely, we offer three palatable and sattvic meals a day that are completely vegetarian in nature. Living in an ashram located at a walking distance from the pristine beaches of Varkala and made in the Vedic style bamboo-huts is an experience that you will cherish for long. Our Kerala Yoga center offers you a beautiful view of the Western Ghats vegetation while you soak the warmth of the Sun sitting in the lush garden. About Rishikul Yogshala: Rishikul Yogshala, a name that holds enormous importance in the field of Yoga education has been serving the Yoga community since 2011. Having branches in six countries, the Yogshala offers a number of programs such as Yoga TTC, Yoga retreats, Meditation retreat, etc. Every year the Yoga Alliance affiliated school welcomes more than thousands of students from all over the world. Today’s fast-paced world of untimely living and improper eating is plunged with a pool of diseases from which nobody can escape. While running behind this challenging lifestyle, the generation has gone very far from nature and the natural way of living. Rishikul Yogshala brings an opportunity for you to find an answer to every health and wellness problem people face with Ayurveda courses in Kerala. Redefine the way of your existence on the planet by instilling the flavor of Ayurveda in life when you set your foot on the sacred soil of Kerala. About the program: Rishikul Ayurshala’s courses cover a wide-ranging aspect of the herbal science, based completely on the training of Ayurvedic awareness. Have a look at the principal highlights of the program in Kerala: ● Introduction to the basics of Ayurveda including the historical and cultural significance of Ayurveda. ● The awareness program of Ayurveda marks your entry into the world of the health science. ● Understand the basic structure and constituents of the human body. ● Rishikul Ayurshala’s exclusive program, Ayurveda cooking course in Kerala introduces you to an array of organic diets and the art of cooking sattvic food. ● Improve your concept of Ayurvedic lifestyle that is based on the goodness of nature. ● Analysis and discussion on various doshas and tastes in the human body and their effects on health and wellness. ● Learn about the role of Ayurveda in retaining the external and internal beauty of a person. ● Introduction to various diets that sponsor healthy skin. ● Get acquainted with the art of spotting diseases and their reasons to apply correct medicine on time. About Rishikul Ayurshala: Rishikul Ayurshala is the Ayurveda wing of Rishikul Yogshala, one of the most prominent Yoga schools in the world. We are a team of passionate Ayurveda practitioners and talented nutritionists, who take immense interest in studying and offering the science herbal intelligence. We are on a mission to set a benchmark of Ayurveda education and treatment facilities with world-class programs based on the traditional organic principles. Some of our major programs include Ayurveda cooking course, Hair loss therapy, Panchakarma treatment, etc. It is no more a secret that the world is facing a major health crisis and the primary reason for this is the poor eating style of the people. Rishikul Ayurshala welcomes you to get introduced to the sattvic way of relishing natural diet with Ayurvedic cooking courses in India. Learn the art of cooking ayurvedic food along with getting exposed to a wide range of plant-based dietary options during our cooking program in Kerala. About the program: The cooking course is aimed at rewarding you with the goodness of various healthy recipes, Indian spices, and other health-based natural diets. With our Ayurveda courses in India, we will take you to the introduction of health principles based on the science of Ayurveda. Program Highlights: • Introduction to Ayurveda and the role of food in the whole theory of the healing science. • Learn about three doshas and six tastes that play a major role in deciding the relationship between the recipes and the body processes. • Get acquainted with digestive fire and the idea of toxins. • Know about the nature of food and the preferable food types according to seasons. • Explore the impact of different kinds of food on various diseases. • Study of Ayurvedic diets blended with the practice of Yoga and spiritual lifestyle. • The process of pacifying the body doshas. • The art of cooking multiple types of cuisines that are an exclusive part of the Ayurvedic science. • Health importance of diets and awareness program concerning different ailments. • Usage of herbs and spices during illness. • The manner of introducing Ayurveda diet into the daily life. Fee Details: The new offer price for a week of Cooking course is USD 440. About Rishikul Ayurshala: Rishikul Ayurshala is a leading Ayurveda school in India. The Ayurshala is of the opinion that Ayurveda is the only way today’s population can lead the life of composure and peace. Thus, the Ayurveda center aims to provoke an Ayurvedic campaign in which it spreads the science all over the globe with its vast pool of courses and treatment programs. Every year, the Institute proudly puts hundreds of health-seekers on the road to rejuvenation and healing. Founded in 2001, WHIRL is Western Pennsylvania’s Premier Lifestyle Magazine. Twelve times per year, WHIRL promotes the people, places, and businesses that help Pittsburgh continue to be “America’s Most Livable City.”
There’s been no material change in the Colin Kaepernick story for months now, but Austin Davis still feels like some sort of breaking point. After all, the Seattle Seahawks appeared to offer Kaepernick his best hope for ending his job search. An open-minded organization in an open-minded part of the country with an offense engineered around a mobile quarterback, Seattle kicked the tires on Kaepernick late last month and said they liked what they saw. “He’s a starter in this league,” Seahawks coach Pete Carroll said. And then, when it came time to pick a veteran backup for Russell Wilson, the Seahawks signed Austin Davis. Which means ... Well, at this point it means something big is going to have to change in order for Kaepernick to find a job. An injury or some other unforeseen calamity will have to upset some team’s quarterback situation enough to change its mind on giving him a chance -- even to be a backup. It’s June now. Teams are finishing OTAs and heading into mandatory minicamps, which represent the final activity before training camps begin in July. That means offseason rosters are basically set, and the only team that’s even had Kaepernick in its building gave a roster spot to Austin Davis instead. Colin Kaepernick threw 16 touchdown passes and four interceptions last season in 11 starts, but the free-agent QB has only visited one team this offseason. AP Photo/Marcio Jose Sanchez New York Giants owner John Mara last week gave voice to the presumed (but previously unspoken) reason many teams have shied away, when he told The MMQB he’d never received more or angrier messages from fans than he did at the height of the Kaepernick national anthem controversy last season. While not saying that’s why he didn’t sign Kaepernick, Mara made the point that teams are aware of the emotions that come attached to Kaepernick. It was easy to infer from his remarks that -- fairly or unfairly -- any team signing Kaepernick would risk angering a segment of its fan base. And teams don’t like to do that. Which is why at least 31 quarterbacks whose 55.2 Total QBR in 2016 was lower than that of Kaepernick -- who ranked an uninspiring 23rd in that category -- are on NFL rosters right now and he’s not. That number doesn’t count Austin Davis, who in five NFL seasons has 13 touchdown passes and 12 interceptions but who didn’t take a snap in 2016. It does count the likes of Mark Sanchez, Nick Foles, Geno Smith and Ryan Fitzpatrick. It does not count Blaine Gabbert, who ranked a couple of spots ahead of Kaepernick on that list but also lost his job with the 49ers to Kaepernick midseason. Carroll’s assertion that Kaepernick is a starter in the NFL might not hold up under an honest assessment of the once-brilliant quarterback’s performance over the past couple of seasons, but it’s undeniable that Kaepernick has more to offer than many of the quarterbacks who will report to NFL training camps next month. And while his protest of the anthem was peaceful and harmless and even respectful once he amended it upon consultation with members of the military, it was something the league hadn’t seen before, and it stirred fan anger to a unique extent that alarms NFL team owners. Which means, for Kaepernick to find a job at this point, some team’s desperation is going to have to overcome its trepidation. It means that not every organization would consider him even if things did get desperate. It means there’s no way to predict when or where this saga ends, and that Kaepernick continues to sit on the sideline instead of getting to a minicamp and getting the coaching his career needs to help it get back on track. In a league that grants high-profile second chances to drunk drivers, domestic abusers and performance-enhancing drug users, Kaepernick can’t get one. And it’s clear that his anthem protest -- alarming in unprecedented ways to team owners -- is a major reason. At this point, something big and out of his control is going to have to happen for that to change.
No, G. K. Chesterton never appeared before the United States Supreme Court in person. (Just imagine the massive man making an impassioned case before the judges!) Yet he was quoted in 2018 and 2019 in both a dissent from Justice Neil Gorsuch and also a concurring opinion by Justice Clarence Thomas. Gorsuch, Chesterton, and the Fence Justice Gorsuch opened and closed his dissent in Artis v. District of Columbia with the example of Chesterton’s fence: Chesterton reminds us not to clear away a fence just because we cannot see its point. Even if a fence doesn’t seem to have a reason, sometimes all that means is we need to look more carefully for the reason it was built in the first place. The same might be said about the law before us. As a Chesterton fan, it’s exciting to see him quoted as an obvious and well-known authority. Gorsuch provides no context, footnote, or even the initials “G. K.” He assumes that, simply by saying “Chesterton,” his readers will know who he is talking about, much like we would quote Shakespeare or any other author whose authority is so evident that nothing more needs saying. The example that Gorsuch refers to comes from Chesterton’s 1929 book, The Thing. “In the matter of reforming things, as distinct from deforming them, there is one plain and simple principle; a principle which will probably be called a paradox. There exists in such a case a certain institution or law; let us say, for the sake of simplicity, a fence or gate erected across a road. The more modern type of reformer goes gaily up to it and says, ‘I don’t see the use of this; let us clear it away.’ To which the more intelligent type of reformer will do well to answer: ‘If you don’t see the use of it, I certainly won’t let you clear it away. Go away and think. Then, when you can come back and tell me that you do see the use of it, I may allow you to destroy it.’ “This paradox rests on the most elementary common sense. The gate or fence did not grow there. It was not set up by somnambulists who built it in their sleep. It is highly improbable that it was put there by escaped lunatics who were for some reason loose in the street. Some person had some reason for thinking it would be a good thing for somebody. And until we know what the reason was, we really cannot judge whether the reason was reasonable. It is extremely probable that we have overlooked some whole aspect of the question, if something set up by human beings like ourselves seems to be entirely meaningless and mysterious. “There are reformers who get over this difficulty by assuming that all their fathers were fools; but if that be so, we can only say that folly appears to be a hereditary disease. But the truth is that nobody has any business to destroy a social institution until he has really seen it as an historical institution. If he knows how it arose, and what purposes it was supposed to serve, he may really be able to say that they were bad purposes, that they have since become bad purposes, or that they are purposes which are no longer served. But if he simply stares at the thing as a senseless monstrosity that has somehow sprung up in his path, it is he and not the traditionalist who is suffering from an illusion.” Gorsuch returned to Chesterton’s parable of the fence at the end of the dissent: The Court today clears away a fence that once marked a basic boundary between federal and state power. Maybe it wasn’t the most vital fence and maybe we’ve just simply forgotten why this particular fence was built in the first place. But maybe, too, we’ve forgotten because we’ve wandered so far from the idea of a federal government of limited and enumerated powers that we’ve begun to lose sight of what it looked like in the first place. Chesterton vs. Cynicism In his book A Republic If You Can Keep It Gorsuch quotes from Chesterton again when exhorting his readers to avoid cynicism: Sometimes it’s hard to see the way forward for all the trials that lie so squarely before us. But when you find yourself in doubt, I encourage you to remember this story from G. K. Chesterton. Chesterton noted that an ordinary man, asked “on the spur of the moment” to explain “why he prefer[red] civilization to savagery,” likely “would look wildly round at object after object, and would only be able to answer vaguely, ‘Why, there is that bookcase . . . and the coals in the coal-scuttle . . . and pianos . . . and policemen.’” But, as Chesterton reminds us, there is sometimes wisdom in a stuttering reply. Sometimes the virtues of civilization are too numerous to count, almost so obvious as to be too obvious to see. If asked to explain them, it’s hard to know where to begin. The same is true of our constitutionally governed republic. We may not always notice them, but what the Constitution calls our “Blessings of liberty” are everywhere around us. Chesterton, Justice Thomas, and the Evil of Eugenics The second Chesterton quote shows up in a blistering concurring opinion from Justice Clarence Thomas Box v. Planned Parenthood of Indiana and Kentucky, Inc. For 20 pages, Justice Thomas lays out the racist and eugenic roots of America’s abortion regime in all their gruesomeness. The comment from Chesterton comes during a portion in which Thomas lays out the many reasons eugenicists did their “purifying” work: Although race was relevant, eugenicists did not define a person’s “fitness” exclusively by race. A typical list of dysgenic individuals would also include some combination of the “feeble-minded,” “insane,” “criminalistic,” “de- formed,” “crippled,” “epileptic,” “inebriate,” “diseased,” “blind,” “deaf,” and “dependent (including orphans and paupers).” Imbeciles 139; see Applied Eugenics 176–183; cf. G. Chesterton, Eugenics and Other Evils 61 (1922) (“[F]eeble-mindedness is a new phrase under which you might segregate anybody” because “this phrase conveys nothing fixed and outside opinion.” Chesterton’s books are full of insight and are generally suffused with humility and humor. One of the few exceptions to the typical joyful tone in Chesterton’s corpus is Eugenics and Other Evils, the book Justice Thomas quotes from here. Chesterton expresses horror and anger at the arguments from those who advocated the sterilization of inferior groups of people, arguments in the early 1900s that were embraced by many considered to be “progressive,” including Teddy Roosevelt, Helen Keller, Margaret Sanger, and Oliver Wendell Holmes. Echoes of this mindset—that some are “unfit” for life or fertility—continue to show up today in both the ideology of the alt-right and the underlying ideology of recent abortion advocacy for populations in poverty. In 2009, while commenting on the court’s upholding of the Hyde Amendment that prohibits the use of federal funding for abortion, Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg remarked: Frankly, I had thought that at the time Roe was decided, there was concern about population growth and particularly growth in populations that we don’t want to have too many of. So that Roe was going to be then set up for Medicaid funding of abortion. Justice Thomas’s dissent ties today’s abortion regime with last century’s push for eugenics, a movement that explicitly sought to limit “populations that we don’t want to have too many of.” In doing so, he turned to Chesterton’s argument against requiring sterilization of “the feeble-minded.” Here is the fuller context of Chesterton’s quote: “The whole point of our contention is that this phrase conveys nothing fixed and outside opinion. There is such a thing as mania, which has always been segregated; there is such a thing as idiotcy, which has always been segregated; but feeble-mindedness is a new phrase under which you might segregate anybody. “My point is not that I have never met anyone whom I should call feeble-minded, rather than mad or imbecile. My point is that if I want to dispossess a nephew, oust a rival, silence a blackmailer, or get rid of an importunate widow, there is nothing in logic to prevent my calling them feeble-minded too. And the vaguer the charge is the less they will be able to disprove it.” Justice Thomas relies on Chesterton as part of his broader goal of showing just how expansive and insidious the eugenics mindset could be. He excoriates the “full-throated defense of forced sterilization” that marked the Supreme Court in 1927, including this chilling statement from Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes: “We have seen more than once that the public welfare may call upon the best citizens for their lives. It would be strange if it could not call upon those who already sap the strength of the State for these lesser sacrifices, often not felt to be such by those concerned, in order to prevent our being swamped with incompetence. It is better for all the world, if instead of waiting to execute degenerate offspring for crime, or to let them starve for their imbecility, society can prevent those who are manifestly unfit from continuing their kind. The principle that sustains compulsory vaccination is broad enough to cover cutting the Fallopian tubes. Three generations of imbeciles are enough.” Near his conclusion, Thomas writes: Enshrining a constitutional right to an abortion based solely on the race, sex, or disability of an unborn child, as Planned Parenthood advocates, would constitutionalize the views of the 20th-century eugenics movement. Thomas shares the same instinct as Chesterton in regards to eugenics, sterilization, and abortion. We can only hope more Supreme Court justices will share that revulsion in the future.
Facebook Q3 2013 earnings have company grow by leaps and bounds This afternoon Facebook’s financial Q3 report included word that the company was running up on expectations for growth, beating both 3-month and 6-month totals over the 2012 season at this time. This earnings report included word from CEO Mark Zuckerberg that “the next phase of our company” was ready to unfurl. Facebook’s report began with word that they’d also attained a powerful 728 daily active users on average for the month of September, an increase of 25% compared to the same period in 2012. According to Facebook’s results, revenue for this third quarter of the year here in 2013 brought on a 60% increase from the same quarter last year. This means that Facebook’s $1.26 billion in revenue for Q3 of 2012 was given a thump on the head by Q3 of 2013, coming in with a revenue of $2.02 billion. This revenue comes in a big way from advertising which accounted for $1.80 billion of the total for this period. Facebook’s monthly active users came up to 1.19 million as of September 30th of 2013, this accounting for an increase of 18% year-over-year. Mobile-specific monthly users rang up to 874 million this period in 2013 while daily average users using mobile devices on Facebook averaged out to be 507 million. ”"For nearly ten years, Facebook has been on a mission to connect the world. The strong results we achieved this quarter show that we're prepared for the next phase of our company, as we work to bring the next five billion people online and into the knowledge economy.” - Mark Zuckerberg Revenue generation continues to be largely USA-based, while Europe is appearing to grow at a steady rate, currently accounting for about a quarter of Facebook’s overall total. The USA accounts for nearly half, while Asia and the rest of the world combined take the final quarter of the pie. In the end, it’s a massive third-quarter net income of $425 million the company is proud to announce here at the end of October, this up from a loss of $59 million USD one year ago this same quarter.
Labels: PSA: It’s Hot: Clean Your Computer (and other electronics) It is, once again, that time of the year to nag you to bust out the toothbrushes and compressed air to give your favorite lil’ electricity guzzling buddies a good grooming. It’s dust bunny hunting season! Need some guidance? Lifehacker has a guide to cleaning your peripherals and desktops (spoiler alert! Unplug and stick a vacuum hose on open spots). Laptop owners not afraid of opening the case up can check out this Instructable’s gude. Pro tip: Keep a coffee mug handy for all those little screws! And while were sprucing up our stuff, don’t forget about that scrungy, smudgy smartphone and tablet! While I’m of the ‘Just whack it with a Lysol/Clorox wipe’ opinion (Been doing it for years. Works great unless you use a screen protector), here’s a more by-the-book guide. You know what else generates tons of heat and has air vents you probably haven’t checked for ages? Your kitchen appliances! Microwaves and refrigerators both have rather crucial air intake vents on the back we seldom think about. Still, there they are, busily scooping up wayward hair from that vicious, man-eating excuse for a pet your spouse brought home. Your fridge doesn’t exactly cool your food well when it can’t bring in enough air to keep itself at a reasonable temperature. Well, it looks like you’ve got work to do, so I’ll let you go. Congratulations on extending the life of your devices!
Q: Solving a definite integral with constraints on the limits I have the following definite double integral. $\int _0^{\frac{d}{1-r}}\int _{\frac{d+r x-x}{r}}^s [(1-r) x+r y -d]dydx$ with the constraints: $0\leq d \leq 1$, $1 \leq s \leq 4$, $0 \leq r \leq 1$, $0 \leq x \leq s$, $0\leq y \leq s$. My code for solving this integration is Integrate[(1 - r)x + ry - d, {x, 0, d/(1 - r)}, {y, (d + rx - x)/r,s}] And I got (d^3 - 3 d^2 r s + 3 d r^2 s^2)/(6 r - 6 r^2) But I think this is not correct because the variables $x$ and $y$ are bounded by $0$ and $s$ and therefore I think I need additional constraints on the limits, i.e. $\frac{d}{1-r}\leq s$ and $0 \leq \frac{d+rx-x}{r} \leq s$. And I'm wondering how to add these two constraints in solving the above integration. Can anyone help please? Thanks! A: You have to modify the integration limits to {x, 0, Min[s, d/(1 - r)]}, {y, Max[0, Min[s, (d + rx - x)/r]], s} Because Mathematica can't solve symbolica I give a numeric solution int[s_?NumericQ, d_?NumericQ, r_?NumericQ] :=NIntegrate[(1 - r)x + ry - d, {x, 0, Min[s, d/(1 - r)]}, {y,Max[0, Min[s, (d + r*x - x)/r]], s} ] The result can be plotted for variing s in the parameterrange 0<d,r<1 Plot3D[ int[#, d, r], {d, 0, 1}, {r, 0, 1}, AxesLabel -> {d, r, None},PlotLabel -> "s== " <> ToString[#]] &[2]
/* * Copyright (c) 2012-2020 Snowplow Analytics Ltd. All rights reserved. * * This program is licensed to you under the Apache License Version 2.0, * and you may not use this file except in compliance with the Apache License Version 2.0. * You may obtain a copy of the Apache License Version 2.0 at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0. * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, * software distributed under the Apache License Version 2.0 is distributed on an * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the Apache License Version 2.0 for the specific language governing permissions and limitations there under. / package com.snowplowanalytics.snowplow.enrich.common import cats.data.NonEmptyList /* * The parent for our ETL-specific exceptions * Note that the SnowPlow ETL does not use exceptions for control flow - it uses Scalaz * Validation and ValidationNel objects. * However two types of exception we do support are: * 1. FatalEtlException - should always cause the ETL to die * 2. UnexpectedEtlException - ETL may die or continue, depending on the ETL config / sealed class EtlException(msg: String) extends RuntimeException(msg) /* * Holds ways of constructing the exception message from a Scalaz Validation or ValidatioNel. * Mixed into the companion objects for the exceptions below. / trait EtlExceptionConstructors[E <: EtlException] { // Structured type lets us pass in // a factory to construct our E self: { val fac: (String => E) } => /* * Alternative constructor for the companion object. * Converts a Scalaz NonEmptyList[String] into a single String error message. * @param errs The list of error messages * @return a new EtlException of type E / def apply(errs: NonEmptyList[String]): E = apply(errs.toList) /* * Alternative constructor for the companion object. * Converts a List[String] into a single String error message. * @param errs The list of error messages * @return a new EtlException of type E / def apply(errs: List[String]): E = fac(formatErrors(errs)) /* * A helper to format the list of error messages. * @param errs The list of error messages * @return a nicely formatted error String / private def formatErrors(errs: List[String]): String = "EtlException Errors:\n - %s".format(errs.mkString("\n - ")) } /* * Companion object for FatalEtlException * Contains an apply() constructor which takes a Scalaz NonEmptyList[String] - see * ValidationConstructors trait for details. / object FatalEtlException extends EtlExceptionConstructors[FatalEtlException] { val fac = (msg: String) => FatalEtlException(msg) } /* Companion object for FatalEtlError / // TODO: delete when Cascading FailureTrap supports exclusions object FatalEtlError { def apply(errs: NonEmptyList[String]): FatalEtlError = apply(errs.toList) def apply(errs: List[String]): FatalEtlError = FatalEtlError(formatErrors(errs)) private def formatErrors(errs: List[String]): String = "EtlError Errors:\n - %s".format(errs.mkString("\n - ")) } /* * Companion object for UnexpectedEtlException * Contains an apply() constructor which takes a Scalaz NonEmptyList[String] - see * ValidationConstructors trait for details. / object UnexpectedEtlException extends EtlExceptionConstructors[UnexpectedEtlException] { val fac = (msg: String) => UnexpectedEtlException(msg) } /* * A fatal exception in our ETL. Will only be thrown if the ETL cannot feasibly be run - do not * try to catch it, or a kitten dies. / case class FatalEtlException(msg: String) extends EtlException(msg) /* A fatal error in our ETL. / case class FatalEtlError(msg: String) extends Error(msg) /* * An unexpected exception in our ETL. * Will be thrown in the event of an unexpected exception. How to handle it will depend on the * setting of the Continue On Unexpected Error? flag passed in to the ETL. */ case class UnexpectedEtlException(msg: String) extends EtlException(msg)
God's dreams for your life are not intended to kill your joy but to enhance it. Whether you're fed up with dating and hooking up as usual, tired of being single, numb because of porn and casual sex, or curious about how to improve your marriage, this book is for you. Praise for Swipe Right "It's my hope that whoever reads this will have their thoughts of the heart as seriously provoked as mine have been." —Ryan Good Producer, writer, and entrepreneur "It's a perspective I believe we need now more than ever." —Steven Furtick Pastor, Elevation Church, and New York Times bestselling author "One day, someday, there will be a day where you will need the down-to-earth wisdom in this book like you will oxygen." —Joel Houston Songwriter, Hillsong United, and pastor, Hillsong NYC "Swipe Right isn't just another book of how-not-tos but an honest, gritty, and real-time approach to navigating dating, sex, and romance with our souls and sanity intact." —Judah Smith Lead pastor, The City Church, and New York Times bestselling author of Jesus Is _____. "Swipe Right is a timely, wonderful, prophetic, and needed message for our generation." —Christine Caine Founder of the A21 Campaign and bestselling author of Unashamed "If you are wondering what God's plans are for your love life, or leading those in search of his plan for theirs, you need this book." —Louie Giglio Pastor of Passion City Church, founder of Passion Conferences, and author of The Comeback "This is a good book. Study it, ponder it, and, if you know a fifteen-year-old, tell them to read it." —Max Lucado New York Times bestselling author "We need the Swipe Right message now more than ever before." —Lysa TerKeurst New York Times bestselling author and president of Proverbs 31 Ministries "This is more than just a book; it's a life jacket!" —Chris Tomlin Grammy Award–winning musician and author of Good Good Father "Levi shows that God will light our way, if we allow him to." —Carl Lentz Pastor, Hillsong NYC "Funny and engaging, while simultaneously practical and hard-hitting." God's dreams for your life are not intended to kill your joy but to enhance it. Whether you're fed up with dating and hooking up as usual, tired of being single, numb because of porn and casual sex, or curious about how to improve your marriage, this book is for you. Praise for Swipe Right "It's my hope that whoever reads this will have their thoughts of the heart as seriously provoked as mine have been." —Ryan Good Producer, writer, and entrepreneur "It's a perspective I believe we need now more than ever." —Steven Furtick Pastor, Elevation Church, and New York Times bestselling author "One day, someday, there will be a day where you will need the down-to-earth wisdom in this book like you will oxygen." —Joel Houston Songwriter, Hillsong United, and pastor, Hillsong NYC "Swipe Right isn't just another book of how-not-tos but an honest, gritty, and real-time approach to navigating dating, sex, and romance with our souls and sanity intact." —Judah Smith Lead pastor, The City Church, and New York Times bestselling author of Jesus Is _____. "Swipe Right is a timely, wonderful, prophetic, and needed message for our generation." —Christine Caine Founder of the A21 Campaign and bestselling author of Unashamed "If you are wondering what God's plans are for your love life, or leading those in search of his plan for theirs, you need this book." —Louie Giglio Pastor of Passion City Church, founder of Passion Conferences, and author of The Comeback "This is a good book. Study it, ponder it, and, if you know a fifteen-year-old, tell them to read it." —Max Lucado New York Times bestselling author "We need the Swipe Right message now more than ever before." —Lysa TerKeurst New York Times bestselling author and president of Proverbs 31 Ministries "This is more than just a book; it's a life jacket!" —Chris Tomlin Grammy Award–winning musician and author of Good Good Father "Levi shows that God will light our way, if we allow him to." —Carl Lentz Pastor, Hillsong NYC "Funny and engaging, while simultaneously practical and hard-hitting." Why is availability limited? The Kindle Book format for this title is not supported on: Disney video end user license agreement (EULA) Before you stream any Disney Content, carefully read this EULA. Before you can license any Disney Content, you will be asked to accept all the terms of this EULA. If you do not wish to accept all the terms of this EULA, you will not be able to license the Disney Content. 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Reciprocal interactions between CA3 network activity and strength of recurrent collateral synapses. In hippocampal slices, synchronous CA3 network activity induced persistent strengthening of active positive-feedback synapses. This altered network operation by increasing probability of future synchronous network activation. Long-term depression of synaptic strength induced by partial blockade of NMDA receptors during synchronous network activity reversed changes in probability of spontaneous network activation. These results suggest that specific network activity patterns selectively alter strength of active synapses. Stable, reversible alterations in network activity can also be effected by corresponding alterations in synaptic strength. These findings confirm the Hebb memory model at the neural-network level and suggest new therapies for pathological patterns of network activity in epilepsy.
