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Have fun this Sunday with this tricky riddle.
It is impossible for any man to survive longer than one week without drinking water.
Yet Abdul managed to cross the desert in 10 days without drinking a drop of water.
How was this possible?
Share the fun riddle with your friends on WhatsApp groups.
Abdul is the name of a camel.
In the Sahara Desert, camels have been known to survive 6 or 7 months without actually drinking any water.
Camels do not directly store water in their humps as was once commonly believed. The humps are actually reservoirs of fatty tissue: concentrating body fat in their humps minimizes the insulating effect fat would have if distributed over the rest of their bodies, helping camels survive in hot climates. When this tissue is metabolized, it yields more than one gram of water for every gram of fat processed.
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The sky isn’t the limit for a group of STEM students at Fairmont’s San Juan Capistrano campus who recently competed in the SpaceCRAFT Exploration Challenge — an event which allowed them to virtually participate in space exploration.
The SpaceCRAFT Exploration Challenge spanned six nights and drew students from across the globe. The competition is an initiative of SPACE TEAMS, whose stated mission is “producing a platform and ecosystem that will inspire and activate the next leaders in Space and STEM, and engage and connect people in an interactive exploration of the cosmos.”
“Fairmont is regarded as one of the top STEM schools in Orange County, and the innovation and dedication to the program by SJC’s STEM teacher, Mrs. Barbara Shaw, is extraordinary,” said Dana Vasquez, Head of School at Fairmont San Juan Capistrano. “We are thrilled that our students could be part of this cutting-edge, hands-on opportunity to design a virtual space exploration experience. It aligns perfectly with the ‘learn by doing’ approach that has made our STEM program so successful.”
The event leveraged a collaborative platform called SpaceCRAFT, which allows for a high fidelity simulation of the universe and incorporates real planetary data from NASA and Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL).
Over the course of the six nights, SJC’s space enthusiasts designed spacecraft, navigated to another planet, landed their vehicle, built a planetary habitat, and explored a new planet to find resources in order to sustain human life. Students received training from astronauts and other scientific subject experts in various areas covered during the event:
- Spacecraft System Design
- Orbital Mechanics and Remote Sensing
- Atmospheric Entry, Descent and Landing
- Deep Space Habitat Design
- Surface Exploration, Robotics and Resource Sustainability
Mrs. Shaw’s unbridled passion for STEM and for her students led her to discover the SpaceCRAFT Exploration Challenge. During one of her (many) nights spent researching STEM opportunities, she came across SPACE TEAMS. At that point, the event was only two and a half weeks away. “I wanted my students to be able to participate, but I didn’t know how we would be able to pull it off,” said Mrs. Shaw. But she put her nose to the grindstone and went into warp speed to not only gain entry to the event, but also to secure a sponsorship to help cover the cost. She received the good news from the head of SPACE TEAMS, Dr. Greg Chamitoff, a former NASA astronaut whose work includes two missions to the International Space Station and two space walks.
“Given our country’s aspirations to get back to the moon and send people to Mars, this is a great time for students to be exposed to space exploration in such a profound way. A seed was planted in them — and I’m excited to watch it grow.”
Check out this brief video to catch a glimpse of our space enthusiasts in action during the challenge.
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TUESDAY, April 16, 2019 (HealthDay News) — Mistaken beliefs about sleep are common and pose a significant health threat, a new study warns.
Among these myths: some people only need five hours of sleep; snoring is harmless; a drink before bedtime helps you fall asleep.
“Sleep is a vital part of life that affects our productivity, mood, and general health and well-being,” said lead investigator Rebecca Robbins. “Dispelling myths about sleep promotes healthier sleep habits which, in turn, promote overall better health.”
Robbins is a postdoctoral research fellow in the department of population health at NYU Langone Health in New York City.
For the study, the researchers reviewed more than 8,000 websites to identify the 20 most common beliefs about sleep.
One of the top myths was the claim of some people who insist they can get by on five hours of sleep a night. The study authors said this poses the most serious health risk due the effects of long-term lack of sleep.
Robbins and her colleagues suggested creating a consistent sleep schedule and getting at least seven hours of shut-eye a night.
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Consider Republican congressman Kevin Cramer of North Dakota. Mr. Cramer applauded Mr. McConnell’s suggestion for a temporary increase in the debt ceiling when he was approached by reporters.
He called it “elegant,” complimenting the Senate leader’s cunning for maintaining the filibuster and denying the Democrats a potent political instrument. A devastating default was thus avoided. On the other side, Mr. Cramer would not support moving through with it.
Find Out About the Lurching From Crisis to Crisis, Congress is Addicted to Cliffs
one of six cards
The debt cap, what is it? The debt ceiling, also known as the debt limit, is a cap on the total amount of money that the federal government can borrow through US Treasury bills and savings bonds in order to fulfil its financial obligations. Due to its budgetary deficits, the United States is compelled to borrow vast quantities of money in order to pay off its obligations.
There will soon be a debt ceiling breach. After Senate leaders agreed to a temporary plan to raise the debt ceiling on October 7, the Treasury estimated that the government could keep borrowing until December 3. The agreement also identifies the first Friday of December as a crucial date.
We don’t Borrow Much Since…
The Constitution mandates that Congress must approve borrowing before it can occur. It was put in place at the start of the 20th century so that the Treasury wouldn’t always need permission before issuing bonds to pay bills.
Imagine that there was a breach of the debt ceiling. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen told Congress that failure to raise the debt ceiling might lead to a self-inflicted recession and a financial catastrophe. She also cautioned that millions of Americans’ Social Security payments may be delayed if the debt ceiling wasn’t raised.
Is the Situation the Same Abroad?
Similar to Denmark, which has a debt cap but one that is so high that raising it is rarely an issue in that nation. However, several other nations do not. Poland has a ceiling on public debt of no more than 60% of GDP.
Exist any Substitutes for the Debt Ceiling?
The lack of a qualified replacement is one of the main reasons that the debt ceiling still exists. She would be in favour of legislation to eliminate the debt ceiling, which Ms. Yellen called “destructive.” Congress would need to act in order to raise the debt ceiling.
I Doubt it, the Man Retorted.
There were 11 Republicans who made the decision to push the bill through, including those who were departing and those in leadership roles. Only Democrats supported the measure, which now needs House approval before reaching Vice President Joe Biden’s desk. The action is anticipated to happen the following week, just a few days before the scheduled default.
Roy Blunt, a retired Missouri Republican senator who was one of the eleven, murmured, “Can’t explain anything in this place.”
The Chaos Spread Like Wildfire.
As a result of Thursday’s failure of the Capitol-Senate subway, which carries members, staff, journalists, and visitors, several unfortunate travellers were temporarily trapped. It had reached its breaking point in the same way.
It’s a little technical detail that has no real significance to the vast majority of Americans who aren’t familiar with the Budget Control Act, which is at the centre of the discussion about raising the debt ceiling.
Republican senator from Texas John Cornyn said of the general populace, “I don’t think they get it at all.” “The staff members here are baffled.”
The Finance Committee’s chairman, Democratic Senator Ron Wyden, referred to the debate over the debt ceiling as “absurd with a capital A.” Thanks for reading our article Lurching from Crisis to Crisis, Congress is Addicted to Cliffs.
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What causes a power cut?
The most common cause of power cuts is damage to cables and other infrastructure. Find out more about the different types of power cut.
If there’s a power cut, report it online.
Planned power cuts
This is when maintenance work is carried out to improve the power network. A lot of work can be carried out without switching the power off, but sometimes it is necessary to turn off the power for a short time.
What you can expect
If your electricity network operator needs to switch off your power for planned maintenance, they will give you as much notice as possible. They aim to give you at least 48 hours’ notice. If the work has to take place because of an emergency, it might not be possible to let you know in advance.
Unplanned power cuts
Unplanned power cuts happen when there’s a problem on the power network. Like the trip switch in your home, the electricity network has safety equipment which switches power off if it detects a problem. This can happen if someone or something has damaged a wire, cable or other piece of electrical equipment.
What you can expect
If you have a power cut, you should report it online. Your local network operator will look into the problem and keep you updated while they work to reconnect you.
Depending on the cause of the problem, they might need to send a team of engineers to look at equipment or a substation near your home. They will rarely need to come into your home but if they do, they will always show identification. If someone calls at your door, always check their identification badge. You can call 105 for free to confirm they are who they say they are. Genuine power company employees won’t mind waiting outside while you do this.
If you are a member of the Priority Services Register and it’s likely the power will be off for a while, your network operator will try and contact you to keep you updated.
Power cuts because of an energy shortage
When there’s a shortage of energy, it might be necessary to switch off your power for a short time. This is extremely rare, but if it is needed, these power cuts will help ensure there’s enough energy for everyone, especially when energy is in high demand like during teatime.
Find out more on our ‘Energy shortages’ page.
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This fall the Canadian government hopes to get a single-use plastics ban enacted with a plan to get to zero-plastic waste by 2030. To enact this ban, on October 10, 2020 the Canadian government recommended to the Governor in Council that “plastic manufactured items” be added to Schedule 1 (i.e. the List of Toxic Substances) of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA).
In order to make the argument for their ban, the Canadian government has been presenting information favourable to the ban to the public. As a blog dedicated to evidence-based environmental decision-making, I thought it would be interesting to look at the case being made to support the plastics ban.
Much to my surprise [author’s note: not really] I discovered that the scientific support for such a ban is lacking. The government appears to be relying on activist talking points and decision-based evidence-making for this policy decision. In fact, there is so much bad science on this topic that I have decided to address the issues in numerous bite-sized bits. The first involves a couple oft-repeated “facts” that appears in any number of news reports and documents about the ban.
Looking through the documentation (and news coverage) for the ban, I keep seeing the same, oddly-specific numbers. Here it is from the government of Canada web site:
Every year, Canadians throw away 3 million tonnes of plastic waste, only 9% of which is recycled, meaning the vast majority of plastics end up in landfills and about 29,000 tonnes finds its way into our natural environment.
On March 20th a Google search for the exact phrase “about 29,000 tonnes finds its way into our natural environment” got 327 hits from major news outlets to MP web sites. It begs the question, how was this 29,000 tonnes value derived?
Well, the number appears in the Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) and Health Canada Science Assessment of Plastic Pollution which presents this text:
Of the 4 667 kt of plastics that entered the Canadian market in 2016, an estimated 3 268 kt were discarded as waste (ECCC 2019a). Of that plastic waste, an estimated 29 kt (or 1%) were discarded outside of the normal waste stream (i.e., not landfilled, recycled or incinerated) in 2016, through direct release to the environment or through dumps or leaks. An estimated 9% of the remaining plastic waste was recycled, 86% was landfilled, and 4% was incinerated for energy recovery (ECCC 2019a).
Well there you have it, a source for the number. All we have to do is look for up the reference “ECCC 2019a” in the bibliography. ECCC 2019a turns out to be a report commissioned by Environment and Climate Change Canada called Economic Study of the Canadian Plastic Industry, Market and Waste: Summary Report to Environment and Climate Change Canada which includes this text:
In the model, this fraction is included in the plastics in waste sent to disposal (D1). The second fraction of plastics littered is never collected and considered to be permanently lost into the environment. This second fraction, also called plastics leaked into the environment (LEAK) is estimated in the model. Global estimates of plastic leakage into the environment were prepared by Jambeck et al. in 2015. In this study, the authors estimated that approximately 10,000 tonnes of plastic waste were mismanaged in coastal areas and nearly 29,000 tonnes across Canada.
So ECCC 2019a wasn’t a primary source, rather, the 29,000 tonnes number comes from an earlier work. Moreover, it is combined with another claim I keep seeing in the press: “that approximately 10,000 tonnes of plastic waste were mismanaged in coastal areas“. Oddly that stat gets thrown around a lot as the amount that ends up in the oceans, but from this source it is clear that the number simply means materials lost in coastal communities. Reading the report we are informed that the primary source for the numbers is:
Deloitte. (2019a). Economic study of the Canadian plastic industry, markets and waste-Task 1.Government of Canada, Environment and Climate Change Canada Internal Report.
Well that is unfortunate, the original source is an internal document. Doing a series of searches it is clear that the original report is not readily available to the public. This is quite problematic. We are talking about a policy document that is serving as the basis for a multi-billion dollar policy decision yet the public is not given the opportunity to scrutinize the work and see if it appears reliable.
Not willing to give up here, I decided to try to derive how they got the 29,000 tonnes number. The table block includes a reference to a peer-reviewed study from a reputable journal. But we immediately discover a problem. Going to the cited article (Jambeck et al, 2015 Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean), we discover that Canada is never mentioned in this study. That is odd since ECCC 2019a specifically says they based their value on that study. How do they estimate Canadian values if the reference they use never mentions Canada?
Looking more closely, the authors in Jambeck et al do prepare an estimate of the percentage of total mismanaged plastic waste in the US (0.9%). If we take the value from the ECCC Summary report of discarded plastics (3,268,000 metric tonnes) and multiply it by 0.9% you get 29,412 which rounds nicely to 29,000. So we appear to have it.
To summarize, the “fact” that has been broadcast high and low by our government is nothing of the sort. It does not appear to be based on a careful examination of Canadian waste and product chains, rather it appears to be based on an estimate of how the Americans handle their waste. The US estimate was just carried over to Canada with no apparent attempt to consider whether Canada is a comparable jurisdiction with respect to waste management. I suppose that is a fair assumption seeing that with respect to all sorts of public service decisions (like medical care, military spending, environmental spending etc..) Canadian and American policies are virtually indistinguishable.
But believe it or not, it gets even worse. That other “fact” I keep encountering is the other half of that earlier quote that “approximately 10,000 tonnes of plastic waste were mismanaged in coastal areas“. This doesn’t even have a pedigree as solid as the 29,000 tonnes value. This 10,000 tonnes number is used all over the place as a “fact” but is reported in the original source as an “estimate”. Moreover, as I will demonstrate, it appears to be a rather poor estimate.
Going back to Jambeck et al. we discover that the US marine plastic estimate is based on an estimate of what percentage of the US population lives within 50 kms of the coast (in the US 40% of Americans live within 50 miles from the coast). This explains why such a high percentage of their waste is estimated to end up as marine debris.
Unfortunately for our fact creators, simply carrying over this US estimate doesn’t work in Canada because fewer Canadians live near the coast. According to government of Canada statistics only about 25% of Canadians live in coastal zones. But according to the authors, these coastal Canadians are especially bad at handling plastic since by the report’s estimates 25% of Canadians are responsible for 34% (10,000/29,000 x 100%) of all the mismanaged plastics. Clearly the authors do not think highly of British Columbians or Maritimers.
Thinking back to that fact it really should have struck me much earlier. Somehow over a third of the waste is reported in coastal areas….in Canada? We all know that Alberta, Saskatchewan, most of Ontario and most of Quebec is nowhere near a coast. There is zero chance that a mismanaged straw in Saskatoon or Calgary is going to end up in the nasal cavity of a Pacific sea turtle.
The reality of oceans plastic is that it is mostly an issue caused by developing nations. A recent study identified that 93% of the trash from 57 Rivers studied comes from only 10 rivers, with the biggest of those being the Yangtze. So if you really want to clean up ocean pollution, a reasonable way to do so would be to invest money in improving waste management programs in these identified jurisdictions.
Let’s be absolutely clear here. Canadians can still do better. On World Cleanup Day clean-up crews found thousands of coffee cups and water bottles on Canadian beaches. That demonstrates that Canadians have to work harder to keep our own backyard clean. However, concerns about turtles should not be argued as a reason to ban plastic straws in Alberta.
To conclude, the Canadian government’s proposed plan to ban plastics will change all our lives. The ban will upend the food and beverage industries and cost every Canadian in their pocketbook. Given the magnitude of this decision it behooves the government to actually do an analysis of Canadian waste streams and then make that data available to Canadians to decide if their policy decision is justified. Relying on recycled US data that has not even been corrected to address our relative population densities is just not good enough.
Another great article. Thank you. I am very disappointed in the present Federal Government. Transparency and “Science based Policy” went out the door years ago.
Thank you very much for all the work you’ve put into this.
I wonder what the government thinks the banned products will be replaced with. And what their life cycle environmental impacts will be.
We got cardboard and paper straws in Europe and they’re terrible. At home we’ve decided to use stainless steel, but much of the fun of sipping through a straw has gone. Most likely their lifecycle will be rather long due to lack of use.
Interesting read but should it matter whether fact or estimate?
Sent from my iPhone
If it is presented as a fact then it does matter.
I’ve tried the new Tim’s Iced Capp straws. They stick to your lips, then get mushy before the drink is finished. Reminded me of a post I did in 2019 on the drinking straw ban: https://countercurrentca.wordpress.com/2019/01/03/drinking-straw-ban-facts-and-fiction/
Lets do some math. Los Angeles County is home to 10 million people and has a coastline of 144 Km.. At 1.6 straws per day and .9% ending up in the ocean….that is 1000 straws per day per km that would wash up on the beach. After a month, the beach would literally have straws ankle deep at the water line. Since this is not occurring, the only logical conclusion is that many turtles are swimming away with straws in their nostrils. /sarc
Great work and a report that is written with an unusual amount of clarity, (something that is is missing in reporting these days). Your research highlights the tendency of all types of media to bombard us with facts often for sensational impact and to address the agenda of those who are most vocal rather than asking the hard questions and checking sources. Unfortunately these reports tend to become mainstream and affect government decisions.
Keep up the good work! Keep the environment clean.
Pingback: Plastics Propaganda Contaminates Truth with PlasticityNatural Gas Now
Pingback: Debunking the claim that there will be more plastic in the ocean than fish by 2050. | A Chemist in Langley
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The year 2020 is the fire year or worst year. We can define 2020 with this word. Because a lot of wildfires happened on three continents and another side is Covid-19 in the year 2020.
These wildfires are very high in terms of spread and spoiled many of the trees, plants, and species over the three continents.
Humans and any species doesn’t like wild fires.
