Questions stringlengths 14 191 | Answers stringlengths 6 29k ⌀ |
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What to do for Primary Hyperparathyroidism ? | - Primary hyperparathyroidism is a disorder of the parathyroid glands, in which one or more of the parathyroid glands are overactive. As a result, the gland releases too much parathyroid hormone (PTH). - High PTH levels trigger the bones to release increased calcium into the blood, causing blood calcium levels to rise... |
What is (are) Kidney Dysplasia ? | Kidney dysplasia is a condition in which the internal structures of one or both of a fetus kidneys do not develop normally while in the womb. During normal development, two thin tubes of muscle called ureters grow into the kidneys and branch out to form a network of tiny structures called tubules. The tubules collect u... |
What is (are) Kidney Dysplasia ? | The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist. They are located just below the rib cage, one on each side of the spine. Every day, the two kidneys filter about 120 to 150 quarts of blood to produce about 1 to 2 quarts of urine, which is composed of wastes and extra fluid. Children produce less u... |
What causes Kidney Dysplasia ? | Genetic factors can cause kidney dysplasia. Genes pass information from both parents to the child and determine the childs traits. Sometimes, parents may pass a gene that has changed, or mutated, causing kidney dysplasia.
Genetic syndromes that affect multiple body systems can also cause kidney dysplas... |
How many people are affected by Kidney Dysplasia ? | Kidney dysplasia is a common condition. Scientists estimate that kidney dysplasia affects about one in 4,000 babies.1 This estimate may be low because some people with kidney dysplasia are never diagnosed with the condition. About half of the babies diagnosed with this condition have other urinary tract defects.2 |
What are the symptoms of Kidney Dysplasia ? | Many babies with kidney dysplasia in only one kidney have no signs of the condition. In some cases, the affected kidney may be enlarged at birth and may cause pain. |
What are the complications of Kidney Dysplasia ? | The complications of kidney dysplasia can include
- hydronephrosis of the working kidney. A baby with kidney dysplasia in only one kidney might have other urinary tract defects. When other defects in the urinary tract block the flow of urine, the urine backs up and causes the kidneys and ureters to swe... |
How to diagnose Kidney Dysplasia ? | Health care providers may be able to diagnose kidney dysplasia during a womans pregnancy using a fetal ultrasound, also called a fetal sonogram. Ultrasound uses a device, called a transducer, that bounces safe, painless sound waves off organs to create an image of their structure. Fetal ultrasound is a test done during... |
What are the treatments for Kidney Dysplasia ? | If the condition is limited to one kidney and the baby has no signs of kidney dysplasia, no treatment may be necessary. However, the baby should have regular checkups that include
- checking blood pressure. - testing blood to measure kidney function. - testing urine for albumin, a protein most often ... |
How to prevent Kidney Dysplasia ? | Researchers have not found a way to prevent kidney dysplasia caused by genetic factors or certain genetic syndromes. Pregnant women can prevent kidney dysplasia by avoiding the use of certain prescription medications or illegal drugs during pregnancy. Pregnant women should talk with their health care provider before ta... |
What is the outlook for Kidney Dysplasia ? | The long-term outlook for a child with kidney dysplasia in only one kidney is generally good. A person with one working kidney, a condition called solitary kidney, can grow normally and may have few, if any, health problems.
The affected kidney may shrink as the child grows. By age 10,3 the affected ki... |
What is the outlook for Kidney Dysplasia ? | The long-term outlook for a child with kidney dysplasia in both kidneys is different from the long-term outlook for a child with one dysplastic kidney. A child with kidney dysplasia in both kidneys
- is more likely to develop CKD. - needs close follow-up with a pediatric nephrologista doctor who speci... |
What to do for Kidney Dysplasia ? | Researchers have not found that eating, diet, and nutrition play a role in causing or preventing kidney dysplasia. |
What to do for Kidney Dysplasia ? | - Kidney dysplasia is a condition in which the internal structures of one or both of a fetus kidneys do not develop normally while in the womb. - Genetic factors can cause kidney dysplasia. - Genetic syndromes that affect multiple body systems can also cause kidney dysplasia. - A baby may also develop kidney dysplas... |
What is (are) Urinary Incontinence in Men ? | Urinary incontinence is the loss of bladder control, resulting in the accidental leakage of urine from the body. For example, a man may feel a strong, sudden need, or urgency, to urinate just before losing a large amount of urine, called urgency incontinence.