Introduction {#Sec1} ============ Limb lengthening and deformity correction is a rapidly evolving orthopedic subspecialty that is gaining international popularity. Part of the reason for this peaked interest is the trend towards internal fixation instead of total reliance on external fixation. Most notably, the intramedullary nail (IMN) has taken the center stage for its ability to acutely correct deformities and/or gradually lengthen both the femur and the tibia \[[@CR1]\]. The emergence of a reliable internal lengthening nail (ILN) has added the distinct advantage of combining acute deformity correction with gradual lengthening of bone. The ILN frequently does not provide adequate stability in metaphyseal regions having wide medullary canals \[[@CR1], [@CR2]\]. Intramedullary nailing after corrective osteotomy requires that the deformity be corrected before reaming and nail insertion. If the deformity is not corrected and reaming ensues, the IM nail will follow the path of the reamer making the correction impossible. Similarly, during bone lengthening with an ILN, the bone may angulate and result in malalignment and deformity. These deformities are mostly predictable depending on the location of the osteotomy. Pivotal to the success of the ILN is the appropriate use of blocking screws. Well-placed blocking screws will aide in the reduction of a deformity, hold an osteotomy reduction in place especially during the lengthening process, and will help prevent novel distraction-induced malalignment of the bone fragments \[[@CR3], [@CR4]\]. But deciding the location(s) and the number of blocking screws is often difficult and confusing. The aim of this manuscript is to present a detailed review of the common patterns of deformities that occur during limb lengthening and deformity correction using ILN, to present a systematic approach to the appropriate use of blocking screws and to introduce the "reverse rule of thumb" as a quick reference for surgeons to know the ideal location(s) and the number of blocking screws. The "reverse rule of thumb" for blocking screws can be applied to any long bone, any fragment (proximal or distal), and any nailing technique (antegrade or retrograde as well as open or closed nailing). The patterns of deformity and the reverse rule of thumb are relevant to limb lengthening, deformity correction and fracture fixation using interlocked intramedullary nails. Patterns of deformity (angulation) {#Sec2} ================================== The commonly encountered patterns of deformity are bone specific and osteotomy site specific. Deformities can be preexisting or can arise as the result of distraction osteogenesis. Preexisting deformities are corrected acutely. Deformities of the proximal femur meta-diaphysis are best controlled with an intraoperative external fixator and a fixator-assisted nailing technique \[[@CR5]\]. Once the nail is in place, it does not require blocking screws in the proximal fragment. The distal fragment could possibly go into varus or valgus during lengthening and may benefit blocking screws. This pattern of lengthening-induced deformity is not common. Deformities of the distal femur metaphysis are best corrected by first placing the blocking screw, then reaming, and then passing the nail. Additional screws can be added as needed. Deformities of the proximal tibial metaphysis are treated in the same way with insertion of a directional blocking screw to guide the trajectory of the reamer ensuring a proper correction of the malalignment. Diaphyseal deformities may not require blocking screws. The nail tends to correct these deformities naturally. If the bone quality is deemed poor, then blocking screws may help prevent deformity. Deformity can occur in the coronal (varus/valgus), sagittal (procurvatum/recurvatum), and axial (rotation/length) planes. All of these deformities, except the length, can be corrected acutely during nail insertion. Lengthening-induced deformity assumes familiar patterns similar to those seen with external fixator-assisted lengthening. Proximal femoral osteotomy and antegrade nailing induce varus at the osteotomy site, especially while using thinner nails and a trochanteric entry point. Distal femoral osteotomy with retrograde nailing consistently creates flexion (procurvatum) at the osteotomy site, but induction of varus or valgus is less predictable. A thinner diameter ILN may tend to bend into varus, and a stiffer nail will create lateral mechanical axis deviation due to lengthening along the anatomical axis. Lengthening through a proximal tibial osteotomy predictably creates a procurvatum deformity. The bone will often deform into valgus as well, but if the starting point of the nail is slightly lateral to center, then the osteotomy may deform into varus. Therefore, lengthening-induced coronal plane deformity is highly dependent on the positioning of the nail in the proximal tibial fragment (Table [1](#Tab1){ref-type="table"}).Table 1Predicted deformities and the ideal location(s) and number of blocking screws while lengthening the femur and tibia using internal lengthening nail with osteotomies at different locationsOsteotomy siteNailing techniquePredicted deformityBlocking screw(s) in each bone fragment near the osteotomyProximal FemurAntegradeVarus2 Medial screwsValgus2 Lateral screwsProcurvatum1--2 Posterior screw(s)Mid FemurAntegrade or retrogradeVarus2 Medial screwsValgus2 Lateral screwsProcurvatum1--2 Posterior screw(s)Distal FemurRetrogradeVarus2 Medial screwsValgus2 Lateral screwsProcurvatum1--2 Posterior screw(s)Proximal TibiaAntegradeVarus2 Medial screwsValgus2 lateral screwsProcurvatum1--2 Posterior screw(s)Mid TibiaAntegradeVarus2 Medial screwsValgus2 Lateral screwsProcurvatum1--2 Posterior screw(s)We did not encounter a recurvatum deformity of the femur or tibia, and a distal tibial osteotomy was unnecessary in our experienceFemoral lengthening along the anatomical axis using an ILN leads to lateral mechanical axis deviation, but tibial lengthening along the anatomical axis does not change the mechanical axis since they are parallel Technique for blocking screws {#Sec3} ============================= For the purpose of inserting blocking screws, the proximal and distal fragments have to be considered individually. Factors contributing to the stability of bone--nail construct are stability at the nail entry site, a snugly fitting medullary canal, impaction of the nail tip into the metaphysis and the interlocking screws. When the osteotomy is done in the metaphysis, the nail is usually centered in the longer bone fragment and may not need blocking screws unless the IM canal is significantly wider than the nail at the osteotomy site. Screws can still be used in the longer fragment if stability is a concern. The shorter metaphyseal fragment has a wide medullary canal and is at risk of toggling around the nail and developing undesirable angulation. Accordingly, the shorter fragment frequently needs blocking screws for additional stability. Deformities in coronal and sagittal planes should be considered separately. In varus or valgus deformity, the blocking screws should be inserted in the anteroposterior plane in each fragment. Similarly, in procurvatum or recurvatum deformity, the blocking screws should be inserted in the mediolateral plane in each fragment. If the deformity is in oblique plane, it could be stabilized by blocking screws placed perpendicular to the plane of maximum deformity or blocking screws placed in both coronal and sagittal planes. The ILN is a titanium nail, and therefore, titanium blocking screws should be used. The screws need to be strong enough to resist the reamer and control the bone fragment. We use 5-mm, fully threaded, IMN interlocking screws from any manufacturer. The position of the screws is planned preoperatively and reproduced in the operating room. The screws are inserted under fluoroscopy using free-hand technique. Blocking screws placed too close to the nail can contact the nail. This is not a problem if the screws are in the non-moving fragment. If the screws are in the moving fragment (distal femur with an antegrade nail, proximal femur with a retrograde nail, and distal tibia with antegrade nail), they should not be placed too close to the nail. A blocking screw that impinges on the nail as the nail tries to slide in the bone could produce too much resistance to lengthening and may jeopardize the distraction process. Therefore, we suggest 1--2 mm space between the blocking screw and the nail. Deciding the location(s) of blocking screws {#Sec4} =========================================== The deformity may exist before the osteotomy or may appear immediately after nail insertion following an osteotomy. It may also arise postoperatively due to displacement of bone fragments or distraction. To decide the locations of screws, the surgeon should know the plane of existing deformity or be able to speculate the expected deformity. To decide the ideal locations of the blocking screws, the "reverse rule of thumb" is helpful. This technique involves three steps: (1) assess or speculate the deformity: understand the direction of existing deformity that will be corrected with nailing or speculate the deformity that could occur later during lengthening; (2) manually correct the deformity: envision trying to manually correct the deformity by holding the bone with both hands. The thumbs of both hands are placed on the convex side of the deformity near the apex, and the index fingers are placed away from the deformity on the concave side. (3) Insert the blocking screws on the side of the nail OPPOSITE to where the thumbs and index fingers are placed on the bone (Fig. [1](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"}). The blocking screw abuts the intramedullary nail preventing unwanted movement of the bone around the nail.Fig. 1a Holding the bone with the thumbs and index fingers of both hands as if you are manually trying to correct the deformity. The thumbs of both hands are placed on the convex side of the deformity near the apex or osteotomy site, and the index fingers are placed away from the apex or osteotomy site on the concave side. b The gray bar with black outline represents nail. The red circles indicate the locations where the blocking screws should be inserted. They are inserted adjacent to the nail on the side that is OPPOSITE to where the thumbs and index fingers are placed on the bone Deciding the number of blocking screws {#Sec5} ====================================== If the nail is not centered in the bone fragment, either near the osteotomy site or away from the osteotomy site, then only one blocking screw is used at the displaced end of the bone fragment. If both ends are not centered over the nail, two blocking screws are used, one at each end of the bone fragment. While using two blocking screws in one fragment, it is better to insert one screw close to the osteotomy site and the second screw at the other end of the fragment to maximize the stability. Each screw location suggested by reverse rule of thumb need not be utilized. They are utilized only as needed depending on whether one or both ends of each bone fragment are deformed (Fig. [2](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"}).Fig. 2a Correction of distal femur varus deformity: The thumbs of both hands are placed laterally over the apex of the deformity, and the index fingers are placed on the concave side away from the apex. The red dotted line indicates the osteotomy site, and the blue arrows indicate the direction of force to correct the deformity. The black dots indicate the locations where the blocking screws should be inserted using the reverse rule of thumb. They are inserted on the side that is OPPOSITE to where the thumbs and index fingers are placed on the bone. b Correction of distal femur procurvatum deformity: The bone is not deformed, but the distal fragment is expected develop procurvatum deformity during lengthening. The thumbs of both hands are placed anteriorly where the apex of the procurvatum deformity would lie. The black dots indicate the locations where the blocking screws should be inserted. c Correction of mid tibia valgus deformity: The black dots indicate the locations of blocking screws. d Correction of proximal tibia procurvatum deformity: The bone is not deformed, but the proximal fragment is expected develop procurvatum deformity during lengthening. The black dots indicate the locations of blocking screws Specific case scenarios {#Sec6} ----------------------- The following is a description of different scenarios specific to the bone, location of osteotomy, and the type of nailing (Table [1](#Tab1){ref-type="table"}). Femur: proximal osteotomy and antegrade nail {#Sec7} -------------------------------------------- The need for blocking screws in the proximal femur is left to the discretion of the surgeon. However, we have never found the need for them. The use of blocking screws in the distal femur can be beneficial in preventing the nail from sliding over the smooth distal locking screws during lengthening (Fig. [3](#Fig3){ref-type="fig"}). Comminution at the osteotomy site and poor bone quality may warrant blocking screws. The screws can be placed both medially and laterally to the nail since the nail/bone could shift into either varus or valgus. Sagittal plane deformity is extremely unlikely.Fig. 3Antegrade femoral nail. a, b Represent radiographs taken at early distraction and consolidation phases, respectively. Blocking screws were not needed in the proximal fragment. One medial screw and one lateral screw were inserted in the distal fragment near the osteotomy site to prevent varus or valgus tilt of the fragment Femur: distal osteotomy and retrograde nail {#Sec8} ------------------------------------------- This is the most common scenario that relies on blocking screws for success. A retrograde nail is indicated for the correction of existing coronal plane deformity. Either one or two blocking screw(s) are used to correct and maintain the new alignment. For a varus deformity, blocking screws are positioned medial to the nail. Lateral screws are used for valgus deformity. Sagittal plane deformity does not typically present preoperatively but is the most common complication of femur lengthening. One blocking screw placed posterior to the nail in the distal fragment is critical. A second similar screw can be placed in the proximal fragment close to the osteotomy site (Fig. [4](#Fig4){ref-type="fig"}). Technically, the reverse rule of thumb suggests additional blocking screws far from the osteotomy site, closer to the joints. From a practical perspective, these screws are rarely needed. The far ends of the nail are well secured in the bone. The metaphyseal bone near the osteotomy is least controlled by the nail and needs blocking screws.Fig. 4Retrograde femoral nail with distal femoral osteotomy. Anteroposterior radiograph (a) and intraoperative fluoroscopic anteroposterior view (b) show two medial blocking screws, one in proximal fragment and one in the distal fragment near the osteotomy site used to prevent varus angulation of the proximal and distal fragments, respectively. Lateral radiograph (c) and the intraoperative fluoroscopic lateral view (d) show one posterior blocking screw in the distal fragment near the osteotomy site used to prevent procurvatum deformity Tibia: proximal osteotomy and antegrade nail {#Sec9} -------------------------------------------- Commonly, IM nails are used to correct proximal tibial deformity. Varus angulation requires a blocking screw medial to the IM nail in the proximal fragment and often in the distal fragment close to the osteotomy site. A valgus tibial deformity is treated with a screw placed lateral to the IM nail on either side of the osteotomy. Often, these screws are inserted before reaming to ensure a correction of the deformity. This configuration is highly susceptible to angulation during lengthening. A blocking screw must also be placed posterior to the IM nail in the proximal fragment, preferably before the reaming (Fig. [5](#Fig5){ref-type="fig"}).Fig. 5Antegrade tibial nail with mid-tibial osteotomy. Preoperative anteroposterior (a) and lateral (b) radiographs show preexisting valgus deformity of mid tibia. One lateral blocking screw was inserted near the osteotomy site in the proximal fragment to avoid valgus deformity during lengthening. Also, a blocking screw was inserted posterior to the nail in the proximal fragment before the reaming to guide the nail. Radiographs (c, d) represent post operative anteroposterior and lateral views at the end of distraction, respectively Discussion {#Sec10} ========== Gerhard Küntscher is credited with the invention of intramedullary nail fixation in 1939 for femur fractures. The early nails were unlocked, and they failed to maintain length, rotation, and angulation. To overcome these problems, Modny and Bambara introduced locked intramedullary nails \[[@CR6]\]. These locked nails were able to control length and rotation especially in the mid-diaphyseal region. But, they were not very effective in controlling angulation of the shorter bone fragment because of the wide medullary canal in metaphyseal region. Use of opposing interlocking screws in oblique plane and biplanar interlocking screws (both in coronal and sagittal planes) have been advocated to increase the stability in such situations \[[@CR7]--[@CR9]\]. Another approach is the use of blocking screws (also called Poller screws) with the interlocking nail to increase the stability. In 1999, Krettek et al. \[[@CR3], [@CR4]\] introduced the use of blocking screws. In this technique, screws are inserted through the medullary canal immediately adjacent to the nail to prevent relative motion of the bone and the nail. In a cadaveric study, Krettek et al. \[[@CR3]\] described the use of blocking screws in coronal and sagittal planes with the help of a custom-made jig. They showed that in proximal and distal tibial fractures treated with small-diameter intramedullary nails, the blocking screws increase the stability and prevent malalignment and/or instability. They recommended placing screws on the concave side of the deformity, one proximally and one distally. Krettek et al. \[[@CR4]\] reported that with the use of Poller screws (blocking screws) with small-diameter IM nails in metaphyseal tibial fractures for supplemental stability, the mean loss of reduction was 0.5° in the frontal plane and 0.4° in the sagittal plane. Similarly, various authors have described the use of interlocking intramedullary nail in combination with blocking screws in metaphysis of long bones to improve reduction, prevent secondary displacement, and to augment and maintain the alignment and stability \[[@CR10]--[@CR14]\]. The use of blocking screws has also been reported to hasten the bone healing in fractures \[[@CR15]\] and nonunions \[[@CR16]\] as well as to reduce the risk of implant failure \[[@CR17]\]. Stedtfeld et al. \[[@CR18]\] indicated that the blocking screws around the nail relieves axial strain in the fixation construct and called these screws "transmedullary support screws." The use of blocking screws before reaming and insertion of nail in the segment of bone where the medullary cavity is wide to guide the trajectory of reamer and nail in the right direction and to aid in reduction has been described \[[@CR11], [@CR19], [@CR20]\]. Also, with interlocked intramedullary nailing using one or two "parallel" locking screws, translation of the bone fragment over the interlocking screw has been described \[[@CR7]--[@CR9]\]. The number and the locations of the blocking screws are crucial to the successful outcome. Deciding the location(s) and the number of blocking screws is often difficult and confusing. Krettek et al. \[[@CR3], [@CR4]\] recommended placing one screw proximally and one distally on the concave side of the deformity. Hannah et al. \[[@CR21]\] described placing the blocking screw in the acute angles formed between the long axis of the bone segment and the fracture plane in oblique fractures. Stedtfeld et al. \[[@CR22]\] described different clinical scenarios with fractures involving the proximal and distal metaphysis of long bones and improving the stability with the use of one or two blocking screws. Seyhan et al. \[[@CR23]\] suggested that the blocking screws must be inserted 1--3 cm away from the fracture line to avoid propagation of the fracture. The intramedullary lengthening nail (ILN) can be used for lengthening alone or deformity correction followed by lengthening. Similarly, interlocked intramedullary nail (IMN) can be used in bone lengthening (lengthening over nail technique, LON) as well as for fixation after deformity correction. These nails (ILN and IMN) frequently do not provide adequate stability in metaphyseal regions having wide medullary canals \[[@CR1], [@CR2]\]. Intramedullary nailing after corrective osteotomy requires that the deformity be corrected before reaming and nail insertion. If the deformity is not corrected and reaming ensues, the IM nail will follow the path of the reamer making the correction impossible. Similarly, during bone lengthening with an ILN, the bone fragments may be well aligned after the index surgery, but a deformity may develop during lengthening. This problem is further compounded by the need for over-reaming and the use of undersized nails which is common in lengthening. Knowledge of the common patterns of deformity and the reverse rule of thumb is extremely helpful for ensuring the proper use of blocking screws to mitigate this complication. Conclusion {#Sec11} ========== The knowledge of the common patterns of deformity associated with intramedullary nailing and the "reverse rule of thumb" help in deciding the location(s) and the number of blocking screw(s). These principles are applicable to bone lengthening, deformity correction, and fracture fixation using interlocked intramedullary nails. Conflict of interest {#FPar1} ==================== Saravanaraja Muthusamy declares no conflict of interest. S Robert Rozbruch, is a consultant with and receives payment for lectures including service on speakers' bureaus from Smith and Nephew and receives royalties from Small Bone Innovations. Austin T. Fragomen is a consultant with Synthes and Smith and Nephew and receives payment for lectures including service on speakers' bureaus from Smith and Nephew. Statement of human and animal rights {#d30e726} ==================================== All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent {#d30e731} ================ For this kind of study formal consent is not required.
Ortica Ortica ( ) is a district (quartiere) of Milan, Italy, located within the Zone 3 administrative division. The district used to be a frazione of Lambrate when the latter was an autonomous comune; after Lambrate was annexed to Milan, in 1923, Lambrate and Ortica came to be referred to as distinct districts. The name Ortica comes from orto, referring to a small market garden, as the river Lambro, traversing both Lambrate and Ortica, has been long used for the irrigation of small cultivated areas. Ortica housed a railway station, called Stazione di Lambrate, from 1896 to 1931; the station was later moved to another location in Lambrate proper (now Lambrate district). Enzo Jannacci, the famous Milanese singer-songwriter, mentions Ortica in his song Faceva il palo ("he was the lookout"), dedicated to some "Gang of the Ortica" (banda dell'Ortica). Category:Districts of Milan
Welcome to HVAC-Talk.com, a non-DIY site and the ultimate Source for HVAC Information & Knowledge Sharing for the industry professional! Here you can join over 150,000 HVAC Professionals & enthusiasts from around the world discussing all things related to HVAC/R. You are currently viewing as a NON-REGISTERED guest which gives you limited access to view discussions To gain full access to our forums you must register; for a free account. As a registered Guest you will be able to: Participate in over 40 different forums and search/browse from nearly 3 million posts. The guy who needed the Palm came by and got it Sunday night for his job. Haven't heard back from him on how it worked out, but my project manager wanted to extend a thank you for getting us the program... Hello, two of my balancers want to start using the Palm Pilots again; my question is can the software be installed on a Windows-based device? I have some Dell handhelds in very good condition and was curious if they would be compatible. Hello, two of my balancers want to start using the Palm Pilots again; my question is can the software be installed on a Windows-based device? I have some Dell handhelds in very good condition and was curious if they would be compatible. If you have the MTOOLs software there is a Palm application that will work on a WinXP-Pro OS. Hard part is getting the "Little Black Box" that plugs into a Laptop serial port and then the wall sensor jack (AS-CVTPRO100-1, which is obsolete snaps onto Plam III devices). An AS-CVTPRO300-1 is about 400 plus bucks if you have to buy new. Contact your local JCI channel for more info. If sense were so common everyone would have it ! Any advice provided is worth exactly what you paid for it, not a penny more not, a penny less !! I need the Johnson Controls PC balancing software. I have the Metasys box that goes from a serial port on my computer to a stat. It came with a USB to serial adapter, the box, cables, everything... just no software was in the box (as I got it). Am I missing something here, or do I need to get in touch with my JCI guy to get the software. From what I was told, we paid about $1400 for this setup... Hey I'm a balancer in New York and my company lost program in our palm pilots also dead battery's can someone let me know how to get program I have spoken to several JCI Techs and none of them have it its old technology now but I deal with a lot of existing vma's
Q: For a given word, Predict the cluster and get the nearest words from the cluster I have trained my corpus on w2v and k-means following the instructions given this link. https://ai.intelligentonlinetools.com/ml/k-means-clustering-example-word2vec/ What I am want to do this a. find the cluster ID for a given word b. get the top 20 nearest words from the cluster for the given word. I have figured out how to the words in a given cluster. What I want is to find out the words that are closer to my given word in the given cluster. Any help is appreciated. A: Your linked guide is, with its given data, a bit of misguided. You can't get meaningful 100-dimensional word-vectors (the gensim Word2Vec class default) from a mere 30-word corpus. The results from such a model will be nonsense, useless for clustering or other downstream steps – so any tutorial purporting to show this process, with true results, should be using far more data. If you are in fact using far more data, and have succeeded in clustering words, the Word2Vec model's most_similar() function will give you the top-N (default 10) nearest-words for any given input word. (Specifically, they will be returned as (word, cosine_similarity) tuples, ranked by highest cosine_similarity.) The Word2Vec model is of course oblivious to the results of clustering, so you would have to filter those results to discard words outside the cluster of interest. I'll assume that you have some lookup object cluster, that for cluster[word] gives you the cluster ID for a specific word. (This might be a dict, or something that does a KMeans-model predict() on the supplied vector, whatever.) And, that total_words is the total number of words in your model. (For example: total_words = len(w2v_model.wv). Then your logic should be roughly like target_cluster = cluster[target_word] all_similars = w2v_model.wv.most_similar(target_word, topn=total_words) in_cluster_similars = [sim for sim in all_similars if cluster[sim[0]] = target_cluster] If you just want the top-20 results, clip to in_cluster_similars[:20].
Earlier this AM I found myself wedged with a minor ethical dilemma. As one who is sometimes prone to engaging in improper (due to any of a number of human failings: thoughtlessness, odd or even twisted sense of humor, occasional fits of pique, etc.) or inconsistent behavior I sometimes wonder if some thing I am considering doing is, in fact, a good idea or if there might be some better way to go about it than I originally thought of. The specifics of this dilemma are mundane and not the least bit worth detailing. Suffice it to say that there were three courses of action available to me each of which could be construed as unethical regardless of any benign intent on my part. I decided not to decide and, in this instance, to do nothing rather than something since there was no risk of any "sin of omission". Doing nothing was safe and a viable ethical choice in this case - it yielded no harm nor denied any benefit to others. I am not a person of theologic faith. Since I do possess what I consider to be something akin to faith in matters outside of theology I have some vague sense that I can, at some shallow level, understand or at least sympathize with those who possess theologic faith. The point I am rambling toward is that it seems quite clear to me that one need not possess theologic faith to ponder matters of proper behavior and to have principles to turn to to guide one's actions. Conversely, theologic faith does not necessarily protect one from finding oneself in a dilemma regarding one's choices related to one's potential courses of actions. It is quite obvious to me that people of theologic faith use that faith to guide their behavior, their actions, yet understand that it does not provide them an unerring moral compass. How is it possible that someone who so frequently demonstrates such useful intellectual capacity can be so trapped into such narrow thoughts - thoughts which are at best prejudicial and at worst bigoted - about theologic faith? Can this sort of screedly effort by Hitchens be explained? Is it really possible that Hitchens believes there is no intellectual space between faithful adherence to the dogma of a particular religion and abject hypocrisy? 19 comments: Many Americans have been conned into thinking that some values are inevitably based on a religious perspective. This is utterly idiotic. One does not need to be a fundamentalist Christian to feel uneasy about abortion. An atheist is forced to concede that promiscuous sexual relations result in STDs. The nuclear family unit also appears to be the best way of bringing up children. A secular society is essentially indifferent concerning the orientation of one’s values. The only thing that really matters is whether they past the test of rational inquiry before we allow them to be imposed upon the rest of society. And yes, let’s not shy away form the term “imposed.” Every social group imposes values. The only real question is which ones are to be chosen. Vituperative attacks upon Christianity are an integral part of the communion rite for all Marxists. They are marks of faith and signs of dispensatory grace. Father Christopher took unholy orders many years ago and has remained dogmatically faithful even beyond the utter collapse of all earthly symbols of his belief system. It seems unbecoming to denigrate a true believer blindly holding to the tenets of a failed doctrine. Perhaps we should just chalk this outburst up to the effects of imbibition on inhibition and hope that Father Christopher seeks counsel from friends before publishing additional diatribes. When I was quite young I decided I could not adhere to the faith my parents had espoused: I couldn't really believe in the God I had been taught. I became an atheist. But I continued to maintain essentially the same values (golden rule + 10 commandments). When I would try to discuss this with people, I found that many of them found it impossible to understand a belief system based on itself rather than on God. Their view was that an atheist could not have any values and must be a murderer, robber, etc. Years later I came to realize that atheism itself is a belief and essentially a religion. Hitchens never reached this stage of development. Much later, under the influence of Hinduism, I came to realize that the whole issue of "God" is far far deeper than I had ever realized in my youth. That in fact everyone has some sort of God or Gods, everyone has some sort of theology, whether it has been explicated or not. Though many claim to be monotheistic, it's rather clear that the various Gods in question are not actually the same. My view is that one can learn a lot about a person by observing their view of God. Last night I was reading a woman's blog where she wrote a fantasy in which God smiting fuzzy-headed Californians. God as the killer of Californians. Like atheism, that strikes me as a pretty narrow view of God. Oops! I neglected to recall that Hitchens is a doctrinaire marxist with only one bone to pick with his fellow high-priests. I'll not make that mistake again. DT, Well stated. Even after being informationally upleveled wrt Hitchens by Mr. Rick I remain perplexed by the more general phenomenon of My Fellow Citizens who seem utterly convinced that people of religious faith must be either zealots of hypocrites or, if neither, intellectual midgets. I don't know where this comes from other than as a very shallow (to the point of intellectual midgetry) defense of their own rejection of theologic faith. How is it possible to hold the view that huge numbers of admirably functioning, demonstrably intelligent, and morally decent people are either zealots, hypocrites, or idiots without at some point being confronted with the evidence that one is a zealot, a hypocrite, or an idiot? Holding the view requires a faith that is every bit as "religious" as theologic faith, perhaps moreso. People of theologic faith at least place there faith in things for which there is no evidence. The theology-haters put there faith in things for which there is abundant evidence to the contrary. The former soldiers on in the absence of evidence, the latter soldiers on despite the evidence. Having just read the Hitch piece, I'd say it looks like his standard fare. He was always far more anti-religious than Sullivan. I assume that by "going Sullivan" you are refering to the hostility to religion in the article? As a professional pundit, Hitch apparently feels the need to engage in rhetorical overkill. It makes for an entertaining read, even if at the cost of obscuring whatever point he is trying to make. As I read it, one argument he is making is that no overt athiest could expect to be nominated and confirmed to the Supremw Court, and that this constitutes a "religious test" which is prohibited under the constitution. That is an interesting point, and its a shame he drops it and wanders on to denounce the "fucking lawyers". It's a fact that many people base their support or opposition to a course of action on their perception of the motives of the actors involved, rather than an objective assessment of the actions themselves. I think we have all noted in the past that much of the opposition to Bush has to do with who and what he is, rather than to principled disagreement with his policy decisions. One place this was made very clear was in the Schiavo case. Senators Brownback and Harkin both voted for Federal court review of the case. But the exact same action was seen in exactly opposite ways, based on peoples perceptions of the Senators motivations. Harkin was seen as acting out of high-minded humanitarianism (good) while Brownback was depicted as acting out of his "theocratic" principles (bad). I don't know that there is any solution to this, other than to point out how silly it is, and casting more flares into the darkness. Obsessing about other peoples feelings and motivations, and casting aspersions thereon, is now standard prodedure. Even the WH is getting in on the act. I see Hitchens is again speaking of the "alleged" existence of Jesus. As I argued a while ago ar RLS's, I don't think there can be any doubt that Jesus existed. This is not to deny that the only thing about him that the non-Christian or person who suspends religious faith can be sure of is that he was crucified. He, whoever he was, must have been abandoned and crucified - there is no other way to explain the guilt that propels the very real, historically unprecedented, anthropological (forget for the moment about theological) revelations of the apostles in regard to Jesus' scapegoating. There is no other way to explain how the gospels could have been written and the faith proselytized. This guilt is key to understanding Hitchens too. Guilt entails, demonstrates, our relationship to the sacred; there is no way to fully explain the operations of guilt without considering the role of the sacred in human consciousness. When someone speaks of the alleged existence of Jesus, what he is saying by extension is that we have an alleged relationship to guilt and an alleged relationship to the sacred. But God and the sacred are not the same thing. The sacred is a worldly fact; God exists for the religious thinker as an other-worldly guarantor of the sacred in this world. Put your faith in God, and the sacred on which your life depends in this world (your life is sacred, no one has the right to take it) will be preserved eternally. Whatever you think about God or Jesus' divinity, and the atheist may reasonably doubt both, it is silly to deny the sacred. It is an anthropological fact that human culture is centred on things, signs, or places of sacred significance. I wouldn't care if Hitchens were a devout atheist, but when he talks about the alleged existence of Jesus, he reveals that his atheism actually makes him more of a religious thinker than he need be. To minimize unnecessary or idolatrous religious ideas one needs to accept the sacred as a minimal anthropological fact. Doing so is a boon both to atheists and to certain kinds of anti-idolatrous religious faith; but this is just to argue that some kinds of religion and some kinds of atheism are closer to each other than to Hitchen's kind of atheism. Hitchen's atheism relies, as this article shows, on an unhealthy relationship to the sacred, and on the sacred's power to attract both good and evil. Hitch's writing is full of what are known as apotropaic gestures, the need to cast out evil, as if he were some kind of primitive shaman. And that is what Hitchens indeed becomes for his faithless fans when he writes about religion and some other things. Sham-an Hitchens! With all due respect to Rick's Father Chris! When leftist revolutionaries attack Judeo-Christianity it is often because their beliefs are more primitive, not more modern, than their prey. In other words, modernism, the cultural movement, was primitively sacrificial at its core. Hitchens hasn’t fully figured that out yet however many rhetorical attacks he makes on murderous Stalinists or Nazis. Actually I was wondering if, for Hitchens, religion is or will be the issue about which he is so bonkers that it wrecks his ability to think clearly about unrelated issues. For Sullivan that issue is gay marriage. I shouldn't have wondered if Hitchens was "going Sullivan" without being more familiar with his overall work. Your points about the propensity for people to condemn actions based on some assignation of motives rather than on an analysis of the action itself are well taken. Nothing unusual there when it comes to human nature. Oh well, between you, DT, and Rick I've been enlightened. Disregard the questions upon which I based th original post, they've been answered. Hitchens is a marxist theocrat and as such must always attach competing theologies. People, in general, frequently assign base motives to actions they would otherwise approve. When you ask: "Is it really possible that Hitchens believes there is no intellectual space between faithful adherence to the dogma of a particular religion and abject hypocrisy?" the question pertains to many people other than Hitchens. The fact is that if faith is defined as adherence to dogma, hypocrisy will be found to rampant. Dogma, doctrine, the liturgy (of whatever flavor), articles of faith and confessions are all formulaic rather than substantive in nature. It is certainly safe to say that the majority of Christians rarely go beyond the particular form with which they are comfortable and even safer to say that hypocrisy is normative within that group. That's not to say that Christians concerned with substance rather than form are free of hypocrisy, for they are not. It's just that formulaic Christians provide much easier targets for the juvenile mentality that delights in casting stones at that which it lacks the experience (and, quite often, the intelligence) to comprehend. Hmmm, given my propensity for imparting high velocity to small objects perhaps I should refrain from continuing until I've completed penance for my last such action. Father Christopher took unholy orders many years ago and has remained dogmatically faithful... Other articles of faith: 1) Allende was a saintly democratic socialist, Pinochet a satanic tool of the evil Kissinger. 2) Opposition to the Vietnam war was morally correct, Ho Chi Minh was a righteous Nationalist, and the North Vietnamese were the rightful rulers of the South. Corollary of the last: avoid discussing nationalism, conquest, reeducation camps, refugees, and the current corrupt and sorry state of the Vietnamese government. Hitchens can, on rare occasion, be slightly more tolerant of religion, as in his interview along with his Tory and religious brother, Peter. Link. All and all, Chistopher is a two edged weapon. I wonder if his adamant dislike of religion is not also somewhat related to coming from a state with an established church. Over here it is pretty common to simply ignore religion; there are so many varieties and the stranger sitting nearby could believe in practically anything. He is very good at going after Saddam in particular and jihadis in general but sometimes I wonder if that has something to do with the fact that Islam is after all a religion. And flenser is correct, in the Schiavo case Harkin was standing up for the disabled and the right wing Republicans were fanatics. The mere perception of religion for some seems to conjure up burning stakes and arcane rituals. I am not good at going to church. But I have seen and experienced things that lead me to believe that there is a God. The nature of God I don't pretend to understand, but I am not so egocentric that I will simply dismiss the concept.
