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How to diagnose IgA Nephropathy ? | Currently, health care providers do not use blood or urine tests as reliable ways to diagnose IgA nephropathy; therefore, the diagnosis of IgA nephropathy requires a kidney biopsy.
A kidney biopsy is a procedure that involves taking a small piece of kidney tissue for examination with a microscope. A he... |
What are the treatments for IgA Nephropathy ? | Researchers have not yet found a specific cure for IgA nephropathy. Once the kidneys are scarred, they cannot be repaired. Therefore, the ultimate goal of IgA nephropathy treatment is to prevent or delay end-stage kidney disease. A health care provider may prescribe medications to
- control a persons b... |
How to prevent IgA Nephropathy ? | Researchers have not found a way to prevent IgA nephropathy. People with a family history of IgA nephropathy should talk with their health care provider to find out what steps they can take to keep their kidneys healthy, such as controlling their blood pressure and keeping their blood cholesterol at healthy levels. |
What to do for IgA Nephropathy ? | Researchers have not found that eating, diet, and nutrition play a role in causing or preventing IgA nephropathy. Health care providers may recommend that people with kidney disease, such as IgA nephropathy, make dietary changes such as
- limiting dietary sodium, often from salt, to help reduce edema a... |
What to do for IgA Nephropathy ? | - Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy, also known as Bergers disease, is a kidney disease that occurs when IgA deposits build up in the kidneys, causing inflammation that damages kidney tissues. - Scientists think that IgA nephropathy is an autoimmune kidney disease, meaning that the disease is due to the bodys immune ... |
What to do for What I need to know about Physical Activity and Diabetes ? | - Starting a physical activity program can help you lose weight or keep a healthy weight and keep your blood glucose levels on target. - Always talk with your health care team before you start a new physical activity program. - Ask your health care team if you need to change the amount of medicine you take or the foo... |
What are the treatments for Kidney Failure: Choosing a Treatment That's Right for You ? | If you have advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), you may soon need treatment to do the work your kidneys can no longer do. Learning about your treatment options for kidney failure will help you make the best choice for you. Each treatment has pros and cons. Your choice of treatment will have a big effect on your dail... |
What is (are) Kidney Failure: Choosing a Treatment That's Right for You ? | The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist. They are located just below the rib cage, one on each side of the spine. Every day, the two kidneys filter about 120 to 150 quarts of blood to produce about 1 to 2 quarts of urine, composed of wastes and extra fluid. The urine flows from the kidneys... |
What is (are) Kidney Failure: Choosing a Treatment That's Right for You ? | Chronic kidney disease means you have damaged kidneys that cannot filter blood normally. Wastes then build up in your blood, harming your body. Kidney disease usually does not get better and may lead to kidney failure. If your kidneys fail, current treatment options can help you live a longer, healthier life. Some peop... |
What are the treatments for Kidney Failure: Choosing a Treatment That's Right for You ? | You have three treatment options to choose from to filter your blood. A fourth option offers care without replacing the work of the kidneys. None of these treatments helps the kidneys get better. However, they all can help you feel better.
- Hemodialysis uses a machine to move your blood through a filt... |
What is (are) Kidney Failure: Choosing a Treatment That's Right for You ? | Purpose of Hemodialysis
The purpose of hemodialysis is to filter your blood. This type of dialysis uses a machine to remove harmful wastes and extra fluid, as your kidneys did when they were healthy. Hemodialysis helps control blood pressure and balance important minerals, such as potassium, sodium, ca... |
What is (are) Kidney Failure: Choosing a Treatment That's Right for You ? | Purpose of Peritoneal Dialysis
The purpose of peritoneal dialysis is to filter wastes and extra fluid from your body. This type of dialysis uses the lining of your bellythe space in your body that holds your stomach, bowels, and liverto filter your blood. This lining, called the peritoneum, acts to do ... |
What is (are) Kidney Failure: Choosing a Treatment That's Right for You ? | What should I know about kidney transplantation?