Is this possible to off wild fire? This is very possible to off any fire while the beginning stage of the smokes. If it is the beginning stage, there will not be much fire. So, it is very easy to off without many efforts.
The cost and effort of managing the fire while the beginning stage is so less. The fire department is no need to take much effort.
If the fire off on the early stage, this issue will not be treated as a national issue and fire will be at a controlled level.
Sometimes this huge fire is in the state where nobody can do or think of any solution. What we could do if this wildfire is within a 20 km radius fully.
Can you plan anything with 20 km of wildfire? No right. If rains come that suspends all the fire. That should happen but unfortunately, that switch is not with us. That is nature call only.
To indicate these fires the detection systems are there but this takes hours or days for detecting this fire in the wild.
When coming to the satellites also takes so many days to give the full picture of what just happening in the wild.
So, it is very important to detect the wildfire once the fire just started. But technology here helps us to detect these fires before it is happening and not once started.
Here we are going to discuss IoT – Internet of things. This helps us to detect the fire at an early stage and that is before these fires happen.
This Environmental IoT is designed and verified in various locations and successfully recorded all the fire wherever applied and used to show on the dashboard in a Trial.
This facility is provided by the Dryad network, a Startup Company, in Germany founded by Carsten Brinkschulte.
This is the environmental IoT continuously measure and share the quality of the air particles like – temperature, pressure, smell, color.
The sensor continuously senses and supplies the condition of the air through the data connectivity to the cloud system.
Using the edge system fitted in the IoT on forest remote location will be monitored for ultra-early detection of Wildfire – Internet of Trees.
This IoT equipment built by Dryad can be in any remote area and this IoT is responding very fast once the fire is detected.
About Dryad Network
The digitizing the forest and protecting the wildlife is the primary motto of Dryad. This helps in the public interest and if any help is required to protect private firms also Dryad helps.
Dryad IoT equipment helps in monitoring, analyzing, protecting, and informing the department about the fire. This equipment helps the forest to handle ineffective ways and changes the forest from a non-profit to a very profitable business.
Dryad Network’s Environmental IoT consists of the following components
- Solar System Supported Environmental Sensor
- AI-based air particle detection system
- Long Range IoT Network – LoRan WAN
- User interface connected with a cloud system
- Edge system
Dryad network gateways used a multi-hop mesh network that covers very large forest for connectivity more than 12 KM where LoRa WAN covers 10+ KM range for transmitting data to the cloud.
This technology makes a communication network for a large forest where the mobile network coverage is not possible.
Dryad gateways access the Dryad cloud platform using LTE-NB IoT wireless, Satellite.
If you have any more questions, feel free to ask in the comment box.
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The Old Testament is the first 39 books in most Christian Bibles.The name stands for the original promise with God
(to the descendants of Abraham in particular) prior to the coming of Jesus Christ in the New Testament
(or the new promise).The Old Testament contains the creation of the universe, the history of the patriarchs,
the exodus from Egypt,the formation of Israel as a nation, the subsequent decline and fall of the nation, the Prophets
(who spoke for God), and the Wisdom Books.
Genesis speaks of beginnings and is foundational to the understanding of the rest of the Bible.
It is supremely a book that speaks about relationships, highlighting those between God and his creation,
between God and humankind, and between human beings.
Exodus describes the history of the Israelites leaving Egypt after slavery.
The book lays a foundational theology in which God reveals his name, his attributes,
his redemption, his law and how he is to be worshiped.
Leviticus receives its name from the Septuagint (the pre-Christian Greek translation of the Old Testament)
and means "concerning the Levites" (the priests of Israel). It serves as a manual of regulations enabling
the holy King to set up his earthly throne among the people of his kingdom.
It explains how they are to be his holy people and to worship him in a holy manner.
Numbers relates the story of Israel's journey from Mount Sinai to the plains of Moab on the border of Canaan.
The book tells of the murmuring and rebellion of God's people and of their subsequent judgment.
Joshua is a story of conquest and fulfillment for the people of God. After many years of slavery in Egypt and 40 years in the desert,
the Israelites were finally allowed to enter the land promised to their fathers.
The book of Judges depicts the life of Israel in the Promised Land—from the death of Joshua to the rise of the monarchy.
It tells of urgent appeals to God in times of crisis and apostasy, moving the Lord to raise up leaders (judges) through
whom He throws off foreign oppressors and restores the land to peace.
The book of Ruth has been called one of the best examples of short narrative ever written.
It presents an account of the remnant of true faith and piety in the period of the judges
through the fall and restoration of Naomi and her daughter-in-law Ruth (an ancestor of King David and Jesus).
After the failure of King Saul, 2 Samuel depicts David as a true (though imperfect) representative
of the ideal theocratic king. Under David's rule the Lord caused the nation to prosper, to defeat its enemies,
and to realize the fulfillment of His promises.
1 Kings continues the account of the monarchy in Israel and God's involvement through the prophets. After David, his son Solomon ascends
the throne of a united kingdom, but this unity only lasts during his reign. The book explores how each subsequent king in Israel
and Judah answers God's call—or, as often happens, fails to listen.
2 Kings carries the historical account of Judah and Israel forward. The kings of each nation are judged in light of their
obedience to the covenant with God. Ultimately, the people of both nations are exiled for disobedience.
Through a series of monologues, the book of Job relates the account of a righteous man who suffers under terrible circumstances.
The book's profound insights, its literary structures, and the quality of its rhetoric display the author's genius.
The Psalms are collected songs and poems that represent centuries worth of praises and prayers to God on a number of themes
and circumstances. The Psalms are impassioned, vivid and concrete; they are rich in images, in simile and metaphor.
Proverbs was written to give "prudence to the simple, knowledge and discretion to the young," and to make the wise even wiser.
The frequent references to "my son(s)" emphasize instructing the young and guiding them in a way of life that yields rewarding results.
The author of Ecclesiastes puts his powers of wisdom to work to examine the human experience and assess the human situation.
His perspective is limited to what happens "under the sun" (as is that of all human teachers).
In ancient Israel everything human came to expression in words: reverence, gratitude, anger, sorrow, suffering, trust, friendship, commitment.
In the Song of Solomon, it is love that finds words–inspired words that disclose its exquisite charm and beauty as one of God's choicest gifts.
The Old Testament in general and the prophets in particular presuppose and teach God's sovereignty over all
creation and the course of history. And nowhere in the Bible are God's initiative and control expressed more
clearly and pervasively than in the book of the prophet Ezekiel.
Jonah is unusual as a prophetic book in that it is a narrative account of Jonah's mission to the city of Nineveh,
his resistance, his imprisonment in a great fish, his visit to the city, and the subsequent outcome.
Micah prophesied sometime between 750 and 686 B.C. during the reigns of Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah.
Israel was in an apostate condition. Micah predicted the fall of her capital, Samaria, and also foretold
the inevitable desolation of Judah.
Little is known about Habakkuk except that he was a contemporary of Jeremiah and a man of vigorous faith.
The book bearing his name contains a dialogue between the prophet and God concerning injustice and suffering.
The prophet Zephaniah was evidently a person of considerable social standing in Judah and was probably related to the royal line.
The intent of the author was to announce to Judah God's approaching judgment.
Haggai was a prophet who, along with Zechariah, encouraged the returned exiles to rebuild the temple.
His prophecies clearly show the consequences of disobedience. When the people give priority to God and
his house, they are blessed.
Like Jeremiah and Ezekiel, Zechariah was not only a prophet, but also a member of a priestly family.
The chief purpose of Zechariah (and Haggai) was to rebuke the people of Judah and to encourage and
motivate them to complete the rebuilding of the temple.
Malachi, whose name means "my messenger," spoke to the Israelites after their return from exile. The theological message of the book can be summed up
in one sentence: The Great King will come not only to judge his people, but also to bless and restore them.
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2.14: Soil and Water Conservation
- Page ID
1. According to your reading, world soils are now managed to provide what four functions?
2. What are the two main agents that erode soil and what percentage of area worldwide is affected by each?
3. Describe the two main types of soil erosion.
4. What are the different forms of water erosion?
5. What are the five main drivers of wind erosion in arid and semi-arid regions?
6. What are three on-site and three off-site problems with soil erosion?
7. What are the three leading causes of accelerated soil erosion and what percentage is attributed to each?
8. Where are the six main “hot spots of soil erosion” in the world?
9. When, why, and how did soil conservation begin in the United States?
10. What is the Conservation Reserve Program and how does it help soil conservation?
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https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Soil_Science/Principles_of_Soil_Science_Exercise_Manual_(Bowen)/02%3A_Take-Home_Exercise/2.14%3A_Soil_and_Water_Conservation
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Animosity is running high in America right now. In a survey conducted last year by the Pew Research Center, 72% of Republicans said that Democrats are “more immoral” than members of their own party, and 63% of Democrats said the same about Republicans — increases of 17% and 16% in just a three-year period.
Hostility between political parties has been associated with a lack of respect for democracy and a rise in support for partisan violence, such as the attack on the US Capitol in 2021. Some researchers think that these trends could eventually culminate in the collapse of democracy in the United States and elsewhere.
“That’s the lurking dark pit that we’re all trying to avoid,” says social psychologist Kurt Gray at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
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https://college.unc.edu/inthemedia/how-to-tackle-political-polarization/
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How to write a research paper Understand the assignment. Choose a research paper topic. Conduct preliminary research. Develop a thesis statement. Create a research paper outline. Write a first draft of the research paper. Write the introduction. Write a compelling body of text.
What is the format of writing a research paper?
Major Sections of a Research Paper in APA Style A complete research paper in APA style that is reporting on experimental research will typically contain a Title page, Abstract, Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, and References sections.
What are the six steps in performing research?
The six steps of research These include identifying the area of study, choosing the topic, formulating a research plan, collecting and then analysing the data and then finally writing up the study.
What is the good research title?
The title summarizes the main idea or ideas of your study. A good title contains the fewest possible words that adequately describe the contents and/or purpose of your research paper. The title is without doubt the part of a paper that is read the most, and it is usually read first.
What are the 4 parts of an introduction?
What are the four parts of an introductory paragraph? 1. Introduces the topic 2. States why the topic is important 3. States that there is a difference of opinion about this topic 4. Describes how the assignment will be structured and clearly states the writer’s main premise.
What is the first thing to do in formulating a research title?
How to Construct Your Title Step 1: Ask yourself a few questions about your research paper. Step 2: Identify and list keywords and phrases from these responses. Step 3: Use these keywords to create one long sentence. Step 4: Create a working title.
How do you write a research paper step by step?
Basic Steps in the Research Process Step 1: Identify and develop your topic. Step 2 : Do a preliminary search for information. Step 3: Locate materials. Step 4: Evaluate your sources. Step 5: Make notes. Step 6: Write your paper. Step 7: Cite your sources properly. Step 8: Proofread.
What are the examples of research title?
Sample Research Topics Brain Injury: Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Brain Injury. Data Analytics: Translational Data Analytics and Decision Science. Foods for Health: Personalized Food and Nutritional Metabolic Profiling to Improve Health. Food Security: Resilient, Sustainable and Global Food Security for Health.
What are the 6 parts of an introduction?
What are the 6 parts of an introduction? The Topic Sentence. The topic sentence in the introduction simply states the main idea of your paper. The Thesis Statement. The thesis statement in the introduction makes the main idea of your paper clear to the reader. Supporting Sentences. The Conclusion Sentence.
What are the 10 parts of research paper?
10 Parts Of A Common Research Paper Format The Cover page/Title page. Abstract. Table of Contents. Introduction. Body paragraphs (research description and methods) Findings. Discussion. Conclusion.
How do you write the name of a research paper?
Formatting Author information: Always list the author’s surname before listing his or her initials. You only need to provide initials for the first and middle names, but do include initials for all middle names provided by the source. Include a comma after every last name and in-between different authors’ names.
What are the basic parts of a research paper?
Basic Parts of a Research Paper Title Page. Introduction. Review of Related Literature. Conceptual Framework. Methodology. Analysis of Data. Results / Findings / Presentation of Data. Discussion / Implication of Data Analysis.
What are the 10 steps of the research process?
10 Steps in Research Process Selection of Research Problem. Extensive Literature Survey. Making Hypothesis. Preparing the Research Design. Sampling. Data collection. Data Analysis. Hypothesis Testing.
What are the five parts of an introduction?
Key Points The introduction has five important responsibilities: get the audience ‘s attention, introduce the topic, explain its relevance to the audience, state a thesis or purpose, and outline the main points.
What are the different parts of research report?
The various sections of a research report are: Summary. Background/Introduction. Implemented Methods.
What are the 5 parts of research paper?
There are five MAJOR parts of a Research Report: Introduction. Review of Literature. Methods. Results. Discussion.
How do you begin a research paper?
The first paragraph to your research paper has to start with a general sentence that introduces the background of the topic. Mention the issue that is related to your topic in the next sentence or two in order to narrow your introduction down to your research paper’s thesis.
What is the minimum and maximum words in writing research title?
Make sure your title is between 5 and 15 words in length. If you are writing a title for a university assignment or for a particular academic journal, verify that your title conforms to the standards and requirements for that outlet.
What are the 10 types of research?
List of Types in Research Methodology Quantitative Research. Qualitative Research. Descriptive Research. Analytical Research. Applied Research. Fundamental Research. Exploratory Research. Conclusive Research.
What are the 6 sections of a research paper?
The major parts of a research paper are abstract,Introduction,review of literature,research methods,findings and analysis,discussion,limitations,future scope and references.
What are some good introductory words?
However, on a sentence level, these words and phrases are also considered to be introductory. Examples: However, On the other hand, Furthermore, Therefore, Thereafter, Consequently, Next, Finally, In conclusion, For example, Ultimately, etc.
What are the 7 steps of writing a research paper?
Seven steps to writing a university research paper Step One: Determine the purpose of the paper. Step Two: Refine your research question. Step Three: Organize your approach. Step Four: Collect information. Step Five: Attribute the information. Step Six: Write your conclusion. Step Seven: Refine your thesis statement.
How many paragraphs are in a research paper?
But be sure to break the subject matter into smaller sections with each section carrying a detailed analysis of the topic sentence. The entire research paper 10 pages may contain approximately 22 paragraphs. The research paper will naturally begin with an introduction that may consist of two paragraphs.
What kind of question should qualitative research start with?
Qualitative Research Questions: Usually start with ‘what’ or ‘how’ (avoid beginning qualitative questions with ‘why’ as this implies cause and effect). Identify the central phenomenon you plan to explore (tell in your question what you are going to describe, explore, generate, discover, understand).
What is a catchy title?
A catchy headline is extremely important to bring the reader in to view an article, advertisement or social media post. A headline should be carefully worded to catch someone’s eye and get that person interested in reading what follows the headline.
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https://www.quickanswer.blog/question-how-do-you-write-a-research-paper-for-beginners/
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A hamburger is typically considered to be a variant on a sandwich involving a patty of ground beef. The name comes from the German city of Hamburg, something from Hamburg being "hamburger"; such ground beef patties originating or enjoying early popularity there. Originally these patties were known as "Hamburger steak" (first mentioned in an American cookbook in 1891), and when this was put between bread or in a bun it was called a "Hamburger sandwich". By the mid 20th century both terms were commonly shortened to "hamburger" or simply "burger".
The Hamburger's history is disputed. There is a description of something that is almost certainly similar in Roman texts. In Hamburg it was common to put a piece of roast pork into a roll in those days, called Rundstück warm. Perhaps an emigrant brought the idea to the US?
There are two independent definitions of what differentiates a burger from a sandwich:
- Burgers use processed meat, regardless of the type of bread.
- Burgers use a "burger" bun, regardless of the filling.
Some fast food restaurants rely heavily on the hamburger sandwich. The McDonald's
chain of restaurants sells a burger called the "Big Mac", which is possibly the best known hamburger, and certainly the world's biggest selling. Another major fast-food chain, Burger King
, sells a burger called "The Whopper". These burgers are typically served with french fries
Ingredients for a burger vary.
- In American restaurants, burgers are traditionally offered "with everything" (or "all the way," or in some regions "dressed") -- which includes lettuce, tomato, onion, and often a pickle (or pickle relish) -- or "hold the onions" -- with lettuce and tomato and maybe pickle; cheese (usually American processed cheese, but often cheddar, Swiss, or bleu, either melted on the meat patty or crumbled on top) is generally an option and technically makes it a "cheeseburger" instead of a "hamburger." Condiments are usually offered separately (= "on the side"), most commonly mustard and ketchup, although mayonnaise and other salad dressings are popular, as are salsa and other kinds of peppers. Some restaurants offer hamburgers with bacon and guacamole, as well.
- Australian hamburgers generally include tomato, lettuce, cheese, and meat (with BBQ or tomato sauce) as minimum, and can be optioned to include beetroot, onion, egg, bacon, and pineapple (aka "burger with the lot").
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Bible - modify search
New Defender's Study Bible Notes
14:8 carcase of the lion. The event has no naturalistic explanation. Samson was given supernatural strength because the Lord “sought an occasion against the Philistines: for at that time the Philistines had dominion over Israel” (Judges 14:4). The end result of all these exploits of Samson would be the freeing of Israel from Philistine domination. After this particular victory, Samson “judged Israel in the days of the Philistines twenty years (Judges 15:20).
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<urn:uuid:0370a762-8cbc-4907-b739-1149cf5db714>
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https://www.icr.org/home?module=home&action=submitsearch&f_submit=Search&f_context_any=any§ion=bible&f_search_type=bible&f_keyword_any=Judges+14:8
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Multiplex workers (experimental feature)
Caution: Experimental features are subject to change at any time.
Multiplex workers allow Bazel to handle multiple requests with a single worker process. For multi-threaded workers, Bazel can use fewer resources to achieve the same, or better performance. For example, instead of having one worker process per worker, Bazel can have four multiplexed workers talking to the same worker process, which can then handle requests in parallel. For languages like Java and Scala, this saves JVM warm-up time and JIT compilation time.