261 S.W.3d 275 (2008) Keith WELLS, Andria (Medley) Stewart, Blanche Phillips and Carrie Sterling, Appellants, v. Claude DOTSON, Jr. and wife, Faye Dotson, Appellees. No. 12-07-00260-CV. Court of Appeals of Texas, Tyler. July 9, 2008. 278 Robert A. Swearingen, for Keith Wells, Andria (Medley) Stewart, Blanche Phillips and Carrie Sterling. R.W. Richards and Casey H. Cross, for Claude Dotson, Jr. Eldridge Moak, for Harold Lewis and Claude Dotson, Jr. Panel consisted of WORTHEN, C.J., GRIFFITH, J., and HOYLE, J. OPINION SAM GRIFFITH, Justice. Keith Wells, Andria (Medley) Stewart, Blanche Phillips, and Carrie Sterling (collectively "Appellants") appeal the trial court's summary judgment entered in favor of Appellees, Claude Dotson, Jr. and Faye Dotson. In one issue, Appellants contend that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment. We affirm in part, reverse and render in part, reverse and remand in part, and dismiss for want of jurisdiction in part. BACKGROUND Claude Dotson, Jr. ("Dotson") befriended Dolphus and Mildred Snow, an elderly couple. Dolphus suffered a stroke, and Mildred thereafter relied on Dotson's assistance in the upkeep of the couple's rural land. Dolphus later died leaving Mildred, who was not financially sophisticated and did not know how to care for the property. Mildred later suffered a series of strokes. Subsequently, on December 10, 1993, Mildred entered into a contract with Dotson entitled "Lease with Options to Purchase." Pursuant to the terms of the contract, Dotson leased Mildred's land, which comprised between two hundred eight and three hundred twenty acres, for $2,500.00 per year. The contract further provided Dotson a twenty year option to purchase the property with all lease payments serving as credits toward the final purchase price. Additionally, one tract of land was to be transferred to Dotson on November 30, 2003 for no additional consideration other than the lease payments already made through January 1, 2003. 279 Mildred died on April 30, 2005. Harold Lewis was appointed as executor of Mildred's estate. On September 22, 2005, Appellees sent a letter to Lewis declaring their intention to exercise their option to purchase the remaining three tracts of land pursuant to the contract between Dotson and Mildred.[1] Appellants thereafter notified Lewis that they would not sign a deed conveying title to the land to Dotson and threatened to sue Lewis if he signed the deed. On October 13, 2005, Appellees filed suit seeking specific performance of the option provision of the contract. Appellees' petition alleged two avenues by which they were entitled to seek specific performancebreach of contract and Texas Probate Code, section 27. Appellants answered and later filed counterclaims asserting breach of fiduciary duty, breach of contract, fraud, fraud in the inducement, statutory fraud, and unjust enrichment. On December 21, 2006, Appellees filed their First Amended Motion for Summary Judgment. By their motion, Appellees contended they were entitled to specific performance solely by virtue of their Section 27 claim. Appellees also contended that Appellants' counterclaims were barred by the applicable statute of limitations, laches, waiver, and estoppel. Appellants filed a response to Appellees' motion on January 26, 2007. The trial court granted Appellees' First Amended Motion for Summary Judgment on February 14, 2007. This appeal followed. TEXAS PROBATE CODE, SECTION 27 As part of their sole issue on appeal, Appellants argue that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment in Appellees' favor because Appellees failed to demonstrate as a matter of law that they were entitled to specific performance. Appellees conceded at oral argument that the sole avenue by which they sought specific performance in their motion for summary judgment was Texas Probate Code, section 27. Section 27 provides, in pertinent part, as follows: When any person shall sell property and enter into bond or other written agreement to make title thereto, and shall depart this life without having made such title, the owner of such bond or written agreement or his legal representatives, may file a complaint in writing in the court of the county where the letters testamentary or of administration on the estate of the deceased obligor were granted, and cause the personal representative of such estate to be cited to appear at a date stated in the citation and show cause why specific performance of such bond or written agreement should not be decreed. After the service of the citation, the court shall hear such complaint and the evidence thereon, and, if satisfied from the proof that such bond or written agreement was legally executed by the testator or intestate, and that the complainant has a right to demand specific performance thereof, a decree shall be made ordering the personal representative to make title to the property, according to the tenor of the obligation, fully describing the property in such decree. TEX. PROB.CODE ANN. § 27 (Vernon 2003). The authority conferred on the probate court authorizing it to decree specific performance of an agreement by the decedent to convey realty is special and limited and is to be strictly construed. See Jones v. Taylor, 7 Tex. 240, 240 (1851). An option is a privilege or right that the owner of property gives another to buy certain property at a fixed price 280 within a certain period. See Casa El Sol-Acapulco, S.A. v. Fontenot, 919 S.W.2d 709, 717 n. 9 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 1996, writ dism'd by agr.). An option contract has two components: (1) an underlying contract that is not binding until accepted and (2) a covenant to hold open to the optionee the opportunity to accept. Id. Thus, the option is a mere offer that binds the optionee to nothing and that the optionee may or may not accept at its election. See W. Fed. Sav. & Loan Ass'n v. Atkinson Fin. Corp., 747 S.W.2d 456, 460 (Tex.App.-Fort Worth 1988, no writ); see also Chambers County v. TSP Development, Ltd., 63 S.W.3d 835, 838 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 2001, pet. denied). It is fundamental that the granting of an option constitutes neither a sale of the property nor an agreement to sell. See Struller v. McGree, 374 S.W.2d 256, 258 (Tex.Civ.App.-San Antonio 1963, writ ref'd n.r.e.). Rather, an option is, in a sense, a mere offer, yet it cannot be revoked or withdrawn when it is supported by sufficient consideration. See Northside Lumber & Bldg. Co. v. Neal, 23 S.W.2d 858, 859 (Tex.Civ.App.-Fort Worth 1929, no writ). In the case at hand, the sole avenue by which Appellees sought specific performance in their motion for summary judgment was Texas Probate Code, section 27.[2] However, Section 27 is limited to circumstances in which a person has sold property or has entered into a bond or other written agreement to make title to that property and dies without having conveyed title. See TEX. PROB.CODE ANN. § 27. Since Appellees, by their motion for summary judgment, sought specific performance of Dotson's option agreement with Mildred, and since the granting of an option does not constitute a sale of property or an agreement to sell, see Struller, 374 S.W.2d at 258, it follows that Appellees are not entitled to seek specific performance by virtue of Section 27. Therefore, we hold that the trial court's grant of summary judgment on such grounds was erroneous. To the extent that Appellants' sole issue relates to the trial court's grant of summary judgment based on Section 27, it is sustained. STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS As part of their sole issue, Appellants also argue that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment in Appellees' favor because Appellees failed to demonstrate as a matter of law that Appellants' counterclaims were barred by the affirmative defense of limitations. Appellants raised the following counterclaims: breach of fiduciary duty; breach of contract; fraud; fraud in the inducement; statutory fraud; and unjust enrichment. Appellants do not argue that they filed their counterclaims within the respective period of limitations from the time each of their counterclaims accrued. Rather, Appellants contend that their counterclaims are not time barred pursuant to Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code, section 16.069. Section 16.069 states as follows: (a) If a counterclaim or cross claim arises out of the same transaction or occurrence that is the basis of an action, a party to the action may file the counterclaim or cross claim even though as a separate action it would be barred by limitation on the date the party's answer is required. (b) The counterclaim or cross claim must be filed not later than the 30th day after the date on which the party's answer is required. 281 TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM.CODE ANN. § 16.069 (Vernon 1997). It is undisputed that Appellants filed their counterclaims within the thirty day window from the filing deadline for their answer. Thus, we consider whether Appellants' counterclaims each arise out of the same transaction or occurrence that is the basis of Appellees' action. The intention of Section 16.069 is to prevent a plaintiff from waiting until the adversary's valid claim arising from the same transaction was barred by limitations before asserting his own claim. See Hobbs Trailers v. J.T. Arnett Grain Co., Inc., 560 S.W.2d 85, 88-89 (Tex.1977). To determine what constitutes a "transaction," we employ the logical relationship test, which asks whether the essential facts on which the claims are based are significantly and logically relevant to both claims. Cmty. State Bank v. NSW Inv., L.L.C., 38 S.W.3d 256, 258 (Tex.App.-Texarkana 2001, pet. dism'd w.o.j.) (considering the word "transaction" in determining whether a counterclaim is compulsory). Under this test, a transaction is flexible, comprehending a series of many occurrences logically related to one another. Id. (citing Klein v. Dooley, 933 S.W.2d 255, 259 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 1996), rev'd on other grounds, 949 S.W.2d 307 (Tex.1997)). In the case at hand, Appellees sought specific performance through their cause of action for breach of contract as well as pursuant to Section 27. The essential factual allegations on which Appellees' claims are based are as follows: (1) on December 10, 1993, Mildred entered into a contract with Dotson entitled "Lease with Options to Purchase;" (2) pursuant to the terms of the contract, Dotson was given a twenty year option to purchase the property with all lease payments serving as credits toward the final purchase price; and (3) Dotson accepted the option to purchase the remaining tracts. Appellants' counterclaims are based on the following essential factual allegations: (1) Dotson engaged in a deceptive campaign with the goal of developing a false friendship with Mildred, the sole purpose of which was to gain her trust so that he could take undue advantage of her and obtain from her unconscionable terms and conditions for the lease and eventual conveyance of her real property; (2) Dotson manipulated Mildred in a manner to make her even more dependent on him thereby creating in Mildred an implicit trust of Dotson by the time she signed the contract; (3) Dotson and Mildred entered into the contract at issue; and (4) Dotson failed to perform his obligations under the contract by using the property for purposes other than agricultural ones. Although the contract at issue contains multiple provisions one being a lease agreement and the other being an option to purchase land there is no indication that the parties intended the provisions to be distinct transactions. The facts underlying both parties' claims are closely related. Appellants' counterclaims focus on the events leading to formation of the contract at issue while Appellees' claims stem from the language of the contract itself. Since we construe a "transaction" as flexible and comprehending a series of many occurrences logically related to one another, see Cmty. State Bank, 38 S.W.3d at 258, we conclude that Appellants' counterclaims arise out of the same transaction as do Appellees' claims. Therefore, we hold that by virtue of Section 16.069, Appellees were unable to demonstrate as a matter of law that Appellant's claims are barred by limitations. To the extent that Appellants' sole issue relates to Appellees' affirmative defense of limitations, it is sustained. 282 RATIFICATION As part of their sole issue, Appellants further argue that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment in Appellees' favor because Appellees failed to demonstrate as a matter of law that Appellants' counterclaims were barred by the affirmative defense of ratification. Acts done in affirmance of a contract can amount to a waiver of fraudulent inducement only where they are done with full knowledge of the fraud and of all material facts and with the intention, clearly manifested, of abiding by the contract and waiving all right to recover for the deception. See Columbia/HCA Healthcare Corp. v. Cottey, 72 S.W.3d 735, 742 (Tex.App.-Waco 2002, no pet.). Acts which, although in affirmance of the contract, do not indicate any intention to waive the fraud, cannot be held to operate as a waiver. Id. Express ratification of a fraudulently induced contract is not necessary, but any act based on a recognition of the contract as subsisting or any conduct inconsistent with avoidance of the contract has the effect of waiving the right to rescind the contract on the basis of fraud. See Featherlax Corp. v. Chandler, 412 S.W.2d 783, 788 (Tex.Civ. App.-Corpus Christi 1966, writ ref'd n.r.e.). As a result of ratification, the defrauded party waives the defense of fraud and is bound by the terms of the contract. See Bennett v. Mason, 572 S.W.2d 756, 759 (Tex.Civ.App.-Waco 1978, writ ref'd n.r.e.). The question is largely one of intent. See Cottey, 72 S.W.3d at 742. That is, there must be evidence of an intent to relinquish or conduct that warrants an inference of relinquishment. See Andrews v. Powell, 242 S.W.2d 656, 661 (Tex.Civ. App.-Texarkana 1951, no writ). No general rule can fit all cases, for each transaction must be resolved on its own facts. See Indem. Ins. Co. of N. Am. v. Sterling, 51 S.W.2d 788, 791 (Tex.Civ.App.-Beaumont 1932, no writ). Moreover, there can be no waiver of fraud without full knowledge of all the circumstances. See Peters v. Lerew, 139 S.W.2d 321, 327 (Tex.Civ. App.-Galveston 1940, writ dism'd, judgm't cor.); Most Worshipful Grand Lodge Free & Accepted Masons of Tex. v. Hayes, 82 S.W.2d 411, 414 (Tex.Civ.App.-Dallas 1935, no writ) (the doctrine of waiver or ratification is founded upon the fact of knowledge of all the facts). Appellants argue that Appellees presented no evidence that Mildred (1) received benefits under the contract, (2) conducted herself in a manner indicating that she "recognized the [contract] as subsisting and binding[,]" (3) affirmed the contract, (4) continued to comply with the contract after she became aware of the alleged fraud, or (5) intended to give validity to the acts of Appellees. Having reviewed the summary judgment record, we disagree. In his deposition, Wells testified that in late 1993 or early 1994, he and his mother, Phillips, consulted a lawyer as to the meaning of the contract Mildred had entered into with Dotson. They later expressed to Mildred their concern that the contract was not in her best interest and informed her of what the lawyer had told them. Wells further testified that Mildred knew as early as 1994 that there was something wrong with the contract and that Dotson had taken advantage of her. However, according to Wells, even with such knowledge, Mildred declined to take any action to have the contract set aside. Likewise, Stewart testified in her deposition that, in 1995, she explained to Mildred that Mildred had no rights under the contract. Stewart further testified that Mildred understood her and, after telling Stewart she would pray about it, later stated, "I gave my word, and I can't go back on my word." Stewart stated that it 283 was her impression that Mildred intended to keep her word to Dotson pursuant to the terms of the agreement. Phillips testified at her deposition that she was present when Mildred signed the contract with Dotson. Phillips further testified that, at that time, she told Dotson's lawyer in Mildred's presence that she thought Dotson was taking Mildred "to the cleaners" because Dotson was trying to make a false friendship with Mildred to induce her to sign the contract and, as a result, Mildred loved Dotson like a son. Phillips stated that she and her son, Wells, later attempted to explain to Mildred the effect of the contract. Phillips further stated that subsequently, Mildred told her, "If he takes me to the cleaners, he'll just have to take me ... I've prayed about it[.] I've studied on it ... I can't go back on my word[.] I can't welch on a deal." In summary, Phillips testified that she had clearly warned Mildred, Mildred carefully considered and understood the warning, and determined that she would not do anything to undo what she felt was her obligation. Phillips confirmed that in 2003, Mildred signed documents conveying property to Dotson pursuant to the contract. Phillips further confirmed that Mildred received money from Dotson annually pursuant to their agreement and deposited that money in the bank. Sterling testified at her deposition that she spoke with Mildred in 1995 concerning the contract Mildred had executed with Dotson. Sterling further testified that she made it clear to Mildred that Dotson had taken advantage of her and that Mildred understood this. Sterling stated that Mildred tearfully said to her, "I just can't believe Buddy took advantage of me like that." Sterling further stated that Mildred felt that her word was the law and that she could not go back on it. Sterling testified that Mildred did nothing to disturb her agreement with Dotson from 1995 until the date of her death in 2005. Sterling further testified that Mildred told her that, after she entered into the contract, Phillips and Wells had met with a lawyer who looked at the contract. Sterling stated that Mildred told her that Phillips and Wells then met with her and showed her a letter from the lawyer in an attempt to try to convince her how unfair her agreement with Dotson was to her. Sterling again confirmed that Mildred chose to not attempt to have the agreement set aside. In our review of the summary judgment record, we have not encountered any evidence that contradicts the aforementioned deposition testimony given by Wells, Stewart, Phillips, and Sterling respectively. The testimony each offered is largely consistent and demonstrates that Mildred acted in affirmance of her contract with Dotson with full knowledge that he had taken advantage of her and treated her unfairly. Mildred continued to accept lease payments from Dotson, expressed to Appellees that in spite of Dotson's acts, she, bound by her word, intended to abide by the contract, and, in fact, transferred one of the tracts of land to Dotson in accordance with the contract. Therefore, we hold that the trial court did not err in granting summary judgment on Appellees' affirmative defense of ratification as it pertains to Appellants' fraud in the inducement claim. Ratification is not an affirmative defense to any of Appellants' remaining counterclaims. Thus, to the extent the trial court granted summary judgment on those remaining counterclaims on the ground of ratification, it erred. To the extent that Appellants' sole issue relates to Appellees' affirmative defense of ratification and Appellants' fraud in the inducement claim, it is overruled. To the extent that Appellants' sole issue relates to Appellees' affirmative defense of 284 ratification and Appellants' remaining counterclaims, it is sustained. STANDING As part of their sole issue, Appellants also argue that Faye Dotson, who was not a party to the contract at issue, lacks standing. Because neither party briefed the issue further, we requested additional briefing on the issue. Appellants obliged; Appellees did not. Standing is a component of subject matter jurisdiction and cannot be waived. Tex. Ass'n of Bus. v. Tex. Air Control Bd., 852 S.W.2d 440, 445 (Tex. 1993). It is a constitutional prerequisite to maintaining a suit under both federal and Texas law. Id. at 444. Under Texas law, standing limits subject matter jurisdiction to cases involving a distinct injury to the plaintiff and "a real controversy between the parties, which ... will be actually determined by the judicial declaration sought." Brown v. Todd, 53 S.W.3d 297, 305 (Tex.2001) (quoting Tex. Workers' Comp. Comm'n v. Garcia, 893 S.W.2d 504, 517-18 (Tex.1995)). In reviewing standing on appeal, we construe the petition in favor of the party, and if necessary, review the entire record to determine if any evidence supports standing. See Tex. Air Control Bd., 852 S.W.2d at 446. The general rule is that only the parties to a contract have the right to complain of a breach thereof; and if they are satisfied with the disposition that has been made of it and all claims under it, a third person has no right to insist that it has been broken. Grinnell v. Munson, 137 S.W.3d 706, 712 (Tex.App.-San Antonio 2004, no pet.); see also Boy Scouts of Am. v. Responsive Terminal Sys., Inc., 790 S.W.2d 738, 747 (Tex.App.-Dallas 1990, writ denied) (privity of contract is an essential element of recovery in contract actions). An exception to this rule is that a person who is not in privity to the written agreement may show that he is eligible to bring an action on the contract as a third party beneficiary. Id. There is a presumption against conferring third party beneficiary status on noncontracting parties. S. Tex. Water Auth. v. Lomas, 223 S.W.3d 304, 306 (Tex.2007); MCI Telecomms. Corp. v. Tex. Utils. Elec. Co., 995 S.W.2d 647, 652 (Tex.1999). In deciding whether a third party may enforce or challenge a contract between others, it is the contracting parties' intent that controls. Lomas, 223 S.W.3d at 306. The intent to confer a direct benefit upon a third party must be clearly and fully spelled out or enforcement by the third party must be denied. Id. Incidental benefits that may flow from a contract to a third party do not confer the right to enforce the contract. Id. A third party may enforce a contract only when the contracting parties themselves intend to secure some benefit for the third party and entered into the contract directly for the third party's benefit. Id. To qualify as one for whose benefit a contract was made, the third party must benefit more than incidentally; she must be either a donee or creditor beneficiary. MCI Telecomms. Corp., 995 S.W.2d at 651. A person is a donee beneficiary if the performance promised will come to her as a pure donation. Id. If performance will come to satisfy a duty or legally enforceable commitment owed by the promisee, then the third party is considered a creditor beneficiary. Id. In the instant case, Appellees' live pleadings make no mention of Faye Dotson other than a statement identifying her as a plaintiff. She is not a party to the contract at issue nor is there any language in the contract to indicate that the contracting parties intended her to be a third party beneficiary. As it pertains to Faye Dotson, the summary judgment evidence establishes 285 little more than that, as of 2006, she and Dotson were married for twenty years and that she was present when the agreement was signed. Thus, at most, Faye has a presumptive community property interest in the option inasmuch as it is property Dotson acquired during their marriage. See TEX. FAM.CODE ANN. § 3.003 (Vernon 2006). Yet, the option, which Dotson acquired by contract in his name alone, is presumed to be his sole management community property. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 3.104 (Vernon 2006). As such, Faye Dotson lacks standing to bring suit on the option contract because Dotson has the sole authority to bring an action related to such sole management community property. See Blackman v. Bd. of Adjustment, City of Dallas, No. 05-98-00953-CV, 2000 WL 1239981, at *3 (Tex. App.-Dallas Aug. 31, 2000, pet. denied) (not designated for publication) (wife's financial support interest in husband's personal earnings during marriage did not support standing to bring cause of action related to husband's employment). Thus, based on our review of the record, we conclude that there is no evidence to support that Faye Dotson had standing to sue for breach of contract. To the extent that Appellants' sole issue relates to Faye Dotson's standing, it is sustained. CONCLUSION We have held that Faye Dotson lacks standing and dismiss for want of jurisdiction as to her. We reverse the trial court's summary judgment to the extent that it was based on Dotson's claim pursuant to Texas Probate Code, section 27 and render judgment that Dotson take nothing pursuant to his Section 27 claim. Moreover, to the extent that the trial court's summary judgment was based on Dotson's affirmative defense of limitations, we reverse the trial court's summary judgment and remand for further consideration of the respective parties' remaining claims and/or counterclaims. Having overruled the remainder of Appellants' sole issue, we affirm in all other respects the trial court's summary judgment as to Dotson. NOTES [1] Dotson had exercised his option to purchase one tract of land prior to Mildred's death. [2] Summary judgment cannot be sustained on a ground not specifically set forth in the motion. McConnell v. Southside Ind. Sch. Dist., 858 S.W.2d 337, 339 (Tex. 1993).
Introduction {#Sec1} ============ Synchronous renal mass and colorectal cancer has been well described in the literature. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is associated with other primary malignancies in 16.1% \[[@CR1]\]. Patients undergone surgery for colorectal cancer have a synchronous multiple cancer in 5.0% \[[@CR2]\]~.~ The incidence of synchronous RCC and colorectal cancer is heterogeneous ranging from 0.03 to 4.85% \[[@CR3]--[@CR5]\]. Moreover, patients with a history of colorectal cancer have a higher risk to develop RCC compared to the risk to develop colorectal cancer in patients with history of RCC (2.29 vs 1.14 standard incidence ratio) \[[@CR6]\]. This association can be explained by the same environmental risk factors and the screening bias. The screening bias results from the frequent use of imaging such as computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance, and positron emission tomography, during the work-up of other malignancies that increased incidental diagnosis of asymptomatic synchronous urologic neoplasm \[[@CR7]\]. A third explanation of this connection could be the sharing of the same genetic predisposition such as mismatch repair defect excluding the well-defined Lynch syndrome because in most of cases the criteria of Lynch syndrome are not met. Instead, the association between colorectal cancer and others renal mass is poorly reported: two cases of synchronous colorectal adenocarcinoma and renal oncocytoma have been reported \[[@CR8], [@CR9]\]; Kim et al. described a synchronous colorectal cancer and renal leiomyoma in a case series \[[@CR10]\]. Only one case of huge colon carcinoma and right renal angiomyolipoma was reported \[[@CR11]\]. Angiomyolipomas (AMLs) are the most frequent benign renal neoplasm, and they occur as sporadic in 80% of cases, but in the remaining 20% can occur in association with tuberosclerosis complex (TSC) or pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM). Usually, imaging is able to differentiate renal AMLs from carcinomas by ultrasound scan and/or CT scan due to the fat component. However, a minority of AMLs, named AMLs fat poorly, lack visually detectable fat on imaging, making it harder to distinguish from RCC \[[@CR12]\]. The treatment of synchronous kidney and colorectal neoplasm is, preferably, synchronous resection. The open surgery was the best choice in the past years, but it was affected by two issues: first, wide surgical wound and the relative complications; second, high rate of peri- and post-operative morbidity \[[@CR13]\]. Currently, laparoscopic approach has shown to be feasible and safe, and it has become the gold standard of synchronous resection due to advantages of minimally invasive surgery. We presented a case of 53-year-old woman affected by synchronous left renal neoplasm and colorectal cancer undergone simultaneous totally robotic renal enucleation and rectal resection with primary intracorporeal anastomosis. As our knowledge, this is the first case in literature of simultaneous robotic surgery for renal and colorectal tumor. Case presentation {#Sec2} ================= The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Perugia, and a written informed consent was obtained by patient. A 53-year-old woman was affected by colorectal cancer that was diagnosed through positive fecal occult blood test and colonoscopy with biopsy. The latter showed a polypoid mass of 15 mm with bleeding surface located in the recto-sigmoid junction (Fig. [1](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"}). Histological examination showed a neuroendocrine neoplasm with positive immunohistochemical staining for synaptophysin, chromogranin (Cg), CD56, cytokeratin AE1/AE3, and Ki67-labelling index of 4--5%. No comorbidity was reported. Physical examination was negative for colorectal or renal disease. Biochemical test, including renal and liver function, and urine analysis were normal too. Staging chest and abdominal CT scan did not show any other lesions except a solid 5 cm mass in the left kidney. The mass appeared exophytic in the upper pole and showed heterogeneous enhancing: the imaging features were consistent with clear RCC (Fig. [2](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"}). The patient underwent simultaneous robot-assisted rectal resection and renal enucleation using robot da Vinci® Xi (Intuitive Surgical Inc). Under general anesthesia, the patient was first placed in the right lateral decubitus position. A paraumbilical camera port was inserted. Three robotic ports were inserted at the left hypochondriac region along the hemiclavicular line, in the left iliac fossa about 2 cm medially to antero superior iliac spine (ASIS), and in the right iliac fossa about 2 cm medially to ASIS. AirSeal System® trocar was placed in hypogastric region (Fig. [3](#Fig3){ref-type="fig"}). Renal enucleation was performed without renal ischemia, after isolating the renal artery anyway according our previously published technique: renal artery was isolated, and a vessel loop was passed twice around it and pulled out extracorporeally parallel to the assistant trocar. On demand, the vessel loop could be tightened to obtain a progressive occlusion of the arterial lumen and, consequently, a renal hypoperfusion \[[@CR14]\]. For this procedure, we placed the monopolar scissor in the left ASIS trocar, the bipolar forceps in the left hypochondriac region trocar, and the prograsp in the right ASIS trocar used for medialization of the left colon. For low anterior rectal resection, the patient was placed in lithotomy position, and we placed the monopolar scissor in the right ASIS trocar, bipolar forceps in the left ASIS trocar, and prograsp in the left hypochondriac region trocar. The rectal resection was carried out up to lower rectal segment through total meso-rectal excision and nerve sparing technique. The end-to-end anastomosis was carried out according to Knight Griffen technique, and a loop ileostomy was performed in site of the trocar in the right iliac fossa (Fig. [4](#Fig4){ref-type="fig"}). The specimens were retrieved in an endo-bag through a transverse colpotomy that was closed by robotic intracorporeal suture. Fig. 1Colonoscopy view of rectal mass. Colonoscopy view showing a polypoid mass of 15 mm with bleeding surfaceFig. 2Computed tomography view of renal mass. Computed tomography (CT) scan shows a solid 5 cm mass in the left kidney with exophytic pattern placed in the upper pole of the kidney. The imaging features were consistent with clear RCCFig. 3Port arrangement on anterior abdominal wall. A paraumbilical camera port (12 mm) was inserted. Three robotic ports (8 mm) were inserted at the left hypochondriac, in the left iliac fossa, and in the right iliac fossa. AirSeal System® trocar (12 mm) was placed in hypogastric regionFig. 4Abdominal wall port-site scars and ileostomy. Abdominal wall port-site scars and ileostomy in the right iliac fossa at 1 month after surgery Results {#Sec3} ======= Total operative time was 260 min with robotic time of 220 min; estimated blood loss was 150 ml; time to flatus was 72 h, and oral diet was administered 4 days after surgery. The patient was discharged on the eighth post-operative day without peri- and post-operative complication. The definitive histological examination showed a neuroendocrine tumor pT2N1, G2, with negative circumferential and distal resection margins. Renal tumor was angiomyolipoma, and the immunohistochemistry was positive for anti-MART-1 and HMB-45, anti-actin, and alfa-smooth, but negative to calponin, desmin, S-100, and cytokeratin8/18 (Fig. [5](#Fig5){ref-type="fig"}). CD31 was positive in vessels, and Ki67/Mib-1 was \< 1%. At 3 months after surgery, the bowel integrity was restored. At 23 months follow-up, the patient is recurrence free. Fig. 5Histopathology specimen. Neuroendocrine tumour in hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stain with original magnification × 40 (a) and × 400 (b). Angiomyolipoma in HE stain with original magnification × 40 (c) and × 400 (d) Discussion and conclusion {#Sec4} ========================= Synchronous colorectal and renal tumor is not frequent. Environmental and genetic factors and the screening bias are the reasons behind this association. Some authors recommend use of ultrasound examination, CT, and magnetic resonance imaging to exclude synchronous asymptomatic renal lesions in patients with colorectal cancer to improve patients' survival rates \[[@CR5]\]. Such as others synchronous tumors, there are not approaches based on prospective trial evidence, and they are therapeutic dilemmas. Synchronous multiple primary tumors should be discussed in multidisciplinary team, and the patient should be informed about therapeutic challenges \[[@CR15]\]. Many reports on synchronous tumors suggest that treatment should be performed simultaneously, especially if the lesions are relatively small and may be treated by unique access. This strategy is recommended only when patients' medical conditions allow for longer anesthesia exposure. Otherwise, first treatment should be directed to the more aggressive lesion. The advantage to treat two neoplasms at the same time is to avoid a delay treatment of second tumor, especially in younger patients \[[@CR16]\]~.~ Finally, a combined surgery reduces the time to start the post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy that is longer if two different procedures are performed separately \[[@CR17]\]. Moreover, a second anesthetic procedure may be avoided, and discomfort of patients could be reduced \[[@CR18]\]. Open surgery was the gold standard in the past years. Cullinane et al. reported seven cases of simultaneous colorectal and renal carcinoma treated by open combined surgery without significant morbidity \[[@CR9]\]. Somani et al. suggested that post-operative morbidity after combined surgical procedures for RCC and other intra-abdominal pathologies in comparison with surgical procedures for RCC alone is slightly higher but not was statistically significant \[[@CR19]\]~.~ For synchronous renal and colorectal tumors, the laparoscopic approach is now a well-established treatment. Indeed, laparoscopy allows to perform simultaneous interventions by the same accesses and offers a magnified visualization, an early control of the organ's peduncles, and a screening for disseminated disease \[[@CR7]\]. Many single cases or small case series have been reported in literature for synchronous ipsilateral and controlateral colorectal and renal disease treated by laparoscopy (Table [1](#Tab1){ref-type="table"}). Kim et al. reviewed data from 93 patients with colorectal cancer and undergone simultaneous multiple organ resection, and 1090 patients undergone laparoscopic right hemicolectomy or low/anterior resection for colorectal cancer. The authors compared the intra-operative and short term outcomes between two groups, and they showed longer operative time in the combined group (189.6 min vs 166.9 min, P value 0.048 for patients underwent a right hemicolectomy, 178 min vs 228.1 min, P value ≤ 0.001 for patients underwent a low/anterior resection), while intra-operative outcomes such as the intra-operative complications, open conversion rate, and post-operative morbidity were similar \[[@CR10]\]. The authors concluded that simultaneous laparoscopic surgery for synchronous abdominal lesions is safe and feasible in colorectal cancer patients; they demonstrated that the combined surgery allowed to decrease the length of stay and overall morbidity. Combined kidney and colorectal surgery provides an early post-operative recovery and decreased morbidity when associated with laparoscopic approach. Moreover, combined procedures in laparoscopic surgery consent to reduce the risk of pulmonary and cardiac burden related to a single anesthesia instead of two, to obtain an earlier return to work activities and better cosmetic result, in addition to a better cost-effective due to more efficient use of hospital beds \[[@CR10], [@CR27]\]. Simon et al. reported their experience with 5 cases of synchronous laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer and renal or adrenal mass. The authors highlighted that this combined laparoscopic surgery was safe and feasible, with favorable peri-operative and oncologic outcomes: they reported median operative time of 420 min, median blood loss of 1000 ml, median number of blood transfusion of 1.5 unit, median removed lymph nodes of 21, no major complications, and median hospital stay of 11 days; no recurrences were observed \[[@CR7]\]. Table 1Colorectal and renal masses treated by laparoscopy reported in literatureReferenceSex, age (year)Colorectal neoplasmRenal neoplasmSimultaneous procedureBlood loss (ml)Operative time (min)First timeSecond timeKim et al. \[[@CR20]\]M, 55Mid-sigmoid ADCRight clear cell RCCLRNLaparoscopic sigmoidectomy100355Ng et al. \[[@CR13]\]M, 80Descending-sigmoid colon junction ADCLeft chromophobe RCCLaparoscopic left hemicolectomyLLN1500 (mostly from the left renal vein)370Napolitano et al. \[[@CR21]\]M, 74Left colonic ADCLeft RCCLRNLaparoscopic left hemicolectomy300270Ng et al. \[[@CR7]\]M, 73Sigmoid carcinomaRight RCCLaparoscopic sigmoid colectomyLRN200420M, 80Descending colon carcinomaLeft RCCLaparoscopic left hemicolectomyLLN1500370Nishiyama et al. \[[@CR22]\]M, 65Descending colon ADCLeft ureteral grade 2 transitional cell carcinomaLaparoscopic left nephroureterectomyLaparoscopic descending colectomy158442Veenstra et al. \[[@CR23]\]F, 70Ascending colon ADCRight clear cell RCCLLNLaparoscopic right hemicolectomy100210Campanati et al. \[[@CR24]\]M, 68Descending colon ADCRight Clear Cell RCCLRNLaparoscopic left hemicolectomy100450M, 70Sigmoid ADCLeft Clear Cell RCCLLNLaparoscopic left hemicolectomy150380Fazzin et al. \[[@CR25]\]F, 79Sigmoid ADC and right colon tubulous-villous adenomasRight RCCLaparoscopic right hemicolectomy and sigmoidectomyLRNN.A.N.A.Takahashi et al. \[[@CR26]\]F, 70Ascending colon ADCRight RCCLaparoscopic right hemicolectomyLRN60450O'Sullivan et al. \[[@CR27]\]M, 73Mid-transverse colon ADCLeft clear cell RCC with minor component of solid-variant papillaryLLNLaparoscopic complete mesocolic excisionN.A.N.A.Martin Arnau et al. \[[@CR18]\]M, 63Sigmoid ADCLeft Type 2 papillary RCCLaparoscopic sigmoidectomyLLN0300M, 67Sigmoid ADC + colon polyposisRight clear cell RCC + left cystic RCCSubtotal colectomyLaparoscopic heminephrectomy (partial left nephrectomy by retroperitoneoscopy was performed few days before)900420M, 71Rectal ADCLeft type 2 papillary RCCLower anterior resectionLLNN.A.N.A.M, 62Right colon ADCTransitional cell carcinoma of the ureterLaparoscopic right nephroureterectomyLaparoscopic extended right hemicolectomy300360Lee et al. \[[@CR28]\]F, 71Ascending colon ADCLeft non-functioning kidney with hydronephrosisLaparoscopic right hemicolectomyLLN300275M, 77Descending colon ADCLeft clear cell RCCLaparoscopic left hemicolectomyLLN250395Imagami et al. \[[@CR17]\]M, 77Transverse colon ADCLeft renal cell carcinoma of the left kidneyRobotic-assisted partial nephrectomyLaparoscopic transverse colectomy50510Tokuda et al. \[[@CR29]\]M, 83Cecal ADCLeft renal clear cell carcinomaLaparoscopy ileocecal resectionLLN30560This caseF, 53Recto-sigmoid junction neuroendocrine tumorLeft renal angiomyolipomaRobotic-assisted partial left nephrectomyRobotic-assisted low anterior rectal resection150260LRN laparoscopic right nephrectomy, LLN laparascopic left nephrectomy, ADC adenocarcinoma, RCC renal cell carcinoma The robotic approach to synchronous renal and colorectal is a new challenge and, as our knowledge, our case is the first case in literature of simultaneous robotic anterior rectal resection and partial nephrectomy for treatment of renal and colorectal tumor. In our case, for kidney tumor treatment, we performed a robotic enucleation without renal ischemia in order to obtain maximum preservation of healthy renal tissue and, consequently, of renal function. Indeed, the deterioration of kidney function after partial nephrectomy is due to both the loss of healthy parenchyma and the damage related to ischemia. The renal enucleation is an oncologically safe and effective technique that permits to remove the tumor using the avascular cleavage plan due to the fibrous pseudocapsular reactive tissue surrounding the tumor: in this way, a maximum sparing of healthy tissue may be achieved. Moreover, we preferred not to clamp the renal artery during enucleation to avoid the damage due to ischemia, since kidney function is already affected by prolonged anesthesia of the combined surgery. However, a vessel loop was passed twice around the renal artery and pulled out extracorporeally in order to apply a progressive renal hypotension on demand. Indeed, in case of significant bleeding, the arterial flow to the kidney can be reduced by assistant pulling vessel loop: this preserve the safety of the intervention even in combined surgery \[[@CR14], [@CR30]\]. Boni et al. showed the feasibility and safety of combined pancreatic metastasis and partial nephrectomy in one single robotic combined resection without replacement of the trocars \[[@CR31]\]. In literature, only one case series was reported about combined laparoscopic and robotic surgery for synchronous colorectal and genitourinary cancer. Imagami et al. retrospectively analyzed the surgical outcomes from a series of 3 cases of laparoscopic colorectal resection combined with robotic partial nephrectomy (n 1) or radical prostatectomy (n 2). They stated that the minimally invasive combined surgery was safe and feasible and allowed prompt initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy \[[@CR17]\]. In our case, we used five ports confirming that for synchronous colorectal and urogenital tumor the sharing ports are possible also by robotic approach. Robotic technique allows to maintain the advantages of laparoscopy and to obtain more benefits as magnification of the operative field through three-dimensional vision and high definition, more accurate movements by EndoWrist® instruments (Intuitive Surgical Inc) with 7° of motion, primary surgeon camera control, and elimination of the tremor. Thereby, this technology consents to reproduce the same surgical steps of traditional surgery with the benefits of a minimally invasive technique, overcoming the limitations of the laparoscopy: an unstable video camera, limited range of instruments' movements, two-dimensional imaging, and poor ergonomics for the surgeon \[[@CR32], [@CR33]\]. The robotic system facilitates the identification of anatomical structures and makes easier some complex surgical step in a narrow space such as the pelvis. These advantages could facilitate complex combined surgery for synchronous tumor. As our knowledge, we described the first case in literature of simultaneous robotic anterior rectal resection and partial nephrectomy for treatment of colorectal tumor and renal mass. Robotic rectal resection with intracorporeal anastomosis surgery seems to be feasible and safe even when it is associated with simultaneous partial nephrectomy. Many features of robotic technology could be useful in combined surgery. However, further studies are needed to evaluate robotic approach as standard surgical strategy for simultaneous treatment of colorectal and renal neoplasm. RCC : Renal cell carcinoma CT : Computerized tomography AMLs : Angiomyolipomas TSC : Tuberosclerosis complex LAM : Lymphangioleiomyomatosis Cg : Chromogranin ASIS : Anterior superior iliac spine Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. None All of the authors contributed equally to this work and participated in the design of the study. GC, EM, AS, and MC conceived the study. AT, AS, DG, MC, and JARdV collected the clinical data. AT, AS, DG, GM, and MC processed the data. AT, JARdV, and GM reviewed the literature. GC, AT, JARdV, GM, and EM drafted and revised the manuscript. VN, FPP, and SF contributed to the process of review. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. None The authors declare that all data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article. Written informed consent was obtained from the patient to participate the study. The study was approved by the ethics committee at University of Perugia. Written consent for the publication of study with images was obtained from the patient. The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Q: Why isn't the BitmapData transparent? var subimage = new Bitmap(); subimage.bitmapData = new BitmapData(25, 25, true, 0); addChild(subimage); From everything I've read, this should be transparent. I'm seeing a big black square. What could cause that? A: use this new BitmapData(25, 25, true, 0x00000000); instead of new BitmapData(25, 25, true, 0); 0xFF000000 is black(0x000000) with alpha equal to 1 0x00000000 is black(0x000000) with alpha equal to 0 Here is a nice explanation how colors & alpha work: http://myflex.wordpress.com/2007/09/07/about-hex-color-codes-in-flex-as3/ //EDIT: Dennis Krøger and strille are right, 0x00000000 == 0. Looks like the problem is somewhere else, not in the code you pasted in. A: ActionScript uses a 32-bit hexadecimal numbers to represent color values with transparency. ARGB colors as 32 bit variables are specified by 4 groups of 8 bits each / or 2 hex each: In binary: AAAAAAAA RRRRRRRR GGGGGGGG BBBBBBBB In hex: AA RR GG BB A represents the alpha value (transparency), R is rd, G is green, B is blue. Each group defines intensity of each of the colors channels, A is alpha, R is red, G is green, B is blue. Full intensity on the alpha channel means no alpha (FF) and no intensity (00) means full alpha. So a transparent pixel color value is 0x00rrggbb. A: You can either create or pass BitmapData to the constructor of a new Bitmap object, or edit it by reference after it is created. Both options work: package { //Imports import flash.display.Bitmap; import flash.display.BitmapData; import flash.display.Sprite; //Document Class public class Main extends Sprite { //Constructor public function Main() { var bmpData:BitmapData = new BitmapData(200, 200, true, 0x5500FF00); var bmp:Bitmap = new Bitmap(bmpData); addChild(bmp); var bmp2:Bitmap = new Bitmap(); bmp2.bitmapData = new BitmapData(200, 200, true, 0x55FF0000); bmp2.x = bmp2.y = 200; addChild(bmp2); } } }
Q: Padding between X-Axis labels in Highchart Can anyone help me out here? We are trying to implement Highchart for our web application, but in some charts the X-Axis labels are overlapping, due to closer points. The code we are using for the X-Axis: Highcharts.setOptions({ xAxis: { gridLineWidth: 1, lineColor: '#000', tickColor: '#000', labels: { style: { color: '#000', font: '11px Trebuchet MS, Verdana, sans-serif', } }, title: { style: { color: '#333', fontWeight: 'bold', fontSize: '12px', fontFamily: 'Trebuchet MS, Verdana, sans-serif' } } } }) and setXAxisParameters = { categories: xAxisCategories, title: { text: xAxisTitle }, labels: { formatter: function() { xVal = (this.value).split("#")[0]; if(xVal != '') return xVal; else return ''; }, y: 5, rotation: 90, align: 'left' } } Thanks in advance. A: Without seeing an example of your data it is hard to tell how they are overlapping. You can try changing the orientation of the labels to be vertical (rotation) and/or change other options of the labels (labels).