The purpose of kidney transplantation is to surgically place a healthy kidney from a donora person who has just died or a living person, most often a family memberinto your body. A kidney from someone who has just died is a deceased donor kidney. A kidne... |
What are the treatments for Kidney Failure: Choosing a Treatment That's Right for You ? | Conservative management for kidney failure is the choice to say no to or stop dialysis treatments. For many people, dialysis not only extends life, it also improves the quality of life. For others who have serious conditions in addition to kidney failure, dialysis may seem like a burden that only prolongs suffering. If... |
What to do for Kidney Failure: Choosing a Treatment That's Right for You ? | All of the treatment options for kidney failure require changes and restrictions in your diet.
Hemodialysis
Hemodialysis has the most restrictions. You should watch how much water and other liquids you get from food and drinks and avoid getting too much sodium, often from salt; potassi... |
What to do for Kidney Failure: Choosing a Treatment That's Right for You ? | - You have three treatment options to choose from to filter your blood. A fourth option offers care without replacing the work of the kidneys. - Hemodialysis - Peritoneal dialysis - Kidney transplantation - Conservative management - None of these treatments helps the kidneys get better. However, they a... |
What is (are) Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis ? | PSC is a disease that damages and blocks bile ducts inside and outside the liver. Bile is a liquid made in the liver. Bile ducts are tubes that carry bile out of the liver to the gallbladder and small intestine. In the intestine, bile helps break down fat in food.
In PSC, inflammation of the bile ducts... |
What causes Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis ? | The causes of PSC are not known. Genes, immune system problems, bacteria, and viruses may play roles in the development of the disease.
PSC is linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). About three out of four people with PSC have a type of IBD called ulcerative colitis. The link between PSC and IBD i... |
Who is at risk for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis? ? | Most people with PSC are adults but the disease also occurs in children. The average age at diagnosis is 40. PSC is more common in men than women. Having family members with PSC may increase a person's risk for developing PSC. |
What are the symptoms of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis ? | The main symptoms of PSC are itching, fatigue, and yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes. An infection in the bile ducts can cause chills and fever. PSC progresses slowly, so a person can have the disease for years before symptoms develop. |
What are the complications of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis ? | PSC can lead to various complications, including
- deficiencies of vitamins A, D, E, and K - infections of the bile ducts - cirrhosisextensive scarring of the liver - liver failure - bile duct cancer |
How to diagnose Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis ? | Blood tests to check levels of liver enzymes are the first step in diagnosing PSC. Doctors confirm the diagnosis using cholangiography, which provides pictures of the bile ducts.
Cholangiography can be performed in the following ways:
- Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (... |
What are the treatments for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis ? | Although researchers have studied many treatments, none has been shown to cure or slow the progress of PSC. Treatment of PSC aims to relieve symptoms and manage complications. Medical treatment may include various medications to relieve itching, antibiotics to treat infections, and vitamin supplements. Instruments pass... |
What to do for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis ? | - Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) inflames, scars, and blocks bile ducts inside and outside the liver. - When bile ducts become blocked, bile builds up in the liver and damages liver cells. - PSC can lead to vitamin deficiencies, infections, bile duct cancer, cirrhosis, liver failure, and the need for a liver tr... |
What is (are) What I need to know about Lactose Intolerance ? | Lactose
*
intestine
lactase
,
enzyme
*See the Pronunciation Guide for tips on how to say the words in bold type. |
What is (are) What I need to know about Lactose Intolerance ? | Lactose intolerance means you have symptoms such as bloating, diarrhea, and gas after you have milk or milk products.
If your small intestine does not produce much lactase, you cannot break down much lactose. Lactose that does not break down goes to your colon. The colon is an organ that absorbs water ... |
What are the symptoms of What I need to know about Lactose Intolerance ? | Common symptoms of lactose intolerance include
- bloating, a feeling of fullness or swelling, in your belly - pain in your belly - diarrhea - gas - nausea
You may feel symptoms 30 minutes to 2 hours after you have milk or milk products. You may have mild or severe symptoms. |
What to do for What I need to know about Lactose Intolerance ? | Talk with your doctor about your dietary plan. A dietary plan can help you manage the symptoms of lactose intolerance and get enough nutrients. If you have a child with lactose intolerance, follow the diet plan that your childs doctor recommends.
Milk and milk products. You may be able to have milk and... |
What to do for What I need to know about Lactose Intolerance ? | - Lactose is a sugar found in milk and milk products. - Lactose intolerance means you have symptoms such as bloating, diarrhea, and gas after you have milk or milk products. - Your doctor will try to find out if you have lactose intolerance with a medical, family, and diet history; a physical exam; and medical tests.... |
What is (are) Medullary Sponge Kidney ? | Medullary sponge kidney, also known as Cacchi-Ricci disease, is a birth defect where changes occur in the tubules, or tiny tubes, inside a fetus kidneys.