UI can be slightly bothersome or totally de... |
What is (are) Urinary Incontinence in Men ? | The urinary tract is the bodys drainage system for removing urine, which is composed of wastes and extra fluid. In order for normal urination to occur, all parts in the urinary tract need to work together in the correct order.
Kidneys. The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fi... |
What is (are) Urinary Incontinence in Men ? | The prostate is a walnut-shaped gland that is part of the male reproductive system. The prostate has two or more lobes, or sections, enclosed by an outer layer of tissue. Located in front of the rectum and just below the bladder, the prostate surrounds the urethra at the neck of the bladder and supplies fluid that goes... |
What causes Urinary Incontinence in Men ? | Urinary incontinence in men results when the brain does not properly signal the bladder, the sphincters do not squeeze strongly enough, or both. The bladder muscle may contract too much or not enough because of a problem with the muscle itself or the nerves controlling the bladder muscle. Damage to the sphincter muscle... |
What is (are) Urinary Incontinence in Men ? | The types of UI in men include
- urgency incontinence - stress incontinence - functional incontinence - overflow incontinence - transient incontinence
Urgency Incontinence
Urgency incontinence happens when a man urinates involuntarily after he has a strong desire, ... |
How many people are affected by Urinary Incontinence in Men ? | Urinary incontinence occurs in 11 to 34 percent of older men. Two to 11 percent of older men report daily UI.1 Although more women than men develop UI, the chances of a man developing UI increase with age because he is more likely to develop prostate problems as he ages. Men are also less likely to speak with a health ... |
How to diagnose Urinary Incontinence in Men ? | Men should tell a health care professional, such as a family practice physician, a nurse, an internist, or a urologista doctor who specializes in urinary problemsthey have UI, even if they feel embarrassed. To diagnose UI, the health care professional will
- take a medical history - conduct a physical... |
What are the treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Men ? | Treatment depends on the type of UI.
Urgency Incontinence
As a first line of therapy for urgency incontinence, a health care professional may recommend the following techniques to treat a mans problem:
- behavioral and lifestyle changes - bladder training - pelvic fl... |
How to prevent Urinary Incontinence in Men ? | People who smoke should stop. Quitting smoking at any age promotes bladder health and overall health. Smoking increases a persons chance of developing stress incontinence, as it increases coughing. Some people say smoking worsens their bladder irritation. Smoking causes most cases of bladder cancer. People who smoke fo... |
What to do for Urinary Incontinence in Men ? | - Urinary incontinence (UI) is the loss of bladder control, resulting in the accidental leakage of urine from the body. - The urinary tract is the bodys drainage system for removing urine, which is composed of wastes and extra fluid. - Every day, the kidneys filter about 120 to 150 quarts of blood to produce about 1 ... |
What is (are) What I need to know about Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome ? | Interstitial cystitis*painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) is one of several conditions that causes bladder pain and a need to urinate frequently and urgently. Some doctors have started using the term bladder pain syndrome (BPS) to describe this condition.
Your bladder is a balloon-shaped organ where your... |
What are the symptoms of What I need to know about Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome ? | Signs of bladder problems include
- Urgency. The feeling that you need to go right now! Urgency is normal if you haven't been near a bathroom for a few hours or if you have been drinking a lot of fluids. But you may have a problem if you have strong urges before your bladder has had time to fill. All ... |
What causes What I need to know about Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome ? | Many different problems can cause urgency, frequency, and bladder pain. Just a few of them are
- infections - bowel disorders - endometriosistissue that normally lines the womb that appears in other places outside of the womb - bladder cancer
Your doctor will ask you questions and r... |
Who is at risk for What I need to know about Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome? ? | Both men and women can get IC/PBS, though twice as many women are affected as men. It can occur at any age, but it is most common in middle age.
People with IC/PBS rarely have bladder pain all the time. The pain usually comes and goes as the bladder fills and then empties. The pain may go away for week... |
How to diagnose What I need to know about Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome ? | Finding the cause of bladder pain may require several tests.