I love to create. I love to make people laugh and I love to make things, especially gifts. I love helping people and I love dogs! In my life, whether I am teaching puppy class or rehearsing for a show or creating something with my hands, it's my contribution to this world. Along this journey I get to quilt, knit, embroider, play, laugh and love. Come along and join the fun! God bless! Wednesday, March 01, 2006 Kim and I drove down to San Fran where we picked up her daughter Janie who had just flown in from China. It is hard to say whether or not Kim was in much of a hurry, but I will say, we pretty much flew, too. It was a pretty drive, although it was foggy going over Mt. Shasta, which was a bummer as that is so beautiful. This was late January and we were setting records here in Seattle for the most consecutive days of rain and snow was piling up in the mountains, so everyone, except Kim & I were worried about our driving over them. I can't blame Kim for wanting to get there quickly. Janie had been in China for seven months and everyone was dying to see her again. Lucky for us, we had her all to ourselves for a few more days before the two of them headed home, leaving me in Sacramento. (more on that later) We were so close to getting her when we got stuck at the toll to the Oakland Bridge because of an accident. What a zoo! 10 lanes going into 2? Something like that, ambulances, fire trucks, cops, craziness. Poor Janie, hanging out in the lobby of the hotel, waiting to be rescued. We finally arrived and reunited Mother & Daughter. Janie is an absolute delight, had so much to tell about her adventures through China and Tibet and is an amazing young lady. After grabbing her and getting a hotel room, we of course wanted to go eat somewhere we could look at the bridges. We ended up in some quaint little village past Sausalito at a hoity-toity Mexican joint. The water was beautiful! The shops were closed, but we walked all around and enjoyed them, found an antique car museum that also had antique games - like the one in the movie Big, starring Tom Hanks. The next day, we tried to take in as much of San Francisco as possible! What a cool city! Living by the water here, I am reminded that we often forget to enjoy that which we have before us. We "did the bridge" and got some great souvenirs before heading off to Ghirardelli Square where we met up with my dear friend Bonnie, who lives in San Jose, whom I haven't seen in years and years! In fact, it has been so long, that Bonnie was afraid, with all that chocolate around, we might somehow miss each other, so she made this terrific sign! Needless to say, we had a lot of fun with THAT the entire trip! We wanted to ride the cable cars and Janie wanted to go to Chinatown before we left so we drove around for a long time trying to find parking. It took a long time of us following the tracks and meandering down side streets "hunting" until we found a little lot right at the end of the line where we could park. So we got to do it after all. The cable cars were very cool, standing on the side rails and just hanging on as the trucks and cars passed by was a bit intimidating at first and I have no doubt everyone knew we were tourists, but hey - who cares! The architecture is beautiful and wonderful to behold, we hit downtown and Janie and Kim hit China Town while I had a drink and French Onion Soup (YUM! It was grande!) in a quaint French Cafe. Unfortunately, we only had the one day; we'll have to leave Fisherman's Wharf, The Painted Ladies and Alcatraz for another trip. (Although we were close to them all!) We finally got out of there and made it to Sacramento about 1:30 AM. I had school in the morning.... Dog Sites Some of My Faves MSQC About Me Even as a young child, Gayle Ballinger was very in-tune with the animals around her; she gravitated towards every dog and cat she met and spent hours playing with her neighbor’s pet skunk. At the age of six, Gayle discovered that even the local squirrels would perform tricks in exchange for bits of her peanut butter sandwiches. This passion for working with animals has been a driving force behind her career and life choices… If you’re looking for help in raising your first puppy, need to solve a problem with your dog’s behavior, or just want to have a well-trained dog, call Gayle Ballinger at Pawsitive Steps Dog Training.After all these years, she’s still sharing her peanut butter sandwiches.
Q: How to integrate Restful Web Services with Struts 2 How do you integrate or create a REST web-application??.I saw this plugin struts-restplugin but the documentation does not provide any running example.can any one please provide some examples or reference tutorials about the same. A: You can use Struts Restplugin link Here helpful tutorial
Q: Telerik GridViewPinButton visibility in RadGridView I've encountered a strange issue regarding the GridViewPinButton visibility in RadGridView. My only wish is to disable this functionality- to set the GridViewPinButton visibility to collapse in every row in RadGridView. Now, I have one place where it works great and another one where I can see this button while I'm hovering the rows. In both places I haven't written any code concerning the GridViewPinButton , and in both cases the visibility of the button is set to collapsed by default. The only difference I can see is in snoop : When it works well, GridViewPinButton does not have any child elements: while it has them in the second case (where it does not work well): When I click the button, I get the error: Could not find any resources appropriate for the specified culture or the neutral culture. Make sure Telerik.Windows.Controls.GridView.Strings.resources was correctly embedded or linked into assembly Telerik.Windows.Controls.GridView at compile time, or that all the satellite assemblies required are loadable and fully signed. Stack trace is attached: at System.Resources.ManifestBasedResourceGroveler.HandleResourceStreamMissing(String fileName) at System.Resources.ManifestBasedResourceGroveler.GrovelForResourceSet(CultureInfo culture, Dictionary2 localResourceSets, Boolean tryParents, Boolean createIfNotExists, StackCrawlMark& stackMark) at System.Resources.ResourceManager.InternalGetResourceSet(CultureInfo requestedCulture, Boolean createIfNotExists, Boolean tryParents, StackCrawlMark& stackMark) at System.Resources.ResourceManager.InternalGetResourceSet(CultureInfo culture, Boolean createIfNotExists, Boolean tryParents) at System.Resources.ResourceManager.GetString(String name, CultureInfo culture) at Telerik.Windows.Controls.GridView.GridViewItemContainerGenerator.GetBlockAndPosition(Object item, Boolean deletedFromItems, GeneratorPosition& position, ItemBlock& block, Int32& offsetFromBlockStart, Int32& correctIndex) at Telerik.Windows.Controls.GridView.GridViewItemContainerGenerator.OnItemReplaced(Object oldItem, Object newItem, Int32 index) at Telerik.Windows.Controls.GridView.GridViewItemContainerGenerator.OnCollectionChanged(Object sender, NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs args) at Telerik.Windows.Controls.GridView.GridViewItemContainerGenerator.System.Windows.IWeakEventListener.ReceiveWeakEvent(Type managerType, Object sender, EventArgs e) at System.Windows.WeakEventManager.ListenerList.DeliverEvent(Listener& listener, Object sender, EventArgs args, Type managerType) at System.Windows.WeakEventManager.ListenerList1.DeliverEvent(Object sender, EventArgs e, Type managerType) at System.Windows.WeakEventManager.DeliverEventToList(Object sender, EventArgs args, ListenerList list) at System.Windows.WeakEventManager.DeliverEvent(Object sender, EventArgs args) at System.Collections.Specialized.NotifyCollectionChangedEventHandler.Invoke(Object sender, NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs e) at Telerik.Windows.Data.DataItemCollection.OnCollectionChanged(NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs e) at Telerik.Windows.Data.DataItemCollection.OnPinnedItemsCollectionChanged(Object sender, NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs e) at System.Collections.Specialized.NotifyCollectionChangedEventHandler.Invoke(Object sender, NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs e) at System.Collections.ObjectModel.ObservableCollection1.OnCollectionChanged(NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs e) at Telerik.Windows.Data.DataItemCollection.AddToPinnedItems(Object item) at System.Windows.Input.CommandBinding.OnExecuted(Object sender, ExecutedRoutedEventArgs e) at System.Windows.Input.CommandManager.ExecuteCommandBinding(Object sender, ExecutedRoutedEventArgs e, CommandBinding commandBinding) at System.Windows.Input.CommandManager.FindCommandBinding(CommandBindingCollection commandBindings, Object sender, RoutedEventArgs e, ICommand command, Boolean execute) at System.Windows.Input.CommandManager.FindCommandBinding(Object sender, RoutedEventArgs e, ICommand command, Boolean execute) at System.Windows.Input.CommandManager.OnExecuted(Object sender, ExecutedRoutedEventArgs e) at System.Windows.RoutedEventArgs.InvokeHandler(Delegate handler, Object target) at System.Windows.EventRoute.InvokeHandlersImpl(Object source, RoutedEventArgs args, Boolean reRaised) at System.Windows.UIElement.RaiseEventImpl(DependencyObject sender, RoutedEventArgs args) at System.Windows.Input.RoutedCommand.ExecuteImpl(Object parameter, IInputElement target, Boolean userInitiated) at System.Windows.Input.CommandManager.TransferEvent(IInputElement newSource, ExecutedRoutedEventArgs e) at System.Windows.RoutedEventArgs.InvokeHandler(Delegate handler, Object target) at System.Windows.EventRoute.InvokeHandlersImpl(Object source, RoutedEventArgs args, Boolean reRaised) at System.Windows.UIElement.RaiseEventImpl(DependencyObject sender, RoutedEventArgs args) at System.Windows.Input.RoutedCommand.ExecuteImpl(Object parameter, IInputElement target, Boolean userInitiated) at System.Windows.Controls.Button.OnClick() at Telerik.Windows.Controls.RadButton.OnClick() at System.Windows.Controls.Primitives.ButtonBase.OnMouseLeftButtonUp(MouseButtonEventArgs e) at System.Windows.RoutedEventArgs.InvokeHandler(Delegate handler, Object target) at System.Windows.EventRoute.InvokeHandlersImpl(Object source, RoutedEventArgs args, Boolean reRaised) at System.Windows.UIElement.ReRaiseEventAs(DependencyObject sender, RoutedEventArgs args, RoutedEvent newEvent) at System.Windows.RoutedEventArgs.InvokeHandler(Delegate handler, Object target) at System.Windows.EventRoute.InvokeHandlersImpl(Object source, RoutedEventArgs args, Boolean reRaised) at System.Windows.UIElement.RaiseEventImpl(DependencyObject sender, RoutedEventArgs args) at System.Windows.UIElement.RaiseTrustedEvent(RoutedEventArgs args) at System.Windows.Input.InputManager.ProcessStagingArea() at System.Windows.Input.InputProviderSite.ReportInput(InputReport inputReport) at System.Windows.Interop.HwndMouseInputProvider.ReportInput(IntPtr hwnd, InputMode mode, Int32 timestamp, RawMouseActions actions, Int32 x, Int32 y, Int32 wheel) at System.Windows.Interop.HwndMouseInputProvider.FilterMessage(IntPtr hwnd, WindowMessage msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam, Boolean& handled) at System.Windows.Interop.HwndSource.InputFilterMessage(IntPtr hwnd, Int32 msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam, Boolean& handled) at MS.Win32.HwndWrapper.WndProc(IntPtr hwnd, Int32 msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam, Boolean& handled) at MS.Win32.HwndSubclass.DispatcherCallbackOperation(Object o) at System.Windows.Threading.ExceptionWrapper.InternalRealCall(Delegate callback, Object args, Int32 numArgs) at MS.Internal.Threading.ExceptionFilterHelper.TryCatchWhen(Object source, Delegate method, Object args, Int32 numArgs, Delegate catchHandler) A: Set RowIndicatorVisibility="Collapsed" on your RadGridView
KYODO NEWS - Jan 12, 2018 - 17:12 \| Sports, All J-League champions Kawasaki Frontale have agreed to a deal that will bring former Japan international Manabu Saito from Yokohama F Marinos, the two clubs announced Friday. The move will give Frontale a major boost ahead of the 2018 season as they continue team-building efforts, despite Saito having yet to recover from a knee injury that will delay his debut for the new club. "I see this move as a challenge," Saito said in a statement. "My desire to start afresh as a player helped me make the decision to leave Marinos," he said. Late last year, Kawasaki succeeded in re-signing all-time J1 top scorer and veteran forward Yoshito Okubo, who spent a year with FC Tokyo. Okubo played for Frontale for four seasons from 2013 and on his return to Todoroki Stadium will join a list of powerful attackers, including Yu Kobayashi who led the league with 23 goals and won the MVP honors. Frontale had been pursuing Saito, who was raised in Kawasaki, since 2016 and has been showing strong interest in the 27-year-old even after he sustained a right knee injury last fall that will keep him off the pitch for at least eight months. Saito had surgery to repair a damaged knee ligament in October and is currently undergoing rehab. Frontale's signings are certainly helped by the 2.2 billion yen ($19.75 million) from prize money and other funds the club has received from the J-League. A product of Marinos' junior system known for his dribbling skills, Saito was a member of the national team at the 2014 World Cup in Brazil and 2012 London Olympics. He played a total of nine seasons with Marinos from 2008, and had a one-year loan spell at Ehime FC in 2011. Frontale led the league with 71 goals last season and are looking to defend their J1 championship and win their first Asian Champions League title this year.
Q: I'm trying to put a inside an 's for mobile I asked this question a month ago: I'm trying to put a <button> inside an <input type="radio">'s <label> The answer I marked correct worked perfectly... for the desktop browsers I tested. Testing on my iPhone 6, both Safari and Chrome have the buttons unclickable. Correct answer snippet copied below: button { pointer-events:none; } <h1>Choose A or B</h1> <input type="radio" name="choice" value="A" id="a"><label for="a"><button type="button">A</button></label> <input type="radio" name="choice" value="B" id="b"><label for="b"><button type="button">B</button></label> Is there a solution that works for both smartphone AND desktop? I could get rid of <input type=“radio”> and rewrite radio button behaviour in JavaScript from scratch, but I'm hoping I won't need to do that. Is there an easier way? A: <h1>Choose A or B</h1> <label> <input type="radio" name="mode" value="create"> <span style="-webkit-appearance: button;">create table</span> </label> <label> <input type="radio" name="mode" value="create"> <span style="-webkit-appearance: button;">create field</span> </label>
Heretofore there have been a number of different types of electromagnetic launchers with rails. FIG. 12 schematically illustrates the general construction of a conventional electromagnetic railgun. The railgun includes a pair of rails 1 and 2 positioned parallel to and spaced apart from one another. Rails 1 and 2 form barrel 3 which includes breech end 4 and muzzle end 5. Armature 6 is sized so as to slide between rails 1 and 2. The armature 6 and the projectile 7 may be combined into one body, or may be the same body. Rails I and 2 are connected to a source of electrical power 8. The next explanation will define the operation. When the armature 6 is in the barrel 3, current begins to flow between the rails and 2 through the armature 6. This current produces a magnetic field to the left of the armature. This magnetic field interacts with the current flowing through the armature via path 9, to create an electromagnetic force that causes the armature to accelerate to the right along barrel 3, and out of the muzzle end 5 of the railgun. In another type of railgun, known as a plasma armature railgun, current flows along path 10 through a plasma created by the electric current between the rails to the left of an electrically insulating projectile 7 which is used in place of the armature 6. Current running through the plasma interacts with the magnetic field generated by the current in the rails and results in acceleration of the plasma, and therefore of the insulating projectile, to the right along barrel 3. A primary objective of electromagnetic launcher design is to maximize efficiency by minimizing energy losses in the electromagnetic launcher system. Some sources of energy loss in an electromagnetic launcher system are: resistive losses in the rails and any supply conductors, loss in the plasma behind the projectile and/or in the armature of projectile PA1 loss of the energy due to the force of friction between the projectile and the walls of the barrel bore PA1 loss of energy stored in the magnetic field from the rail current, which is dissipated in muzzle resistors after each shot. The present invention reduces the energy stored in the magnetic field from the rail current. In U.S. Pat. No. 4,796,511 to Eyssa, the author makes an attempt to reduce these losses by segmentation of the rails and by special supply conductors (See FIG. 13). Both supply conductors 11 and 12 have two semi-cylindrical portions: 13 and 14 for supply conductor 11, and 15 and 16 for supply conductor 12, respectively. The portions 13 and 14 are electrically connected with segmented rail 17 and the portions IS and 16 are electrically connected with segmented rail 18. These semi-cylindrical portions are disposed on either side of the projectile path between the rails and in generally coaxial relationship to one another. The author supposes that because the semi-cylindrical portions are coaxially arranged the magnetic field from current in such portions will not exist inside of barrel. Because the currents flow in opposite directions in nonsymmetrical coaxial supply conductors, the currents are repelled by one another and the density of current will be distributed as shown in FIG. 13. These currents will create a magnetic field 19 inside the barrel and the stored magnetic energy will be lost after each shot.
Copyright (c) 2003-2010, CKSource - Frederico Knabben. All rights reserved. For licensing, see LICENSE.html or http://ckeditor.com/license af.js Found: 302 Missing: 187 ar.js Found: 473 Missing: 16 bg.js Found: 295 Missing: 194 bn.js Found: 297 Missing: 192 bs.js Found: 203 Missing: 286 ca.js Found: 426 Missing: 63 cs.js Found: 433 Missing: 56 da.js Found: 426 Missing: 63 de.js Found: 466 Missing: 23 el.js Found: 301 Missing: 188 en-au.js Found: 385 Missing: 104 en-ca.js Found: 385 Missing: 104 en-uk.js Found: 385 Missing: 104 eo.js Found: 275 Missing: 214 es.js Found: 426 Missing: 63 et.js Found: 316 Missing: 173 eu.js Found: 426 Missing: 63 fa.js Found: 317 Missing: 172 fi.js Found: 434 Missing: 55 fo.js Found: 316 Missing: 173 fr-ca.js Found: 317 Missing: 172 fr.js Found: 425 Missing: 64 gl.js Found: 298 Missing: 191 gu.js Found: 316 Missing: 173 he.js Found: 435 Missing: 54 hi.js Found: 317 Missing: 172 hr.js Found: 426 Missing: 63 hu.js Found: 316 Missing: 173 is.js Found: 322 Missing: 167 it.js Found: 425 Missing: 64 ja.js Found: 435 Missing: 54 km.js Found: 291 Missing: 198 ko.js Found: 308 Missing: 181 lt.js Found: 321 Missing: 168 lv.js Found: 298 Missing: 191 mn.js Found: 316 Missing: 173 ms.js Found: 280 Missing: 209 nb.js Found: 432 Missing: 57 nl.js Found: 433 Missing: 56 no.js Found: 432 Missing: 57 pl.js Found: 433 Missing: 56 pt-br.js Found: 425 Missing: 64 pt.js Found: 297 Missing: 192 ro.js Found: 316 Missing: 173 ru.js Found: 322 Missing: 167 sk.js Found: 317 Missing: 172 sl.js Found: 315 Missing: 174 sr-latn.js Found: 291 Missing: 198 sr.js Found: 291 Missing: 198 sv.js Found: 314 Missing: 175 th.js Found: 302 Missing: 187 tr.js Found: 322 Missing: 167 uk.js Found: 426 Missing: 63 vi.js Found: 426 Missing: 63 zh-cn.js Found: 426 Missing: 63 zh.js Found: 426 Missing: 63
African Safari: What to bring? It is crucial to do a proper inventory of things to carry to your African Wildlife Safari. 1. Safari Clothing Since your clothes should be for protection but also for comfortability. Long pants and long sleeve shirts are crucial to continue to keep your skin protected in the sun and to shield you from mosquito bites that are annoying. Most safari guides will inform you to avoid brightly colored clothing because it can entice animals the main reason why safari clothing come in tan, ivory, and light brown. 2. Back packs A sturdy, watertight backpack is an ideal means to bring your products. Make sure the straps on your pack fit you comfortably.Talk to your travel specialist because you can need a few days of clothing provide because many of the camps and certainly do have laundry facilities. It is also important to ask your tour operator what to take when on technical outside activities that include mountain climbing, bungee jumping, gorilla trekking and/ or household rafting 3. Sun and Mosquito Protection From the wild you will encounter mosquitoes so it’s important to get a mosquito repellent. Be sure to spray any exposed skin and your clothing. Because they may attract mosquitoes, avoid the usage of cologne, hairspray and other scented products. The temperatures are excessively high, about Kenya and notably the equator, Uganda and Tanzania being located on the Equator. It is therefore important to have a Great sunscreen to protect you in the sun rays 4. Polarized Sunglasses Another product to not be left out is a set of quality sunglasses. Polarized sunglasses are best for the strong sunlight. 5. Walking Shoes Remember to get a comfortable and nice pair of running or walking shoes that fit you. Do not forget to pack standard socks. You’ll probably want to make a pair of comfortable boots. 6. Rain Gear/warm Jacket Depending upon the timing of your African Safari, then there is need to bring a light rain gear for small bursts (October – Early December) and long rains (March – April) and a warm jacket for the cold season (May – June). 7. Swimming Suit Lodges from the national parks and game reserves have swimming pools. Many safari experiences include the chance to swim in these pools that are immaculate. Make sure to deliver a excellent suit that is swimming so that you are able to delight in the water! More important things to bring here: Regardless of what your interests, your ambitions and fantasies are, always ensure that you opt for a tour operator that is fantastic to produce your African Safari not just memorable but a fantasy turn reality.