In a normal kidney, urine flows through these tubules as the kidney is being formed during a fetus growth. In medullary sponge kidney, tiny, fluid-fi... |
What are the complications of Medullary Sponge Kidney ? | Complications of medullary sponge kidney include
- hematuria, or blood in the urine - kidney stones - urinary tract infections (UTIs)
Medullary sponge kidney rarely leads to more serious problems, such as chronic kidney disease or kidney failure. |
What causes Medullary Sponge Kidney ? | Scientists do not fully understand the cause of medullary sponge kidney or why cysts form in the tubules during fetal development. Even though medullary sponge kidney is present at birth, most cases do not appear to be inherited. |
How many people are affected by Medullary Sponge Kidney ? | Medullary sponge kidney affects about one person per 5,000 people in the United States. Researchers have reported that 12 to 20 percent of people who develop calcium-based kidney stones have medullary sponge kidney1. |
What are the symptoms of Medullary Sponge Kidney ? | Many people with medullary sponge kidney have no symptoms. The first sign that a person has medullary sponge kidney is usually a UTI or a kidney stone. UTIs and kidney stones share many of the same signs and symptoms:
- burning or painful urination - pain in the back, lower abdomen, or groin - cloudy... |
How to diagnose Medullary Sponge Kidney ? | A health care provider diagnoses medullary sponge kidney based on
- a medical and family history - a physical exam - imaging studies
Medical and Family History
Taking a medical and family history can help diagnose medullary sponge kidney. A health care provider will ... |
What are the treatments for Medullary Sponge Kidney ? | Scientists have not discovered a way to reverse medullary sponge kidney. Once a health care provider is sure a person has medullary sponge kidney, treatment focuses on
- curing an existing UTI - removing any kidney stones
Curing an Existing Urinary Tract Infection
To ... |
How to prevent Medullary Sponge Kidney ? | Scientists have not yet found a way to prevent medullary sponge kidney. However, health care providers can recommend medications and dietary changes to prevent future UTIs and kidney stones. |
How to prevent Medullary Sponge Kidney ? | Health care providers may prescribe certain medications to prevent UTIs and kidney stones:
- A person with medullary sponge kidney may need to continue taking a low-dose antibiotic to prevent recurrent infections. - Medications that reduce calcium in the urine may help prevent calcium kidney stones. T... |
What to do for Medullary Sponge Kidney ? | The following changes in diet may help prevent UTIs and kidney stone formation:
- Drinking plenty of water and other liquids can help flush bacteria from the urinary tract and dilute urine so kidney stones cannot form. A person should drink enough liquid to produce about 2 to 2.5 quarts of urine every ... |
What to do for Medullary Sponge Kidney ? | - Medullary sponge kidney, also known as Cacchi-Ricci disease, is a birth defect where changes occur in the tubules, or tiny tubes, inside a fetus kidneys. - Symptoms of medullary sponge kidney do not usually appear until the teenage years or the 20s. Medullary sponge kidney can affect one or both kidneys. - Complica... |
What is (are) Hemorrhoids ? | Hemorrhoids are swollen and inflamed veins around the anus or in the lower rectum. The rectum is the last part of the large intestine leading to the anus. The anus is the opening at the end of the digestive tract where bowel contents leave the body.
External hemorrhoids are located under the skin aroun... |
What are the symptoms of Hemorrhoids ? | The most common symptom of internal hemorrhoids is bright red blood on stool, on toilet paper, or in the toilet bowl after a bowel movement. Internal hemorrhoids that are not prolapsed are usually not painful. Prolapsed hemorrhoids often cause pain, discomfort, and anal itching.
Blood clots may form in... |
How many people are affected by Hemorrhoids ? | About 75 percent of people will have hemorrhoids at some point in their lives.1 Hemorrhoids are most common among adults ages 45 to 65.2 Hemorrhoids are also common in pregnant women. |
What causes Hemorrhoids ? | Swelling in the anal or rectal veins causes hemorrhoids. Several factors may cause this swelling, including
- chronic constipation or diarrhea - straining during bowel movements - sitting on the toilet for long periods of time - a lack of fiber in the diet
Another cause of hemorrhoi... |
How to diagnose Hemorrhoids ? | The doctor will examine the anus and rectum to determine whether a person has hemorrhoids. Hemorrhoid symptoms are similar to the symptoms of other anorectal problems, such as fissures, abscesses, warts, and polyps.