While tests may aid your doctor in making a diagnosis of IC/PBS, a careful review of your symptoms and a physical exam in the office are generally the most important parts of the evaluation. |
What are the treatments for What I need to know about Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome ? | No one treatment for IC/PBS has been found that works for everyone. Your doctor or nurse will work with you to find a treatment plan that meets your special needs. The plan may include diet and lifestyle changes, bladder retraining, activity and exercise, physical therapy, and various types of medicines. You should exp... |
What to do for What I need to know about Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome ? | - Bladder problems have many possible causes. - Your doctor will need to do tests to find the cause of your bladder problems. If all the test results are normal, you may have IC/PBS. - No one treatment option for IC/PBS works for everybody. - Treatments for IC/PBS may include changing your diet and exercising. - Me... |
What is (are) Vesicoureteral Reflux ? | Vesicoureteral reflux is the abnormal flow of urine from the bladder to the upper urinary tract. The urinary tract is the bodys drainage system for removing wastes and extra water. The urinary tract includes two kidneys, two ureters, a bladder, and a urethra. Blood flows through the kidneys, and the kidneys filter out ... |
Who is at risk for Vesicoureteral Reflux? ? | Vesicoureteral reflux is more common in infants and young children, but older children and even adults can be affected. About 10 percent of children have VUR.1 Studies estimate that VUR occurs in about 32 percent of siblings of an affected child. This rate may be as low as 7 percent in older siblings and as high as 100... |
What is (are) Vesicoureteral Reflux ? | The two types of VUR are primary and secondary. Most cases of VUR are primary and typically affect only one ureter and kidney. With primary VUR, a child is born with a ureter that did not grow long enough during the childs development in the womb. The valve formed by the ureter pressing against the bladder wall does no... |
What are the symptoms of Vesicoureteral Reflux ? | In many cases, a child with VUR has no symptoms. When symptoms are present, the most common is a urinary tract infection (UTI). VUR can lead to infection because urine that remains in the childs urinary tract provides a place for bacteria to grow. Studies estimate that 30 percent of children and up to 70 percent of inf... |
What are the complications of Vesicoureteral Reflux ? | When a child with VUR gets a UTI, bacteria can move into the kidney and lead to scarring. Scarring of the kidney can be associated with high blood pressure and kidney failure. However, most children with VUR who get a UTI recover without long-term complications. |
How to diagnose Vesicoureteral Reflux ? | The most common tests used to diagnose VUR include
- Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG). VCUG is an x-ray image of the bladder and urethra taken during urination, also called voiding. The bladder and urethra are filled with a special dye, called contrast medium, to make the urethra clearly visible. The x-... |
How to diagnose Vesicoureteral Reflux ? | Following diagnosis, children with VUR should have a general medical evaluation that includes blood pressure measurement, as high blood pressure is an indicator of kidney damage. If both kidneys are affected, a childs blood should be tested for creatininea waste product of normal muscle breakdown. Healthy kidneys remov... |
What are the treatments for Vesicoureteral Reflux ? | The standard treatment for primary VUR has included prompt treatment of UTIs and long-term use of antibiotics to prevent UTIs, also called antimicrobial prophylaxis, until VUR goes away on its own. Antibiotics are bacteria-fighting medications. Surgery has also been used in certain cases.
Several studi... |
What are the treatments for Vesicoureteral Reflux ? | Secondary VUR is treated by removing the blockage causing the reflux. Treatment may involve
- surgery - antibiotics - intermittent catheterizationdraining the bladder by inserting a thin tube, called a catheter, through the urethra to the bladder |
What to do for Vesicoureteral Reflux ? | Eating, diet, and nutrition have not been shown to play a role in causing or preventing VUR. |
What to do for Vesicoureteral Reflux ? | - Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the abnormal flow of urine from the bladder to the upper urinary tract. - VUR is more common in infants and young children, but older children and even adults can be affected. About 10 percent of children have VUR. - In many cases, a child with VUR has no symptoms. When symptoms are p... |
What is (are) Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in Children ? | Hemolytic uremic syndrome, or HUS, is a kidney condition that happens when red blood cells are destroyed and block the kidneys' filtering system. Red blood cells contain hemoglobinan iron-rich protein that gives blood its red color and carries oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body.