Introduction {#Sec1} ============ The immunohistochemical surrogate of molecular subclasses of breast cancers proposed by the Saint Gallen Consensus Meetings \[[@CR1]--[@CR3]\] is largely used to classify patients in different risk categories. However, the main drawback of this classification is the low consistency in classifying Luminal A and Luminal B/HER2-negative (HER2−) carcinomas. Actually, both of them are estrogen receptor positive (ER+) and HER2−, but Luminal B category should identify patients with worse prognosis, endorsed for chemotherapy in addition to hormone blockage. Therefore, to differentiate Luminal A from Luminal B/HER2− breast cancers carries important therapeutic implications. For this aim, the Saint Gallen Guidelines \[[@CR1]\] recommend to assess the proliferation index by Ki67, a nuclear marker of cell proliferation that is expressed in all cell cycle phases, except G0 \[[@CR4]\]. A Luminal B breast cancer should show a higher proliferation index than Luminal A; however, the Ki67 cut-off for differentiating these two categories changed over time. The 2011 Saint Gallen Consensus Meeting defined as "low proliferation" tumors with a Ki67 index \<14 % \[[@CR3]\], a cut-off established by comparison with PAM50 intrinsic multigene molecular test classification of Luminal cancers \[[@CR5]\]. Otherwise, during the 2013 Saint Gallen Conference, the majority of panelists voted that a threshold of ≥20 % was indicative of "high" Ki67 status. At the same time, several works reported low reproducibility of Ki67 results, mainly in the subset of cancers with intermediate proliferation activity (between 15 and 30 %) \[[@CR6]--[@CR10]\]. Thus, in March 2015, during the last Saint Gallen Conference \[[@CR1]\], the use of the median Ki67 value of local laboratory was proposed as the cut-off, and accepted by the panel of experts. In our Institution, the median Ki67 value (tested on 547 consecutive luminal invasive breast cancers, operated between January and December 2014) is 14 %. Thus, we analyzed a large retrospective cohort of Luminal ER+/HER2− breast cancers, with long follow-up, with the following aims: (1) to establish which is the optimal Ki67 cut-off (14 vs 20 %) to stratify cases according to disease-free interval (DFI) and disease-specific survival (DSS) at 5 and 10 years, and (2) to assess the prognostic significance of intermediate Ki67 values. In addition, considering that patient prognosis depends on tumor and patient characteristics, we investigated the role of proliferation activity within a comprehensive prognostic index, which uses independent variables to stratify patients having "good" or "poor" prognosis. Patients and methods {#Sec2} ==================== Study design and population {#Sec3} --------------------------- We investigated 1688 female patients with ER+/HER2− primary breast cancers who underwent surgery from June 1994 to December 2012 at the Breast Unit of the Città della Salute e della Scienza of Torino, University Hospital of Torino, Italy. Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Ethical Committee of our Institution. The following clinico-pathological data were obtained from clinical charts: age at diagnosis, type of surgery (conservative surgery vs radical mastectomy), therapy, type, and site of recurrence. In addition, data regarding size (\<15 vs ≥15 mm), histological type and grade of tumor, nodal involvement, vascular invasion, Progesterone Receptor (PR), ER, HER2, and Ki-67 was obtained from pathological reports. In particular, for what concerns Ki67, we set cut-points at 14 % (low) and 20 % (high), and of PR at 20 % as recommended by St. Gallen experts \[[@CR2], [@CR3]\]. Complete clinical and histopathological data were available for 1577 out 688 patients. Statistical analyses {#Sec4} -------------------- Pearson's Chi-square test and Student's t test were preliminary performed to compare categorical and continuous variables, respectively, and to evaluate potential differences in the variable distribution among groups. The disease-free interval (DFI) was calculated from the date of surgical excision of the primary tumor to the date of the first relapse or last check-up. Disease-specific survival (DSS) was calculated from the surgical excision date of the primary tumor to the date of breast cancer death or last check-up. Survival distribution curves were plotted using the Kaplan--Meyer method, and the statistical comparisons were performed using the log-rank test. Cox regression analyses were carried out on DFI and DSS to calculate crude and adjusted HRs and 95 % CIs for the different study group. Cases lost to follow-up and cases with a non-breast cancer related deaths were censored at the last follow-up control. A model was created for evaluating the prognostic role of different variables. The proportional hazard assumption was assessed with the Schoenfeld residuals. This did not give reasons to suspect violation of this assumption. The nature of variables (continue/categorical) included in the model was evaluated considering literature reports and the results of the log-likelihood ratio test. Akaike information criterion (AIC) was used for model selection. All statistical tests were two sided. p values \<0.05 were considered significant. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata/SE12.0 Statistical Software (STATA, College Station, TX). Results {#Sec5} ======= The characteristics of the 1688 patients with ER+/HER2− breast cancer stratified according to Ki67 cut-offs are reported in Tables [1](#Tab1){ref-type="table"} and [2](#Tab2){ref-type="table"}. DFI and DSS were evaluated in patients with low (\<14 %), intermediate (14--19 %) and high (≥20 %) Ki67 levels. Patients affected by cancers with low and intermediate Ki67 values had similar DFI and DSS, whereas patients with high Ki67 proliferation index had lower DFI and DSS than patients in the two former groups (Log-rank test DFI p \< 0.001; DSS p \< 0.001), Fig. [1](#Fig1){ref-type="fig"}.Table 1The characteristics of the 1688 patients with ER+/HER2− breast cancer stratified according to Ki67 cut-offsTotalKi67 \<14 %Ki67 ≥14 %pKi67 \<20 %Ki67 ≥20 %pAge at diagnosis Median, interval62 (23--92)62 (34--87)62 (23--92)0.67462 (23--92)61 (27--88)0.141LN metastatic (n) (missing 5) 01133596537\<0.001834299\<0.001 1--3405177228249156 4--99634624848 \>94914351831Tumor size (mm) (missing 58) \<15912527385\<0.001717195\<0.001 ≥15718277441409309Tumor grade (missing 1) 1634462172\<0.00156470\<0.001 2806333473534272 32472722053194Vascular invasion (missing 13) No1104637467\<0.001858246\<0.001 Si571178393283288PgR% (missing 111) \<20%3371511860.023212125\<0.001 ≥20%1,240642598891349Histotype (missing 138) DC961420541\<0.001608353\<0.001 ILC19813433225379 IDC + ILC15763949463 other2341399519440Surgery (missing 5) Conservative1180608572\<0.001655447\<0.001 Mastectomy503213290234236Radiotherapy (missing 1) No462196266\<0.001282180\<0.001 Yes1215624591862353Site of progression Contralateral16790.329880.483 Regional5113381734 Distant9425693658Table 2Classification on the basis of Ki67 and PgR valuesER+Luminal A\ (Ki67 low, PgR high)Luminal B\ (Ki67 high or PgR negative/low)Ki67 \<14 %642151 ≥14 %--784Ki67 \<20 %891212 ≥20 %--474Ki67 ≥ 20 %Luminal ALuminal BKi67 (%) \<14642151 14--1924961 ≥20--474Ki67 (%)PgR% \<20 %PgR% ≥20 %Luminal ALuminal BLuminal ALuminal B\<14--151642--14--19--61249--≥20--1250349Fig. 1DFI and DSS in low, intermediate, and high Ki67 patients Univariate Cox analyses estimates reported in Table [2](#Tab2){ref-type="table"} showed that tumor size ≥15 mm, nodal involvement, high grade, and vascular invasion negatively impact on DFI and DSS, together with a high-Ki67 index. As expected, cancers having such features were treated with more aggressive surgery and radiotherapy (Table [1](#Tab1){ref-type="table"}). PR \>20 % failed to play a favorable prognostic role on DSS (Table [3](#Tab3){ref-type="table"}).Table 3Univariate analyses on DFI and DSSVariableDFIDSSHRCIpHRCIpKi67 ≥ 14 %2.331.65--3.29\<0.0012.531.50--4.26\<0.001Ki67 ≥ 20 %3.242.35--4.45\<0.0013.772.32--6.13\<0.001Ki67 % \<14 %11 14--20 %0.900.51--1.590.7100.680.26--1.830.454 ≥20 %3.142.21--4.47\<0.0013.442.03--5.84\<0.001PgR ≥ 20%0.670.47--0.950.0260.650.39--1.100.107Mastectomy versus conservative surgery3.702.71--5.07\<0.0013.872.44--6.15\<0.001LN metastatic N01 N11.881.30--2.740.0011.360.76--2.450.303 N24.783.03--7.56\<0.0014.912.63--9.20\<0.001 N37.344.41--12.2\<0.0016.753.32--13.7\<0.001Tumor size ≥153.622.52--5.21\<0.0014.242.45--7.35\<0.001Tumor grade 111 21.941.28--2.950.0021.921.00--3.670.048 33.952.53--6.16\<0.0015.002.61--9.57\<0.001Vascular invasion2.711.98--3.71\<0.0013.001.87--4.82\<0.001Histotype IDC11 ILC1.020.69--1.510.9061.170.68--2.010.577 IDC + ILC0.790.47--1.360.4130.6570.29--1.470.302 Other0.720.43--1.190.1970.7070.33--1.490.358Radiotherapy0.360.28--0.49\<0.0010.440.28--0.710.001 Multivariable analyses (Table [4](#Tab4){ref-type="table"}) were performed on 1577 patients with complete clinical and histopathological data. The proportionality assumption was satisfied both on DFI (p = 0.6469) and DSS (p = 0.8008). Tumor size ≥15 mm, nodal involvement, 20 % Ki67 cut-point maintained an unfavorable role on DFI and DSS.Table 4Multivariate analyses on DFI and DSSVariableDFIDSSHRCIpHRCIpAge at diagnosis0.990.97--1.000.3551.000.98--1.030.549Tumor size ≥ 152.061.35--3.140.0012.781.42--5.410.003Vascular Invasion1.140.76--1.730.5221.620.86--3.050.138PgR ≥ 20 %0.700.47--1.020.0660.660.38--1.160.153Metastatic LN N011 N11.530.98--2.400.0611.130.57--2.260.724 N23.031.69--5.440.0002.891.29--6.470.010 N34.112.19--7.670.0003.411.43--8.120.006Tumor grade 111 21.150.71--1.880.5691.100.51--2.360.806 31.060.59--1.890.8511.090.46--2.580.836Ki67 ≥ 20 %2.351.56--3.550.0002.371.26--4.470.008Global test DFI p = 0.6429; DSS p = 0.8008 To create a comprehensive index associated to "good" and "poor" prognosis and based on multivariate analysis, a score was attributed to each significant variable according to its HR. Thus, a score value of 1 was given to tumors \>15 mm and tumors with Ki67 ≥ 20 %, whereas a score 0 was given to tumors ≤15 mm and tumors with Ki67 \<20 %. Four score values were used for lymph nodes (0: lymph nodes free of metastases; 1: from 1 to 3 metastatic lymph nodes, 2: from 4 to 9 metastatic lymph nodes; 3: more than 9 metastatic lymph nodes). The comprehensive prognostic index was created using the following formula: (tumor size score value) + (number of metastatic lymph nodes score value) + (Ki67 score value), determining a range of 0--5. Kaplan Maier analysis was then carried out for each value. We found that 575 had a final index of 0; 481 of 1; 303 of 2, 147 of 3, 40 of 4, and 21 of 5. Following the performance curves, we set the index cut-off at 3, indicating \<3 a good prognosis and ≥3 a poor prognosis. Patients with an index ≥3 had a significant increased risk of relapse (DFI: HR = 4.74, CI 3.46--6.51, p \< 0.001) and of death (DSS: HR = 5.03, CI 3.19--7.94, p \< 0.001) Fig. [2](#Fig2){ref-type="fig"}.Fig. 2DFI and DSS in patients stratified on the basis of good (\<3) or poor (≥3) score We then analyzed the outcome of patients according to treatment (1040 hormonal therapy alone; 451 chemotherapy followed by hormone therapy). Eighty-six patients were not treated (comorbidities, older age, therapy refused) and were thus excluded from further analyses. Treatment type did not change DFI and DSS of patients with a score \<3 (good prognosis) Fig. [3](#Fig3){ref-type="fig"}. On the contrary, patients with poor prognosis (score ≥ 3) treated with hormonal therapy alone had a DSS disadvantage, compared to patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy before hormonal treatment Fig. [4](#Fig4){ref-type="fig"}.Fig. 3DFI and DSS in patients with good score (\<3) stratified on the basis of therapyFig. 4DFI and DSS in patients with poor score (≥3) stratified on the basis of therapy Discussion {#Sec6} ========== The first result of our study is that Luminal breast cancer patients with low (\<14 %) and intermediate (14--19 %) Ki67 have the same DFI and DSS and a better prognosis than patients with high (≥20 %) Ki67. This result confirms that, within ER+/HER2− breast cancers, the 20 % Ki67 cut-off can reliably (1) discriminate patients at low or high risk of recurrence and death, and (2) stratify patients at higher risk, eligible to adjuvant chemotherapy before hormone therapy. The usefulness of Ki67 for decision on breast cancer management is a matter of discussion. A number of oncologists advise not to rely on Ki67 in the clinical practice, because of its low reproducibility \[[@CR2]--[@CR11]\]. Additionally, the American National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines do not provide any information regarding Ki67 immunohistochemical assessment and its role in breast cancer prognosis \[[@CR12]\]. However, in Europe, the Saint Gallen Consensus Meeting had suggested to use Ki67 for classifying Luminal cancers since 2009. Still, uncertainty regarding the definition of highly proliferating tumors remains. In 2011, a cut-off of 14 % \[[@CR3]\] was proposed, on the basis of the study by Cheang et al. \[[@CR5]\], but 2 years later, it was upgraded to 20 % \[[@CR2]\]. In the same year, Denkert et al. \[[@CR13]\] proposed to considered Ki67 a continuum variable and suggested that the cut-points are context dependent and may change according to the prognostic or predictive role given to Ki67 itself. Thus, they suggested that the scientific community could define Ki67 cut-points depending on the study purpose \[[@CR14]\]. To solve the literature ambiguities, we evaluated Ki67 in a subset of patients with ER+ (Luminal) breast cancer, with the aim to verify its impact on prognosis. First of all, we calculated the median value of Ki67 in our case series, as suggested by the last Saint Gallen Consensus Meeting \[[@CR1]\] and showed that it corresponded to the value of 14 % identified by Cheang \[[@CR5]\] as able to discriminate Luminal A from Luminal B molecular subtypes. Patients with a low (\<14 %) and intermediate (14--19 %) Ki67 value showed a better DFI and DSS than those with higher Ki67 (≥20 %). As a consequence, when the purpose is to recognize high-risk patients, the 20 % cut-off is more reliable and reproducible than the 14 % cut-off. Moreover, Cserni et al. \[[@CR15]\] showed that, in the routine practice, the proportion of Ki67 positive cells "tends to cluster around values ending with 5 or 0," and accordingly, they proposed to select cut-off values ending with one of these two numbers. Although we confirm that Ki67 is a reliable marker for identifying patients at low and high risk of recurrences/death, we firmly believe that Ki67 percentage has to be assessed following International Guidelines \[[@CR16]\] and that the laboratory should be strictly subjected to local and external quality control assurance \[[@CR17]\]. Moreover, in line with several studies suggesting that one marker is not sufficient to stratify prognosis of breast cancer patients, we designed a comprehensive prognostic index combining Ki67 with tumor size and number of metastatic lymph nodes. This index was highly predictive of DSS and DFI, at both uni- and multivariate analyses, confirming that tumor burden and proliferative index remain the most important parameters in ER+ breast cancer prognosis, as suggested by several other studies \[[@CR18]--[@CR22]\]. Actually, both tumor size and the number of positive axillary lymph nodes are traditionally accepted as important prognostic factors in breast cancer patients \[[@CR23], [@CR24]\], and molecular tools such as Endopredict^®^ and PAM50^®^ include these parameters, in association with specific gene expression, to create a recurrence score called EPclin^®^ and Prosigna^®^ ROR score, respectively. Since a number of genes in these assays are related to proliferative index and to ER pathway, we can reasonably suggest that the use of our prognostic index in Luminal cancer could "surrogate" the multigene prognostic test results. In addition, we found that, within the subset of patients with a poor prognostic index (≥3), those treated with hormonal therapy alone showed a poorer DSS than those receiving also adjuvant chemotherapy. This result suggests that our prognostic index may be useful to identify patients that need a more aggressive treatment. Although our study is based on a retrospective and a monocentric dataset of patients, which could represent possible biases, in our Institute, two different pathologists, skilled in breast pathology, assess Ki67 expression, and treatment is decided during multidisciplinary meetings, allowing for discussion among different clinicians. In conclusion, we confirm the reliability of Ki67 as a prognostic marker in Luminal breast cancers, using a cut-off value of 20 %, and we stress the important role of Ki67 in the clinical management of patients. In addition, waiting for molecular test accessibility through the healthcare system, Ki67 together with tumor size and lymph nodal status may be useful to identify ER+ breast cancer patients with adverse prognostic outcome that need combined chemotherapy and hormonal therapy. ER : Estrogen receptor HER2 : Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 DFI : Disease-free interval DSS : Disease-specific survival PR : Progesterone receptor AIC : Akaike information criterion NCCN : National comprehensive cancer network Sara Bustreo and Simona Osella-Abate have contributed equally to this work. This study was funded by Rete Oncologica Piemonte e Valle d'Aosta (Health Research 2015); LILT---Lega Italiana per Lotta contro i Tumori, local section of Turin (HealthResearch 2014). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analyses, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Author's Contributions {#FPar1} ====================== Conception and design: SB, SOA, IC, MP, AP; Provision of study materials or patients: SB, PC, MD, MA, FP; Acquisition of data SB, PC, MD, MA, FP; Analysis and interpretation of data SB, SOA, IC. Writing, review, and/or revision of manuscript were performed by all authors. Conflict of interest {#FPar2} ==================== The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Blakeley Coull Discovering Mayan culture As a high school senior, Blakeley Coull of Columbus wasn’t planning on going to college so close to home. “I was looking as far away as the University of Washington in Seattle,” she says. “But I started going on college visits and came to LaGrange College for a senior day and fell in love. It’s been the perfect place for me and where God wanted me to be at this point in my life.” Early on in her college career at LaGrange, she took a world history class and was hooked. “I loved it; I loved the enthusiasm of the professors, and I loved just the feeling I got from being in the History Department,” Blakeley says. She soon honed her history interests to Greco-Roman Studies, taking Greek language courses and other classes to pursue her interest in Classical Studies. She even planned to travel to Greece during the college’s January Term, but when the trip fell one student short of having enough people to go, she quickly needed an alternative. “Dr. Lisa Crutchfield in the History Department told me that if I was interested in societies, then I should consider going with the Central America travel group, and the college even gave me a scholarship to go,” she says. “So I went on that trip, and in just nine short days, my entire life goal shifted. I became enthralled with Mayan culture and discovered a passion for archaeology through an extraordinary, life-changing trip.” Beginning this year, juniors and seniors were able to redeem $2,500 travel vouchers they received from LaGrange College to study away. Blakeley’s group traveled to Honduras, Guatemala and Mexico, and as they explored ancient tunnels, temples and other ruins, she discovered a passion for the history and culture of that part of the world. “We tend to put so much emphasis on European history because that’s where we come from; it’s what we know, and there’s not a lot of disconnect,” she says. “But with Mayan history, and Mesoamerican history in general, there’s a lot of disconnect and we’ve lost a lot of it. “When we were there, I saw how there’s so much more to discover, so much more to be done. You can literally walk through the Yucatan Peninsula and see hills. And if you see a hill, it’s a ruin. And if it’s a ruin, it’s something to be excavated. The beauty and the opportunities there just touched me in a way I did not see coming at all.” Up until this January, she had planned to write her senior thesis on some aspect of Greco-Roman history. Instead, Blakeley wrote her senior thesis on Mayan religion and syncretism, tracing Mayan religious beliefs from 700 A.D. to present-day Mayan culture. “When the Spanish invaded and enforced Catholicism, Mayans would adopt part of the Catholic tradition, such as the cross and the names of saints,” she says. “They would take that and infuse it with their own religious beliefs so they could preserve it.” Having just graduated from the college in May, Blakeley has applied to be an admissions counselor at the college and eventually wants to pursue a master’s degree in Mayan Studies and Archaeology while working in admissions at the college or university she attends. Blakeley says attending LaGrange College has been a better fit for her than going to a large college or university as some of her high school friends did. “Like at bigger schools, the professors here are concerned about their own research,” she says. “But they’re really concerned with your research, and they’re concerned about you as a person and how you’re growing and how you’re doing. I feel like that’s what college is really supposed to be. .... It’s supposed to be about focusing on bettering yourself and learning who you are and what you love. That’s what LaGrange has done for me.” Friends for the Journey LaGrange College attracts the best and the brightest from all over the world. For example, our most recent incoming class consisted of men and women from 19 states and 10 countries, and included: 76 members of Beta Club or the National Honor Society 71 members of service organizations 51 team captains in varsity sports 25 leaders involved in student government, with 11 presidents Three students involved in school publications, one as editor Two Eagle Scouts 20 musicians in band or orchestra 18 singers in choir 31 entertainers in performing arts 85 students in religious activities. But you don’t have to be a star in high school to succeed at LaGrange. Here, you’re given the opportunity to discover the best in yourself and find your destiny – all in a caring and supportive environment.
Q: How do I find the full history of a file? I need to know the full history of a file, like if someone changed or moved it to some other places since the time when it is created. A: In general, you can't. The metadata guaranteed to be stored is always that of the latest revision, and any other metadata could be overwritten at any moment. If your environment is potentially hostile, consider using an the kernel audit subsystem to audit and log the rename() and write() syscalls. This is fairly unwieldy, however, because you will log extreme volumes of data that you probably don't care about. You could also limit your auditing to a subset of files which you care about, if you like. If this is mostly for revision, consider using a version control system, like Git. This allows users to keep tabs on file states effectively through time, and is much more user friendly than navigating backwards through an audit log. It can do all the things you asked for, and much more.
This invention relates generally to electronically controlled fuel injection systems and, more particularly, to a method and apparatus for accurately delivering multiple separate fuel injections to the cylinders of an internal combustion engine during a fuel injection event based upon engine operating conditions when the engine experiences an acceleration or when two fuel injection events are separated by a short period of time. Electronically controlled direct fuel injection devices such as electronically controlled fuel injectors are well known in the art including both hydraulically actuated electronically controlled fuel injectors as well as mechanically actuated electronically controlled fuel injectors. Electronically controlled fuel injectors typically inject fuel into a specific engine cylinder in response to an electronic fuel injection signal received from an electronic fuel injection control device (controller) or system. These signals define waveforms that are indicative of a desired injection rate as well as the desired timing and quantity of fuel to be injected into the cylinders. Emission regulations pertaining to engine exhaust emissions are becoming more restrictive throughout the world including, for example, restrictions on the emission of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, the release of particulates, and the release of nitrogen oxides (NOx). Tailoring the electronic fuel injection current signal waveform and the resulting number of injections and the injection rate of fuel to a combustion chamber during a combustion cycle of the cylinder, as well as the quantity and timing of such fuel injections, is one way to improve emissions and meet higher emissions standards. As a result, many different multiple fuel injection techniques, wherein the electronic fuel injection signal waveform comprises a plurality of distinct fuel injection signals, have been utilized to modify the bum characteristics of the combustion process in an attempt to reduce emission and noise levels. Some techniques involve the use of multiple fuel injections into a single cylinder during a single engine operating cycle, and typically involve splitting the total fuel delivery to the cylinder during a particular engine operating cycle into separate fuel injections. Such injections may include a pilot injection, a main injection, and an anchor injection, where three injections of fuel (a three shot injection) are desired to achieve a desired performance. Each of these fuel injections may also be referred to generally as a xe2x80x9cshotxe2x80x9d. The xe2x80x9ccontrol current signalxe2x80x9d (electronic fuel injection current signal), also may be referred to simply as a xe2x80x9cfuel injection signalxe2x80x9d to a fuel injector indicative of an injection or delivery of fuel to the engine. At different engine operating conditions, it may be necessary to use different injection strategies in order to achieve both desired engine performance and emissions control. For example, any of a variety of multiple fuel injection techniques may be utilized at certain steady-state engine operating conditions, including low engine speed and low engine load, while other techniques may be utilized at different engine operating conditions requiring high speed or torque. In the past, the controllability of a multiple fuel injection or split injection event has been somewhat restricted by mechanical and other limitations associated with the particular types of injectors utilized. Even with more advanced electronically controlled injectors, during certain engine operating conditions, it is sometimes difficult to accurately control fuel delivery. As used throughout this disclosure, an xe2x80x9cinjection eventxe2x80x9d is defined as the activity, including the injection of one or more shots, that occur in a particular cylinder or combustion chamber during one operating or combustion cycle of the engine (a xe2x80x9ccylinder cyclexe2x80x9d). For example, one cycle of a four stroke engine for a particular cylinder includes an intake stroke, compression stroke, expansion stroke, and exhaust stroke. Therefore, the injection event in a four stroke engine includes the number of injections, or shots, that occur in a cylinder during the four strokes of the piston. As used in the art, and throughout this disclosure, an xe2x80x9cengine operating cyclexe2x80x9d includes the individual cylinder cycles for the cylinders included therein. For example, an engine operating cycle for a six cylinder engine will include six individual cylinder cycles, one for each of the cylinders of the engine (with each cylinder cycle having four strokes, for a total of 24 strokes). Generally, the cylinder cycles overlap, so that the beginning of the next successive cylinder cycle of a particular cylinder might begin prior to the completion of the beginning of the next engine operating cycle. U.S. Pat. No. 5,901,682 to McGee et al., which is commonly assigned to the Assignee hereof, describes a direct fuel injection compression ignition engine and a process for transitioning between different engine operating modes. The ""682 patent describes calculating a weighted average transition fuel rate for smoothly transitioning between operating modes. The ""682 patent does not, however, describe transitioning between a mode having a first characteristic injection shape, especially a split injection configuration or mode, and a mode having a second characteristic injection shape, especially a boot injection configuration or mode. Desired engine performance is not always achieved at all engine speeds and engine load conditions using previously known fuel injection strategies where, based upon engine operating conditions, the injection timing, number and duration of shots, fuel flow rate and the injected fuel volume are determined in order to reduce emissions and improve fuel consumption. As a result, problems such as injecting fuel too rapidly within a given injection event and/or allowing fuel to be injected beyond a desired stopping point can adversely affect system stability, emission outputs and fuel economy. In a fuel control system for an internal combustion engine in which one or multiple shots may be used in a given injection event and different injection signal waveforms are achievable, it is desirable to control and deliver any number of separate fuel injection shots to a particular cylinder so as to minimize emissions and fuel consumption based upon the operating conditions of the engine at that particular point in time, e.g. changes in speed, load, or ambient conditions. Such strategies may include splitting the fuel injection into two or more separate fuel shots during a particular injection event, advancing the pilot shot during the injection event, and adjusting the timing between the various multiple fuel injection shots in order to achieve desired emissions and desired fuel consumption. In some situations, it is also desirable to rate shape the front end of the fuel delivery to the cylinder to control the burn characteristics of the particular fuel being utilized. However, in some situations the particular shot duration or the fuel quantity for a given shot may be so small that it is not practical to inject the particular shot. By way of example, during certain acceleration events, not all of the fuel delivered to the engine in the distinct fuel shots of a multi-shot fuel injection event is combusted for a variety of reasons. In one such event where a turbo charger is used, during an acceleration event the air mass delivered to the engine is lower because the turbo charger device associated with the engine has to spin up to deliver a greater quantity of air corresponding to the increase in the fuel. When a rich fuel mixture is introduced into the cylinder, more fuel is likely to contact the cylinder walls than with a comparatively leaner fuel mixture. Because a cylinder""s walls are typically cooler in comparison to the interior of the cylinder, the fuel does not combust but instead mixes with the cylinder wall lubricating oil. This fuel deteriorates the lubricating quality of the engine oil and adversely impacts the fuel efficiency of the engine. Furthermore, such uncombusted fuel may be emitted in the form of hydrocarbons, which are a pollutant and therefore an undesirable component of an engine""s emissions. Further during an acceleration event, the time window used for fuel injection events may decrease. Thus, it becomes more difficult to inject multiple shots into a shrinking time window for a cylinder as engine speed increases. Rapidly changing engine speed can cause timing errors for all shots and in particular for shots that are placed at a particular piston position (crank angle). However, this is especially applicable to the anchor shot since it occurs a time delay after the main shot. As a result, the time interval between shots, or the time difference between the end of one fuel shot in a particular fuel injection event and the beginning of a subsequent fuel shot in the same fuel injection event, decreases. Therefore, it becomes increasingly important to deliver the individual fuel shots accurately as the timing between fuel shots becomes shorter. Further, because the injectors in a given engine may have widely varying performance characteristics, and the quantity of fuel injected may vary despite commands of the same time duration, there is a need to provide stability to the operation of the injectors, particularly during periods where the mode of injector operation must transition from one mode to another mode. Additional problems may be observed where the transition is from a one mode used for low speed operating conditions, and another mode, used for higher speed operating conditions. For example, xe2x80x9cgas ingestionxe2x80x9d by the fuel injector may occur when the pressure in the cylinder or combustion chamber is greater than the pressure in the fuel injector tip, e.g., during combustion of the main shot when an injector attempts to inject fuel into the cylinder. When an injector attempts to inject fuel under these conditions, hot gasses are blown into the injector from the cylinder, causing a void in fuel flow through the injector. Then, when the injector attempts to force fuel out of the injector nozzle (inject fuel), the injector tip will be forced into the injector tip check, damaging the injector. Transitioning between modes can cause gas ingestion. Moreover, the changing engine speed under acceleration conditions corresponds to a change in the crank angle (timing) for injecting the particular fuel shot. Therefore, the desired angle previously determined for the injection of each fuel shot in each fuel injection event (prior to the acceleration conditions) might be slightly offset from the desired angle of injection after acceleration conditions. Such a situation is not desirable because offset fuel injection shots may detrimentally impact the engine""s performance, efficiency, and emissions. It is therefore desirable to provide an apparatus and method to control the delivery of fuel to an engine to control emissions during acceleration and deceleration. Accordingly, the present invention is directed to overcoming one or more of the problems as set forth above. In one aspect of the present invention, an apparatus and method are disclosed for controlling a fuel injection system, which is adapted to operate in at least a split injection mode and a boot injection mode, and which comprises steps or means for determining whether an acceleration condition exists, and on the basis of such determination, rapidly changing from a split injection mode to a boot injection mode. In another aspect of the present invention A fuel injection control system and/or a controller is operative to identify an acceleration condition on the basis of at least one sensed acceleration-related engine operating condition, and to rapidly change the fuel injection mode for at least one fuel injector from the split fuel injection mode to the boot fuel injection mode. The fuel injection control system and/or a controller is also operable to determine a rail pressure, whether the rail pressure is within a predetermined limit, and on that basis, to modify at least one of a main fuel injection signal timing and an anchor fuel injection signal timing such that a resulting multiple fuel injection has a boot injection shape. Another aspect of the present invention describes a method and apparatus for controlling a fuel injection system to partition fuel output delivery to a plurality of direct fuel injection devices which transitions fuel delivery between the desired first injection characteristic shape and the desired second injection characteristic shape based on engine operating parameters.
function V = ReferenceVectorRegeneration(PopObj,V) % Reference vector regeneration %------------------------------- Copyright -------------------------------- % Copyright (c) 2018-2019 BIMK Group. You are free to use the PlatEMO for % research purposes. All publications which use this platform or any code % in the platform should acknowledge the use of "PlatEMO" and reference "Ye % Tian, Ran Cheng, Xingyi Zhang, and Yaochu Jin, PlatEMO: A MATLAB platform % for evolutionary multi-objective optimization [educational forum], IEEE % Computational Intelligence Magazine, 2017, 12(4): 73-87". %-------------------------------------------------------------------------- PopObj = PopObj - repmat(min(PopObj,[],1),size(PopObj,1),1); [~,associate] = max(1-pdist2(PopObj,V,'cosine'),[],2); inValid = setdiff(1:size(V,1),associate); V(inValid,:) = rand(length(inValid),size(V,2)).*repmat(max(PopObj,[],1),length(inValid),1); end
. Please use soft cloth for general cleaning.. Please keep your cufflinks in a dry and clean environment.. Store the cufflinks in storage cases. Store the cufflinks separately so as to not scratch other jewelry items. Our Story: Fashion is a lifestyle, not only for women, but also for men. More and more gentlemen show interest in fashion accessories to express their personality and fashion taste. A good accessory can be timeless, elegant and modern. After working in men’s accessories for more than 14 years, with our rich experiences in manufacture and export for many international brands, our own brand “CUFF IT” was established. CUFF IT is aimed at providing gentlemen with high-end, stylish and classic cufflinks, tie clips, lapel pins and other accessories. We have creative design team to study the latest fashion trends; professional workers to manufacture high-quality products; excellent sales and after-sales team to provide pleasant customer service.
[The value of life. Development of an assessment system for therapeutic strategies]. The wide therapeutic supply which a present is available for diverse disorders, together with a excess of indiscriminate scientific information, occasionally complicates the possibility of acquiring a wide experience in the treatment of certain patients (limited experience). To acquire genuinely useful experience, it is necessary to accumulate simiular experiences from our environment, with it being necessary to precisely define, in an objective manner, concepts which until now are difficult to quantify (risk of mortality or morbidity, survival, quality of life, etc.). The definition of these parameters, shall favor the creation of homogenous groups (isoseverity indices), which is the first step in the evaluation of more complex conceps, such as; quality of life, increase of life expectancy, quality adjusted life years (QALY's), and beneficial application, all of which validated in diverse hospital media. Based on the previous, we would obtain other calculated parameters; the benefit (of the patient), the use (of the procedure), and the efficacy (of the physician or the unit). Once these parameters have been standarized, it shall be possible to compare them with the results published in other media, considered to be standards, with the aim of establishing the corresponding self-evaluation. The evaluation of the cost of each process, is a compulsory procedure, to produce, if possible, based on the previous results, a better distribution of the means without a decrease in the quality of assistance. With the aim of evaluating the results in an objective and quantifiable manner, we have worked these last years on developing assessment applied to the evaluation of predictive and isoseverity indices, such as the cost/benefit evaluation in critical, geriatric, and oncological patients, and in those with artificial nutrition in the home. The fruit of this labor has come together in the production of a computerized information system (SAETA), which builds de previously validated modules into is structure, thus permiting the storage and subsequent multifactoral analysis of the results.
Pakistan PM lays stone of Kartarpur corridor TEHRAN_While India has categorically stated that Prime Minister Narendra Modi will not be attending the SAARC Summit in Islamabad, some Indian union ministers on Wednesday attended the foundation laying ceremony of Kartarpur corridor in Pakistan. Kartarpur Sahib in Pakistan is located across the river Ravi, about four kilometres from the Dera Baba Nanak shrine. It was established by the Sikh Guru in 1522. The first Gurdwara, Gurdwara Kartarpur Sahib, was built here, where Guru Nanak Dev is said to have died. The Kartarpur Corridor, which will facilitate the visa-free travel of Indian Sikh pilgrims to Gurdwara Darbar Sahib in Kartarpur, is expected to be completed within six months. Pakistan Foreign Office Spokesperson Muhammad Faisal told the media in Islamabad on Wednesday that the opening of Karatarpur border was the historic step for welfare of minorities. “It shows that Pakistan takes care of minorities,” he said. He credited PM Khan for the initiative to open the border for Sikhs pilgrims and said it was widely appreciated by the people including in India. He said the corridor will facilitate Sikh pilgrims to visit their holiest sites in Pakistan.
Q: Convert Library to JavaScript closure I have an external library of JavaScript functions that I need to pull into my server-side Google Apps Script project. I'm doing this mainly for performance reasons, but also because Google now recommends against using external libs. In the current configuration, functions in the external library are referenced by <Libname>.funcName(), and any globals in the library are likewise contained, e.g. <Libname>.globA. If I just copy the library into a file in my project, those functions (and "globals") would be referenced as funcName() alone. I've got hundreds of such references in my project that potentially need to change. That's fine; it's something a global search & replace can address. However, I have worries about "namespace" problems... Since the library is third-party code, I've had no control over it, and now I'm running into name collisions, as objects and functions in the library have the same names as some of my code. How can I pull this code into my project in a way that will keep its internal details separate from my code? Is there a way to do that and retain the current naming convention, <Libname>.funcName()? I believe that JavaScript closures are the right solution, but don't know enough about them. My project, Code.gs var globA = { key: 'aKey', value: 'valA' }; function myFunction() { var a = MyLib.getValue(); Logger.log( JSON.stringify( a ) ); // { key: 'libKey', value: 'valLibA' }; } function getValue() { return globA; } Library "MyLib", Code.gs var globA = { key: 'libKey', value: 'valLibA' }; function getValue( ) { return globA; } A: There are two ways to solve this. You could use browserify to convert a node library into a piece of code that can simply be pasted into the apps script editor. Or you wrap the code yourself using an immediately invoked function expression. Like this: var MyLib = (function() { var globA = { key: 'libKey', value: 'valLibA' }; function getValue( ) { return globA; } return { globA: globA, getValue: getValue } })(); btw. if you create several .gs files, the code/definitions in them will be executed in the order the file names are displayed on the left side of the editor.
Sugar-sweetened beverages and body weight. Given the high prevalence of obesity in the USA, much recent attention has focused on dietary strategies for weight control. Several medical and scientific societies currently recommend reducing consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). However, the evidence base for a public health recommendation has been a topic of debate. The purpose of this review is not to underscore the debate but rather to consider how recently published data pertaining to SSBs contribute to the evidence base for preventing and treating obesity, with application to caring for patients. Consumption of SSBs remains prevalent in the USA. Emerging data from epidemiological studies and clinical trials indicate that consumption contributes to positive energy balance and reducing consumption has beneficial effects on body weight. Some individuals may be more susceptible to the adverse effects of consuming SSBs owing to their ethnicity or genetic predisposition. Plausible physiological mechanisms link consumption of SSBs with weight control. Available data provide an evidence base for counselling patients to reduce consumption of SSBs. Nevertheless, additional research is needed to strengthen the evidence base, particularly studies aimed at understanding susceptibility to the adverse effects of consuming SSBs on body weight and mechanisms for these effects.