The doctor will perform a physical exam to look for visible hemorrhoids. A digital rect... |
What are the treatments for Hemorrhoids ? | At-home Treatments
Simple diet and lifestyle changes often reduce the swelling of hemorrhoids and relieve hemorrhoid symptoms. Eating a high-fiber diet can make stools softer and easier to pass, reducing the pressure on hemorrhoids caused by straining.
Fiber is a substance found in pla... |
What to do for Hemorrhoids ? | - Hemorrhoids are swollen and inflamed veins around the anus or in the lower rectum. - Hemorrhoids are not dangerous or life threatening, and symptoms usually go away within a few days. - A thorough evaluation and proper diagnosis by a doctor is important any time a person notices bleeding from the rectum or blood in... |
What is (are) Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your mouth healthy ? | The following chart shows the most common mouth problems from diabetes.
Problem What It Is Symptoms Treatment gingivitis - unhealthy or inflamed gums - red, swollen, and bleeding gums - daily bru... |
What is (are) Graves' Disease ? | Graves disease, also known as toxic diffuse goiter, is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in the United States. Hyperthyroidism is a disorder that occurs when the thyroid gland makes more thyroid hormone than the body needs.
The Thyroid
The thyroid is a 2-inch-long, butterfly-sha... |
What are the symptoms of Graves' Disease ? | People with Graves disease may have common symptoms of hyperthyroidism such as
- nervousness or irritability - fatigue or muscle weakness - heat intolerance - trouble sleeping - hand tremors - rapid and irregular heartbeat - frequent bowel movements or diarrhea - weight loss - goiter, which is ... |
What is (are) Graves' Disease ? | Graves ophthalmopathy is a condition associated with Graves disease that occurs when cells from the immune system attack the muscles and other tissues around the eyes.
The result is inflammation and a buildup of tissue and fat behind the eye socket, causing the eyeballs to bulge out. Rarely, inflammati... |
How to diagnose Graves' Disease ? | Health care providers can sometimes diagnose Graves disease based only on a physical examination and a medical history. Blood tests and other diagnostic tests, such as the following, then confirm the diagnosis.
TSH test. The ultrasensitive TSH test is usually the first test performed. This test detects... |
What are the treatments for Graves' Disease ? | People with Graves disease have three treatment options: radioiodine therapy, medications, and thyroid surgery. Radioiodine therapy is the most common treatment for Graves disease in the United States. Graves disease is often diagnosed and treated by an endocrinologista doctor who specializes in the bodys hormone- secr... |
What are the treatments for Graves' Disease ? | Treatment for Graves disease can sometimes affect pregnancy. After treatment with surgery or radioactive iodine, TSI antibodies can still be present in the blood, even when thyroid levels are normal. If a pregnant woman has received either of these treatments prior to becoming pregnant, the antibodies she produces may ... |
What to do for Graves' Disease ? | Experts recommend that people eat a balanced diet to obtain most nutrients. More information about diet and nutrition is provided by the National Agricultural Library available at www.nutrition.gov.
Dietary Supplements
Iodine is an essential mineral for the thyroid. However, people wit... |
What to do for Graves' Disease ? | - Graves disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in the United States. - In Graves disease, the immune system stimulates the thyroid gland to make too much thyroid hormone. - Common symptoms of hyperthyroidism include nervousness or irritability, fatigue or muscle weakness, heat intolerance, trouble sleep... |
What is (are) Causes of Diabetes ? | Diabetes is a complex group of diseases with a variety of causes. People with diabetes have high blood glucose, also called high blood sugar or hyperglycemia.