When the ki... |
What is (are) Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in Children ? | The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist. They are located just below the rib cage, one on each side of the spine. Every day, the two kidneys filter about 120 to 150 quarts of blood to produce about 1 to 2 quarts of urine, composed of wastes and extra fluid. Children produce less urine than... |
What causes Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in Children ? | The most common cause of hemolytic uremic syndrome in children is an Escherichia coli (E. coli) infection of the digestive system. The digestive system is made up of the gastrointestinal, or GI, tracta series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anusand other organs that help the body ... |
What are the symptoms of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in Children ? | A child with hemolytic uremic syndrome may develop signs and symptoms similar to those seen with gastroenteritisan inflammation of the lining of the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine such as
- vomiting - bloody diarrhea - abdominal pain - fever and chills - headache
As ... |
How to diagnose Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in Children ? | A health care provider diagnoses hemolytic uremic syndrome with
- a medical and family history - a physical exam - urine tests - a blood test - a stool test - kidney biopsy
Medical and Family History
Taking a medical and family history is one of the first things a... |
What are the complications of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in Children ? | Most children who develop hemolytic uremic syndrome and its complications recover without permanent damage to their health.1
However, children with hemolytic uremic syndrome may have serious and sometimes life-threatening complications, including
- acute kidney injury - high blood pre... |
What are the treatments for Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in Children ? | A health care provider will treat a child with hemolytic uremic syndrome by addressing
- urgent symptoms and preventing complications - acute kidney injury - chronic kidney disease (CKD)
In most cases, health care providers do not treat children with hemolytic uremic syndrome with an... |
How to prevent Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in Children ? | Parents and caregivers can help prevent childhood hemolytic uremic syndrome due to E. coli O157:H7 by
- avoiding unclean swimming areas - avoiding unpasteurized milk, juice, and cider - cleaning utensils and food surfaces often - cooking meat to an internal temperature of at least 160 F - defrostin... |
What to do for Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in Children ? | At the beginning of the illness, children with hemolytic uremic syndrome may need IV nutrition or supplements to help maintain fluid balance in the body. Some children may need to follow a low-salt diet to help prevent swelling and high blood pressure.
Health care providers will encourage children with... |
What to do for Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in Children ? | - Hemolytic uremic syndrome, or HUS, is a kidney condition that happens when red blood cells are destroyed and block the kidneys' filtering system. - The most common cause of hemolytic uremic syndrome in children is an Escherichia coli (E. coli) infection of the digestive system. - Normally, harmless strains, or type... |
What is (are) Celiac Disease ? | Celiac disease is an immune disorder in which people cannot tolerate gluten because it damages the inner lining of their small intestine and prevents it from absorbing nutrients. The small intestine is the tubeshaped organ between the stomach and large intestine. Gluten is a protein found in wheat, rye, and barley and ... |
What causes Celiac Disease ? | Researchers do not know the exact cause of celiac disease. Celiac disease sometimes runs in families. In 50 percent of people who have celiac disease, a family member, when screened, also has the disease.1
A person's chances of developing celiac disease increase when his or her genestraits passed from ... |
How many people are affected by Celiac Disease ? | As many as one in 141 Americans has celiac disease, although most remain undiagnosed.2 Celiac disease affects children and adults in all parts of the world and is more common in Caucasians and females.