Multimodal safety assessment of measles-mumps-rubella vaccination after pediatric liver transplantation. Live-attenuated vaccines are currently contraindicated in solid-organ transplant recipients. However, the risk of vaccine-preventable infections is lifelong, and can be particularly severe after transplantation. In this prospective interventional national cohort study, 44 pediatric liver transplant recipients with measles IgG antibodies <150 IU/L (below seroprotection threshold) received measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR) at a median of 6.3 years posttransplantation (interquartile range, 4.0 to 10.9). A maximum of two additional doses were administered in nonresponders or when seroprotection was lost. Vaccine responses occurred in 98% (95% confidence interval [CI], 88-100) of patients. Seroprotection at 1-, 2-, and 3-year follow-up reached 62% (95% CI, 45-78), 86% (95% CI, 70-95), and 89% (95% CI, 67-99), respectively. All patients responded appropriately to the booster dose(s). Vaccinations were well tolerated and no serious adverse event attributable to vaccination was identified during the 8-week follow-up period (or later), using a multimodal approach including standardized telephone interviews, diarized side effect reporting, and monitoring of vaccinal virus shedding. We conclude that live attenuated MMR vaccine can be administered in liver transplant recipients fulfilling specific eligibility criteria (>1 year posttransplantation, low immunosuppression, lymphocyte count ≥0.75 G/L), inducing seroprotection in most subjects. (Clinicaltrials.gov number NCT01770119).
// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. // Licensed under the MIT License. // IMPORTANT: Before updating this file // please read react-native-windows repo: // vnext/Microsoft.ReactNative.Cxx/README.md #include "pch.h" #include "JSValue.h" #include <cctype> #include <iomanip> #include <set> #include <sstream> #include <string_view> #undef min #undef max namespace winrt::Microsoft::ReactNative { //=========================================================================== // JSValue type conversion helpers. //=========================================================================== namespace { struct JSConverter { static constexpr char const NullString = "null"; static constexpr char const ObjectString = "[object Object]"; static constexpr char const WhiteSpace = " \n\r\t\f\v"; static const std::set<std::string> StringToBoolean; static std::string LowerString(std::string const &value) noexcept { std::string result{value}; std::transform( result.begin(), result.end(), result.begin(), [](char ch) { return static_cast<char>(std::tolower(ch)); }); return result; } static std::string_view TrimString(std::string_view value) noexcept { size_t start = value.find_first_not_of(WhiteSpace); if (start == std::string::npos) { return ""; } size_t end = value.find_last_not_of(WhiteSpace); return {value.data() + start, end - start + 1}; } static char const ToCString(bool value) noexcept { return value ? "true" : "false"; } static char const NaNToCString(double value) noexcept { if (std::isnan(value)) { return "NaN"; } else if (value == std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity()) { return "Infinity"; } else if (value == -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity()) { return "-Infinity"; } else { return nullptr; } } static std::string ToJSString(double value) noexcept { if (std::isfinite(value)) { std::stringstream ss; ss << value; return ss.str(); } else { return NaNToCString(value); } } static std::ostream &WriteJSString(std::ostream &stream, double value) noexcept { if (std::isfinite(value)) { return stream << value; } else { return stream << NaNToCString(value); } } static bool ToBoolean(std::string const &value) noexcept { auto key = LowerString(value); auto it = StringToBoolean.find(key); return it != StringToBoolean.end(); } static double ToJSNumber(std::string_view value) noexcept { auto trimmed = TrimString(value); if (trimmed.empty()) { return 0; } char end; double result = strtod(trimmed.data(), &end); return (end == trimmed.data() + trimmed.size()) ? result : std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); } static int64_t ToInt64(double value) noexcept { return (std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::min() <= value && value <= std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::max()) ? static_cast<int64_t>(value) : 0; } }; /static/ const std::set<std::string> JSConverter::StringToBoolean{"true", "1", "yes", "y", "on"}; struct JSValueLogWriter { static constexpr char const IndentString = " "; JSValueLogWriter(std::ostream &stream) noexcept : m_stream{stream} {} static std::string ToString(JSValue const &value) noexcept { std::stringstream stream; JSValueLogWriter writer{stream}; writer.WriteValue(value); return stream.str(); } JSValueLogWriter &WriteIndent() noexcept { for (size_t i = 0; i < m_indent; ++i) { m_stream << IndentString; } return this; } JSValueLogWriter &WriteLine() noexcept { m_stream << '\n'; return WriteIndent(); } JSValueLogWriter &Write(std::string_view value) noexcept { m_stream << value; return this; } JSValueLogWriter &WriteQuotedString(std::string_view value) noexcept { auto writeChar = [](std::ostream & stream, char ch) noexcept->std::ostream & { switch (ch) { case '"': return stream << "\\\""; case '\\': return stream << "\\\\"; case '\b': return stream << "\\b"; case '\f': return stream << "\\f"; case '\n': return stream << "\\n"; case '\r': return stream << "\\r"; case '\t': return stream << "\\t"; default: if ('\x00' <= ch && ch <= '\x1f') { // Non-printable ASCII characters. return stream << "\\u" << std::hex << std::setw(4) << std::setfill('0') << (int)ch; } else { return stream << ch; } } }; m_stream << '"'; for (auto ch : value) { writeChar(m_stream, ch); } m_stream << '"'; return this; } JSValueLogWriter &WriteSeparator(bool &start) noexcept { if (start) { start = false; } else { m_stream << ","; } return this; } JSValueLogWriter &WriteObject(JSValueObject const &value) noexcept { if (value.empty()) { return Write("{}"); } Write("{"); ++m_indent; bool start = true; for (auto const &prop : value) { WriteSeparator(start).WriteLine(); Write(prop.first).Write(": ").WriteValue(prop.second); } --m_indent; return WriteLine().Write("}"); } JSValueLogWriter &WriteArray(JSValueArray const &value) noexcept { if (value.empty()) { return Write("[]"); } Write("["); ++m_indent; bool start = true; for (auto const &item : value) { WriteSeparator(start).WriteLine(); WriteValue(item); } --m_indent; return WriteLine().Write("]"); } JSValueLogWriter &WriteValue(JSValue const &value) noexcept { if (value.IsNull()) { return Write(JSConverter::NullString); } else if (auto objectPtr = value.TryGetObject()) { return WriteObject(objectPtr); } else if (auto arrayPtr = value.TryGetArray()) { return WriteArray(arrayPtr); } else if (auto stringPtr = value.TryGetString()) { return WriteQuotedString(stringPtr); } else if (auto boolPtr = value.TryGetBoolean()) { return Write(JSConverter::ToCString(boolPtr)); } else if (auto int64Ptr = value.TryGetInt64()) { return (m_stream << int64Ptr, this); } else if (auto doublePtr = value.TryGetDouble()) { return (JSConverter::WriteJSString(m_stream, doublePtr), this); } else { VerifyElseCrashSz(false, "Unexpected JSValue type"); } } private: size_t m_indent{0}; std::ostream &m_stream; }; } // namespace //=========================================================================== // JSValueObject implementation //=========================================================================== JSValueObject::JSValueObject(std::initializer_list<JSValueObjectKeyValue> initObject) noexcept { for (auto const &item : initObject) { this->try_emplace(std::string(item.Key), std::move(const_cast<JSValue >(&item.Value))); } } JSValueObject::JSValueObject(std::map<std::string, JSValue, std::less<>> &&other) noexcept : map{std::move(other)} {} JSValueObject JSValueObject::Copy() const noexcept { JSValueObject object; for (auto const &property : this) { object.try_emplace(property.first, property.second.Copy()); } return object; } JSValue &JSValueObject::operator[](std::string_view propertyName) noexcept { // When we search for a node we do no want to convert string_view to a string. auto it = lower_bound(propertyName); if (it != end() && !key_comp()(propertyName, it->first)) { return it->second; } else { return emplace_hint(it, propertyName, nullptr)->second; } } JSValue const &JSValueObject::operator[](std::string_view propertyName) const noexcept { auto it = find(propertyName); if (it != end()) { return it->second; } return JSValue::Null; } bool JSValueObject::Equals(JSValueObject const &other) const noexcept { if (size() != other.size()) { return false; } // std::map keeps key-values in an ordered sequence. // Make sure that pairs are matching at the same position. auto otherIt = other.begin(); for (auto const &property : this) { auto it = otherIt++; if (property.first != it->first \|\| !property.second.Equals(it->second)) { return false; } } return true; } bool JSValueObject::JSEquals(JSValueObject const &other) const noexcept { if (size() != other.size()) { return false; } // std::map keeps key-values in an ordered sequence. // Make sure that pairs are matching at the same position. auto otherIt = other.begin(); for (auto const &property : this) { auto it = otherIt++; if (property.first != it->first \|\| !property.second.JSEquals(it->second)) { return false; } } return true; } /static/ JSValueObject JSValueObject::ReadFrom(IJSValueReader const &reader) noexcept { JSValueObject object; if (reader.ValueType() == JSValueType::Object) { hstring propertyName; while (reader.GetNextObjectProperty(/ref/ propertyName)) { object.try_emplace(to_string(propertyName), JSValue::ReadFrom(reader)); } } return object; } void JSValueObject::WriteTo(IJSValueWriter const &writer) const noexcept { writer.WriteObjectBegin(); for (auto const &property : this) { writer.WritePropertyName(to_hstring(property.first)); property.second.WriteTo(writer); } writer.WriteObjectEnd(); } //=========================================================================== // JSValueArray implementation //=========================================================================== JSValueArray::JSValueArray(size_type size) noexcept { reserve(size); for (size_type i = 0; i < size; ++i) { emplace_back(nullptr); } } JSValueArray::JSValueArray(size_type size, JSValue const &defaultValue) noexcept { reserve(size); for (size_type i = 0; i < size; ++i) { push_back(defaultValue.Copy()); } } JSValueArray::JSValueArray(std::initializer_list<JSValueArrayItem> initArray) noexcept { for (auto const &item : initArray) { this->push_back(std::move(const_cast<JSValue >(&item.Item))); } } JSValueArray::JSValueArray(std::vector<JSValue> &&other) noexcept : vector{std::move(other)} {} JSValueArray JSValueArray::Copy() const noexcept { JSValueArray array; array.reserve(size()); for (auto const &item : this) { array.push_back(item.Copy()); } return array; } bool JSValueArray::Equals(JSValueArray const &other) const noexcept { if (size() != other.size()) { return false; } auto otherIt = other.begin(); for (auto const &item : this) { if (!item.Equals(otherIt++)) { return false; } } return true; } bool JSValueArray::JSEquals(JSValueArray const &other) const noexcept { if (size() != other.size()) { return false; } auto otherIt = other.begin(); for (auto const &item : this) { if (!item.JSEquals(otherIt++)) { return false; } } return true; } /static/ JSValueArray JSValueArray::ReadFrom(IJSValueReader const &reader) noexcept { JSValueArray array; if (reader.ValueType() == JSValueType::Array) { while (reader.GetNextArrayItem()) { array.push_back(JSValue::ReadFrom(reader)); } } return array; } void JSValueArray::WriteTo(IJSValueWriter const &writer) const noexcept { writer.WriteArrayBegin(); for (const JSValue &item : this) { item.WriteTo(writer); } writer.WriteArrayEnd(); } //=========================================================================== // JSValue implementation //=========================================================================== /static/ JSValue const JSValue::Null; /static/ JSValue const JSValue::EmptyObject{JSValueObject{}}; /static/ JSValue const JSValue::EmptyArray{JSValueArray{}}; /static/ JSValue const JSValue::EmptyString{std::string{}}; #pragma warning(push) #pragma warning(disable : 26495) // False positive for union member not initialized JSValue::JSValue(JSValue &&other) noexcept : m_type{other.m_type} { switch (m_type) { case JSValueType::Object: new (&m_object) JSValueObject(std::move(other.m_object)); break; case JSValueType::Array: new (&m_array) JSValueArray(std::move(other.m_array)); break; case JSValueType::String: new (&m_string) std::string(std::move(other.m_string)); break; case JSValueType::Boolean: m_bool = other.m_bool; break; case JSValueType::Int64: m_int64 = other.m_int64; break; case JSValueType::Double: m_double = other.m_double; break; } other.m_type = JSValueType::Null; other.m_int64 = 0; } #pragma warning(pop) JSValue::~JSValue() noexcept { switch (m_type) { case JSValueType::Object: m_object.~JSValueObject(); break; case JSValueType::Array: m_array.~JSValueArray(); break; case JSValueType::String: m_string.~basic_string(); break; case JSValueType::Boolean: case JSValueType::Int64: case JSValueType::Double: case JSValueType::Null: break; } m_type = JSValueType::Null; m_int64 = 0; } JSValue &JSValue::operator=(JSValue &&other) noexcept { if (this != &other) { this->~JSValue(); new (this) JSValue(std::move(other)); } return this; } JSValue JSValue::Copy() const noexcept { switch (m_type) { case JSValueType::Object: return JSValue{m_object.Copy()}; case JSValueType::Array: return JSValue{m_array.Copy()}; case JSValueType::String: return JSValue{std::string(m_string)}; case JSValueType::Boolean: return JSValue{m_bool}; case JSValueType::Int64: return JSValue{m_int64}; case JSValueType::Double: return JSValue{m_double}; default: return JSValue{}; } } JSValueObject JSValue::MoveObject() noexcept { JSValueObject result; if (m_type == JSValueType::Object) { result = std::move(m_object); m_type = JSValueType::Null; m_int64 = 0; } return result; } JSValueArray JSValue::MoveArray() noexcept { JSValueArray result; if (m_type == JSValueType::Array) { result = std::move(m_array); m_type = JSValueType::Null; m_int64 = 0; } return result; } std::string JSValue::AsString() const noexcept { switch (m_type) { case JSValueType::Null: return JSConverter::NullString; case JSValueType::String: return m_string; case JSValueType::Boolean: return JSConverter::ToCString(m_bool); case JSValueType::Int64: return std::to_string(m_int64); case JSValueType::Double: return JSConverter::ToJSString(m_double); default: return ""; } } bool JSValue::AsBoolean() const noexcept { switch (m_type) { case JSValueType::Object: return !m_object.empty(); case JSValueType::Array: return !m_array.empty(); case JSValueType::String: return JSConverter::ToBoolean(m_string); case JSValueType::Boolean: return m_bool; case JSValueType::Int64: return m_int64 != 0; case JSValueType::Double: return !std::isnan(m_double) && m_double != 0; default: return false; } } int64_t JSValue::AsInt64() const noexcept { switch (m_type) { case JSValueType::String: return JSConverter::ToInt64(JSConverter::ToJSNumber(m_string)); case JSValueType::Boolean: return m_bool ? 1 : 0; case JSValueType::Int64: return m_int64; case JSValueType::Double: return JSConverter::ToInt64(m_double); default: return 0; } } double JSValue::AsDouble() const noexcept { switch (m_type) { case JSValueType::String: return JSConverter::ToJSNumber(m_string); case JSValueType::Boolean: return m_bool ? 1 : 0; case JSValueType::Int64: return static_cast<double>(m_int64); case JSValueType::Double: return m_double; default: return 0; } } std::string JSValue::AsJSString() const noexcept { struct JSStringWriter { static std::ostream &Write(std::ostream &os, JSValue const &node) noexcept { switch (node.m_type) { case JSValueType::Null: return os << JSConverter::NullString; case JSValueType::Object: return os << JSConverter::ObjectString; case JSValueType::Array: { bool start = true; for (auto const &item : node.m_array) { if (start) { start = false; } else { os << ","; } JSStringWriter::Write(os, item); } return os; } case JSValueType::String: return os << node.m_string; case JSValueType::Boolean: return os << JSConverter::ToCString(node.m_bool); case JSValueType::Int64: return os << node.m_int64; case JSValueType::Double: return JSConverter::WriteJSString(os, node.m_double); default: return os; } } }; switch (m_type) { case JSValueType::Null: return JSConverter::NullString; case JSValueType::Object: return JSConverter::ObjectString; case JSValueType::Array: { std::stringstream stream; JSStringWriter::Write(stream, this); return stream.str(); } case JSValueType::String: return m_string; case JSValueType::Boolean: return JSConverter::ToCString(m_bool); case JSValueType::Int64: return std::to_string(m_int64); case JSValueType::Double: return JSConverter::ToJSString(m_double); default: return ""; } } bool JSValue::AsJSBoolean() const noexcept { switch (m_type) { case JSValueType::Object: case JSValueType::Array: return true; case JSValueType::String: return !m_string.empty(); case JSValueType::Boolean: return m_bool; case JSValueType::Int64: return m_int64 != 0; case JSValueType::Double: return !std::isnan(m_double) && m_double != 0; default: return false; } } double JSValue::AsJSNumber() const noexcept { switch (m_type) { case JSValueType::Object: return std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); case JSValueType::Array: switch (m_array.size()) { case 0: return 0; case 1: return JSConverter::ToJSNumber(m_array[0].AsJSString()); default: return std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN(); } case JSValueType::String: return JSConverter::ToJSNumber(m_string); case JSValueType::Boolean: return m_bool ? 1 : 0; case JSValueType::Int64: return static_cast<double>(m_int64); case JSValueType::Double: return m_double; default: return 0; } } std::string JSValue::ToString() const noexcept { switch (m_type) { case JSValueType::Null: return JSConverter::NullString; case JSValueType::Object: case JSValueType::Array: case JSValueType::String: return JSValueLogWriter::ToString(this); case JSValueType::Boolean: return JSConverter::ToJSString(m_bool); case JSValueType::Int64: return std::to_string(m_int64); case JSValueType::Double: return JSConverter::ToJSString(m_double); default: VerifyElseCrashSz(false, "Unexpected JSValue type"); } } size_t JSValue::PropertyCount() const noexcept { return (m_type == JSValueType::Object) ? m_object.size() : 0; } JSValue const JSValue::TryGetObjectProperty(std::string_view propertyName) const noexcept { if (m_type == JSValueType::Object) { auto it = m_object.find(propertyName); if (it != m_object.end()) { return &it->second; } } return nullptr; } JSValue const &JSValue::GetObjectProperty(std::string_view propertyName) const noexcept { auto result = TryGetObjectProperty(propertyName); return result ? result : Null; } size_t JSValue::ItemCount() const noexcept { return (m_type == JSValueType::Array) ? m_array.size() : 0; } JSValue const JSValue::TryGetArrayItem(JSValueArray::size_type index) const noexcept { return (m_type == JSValueType::Array && index < m_array.size()) ? &m_array[index] : nullptr; } JSValue const &JSValue::GetArrayItem(JSValueArray::size_type index) const noexcept { auto result = TryGetArrayItem(index); return result ? result : Null; } bool JSValue::Equals(JSValue const &other) const noexcept { if (m_type != other.m_type) { return false; } switch (m_type) { case JSValueType::Null: return true; case JSValueType::Object: return m_object.Equals(other.m_object); case JSValueType::Array: return m_array.Equals(other.m_array); case JSValueType::String: return m_string == other.m_string; case JSValueType::Boolean: return m_bool == other.m_bool; case JSValueType::Int64: return m_int64 == other.m_int64; case JSValueType::Double: return m_double == other.m_double; default: return false; } } bool JSValue::JSEquals(JSValue const &other) const noexcept { if (m_type == other.m_type) { switch (m_type) { case JSValueType::Object: return m_object.JSEquals(other.m_object); case JSValueType::Array: return m_array.JSEquals(other.m_array); default: return Equals(other); } } else if (m_type == JSValueType::Null \|\| other.m_type == JSValueType::Null) { return false; } // If one of the types Boolean, Int64, or Double, then compare as Numbers, // otherwise compare as strings. JSValueType const greatestType = m_type > other.m_type ? m_type : other.m_type; if (greatestType >= JSValueType::Boolean) { return AsJSNumber() == other.AsJSNumber(); } else { return AsJSString() == other.AsJSString(); } } /static/ JSValue JSValue::ReadFrom(IJSValueReader const &reader) noexcept { switch (reader.ValueType()) { case JSValueType::Null: return JSValue(); case JSValueType::Object: return JSValue(JSValueObject::ReadFrom(reader)); case JSValueType::Array: return JSValue(JSValueArray::ReadFrom(reader)); case JSValueType::String: return JSValue(to_string(reader.GetString())); case JSValueType::Boolean: return JSValue(reader.GetBoolean()); case JSValueType::Int64: return JSValue(reader.GetInt64()); case JSValueType::Double: return JSValue(reader.GetDouble()); default: VerifyElseCrashSz(false, "Unexpected JSValue type"); } } void JSValue::WriteTo(IJSValueWriter const &writer) const noexcept { switch (m_type) { case JSValueType::Null: return writer.WriteNull(); case JSValueType::Object: return m_object.WriteTo(writer); case JSValueType::Array: return m_array.WriteTo(writer); case JSValueType::String: return writer.WriteString(to_hstring(m_string)); case JSValueType::Boolean: return writer.WriteBoolean(m_bool); case JSValueType::Int64: return writer.WriteInt64(m_int64); case JSValueType::Double: return writer.WriteDouble(m_double); default: VerifyElseCrashSz(false, "Unexpected JSValue type"); } } } // namespace winrt::Microsoft::ReactNative
EXCLUSIVE: Get off the red carpet or get arrested was the message sent by Cannes Film Festival ushers Tuesday night to hundreds of ticket holders who were turned away from the premiere of Quentin Tarantino’s Once Upon a Time In Hollywood at the Grand Lumiere. After arriving a solid 30 minutes or more in advance of the red carpet’s 5:15 PM close time, roughly 100-200 balcony ticket holders — many who paid $1,000+ a ticket — were held at the edge of the red carpet for an hour, while orchestra and mezzanine ticket holders were fast-tracked into the venue even as the celebrity guests were arriving. After the Once Upon a Time cast entered, the balcony ticket holders were informed there were no more seats left in the house (even though we heard otherwise). I was one of those turned away, and keep in mind our tickets were scanned! This is a complete F-up on behalf of the festival, exemplifying its red carpet mismanagement and the overall pretension of the staff. It’s what everybody hates about Cannes, and the festival provided no acceptable answer as to why many were held back from entering the venue, even though they arrived early. Related Story 'Once Upon A Time In Hollywood' Gets 7-Minute Standing Ovation After Cannes Premiere Realize that many flee the annual festival on Tuesday, but with the Tarantino premiere doubling as the 25th anniversary of Tarantino’s Pulp Fiction at the fest, they decided to stay later and get gussied up. It’s hard to recall an A-list film festival overbooking a world premiere by so many people. Even a massive world premiere for Star Wars or a Marvel film (which takes over an entire block in Hollywood) has the celebrity and general attendees entry flow under control. One movie buyer who has been coming to the festival for a decade and who extended his stay in Cannes to catch the movie was among those to be turned away. “I was so disappointed. I’ve been coming to the festival for a decade,” he told Deadline. “There were at least one hundred people behind me who didn’t get in. I assume they all had tickets. I know many of them were industry. I changed my ticket to make sure I was here for this screening. I’ve never seen anything like that. It’s really bad form.” Could the Balcony guests still have entered the Grand Lumiere through the side entrance as the celebrities were entering the front? Of course, but as is standard in Cannes, there are too many foot soldiers at the festival and not enough chiefs willing to solve a crowd situation at hand. I informed the Cannes ushers that Sony reps were coming down to escort me into an open seat, but in robotic form they told me and the crowd to exit the GTL perimeter, or else the cops would force us out. Cannes needs to be more professional and courteous with their guests. Our tickets were scanned — that meant we were guaranteed seats. There’s no excuse. Cannes should be embarrassed because you don’t see this type of treatment at other global festivals like Sundance, Toronto or Berlin. There’s also a scenario here tonight where the festival fooled Sony with its premiere ticket allotment for the press. Paramount was able to secure reserved orchestra right-side seats in the Grand Lumiere for key press members and critics at the Rocketman premiere. Why then was Sony forced to give out unassigned Balcony seats to the press? Some of us had assignments, i.e., report on the atmosphere in the room and Tarantino’s anticipated standing-ovation speech. (Note: Sony didn’t have this problem at Cannes in 2016 when it premiered the Jodie Foster-George Clooney-Julia Roberts movie Money Monster.) In previous years, where ticketed guests enter the Grand Lumiere after the film has started (which is rare), the overflow is typically placed in an adjacent theater near the Palais theater, but that never occurred. The last time in memory when this happened was for the Francois Ozon film The Swimming Pool. This year’s festival has been a return to form in terms of the quality of movies on show. But the event has suffered PR-wise. This latest snafu follows the late release of the press and market screenings schedules and the cinema on the beach schedule. The festival has also had to contend with frustration from some quarters over Alain Delon receiving an Honorary Palme d’Or. The screen icon is controversial for allegedly hitting a woman in the past and for his right-wing views. Said one awards-season publicist to Deadline tonight: “What a hot mess. I got to Cannes this year and my badge was downgraded. The festival is so disorganized.” Andreas Wiseman contributed to this article.
Holy, epically wondrous! This Majestic Mars Landscape is stunning and The Spacecraft looks incredible! The designs, astronauts, rover, capsule, spacex, machinery, technology, spacesuits, helmets, interactions, telescope, wires, terrain, red rock, boulders, green life forms, mountains, ledges, cliffs, sky, stars, debris, wheels, windows, laser lights, plant life, flow, effects, movement, atmosphere, textures, hues, concept, composition, uniqueness, colors, lighting, style, and other details are also sensational! Amazingly radical work!