We add two layers between the Bazel server and the worker process. For certain
mnemonics that can run processes in parallel, Bazel gets a
the worker pool. The
WorkerProxy forwards requests to the worker process
sequentially along with a
request_id, the worker process processes the request
and sends responses to the
WorkerMultiplexer. When the
receives a response, it parses the
request_id and then forwards the responses
back to the correct
WorkerProxy. Just as with non-multiplexed workers, all
communication is done over standard in/out.
Each worker has a key. Bazel uses the key’s hash code (composed of environment
variables, the execution root, and the mnemonic) to determine which
WorkerMultiplexer to use.
WorkerProxys communicate with the same
WorkerMultiplexer if they have the same hash code. Therefore, assuming
environment variables and the execution root are the same in a single Bazel
invocation, each unique mnemonic can only have one
WorkerMultiplexer and one
worker process. The total number of workers, including regular workers and
WorkerProxys, is still limited by
Writing multiplex-compatible rules
The rule’s worker process should be multi-threaded to take advantage of
multiplex workers. Protobuf allows a ruleset to parse a single request even
though there might be multiple requests piling up in the stream. Whenever the
worker process parses a request from the stream, it should handle the request in
a new thread. Because different thread could complete and write to the stream at
the same time, the worker process needs to make sure the responses are written
atomically (i.e. messages don’t overlap). Responses must contain the
request_id of the request they’re handling.
Enabling multiplex workers
Multiplex workers are not enabled by default. A ruleset can turn on multiplex
workers by using the
supports-multiplex-workers tag in the
execution_requirements of an action (just like the
enables regular workers). As is the case when using regular workers, a worker
strategy needs to be specified, either at the ruleset level (for example,
--strategy=[some_mnemonic]=worker) or generally at the strategy level (for
--dynamic_local_strategy=worker,standalone.) No additional flags are
supports-multiplex-workers takes precedence over
supports-workers, if both are set. A ruleset is encouraged to use multiplex
workers if possible, to improve performance.
Due to a rare bug, multiplex workers are currently unstable. Occasionally, Bazel hangs indefinitely at the execution phase. If you see this behavior, stop the Bazel server and rerun. This delay is probably caused by
- Multiplex workers waiting for responses from the worker process that never comes.
- Incorrectly configured ruleset worker implementation where a thread dies or a race condition occurs. To counteract this, ensure the worker process returns responses in all circumstances.
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Scientific name: Maranta
Maranta originates from Tropical America. This family of plants has very ornamental and beautiful foliage; with different shades of green, purple and some of them have thin lines. They are known as Praying Plant because some varieties in this group have a tendency of folding their leaves at night. They are moderately easy to grow in Egypt in winter times, but our summers’ high heat, causes harm to the plant, leaves get scorched easily.
Unlike other colored foliage plants, which need high intensity of light, these plants can tolerate shady places, 2-3 meters from the window. Never expose to direct sunlight as it will damage the leaves.
Maranta thrives in a warm and humid atmosphere, but not the hot weather of over 35 C.
Irrigate the plant when compost feels dry, do not leave pot standing in excess water, not to rote and decay.
Feed plant half a dose, twice a month, during the growing phase.
Varieties of Praying Plant available in store
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https://www.florabelegypt.com/prayingplant
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stereographic projection in fisheye lenses
- stereographic projection is a way of picturing a 3D sphere as a 2D plane to maintain angles, and this doesn't compress marginal objects as much.
- stereographic projection has been used to map 360 degree spherical panoramas and Little Planet imagery
- this results in effects known as a little planet (when the center of projection is the nadir) and a tube (when the center of projection is the zenith).
- traditional fisheye lenses use an equal-area projection in which areas close to the edge retain their shape, and straight lines are less curved, these images can be automatically converted to stereographic projection using tools such as Panotools
- some newer fisheye lenses such as the Samyang / Rokinon 7.5mm f/3.5 manual focus fisheye for Micro Four Thirds use stereographic projection which is more expensive to make
photo/stereographic_projection.txt · Last modified: 2015/11/01 23:23 by gary1
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Researchers have created a new game for people with schizophrenia that they say can improve their memory and help them work and live independently.
A study published in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B reveals how Wizard, an app created for the iPad, was developed and tested with a group of 22 participants who had been diagnosed with schizophrenia.
Lead author Prof. Barbara Sahakian, from the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Cambridge, UK, says that a way of treating the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia is needed, but slow progress is being made toward developing a drug treatment.
“So this proof-of-concept study is important because it demonstrates that the memory game can help where drugs have so far failed,” she continues. “Because the game is interesting, even those patients with a general lack of motivation are spurred on to continue the training.”
Schizophrenia is a severe chronic brain disorder that affects how people perceive the world. People with the condition can experience a variety of symptoms, including “losing touch with reality,” disruption to normal emotions and behaviors and problems with cognitive function.
The condition can be very disabling and can make it difficult for people to maintain relationships or stay in employment. According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), this illness occurs in around 1% of the US population.
Symptoms of psychosis – such as hallucinations – can be controlled with current forms of medication, but there are as yet no licensed pharmaceutical treatments available to improve cognitive functioning.
A recent systematic review indicated that computerized practice could be used to improve a range of cognitive areas such as episodic memory in people with schizophrenia. As reports have found that cognitive therapy sessions for people with schizophrenia have high drop-out rates, the researchers thought that a form of video-game training might have better outcomes.
“Computer games that are custom-made to be enjoyable, attention-grabbing and easily accessible may thus comprise an appealing treatment option for patients and a cost-effective option for health services,” the authors write.
As a result, they developed Wizard, designing the game to improve a player’s episodic memory. The game developers augmented a memory task with a story in which the player could choose and name their own character, and players were rewarded with additional in-game activities that were independent of the cognitive training.
A total of 22 participants with schizophrenia were randomly assigned to either continue their normal treatment or to a cognitive training group that would play Wizard for 8 hours over the course of 4 weeks.
- Schizophrenia occurs in 10% of people with a first-degree relative with the disorder
- Symptoms of the disorder typically start between the ages 16-30
- People with schizophrenia are not usually violent.
After the 4 weeks, the researchers tested the episodic memory of each participant. They also measured the participants’ levels of enjoyment and motivation and calculated their scores on the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale – a scale used to measure social, occupational and psychological functioning.
The researchers found that the participants assigned to play the computer game had significantly better episodic memories than the control group while also scoring higher on the GAF scale. These participants also reported enjoying the game and were motivated to continue playing it throughout the study’s duration.
While they are unsure precisely how using the app improved the participant’s functioning, the researchers believe that improvements in episodic memory could be the cause. Alternatively, improvements to motivation and self-esteem caused by cognitive training may be a factor.
Co-author Prof. Peter Jones believes that the results are promising and suggest that there may be the potential to use game apps to improve not only episodic memory but also functioning in routine activities.
“We will need to carry out further studies with larger sample sizes to confirm the current findings, but we hope that, used in conjunction with medication and current psychological therapies, this could help people with schizophrenia minimize the impact of their illness on everyday life,” he concludes.
Recently, Medical News Today reported on a meta-analysis published in The Lancet Psychiatry that examined the association between smoking and psychosis.
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https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/297563
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The lymphatic system is one of the body’s chief infection fighters. This system contains lymph, which is a type of fluid, and lymph nodes, which are positioned in key areas in the body.
Lymph nodes are responsible for filtering lymph fluid and detecting chemical changes that signal if an infection is present.
Cancer cells can also get into the lymphatic system and get lodged in lymph nodes. When they are in the armpit, these filter points are called axillary lymph nodes.
- When cancer has spread to the axillary lymph nodes, the nodes may feel enlarged, or there may be a noticeable lump.
- A breast cancer prognosis is better when the cancer is only in the breast, and the lymph nodes are not affected.
- Most people who have enlarged axillary lymph nodes do not have cancer at all.
- The staging or grading of cancer takes into account whether and how much cancer has spread to the lymph nodes.
Contents of this article:
Axillary lymph nodes and breast cancer
Which axillary lymph nodes does breast cancer spread to first?
Sometimes, breast cancer can spread to the axillary lymph nodes, which are in a person’s armpits.
The number of axillary lymph nodes can vary from person to person, ranging from 5 nodes to more than 30.
When someone is diagnosed with breast cancer, knowing if cancer has spread to their axillary lymph nodes can determine the type of treatment they have, as well as their prognosis.
The connection between axillary lymph nodes and breast cancer
What is the association between breast cancer and axillary lymph nodes?
The axillary lymph nodes are usually the first set of lymph nodes where breast cancer will spread.
And because the breast and armpit are close to each other, the lymph nodes are a common place where this type of cancer spreads.
As a general rule, the more a cancer has spread from its starting point, the worse the prognosis may be for a person.
Do lymph nodes have to be removed in breast cancer?
If the cancer has spread to the axillary lymph nodes, a doctor will usually recommend removing the lymph nodes during the surgery to remove the originating tumor.
What are the side effects of having lymph nodes removed?
Lymph nodes are responsible for draining lymph fluid, so their removal can cause some side effects after surgery. One side effect can be lymphedema of the arm, which is a chronic swelling of the arm.
Axillary lymph nodes often feel like small, round “sponges” under the skin. Sometimes they are painful to the touch. A doctor will investigate if the cancer may have spread to the lymph nodes by doing…
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<urn:uuid:4c71c0f8-fc7b-433e-9ccd-341dda1514ec>
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https://www.medicalrecords.com/2021/09/08/blog/how-is-breast-cancer-related-to-the-axillary-lymph-nodes
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| 0.942905
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The Narragansett Indian Tribe is a federally recognized Indian tribe that has lived in the area of present-day Rhode Island for thousands of years. The tribe is descended from the Algonquian-speaking people of the Wampanoag Confederacy.
The tribe was first encountered by Europeans in the early 1600s and soon became a major trading partner with the English settlers. The Narragansett were an important ally of the English during the Pequot War of 1636-1638.
In 1675, the Narragansett were drawn into King Philip’s War, a conflict between the English settlers and the Wampanoag leader Metacom. The Narragansett were defeated by the English and their traditional lands were taken away.
In the 19th century, the Narragansett were among the first Native American tribes to be recognized by the United States government. In 1983, the Narragansett Indian Tribe was officially recognized by the federal government and given sovereignty over their tribal lands.
Today, the Narragansett Indian Tribe is a thriving community of over 3,000 members and is dedicated to preserving and promoting their culture, language, and traditions.
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<urn:uuid:ae8be51d-4284-4a44-85e3-6fb4dc5db13e>
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https://americanindiancoc.org/narragansett-nation/
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| 0.984673
| 250
| 4.1875
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Plants are central to life on Earth: they serve as the foundation for most of its ecosystems, and – at a more fundamental level – generate much of its oxygen. Humans exploit them in agriculture, to source drugs and medicine (not so much any more), and for decoration (still ongoing).
plants have had to evolve regulatory systems to help them survive in an ever-shifting environment
Despite their variety, plants share an obvious drawback: their immobility. As a result, plants have had to evolve regulatory systems to help them survive in an ever-shifting environment that they cannot simply walk away from. Though perennially of interest, with the added pressures of climate change and increasing population, elucidating their mechanisms of survival has never been more important.
The Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University opened in 2011, with the goal of creating a collaborative and interdisciplinary research environment through which the underlying regulatory mechanisms of plant growth and development could be clarified. As such, it was a prime venue for this year’s meeting – The Sainsbury Laboratory Symposium 2016 – which brought together an international assortment of plant developmental researchers, studying processes that are inherent, as well as those generated in response to the environment.
A recurrent theme throughout the meeting was plant sensing: how it occurs, and how it drives development and growth. To begin at the beginning (or the end, depending how you look at it), Gwyenth Ingram spoke on how a plant makes seeds, a process that requires coordinated development of several tissues that are essentially isolated from each other, precluding chemical communication. Mechanosensitivity instead drives seed development, the developing seed expanding like, she suggested, a balloon. Last year, her group demonstrated the second cell layer in to be the mechano-responsive region: with changes in microtubule dynamics and thickening of the outer cell wall increasing expression of ELA1 (a regulator of seed size and gibberellin metabolism).
Mechanosensitivity drives seed development, the developing seed expanding like a balloon
For coordination of growth once the plant is out of the seed, one family of plant signaling molecules associated with an ever increasing number of roles is the strigalactone family.
In the opening Keynote talk, Sofie Goormachtig discussed her work on elucidating the underlying strigalactone signalling networks in the root whose crucial role in shaping root architecture is dependent on the hormonal landscape produced from the cross-talk of two other signaling molecules, auxin and cytokinin, so that root architecture is shaped by three tightly integrated signaling networks, enabling the flexibility required for adaptive responses to environmental change.
Predatory Parasites (it’s not all good)
Strigalactone signaling underlies the nodulation response at the early stages of symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria – but it is also intercepted by less desirable elements of the environment.
Some of the most notorious parasites are those of the genus Striga: “witchweeds”. These parasitic weeds appear from seemingly nowhere, and cause massive crop loss – most often in sub-Saharan Africa, but they have also been seen in other regions. Striga lack the ability to photosynthesize, instead relying on a host that they perceive through strigalactones released into the soil.
Ken Shirasu, interested in establishing the molecular mechanisms of striga-like parasitism has employed Phtheirospermum japonicum as a model organism, which, unlike striga, is a non-obligate parasite – its ability to live outside a host making it easier to study. This has, for instance, enabled him to look more closely at the haustorium – an invasive organ that establishes vascular connections with the host.
Using forward genetics, his group was able to demonstrate earlier this year that the root hair development program is adapted for haustorial hair formation in P. japonicum, which facilitates transport of nutrients from host to parasite – and they have since shown that development of the haustorium is dependent on the gene YUC3, an auxin biosynthetic gene, with auxin strategically concentrated at the haustorium contact site – another strigalactone-auxin connection.
Many parasites subvert plant growth for their own ends, cyst nematodes providing a particularly intimate example, reported by Melissa Mitchum. In plants, the CLE family of proteins regulate stem cell pools. Cyst nematodes, in an impressive feat of cross-kingdom mimicry, generate their own CLE-like proteins to promote feeding site formation, through manipulation of the plants’ cell proliferation pathways, though they are still dependent on host cellular post-translational machinery to “mature” their CLE-like proteins.
Adapting and – future-proofing?
It is no news that plants adapt their morphology to optimize environmental resource acquisition, though non-invasive imaging approaches, such as X-ray based microCT,used by Malcolm Bennet to study root adaptive responses as they probe the soil for water and nutrients, have shown we didn’t know it all.
Roots, for example, well known to adapt the direction of their growth in response to water level, also adapt the position of lateral roots in response to water level, and to heterogeneous distribution of nutrients.
Plants provide many examples of impressive reactive growth adaptations – but how about proactive ones?
These were the topic Jose Gutierrez-Marcos addressed, talking on his work on epigenetics.
He and his colleagues reported earlier this year that high salinity exposure of parent plants confers an improved salinity tolerance on the offspring, and that this increase in robustness is coupled to maternally inherited changes in DNA methylation state, particularly at epigenetically labile regions, capable of spontaneously changing their DNA methylation state.
When stressors are removed, stress-associated methylation states gradually revert. Perfect, it might seem, for rapidly adapting to short-term environmental fluctuations, since stress-associated epigenetic changes are at once stable enough to be heritable over multiple generations, without being irreversible.
Tip of the iceberg
Needless to say, this barely scratches the surface of the astonishing adaptability of plant life, and the growing understanding of environmental effects, internal to the developing plant or external and beyond its control. But advances in understanding of the molecular web underlying plant plasticity will, we must hope, bring plant adaptations increasingly under our control.
Latest posts by Christian Matheou (see all)
- Mouse models, tau tangles and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease - 3rd January 2017
- Rooted in a changing environment - 23rd September 2016
- Learning from plants: new routes to engineering disease resistance - 22nd February 2016
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The integration of blockchain into the robotics industry will be the next step in the global revolution of production processes.
The robotics industry is, in fact, one of the sectors that will shape the world’s next industrial revolution.
Starting from relatively simple machines capable of performing limited repetitive operations in a standardised environment, they are now evolving towards the so-called “Cobots” – which stands for Collaborative Robots – that is, machines capable of working side by side with man and, thanks to AI, learn from his actions.
These machines able to interact directly with the worker are the step that will definitively revolutionise the sector, according to a report by the IFR.
After revolutionising the automotive sector, currently the two sectors in which robots are most used are food (+60%) and computer science (+50%), showing how the revolution is now cross-sectoral.
Blockchain and the robotics industry
The revolution, however, can only be completed through full autonomous data management by the AI, with which production data is exchanged from one unit to another without the need for intervention by technicians.
However, this requires a data management technology that is safe, efficient and incorruptible. Otherwise, the activity of hackers can become destructive, for example by corrupting a production cycle and producing defective products.
A hacked home robot can spy on the privacy of the home and so forth. It is in this scenario that the blockchain comes into play, allowing to interface the various robots in a simple and safe way, given the incorruptibility of the technology.
Several companies like the Japanese Cyberdyne (not to be confused with that of Terminator), Rockwell and ABB, are evolving in these directions.
Symposia are held at MIT on blockchain applied to robotics, moreover, integration solutions designed by companies such as Fenergo allow even greater integration of blockchain in the robotics industry, which extends to the management of document obligations and the assessment of customer satisfaction.
The blockchain applied to robotics will not lead to the Terminator era, but to a different approach in production processes.
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It’s important to note that limping chickens aren’t always unhealthy. In some cases, they might simply be too young to walk normally. If you start question why my chicken is limping, contact your local veterinarian immediately.
- Limping in chickens can be caused by a variety of reasons, including injury, surgery, overeating, fighting, and poisoning.
- Bumblefoot is a common problem in chickens that can cause limping and is caused by a type of bacterium called staphylococcus.
- Arthritis can also cause limping in chickens and is caused by a variety of factors, including bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi.