Diabetes is a disorder of metabolismthe way the body uses digested food for energy. The digestive tract breaks down carbohydratessugars and star... |
What causes Causes of Diabetes ? | Type 1 diabetes is caused by a lack of insulin due to the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. In type 1 diabetesan autoimmune diseasethe bodys immune system attacks and destroys the beta cells. Normally, the immune system protects the body from infection by identifying and destroying bacteria, ... |
What causes Causes of Diabetes ? | Type 2 diabetesthe most common form of diabetesis caused by a combination of factors, including insulin resistance, a condition in which the bodys muscle, fat, and liver cells do not use insulin effectively. Type 2 diabetes develops when the body can no longer produce enough insulin to compensate for the impaired abili... |
What causes Causes of Diabetes ? | Insulin Resistance and Beta Cell Dysfunction
Hormones produced by the placenta and other pregnancy-related factors contribute to insulin resistance, which occurs in all women during late pregnancy. Insulin resistance increases the amount of insulin needed to control blood glucose levels. If the pancrea... |
What causes Causes of Diabetes ? | Other types of diabetes have a variety of possible causes.
Genetic Mutations Affecting Beta Cells, Insulin, and Insulin Action
Some relatively uncommon forms of diabetes known as monogenic diabetes are caused by mutations, or changes, in a single gene. These mutations are usually inher... |
What causes Causes of Diabetes ? | Other types of diabetes have a variety of possible causes.
Genetic Mutations Affecting Beta Cells, Insulin, and Insulin Action
Some relatively uncommon forms of diabetes known as monogenic diabetes are caused by mutations, or changes, in a single gene. These mutations are usually inher... |
What to do for Causes of Diabetes ? | - Diabetes is a complex group of diseases with a variety of causes. Scientists believe genes and environmental factors interact to cause diabetes in most cases. - People with diabetes have high blood glucose, also called high blood sugar or hyperglycemia. Diabetes develops when the body doesnt make enough insulin or i... |
What is (are) What I need to know about Gestational Diabetes ? | Gestational* diabetes is a type of diabetes that develops only during pregnancy. Diabetes means your blood glucose, also called blood sugar, is too high. Your body uses glucose for energy. Too much glucose in your blood is not good for you or your baby.
Gestational diabetes is usually diagnosed during ... |
What causes What I need to know about Gestational Diabetes ? | Gestational diabetes happens when your body can't make enough insulin during pregnancy. Insulin is a hormone made in your pancreas, an organ located behind your stomach. Insulin helps your body use glucose for energy and helps control your blood glucose levels.
During pregnancy, your body makes more ho... |
What is (are) What I need to know about Gestational Diabetes ? | Your chances of getting gestational diabetes are higher if you
- are overweight - have had gestational diabetes before - have given birth to a baby weighing more than 9 pounds - have a parent, brother, or sister with type 2 diabetes - have prediabetes, meaning your blood glucose levels are higher t... |
How to diagnose What I need to know about Gestational Diabetes ? | Doctors use blood tests to diagnose gestational diabetes. All diabetes blood tests involve drawing blood at a doctor's office or a commercial facility. Blood samples are sent to a lab for analysis.
Screening Glucose Challenge Test
For this test, you will drink a sugar... |
How to diagnose What I need to know about Gestational Diabetes ? | If you have gestational diabetes, your doctor may recommend that you have some extra tests to check your baby's health, such as
- ultrasound exams, which use sound waves to make images that show your baby's growth and whether your baby is larger than normal - a nonstress test, which uses a monitor pla... |
What are the treatments for What I need to know about Gestational Diabetes ? | Treating gestational diabetes means taking steps to keep your blood glucose levels in a target range. Targets are numbers you aim for. Your doctor will help you set your targets. You will learn how to control your blood glucose using
- healthy eating - physical activity - insulin shots, if needed |
What to do for What I need to know about Gestational Diabetes ? | Your health care team will help you make a healthy eating plan with food choices that are good for both you and your baby. These choices are good for you to follow throughout pregnancy and after, as you raise your family.