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5 -13795 Calculate -10-370. 3700 Product of -5 and 40. -200 -20.6 times 0.1 -2.06 Product of 0.74 and 100. 74 2-4.725 -9.45 0.130.0917 0.011921 Calculate 30.46. 1.38 What is -0.131 times 1.5? -0.1965 94 times 2 188 What is 0.5 times -0.2? -0.1 -7 times -836 5852 What is the product of 0.33 and 45? 14.85 Calculate 87-28. -2436 Work out 1.033 0.2. 0.2066 Multiply -258 and -6. 1548 What is the product of 0.4 and 0.29? 0.116 Work out 3 * 9.75. 29.25 What is -0.3 times -5.02? 1.506 Product of 0.1 and -0.41. -0.041 -0.85 times -2 1.7 Calculate -12.980.02. -0.2596 What is -0.08 times 770? -61.6 Work out -114 0.109. -12.426 What is -0.076 times 101? -7.676 0-73 0 Multiply -1.64 and 15. -24.6 Calculate -17111. -1711 Work out 0.4 * -7. -2.8 Work out 119 * -2. -238 Product of 6 and 16.8. 100.8 Multiply -3 and -50. 150 What is the product of -99 and -0.32? 31.68 What is -0.5 times -966? 483 1.4-0.0325 -0.0455 Work out -1.507 -0.2. 0.3014 What is 3 times -67.1? -201.3 0.48 * 0.1 0.048 46 * -13 -598 0.5 times 44 22 Work out -134 * 0.03. -4.02 What is -8.4 times 3? -25.2 Work out -0.5 * 1246. -623 Work out 13 * -48. -624 Calculate 2380. 760 Multiply 2.6 and -506. -1315.6 Calculate -1.084-4. 4.336 -0.08120.2 -0.01624 What is 0.4 times 0.0762? 0.03048 What is the product of -0.3 and -214.8? 64.44 Work out 390 0.5. 195 -0.2 * 361 -72.2 Multiply -0.2 and 168. -33.6 What is the product of -0.4 and -425? 170 -0.4 times 13.5 -5.4 Calculate -0.060. 0 4 -98 -392 -0.2641 -0.264 -95 times 0.3 -28.5 Calculate -0.05-11. 0.55 What is 175 times 0.1? 17.5 -0.05 times 0.012 -0.0006 Work out 4 * -0.087. -0.348 -15.934 times -5 79.67 1210.02 2.42 -6 times 3 -18 -88 times -0.05 4.4 What is 0.1996 times 5? 0.998 -0.03320.4 -0.01328 Calculate -1.74-1.15. 2.001 Work out 0.2 -0.731. -0.1462 Product of 2 and 1.918. 3.836 Calculate 130-0.8. -104 -20.047 -0.094 What is the product of -3 and -0.0466? 0.1398 Work out -3282 * -0.2. 656.4 Calculate 0.54. 2 Calculate 0.0420.09. 0.00378 0.10.74 0.074 Product of 3 and -98.2. -294.6 Multiply 0.1 and -0.029. -0.0029 Work out -164 5. -820 What is the product of -73 and 0.1? -7.3 -0.5 * 57 -28.5 Multiply -0.3 and 769. -230.7 Product of -0.00715 and 0.2. -0.00143 What is 0.4 times 2.611? 1.0444 -0.07 * 0.2 -0.014 -5 times -406 2030 -251.3-3 753.9 -13-12 156 What is -0.0172 times -0.2? 0.00344 Work out 0.05 * -231. -11.55 Multiply 1.58 and 0.4. 0.632 -189.78-2 379.56 Work out 0.4 9.04. 3.616 0.5-0.1486 -0.0743 What is -1754 times 0? 0 What is the product of -135 and -0.2? 27 What is -248 times -4? 992 0.4233 93.2 100.1 times 0.1 10.01 Work out 0.28 * -0.18. -0.0504 Work out 27 * 7.74. 208.98 -0.5 * 128 -64 Multiply 0.73 and -0.07. -0.0511 Product of 16 and -28. -448 What is the product of 0.059 and -0.49? -0.02891 Product of -8609 and 3. -25827 0.269 times -0.1 -0.0269 -169673 -50901 Calculate -4.3-5.9. 25.37 Multiply -0.4 and -1.45. 0.58 340.325 11.05 Product of 0.5 and 12.33. 6.165 Product of -3 and -0.03017. 0.09051 Calculate -0.01-30. 0.3 Product of 225 and 2. 450 Multiply -2 and -104. 208 Calculate -18-40.1. 721.8 Multiply -0.2 and -0.008. 0.0016 What is the product of -0.724 and 0.2? 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22.4 1 times 11 11 -805 times 0.11 -88.55 Calculate 2.6636. 15.978 What is -0.0912 times 0.03? -0.002736 Product of 17.5 and -1. -17.5 -0.12-0.19 0.0228 What is -1 times -42? 42 What is the product of -7 and 0.1? -0.7 Product of -175 and -1. 175 What is -36.8 times 0.5? -18.4 479-0.4 -191.6 Multiply 497 and -2. -994 What is the product of -19781 and 5? -98905 What is the product of -0.06 and -0.06? 0.0036 What is -2.86 times 15? -42.9 -6.613-1 6.613 What is -31.5 times -3? 94.5 Calculate -5.848-2. 11.696 What is 0.467 times -3? -1.401 Work out 7 0.0496. 0.3472 What is the product of 1 and -1.9? -1.9 -6 times -0.005 0.03 What is the product of 0.1 and 78? 7.8 -462 -92 Calculate 51161. 5805 1.88-6 -11.28 Multiply 704 and -1. -704 Product of -0.035 and -0.06. 0.0021 -985 times -1 985 Work out -0.4 -760. 304 -4 times 0.58 -2.32 0.4 * -4.39 -1.756 -543 -215 0.24 times -40 -9.6 Calculate -4.6-51. 234.6 Work out -0.373 * -0.08. 0.02984 What is the product of -6 and 0.11? -0.66 16.90.4 6.76 0.5 47 23.5 -0.039 * 1 -0.039 Product of -234.6 and -3. 703.8 -5 * -4 20 What is 0.3 times -54? 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1650 0.016 * 39 0.624 0.029 times 3 0.087 Work out 36.4 * 1. 36.4 98.06 * 0 0 Product of -0.049 and -213. 10.437 What is the product of -1 and -10.68? 10.68 -4990.3 -149.7 Calculate -0.1-2. 0.2 0.04 * 884 35.36 Work out -30 * -0.6. 18 What is -39.07 times 0.02? -0.7814 9.4 * 4 37.6 0.35.5 1.65 -424 4 -1696 -0.114.61 -1.461 What is the product of -5 and 72? -360 Product of 1 and -99.1. -99.1 What is the product of 1 and 40? 40 Work out 0.19 0.14. 0.0266 What is 5 times 89? 445 5 times 69.52 347.6 What is the product of -1748 a
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Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in general and defensins in particular are major effectors of the innate immunity with a broad range of immune modulatory and direct antimicrobial activities[@b1]. Defensins are a family of short cationic amphiphilic, cysteine-rich AMPs found in vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants. Based on structural differences and tissue distribution these peptides are divided into three major classes α-, β- and θ-defensins. At the protein level, six α- and eleven β-defensins have been identified in humans[@b2]. θ-defensins, cyclic peptides found in Old World primates, are not produced in humans due to a premature stop codon in the mRNA transcript of the human θ-defensin pseudogene[@b3]. Humanized θ-defensins, retrocyclins (RCs), can be synthesized in vitro based on the sequence encoded by the human θ-defensin pseudogenes[@b4]. Besides playing immunomodulatory roles[@b5], human defensins exert direct antimicrobial activity by disorganizing bacterial cell membranes[@b6], inhibiting the bacterial cell wall synthesis machinery[@b7], and forming trapping nanonets around bacteria[@b8]. Importantly, defensins are the only recognized fast-response molecules that can neutralize a broad range of proteinaceous bacterial toxins, many of which are among the deadliest compounds on the planet and could harm or kill the affected organism if not immediately addressed. Thus, human defensins efficiently inhibit secreted toxins produced by over 30 pathogenic species, including enzymatic toxins and members of the largest family of pore-forming toxins, the cholesterol-dependent cytolysins[@b1][@b9]. Smaller in size, θ-defensins (including synthetic RCs) nevertheless share antibacterial and antitoxin activities with other natural defense peptides[@b10]. For a decade, the question of how a small and structurally conserved group of peptides can neutralize a heterogeneous group of toxins with little to no sequential and structural similarities remained unresolved. Recently we found that the binding of toxins by human defensins and humanized RC peptides leads to local unfolding of the former and destabilization of their secondary and tertiary structures; this, in turn, increases toxins' susceptibility to proteolysis and induces their precipitation[@b11][@b12][@b13]. We postulated that defensins recognize and target structural plasticity/thermodynamic instability, i.e. fundamental physico-chemical properties that unite many bacterial toxins and separate them from the majority of host proteins. Intriguingly, there is a striking similarity between critical defensins' determinates governing their antitoxin activities and those necessary for defensins' binding to and neutralizing viral proteins: hydrophobicity, cationicity, and ability to dimerize/oligomerize[@b14][@b15][@b16][@b17][@b18][@b19][@b20][@b21][@b22][@b23]. Furthermore, many viral proteins display loosely packed cores (a hallmark of thermodynamic instability) that provide evolutionary advantage by conferring high interactive promiscuity and high mutational adaptability[@b24][@b25]. Accordingly, more than a dozen of various viruses are currently recognized as targets of defensins[@b26]. Moreover, human defensins are known to neutralize various enveloped and non-enveloped human viruses enigmatically acting at multiple different stages of viral invasion and replication[@b26][@b27][@b28]. While, some of the defensins' effects can be explained by their lectin-like carbohydrate binding properties[@b29], perturbation of lipid bilayers[@b30] and/or modulation of host cell pathways[@b31], we speculate that, in part, such multifaceted antiviral activity can be directly linked to the ability of defensins to promote unfolding of thermodynamically unstable pathogen-derived proteins. Thermodynamic instability as a recognition pattern of defensins may also help to explain immense amount of defensin-interacting protein targets both of viral and bacterial origins. In the present study, we employed biochemical/biophysical approaches and functional assays to examine the defensins' effects on a variety of viral proteins. We found that α- and θ-defensins potentiate unfolding of several viral proteins leading to their precipitation and loss of activity. Results ======= In the presence of defensins several viral proteins demonstrate lower thermal stability --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- To test the hypothesis that defensins can promote unfolding of viral proteins we employed differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) using the environmentally sensitive dye SYPRO Orange characterized by a dramatically enhanced quantum yield in hydrophobic environments (e.g. hydrophobic interior of a melted protein)[@b32]. We analyzed the effects of defensins on thermal melting profiles of several viral proteins from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), prototype foamy virus (PFV) and tobacco etch virus (TEV). All tested proteins fall into two groups: those, whose melting was notably potentiated by defensins, and all others, whose melting profiles could not be accurately assessed due to an initially high degree of instability. The latter group was composed of several HIV-1 proteins (viral infectivity factor Vif, negative regulatory factor Nef, matrix protein MA, and protease), for all of which the SYPRO Orange fluorescence was heightened at the lowest tested temperatures (data not shown), which is characteristic for proteins in a molten globule state[@b33], or with high surface hydrophobicity index (e.g. bovine serum albumin[@b11]). The former group of viral proteins, clearly affected by defensins, included HIV-1 Gag-Δp6, HIV-1 capsid (CA), HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT p51), HIV-1 integrase (HIV-1 IN), PFV integrase (PFV IN), and TEV protease. The effects of the following defensins were assessed: human neutrophil α-defensin peptide HNP-1, human enteric α-defensin HD-5, human β-defensins hBD-1 and hBD-2, and humanized retrocyclin RC-101 ([Fig. 1](#f1){ref-type="fig"}, [Table 1](#t1){ref-type="table"}, [Supplementary Fig. S1](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). HNP-1 and RC-101 were consistently - more potent than other defensins, whereas the most susceptible of all viral proteins was Gag-Δp6 ([Fig. 1](#f1){ref-type="fig"}). Destabilization of Gag-Δp6 by HNP-1 and RC-101 occurred at the lowest tested temperature. β-defensins hBD-1 ([Supplementary Fig. S1](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}) and hBD-2 ([Fig. 1](#f1){ref-type="fig"}) did not potentiate protein unfolding to any noticeable extent at the standard assay conditions (i.e. under physiological salt concentrations). Consistent with its localization in primarily hypotonic compartments (skin and oral mucosa), the bactericidal effects of hBD-2 are known to be attenuated by salt[@b34]. Therefore, we tested thermal denaturation of HIV-1 Gag-Δp6, HIV-1 CA, PFV IN, and TEV protease in the absence of salt and observed no significant changes in melting profiles of these proteins in the presence of either hBD-1 or hBD-2 ([Supplementary Fig. S1](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). Given the only marginal bacterial toxin unfolding activity of hBD-2 in our previous investigation[@b11], we can conclude that in contrast to α- and θ-defensins, β-defensins have overall low ability to potentiate unfolding of thermodynamically unstable proteins. Defensins increase susceptibility of viral proteins to limited proteolysis -------------------------------------------------------------------------- To further examine defensin-induced conformational changes of viral proteins, we probed their structural stabilities by limited proteolysis[@b35] using chymotrypsin and thermolysin -- proteolytic enzymes, which preferentially hydrolyze the peptide bonds at the C-end side of bulky hydrophobic residues. In the absence of HNP-1, MA and CA proteins from HIV-1 and IN from PFV subjected to limited proteolysis showed a specific pattern of well-defined proteolytic products (denoted by asterisks on [Fig. 2](#f2){ref-type="fig"}) typical for cleavage at a few highly accessible unstructured sites. In contrast, addition of HNP-1 resulted in a drastic reduction in the detectable amounts of cleaved products, despite that the amount of the full-length protein was decreased over time due to proteolysis ([Fig. 2](#f2){ref-type="fig"}). This result resonates with the ability of HNP-1 to promote unfolding of several bacterial toxins and thus increase a number of residues accessible for cleavage generating multiple proteolytic products of various sizes scattered throughout a lane on a gel[@b11]. In one case, this effect is evident as a smear of HIV-1 MA protein in the presence of HNP-1 instead of the well-defined bands evident in its absence ([Fig. 2A](#f2){ref-type="fig"}). Defensins promote precipitation of viral proteins ------------------------------------------------- Due to the unfolding of viral proteins caused by defensins, hydrophobic interior of the affected proteins becomes exposed to solution, which in turn may lead to protein aggregation. Therefore, we conducted precipitation assays, where HIV-1 MA and CA proteins and TEV protease were incubated in the presence or absence of defensins and subjected to high-speed centrifugation to sediment protein aggregates. HNP-1 caused dose-dependent precipitation of all tested viral proteins ([Fig. 3](#f3){ref-type="fig"}), indicative of the promoted exposure of the hydrophobic interior, in consistence with our limited proteolysis results. RC-101 caused aggregation of CA and TEV protease, but not MA, which remained mainly in solution. Addition of sodium chloride (0.5 M final concentration) to the precipitated viral proteins did not reverse the defensin-induced aggregation of these proteins, while the addition of non-ionic detergent Triton X-100 (0.5% final concentration) partially reversed the precipitation ([Fig. 3](#f3){ref-type="fig"}). This is indicative of the prevalence of hydrophobic rather than electrostatic interactions in these aggregates. In the presence of RC-101, tryptophan residues of viral proteins are more exposed to collisional quenchers ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Collisional quenching of tryptophan (Trp) fluorescence is an effective method for monitoring conformational changes in the protein structure[@b36]. Trp fluorescence of HIV-1 proteins (protease, Nef and IN) in the presence and absence of RC-101 was assessed and plotted as a function of increasing concentrations of a quencher (acrylamide) ([Fig. 4](#f4){ref-type="fig"}). The linearity of the Stern-Volmer plots for HIV-1 Nef protein allowed for determining Stern-Volmer constant (K~SV~), which was significantly higher in the presence of RC-101 suggesting greater accessibility of the protein's interior for the quencher ([Fig. 4](#f4){ref-type="fig"}). For HIV-1 protease and IN the Stern-Volmer plots demonstrated an upward curvatures, characteristic for the presence of both dynamic and static components of the quenching[@b37]. Therefore, the apparent quenching coefficients (K~app~) were calculated at 1 M quencher concentration. In both cases (for HIV-1 protease and IN) K~app~ was significantly higher in the presence of RC-101 ([Fig. 4](#f4){ref-type="fig"}), in agreement with the defensin's ability to perturb integrity of viral proteins. Defensins inhibit functional activity of TEV protease ----------------------------------------------------- The defensin-induced unfolding and precipitation interferes with the activity of TEV protease, which was assessed using an artificial substrate comprised of maltose binding protein (MBP) and actin-binding domain of PLS3 fused together through a linker containing the TEV protease cleavage site ([Fig. 5A](#f5){ref-type="fig"}). Following HNP-1 or RC-101 treatment, TEV protease activity was decreased \~3--4 times, compared to the untreated protease, as calculated based on the decline of the activity rate measured at the two-minute time point. Three characteristic disulfide bonds stabilize the defensins' structure and are essential for some, but not all functions of the peptides. Thus, unstructured HNP-1 and HD-5 analogs lacking cysteines show preserved antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, but are completely inactive against Gram-positive bacteria[@b9]. This is likely because the preserved defensin structure is required in the later case, when the cell wall synthesis machinery is targeted, but not in the former case, when defensins directly affect membranes of Gram-negative bacteria. In contrast, reduction of disulfide bonds activates hBD-1 antimicrobial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria[@b38]. Disulfide bonds in hBD-3 are required for its chemotactic activity (i.e. binding and activation of the chemokine receptor CCR6), but dispensable for its antimicrobial activity[@b39]. Furthermore, the ability of an epithelial α-defensin HD-5 to inactivate adenovirus was not reproduced by a cysteine-deficient HD-5 analog[@b40]. Accordingly, we found that reduction of HNP-1 and RC-101 disulfide bonds with TCEP resulted in complete loss of the defensins' ability to inhibit the proteolytic activity of TEV protease ([Fig. 5B](#f5){ref-type="fig"}) and to promote its unfolding ([Fig. 5C](#f5){ref-type="fig"}). This is in agreement with our previous finding that native oxidized state of RC-101 is essential for its antitoxin activity[@b12]. Similarly, reduced β-defensins hBD-1 and hBD-2 had no effect on thermal melting of TEV protease and HIV-1 Gag-Δp6 and CA ([Supplementary Fig. S1](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}), suggesting that the enhanced antibacterial activity of reduced hBD-1[@b38] arises from different mechanisms. Defensins interfere with the integration activity of HIV-1 integrase -------------------------------------------------------------------- We tested whether the defensin-induced unfolding of HIV-1 IN, evidenced from DSF ([Fig. 1](#f1){ref-type="fig"}) and collisional quenching ([Fig. 4](#f4){ref-type="fig"}) experiments, interferes with the integration activity of this protein. HIV-1 IN catalyzes concerted integration of the viral DNA ends into human chromosome, which defines a point of "no return" in establishing HIV-1 infection. Therefore, we conducted a homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF)-based assay to probe a strand transfer activity of HIV-1 IN[@b41][@b42] in the absence and in the presence of HNP-1 and RC-101. The assay measures fluorescence resonance energy transfer between target DNA and viral donor DNA upon formation of the strand transfer product. [Figure 6](#f6){ref-type="fig"} shows that both HNP-1 and RC-101 inhibited the strand transfer activity of IN. Cyclotides do not promote unfolding of viral proteins ----------------------------------------------------- Cyclotides are plant-derived antimicrobial peptides that share structural similarities with defensins. Both have backbones of a similar length with a tightly packed tertiary structure. Like the θ-defensins, cyclotides have a head-to-tail cyclic backbone interlocked by three disulfide bonds, although arranged in a "cyclic cystine knot" motif, as opposed to a "cyclic ladder" arrangement of θ-defensins[@b10]. Similar to defensins, cyclotides have a broad range of antimicrobial activities[@b43]. Both peptide families interact with negatively charged phospholipid membranes (e.g. bacterial cell membranes) via amphiphilic patches leading to membrane permeabilization by related mechanisms[@b44][@b45]. Furthermore, both, defensins[@b26][@b46] and cyclotides (including kalata B1 used in this study)[@b47], exhibit antiviral activity by largely unknown mechanisms. However, in contrast to defensins, none of the four cyclotides used in this study (cyO2, cyO19, kB1, and kB7) demonstrated an ability to potentiate unfolding of viral proteins (HIV-1 Gag-Δp6, HIV-1 CA, HIV-1 IN, PFV IN, and TEV protease; [Fig. 7](#f7){ref-type="fig"}) or a thermolabile bacterial toxin (actin crosslinking domain -- ACD -- from Vibrio cholerae; [Supplementary Fig. S2](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). Therefore, the ability to promote unfolding of thermodynamically unstable viral proteins (present study) and bacterial toxins[@b11][@b12] thus far is restricted to α- and θ-defensins. On the other hand, β-defensins showed only marginal activity against bacterial toxins[@b11], whereas cyclotides were inactive against all examined viral and bacterial proteins. Discussion ========== High conformational freedom confers critical functional advantages to many bacterial proteinaceous toxins: with only a minimal input of free energy, high protein plasticity allows dramatic conformational changes essential for transition from soluble to a membrane-integrated form (pore-forming toxins), or a temporarily unfolded form (pore-crossing toxins). Yet, conformational plasticity comes with a price of thermodynamic instability, which can be semi-selectively targeted for elimination by host immune effector molecules -- defensins. Remarkably, the list of marginally stable pathogenic proteins extends well beyond bacterial toxins and encompasses many viral proteins. While for the majority of host proteins the equilibrium between folded and unfolded states is strongly shifted towards the former at the physiological range of temperatures, this is not the case for marginally stable pathogenic proteins, whose transition point from folded to melted states is typically only few degrees above the body temperature of their hosts[@b48]. Our previous findings suggested that defensins are capable of promoting partial unfolding of marginally stable bacterial toxins[@b11]. The present study demonstrates that this ability of defensins extends towards viral proteins. We hypothesize that the common property of bacterial toxins and viral proteins targeted by defensins is their marginal thermodynamic stability essential for conformational plasticity. While in case of bacterial toxins, this property is tentatively dictated by the necessity to undergo dramatic conformational transitions with minimal input of energy, thermodynamic instability of viral proteins provided additional benefits. Indeed, for many viral proteins low thermodynamic stability is the way of maintaining high interaction potential and high mutational adaptability[@b24][@b25] -- essential properties dictated by small-size genomes and high evolutionary pressure of host immune systems, respectively. Accordingly, various viral proteins have been reported to exist at physiological temperatures in a molten globule states, e.g. HIV-1 transactivating nuclear protein Rev[@b49], herpes simplex virus (HSV) triplex protein VP23[@b50], influenza virus protein NS2[@b51], potato virus A genome-linked protein VPg[@b52]. We reported here that Gag, capsid, integrase, reverse transcriptase, Nef, and matrix proteins of HIV-1 as well as integrase of PFV and protease of TEV are all destabilized/unfolded by human defensins as demonstrated by at least one of the following techniques: DSF, intrinsic Trp accessibility to solution quenchers, and/or limited proteolysis. Due to the limitations for individual methods, not every protein could be tested by all of the approaches. For example, the number and location of Trp residues in a protein can hinder the assessment of its conformational changes by collisional quenching. Thus, changes in HIV-1 MA and CA proteins were revealed by limited proteolysis and precipitation analysis for both proteins and by DSF for CA, but not by collisional quenching. Likewise, DSF cannot be applied to proteins that actively bind an environmentally sensitive dye in their ground state. The later can be either due to inherently high surface hydrophobicity (like in serum albumin) or the result of dye penetration into a loosely packed hydrophobic core even at low temperatures (like with proteins existing in a molten globule state). Thus, unattainable by DSF changes in some proteins (e.g. Nef and protease of HIV-1) were observed for these proteins in the collisional quenching experiments ([Fig. 4](#f4){ref-type="fig"}). Even though the defensin-susceptible viral proteins tested in the present study are located underneath the viral membrane envelope, membrane-disorganizing and pore-forming abilities of defensins make all of them potentially accessible for the attack. Alternatively, these proteins might be targeted intracellularly, as defensins have been demonstrated to retain some of their antiviral activity even after the viral entry[@b28]. The tenet that defensins promote unfolding of viral proteins, as was observed for bacterial toxins, greatly contributes to multifaceted, direct and indirect antiviral mechanisms of defensins and provides appealing logical explanation to hitherto enigmatic ability of HNP-1 to inhibit HIV-1 and HSV infections at multiple steps[@b27][@b28]. In fact, many previous observations are in excellent agreement with the proposed ability of defensins to promote unfolding of viral proteins. Thus, the neutrophil α-defensin HNP-1 has been shown to prolong refolding lifetime of gp41 intermediates in pre-hairpin conformation, as demonstrated by defensin-improved access of neutralizing antibodies and peptides to otherwise hidden epitopes[@b53]. Because protein unfolding is accompanied by exposure of hydrophobic surfaces, normally buried in the protein's interior, it is likely to be accountable for defensin-induced aggregation of many pathogen-derived proteins, including gp41 peptides. Thus, HNP-1 and retrocyclin-1 (RC-1) impaired refolding of gp41 into the 6-helix bundle structure triggering their aggregation[@b27]. Moreover, circular dichroism analysis revealed that in the presence of RC-1 a characteristic α-helical spectrum of the gp41-derived peptide mixture of N36/C34 transformed into a random coil-like spectrum[@b54], which can be interpreted as secondary structure destabilization by this peptide. RC-1 also inhibits dengue virus DENV-2 replication by interfering with the activity of its serine protease and this ability is greatly increased with elevated temperature[@b55], i.e. under conditions enriching the fraction of partially unfolded protein intermediates that are selected and trapped by defensins. Similarly, we found that inhibition of TEV protease activity by both HNP-1 and RC-101 ([Fig. 5A](#f5){ref-type="fig"}) resulted from the enzyme unfolding ([Fig. 1](#f1){ref-type="fig"}) and precipitation by the defensins ([Fig. 3C](#f3){ref-type="fig"}). It is likely that the potent destabilizing effects imposed by defensins are pertinent at numerous physiological occasions and particularly upon dynamic structural transitions in the course of capsid assembly[@b50][@b56], uncoating[@b57], and membrane fusion[@b58]. Yet, we are far from proposing that the destabilization of purified viral proteins by defensins observed in vitro accurately represents the complexity of physiological conditions including, but not limited to, interactions of viral proteins with each other, viral nucleic acids, and host proteins. Thus, in apparent contradiction with our results, stabilization of viral capsids and prevention of their uncoating by defensins has been reported in several studies[@b59][@b60][@b61]. It is plausible however that this increased capsid stability may paradoxically result from defensin-induced structure perturbation of individual marginally stable capsid proteins, or even individual protein domains, leading to their respective inability to respond to environmental cues and go through proper conformational rearrangements. The exact mechanisms of protein function disruption by defensins are likely to differ in each particular case. For example, defensins may induce local unfolding and exposure of hydrophobic patches in the affected proteins leading to their unnatural interaction with each other and with hydrophobic patches of defensins. Such interactions would be mimicking precipitation but occurring locally, whereas the entire capsid structure can be enforced by these newly formed hydrophobic interactions. Alternatively, defensins may prevent proper conformational transitions in key capsid proteins. In line with these hypotheses, overall stabilization of Ad5.F35 capsid by HD-5 defensin has been accompanied by signs of local disorganization and greater conformational flexibility of individual capsid proteins (hexon, penton base, and fiber) in CryoEM studies[@b40][@b59]. Of the four tested groups of antimicrobial peptides ([Supplementary Table S1](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}), only α- and θ-defensins demonstrated the strong ability to promote unfolding of viral proteins and bacterial toxins, whereas β-defensins (hBD-1 and -2) and plant cyclotides (cyO2, cyO19, kB1, and kB7) failed to reproduce these effects. This is intriguing given that the majority of the peptides share with α-defensins many molecular properties shown to contribute to inactivation of bacterial effectors: three disulfide bonds, cationicity, amphiphilicity, and ability to assemble into dimers/oligomers[@b14][@b15][@b16][@b17][@b18][@b19][@b20][@b21][@b22][@b23][@b43]. However, because the mechanism of protein destabilization by defensins is not known in detail, the precise roles of each of these features are obscure and a proper, activity-enabling balance between them cannot be currently predicted. Thus, it has been demonstrated that a conserved Trp-26 residue is essential for HNP-1 activity as a contributor to hydrophobicity for interaction with target molecules and for formation of dimers[@b15]. However, retrocyclins, which are similarly active against viral (current study) and bacterial effectors[@b12], do not have tryptophans, suggesting that the role of this residues is fulfilled by other structural elements. In the absence of a detailed and quantifiable model, we can provide only speculative explanation to the observed differences in activities of the peptides. First, all basic residues in HNP-1 and HD-5 "active" defensins are represented by arginines, whereas those of hBD-1 and hBD-2 are represented mostly by lysines and some histidines. Since three nitrogen atoms of the arginine guanidinium group enable more freedom in establishing electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds as compared to lysines[@b62][@b63], this difference might be essential in a more potent docking of the peptides to hydrophilic elements of the effector proteins. Second, the tested β-defensins are somewhat bulkier than α-defensins (36--41 a.a. versus 30--32 a.a., respectively; [Supplementary Table S1](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}), which may make them less capable of inserting into protein pockets and interfering with proper folding. From this perspective, high destabilizing activity of θ-defensins correlates with their overall smaller size (18 a.a). Other factors to be considered are densities of basic and hydrophobic residues ([Supplementary Table S1](#S1){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). Among all the tested peptides, RC-101 has the highest density of basic residues (2.22 per 10 residues), 3 out of 4 of which are arginines, while their density in cyclotides is the lowest and varies from 0.34 to 1.0 per 10 residues. Hydrophobicity index seems to correlate with the ability to destabilize viral proteins in case of RC-101 and HNP-1 (high hydrophobicity index and high potency) and β-defensins (low hydrophobicity and low potency), while in direct comparison it fails to correlate with those of cyclotides (high hydrophobicity and low potency) and HD-5 (low hydrophobicity and high potency). Finally, the ability to form dimers/higher order oligomers and the affinity of the subunits within the dimer/oligomer to each other is yet another parameter that is likely to influence the ability of the immune peptides to promote unfolding of marginally stable effector proteins. However, these properties of immune peptides are poorly investigated and will require careful characterization before more definite conclusions can be made. A fine balance between all the above properties of the immune peptides appears to be essential for rendering them active and as such should be addressed in future experimental and computational studies. In conclusion, we propose that conformational plasticity is the key feature that unites various bacterial toxins and viral proteins. As in a classical scheme when the greatest strength is the other side of the utmost weakness, this property is crucial for pathogenicity of these proteins, but it also renders them susceptible to destabilizing effects of human innate peptides. Methods ======= Antimicrobial peptides ---------------------- Defensins HNP-1, HD-5, hBD-1, hBD-2, and humanized retrocyclin RC-101 were prepared by solid-phase peptide synthesis and the correct folding was ensured as described previously[@b39][@b64][@b65][@b66]. The cyclotides cyO2 and cyO19 were isolated from a Viola odorata L. extract, while the cyclotides kB1 and kB7 were isolated from an Oldenlandia affinis D.C. extract according to the methods previously described[@b45][@b67]. The peptides were of \>95% purity as assessed by mass spectrometry and reversed-phase HPLC. Pathogen-derived proteins ------------------------- HIV-1 matrix (HIV-1 MA) protein and Gag-Δp6 were purified as described[@b68][@b69]. HIV-1 capsid (HIV-1 CA), HIV-1 integrase (HIV-1 IN) and PFV integrase (PFV IN) were purified as described[@b70][@b71][@b72]. Proteolytic domain of 6-His-tagged TEV protease was expressed and purified according to a standard procedure using Talon cobalt resin (Clontech). The following reagents were obtained through the NIH AIDS Research and Reference Reagent Program, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH: HIV-1~HXB2~ p51 reverse transcriptase recombinant protein (cat. \#2896; from Dr. Stuart Le Grice[@b73]), HIV-1 protease (cat. \#11781), HIV-1 Nef recombinant protein (cat. \#11478), and recombinant HIV-1 Vif (Baculovirus) (cat. \#11050). Actin crosslinking domain (ACD) from Vibrio cholerae MARTX toxin was purified as described previously[@b74]. Human proteins -------------- Plastin-3 (PLS3) was purified as described[@b75]. Purified human IgG was obtained from Sigma (cat. \#I4506). MBP-PLS, an actin-binding domain of PLS3 in-frame with maltose binding protein (MBP) and TEV protease cleavage site, was purified using amylose resin (New England Biolabs) according to the manufacturer instructions. Differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) --------------------------------------- Viral protein samples (5--20 μM) in a 20 mM 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) buffer (pH 7.5) supplemented with 150 mM NaCl and 1x SYPRO Orange dye (Invitrogen) were subjected to temperature denaturation in the absence or presence of defensins. HNP-1, HD-5, hBD-1 and hBD-2 were used at a 3-fold excess to the viral proteins; RC-101 was used at a 5-fold excess. A higher molar ratio of RC-101 was used to compensate for its smaller size (18 a.a. RC-101 versus 30--42 a.a. α- and β-defensins). Temperature melting profiles were acquired with a CFX96 Touch Real-Time PCR Detection System (Bio-Rad). Melting temperatures for proteins alone and in the presence of different defensins were calculated as described previously[@b76]. Limited proteolysis ------------------- Limited proteolysis was conducted as described previously[@b11]. Briefly, viral proteins (5--10 μM) were mixed with 3-fold molar excess of HNP-1 (i.e. 15--30 μM) in a 20 mM HEPES buffer (pH 7.5) supplemented with 100 mM NaCl and 5 mM CaCl~2~. Cleavage was achieved by the use of chymotrypsin (1:100 w/w ratio to protein) or thermolysin (1:200 w/w ratio) at 37 °C for varying amount of time. The reactions were stopped by adding reducing sample buffer (50 mM Tris, pH 6.8, 10% glycerol, 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 100 mM β-mercaptoethanol, 0.1% bromophenol blue) supplemented with 2 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and 10 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and boiling for 5 min. The protein samples were resolved on SDS-PAGE. Precipitation assay ------------------- Precipitation of HIV-1 MA, HIV-1 CA, and TEV protease was assessed by differential ultracentrifugation. Prior to centrifugation, 10 μM of each protein was incubated in the absence or presence of 20 and 50 μM of HNP-1 or 30 and 60 μM of RC-101 for 30 min at 37 °C in a 20 mM HEPES buffer (pH 7.5) with 100 mM NaCl. In additional experiments, either 0.5 M NaCl or 0.5% of Triton X-100 was added following the incubation of the proteins with the defensins, to test the solubility of the defensin-induced aggregates. All samples were centrifuged using TLA-100 rotor in Optima TL-100 ultracentrifuge (Beckman Coulter) at 280,000 g for 30 min at 4 °C. The supernatant (soluble) and pellet (precipitated) fractions were collected, supplemented with 1/3^rd^ of the volume of 4x reducing sample buffer (200 mM Tris, pH 6.8, 40% glycerol, 8% SDS, 400 mM β-mercaptoethanol, 0.4% bromophenol blue), pellets resuspended, and samples resolved on SDS-PAGE. Collisional quenching of tryptophan fluorescence ------------------------------------------------ Trp fluorescence was measured using a multifunctional plate reader Infinite M1000Pro (Tecan) with excitation and emission wavelengths 295 and 328 nm, respectively. Viral proteins were diluted to 2 μM in 20 mM HEPES (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl with or without addition of 5-fold molar excess of RC-101 (i.e. 10 μM) and titrated with increasing amounts of freshly prepared acrylamide solution in the same buffer. Data are presented as Stern-Volmer plots, where the ratios of fluorescence intensities (F~0~/F) in the absence (F~0~) and presence (F) of a given quencher (acrylamide) concentration were plotted against quencher concentration (\[Q\])[@b36]. Stern-Volmer constants (K~SV~) were calculated according to the Stern-Volmer equation: In some cases, to account for both strong dynamic and static components of quenching, which resulted in a characteristic upward curvature of Stern-Volmer plots, the modified Stern-Volmer equation was used: where K~app~ is an apparent quenching constant encompassing both dynamic and static constants[@b37]. TEV protease activity assay --------------------------- TEV protease was incubated in the presence or absence of HNP-1 (in a 3-fold molar excess to TEV protease) or RC-101 (in a 5-fold molar excess to the protein) at 37 °C for 30 min. Next, 5 μM of an artificial substrate protein MBP-PLS (containing maltose binding protein and actin-binding domain of PLS3 connected through a linker containing TEV protease cleavage site) in a 20 mM HEPES buffer (pH 7.5) with 150 mM NaCl was incubated with the pre-treated TEV protease (at 1:20 w/w ratio to MBP-PLS) at 37 °C for 2--60 min. The reactions were stopped by boiling in reducing sample buffer; proteolytic products were resolved on SDS-PAGE. For reducing condition experiments, the reaction buffer was supplemented with 10 mM tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) and the defensins were pre-incubated with 10 mM TCEP for one hour at room temperature before co-incubation with the TEV protease. Note, the ammonium salt of TCEP (Sigma \#646547) used in this study has neutral pH (7.0). Care was taken to verify that the final pH of the working solutions was not changed after the addition of TCEP. Homogenous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF)-based integration activity assay ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- To test the HIV-1 integrase (IN) activity in the presence and absence of defensins, previously developed HTRF technique[@b41][@b42] was used with some modifications. HIV-1 IN (400 nM) was incubated with various concentrations of HNP-1 and RC-101 (1--10 μM) for 30 min at room temperature in the reaction buffer (20 mM HEPES (pH 7.5), 10 mM MgCl~2~, 10% glycerol, 0.05% Brij-35, 0.1 mg/mL BSA). Following the incubation with the defensins, a 5′-Cy5-labelled 21-mer viral donor DNA (200 nM) and 3′-biotinylated target DNA (20 nM) were added to the reaction. The strand transfer reaction was allowed to proceed for three hours at 37 °C and stopped by the addition of 2x development solution (20 mM EDTA, 0.05% Brij-35, 1 mg/mL BSA, 1 M NaCl, 4 nM europium chelate-streptavidin (Eu-SA)). 0.5 M NaCl (final concentration in the development solution) allows dissociating of all DNA from IN to prevent FRET signal from non-covalently associated donor and target DNA. Following an overnight incubation at 4 °C, the HTRF signal was recorded with an EnSpire multimode plate reader (PerkinElmer). Statistical analysis -------------------- Throughout, error bars represent standard errors of the mean values. Statistical significance was determined by two-tailed Student's t-test: results were considered significant at P-values less than 0.05. Additional Information ====================== How to cite this article: Kudryashova, E. et al. Thermodynamic instability of viral proteins is a pathogen-associated molecular pattern targeted by human defensins. Sci. Rep. 6, 32499; doi: 10.1038/srep32499 (2016). Supplementary Material {#S1} ====================== ###### Supplementary Information We thank Dr. Karin Musier-Forsyth, Erik Olson, and Alice Duchon (The Ohio State University) for providing Gag-Δp6 and MA proteins and Chris Schwebach (The Ohio State University) for the MBP-PLS fusion construct. We also acknowledge the NIH AIDS Research and Reference Reagent Program, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH for providing several viral proteins for this study (as detailed in the Methods section). This work was supported by The OSU Public Health Preparedness for Infectious Diseases (PHPID) program (New Investigator Grant to D.S.K.), NIH/NIAID R01 AI110310 (to M.K.), and NIH/NIAID R01 AI072732 (to W.L.). Author Contributions E.K. co-designed the experiments, carried out the experimental work, analyzed data and co-wrote the manuscript, P.C.K. and M.K. provided viral proteins, conducted the HTRF integration assays, and edited manuscript, A.A.S. provided cyclotides and edited manuscript, W.L. synthesized defensins and edited the manuscript, D.S.K. supervised the study, co-designed the experiments, and co-wrote the manuscript. ![α- and θ-Defensins facilitate unfolding of viral proteins in DSF experiments.\ Thermal denaturation profiles of HIV-1 proteins Gag-Δp6 (10 μM), CA (20 μM), RTp51 (10 μM), and IN (5 μM), as well as PFV IN (7 μM) and TEV protease (5 μM) were shifted toward lower temperatures in the presence of 3-fold molar excess of HNP-1 or 5-fold molar excess of RC-101 over the viral proteins. HD-5 caused destabilization of HIV-1 proteins Gag-Δp6 and CA and PFV IN. β-Defensin hBD-2 had no effect on any of the tested proteins. Human structural protein plastin-3 (PLS3) and serum IgG were not significantly affected by the defensins. See also [Table 1](#t1){ref-type="table"}.](srep32499-f1){#f1} ![Limited proteolysis suggests exposure of additional cleavage sites on viral proteins in the presence of HNP-1.\ 10 μM HIV-1 MA (A), 10 μM HIV-1 CA (B) and 5 μM PFV IN (C) were subjected to proteolytic cleavage by low doses of chymotrypsin (1:100 w/w enzyme to substrate ratio) or thermolysin (1:200 w/w enzyme to substrate ratio) for the indicated periods of time. Asterisks indicate notable proteolytic products detected in the absence, but not presence of HNP-1. The full-length protein in each case, both in the presence and absence of HNP-1, gets degraded as seen by the decreasing amounts of the corresponding bands on the gels.](srep32499-f2){#f2} ![Defensin-induced precipitation of viral proteins.\ 10 μM proteins (HIV-1 CA (A), HIV-1 MA (B), and TEV protease (C)) were incubated in the absence or presence of different concentrations of HNP-1 or RC-101 and subjected to centrifugation. In additional experiments, to test the solubility of the defensin-induced precipitates, either 0.5 M NaCl (indicated as "NaCl") or 0.5% of Triton X-100 (indicated as "TX") was added to the samples following the incubation of the proteins with the highest concentration of defensins and before the centrifugation. Supernatant (s) and pellet (p) fractions were resolved on SDS-PAGE. Graphs show the quantitation of the amount of proteins in the pellet fractions expressed in percent of total protein content.](srep32499-f3){#f3} ![Collisional quenching of Trp fluorescence by acrylamide reveals greater accessibility of viral proteins to the quencher in the presence of RC-101.\ Stern-Volmer plots for HIV-1 proteins (2 μM) - Nef, protease, and IN -- in the absence (open circles) and in the presence of 5-fold molar excess of RC-101 (solid circles). X-axes are molar concentrations of the quencher (acrylamide), Y-axes -- ratio of the Trp fluorescence in the absence of the quencher (F~0~) and in its presence (F). Dynamic Stern-Volmer coefficients (K~SV~) are provided for Nef protein. In contrast, quenching of protease and IN proteins show both strong dynamic and static components reflected in a characteristic upward curvature of Stern-Volmer plots. For these proteins, apparent Stern-Volmer coefficients (K~app~) at acrylamide concentration equal 1 M are shown. Increased K~SV~ (or K~app~) in the presence of RC-101 imply higher accessibility of Trp residue(s) to the quencher. Asterisk indicates statistically significant difference (P\<0.05).](srep32499-f4){#f4} ![Defensins' disulfide bonds are essential for the inhibition of TEV protease activity.\ (A) Activity of TEV protease was assessed in the absence of defensins and following the incubation of TEV protease with HNP-1 (3-fold molar excess) or RC-101 (5-fold molar excess). Cleavage of MBP-PLS (5 μM; 20:1 w/w ratio to TEV protease) was monitored by SDS-PAGE as a reduction of the full-length substrate protein MBP-PLS expressed in percent and plotted versus time. (B,C) Under reducing conditions (10 mM TCEP), defensins do not affect the activity (B) or melting profile (C) of TEV protease.](srep32499-f5){#f5} ![HIV-1 integrase (IN) activity is inhibited by HNP-1 and RC-101.\ Strand transfer activity of HIV-1 IN (400 nM) in the absence and presence of various defensin concentrations (1--10 μM) was determined by homogenous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) technique.](srep32499-f6){#f6} ![Cyclotides do not potentiate unfolding of the tested viral proteins.\ DSF thermal denaturation profiles of viral proteins (HIV-1 Gag-Δp6, HIV-1 CA, HIV-1 IN, PFV IN, and TEV protease) were collected in the absence or in the presence of 5-fold molar excess of defense peptides (θ-defensin RC-101 and cyclotides cyO2, cyO19, kB1, kB7).](srep32499-f7){#f7} ###### Effects of defensins on melting temperatures (T~m~, °C) of viral and host proteins calculated from DSF. Protein alone \+ RC-101 \+ HNP1 \+ HD5 \+ hBD2 --------------- --------------- ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ HIV-1 Gag-Δp6 38.6 ± 0.3 n/a n/a 34.3 ± 0.6 38.9 ± 0.2 HIV-1 CA 51.9 ± 0.1 41 ± 0.1 44.2 ± 0.5 47.6 ± 0.2 51.4 ± 0.2 HIV-1 RTp51 44.4 ± 0.1 37 ± 0.2 40.3 ± 0.1 n/d n/d HIV-1 IN 42.5 ± 0.5 38.3 ± 0.6 41.0 ± 0.3 42.0 ± 0.5 43.2 ± 0.9 PFV IN 47.6 ± 0.1 42.5 ± 0.1 43.3 ± 0.1 45.3 ± 0.1 46.5 ± 0.2 TEV Protease 43.7 ± 0.2 33.8 ± 1.8 34.9 ± 0.2 44.7 ± 0.2 44.0 ± 0.2 PLS3 47.8 ± 0.1 45.7 ± 0.1 46.8 ± 0.2 47.5 ± 0.1 47.4 ± 0.1 IgG 63.8 ± 0.2 63 ± 0.1 64.5 ± 0.1 65.2 ± 0.2 64 ± 0.2 n/a -- Not applicable (DSF curve does not have a peak). n/d -- Not determined.