- Chicken owners should carefully inspect their chickens for signs of injury or illness and provide appropriate care.
- It is important to remember that chickens come in different sizes, and larger chickens may be more prone to limping than smaller ones.
5 Reasons Your Chicken may be Limping
A limping chicken doesn’t always mean something serious is wrong. In fact, you might find yourself wondering what caused the bird to limp. Here are five common reasons chicken limp:1. A chicken that limps because he or she has injured his or her foot or leg. This can happen when a chicken steps on a sharp object like glass or metal, or gets caught up in a wire fence. If your chicken limps frequently, check his or her feet and legs carefully. Look for swelling, cuts, scrapes, or anything else out of place.2. Chickens that limp because they’ve had surgery. Sometimeschickens that limp after having surgery don’t know it. They just assume they’re lame and keep limping around.3. A chicken that limped because he or she ate too much. When a chicken eats too much, it can become bloated. Bloating can make a chicken feel uncomfortable and even painful.4. A chicken that limbed because he or she got into a fight. Fighting usually happens when two chickens aren’t used to each other. One chicken may attack another, causing injuries.5. A chicken that limbered because he or she ate something poisonous. Poisonous foods include things like berries, mushrooms, and plants. Poisoned chickens can suffer from diarrhea, vomiting, and paralysis.
Other Causes of Limp Chickens
Chickens can limp because of many different things. One common problem is called “bumblefoot.” If you notice your hen limps, it could be due to bumblefoot. Bumblefoot is caused by a type of bacterium called staphylococcus. These bacteria live on the skin of animals like chickens and people. They don’t harm us unless we break our skin and allow them to enter our bodies.When chickens hop off high roosts, there is a chance that they’ll get a small cut on their feet. This provides the Staph bacteria entry into the chicken’s foot. Once it gets inside the chicken’s foot, it begins to grow and multiply. This causes swelling and redness around the area. You can treat bumblefoot by cleaning out the wound and keeping the affected foot elevated.
Chickens are prone to arthritis, just like people. This disease causes pain and discomfort in the joints, making it hard to move around. If left untreated, arthritis can lead to lameness and even death.The symptoms include limping, stiffness, lack of appetite, loss of weight, and difficulty standing up. You might notice one or more of these signs in your chicken.Infectious arthritis is caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi. Bacteria such as Salmonella enteritidis can cause infectious arthritis. Viruses such as Marek’s disease and avian leukosis virus can also infect chickens and cause arthritis. Parasites such as coccidia and mycotoxins can also cause arthritis. Fungi such as Aspergillus flavus can cause fungal arthritis.
In conclusion, if you see your chickens limping around, don’t panic. They might have injured their leg, but they’re fine. Just give them some TLC and they should heal quickly. And remember: when it comes to chickens, size does matter. A big chicken will always limp more than a small one.
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Trauma-Focused Therapy Can Help You Heal
Trauma-focused therapy is a type of therapy that can help you heal from the effects of traumatic experiences. It can help you understand and manage your emotions, deal with flashbacks and nightmares, and improve your relationships. There are five main ways that trauma-focused therapy can help you heal: by providing support and guidance, teaching coping skills, helping you process your experience, reducing stress, and improving self-esteem. If you’re struggling with the aftermath of a traumatic experience, trauma-focused therapy may be right for you. Talk to your therapist or doctor to find out more.
It can help you understand and process your traumatic experience.
While everyone processes trauma differently, there are some common symptoms that can arise in the aftermath of a traumatic event. These can include intrusive thoughts or memories, flashbacks, nightmares, avoidance of certain people or places, and feeling on edge or hypervigilant. While it can be difficult to talk about these experiences, trauma-focused therapy can provide an important outlet for processing trauma. In therapy, you will have the opportunity to explore your experience in a safe and supportive environment. You may also learn coping and problem-solving skills to help you manage your symptoms. With the help of a trained therapist, you can begin to understand and make peace with your experience.
It can provide a safe space for you to express your feelings and emotions.
The goal of trauma-focused therapy is to help you feel safe and to express your feelings and emotions. It can help you to understand what happened to you and develop coping skills. You should talk to your doctor or mental health professional. They can help you find a therapist who specializes in this type of therapy. This is because the therapist is trained to provide a non-judgmental and supportive environment. Therapy can help you to understand the trauma and its effects on your life.
It can help you develop healthy coping mechanisms for dealing with trauma.
One way to do this is by participating in activities that make you feel good. This could include things like exercise, spending time in nature, or engaging in creative pursuits. These activities can help to release endorphins, which can boost your mood and help you to feel better. Additionally, it is important to talk about your experiences with someone you trust. Talking about what you have been through can help you to process the trauma and start to heal. Finally, it is important to take care of yourself in general. This means eating well, getting enough sleep, and avoiding drugs and alcohol. Taking care of yourself will help you to feel stronger and more capable of dealing with whatever comes your way.
The therapy can increase your self-awareness and self-esteem.
One of the benefits of therapy is that it can help you to become more self-aware. By exploring your thoughts and feelings in a safe and supportive environment, you can gain a better understanding of who you are and what makes you tick. therapy can also help you to build self-esteem. As you learn to accept and value yourself, you may find that you start to feel more confident in your abilities.
Over time, this increased sense of self-worth can lead to improved relationships, greater success at work, and a general sense of well-being. In short, therapy has the potential to change your life for the better in a number of ways. If you’re struggling with low self-esteem or a lack of direction, it may be worth considering giving therapy a try.
It can be life-changing, helping you to move on from the past and live a healthier, happier life.
Trauma therapy can also help you to learn healthy coping skills so that you can better manage your stress and emotions. trauma therapy can be an incredibly powerful tool for healing and growth. If you are struggling with trauma, consider seeking out trauma therapy. It could be the best decision you ever make.
Trauma-focused therapy can help you heal the trauma that has impacted your life. If you’re struggling with the aftermath of a traumatic experience, we encourage you to seek out professional help. Have you tried trauma-focused therapy? What was your experience like? Share your thoughts in the comments below.
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The lower school at Jackson Hole Classical Academy consists of grades K-6. One of the primary objectives of this stage of learning is to build habits of learning in students. At the same time – and of equal importance - students are inspired with a sense of wonder and imagination in all disciplines of study. The lower school disciplines are: singapore math, language arts, history, science, the fine arts, which consists of music and art, and physical education. Latin (starting in second grade) and chess are taught as supporting disciplines. Every discipline uses memorization to fill the curious young minds with the information that they crave. Upon graduation of the sixth grade, students leave the lower school and enter the upper school
Singapore math, as indicated by its name, is a mathematical program first introduced in Singapore, and has been widely recognized as the foremost program for mathematical mastery in the early stages of learning. In this program of study, JHCA students in grades K-5 acquire mathematical concepts inductively. They also memorize math facts. Over the course of the program at JHCA, students progress from concrete representations of mathematical facts using manipulatives, to pictorial representations, and finally to abstract mathematical concepts. Students end their lower school math with a consumer math and informal logic course, called bridge math, which bridges students from singapore math to pre-algebra. For more information on singapore math, please read here
The language arts curriculum at JHCA, which draws from the expertise of Spalding Education
, focuses on phonics, handwriting, and spelling. As students build these skills, they learn grammar and writing. Students begin with short summaries; by the end of the lower school program, students write narrative essays and short analysis paragraphs on the course reading. A significant portion of the language arts curriculum focuses on poetry memorization
. One class per week performs a poem for the whole school.Science:
Students begin scientific study at JHCA with nature studies. They observe plants, animals, insects, and rocks closely and then record their observations with sketches and written notes. Our campus in beautiful Jackson, WY affords our students the unique opportunity to explore Grand Teton National Park
, Yellowstone National Park
, and the many wilderness areas rich in wildlife and ecological diversity that surround us. As these young students gain an awareness of the world around them, they also begin to memorize science facts. Moving into the end of the lower school, students complete more formal, guided experiments and lecture-based instruction alongside inquiry-based learning.
The history curriculum at JHCA starts with stories of Wyoming, of Jackson Hole, and of important American people, places, symbols and landmarks. Through classroom study – as well as excursions to local and regional resources such as The Historic Miller Ranch
– students cultivate an awareness of time and recognize the effect of past events. As students progress through the history program, they broaden their understanding of world geography and build valuable map reading skills. Ultimately, JHCA students learn to critically examine one’s own heritage and culture and learn how to study a particular civilization’s world-wide impacts via both primary and secondary sources. JHCA students learn to understand the stories of history as narratives that intertwine, affecting other cultures and other times, even those of our own present experiences.
Fine Arts: Music and art are an integral part of the curriculum at Jackson Hole Classical Academy. The music curriculum teaches theory, voice practice, and music history. Art classes teach art history and a broad range of media. Every year, JHCA holds an Evening of the Arts, to which the entire Jackson Hole community is invited. The JH Community Choir, accompanied by student and faculty musicians, perform a diverse repertoire of songs. The evening provides JHCA students the opportunity to showcase the wide variety of musical and art talents that they’ve cultivated throughout the year.
Physical Education: Students participate in physical education at JHCA three days per week, developing key motor skills and sportsmanship. Our field house provides professional-grade amenities and an abundance of indoor space for our PE classes. Further, our campus – coupled with the wealth of beautiful outdoor space in Jackson Hole – allows our students to grow athletically outside, as well.
Students begin learning Latin through immersive conversation in 2nd-4th grades. Beginning in 5th grade, students begin to learn paradigms and more "formal" Latin grammar. Latin is foundational not only to English but to the romance languages as well and serves as an instrumental starting point to mastery and eloquence in these languages. As students progress to the upper school
, their studies in Latin prove valuable in their understanding of literature and history – and even math and science – as these disciplines draw heavily from a historical context that lived and moved in the Latin language.
Twice per week students learn the rules, tactics, and strategy of chess. As students progress through the JHCA Chess Program, they learn valuable problem-solving skills and cultivate creativity, too. For students that wish to develop a more profound proficiency in chess, JHCA hosts a Chess Club for the town of Jackson Hole that takes place after school and culminates in competitive, state-wide competitions.
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Migraines in Children Are Often Overlooked - NYTimes.com
Returning to Classrooms, and to Severe HeadachesBy TARA PARKER-POPE
For kids around the country it's back-to-school time. But for many of them, it's also the return of headache season.
Doctors say frequent headaches and migraines are among the most common childhood health complaints, yet the problem gets surprisingly little attention from the medical community. Many pediatricians and parents view migraines as an adult condition. And because many children complain of headaches more often during the school year than the summer, parents often think a child is exaggerating symptoms to get out of schoolwork.
Often the real issue, say doctors, is that changes in a child's sleep schedule, including getting up early for school and staying up late to study, as well as skipping breakfast, not drinking enough water and weather changes can all trigger migraines when the school year starts.
"In many areas people just don't think kids can get migraines," says Dr. Andrew Hershey, professor of pediatrics and neurology and director of the headache center at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. "But kids shouldn't be missing activities and having trouble at school because they're having headaches. If it happens, it shouldn't be ignored."
Migraine is an inherited neurological condition characterized by severe, often disabling headache pain. During a migraine attack, a number of changes occur throughout the brain causing dilation of blood vessels; severe pain; increased sensitivity to lights, sounds and smells; nausea and vomiting; and other symptoms. It's estimated that about 10 percent of young children and up to 28 percent of older teenagers suffer from migraines. (Hormonal changes during puberty can also be a trigger.)
But childhood migraine often doesn't show up the same way as an adult migraine. While adult migraines often last four hours or more, in a child, the duration of a migraine can range from as little as one hour up to 72 hours. In adults, migraines typically settle on one side of the head, but in children migraine pain is often felt across the front of the forehead or on both temples rather than on just one side. As a result, childhood migraines are often dismissed as sinus headaches.
Complicating matters is that sometimes pediatric migraines don't involve headache pain. Instead, the child may have abdominal pain, vomiting or feelings of vertigo.
Around the country, only about 20 centers focus on pediatric migraine, forcing parents to seek the advice of pediatricians with little experience treating migraine or neurologists who specialize in adult care.
"The presentation is different enough that it can be missed by an adult neurologist," says Dr. Philip Overby, assistant professor of neurology and pediatrics at Children's Hospital at Montefiore in the Bronx. "Kids 3 years old can be having a migraine; even a 5-year-old will struggle to provide a history of what they're experiencing."
Parents often have a hard time distinguishing between real pain and the imaginary maladies that young children sometimes invent. Dr. Hershey tells the story of a 6-year-old boy with daily headaches, whose parents thought he was just trying to avoid school. His parents finally sought treatment and by the time he was in the third grade the headaches were under control. "He was a different kid, more active and happy all the time," said Dr. Hershey. "The parents realized he really had been having headaches, but they had been denying it."
But parents also say they have struggled to find doctors who take a child's headache complaints seriously. When Cathy Glaser's daughter began suffering migraines as a toddler, her New York pediatrician couldn't help. By the age of 15, her daughter was virtually disabled by migraines, but finally found help at the Michigan Headache and Neurological Institute in Chelsea, Mich.
The experience prompted Ms. Glaser to help create the Migraine Research Foundation. The group's "For Our Children" initiative raises awareness and money for pediatric migraine research. The group's Web site, www.migraineresearchfoundation.org, also offers a list of headache centers that treat children. "It's astounding that so little attention is being paid to such a disabling and socially expensive problem," she says.
And some of the newest and most effective migraine treatments and preventive drugs have yet to win Food and Drug Administration approval for pediatric use. For instance, a class of migraine drugs called triptans, which narrow blood vessels in the brain, have been lifesavers for migraine patients, but so far only one has been approved for pediatric use in the United States. (Three such drugs are approved for pediatric use in Europe.) Even so, many adult migraine treatments have been used off label for years in children.
Janet Podell of Highland Park, N.J., says her daughter Hannah began suffering from migraines around age 8. The pain later became so debilitating that Hannah missed two years of school. Finally, the family found a doctor who prescribed a combination of drugs. Although Hannah, now 20, still gets migraines, they are essentially under control.
"It was two years of utter misery which changed her life and the family's life very drastically," says Ms. Podell. "She lost two years of her early adolescence."
Dr. Hershey treats pediatric patients with a three-pronged approach. It starts with immediate pain relief, using either ibuprofen or a triptan drug. Because frequent use of over-the-counter pain relievers can set off a "rebound" effect, leading to more headaches, treatment should be discussed with a doctor.
Second, he says, children who have more than one headache a week may need preventive therapy, like low doses of antidepressants or anti-seizure drugs that have been shown to prevent adult migraines. And lifestyle changes like exercise, drinking more water, getting adequate sleep and not missing meals are essential.
"These are kids who are often staying up late to study and getting up early to get to school and frequently skipping meals," says Dr. Overby. "I can't say it's typical that you can completely cure headaches just by lifestyle measures alone, but if you don't address those things as well you'll never be able to control them."
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Remembrance Day is celebrated on the anniversary of the armistice of WWI, at that hour on that date, we remember the dead of war.
There will come a day, not too far from now, when there are no survivors of the two great wars, and the living memory of these two horrific wars will be gone. This has already happened with WWI. There are no veterans of that war left. No one to tell, from memory, the horrors of that war. Of standing in muddy trenches, with soaked boots, never to be able to get your feet dry, until for many gangrene set in. Of the stench of corpses, both in “no man’s land” and in the very trenches themselves. Of a war of attrition where millions died; where the strategy was to have men throw themselves over the top of the trench and run towards the machine guns of the enemy. A war that saw the first use of poison gas in war.
The motto of Remembrance Day is “Lest We Forget”. Lest we forget those who died. Lest we forget what they went through.
On this day, we do not remember war for its supposed glory. We do something that we do not like to do. We remember its dead. Those who died. On both sides.
We remember with John McRae’s poem, in Flanders Fields, who fought in the Second Battle of Ypres, where the dead of that battle, and the battle before were buried in Flanders Fields. And it is because of this poem that we remember by wearing the poppy. And it is because we remember the dead on both sides, that Remembrance Day is not a patriotic event. We remember the dead. They died before we were born. But still we remember them.
In Flanders fields the poppies blow
Between the crosses, row on row,
That mark our place; and in the sky
The larks, still bravely singing, fly
Scarce heard amid the guns below.
We are the Dead. Short days ago
We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow,
Loved and were loved, and now we lie
In Flanders fields.
Take up our quarrel with the foe:
To you from failing hands we throw
The torch; be yours to hold it high.
If ye break faith with us who die
We shall not sleep, though poppies grow
In Flanders fields.
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Read Joshua 9, Jeremiah 35, and Psalms 81-83.
This devotional is about Joshua 9.
What would you do if your country was being attacked by a ruthless band of vagabonds who, despite their limited means, were winning their battles with seemingly supernatural help? That’s the question that the Gibeonites were asking themselves during Joshua’s conquest of Canaan; their answer is recorded here in Joshua 9.
I think my answer would have been unconditional surrender: “Take us over; we’re all yours. Please be merciful to us.”
The Gibeonites, however, didn’t try this. It seems impossible, but perhaps they had heard about the instructions God gave in Deuteronomy 7:1-2: “When the Lord your God brings you into the land you are entering to possess and drives out before you many nations—the Hittites, Girgashites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites and Jebusites, seven nations larger and stronger than you—and when the Lord your God has delivered them over to you and you have defeated them, then you must destroy them totally. Make no treaty with them, and show them no mercy.” That last sentence, “Make no treaty with them, and show them no mercy” doesn’t seem to leave any room for surrender. Again, is it possible that the Gibeonites had heard about these instructions? It seems unlikely, but given how much they (vv. 9-10) Rahab (Josh 2:9-11) knew about God and his work on behalf of Israel, maybe word about God’s instructions had spread, too, along with these reports.
Regardless of what they knew about Israel, the Gibeonites responded to the threat of Israel through deception. They concocted a story about being from a “distant country” (v. 6, 9) and backed it up with costumes and props that would support their story (vv. 4-5, 11-13).