Using a healthy eating plan will help your blood glucose stay in your target rang... |
How to diagnose What I need to know about Gestational Diabetes ? | Your health care team may teach you how to test for chemicals called ketones in your morning urine or in your blood. High levels of ketones are a sign that your body is using your body fat for energy instead of the food you eat. Using fat for energy is not recommended during pregnancy. Ketones may be harmful for your b... |
How to prevent What I need to know about Gestational Diabetes ? | You can do a lot to prevent or delay type 2 diabetes by making these lifestyle changes:
- Reach and stay at a healthy weight. Try to reach your prepregnancy weight 6 to 12 months after your baby is born. Then, if you still weigh too much, work to lose at least 5 to 7 percent of your body weight and kee... |
What to do for What I need to know about Gestational Diabetes ? | - Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that develops only during pregnancy. Diabetes means your blood glucose, also called blood sugar, is too high. - Gestational diabetes happens when your body can't make enough insulin during pregnancy. Insulin is a hormone made in your pancreas, an organ located behind your s... |
What is (are) Cirrhosis ? | Cirrhosis is a condition in which the liver slowly deteriorates and is unable to function normally due to chronic, or long lasting, injury. Scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue and partially blocks the flow of blood through the liver.
The liver is the bodys largest internal organ. The liver is cal... |
What causes Cirrhosis ? | Cirrhosis has various causes. Many people with cirrhosis have more than one cause of liver damage.
The list below shows common causes of cirrhosis in the United States.2 While chronic hepatitis C and alcohol-related liver disease are the most common causes of cirrhosis, the incidence of cirrhosis cause... |
What are the symptoms of Cirrhosis ? | Many people with cirrhosis have no symptoms in the early stages of the disease. However, as the disease progresses, a person may experience the following symptoms:
- fatigue, or feeling tired - weakness - itching - loss of appetite - weight loss - nausea - bloating of the abdomen from ascitesa bu... |
What are the complications of Cirrhosis ? | As the liver fails, complications may develop. In some people, complications may be the first signs of the disease. Complications of cirrhosis may include the following:
Portal hypertension. The portal vein carries blood from the stomach, intestines, spleen, gallbladder, and pancreas to the liver. In c... |
How to diagnose Cirrhosis ? | A health care provider usually diagnoses cirrhosis based on the presence of conditions that increase its likelihood, such as heavy alcohol use or obesity, and symptoms. A health care provider may test for cirrhosis based on the presence of these conditions alone because many people do not have symptoms in the early sta... |
What are the treatments for Cirrhosis ? | Treatment for cirrhosis depends on the cause of the disease and whether complications are present. In the early stages of cirrhosis, the goals of treatment are to slow the progression of tissue scarring in the liver and prevent complications. As cirrhosis progresses, a person may need additional treatments and hospital... |
What to do for Cirrhosis ? | A healthy diet is important in all stages of cirrhosis because malnutrition is common in people with this disease. Malnutrition is a condition that occurs when the body does not get enough nutrients. Cirrhosis may lead to malnutrition because it can cause
- people to eat less because of symptoms such a... |
What to do for Cirrhosis ? | - Cirrhosis is a condition in which the liver slowly deteriorates and is unable to function normally due to chronic, or long lasting, injury. Scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue and partially blocks the flow of blood through the liver. - The most common causes of cirrhosis in the United States are chronic hepati... |
What is (are) Viral Hepatitis: A through E and Beyond ? | Viral hepatitis is inflammation of the liver caused by a virus. Several different viruses, named the hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E viruses, cause viral hepatitis.
All of these viruses cause acute, or short-term, viral hepatitis. The hepatitis B, C, and D viruses can also cause chronic hepatitis, in which... |
What are the symptoms of Viral Hepatitis: A through E and Beyond ? | Symptoms include
- jaundice, which causes a yellowing of the skin and eyes - fatigue - abdominal pain - loss of appetite - nausea - vomiting - diarrhea - low grade fever - headache
However, some people do not have symptoms. |
What to do for Viral Hepatitis: A through E and Beyond ? | - Viral hepatitis is inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis A, B, C, D, or E viruses. - Depending on the type of virus, viral hepatitis is spread through contaminated food or water, contact with infected blood, sexual contact with an infected person, or from mother to child during childbirth. - Vaccines of... |
What causes Viral Hepatitis: A through E and Beyond ? | Some cases of viral hepatitis cannot be attributed to the hepatitis A, B, C, D, or E viruses, or even the less common viruses that can infect the liver, such as cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, herpesvirus, parvovirus, and adenovirus. These cases are called non-AE hepatitis. Scientists continue to study the causes ... |