[Use of blue-green micro-seaweed Spirulina platensis for the correction of lipid and hemostatic disturbances in patients with ischemic heart disease]. Changing in lipid spectrum, immunological state and coagulation in the 68 patients with IHD and atherogenic dyslipidemia who were taking biomass microalga Spirulina platensis was investigated. Modification of traditional plan of therapy of IHD when adding microalga Spirulina p. influences correcting effect to cascade procoagulation and immunopathological reactions, characteristic of atherosclerosis process.
Course Overview An introduction to yacht terminology and the deck skills required to work as a yacht steward / stewardess. This course covers the fundamentals of sailing a moderate size cruising yacht and by the end of the course you should have the confidence and ability to keep a lookout, handle sails, steer, row a dinghy and assist in all other day-to-day activities. During the course you will cover approximately 100 miles, plus 4 night hours on watch. Pre-requisite experience: none Duration: 5 Days Qualifications: RYA Competent Crew Certificate Syllabus Knowledge of sea terms and parts of a boat, her rigging and sails • Sufficient knowledge to understand orders given concerning the sailing and day-to-day running of the boat Sail handling • Bending on, setting, reefing and handling of sails • Use of sheets and halyards and their associated bollards Ropework • Handling ropes, including coiling, stowing, securing to cleats and single and double bollards • Handling warps • Ability to tie the following knots and to understand their correct use; figure of eight, clove hitch, rolling hitch, bowline, round turn and two half hitches, single and double sheet bend, reef knot Fenders • Learn the various ways of tying them on • Different knots including quick release • The use of a 'wandering fender' Fire precautions and fighting • Awareness of the hazards of fire and the precautions necessary to prevent fire • Knowledge of the action to be taken in the event of a fire Personal safety equipment • Understand and comply with the rules for the wearing of safety harnesses, lifejackets and personal buoyancy aids Man overboard • Understand the action to be taken to recover a man overboard Emergency equipment • Operate distress flares and know when they should be used • Understand how to launch and board a liferaft Manners and customs • Understand accepted practice with regard to; the use of burgees and ensigns, prevention of unnecessary noise or disturbance in harbour including courtesies to other berthed craft • Awareness of the responsibility of yacht skippers to protect the environment Rules of the road • Ability to keep a lookout at sea Dinghies • Understand and comply with loading rules • Ability to handle a dinghy under oars Meteorology • Awareness of forecasting services and knowledge of the Beaufort scale Seasickness • What is it? • Tell-tale signs • How to avoid it • How to overcome it when you are suffering • How to care for others effectively Helmsmanship • Understand the basic principles of sailing and steer and trim sails on all points of sail • Steer a compass course, under sail and power General Duties • Carry out general duties satisfactorily on and below decks in connection with the daily routine of the vessel
Tolerance Grant Announced by Outlook Fund Following the horrific Orlando shooting on Sunday, during which 49 people were gunned down at a gay nightclub, the Foundation’s Outlook Fund is accepting grant applications for a $500 Tolerance Grant from religious groups that promote acceptance of the LGBT community. The Outlook Fund was established in 2010 at the Foundation by Outlook, the voice of Ohio’s GLBT and Allied community. Click here for application.
Q: Output truncated in Rascal Commandline REPL I am working on the Commandline REPL environment with Rascal and trying to view things like parse trees and outputs from The Ambiguity library. However, these are truncated in the commandline. For example: rascal>diagnose(parse(\|cwd:///Core/tests/F0.func\|)); list[Message]: [ info( "Ambiguity cluster with 2 alternatives", \|cwd:///Core/tests/F0.func\|(0,0,<1,0>,<1,0>)), info( "Production unique to the one alternative: Exp = app: Exp Exp ;", \|cwd:///Core/tests/F0.func\|(0,0,<1,0>,<1,0>)), info( "Production unique to th... I'm interested in seeing the rest of this output. Is there a setting I can change, or someway I can view this information. Thanks. A: This is done for performance reasons. (Terminal/Shells do not like printing HUGE strings) You can import IO and use iprintln to get the indented print without any truncating. For performance reasons you could als use iprintToFile: import IO; r = diagnose(parse(\|cwd:///Core/tests/F0.func\|)); iprintln(r) As an alternative, you might want to get the value in an editor using util::ValueUI::text: (only works in eclipse) import util::ValueUI; r = diagnose(parse(\|cwd:///Core/tests/F0.func\|)); text(r, 4); // indentation level is 4 Finally we sometimes copy values to the clipboard with util::Clipboard: import util::Clipboard; r = diagnose(parse(\|cwd:///Core/tests/F0.func\|)); copy(r) and then you can paste them anywhere using your OS shortcut.
1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a frequency calibration method applicable in a Universal Serial Bus (USB) device and the related USB device, and more particularly, to a method of utilizing a polling low frequency periodic signal to calibrate an oscillator of a USB device and a related USB device thereof. 2. Description of the Prior Art With the development in the technical field of the Universal Serial Bus (USB), the latest data transmission interface has been updated to USB 3.0. The maximum data transmission speed of the USB 3.0 reaches 5 Giga bits per second (Gbps). In other words, the operation clock of USB 3.0 device is at least 2.5 GHz. In a traditional design, a precise inductor capacitor oscillator (LC oscillator) is built in a USB 3.0 device, and the LC oscillator oscillates a reference clock having a precise frequency. Next, a signal synthesizer may be utilized to synthesize a 2.5 GHz operation clock. However, an LC oscillator usually occupies a very large chip area, resulting in an increased production cost of the USB 3.0 device. Hence, how to generate a reference clock having a precise frequency with a lower cost has become an important issue to be solved.
Antelope Union High School Antelope Union High School District redirects here. You may have meant the Antelope Valley Union High School District in northern Los Angeles, California. Antelope Union High School is a high school outside of Wellton, Arizona. It is the only high school in the Antelope Union High School District and serves eastern Yuma County. Notable Alumni Aaron Simpson - 4-time Arizona Wrestling State Champion; professional mixed martial artist, formerly competing in the UFC References Category:Public high schools in Arizona Category:Schools in Yuma County, Arizona
Echocardiographic Ramp test for continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices: do loading conditions matter? This study investigated whether continuous AI and/or elevated mean arterial pressure (MAP) were associated with false positive results for flow obstruction in echocardiographic ramp speed tests in patients with a continuous-flow left ventricular assist device. Failure to reduce the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) with increasing device speeds in a ramp test is predictive of pump obstruction. Aortic insufficiency (AI) or increased MAP can diminish the ability to unload the left ventricle. LVEDD was plotted against device speed, and a linear function slope was calculated. A flat LVEDD slope (≥-0.16) was considered abnormal (suggestive of obstruction). Ramp test results were compared in patients with or without either AI or increased MAP at baseline speed, and receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed for predictors of device obstruction. Device thrombosis was confirmed by direct visualization of clot at explantation or on inspection by the manufacturer. Of 78 ramp tests (55 patients), 36 were abnormal (18 true positive, 18 false positive), and 42 were normal (37 true negative, 5 false negative). In patients with AI, LVEDD slope was -0.14 ± 0.17, which was consistent with device obstruction (vs. -0.25 ± 0.11 in patients without AI; p < 0.001), despite no difference in mean lactate dehydrogenase concentration between the 2 groups (1,301 ± 1,651 U/l vs. 1,354 ± 1,365 U/l; p = 0.91). Area under the ROC curve (AUC) for LVEDD slope was 0.76 and improved to 0.88 after removal of patients with AI from the study. LVEDD slope in patients with MAP ≥85 mm Hg was similar to that for device obstruction (-0.18 ± 0.07) and was abnormal in 6 of the 12 ramp tests performed. Combining LVEDD slope with lactate dehydrogenase concentration increased the AUC to 0.96 as an indicator of device obstruction. Abnormal loading conditions due to AI or elevated MAP may result in false positive ramp tests.
Q: Almost complex structure which fails to be compatible Let $V$ be a real vector space equipped with a scalar product $\langle, \rangle$ (i.e. a positive definite symmetric bilinear form). We say that an endomorphism $J: V \to V$ is an almost complex structure if $J^2=-Id.$ $J$ is said to be compatible with the scalar product if $\langle J v, J w \rangle = \langle v, w \rangle. $ I'd like a very simple example of a scalar product and almost complex structure such that $J$ FAILS to be compatible with $\langle, \rangle.$ This is very basic -and hopefully trivial- but I can't find any counterexamples. A: Take $\mathbb R^2$ with standard scalar product and $J(x,y)=(2y,-\frac12x)$.
How A Weekend Marriage Conference Can Change Everything When you hear “marriage conference”, what are your first thoughts? Circles of chairs where you have to “share with the group”? Cheesy activities that either embarrass you or physically injure you? Couples yoga? What if I told you you could sit in a room with 1,000 other people and feel like you’re the only couple in the room? In late 2011, just before our 9th wedding anniversary, my husband and I attended a marriage conference with some friends. We went in a little cocky, thinking we had this marriage thing mastered. The sessions began at 7pm on a Friday evening and our group decided to grab food beforehand. Then, we realized we’d be late and laughed about it to ourselves. I’m pretty sure that was the last of the many sessions my husband and I were late to that weekend. As we sat in a ballroom with hundreds of other couples, we listened to instructions and advice on marriage in such a constructive way. Both of us were blown away. The conference was Family Life’s Weekend To Remember. When we walked into that ballroom, we had NO idea what an impact it would have on our marriage, our family or our lives. As a result of attending this conference, we now prioritize our marriage and offer to walk alongside others in theirs. We now serve on the local team for the Weekend to Remember in our area and just completed our 6th session. You’re probably wondering… What is a Weekend to Remember? Weekend to Remember is a 3 day marriage conference held in a hotel ballroom at a really nice hotel. Participants are encouraged to stay in the hotel (with a group rate discount) to help remove distractions. The event features a 3 person speaker team – a couple and another married man. 9 total sessions – 2 on Friday, 5 on Saturday and 2 on Sunday. Couples complete projects between some of the sessions. But, these projects are not cheesy and insignificant. Instead, they provide an opportunity to discuss your marriage in a calm, healthy way. Hard, but necessary discussions help get couples on the same page. One of the Event Sessions Marriage Conference Session Topics Many topics relevant to marriage are covered. For example, some sessions were titled, “Why Marriages Fail: Understand the 5 Threats to Marriage”, “We Fight,Too: Understand How to Handle Conflicts of Marriage” and “Woman to Woman / Man to Man: Stepping Up to a Higher Calling.” There are also optional sessions for pre-married/engaged couples. Additionally, couples are encouraged to participate in a “Date Night” on Saturday evening… something thoughtfully planned and special. Couple Completing A Project I love that this conference reaches participants, regardless of the duration or condition of the marriage. Some attendees are on the brink of divorce and leave reconciled with a healthy plan and full toolbox of ways to repair their broken marriage. Other couples have been married over 50 years and simply appreciate the refreshing. The theme of “oneness” repeats throughout the weekend and by the end, it feels within reach! Tips for what to do after the conference are also addressed. It’s easy to experience “mountaintop” moments while away from life’s stresses for the weekend. However, Family Life understands the struggle when life resumes Monday morning. A resource center is filled with books to supplement the material covered throughout the weekend. Lastly, they encourage finding support from people at home who value marriage. Many find a local church with a healthy marriage ministry is a great place to start. Weekend to Remember changed my marriage. Continuing to be a part of it has been one of the best decisions. Keeping your car tuned up is a no-brainer, right? It will run for years if properly maintained. Marriage is the same. Tune ups make a huge difference! Our picks Newsletter Get the best stories straight into your inbox! Email address: Leave this field empty if you're human: Don't worry we don't spam Disclaimer Copyright 2015-2019 Bite Sized Biggie, all rights reserved. All content provided on Bite Sized Biggie is for informational purposes only. The owner of this blog makes no representations as to the accuracy or completeness of any information on this site or found by following any link on this site.
Q: Angular - use template as container for multiple templates Here's a quick question: Is it possible to have a template in which you have multiple templates and call the one you need, when you need it? Let me explain this a bit better: I have a modal that I call this way: $scope.showErrorModal = -> errorModal = $ionicPopup.show( title: 'Issues list' scope: $scope templateUrl: './sections/modal/modal.tpl.html' buttons: [{text: 'Close',type: 'button-assertive'} ]) errorModal.then (res) -> console.log 'tapped!', res return return as you can see, i'm using an external template. The problem is that this way i need to create different templates everytime my modal needs to change. What i'd like to do (if possible), is being able to create various sub-templates inside modal.tpl.html and call them in the right modal. Here's some example code: modal.tpl.html: <div id="error-template"> // here the error-modal stuff </div> <div id="success-template"> // here the success-modal stuff </div> and from the controller, call them like this, for example: $scope.showErrorModal = -> errorModal = $ionicPopup.show( title: 'Issues list' scope: $scope templateUrl: './sections/modal/modal.tpl.html#error-template' //Just to make it clear that i want to use only one part of that file buttons: [{text: 'Close',type: 'button-assertive'} ]) errorModal.then (res) -> console.log 'tapped!', res return return Is this pure fiction, or it is possible? Are there any other solutions to solve this type of problems? A: Other than reducing the number of network requests, I don't see any real benefit to doing what you mentioned in the question. You may want to use multiple modal directives (errorModal, successModel, etc..) anyway to better compartmentalize your code. If you want to reduce network requests, there is a $templateCache service that enables you to preload your templates with the first request, in some way like this: <script type="text/ng-template" id="templateId.html"> <p>This is the content of the template</p> </script> You may also want to look at angular ui router which is an alternative router implementation that more easily allows nested and master templates.
/** * Copyright (c) 2017-present, zhenglibao, Inc. * email: 798393829@qq.com * All rights reserved. * * This source code is licensed under the MIT-style license found in the * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree. */ #import <AppKit/AppKit.h> @interface NSTextView (Flex) @end
96 F.3d 1445 U.S.v.Lord* NO. 95-50941 United States Court of Appeals,Fifth Circuit. Aug 30, 1996 Appeal From: W.D.Tex., No. A-93-CR-99 1 AFFIRMED. * Fed.R.App.P. 34(a); 5th Cir.R. 34.2
Video: Investing in yourself If you want to increase your value per hour, and be more successful in your career, how much time are you willing to invest outside of work hours to improve your ability? It's common for employees to feel that they should only work the hours for which they're getting paid. It's certainly important to do your job, but you also want to invest in your career by regularly improving your skills outside of your day to day job duties. This will enhance your ability, increasing your value per hour, and your job security. Join author and business coach Dave Crenshaw as he demonstrates ways to discover what you're truly best at doing and how to leverage those strengths and abilities in your professional life. This course reveals how to uncover your strengths and talents, match them to job responsibilities, and develop a path to apply those strengths at work. Set yourself up for continued success with self-assessments and the ability to invest in yourself and make continual improvements as your career grows. This course is one of a series of five Dave Crenshaw courses based on his Invaluable teaching methodology for professional development. Investing in yourself If you want to increase your value per hour, and be more successful in yourcareer, how much time are you willing to invest outside of work hours toimprove your ability?It's common for employees to feel that they should only work the hours for whichthey're getting paid.It's certainly important to do your job, but you also want to invest in yourcareer by regularly improving your skills outside of your day to day job duties.This will enhance your ability, increasing your value per hour, and your job security. You can make this investment in yourself by following a simple five step process.The first step is to determine the time investment you are willing to make,whether its one hour a week, or more, make a decision on the amount of timeyou're willing to spend improving your ability.Then budget that time by scheduling blocks of time in your calendar.Call it your ability investment, or some other descriptive title.Scheduling time in advance in your calendar will make it easier for you tostick to your commitment. The second step is to choose an area of study.If you've completed the previous videos, you have gone through an exercise toidentify your talents and job responsibilities.Now pick the areas that you are going to focus on,let's say, for the next month. The best choice will be related to your toptalents; those one, two, or three things you do best.Spend extra time to improve those talents in a way that benefits both you, and the company. The third step is to gather your materials for the course that you arecreating for yourself.You're going to find your own textbooks and other materials to improve theability you selected.If I'm trying to improve my ability with computers, I might choose books ormagazines about computers, or I might decide to enroll in online courses onparticular technologies.You can pool resources not only from books, and magazines, but also Web sites,blogs, and community classes. Step four is to commit to a deliverable. Tell a friend, a mentor, a coworker, orideally your manager about this ability investment that you're making.Let them know that you're going to deliver an assignment to them to demonstratewhat you've learned.Commit to a specific date, and ask them to put that date in their calendar tohold you accountable.This will strengthen your commitment, and allow the other person to play asupportive role for you. By being involved from the outset, they will want to support you, and give youwhatever resources they can to help you succeed.And the fifth step is to work the schedule that you created.At the scheduled time you have set for yourself, stop whatever you're doing, andfocus on that ability improvement.Make sure it doesn't get in the way of your normal job responsibilities, buttakes place outside of the work schedule as an investment in yourself.As you follow your training schedule, and create deliverable projects to youraccountability partner, you'll see that your talents grow, and you will progresssteadily toward becoming invaluable. Find answers to the most frequently asked questions about Discovering Your Strengths . Here are the FAQs that matched your search "" : Expand all \| Collapse all please wait ... Q: This course was updated on 01/03/2012. What changed? A: This course was retitled, streamlined, and refined throughout, resulting in a slightly shorter runtime. We also added new graphics and a new welcome movie. Sorry, there are no matches for your search "" —to search again, type in another word or phrase and click search. Learn by watching, listening, and doing, Exercise files are the same files the author uses in the course, so you can download them and follow along Premium memberships include access to all exercise files in the library. Already a member ? Learn by watching, listening, and doing! Exercise files are the same files the author uses in the course, so you can download them and follow along. Exercise files are available with all Premium memberships. Learn more Upgrade to our Annual Premium Membership today and get even more value from your lynda.com subscription: “In a way, I feel like you are rooting for me. Like you are really invested in my experience, and want me to get as much out of these courses as possible this is the best place to start on your journey to learning new material.”— Nadine H. Thanks for signing up. We’ll send you a confirmation email shortly. Sign up and receive emails about lynda.com and our online training library: new course releases newsletter general communications special notices Here’s our privacy policy with more details about how we handle your information. Keep up with news, tips, and latest courses with emails from lynda.com. Sign up and receive emails about lynda.com and our online training library: new course releases newsletter general communications special notices Here’s our privacy policy with more details about how we handle your information.
Tending a wound requires bandages, which can be purchased for cheap at the general store in Semanri's Northwest Town Square in bundles of 25 (and they can be worn for your convenience). Tending your own wounds is harder than tending someone else's and especially if you're trying to tend your own head, neck, or wings (Avians). If the wounded area is very damaged, you may require someone with a higher skill or a Healer to dress the wound. Tending relies on and gives skill experience towards the Heal skill.
/************************************************************************** Copyright (C) 2016 The Qt Company Ltd. Contact: https://www.qt.io/licensing/ This file is part of Qt Creator. Commercial License Usage Licensees holding valid commercial Qt licenses may use this file in accordance with the commercial license agreement provided with the Software or, alternatively, in accordance with the terms contained in a written agreement between you and The Qt Company. For licensing terms and conditions see https://www.qt.io/terms-conditions. For further information use the contact form at https://www.qt.io/contact-us. GNU General Public License Usage Alternatively, this file may be used under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 3 as published by the Free Software Foundation with exceptions as appearing in the file LICENSE.GPL3-EXCEPT included in the packaging of this file. Please review the following information to ensure the GNU General Public License requirements will be met: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html. *************************************************************************/ #pragma once #include "fancylineedit.h" #include "fileutils.h" #include <QWidget> QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE class QAbstractButton; class QLineEdit; QT_END_NAMESPACE namespace Utils { class FancyLineEdit; class MacroExpander; class Environment; class PathChooserPrivate; class QTCREATOR_UTILS_EXPORT PathChooser : public QWidget { Q_OBJECT Q_ENUMS(Kind) Q_PROPERTY(QString path READ path WRITE setPath NOTIFY pathChanged DESIGNABLE true) Q_PROPERTY(QString promptDialogTitle READ promptDialogTitle WRITE setPromptDialogTitle DESIGNABLE true) Q_PROPERTY(QString promptDialogFilter READ promptDialogFilter WRITE setPromptDialogFilter DESIGNABLE true) Q_PROPERTY(Kind expectedKind READ expectedKind WRITE setExpectedKind DESIGNABLE true) Q_PROPERTY(Utils::FilePath baseDirectory READ baseDirectory WRITE setBaseDirectory DESIGNABLE true) Q_PROPERTY(QStringList commandVersionArguments READ commandVersionArguments WRITE setCommandVersionArguments) Q_PROPERTY(bool readOnly READ isReadOnly WRITE setReadOnly DESIGNABLE true) // Designer does not know this type, so force designable to false: Q_PROPERTY(Utils::FilePath filePath READ filePath WRITE setFilePath DESIGNABLE false) public: static QString browseButtonLabel(); explicit PathChooser(QWidget parent = nullptr); ~PathChooser() override; enum Kind { ExistingDirectory, Directory, // A directory, doesn't need to exist File, SaveFile, ExistingCommand, // A command that must exist at the time of selection Command, // A command that may or may not exist at the time of selection (e.g. result of a build) Any }; // Default is <Directory> void setExpectedKind(Kind expected); Kind expectedKind() const; void setPromptDialogTitle(const QString &title); QString promptDialogTitle() const; void setPromptDialogFilter(const QString &filter); QString promptDialogFilter() const; void setInitialBrowsePathBackup(const QString &path); bool isValid() const; QString errorMessage() const; FilePath filePath() const; QString rawPath() const; // The raw unexpanded input. FilePath rawFilePath() const; // The raw unexpanded input as FilePath. static QString expandedDirectory(const QString &input, const Environment &env, const QString &baseDir); FilePath baseDirectory() const; void setBaseDirectory(const FilePath &base); void setEnvironment(const Environment &env); /** Returns the suggested label title when used in a form layout. / static QString label(); FancyLineEdit::ValidationFunction defaultValidationFunction() const; void setValidationFunction(const FancyLineEdit::ValidationFunction &fn); /* Return the home directory, which needs some fixing under Windows. / static QString homePath(); void addButton(const QString &text, QObject context, const std::function<void()> &callback); void insertButton(int index, const QString &text, QObject context, const std::function<void()> &callback); QAbstractButton buttonAtIndex(int index) const; FancyLineEdit lineEdit() const; // For PathChoosers of 'Command' type, this property specifies the arguments // required to obtain the tool version (commonly, '--version'). Setting them // causes the version to be displayed as a tooltip. QStringList commandVersionArguments() const; void setCommandVersionArguments(const QStringList &arguments); // Utility to run a tool and return its stdout. static QString toolVersion(const QString &binary, const QStringList &arguments); // Install a tooltip on lineedits used for binaries showing the version. static void installLineEditVersionToolTip(QLineEdit le, const QStringList &arguments); // Enable a history completer with a history of entries. void setHistoryCompleter(const QString &historyKey, bool restoreLastItemFromHistory = false); // Sets a macro expander that is used when producing path and fileName. // By default, the global expander is used. // nullptr can be passed to disable macro expansion. void setMacroExpander(MacroExpander macroExpander); bool isReadOnly() const; void setReadOnly(bool b); bool isFileDialogOnly() const; void setFileDialogOnly(bool b); void triggerChanged(); // global handler for adding context menus to ALL pathchooser // used by the coreplugin to add "Open in Terminal" and "Open in Explorer" context menu actions using AboutToShowContextMenuHandler = std::function<void (PathChooser , QMenu )>; static void setAboutToShowContextMenuHandler(AboutToShowContextMenuHandler handler); // Deprecated. Use filePath().toString() or better suitable conversions. QString path() const { return filePath().toString(); } // Deprecated. Use filePath() FilePath fileName() const { return filePath(); } // this sets the placeHolderText to defaultValue and enables to use this as // input value during validation if the real value is empty // setting an empty QString will disable this and clear the placeHolderText void setDefaultValue(const QString &defaultValue); private: bool validatePath(FancyLineEdit edit, QString errorMessage) const; // Returns overridden title or the one from <title> QString makeDialogTitle(const QString &title); void slotBrowse(); void contextMenuRequested(const QPoint &pos); void updateReadOnlyStateOfSubwidgets(); signals: void validChanged(bool validState); void rawPathChanged(const QString &text); void pathChanged(const QString &path); void editingFinished(); void beforeBrowsing(); void browsingFinished(); void returnPressed(); public slots: void setPath(const QString &); // Deprecated: Use setFilePath() void setFileName(const FilePath &path) { setFilePath(path); } void setFilePath(const FilePath &); private: PathChooserPrivate d = nullptr; static AboutToShowContextMenuHandler s_aboutToShowContextMenuHandler; }; } // namespace Utils
Q: Build private chats in Firebase and Javascript I am building an app with Firebase that requires private messaging between users. What I need is to build single chats for 1-1 chats, storing messages in Firestore. My idea: I guess the best way is to build a single collection for each chat, with the right security rules. Let's say an user with tokenID 1234 wants to talk with user with tokenID 1111, a new collection called 1234_1111 will be created (if not existing), and the security will allow only these two users to read and write. My question: Is it the right way? And how to do that in Javascript? I'm not sure how to define security rules directly in the JS code, neither how to create a collection with the two users ID. A: Security Rules are not defined in your JavaScript code, they are defined separately. What you suggest would be a reasonable approach to take although I'd use a subcollection for it, and a simplified version of your security rules might look something like: service cloud.firestore { match /databases/{database}/documents { match /dms/{idPair}/messages/{msgId} { allow read, write: if idPair.split('_')[0] == request.auth.uid \|\| idPair.split('_')[1] == request.auth.uid; } } } Then in your JS code you could do something along the lines of: // generate idPair function dmCollection(uid) { const idPair = [firebase.auth().currentUser.uid, toUid].join('_').sort(); return firebase.firestore().collection('dms').doc(idPair).collection('messages'); } // send a DM function sendDM(toUid, messageText) { return dmCollection(toUid).add({ from: firebase.auth().currentUser.uid, text: messageText, sent: firebase.firestore.FieldValue.serverTimestamp(), }); } // retrieve DMs function messagesWith(uid) { return dmCollection(uid).orderBy('sent', 'desc').get(); } Note that the idPair is constructed by joining a sorted pair of UIDs so that it will be stable no matter which user sends.
Hanseatic People's League The Hanseatic People's League () was a Weimar era political party in Lübeck, Germany. The party was founded in 1926. The party was formed by middle-class sectors that opposed the Social Democrats, in response to the takeover of the mayoral post of Lübeck by the Social Democrats. The Hanseatic People's League proclaimed itself as a 'gathering point for all non-Marxist, i.e. non-SPD/KPD, voters'. The party entered into an alliance with the German People's Party. In the 14 November 1926 Landtag election, the Hanseatic People's League became the largest party with 36 out of 80 seats in the assembly. In the 1929 Landtag election, the size of the party faction in the assembly shrunk to 29 seats. In total, the party had obtained 27,881 votes (35.51% of the votes cast). Following the 1932 Landtag election, the party supported the NSDAP (Nazi party) in the assembly. References Category:Defunct regional parties in Germany Category:Political parties in the Weimar Republic Category:History of Lübeck

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