Their plan worked and Israel entered into a treaty with the Gibeonite without even knowing where they were from (v. 15, 19). Verse 14 notes that, “The Israelites sampled their provisions but did not inquire of the Lord.” In other words, they trusted the information from their 5 senses enough that they did not look to the Lord for insight and wisdom.
Note the contrast between Joshua 7 and today’s passage in Joshua 9. In Joshua 7, Israel was defeated by Ai, and Joshua started praying (7:6-9) but God told him to stop praying and start rooting sin out of the camp (vv. 10-12). I take this to mean that Joshua should have known there was a sin problem since God had promised to defeat Israel’s enemies and had done so—miraculously so—in Jericho. Joshua and the elders of Israel were asking God, in Joshua 7, why when they should have been asking him, “Who sinned?”
Now here in Joshua 9 they were tempted to depart from God’s clear instructions and yet they did not think to ask God. Instead, they decided to follow what seemed reasonable.
You and I face this kind of temptation, too. We know what God has said but we think the option in front of us is some kind of exception to God’s clear word. When we do this, we are putting ourselves at risk. At the very least we risk making an unwise decision; often we are making a sinful decision, one that will cause us great pain later.
In this case, the Gibeonites saved their skin through this deception (vv. 16-18). That was not the most damaging outcome that could have happened to Israel but it did cause the leadership to lose some credibility (v. 18d).
My question about this passage is: Did Israel really need to honor this treaty? The Gibeonites were completely dishonest. Their argument for the treaty was a total lie and they sold their lie with deception. Doesn’t their dishonesty invalidate the agreement?
I think it probably would have been permissible morally to break their treaty. However, Israel’s leaders were at fault here, too. They could have investigated the claims of the Gibeonites more thoroughly and they could and should have sought guidance from the Lord.
Given that Israel agreed to this—foolishly—it may have been permissible morally to attack the Gibeonites, but it was probably not the godly response. Joshua’s statement in verse 20: “This is what we will do to them: We will let them live, so that God’s wrath will not fall on us for breaking the oath we swore to them” was, at last, a godly way to look at the situation. Psalm 15:4b says that a godly person “keeps an oath even when it hurts, and does not change their mind.” This is why Jesus cautioned us not to take oaths at all (Matt 5:33-37).
Are there any promises you’ve made that you should live up to, even though you made them foolishly and they will be more costly than you expected to fulfill? Let his passage inform your life; be careful about what you commit to do but, if you do commit to do something, make sure you do it. This is an approach that honors our Lord.
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Monitoring and evaluationGlobal Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition
Our monitoring and evaluation research aims to develop methods and gather high quality information to better understand overweight, obesity and associated risk factors. These data are necessary to inform policy and practice, and to evaluate large scale community, policy and natural experiments aimed at promoting healthy weight.
Australia currently lacks the routine and high quality, high coverage data collections that are required to understand the trends and inequalities of overweight, obesity and related risk factors including physical inactivity and poor nutrition. Our work seeks to address these gaps, including through development and application of innovative methods.
Given the high and inequitably distributed prevalence of unhealthy weight in Australia, better monitoring and evaluation data are needed to:
- inform policy development
- allocate services to communities
- identify populations at increased risk
- understand the progress so far in halting or reversing the rise in obesity.
Recent work has identified widening inequalities in overweight and obesity among young children in Victoria, as well as urban-rural inequalities in children’s physical activity environments. We have also evaluated large community-based interventions to promote healthy weight, and are currently collating, harmonising and meta-analysing the evaluation data as part of NHMRC Ideas grant ‘PRECIS’.
Our research focuses on:
- establishing high quality monitoring systems for both primary and secondary school children
- developing new methodologies to the collection of anthropometric and risk factor data among populations
- evaluating community-based interventions aimed at preventing childhood obesity.
PRECIS: PRecision Evidence for Childhood obesity prevention InterventionS
PRECIS will bring together the best international evidence around complex community-based interventions to prevent child and adolescent obesity. The project has been funded by the NHMRC Ideas scheme for 4 years (2021–2024).
Gathering a unique dataset of 20 diverse community-based obesity prevention interventions from Australia, New Zealand, USA and across the Pacific region, the aims of PRECIS are to:
- identify and validate combinations of individual, community and intervention characteristics in community-based obesity prevention interventions that most strongly predict intervention effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. Methods will include both machine learning and epidemiological analysis.
- identify and quantify the broader impacts (co-benefits) of community-based obesity prevention and the impact of these additional benefits on cost-effectiveness estimates
- establish an international knowledge translation and exchange network for community-based obesity prevention.
RESPOND (Reflexive Evidence and Systems interventions to Prevent Obesity and Non-communicable Disease)
The RESPOND Ovens Murray and Goulburn Health Behaviours Monitoring Study is one of Australia’s largest measured and high participatory opt-out childhood obesity and risk factor surveillance system among primary school children. In 2019 and 2022 (delayed due to COVID-19), students in grades 2, 4 and 6 from all primary schools across the 12 local government areas (LGAs) of the Ovens Murray and Goulburn region were invited to participate.
This project is funded by a NHMRC Partnership Project grant for 5 years (2018–2023) and involves cross-discipline collaboration across health and education.
Our aims include:
- collecting representative data on the prevalence of healthy weight, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, diet quality, sleep sufficiency and health-related quality of life among primary school children and their school environments
- providing high participatory and measured health outcome data to local councils, health services, the Victorian Department of Health and the Victorian Department of Education and Training on the prevalence of risk behaviours among primary school children across the region
- evaluating the impact of the RESPOND community-based systems intervention on children’s health and wellbeing.
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Nanosensors are any biological, chemical, or sugery sensory points used to convey information about nanoparticles to the macroscopic world. Though humans have not yet been able to synthesize nanosensors, predictions for their use mainly include various medicinal purposes and as gateways to building other nanoproducts, such as computer chips that work at the nanoscale and nanorobots. Presently, there are several ways proposed to make nanosensors, including top-down lithography, bottom-up assembly, and molecular self-assembly.
Additional recommended knowledge
Medicinal uses of nanosensors mainly revolve around the potential of nanosensors to accurately identify particular cells or places in the body in need. By measuring changes in volume, concentration, displacement and velocity, gravitational, electrical, and magnetic forces, pressure, or temperature of cells in a body, nanosensors may be able to distinguish between and recognize certain cells, most notably those of cancer, at the molecular level in order to deliver medicine or monitor development to specific places in the body. In addition, they may be able to detect macroscopic variations from outside the body and communicate these changes to other nanoproducts working within the body.
One example of nanosensors involves using the fluorescence properties of cadmium selenide quantum dots as sensors to uncover tumors within the body. By injecting a body with these quantum dots, a doctor could see where a tumor or cancer cell was by finding the injected quantum dots, an easy process because of their fluorescence. Developed nanosensor quantum dots would be specifically constructed to find only the particular cell for which the body was at risk. A downside to the cadmium selenide dots, however, is that they are highly toxic to the body. As a result, researchers are working on developing alternate dots made out of a different, less toxic material while still retaining some of the fluorescence properties. In particular, they have been investigating the particular benefits of zinc sulfide quantum dots which, though they are not quite as fluorescent as cadmium selenide, can be augmented with other metals including manganese and various lanthanide elements. In addition, these newer quantum dots become more fluorescent when they bond to their target cells. (Quantum) Potential predicted functions may also include sensors used to detect specific DNA in order to recognize explicit genetic defects, especially for individuals at high-risk and implanted sensors that can automatically detect glucose levels for diabetic subjects more simply than current detectors. DNA can also serve as sacrificial layer for manufacturing CMOS IC, integrating a nanodevice with sensing capabilities. Therefore, using proteomic patterns and new hybrid materials, nanobiosensors can also be used to enable components configured into a hybrid semiconductor substrate as part of the circuit assembly. The development and miniaturization of nanobiosensors should provide interesting new opportunities.
Other projected products most commonly involve using nanosensors to build smaller integrated circuits, as well as incorporating them into various other commodities made using other forms of nanotechnology for use in a variety of situations including transportation, communication, improvements in structural integrity, and robotics . Nanosensors may also eventually be valuable as more accurate monitors of material states for use in systems where size and weight are constrained, such as in satellites and other aeronautic machines.
Currently, the most common mass-produced functioning nanosensors exist in the biological world as natural receptors of outside stimulation. For instance, sense of smell, especially in animals in which it is particularly strong, such as dogs, functions using receptors that sense nanosized molecules. Certain plants, too, use nanosensors to detect sunlight; various fish use nanosensors to detect minuscule vibrations in the surrounding water; and many insects detect sex pheromones using nanosensors .
Certain electromagnetic sensors have also been in use in photoelectric systems. These work because the specific sensors called, aptly, photosensors are easily influenced by light of various wavelengths. The electromagnetic source transfers energy to the photosensors and energizes them into an excited state which causes them to release an electron into a semiconductor. At that point, it is relatively easy to detect the electricity coming from the sensors, and thus easy to know if the sensors are receiving light. Though more advanced uses of photosensors incorporating other forms of nanotechnology have yet to be implemented into consumer society, most film cameras have used photosensors at the nano size for years. Traditional film uses a layer of silver ions that become excited by solar energy and clump into groups, as small as four atoms apiece in some cases, that scatter light and appear dark on the frame. Various other types of film can be made using a similar process to detect other specific wavelengths of light, including x-rays, infrared, and ultraviolet .
One of the first working examples of a synthetic nanosensor was built by researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology in 1999. It involved attaching a single particle onto the end of a carbon nanotube and measuring the vibrational frequency of the nanotube both with and without the particle. The discrepancy between the two frequencies allowed the researchers to measure the mass of the attached particle .
Chemical sensors, too, have been built using nanotubes to detect various properties of gaseous molecules. Carbon nanotubes have been used to sense ionization of gaseous molecules while nanotubes made out of titanium have been employed to detect atmospheric concentrations of hydrogen at the molecular level. Many of these involve a system by which nanosensors are built to have a specific pocket for another molecule. When that particular molecule, and only that specific molecule, fits into the nanosensor, and light is shone upon the nanosensor, it will reflect different wavelengths of light and, thus, be a different color .
There are currently several hypothesized ways to produce nanosensors. Top-down lithography is the manner in which most integrated circuits are now made. It involves starting out with a larger block of some material and carving out the desired form. These carved out devices, notably put to use in specific microelectromechanical systems used as microsensors, generally only reach the micro size, but the most recent of these have begun to incorporate nanosized components .
Another way to produce nanosensors is through the bottom-up method, which involves assembling the sensors out of even more minuscule components, most likely individual atoms or molecules. This would involve moving atoms of a particular substance one by one into particular positions which, though it has been achieved in laboratory tests using tools such as atomic force microscopes, is still a significant difficulty, especially to do en masse, both for logistic reasons as well as economic ones. Most likely, this process would be used mainly for building starter molecules for self-assembling sensors.
The third way, which promises far faster results, involves self-assembly, or “growing” particular nanostructures to be used as sensors. This most often entails one of two types of assembly. The first involves using a piece of some previously created or naturally formed nanostructure and immersing it in free atoms of its own kind. After a given period, the structure, having an irregular surface that would make it prone to attracting more molecules as a continuation of its current pattern, would capture some of the free atoms and continue to form more of itself to make larger components of nanosensors.
The second type of self-assembly starts with an already complete set of components that would automatically assemble themselves into a finished product. Though this has been so far successful only in assembling computer chips at the micro size, researchers hope to eventually be able to do it at the nanometer size for multiple products, including nanosensors. Accurately being able to reproduce this effect for a desired sensor in a laboratory would imply that scientists could manufacture nanosensors much more quickly and potentially far more cheaply by letting numerous molecules assemble themselves with little or no outside influence, rather than having to manually assemble each sensor.
Though nanosensor technology is a relatively new field, global projections for sales of products incorporating nanosensors range from $0.6 billion to $2.7 billion in the next three to four years. They will likely be included in most modern circuitry used in advanced computing systems, since their potential to provide the link between other forms of nanotechnology and the macroscopic world allows developers to fully exploit the potential of nanotechnology to miniaturize computer chips while vastly expanding their storage potential.
First, however, nanosensor developers must overcome the present high costs of production in order to become worthwhile for implementation in consumer products. Additionally, nanosensor reliability is not yet suitable for widespread use, and, because of their scarcity, nanosensors have yet to be marketed and implemented outside of research facilities . Consequently, nanosensors have yet to be made compatible with most consumer technologies for which they have been projected to eventually enhance.
|This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Nanosensor". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.|
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Fish Fertilize Trees
By Maya C. Lemaire
By Alison Chang
2019 Novel Coronavirus
The facts and how you can protect yourself from it
In December 2019, there was a sudden abundance of phenomena cases originating in Wuhan, China. Further investigations discovered that it was caused by a novel virus now named the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (also referred to as coronavirus or COVID-19). Originating in the Chinese city of Wuhan, it has spread and now been deemed a global health emergency by the World Health Organization. As of February 26th, there are 40 confirmed cases of the Novel Coronavirus in Thailand. 8 have recovered and have been discharged while the other 31 are recovering in the hospital (albeit these numbers constantly change so these may be incorrect by the time that you are reading it). But how was it able to spread so far so fast? And how can you protect yourself from it?
What it is
Coronavirus is a group of viruses that cause diseases in mammals and birds. When in humans, it causes respiratory infections, like a common cold, that are typically mild. However, there are rarer forms of Coronavirus like SARS, MERS, and this one, the 2019 Novel Coronavirus that can be lethal. These viruses are called Zoonotic viral disease, meaning that they transfer from an animal to a human. Coronavirus gets its name from the Latin term Corona, which means crown. This refers to the appearance of the virus particles (virions) that have a fringe that resembles a crown. The 2019 Novel Coronavirus has a ~70% genetic similarity to SARS and a 96% similarity to Bat Coronavirus, which is the main suspect for the origin of the virus. The reason why the 2019 Novel Coronavirus is so dangerous is that it is a single strand RNA virus, which means that it can mutate quickly, so antibiotics used now could be useless in the future. Another reason is that the virus has an abnormally long incubation period, around fourteen days. That means after infection it could take fourteen days for the symptoms to begin to show.
How it started
There are many speculations on how the virus was able to transmit to humans, one of the more popular ones being that it comes from the consumption of bat soup. A clip of a young Chinese woman eating bat soup went viral, and many media outlets claimed that it was the origin of the virus. However, after some research, it was quickly debunked. In fact, the clip wasn’t even from China, but from the island nation of Palau in the Pacific Ocean. It was later discovered that the consumption of bats was considered a delicacy there, not in China.
However, the idea that bats are the origin of the virus isn’t that far fetched as it seems. There are a plethora of bat-borne viruses that have infected humans, including SARS and the Ebola virus. Another possible candidate is snakes, which are in fact a delicacy in China. Researchers analyzed the protein codes favored by the 2019 Novel Coronavirus, and they found that the protein codes in the virus are most similar to the ones found in snakes. Snakes are one of bats main predators in the wild, so there is some speculation that the virus transferred hosts, from bat to snake and now, humans. However, how the virus was able to transfer from a cold-blooded animal to a warm-blooded animal still remains a mystery. As of now, researchers are still trying to identify the main culprit for the origin of the virus.
How to keep yourself safe
When dealing in situations such as this, the best thing to do is use your common sense. Most of the people who have died from the 2019 Novel Coronavirus are either senior citizens or people with medical conditions. Most people at Bangkok Patana do not fit this profile, so most students should not be concerned about the risk of dying. However, many people have greatly overreacted to the situation, hoarding masks and resources. This has led to Thailand banning the export of medical masks and supermarkets in many countries being stripped bare.
Here's a tip on how to assess if you need to wear a mask or any other protection. Ask yourself these questions:
Are you in close proximity to an infected person?
Are you in an area with many confirmed cases?
Are you sick yourself?
If the answer is no all three then you probably don’t need a mask. But why don’t you need a mask in these situations? As of now, there is very little evidence to support that masks decrease the chances of infection. In fact, it might actually increase the chances of being infected, it would allow viruses to be transferred among it and if it becomes moist it would encourage the growth of bacteria and other organisms. Hoarding also prevents the people that need masks from getting them. Here are some things that you can do that are more effective than using a mask:
Wash your hands frequently (Before meals, after exiting the restroom, etc.) and thoroughly
Stay home if you’re sick
Avoid going to areas or countries that have a high contamination risk
Don’t panic. If you are healthy and are in an age range where none have died from the virus there is very little to fear.
Avoid going out in public areas if you are sick.
Trust reliable news sources. You probably shouldn't be relying on information from sources that has had a history of spreading rumors
Another thing that you should consider is your travel history. If you have visited any countries that are at a high-risk, then you should be staying home for the two weeks self-quarantine. Don’t go outside that much during that time period. There is a risk that you could be a super spreader and that could escalate the situation. If you are feeling unwell during that quarantine time period then go see your doctor immediately. If they ask you about your travel history do not lie.
Things like this can be frightening. It’s understandable why people would panic, but currently it seems pretty overblown compared to the actual situation. The outbreak has led to some people making racist statements, particularly about Chinese people. As students of an international school, we should know better than most that racism has no place in current society. We should be discouraging xenophobic behavior, both online and offline. The best thing to do now is to stay clean and calm. Many people have already been cured, and if you remain level-headed and practice good hygiene, then the odds will be in your favor.
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Animation started, in a way, with the invention of Faraday’s Wheel in the 19th Century: from this came the zoetrope (1834) – the spinning wheel with slots, through which one looks to see a galloping horse or a man on a trapeze. Whilst still, the wheel shows only single images, yet when in motion the pictures pasted inside the wheel flow into one moving scene. This concept was taken (to great effect) to the camera upon its invention – Muybridge was the first, setting up a line of cameras each with their individual tripwires. Upon walking across his tripwires, each camera would photograph that split-second of his walk – when these pictures are all placed in series, a walking scene has been created or a person’s walk minutely examined. This concept was played with in true artistic fashion by George Méliès, the creator of various silent films featured in Hugo in 1890 – by fiddling with the sequence, Méliès could make a character disappear and re-appear ten steps away, creating the illusion of magic and demonstrating a primitive form of animation. As such, animation is as focused on timing as it is on drawing.