What is (are) Hypoglycemia ? | Hypoglycemia, also called low blood glucose or low blood sugar, occurs when blood glucose drops below normal levels. Glucose, an important source of energy for the body, comes from food. Carbohydrates are the main dietary source of glucose. Rice, potatoes, bread, tortillas, cereal, milk, fruit, and sweets are all carbo... |
What is (are) Hypoglycemia ? | Hypoglycemia, also called low blood glucose or low blood sugar, occurs when blood glucose drops below normal levels. Glucose, an important source of energy for the body, comes from food. Carbohydrates are the main dietary source of glucose. Rice, potatoes, bread, tortillas, cereal, milk, fruit, and sweets are all carbo... |
What are the symptoms of Hypoglycemia ? | Hypoglycemia causes symptoms such as
- hunger - shakiness - nervousness - sweating - dizziness or light-headedness - sleepiness - confusion - difficulty speaking - anxiety - weakness
Hypoglycemia can also happen during sleep. Some signs of hypoglycemia during sleep include
... |
What are the symptoms of Hypoglycemia ? | Hypoglycemia causes symptoms such as
- hunger - shakiness - nervousness - sweating - dizziness or light-headedness - sleepiness - confusion - difficulty speaking - anxiety - weakness
Hypoglycemia can also happen during sleep. Some signs of hypoglycemia during sleep include
... |
What causes Hypoglycemia ? | Diabetes Medications
Hypoglycemia can occur as a side effect of some diabetes medications, including insulin and oral diabetes medicationspillsthat increase insulin production, such as
- chlorpropamide (Diabinese) - glimepiride (Amaryl) - glipizide (Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL) - glybur... |
What causes Hypoglycemia ? | Diabetes Medications
Hypoglycemia can occur as a side effect of some diabetes medications, including insulin and oral diabetes medicationspillsthat increase insulin production, such as
- chlorpropamide (Diabinese) - glimepiride (Amaryl) - glipizide (Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL) - glybur... |
How to prevent Hypoglycemia ? | Diabetes treatment plans are designed to match the dose and timing of medication to a person's usual schedule of meals and activities. Mismatches could result in hypoglycemia. For example, taking a dose of insulinor other medication that increases insulin levelsbut then skipping a meal could result in hypoglycemia.
... |
What are the treatments for Hypoglycemia ? | Signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia vary from person to person. People with diabetes should get to know their signs and symptoms and describe them to their friends and family so they can help if needed. School staff should be told how to recognize a child's signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and how to treat it.
... |
What are the treatments for Hypoglycemia ? | Signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia vary from person to person. People with diabetes should get to know their signs and symptoms and describe them to their friends and family so they can help if needed. School staff should be told how to recognize a child's signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and how to treat it.
... |
What to do for Hypoglycemia ? | Two types of hypoglycemia can occur in people who do not have diabetes:
- Reactive hypoglycemia, also called postprandial hypoglycemia, occurs within 4 hours after meals. - Fasting hypoglycemia, also called postabsorptive hypoglycemia, is often related to an underlying disease.
Sympto... |
What to do for Hypoglycemia ? | Diabetes-related Hypoglycemia
- When people with diabetes think their blood glucose level is low, they should check it and treat the problem right away. - To treat hypoglycemia, people should have a serving of a quick-fix food, wait 15 minutes, and check their blood glucose again. They should repeat t... |
What is (are) Fecal Incontinence ? | Fecal incontinence, also called a bowel control problem, is the accidental passing of solid or liquid stool or mucus from the rectum. Fecal incontinence includes the inability to hold a bowel movement until reaching a toilet as well as passing stool into ones underwear without being aware of it happening. Stool, also c... |
Who is at risk for Fecal Incontinence? ? | Nearly 18 million U.S. adultsabout one in 12have fecal incontinence.1 People of any age can have a bowel control problem, though fecal incontinence is more common in older adults. Fecal incontinence is slightly more common among women. Having any of the following can increase the risk:
- diarrhea, whic... |
What is (are) Fecal Incontinence ? | The GI tract is a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus. The movement of muscles in the GI tract, along with the release of hormones and enzymes, allows for the digestion of food. Organs that make up the GI tract are the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large inte... |
What causes Fecal Incontinence ? | Fecal incontinence has many causes, including
- diarrhea - constipation - muscle damage or weakness - nerve damage - loss of stretch in the rectum - childbirth by vaginal delivery - hemorrhoids and rectal prolapse - rectocele - inactivity
Diarrhea
Diarrhea can ... |
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