Celiac disease is also more common among people with certain genetic diseases, including Down syndrom... |
What are the symptoms of Celiac Disease ? | A person may experience digestive signs and symptoms, or symptoms in other parts of the body. Digestive signs and symptoms are more common in children and can include
- abdominal bloating - chronic diarrhea - constipation - gas - pale, foul-smelling, or fatty stool - stomach pain - nausea - vomi... |
What are the symptoms of Celiac Disease ? | Signs and symptoms of celiac disease vary from person to person because of numerous factors, including
- the length of time a person was breastfed as an infant; some studies have shown that the longer an infant was breastfed, the later the symptoms of celiac disease appear - the age a person started e... |
How to diagnose Celiac Disease ? | A health care provider diagnoses celiac disease with
- a medical and family history - a physical exam - blood tests - an intestinal biopsy - a skin biopsy
Medical and Family History
Taking a medical and family history may help a health care provider diagnose celiac... |
How to diagnose Celiac Disease ? | In some cases, a health care provider will order genetic blood tests to confirm or rule out a diagnosis of celiac disease. Most people with celiac disease have gene pairs that contain at least one of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene variants.4 However, these variants are also common in people without celiac disea... |
What are the treatments for Celiac Disease ? | Most people with celiac disease have a significant improvement in symptoms when they follow a gluten-free diet. Health care providers typically refer people to a dietitian who specializes in treating people with the disease. The dietitian will teach the person to avoid gluten while following a healthy and nutritious di... |
What to do for Celiac Disease ? | Eating, diet, and nutrition play a significant role in treating celiac disease. People with the disease should maintain a gluten-free diet by avoiding products that contain gluten. In other words, a person with celiac disease should not eat most grains, pasta, and cereal, and many processed foods.
Peop... |
What to do for Celiac Disease ? | - Celiac disease is an immune disorder in which people cannot tolerate gluten because it damages the lining of their small intestine and prevents absorption of nutrients. - When people with celiac disease eat foods or use products containing gluten, their immune system responds by damaging or destroying villithe tiny,... |
What is (are) Proctitis ? | Proctitis is inflammation of the lining of the rectum, the lower end of the large intestine leading to the anus. The large intestine and anus are part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The GI tract is a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus. The movement of muscles in the ... |
What is (are) Proctitis ? | Proctitis is inflammation of the lining of the rectum, the lower end of the large intestine leading to the anus. The large intestine and anus are part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The GI tract is a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus. The movement of muscles in the ... |
What causes Proctitis ? | Proctitis has many causes, including acute, or sudden and short-term, and chronic, or long-lasting, conditions. Among the causes are the following:
- Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). STDs that can be passed when a person is receiving anal sex are a common cause of proctitis. Common STD infections ... |
What causes Proctitis ? | Proctitis has many causes, including acute, or sudden and short-term, and chronic, or long-lasting, conditions. Among the causes are the following:
- Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). STDs that can be passed when a person is receiving anal sex are a common cause of proctitis. Common STD infections ... |
What are the symptoms of Proctitis ? | Tenesmusan uncomfortable and frequent urge to have a bowel movementis one of the most common symptoms of proctitis. Other symptoms may include
- bloody bowel movements - rectal bleeding - a feeling of rectal fullness - anal or rectal pain - crampy abdominal pain - rectal discharge of mucus or pus ... |
How to diagnose Proctitis ? | To diagnose proctitis, a health care provider will take a complete medical history and do a physical exam. The health care provider will ask the patient about symptoms, current and past medical conditions, family history, and sexual behavior that increases the risk of STD-induced proctitis. The physical exam will inclu... |
What are the treatments for Proctitis ? | Treatment of proctitis depends on its cause. The goal of treatment is to reduce inflammation, control symptoms, and eliminate infection, if it is present. Only a doctor can determine the cause of proctitis and the best course of treatment. With proper medical attention, proctitis can be successfully treated.
... |
What to do for Proctitis ? | Drinking plenty of fluids is important when diarrhea or frequent passage of loose or liquid stools occurs.
Avoiding caffeine and foods that are greasy, high in fiber, or sweet may lessen diarrhea symptoms. Some people also have problems digesting lactosethe sugar found in milk and milk productsduring o... |
What are the treatments for Proctitis ? | Proctitis that is not treated or does not respond to treatment may lead to complications, including
- severe bleeding and anemiaa condition in which red blood cells are fewer or smaller than normal, which means less oxygen is carried to the bodys cells - abscessespainful, swollen, pus-filled areas cau... |
How to prevent Proctitis ? | People who receive anal sex can avoid getting STD-related proctitis by having their partner use a condom. If anorectal trauma caused proctitis, stopping the activity that triggered inflammation often will stop the inflammation and prevent recurrence.
Other causes of proctitis cannot always be prevented... |
What to do for Proctitis ? | - Proctitis is inflammation of the lining of the rectum, the lower end of the large intestine leading to the anus. - Common causes of proctitis are sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), non-STD infections, anorectal trauma, ulcerative colitis and Crohns disease, radiation therapy, and antibiotic use. - Treatment of p... |
What is (are) Causes of Diabetes ? | Diabetes is a complex group of diseases with a variety of causes. People with diabetes have high blood glucose, also called high blood sugar or hyperglycemia.