However, it was McCay, from across the pond, who introduced the portrayal of emotion through animation: the task of the animator is to portray characteristics in a purely visual sense, and McCay’s Gertie the Trained Dinosaur was one of the first to achieve this characterisation showing a drawing that seemed to be thinking as well as moving. The animator, drawing in 2D, must think in 3D – it is here Wilson introduces the concept of the hyper-cube. When we think of 2D, we think of the square; 3D the cube, and 4D is the melding of two cubes into one amalgamation and another dimension. In a way, the animator must switch between different dimensions, and the example given was one of punching: though the animator draws the effect in 2D, the punch is thought of in circles or arcs due to the punch’s path of motion.
It is with these foundations laid down that we come to Walt Disney who introduced believability and genuine emotion into animation with feature films. Budget was a big deal for Disney, as shown by their first production of Alice, which was a mix of live-action (cheaper) and animation (more expensive). In today’s film, there are 24 frames per second, and to reduce the cost and time of animation Disney decided to reduce the drawings to 12 per second. The iconic character of Mickey Mouse was introduced first in Plane Crazy, a silent movie. It is here Wilson claims that the design of Mickey was taken from Ub Iwerks not Disney. Continuing on to the famous Steamboat Willie, Disney tied a musical soundtrack directly the animation – the same formula for Fantasia. With the intersection of music and motion one can look at tap dancing. Fred Astaire was notorious for dancing off-beat, only to occasionally switch onto the beat to great effect. Disney tended to do the visual image on the beat (less exciting, and called “mickey mousing”), using music as both characterisation and aesthetic. There is also the fact that every action in Disney has a corresponding sound: the pulling of Clarabelle the Cow’s tail resulted in a musical ‘moo’. Today, lip-syncing in Disney is often relaxed, as the animators keep the lines of the lips and face vague – both the economise and allow easier dubbing into other languages.
There is, of course, the question of Mickey’s gloves – they held a practical reason (during black and white films, if an object was black Mickey’s hand would disappear upon holding it) but they also link to Mickey’s function as a public figure. It is with this that one could claim Mickey a problematic figure – his gloves and mannerisms mimic the characteristics of the minstrels, last seen in the 70s BBC; minstrels would wear white gloves and often tap dance and sing for entertainment. It was a staple of American Vaudeville entertainment. This characteristic is the only one that Disney cannot sanitise today, as the white gloves are iconic to the character. In other areas, however, there is (and always has been) ongoing sanitisation – potentially offensive sections of Fantasia, for instance, have been quietly redrawn to remove the offending sections, though not the crows in Dumbo. Films like Song of the south have all but disappeared from the Disney canon. As a business, family entertainment is the goal of Disney- and this explains both the sanitisation and the fact that the character of Mickey has changed from the troublemaker in Steamboat Willie to the wholesome soul in modern day films. This was the goal as it (along with another factor) would guarantee Disney success and money. The first way was shown by Snow White: it was the first film to release a soundtrack and related merchandise. The second method is one of morality: most animation that Disney creates holds a didactic function – the films tell stories that reward good behaviour and punish the bad, though Disney claimed he was not in the business of “preaching a message”. There are 5 Disney virtues: the first is kindness (such as Cinderella’s kindness to the animals), the second is perseverance (the prince in Cinderella, for example). The third is faith, with its obvious connotations of religion – the only overtly religious piece of Disney, (overlooking Christian imagery at the end of Fantasia) is Hunchback of Notre Dame but this pushes kindness combined with faith, and if Disney is interested in Belief, it is belief itself- and not a belief in a specific person or thing. Belief in self is allied to belief in a higher power. The final one is family: Aristocats and 101 Dalmatians, for instance, display the ethos that the meaning of family can still be extended, and is not just about blood relatives. There is, moreover, a heavy Protestant work ethic that is present in Disney films, and the most recent Frozen emphasises the dimension of not trusting appearances, first glimpsed in Gaston in Beauty and the Beast but maybe hinted at in the magical witches of both Mary Poppins and Bedknobs and Broomsticks who promote family values and patch together relationships that have gone wrong.
The gospel according to walt.
So just to kick off, is there a reference to adam and eve in the fact that snow white eats a poisoned apple?
Is there a reference to Christ in the initials of Jiminy Cricket?
Jonah and the whale. (Pinocchio)
The Disney gospel is part of most chidren’s earliest teachings.
Young impressionable minds
The amount of time children spend in church or synagogues of temples is dwarfed by the amount of time children spend in front of Disney films.
“One of the most significant shaping forces in the 20th Century.”
“A sacred destination of the first trip to the movies.”
Calvinist paradigm of hard work- rewarded with upward solical mobility/ walt’s rise to prosperity
Disney boycotted by the Washington DC Traditional values Coalition in 1990s (“they’re not fair to the Christian message of life death and eternal life” Revd Clark Whitten of the Calvary Assembly church in Orlando. “they have a gospel- it’s to make money”)
Humanism: when Disneyland opened in Anaheim in 1954 Time magazine called Disney “the poet of the new American Humanism” and says the common symbol of humanity in the struggle against the forces of evil is Mickey Mouse”
It’s not what you believe that is important, but the fact of believing itself is important.
Disney is the perfect example of the protestant work ethic divorced from religious moorings.
Disney choice of magic over religion
VALUES: Good triumphs over evil a consistent set of moral values throughout the movies. Disney personal values and commercial goals
Optimism as a creed (pinoccho)
Miracles (Pinocchio as Jesus: the puppet comes to life and resurrected as boy,)
WALT: didn’t want to single out any single religion . But always designed as a “message” He tells reporter: “we like to have a point of view in our stories not an obvious moral but a worthwhile theme” in 1962: Children are people and they should have to reach to learn about things, to understand things just as adults have to reach if they are to grow in mental statue. Life is composed of lights and shadows and we have to be untruthful, insincere aand saccharine if we are to pretenbd there were no shadows. Most things are good and they are the strongest things; but there are evil things too and you are not doing a child a favour by trying to shield him from reality. The important thing is to teach a child that good can always triumph over evil and that is what our pictures attempt to do.”
Sam Goldwyn: Pictures are for entertainment- messages should be sent by western union.
FAITH: Faith in something greater than self? Combined with faith in self
Magic allows you to see a better life and apply the vision to real life.
An agent of transformation. The ordinary becomes extraordinary
The little mermaid: challenge of intermarriage
The lion king:the hindu circle of life
MECCA: Disneyland: a place of pilgrimage (parents reconnecting with their childhood) a cartoon fantasy mecca?
RACISM: Racist representation esp in DUMBO and fantasia (censored in Fantasia but not in Dumbo) song of the south and the three caballeros
DEUS EX MACHINA: No obvious judeo-christian iconography but Greek magic: universal device from ancient greece
Censorship: note the general anxiety about racism: song of the south, dumbo fantasia- cleaning up of Aladdin’s anti-muslim jokes and the toning down of homophobia (see the beginning of Der Fuhrer’s face) to the extent that the remake of Beauty and the beast contains a genuine gay subplot.
The akedah: snow white dispatched to be killed in the forest. Sacrifice of Isaac by Abraham
The huntsman returns with the heart of a boar. (Abraham sacrifices a ram)
Whistle while you work: the work ethic during the great depression
The dwarfs are also hard workees, singing while the work.\snow white- just like an angel. See Rhapsody in Blue in Fantasia 2000
Cleanliness- next to godliness?
There was a sequence where Snow white teaches the dwarves how to pray- abandoned. But snow white prays- she asks for blessings on the seven little men who have been so kind to me and please make grumpy like me” next day when grumpy gets a kiss, she says” why grumpy you DO care”
Escapist and androcentric.
PINOCCHIO- fate not god steps in when things get bad: the blue fairy
As reward to Gepetto for bringing happiness to others
But the outcome will be entirely up to you. (Good works)
Jiminy cricket became an alternative exclamation to Jesus Christ in the US.
He is the still small voice.
The blue fairy as the Virgin mary?
Her appearance in the film is like the appearance of Mary at Fatima and La Salette BLUE and WHITE!
It’ll take a mira le to get out of here (says Jiminy in Stromboli’s caravan, then the blue fairy arrives. (A lie keeps growing until it’s as plain as the nose on your face”
Jiminy Cricket defines temptation as The wrong things that seem right at the time.
They like him he’s a success. Gosh. Maybe I was wrong. I guess he won’t need me anymore. What does an actor need with a conscience?”
“Give a bad boy enough rope and hell soon make a jackass of himself.”
The essence of the Disney religion is not theology but morality: prove yourself brave truthful and unselfish and someday you will be a real boy. Resurrection. Awake Pinocchio awake!
NB: difference between snow white and Pinocchio is that Pinocchio is active in his salvation and snow white is entirely passive.
FANTASIA: Dancing toadstools- racist presentation of chinese figures probably intended to be amiable not malevolent. It is still a brilliant piece of animation
The sorcerer’s apprentice: work-shy mickey gets his comeuppance. (work ethic)
The image has been taken by Disney and turned mickey into a high priest of magic in the Disney kingdom. (Disney’s mecca)
Ave maria; the most explicit reference to religion until hunchback of notre dame
The text is an odd interperattion of the latin: the prince of peace your arms embrace while hosts ofdarkness fade and cover, Oh save us mother full of grace in life, and in our dying hour ave maria.
DUMBO: Mother love
Note the workers putting up te circus sing while they work: they “slave until we’re almost dead”
In the parade, dumbo slips and a boy laughs at him. The boy ALSO has improbably big ears.
BAMBI: man in the forest song at the beginning: “love is a song that never ends”
Carefree childhood and dependence on mother is finished with the greatest tear-jerker in the history of cinema:
Your mother cannot be with you anymore. Earlier they had been told of “Man in the forest”now it seems there is a man shooting out of season. Two shots and the second one is fatal.
It is man.. he is here again. There man be many this time. We must go deep into the forest. Hurry. Follow me”
An unspoilt eden is destroyed by man.
Cinderella: if you keep on believing, the dream you wish for will come true.
Cinderella has friends- birds mice etc.. her kindness in helping small rodents explains why the animals are so keen to help her wit housework
Elsa in FROZEN, BEDKNOBS and POPPINS- all autonomous witches, (perhaps it’s a witch. Don’t be sily witches have brooms) and spinsters. establishing world order rather than destroying it. Actually both Poppins and Eglantine are outsiders reestablish family values. And the sisters in Frozen are estranged …
A magical nanny and a reluctant nanny
(above: Milt Kahl images from Mary Poppins)
Religious iconography in Mary poppins;
1) mary poppins is Mary the mother of jesus, practically perfect. The immaculate conception. Above all other women etc.
2) 2) a spoonful of sugar: the Franciscan nod: Mary talks to the birds (feed the birds song with encircling chorus of doves)
3) 3) George banks gives tuppence to the bank chairman- render unto Caesar what is Caesar’s- capitalist banker to family man/ charity… the widow’s mite
4) Alternative view: a scurrilous interpretation
nanny shows up and changes a married man’s life but has to leave because she is pregnant. And no, she doesn’t change “the family” since the wife and kids are still the mindless dimwits at the end of the movie that they were in the beginning. And how do we know that Mary is pregnant? Because of the way she hold hers hands folded over her stomach [at the top of the staircase] when Mr. Banks finally emerges from the basement with the mended kite. So, while most of us think that Mary is misty eyed over Jane & Michael as she stands on the doorstep, the truth is: she is affected by having to say goodbye to Mr. Banks.
Other religious imagery in Disney:
Fantasia ending (ave maria triumphs over Chernabog. But it is nature that is triumphant as also in the end of Fantasia 2000)
Bambi and the Lion King– the role of the father figure, in the Lion king is actually a voice from the dead.
Self sacrifice as a form of redemption: – Baloo, the great dane in lady and the tramp, King Triton in The little mermaid, the beast in Beauty and the beast, and Pinocchio
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Asbestos exposure is often talked about in the news as an increasing number of people are being diagnosed with mesothelioma or other asbestos-related illnesses. But what exactly is asbestos exposure, and how can we prevent it from becoming an issue in our work environment?
Below, this asbestos removal contractor in Schaumburg, Illinois is going to look at the primary and secondary sources of exposure to asbestos in the workplace, as well as ways that you can protect yourself against this dangerous threat to your health and safety.
Understanding Primary and Secondary Asbestos Exposure
Asbestos is a naturally occurring mineral that was widely used for its high resistance to heat, fire, electricity, chemicals, and water. The most common use of asbestos was in construction materials such as insulation for pipes or electrical wiring, ceiling tiles, and roofing. Asbestos was considered an inexpensive material that could be used for any number of applications because it could resist almost any type of damage.
However, it was not long before the health risks associated with the mineral were exposed, and the product was banned. Now, more than 30 years later, asbestos can still be found in older buildings that have not yet been treated by an asbestos removal contractor in Schaumburg, Illinois.
Asbestos exposure can happen to anyone who encounters asbestos-containing materials. However, it is possible to contract an asbestos-related disease when exposed to significant amounts of airborne fibers, which may occur during demolition or renovation projects. These exposure levels are referred to as primary exposure because they come from directly handling or working near products that contain asbestos. Secondary exposure occurs when people encounter surfaces contaminated by asbestos products.
How to Tell If You Were Exposed to Asbestos
Many people who were exposed to asbestos may not even know it. One way you can tell if you have been exposed is by looking for signs of lung disease, such as a chronic cough, shortness of breath, or wheezing. The best way to find out is by getting tested. If you are concerned about possible exposure to asbestos, you can always have your property inspected by an asbestos removal contractor in Schaumburg, Illinois.
Ways to Protect Yourself
- Wear gloves and a mask when removing asbestos-containing products.
- Reduce dust by using wet methods of removal or by using water spray while cutting, brushing, or sanding.
- Do not eat, drink, smoke, or chew gum while working with asbestos materials.
- Vacuum the work area regularly.
- Remove your clothes as soon as you finish work and either launder them at home or take them to a dry cleaner for special treatment.
- Take showers after work and use soap to remove any traces of asbestos fibers from the skin.
- Have medical examinations every six months to check for signs of mesothelioma and other cancers linked to asbestos exposure.
- Hire an asbestos removal contractor in Schaumburg, Illinois for a permanent solution to the problem.
If you are worried about asbestos exposure in your workplace, it is important to understand how it can occur. Just because there is no visible asbestos does not mean it has not been released into the air. If you work with or around materials that could be contaminated, you could be at risk for secondary exposure. To limit your chances of asbestos exposure, you should hire a professional asbestos removal contractor in Schaumburg, Illinois when having it removed.
Looking for an Asbestos Removal Contractor in Schaumburg, Illinois?
Are you ready to have asbestos removed from your office or commercial property? If so, and if you’re looking for the best asbestos removal contractor in Schaumburg, Illinois, look no further than the professionals at Axis Response Group. Contact us today at (773) 427-6811 to schedule a free consultation.
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US Obesity Epidemic Coincides with Advice to Eat Grains
30 years ago the USDA blessed us with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
This heap of rubbish got Americans to eat a grain-based, low fat diet.
- Obesity has more than doubled
- The number of people with type-2 diabetes has tripled.
During that same time childhood obesity has tripled. 1 in 3 children born today are expected to have type-2 diabetes at some time in their life.
Many believe that kids are obese today because they don’t run around at recess and walk to school anymore.
There were other trends too. Meals were home cooked and included vegetables while fast food meals were rare. Today kids spend an average of 7.5 hours each day using some form of media including tv, computers, cell phones, video games and movies.
Let’s graph this out to compare the obesity rate beginning with the implementation of the 1980 USDA Guidelines:
Maybe they were wrong….maybe we don’t do well eating 6-11 servings of bread and grains.
Various government campaigns like Let’s Move recommended that we eat 5 servings of fruit and vegetables and they say that “canned counts.”
Without qualifying that statement we might pick up a can of peaches in heavy syrup.
Eat a can of peaches and you will have 25 tsp of sugar coursing through your bloodstream in no time
(100grams of carbs converts to about 1/2 cup of sugar)!
It is always better to eat fresh or frozen. Eat a real peach and enjoy all of the nutrients plus, instead of 1/2 cup of sugar, you will only have about 2 tsp.
Gov recommends that kids should drink 100% juice – but they don’t realize that 12 ounces of grape juice has 15 tsp of sugar, even more than a can of Coke that has 10 tsp of sugar.
Let’s Move! recommended drinking non-fat pasteurized milk and using industrially processed vegetable oil instead of butter.
The fact is we need real fat.
- We need saturated fat like organic butter to build cells, hormones and our brain.
- Eating fat does NOT turn into body fat.
- The mechanism to store body fat involves insulin.
- Insulin is the key that opens to door for fat storage in our cells.
What causes the release of insulin?
Eating grains, 100% fruit juice and canned peaches.
Are you depriving your body of healthy fats like those found in nuts, avocado, meat, fish, organic butter, extra virgin olive oil and unrefined coconut oil?
Here are signs and symptoms of being deficient in healthy fat (Diana Schwarzbein, MD):
- Brittle nails
- Craving carbs
- Dry, limp, thinning hair
- Mood disorders
- Scaly, itchy skin
- Loss of lean body mass with a gain of belly fat
Eat 3 meals a day and make sure that each meal has animal protein, healthy fat and lots of vegetables. You’ll live quite well if you never eat bread again, or most grains for that matter. And, yes, let’s move, too!
Join our community Whole Healthy Journey. This Facebook community will help you as you choose to make changes around diet, movement, water, sleep, stress, getting the toxins out of your products. Are you ready to see how good you can feel when you get the grains out and stop following the USDA Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
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It's an expression we've heard many times before: Open mouth, insert foot. Unfortunately for some people, every time they open their mouth, it smells like a stinky foot has been there (with sock removed), even when it hasn’t. This is what’s known as bad breath—the clinical term is halitosis, and it’s been estimated that 25 to 30 percent of people have it.