Diabetes is a disorder of metabolismthe way the body uses digested food for energy. The digestive tract breaks down carbohydratessugars and star... |
What causes Causes of Diabetes ? | Type 1 diabetes is caused by a lack of insulin due to the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. In type 1 diabetesan autoimmune diseasethe bodys immune system attacks and destroys the beta cells. Normally, the immune system protects the body from infection by identifying and destroying bacteria, ... |
What causes Causes of Diabetes ? | Type 2 diabetesthe most common form of diabetesis caused by a combination of factors, including insulin resistance, a condition in which the bodys muscle, fat, and liver cells do not use insulin effectively. Type 2 diabetes develops when the body can no longer produce enough insulin to compensate for the impaired abili... |
What causes Causes of Diabetes ? | Insulin Resistance and Beta Cell Dysfunction
Hormones produced by the placenta and other pregnancy-related factors contribute to insulin resistance, which occurs in all women during late pregnancy. Insulin resistance increases the amount of insulin needed to control blood glucose levels. If the pancrea... |
What causes Causes of Diabetes ? | Other types of diabetes have a variety of possible causes.
Genetic Mutations Affecting Beta Cells, Insulin, and Insulin Action
Some relatively uncommon forms of diabetes known as monogenic diabetes are caused by mutations, or changes, in a single gene. These mutations are usually inher... |
What causes Causes of Diabetes ? | Other types of diabetes have a variety of possible causes.
Genetic Mutations Affecting Beta Cells, Insulin, and Insulin Action
Some relatively uncommon forms of diabetes known as monogenic diabetes are caused by mutations, or changes, in a single gene. These mutations are usually inher... |
What to do for Causes of Diabetes ? | - Diabetes is a complex group of diseases with a variety of causes. Scientists believe genes and environmental factors interact to cause diabetes in most cases. - People with diabetes have high blood glucose, also called high blood sugar or hyperglycemia. Diabetes develops when the body doesnt make enough insulin or i... |
What is (are) Hyperthyroidism ? | Hyperthyroidism is a disorder that occurs when the thyroid gland makes more thyroid hormone than the body needs. Hyperthyroidism is sometimes called thyrotoxicosis, the technical term for too much thyroid hormone in the blood. Thyroid hormones circulate throughout the body in the bloodstream and act on virtually every ... |
What is (are) Hyperthyroidism ? | The thyroid is a 2-inch-long, butterfly-shaped gland weighing less than 1 ounce. Located in the front of the neck below the larynx, or voice box, it has two lobes, one on each side of the windpipe. The thyroid is one of the glands that make up the endocrine system. The glands of the endocrine system produce, store, and... |
What causes Hyperthyroidism ? | Hyperthyroidism has several causes, including
- Graves disease - thyroid nodules - thyroiditis, or inflammation of the thyroid - consuming too much iodine - overmedicating with synthetic thyroid hormone, which is used to treat underactive thyroid
Rarely, hyperthyroidism is caused b... |
What are the symptoms of Hyperthyroidism ? | Hyperthyroidism has many symptoms that can vary from person to person. Some common symptoms of hyperthyroidism are
- nervousness or irritability - fatigue or muscle weakness - heat intolerance - trouble sleeping - hand tremors - rapid and irregular heartbeat - frequent bowel movements or diarrhea... |
How to diagnose Hyperthyroidism ? | Many symptoms of hyperthyroidism are the same as those of other diseases, so hyperthyroidism usually cannot be diagnosed based on symptoms alone. With suspected hyperthyroidism, health care providers take a medical history and perform a thorough physical exam. Health care providers may then use several blood tests, suc... |
What are the treatments for Hyperthyroidism ? | Health care providers treat hyperthyroidism with medications, radioiodine therapy, or thyroid surgery. The aim of treatment is to bring thyroid hormone levels to a normal state, thus preventing long-term complications, and to relieve uncomfortable symptoms. No single treatment works for everyone.