Much of the time, bad breath is temporary, the result of eating a meal consisting of a spicy food carrying a particularly strong odor. It could be a spiced-up pizza laced with garlic and/or onions, or perhaps even just drinking a can of hot, spicy tomato juice that when breathed back out can make eyes water 10 feet away.
For someone with persistent bad breath, i.e. halitosis, one of the most common causes is sloppy dental hygiene, characterized by poor or—pinch your nose—nonexistent brushing, flossing and rinsing habits. If you don’t brush and floss teeth daily (dentists recommend at least twice a day), food particles can get lodged in your mouth, such as between teeth, around the gums and on the tongue. Those particles can collectively act as an incubator for bacteria, which in turn can lead to bad breath of the lingering sort. Scented mouthwash or breath mints only mask the condition, not eradicate it.
Antibacterial mouth rinses can help reduce bacteria, but on their own they are not a true problem solver, especially when dealing with gum disease or tooth decay. Keep in mind, too, that eating a spicy, pungent food, chewing it and then swallowing it doesn’t make the bad breath disappear. It will come back around. According to mayoclinic.org, “After you digest these foods, they enter your bloodstream, are carried to your lungs and affect your breath.”
Other possible dental-related causes of bad breath, according to webmd.com, include cavities, poorly-fitted dental appliances such as dentures or braces, and yeast infections. There’s also a medical condition known as xerostomia (dry mouth), that can lead to stinky breath. Saliva isn’t there just so we can drool; it moistens the mouth such that plaque-producing acids can be neutralized and dead cells accumulating inside the mouth can be washed away.
Some Quick Suggestions for Dealing With Bad Breath
If you have bad breath and want to get rid of it, or if you don’t have it but want to guard against it, here are some practical suggestions:
- Practice good dental hygiene—brushing, flossing and rinsing—and stick to it every day. This includes brushing your tongue, as well as your teeth and gums. In fact, everydayhealth.com recommends scraping your tongue with a tongue scraper or spoon. Hold the tip of your tongue with gauze so you can get to the back of your tongue for cleaning.
- Replace your toothbrush every few months, even if the bristles are holding up well and the brush looks clean. Remember, this is about bacteria, those microscopic things you can’t see with the naked eye.
- Chewing on cloves, or any of these other 11 foods and drinks that can help kill halitosis-causing bacteria or at least neutralize mouth odors. Eating fruits such as oranges or lemons can boost the production of that health-protecting saliva we talked about as well as give your breath a nice shot of freshness.
- Do you smoke, chew tobacco or drink alcohol? OK, we’re not here to self-righteously tell you to stop doing those things, but be forewarned: all those activities can contribute to bad breath in a big-time way. Hey, it’s your breath, sure, but your breath can encroach on someone else’s olfactory senses. Be considerate.
- Drink lots of water. This isn’t good only if you want to lose weight—it helps keep your mouth moist. So does sugarless gum and sugarless mints.
- If you suspect you have halitosis, go see your dentist to be examined and answer his or her questions so they can help identify the root cause: it could end up being a more serious health issue such as a respiratory tract infection, diabetes, kidney or liver problems, or chronic acid reflux.
One more thing: a number of prescription medicines are known for causing bad breath as a side effect—bring a list of those as well. Finally, before you go, put together a log that tracks what you’ve eaten for the last couple weeks: that might help in your bad breath diagnosis.
If you ignore these tips and decide you’re just going to live with bad breath, well, at least don’t complain about it. Someone might tell you to put a sock in it.
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This week we’re publishing a field guide on the future of coal in India. So briefly, the newsletter will revert back to its original form: giving you a deeper perspective on an issue of global importance that I’ve spent the past few months working on.
Earlier this year, I helped my parents get rooftop solar for our home in India. The total cost of the system was about $5,000 for a 5 kW system, which included solar panels and an inverter, the structure on the roof that held the panels facing southwards, and the fees for a developer to bring all the pieces together.
The reason to get the system wasn’t simply because my parents (and their kids) are climate conscious. It made economic sense. Maharashtra state, where our home is located, offers a net-metering scheme, which means any excess solar-power generation in the day offsets electricity use after sunset. The investment could be recouped in less than 10 years—for a system that should last 20 years or more.
The case for solar power is even stronger for those in the commercial sector, where the the cost of electricity is often double that charged to residential customers. On my annual trips back home, I’ve been witness to the rapid proliferation of rooftop solar in my hometown of nearly 2 million.
That, however, doesn’t mean it’s been straightforward. My dad and I began talking to developers in mid-January. The solar panels were secured and installed by the end of March. Then we had to wait for two months, even as the panels baked under the peak summer sun, to acquire the necessary permissions from the state-owned utility. The system went live in June.
The delay in the getting the system running wasn’t simply about ineffective bureaucracy. State-owned utilities end up losing significant revenue from paying customers when they get rooftop solar. As I explained yesterday, these utilities are deep in the red and try to delay the permitting process as much as they can.
Earlier this month, the electricity meter the utility installed broke down. The company hasn’t been able to send somebody to fix the meter for more than two weeks now. That meant, even as the sun has returned after the monsoon rains, my parents’ rooftop solar system is not allowed to generate electricity.
Unlike the rest of the anglophilic world—Canada, the US, Australia, and the UK—India has never encountered a significant culture of climate-change denial. But the awareness of climate change in India hasn’t been high either. So the rise of renewables in India, including solar, has other motivations: from energy security to soft power, says Tim Buckley who heads the Australasia bureau of the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis think tank. (Read more in our field guide’s Q&A published today.)
All that tremendous growth in solar power and wind power has come in the face of India’s bumbling bureaucracy. Even as the national government has created friendly policies for renewables, state governments have made it harder to execute on them. The energy transition isn’t going to be smooth or easy.
Field guides, like the one we’re publishing this week on India’s coal addiction, are a key part of Quartz’s membership. You can use promo code AKSHAT8487 at checkout to secure a 50% discount. Thank you for your support!
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Saint Marcus of Africa – Saint of the Day – January 5
St. Marcus of Africa Biography
St. Marcus of Africa
Mark and Marcellian (Latin: Marcus et Marcellianus) are martyrs venerated as saints by the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.
Deacon in Alexandria, Kemet (Africa), who agreed to the deposition at Alexandria in 321 A.D., in a synod of more than 100 African Kemetian (Egyptian), and Libyan bishops of Heretic priest Arius and henchmen.
Orsisius (in Greek Arsisios, local name Oresiesis-Heru-sa Ast) was an Egyptian monk and author of the fourth century. His memorial is June 15.
Orsisius was a disciple of Pachomius on the Island Tabenna in the Nile. When Pacomius died (348), Orsisius was chosen as his successor; but he resigned in favour of Theodore. It was not till Theodore’s death (c. 380) that Orsisius, advised by St. Athanasius, accepted the abbatial office of hegumen.
Theodore and Orsisius are said to have helped Pachomius in the composition of his rule; Gennadius mentions another work:
Oresiesis the monk, a colleague of Pachomius and Theodore, perfectly learned in the Scriptures, composed a Divinely savoured book containing instruction for all monastic discipline, in which nearly the whole Old and New Testaments are explained in short dissertations in as far as they affect monks; and shortly before his death he gave this book to his brethren as his testament.
This is supposed to be the work “Doctrina de institutione monachorum” translated by St. Jerome into Latin. Migne prints after it another work attributed to the same author: “De sex cogitationibus sanctorium”, which, however, is probably by a later Oresius.
Public Domain Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). “Orsisius”. Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
Cave, Scriptorum eccl. historia literaria, I (Basle, 1741) 209: Ceillier, Histoire generale des auteurs sacres, IV (Paris, 1860), 235 sq.
[…] Saint Marevs/🔗Link […]
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Millions of children left behind at every developmental milestone (October 2016)
This report offers a snapshot of early childhood development in Africa. This snapshot of equity shows how much more there is to do to ensure every child has the best start in life.
Theirworld Scorecard Millions Of Children Left Behind At Every Developmental Milestones October 2016
We tracked progress on several aspects of ECD, with a focus on nutrition. In particular, we’ve looked at equity gaps between the richest and poorest across focus areas — stunting, enrollment in pre- primary education, and basic vaccination rates (as a proxy for access to the health care system for children).
The data tells a very clear story: millions of children are
being left behind at every developmental milestone,
and those left behind are disproportionately poor.
Gaps in access to what children need to grow up
healthy and resilient continue to widen as children age,
compounding the missed opportunities and barriers
they must overcome.
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During the recent G-20 meeting in Germany, Chancellor Angela Merkel floated the idea that African countries should be given weapons as part of development aid so that they could be more effective in combating militant groups.
This was a bold departure from the traditional emphasis on economic aid as the bedrock of development efforts in African countries. To many, and for most African states, Merkel’s statement sounded like a contradiction in terms because spending on arms can divert funds from vital areas such as food security, healthcare, and education.
Over the past 20 years Africa has been transitioning to a focus on security. Until the late 1990s the emphasis in many regions was on economic integration. This was clear from the consolidation of a number of regional communities like the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).
But since the turn of the century, there has been a much bigger focus on security and fighting radical jihadist groups typically affiliated to al-Qaeda and the so-called Islamic State. As of May 2015, there were nine United Nations peacekeeping missions in Africa. The big shift towards security started in 2002 when the US Africa Command (AFRICOM) was formed. This was followed by a security partnership being agreed between the African Union and EU. Then there are sub-regional security forces like the ECOWAS Monitoring Group and the Sahel G5 states’ counterterrorism force.
As a result of the growing threat from terror groups, a number of countries, with the help of major powers, have boosted their military capabilities. These include Mali, Nigeria, and Cote d’Ivoire to name a few.
Merkel’s statement was made in the context of many African countries experiencing economic growth while, at the same time, battling militant and terrorist groups.
The view seems to be that by helping Africa contain instability, growth rates will be enhanced, and Europe relieved of mass migrations.
Increased Military Capabilities
Increased securitization—the emphasis on a militarily strong state at the expense of basic human needs and a strong civil society—started after the 1998 al-Qaeda attacks on the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania. These led to the creation of AFRICOM, which included putting active American troops on the continent. Djibouti serves as a forward base for AFRICOM. It also included a commitment from the US to train and advise African countries that request it. Current key beneficiaries of US military assistance are Djibouti, Ethiopia, Uganda, Chad, Cameroon, and Mauritania.
In addition, French troops have become more active in Africa. In Mali they are helping the government contain jihadist organizations in the north of the country.
There are also regional international efforts, such as the security partnership between the EU, the African Union, and the UN mission established to contain terrorist attacks in the Sahel region. Known as the G5 Sahel force, it includes troop contributions from Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, and Niger.
France and the US are also active in the Sahel region, providing training and equipment to the militaries of Chad, Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, and Mauritania, and engaging in joint exercises with the G5 forces.
Merkel’s proposal is aimed at taking these engagements even further. What’s she’s put on the table is a compact with Africa and the G20 which includes weapons transfer as development aid.
Merkel’s suggestion would mean more weapons on a continent that is already awash with small arms and light weapons. It can’t be denied that Africa as a secure continent would benefit Europe. But weapons as development aid sounds like a contradiction. Do weapon transfers in fact contribute to development?
There are studies that show that the acquisition of weapons by developing countries doesn’t contribute to development.
I believe that more weapons on the continent would have the opposite effect. The African continent already has a great deal of weapons which exacerbate civil strife. Evidence points to the fact that weapons transfers are responsible for conflicts in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan, the Central African Republic, and Somalia, among others.
More weapons and an increased military presence for incumbent African regimes could have negative consequences.
Firstly, it could lead to even more violations of the rule of law as incumbent regimes become militarily stronger.
Secondly, it would improve the changes of regimes surviving longer. They would have the wherewithal to violate human rights even more, as well as suppress opposition voices. And finally, weapons could be diverted to rebel groups through political corruption or for personal selfish objectives.
The G20 compact with Africa is very encouraging, but when it comes to the transfer of more weapons, donors and investors should make sure that this is done under strict rules and regulations. Conditions for receiving aid should also be based on strict adherence to the rule of law, and in particular democratic processes.
In the end the biggest emphasis should be on private investments, as set out in the compact, which will generate millions of jobs for the unemployed.
Earl Conteh-Morgan is Professor of International Studies at the University of South Florida. This article was originally published on The Conversation.
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CC-MAIN-2023-14
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https://theglobalobservatory.org/2017/08/aid-weapons-merkel-ecowas-g-20/
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By Peter Fotis Kapnistos
Space-time is a mathematical coordinate system (3 dimensions of space and 1 of time) in which physical events are located in a single continuum.
According to Einstein’s Theory of Relativity, gravitation is the “curvature” of space-time. In other words, because an object’s mass makes the curve of space-time bend like a basin in its region, its gravitational force is amplified and attracts other nearby masses.
Things are going well up to this point. But imagine for a moment if you could undertake a sudden “reversal” of gravitation. Would you also experience a swift U-turn of space-time? If the force of the Earth’s gravitation is initially low under your feet, but abruptly gets reversed to a point high above your head, what kind of space-time turnaround might you undergo?
The reversal of space-time has far-reaching implications. . .
. . .
The Hollow Earth hypothesis, first put forward in 1692 by the English astronomer Edmund Halley, proposes that the planet Earth is either completely hollow or encloses an extensive interior space. The hollow Earth supposedly contains a small interior sun. There are said to be entrances at the north and south poles. During World War II Hitler sent an expedition to the Baltic Island of Rugen to search for proof of a hollow Earth.
Today, that theory has be extended to suggest that the hollow space that connects the north and south poles is really the throat of a space-time wormhole, and the interior sun is actually a rotating black hole, which is prevented by an event horizon from crunching the Earth. . . Read Complete Report
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In this article we’re going to be discussing and comparing the differences between distilled water and reverse osmosis water.
We understand that each reader will have a different requirement for the water, with some requiring clean drinking water, and others just looking to purify water for washing/cleaning, etc.
So without further ado, let’s get into it!
What’s the difference between distilled and reverse osmosis water?
There are a few key differences between distilled and reverse osmosis water treatment.
Distilled water is made by boiling water and then condensing the steam back into pure water, which leaves behind any impurities.
Reverse osmosis water goes through a process where it’s forced through a semipermeable ro membrane, which removes impurities. This is done through the use of a reverse osmosis system. Because of this, distilled water is often more pure than reverse osmosis water. However, reverse osmosis water typically has a better taste since it retains more minerals.
Reverse Osmosis vs Distilled water, which is best?
Reverse osmosis and distilled water are both great options when it comes to choosing the best water for you. They both have their own benefits that make them stand out from other types of water.
Reverse osmosis water is filtered through a process that removes impurities and contaminants, leaving you with clean, fresh-tasting drinking water. It’s a great option if you’re concerned about the quality of your tap water. However, the debate is still being had as to whether RO water is healthy for long-term consumption.
Distilled water is also free of impurities and contaminants due to the water distillation process, but it goes one step further by also removing minerals and other dissolved solids. This makes it ideal for people with certain medical conditions, such as kidney problems, who need to avoid these substances.
However, we highly advise doing more research and even speaking with a medical professional if you’re considering consuming either sources of water. For example, there are studies showing that the evidence is not quite conclusive on whether consuming RO water is good or bad for the body.
Benefits of Reverse Osmosis For Home Use
Reverse osmosis is a water purification technology that is used to remove contaminants from water. The process works by forcing water through a semipermeable membrane, which allows only clean water to pass through and traps contaminants on the other side. With recent technological developments, new RO systems are able to do this extremely efficiently.
Reverse osmosis is an effective way to remove contaminants from your home water supply, making it safe to drink. In addition, reverse osmosis can also be used to improve the taste of water by removing impurities that can cause it to taste bad. Reverse osmosis is an affordable water purification option for home use and can be used to purify both tap water and well water.
A reverse osmosis filtration system also removes salt from seawater, making it possible to produce fresh water from ocean water. In addition, reverse osmosis can be used to concentrate dissolved solids in a solution, making it possible to recover valuable materials from wastewater.
Benefits of Distilled Water for Home Use
There are many benefits of using a water distiller to get distilled water for home use.
Firstly, it’s great for cleaning because it doesn’t contain any minerals or impurities that can leave behind spots or streaks. It’s also perfect for filling vases and watering plants because it won’t affect the taste of your flowers or the health of your plants. Additionally, distilled water is excellent for ironing because it doesn’t leave any mineral deposits on your clothes. Finally, distilled water is a great choice for drinking because it’s free of contaminants and chemicals.
Distilled water vs Deionized water
There are two main types of water used in industry and science laboratories: distilled water and deionized water. Both types of water are purified, but the methods used to purify them are different.
Distilled water is made by boiling water and then condensing the steam back into a liquid. This process removes impurities from the water, including dissolved minerals. Deionized water is made by running water through a series of filters that remove ions, such as magnesium and calcium.
Which type of water you use will depend on your needs. Distilled water is typically used in chemical reactions because it doesn’t contain any minerals that could interfere with the reaction. Deionized water is often used in experiments where dissolved minerals could affect the results.
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CC-MAIN-2023-14
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https://www.watersystemsguide.com/distilled-vs-reverse-osmosis-water
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Key 31: Buildings for Engineering 1899-1914
The teaching of Engineering began in the Quadrangle building and it expanded into the basement left vacant when Professor McCoy moved the National Museum to its new quarters in 1864. The North Extension to the Quadrangle in 1874/5 included an engineering teaching room. This was the 'first specifically designated space for the academic study of Engineering, as distinct from the practical training in the basement workshop'.