Treat... |
What to do for Hyperthyroidism ? | Experts recommend that people eat a balanced diet to obtain most nutrients. More information about diet and nutrition is provided by the National Agricultural Library at www.nutrition.gov.
Dietary Supplements
Iodine is an essential mineral for the thyroid. However, people with autoimmu... |
What to do for Hyperthyroidism ? | - Hyperthyroidism is a disorder that occurs when the thyroid gland makes more thyroid hormone than the body needs. - Hyperthyroidism is most often caused by Graves disease, an autoimmune disorder. Other causes include thyroid nodules, thyroiditis, consuming too much iodine, and overmedicating with synthetic thyroid ho... |
What is (are) Causes of Diabetes ? | Diabetes is a complex group of diseases with a variety of causes. People with diabetes have high blood glucose, also called high blood sugar or hyperglycemia.
Diabetes is a disorder of metabolismthe way the body uses digested food for energy. The digestive tract breaks down carbohydratessugars and star... |
What causes Causes of Diabetes ? | Type 1 diabetes is caused by a lack of insulin due to the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. In type 1 diabetesan autoimmune diseasethe bodys immune system attacks and destroys the beta cells. Normally, the immune system protects the body from infection by identifying and destroying bacteria, ... |
What causes Causes of Diabetes ? | Type 2 diabetesthe most common form of diabetesis caused by a combination of factors, including insulin resistance, a condition in which the bodys muscle, fat, and liver cells do not use insulin effectively. Type 2 diabetes develops when the body can no longer produce enough insulin to compensate for the impaired abili... |
What causes Causes of Diabetes ? | Insulin Resistance and Beta Cell Dysfunction
Hormones produced by the placenta and other pregnancy-related factors contribute to insulin resistance, which occurs in all women during late pregnancy. Insulin resistance increases the amount of insulin needed to control blood glucose levels. If the pancrea... |
What causes Causes of Diabetes ? | Other types of diabetes have a variety of possible causes.
Genetic Mutations Affecting Beta Cells, Insulin, and Insulin Action
Some relatively uncommon forms of diabetes known as monogenic diabetes are caused by mutations, or changes, in a single gene. These mutations are usually inher... |
What causes Causes of Diabetes ? | Other types of diabetes have a variety of possible causes.
Genetic Mutations Affecting Beta Cells, Insulin, and Insulin Action
Some relatively uncommon forms of diabetes known as monogenic diabetes are caused by mutations, or changes, in a single gene. These mutations are usually inher... |
What to do for Causes of Diabetes ? | - Diabetes is a complex group of diseases with a variety of causes. Scientists believe genes and environmental factors interact to cause diabetes in most cases. - People with diabetes have high blood glucose, also called high blood sugar or hyperglycemia. Diabetes develops when the body doesnt make enough insulin or i... |
What is (are) Renal Artery Stenosis ? | Renal artery stenosis is the narrowing of one or both renal arteries. Renal means kidney and stenosis means narrowing. The renal arteries are blood vessels that carry blood to the kidneys from the aortathe main blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to arteries throughout the body.
RVH is high ... |
What is (are) Renal Artery Stenosis ? | The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist. They are located just below the rib cage, one on each side of the spine. Every day, the two kidneys filter about 120 to 150 quarts of blood to produce about 1 to 2 quarts of urine, composed of wastes and extra fluid. |
What causes Renal Artery Stenosis ? | About 90 percent of RAS is caused by atherosclerosisclogging, narrowing, and hardening of the renal arteries.2 In these cases, RAS develops when plaquea sticky substance made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other material found in the bloodbuilds up on the inner wall of one or both renal arteries. Plaque buildup i... |
Who is at risk for Renal Artery Stenosis? ? | People at risk for artherosclerosis are also at risk for RAS. Risk factors for RAS caused by artherosclerosis include
- high blood cholesterol levels - high blood pressure - smoking - insulin resistance - diabetes - being overweight or obese - lack of physical activity - a diet high in fat, chol... |
What are the symptoms of Renal Artery Stenosis ? | In many cases, RAS has no symptoms until it becomes severe.
The signs of RAS are usually either high blood pressure or decreased kidney function, or both, but RAS is often overlooked as a cause of high blood pressure. RAS should be considered as a cause of high blood pressure in people who
... |
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