Subsequently, Engineering expanded into more of the ground floor of the North Extension and for a time used part of Wilson Hall as a drawing office.' Only after much dispute did work begin in 1899 on a building for the Engineering Faculty on the south-east corner of the University grounds near the recently built Teacher Training College ['the 1888 Building']. Students did not occupy the building till 1901. It was not Kernot's preferred location and its isolation contributed to a certain insularity in the faculty born partly of resentment at the snobbish attitudes of some members of Melbourne's academic and social elites towards studies associated with trades.
Designed by Reed, Tappin & Smart, the free-standing red-brick building with a tower on the south side is still recognisable despite additions and alterations. The functional design with suggestion of scholarly Gothic, though partly a result of limited funds, suited the expression of engineering as a utilitarian area of study and further set it apart from its more ornate predecessors.
It was followed in 1906 by a building for Mining and Metallurgy to the north. The space between these two buildings was filled between 1911 and 1914 with a two-story building designed by the Victorian Public Works Department.
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https://library.unimelb.edu.au/asc/collections/archives/resources/research-guides/keys-to-the-past/keys/key-31
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As so many have said, we are now living in a dark time for democracy. The forces of hatred, greed and racial ultra-superiority have always been with us, usually operating in the undertones of our cultural discourse.
Now, with rage unleashed by the very people who should be leading us toward collaboration, and with the ease of the internet and social media for spreading vitriol, those toxic forces have risen to attack openly the promise of the patriots that every person shall have the equal right to pursue happiness. Sadly, these toxic forces are dominating the current landscape. Their target is the very bedrock of democracy, the vote.
The Voting Rights Act, passed in 1965, already has been diluted and is in danger of being obliterated in practice. The truth is that the democratic experiment initiated by the Founders always has been incomplete and subject to economic ambition and power; even so, our history has been that in our unique democratic system, voters could nudge us toward a more perfect union at the voting booth.
We must remember what Nelson Mandela told us: Things always seem impossible until they are done. The history of the civil rights movement is one of inching toward progress, reactionary setback and then the determined continuation of effort. Thurgood Marshall kept arguing his point when the Supreme Court declared for equal education in 1954 and many of the nation’s school systems resisted implementing the act; he finally prevailed and, while not complete, the education of all children is improved. Martin Luther King Jr.’s followers kept battling. We did get finally a Voting Rights Act, even though it is still under attack.
So in our own time of despair, as crucial elections loom in front of us, it is enormously important for all who cherish democracy to take a lesson from the civil rights leaders of just a few years ago. We cannot give up just because it looks so hopeless. Whatever the unlikely chances of success, whatever the odds, whatever crushing feelings of helplessness and despair we suffer at every day’s morning newspaper, we must continue the fight.
Philosophers tell us the world we see is shaped by our own perceptions; that is, hope resides within each of us, not in the media, polls, statistics about voting preferences or the opinions of those around us who would have us just stop complaining and accept things as they so obviously seem to be.
Each of us now needs to understand that the first steps toward justice are our own inner belief that it must come. We need to make sure we continue to believe that justice can prevail, that right will ultimately triumph, and that each of our small efforts are all part of a “mighty stream” toward justice, as MLK Jr. told us.
Believe in the lessons that the oppressed and disenfranchised have shown us through history. Don’t let the setbacks discourage you. Keep your hope up, write and call legislators, talk to anyone you can about the vast importance of this effort. Give them inspiration against the odds, vote. March, rally. Keep going. Vote. Fight. Vote. Fight. Vote.
by Lou Levin, President Santa Fe NAACP
Published in the Santa Fe New Mexican on March 13, 2022
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CC-MAIN-2023-14
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https://naacpsfnm.org/2022/03/13/my-view-lou-levin/
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A Jewish concentration camp inmate is pulled from work detail at a makeshift hospital to listen to a dying Nazi soldier’s confession. The soldier asks him for forgiveness that he might die in peace. In the Jew’s place, what would you have done?
In this Reading with a Foreword by Os Guinness, Simon Wiesenthal gives his account of this incident that happened in Poland during World War II, challenging readers with the moral question of forgiveness. If a murderer is truly repentant, should he be forgiven? Are some actions too horrible to forgive? Can you forgive someone for something done to someone else? Or can you forgive, as a member of a larger community?
These tough questions are relevant for us today. As Os Guinness points out in the foreword, forgiveness is tricky business and should not be taken for granted or issued flippantly. Forgiveness too quickly given can easily become cheap grace, somehow dismissing the wounds of the inflicted or justifying the behavior of the wrongdoer. True forgiveness is costly, where the wronged relinquishes the right for retribution. And yet, through forgiveness, both the wronged and the wrongdoer find release, freedom, and the power to move on.
In an age of increasing violence and political unrest throughout the world, the issue of forgiveness is one that modern people need to consider and better understand.
A new Preface by award-winning director Laura Waters Hinson helps connect this theme with present-day post-genocide Rwanda and other situations.
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https://osguinness.com/reading/the-sunflower/
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What does PCBA mean [Professional introduction]
PCBA is the abbreviation of printed circuit board+Assembly in English. In short, PCBA can be a series of technologICal processes consisting of SMT chip processing, DIP plug-in processing and PCBA testing.
1、 Code for design and Inspection of PCBA components
Inspection preparation The inspector must wear anti-static gloves and wrist watch, prepare calipers, electrical performance parameter instruments and other tools;
1. Technical requirements
1.1 PCBA component plates must be made of materials with a flame-retardant grade of 94-V0 or above, and have corresponding UL yellow cards;
1.2 The appearance of PCBA component plate shall be free of rough burrs, poor cutting, delamination and cracking;
1.3 The size, hole diameter and edge distance of PCBA assembly plate shall meet the requirements of the engineering drawing, and the unspecified tolerance value shall be ± 0.1mm; Unless otherwise required, the plate thickness is 1.6 ± 0.1mm;
1.4 PCBA components must be printed with production (design) date, UL symbol, certificate number, 94V-0 characters, factory logo and product model; If PCBA assembly is composed of multiple PCB boards, other PCB boards shall also be printed with the above contents;
1.5 The printing symbols and font size shall be clear and legible;
1.6 If resistance capacitance step-down circuit is used for PCBA components, half wave rectification circuit must be used to improve the safety and stability of the circuit;
1.7 If switching power circuit is adopted for PCBA components, standby power consumption must be less than 0.5W;
1.8 When using PCBA for European products, the standby power consumption must be less than 1W. If the American version PCBA customer has special requirements, the standby power consumption shall comply with the technical requirements;
1.9 LED except for power lamp φ 5 Amber highlights astigmatism, and all green or all red φ 3 Bright astigmatism; 1.10 The specified live wire (ACL), neutral wire (ACN), relay common terminal wire (ACL1), high or continuous wire (HI), low wire LO of PCBA components;
1.11 The welding fuse and CBB capacitor (resistance capacitance circuit) of PCBA components must be on the live wire (ACL);
1.12 ACL1 shall be connected to the live wire, HI or LO shall be connected to each end of the heater, and the common end of the heater shall be connected to the neutral wire;
1.13 The solder joints of PCBA components shall be free of faulty welding, continuous welding and desoldering, and the solder joints shall be smooth, uniform and free of bubbles, pinholes, etc;
2. Selection of components
2.1 Famous brand manufacturers are preferred for PCBA components, followed by manufacturers meeting international standards or industry standards; Components from manufacturers that do not adopt enterprise standards;
2.2 Integrated block components (IC) shall be industrial grade IC;
2.3 Connecting connectors and terminals must be UL certified and provided with certificates;
2.4 The metal film resistor with clear color ring shall be selected as the resistance components, and the manufacturer shall comply with the industry standard;
2.5 Electrolytic capacitor components shall be explosion-proof capacitors with working temperature of - 40-105 ℃, and the manufacturer shall comply with the industry standard;
2.6 Crystal components are selected as crystal components, RC or chip built-in is not recommended, and the manufacturer complies with international standards;
2.7 The diode or triode shall be selected from domestic well-known brands, which shall meet the industry standards;
2.8 The dumping switch shall be infrared photoelectric type instead of mechanical type;
2.9 The surface of the designated components must be printed with UL/VDE/CQC/symbols, tradeMARKs, parameters and other contents clearly visible;
2.10 Relevant wire rods must have UL/VDE symbol, wire gauge, certification number, manufacturer name and other contents and be clearly visible;
3. Test and inspection
3.1 The PCBA components shall be installed on the corresponding test tooling platform, and the applicable parameters such as voltage and frequency shall be adjusted;
3.2 Whether the self inspection function of PCBA components meets the requirements of the functional specification, whether the relay output has abnormal sound, and whether the LED is fully lit evenly; 3.3 Whether the placement of PCBA component dumping device and the output function during dumping comply with the functional specification;
3.4 When the temperature probe of PCBA assembly is disconnected and short circuited, whether the output function and fault indication comply with the functional specification;
3.5 Whether the key function output of PCBA assembly meets the requirements of the functional specification;
3.6 Whether the ambient temperature indicator LED or the temperature displayed by the digital tube of the PCBA components meet the functional specifications;
3.7 Whether the power status indicator LED of PCBA assembly conforms to the functional specification;
3.8 Whether the intelligent control operation mode of PCBA components meets the functional specifications;
3.9 Whether the continuous operation mode of PCBA components meets the functional specifications;
3.10 Whether the standby power consumption of PCBA components meets the functional specifications;
3.11 When the voltage is adjusted to 80% of the rated voltage, whether the relay output has abnormal noise and whether the LED brightness is uniform;
3.12 If the voltage is adjusted to 1.24 times of the rated voltage, whether the relay output has abnormal noise and whether the LED brightness is uniform;
2、 PCBA General Appearance Inspection Specification
1. The wetting angle between the fillet weld with poor contact angle of the welding spot and the graphic end joint of the pad is greater than 90 °.
2. Upright: one end of the component leaves the bonding pad and is inclined or upright.
3. Short circuit: solders between two or more solder joints that should not be connected are connected, or solder joints are connected with adjacent wires.
4. Empty soldering: that is, the component lead and PCB solder joints are not connected by soldering tin.
5. False soldering: the component lead and PCB solder joint appear to be connected, but they are not actually connected.
6. Cold welding: solder paste at the solder joint is not completely melted or metal alloy is not formed.
7. Less tin (insufficient tin): the tin area or height between the component end and the PAD does not meet the requirements.
8. Too much tin (too much tin): the tin area or height between the component end and the PAD exceeds the requirements.
9. Blackening of solder joints: the solder joints are blackened and have no luster.
10. Oxidation: chEMIcal reaction has occurred on the surface of components, circuits, PADs or solder joints and there are colored oxides.
11. Displacement: the component deviates from the predetermined position in the horizontal (horizontal), vertical (vertical) or rotation direction in the plane of the pad (based on the centerline of the component and the centerline of the pad).
12. Reverse polarity (reverse direction): reverse polarity of polar components or polarity inconsistent with the requirements of documents (BOM, ECN, component location map, etc.).
13. Floating height: there is a gap or height between components and PCB.
14. Wrong parts: the specification, model, parameter, shape and other requirements of components are inconsistent with (BOM, samples, customer data, etc.).
15. Tin tip: the solder joints of components are not smooth, and the solder tips are stored.
16. Multiple parts: According to BOM, ECN or template, the parts that should not be pasted or have redundant parts on PCB are multiple parts.
17. Missing parts: According to BOM, ECN or sample plate, the parts that should be mounted on the position or PCB but not on the PCB are short.
18. Misalignment: the position of components or component pins is moved to the position of other PADs or pins.
19. Open circuit (open circuit): PCB circuit is disconnected.
20. Side placing (side standing): Side placing of pieces with different width and height.
21. Inverted (reversed): the two opposite sides of the component are interchangeable (such as the side with silk screen mark and the side without silk screen mark are upside down), and sheet resistance is common.
22. Tin bead: SMAll tin point between component pins or outside PAD.
23. Bubbles: There are bubbles in solder joints, components or PCBs.
24. Tin loading (tin climbing): the tin eating height of component solder joints exceeds the required height.
25. Tin crack: the solder joint is cracked.
26. Hole plug: PCB plug-in hole or through hole is blocked by soldering or other means.
27. Damage: crack, cutting or damage of components, plate bottom, plate surface, copper foil, circuit, through-hole, etc.
28. Blurred screen printing: the text or screen printing of components or PCBs is blurry or broken, and cannot be identified or blurry.
29. Dirt: the board surface is unclean, with foreign matters or stains.
30. Scratch: PCB or key scratch and bare copper foil.
31. Deformation: components or PCB body or corners are not on the same plane or bent.
32. Foaming (delamination) PCB or components are delaminated with copper and platinum with gaps.
33. Excess glue (too much glue) (too much red glue) or overflow the required range.
34. Little glue (too little red glue) or not reaching the required range.
35. Pinhole (concave point): PCB, PAD, solder joint, etc. have pinhole concave points.
36. Burr (peak): PCB edge or burr exceeds the required range or length.
37. Gold finger impurities: there are pits, tin spots or anti soldering oil on the surface of gold finger coating.
38. Gold finger scratch: the gold finger coating surface has scratch marks or bare copper platinum.
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<urn:uuid:3af863e1-22ee-443e-9756-9a73a2a11873>
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CC-MAIN-2023-14
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https://www.kingfordpcb.com/industry-news/1651.html
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en
| 0.843967
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With protests rolling throughout the United States (at the time of me creating this topic), I feel this is a timely discussion. In your opinion, what is the most effective method for changing society (think African American Civil Rights, Women’s Movement, Hispanic Movement, war protest, etc.)—voting, courts and legal systems, nonviolent civil disobedience, or violence? Fully explain your point. Provide some specific examples from actual events in the 1950s, 1960s, or 1970s to support your argument. How do those movements compare to the modern movements regarding race, gender, sexuality, and equality? What similarities and differences do you see?Once your initial response is posted find either a post that agrees or disagrees and write a reply. If you are agreeing you must add to their post (don’t just write I agree). If you disagree you must give examples of where you feel their argument failed (don’t just write “I disagree”… oh, and be respectful please).There will be a 25/25 split between the initial post and the reply on this one.Good luck and I look forward to reading these responses.
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<urn:uuid:a18ec91b-a82c-4d67-95ae-48ebebdcf4c4>
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CC-MAIN-2023-14
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https://assignmentblock.com/2022/01/14/in-your-opinion-what-is-the-most-effective-method-for-changing-society-think-african-american-civil-rights-womens-movement-hispanic-movement-war-protest-etc-voting-courts-and-legal/
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The Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 (EGTRRA) was a federal law that was enacted in 2001. The law included a number of provisions that were designed to stimulate economic growth and provide tax relief to taxpayers. Some of the key provisions of the law included reducing the marginal income tax rates for individuals, increasing the standard deduction for married taxpayers, and eliminating the estate tax. The law also contained a number of provisions that were designed to provide tax relief to businesses, such as reducing the corporate income tax rate and providing tax breaks for businesses that invest in research and development.
How is the VAT different from a national sales tax?
A value-added tax (VAT) is a consumption tax placed on a product whenever value is added at each stage of the supply chain, from production to the point of sale. The amount of VAT that the consumer pays is based on the purchase price of the product.
A national sales tax is a consumption tax that is imposed only once, at the point of sale. The amount of tax is based on the purchase price of the product. What type of tax is Medicare? Medicare is a payroll tax. The tax is imposed on wages and salaries and is used to fund the Medicare program. The tax is imposed on both employers and employees, and the rate is 1.45% for each. Who cut taxes and said that lowering tax rates could eventually increase revenue? The answer to this question is Ronald Reagan. In 1981, Reagan signed into law a series of tax cuts that lowered the marginal rate for the highest earners from 70% to 50%. He also cut the capital gains tax rate from 28% to 20%. These tax cuts were part of Reagan's economic policy, which was based on the theory of supply-side economics. This theory states that lower tax rates can encourage economic growth, which will in turn lead to higher tax revenue. While this theory is controversial, it did result in a period of economic growth during Reagan's presidency. What was a consequence of the 2001 economic growth and tax Reconciliation Act? The 2001 Economic Growth and Tax Reconciliation Act (EGTRRA) was a sweeping tax cut package enacted by the George W. Bush administration. The act lowered marginal tax rates across the board, increased the standard deduction and child tax credit, and abolished the estate tax. These changes resulted in a significant reduction in revenue for the federal government, and added to the already large budget deficits that were being run at the time. The act also contributed to the country's growing income inequality, as the lion's share of the tax cuts went to the wealthiest Americans.
How did the Omnibus budget Reconciliation Act of 1993 affect the national budget?
The Omnibus budget Reconciliation Act of 1993 increased taxes and decreased spending in an effort to reduce the federal budget deficit. The act raised taxes on individuals and corporations, and cut spending on programs like Medicaid and food stamps. The act was successful in reducing the deficit, but it was also criticized for its negative impact on the economy.
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<urn:uuid:7f23c4cc-b4f9-4e53-9b6d-f1d8ebf883c1>
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CC-MAIN-2023-14
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https://www.infocomm.ky/economic-growth-and-tax-relief-reconciliation-act-of-2001-egtrra/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296949701.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20230401063607-20230401093607-00165.warc.gz
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en
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By the time the time Mrs. M.F. de Rego took top honors in the “Portuguese sweet bread” category at the 1919 Maui Fair, sweet rolls and breads were as Hawaiian as slow-roasted pork and plate lunches. But like many popular Hawaiian foods, they weren't exactly native.
A Hawaiian History of Sweet Breads
Sweetened breads came to the islands with the Portuguese immigrants who flooded Hawaii in the mid-to-late 19th century to work the livestock ranches and sugarcane plantations. The newcomers were embraced by the business community—as Honolulu newspaper The Pacific Commercial Advertiser dubiously editorialized in 1878, “Those employing [the Portuguese immigrants] prefer them to any other laborers because they never get drunk . . .”
By 1910, another Honolulu newspaper, The Democrat, counted the number of Portuguese immigrants in Hawaii at more than 20,000. Many of these families baked their own breads using recipes brought from home, but when refined sugar was scarce or expensive (most of the sugar produced on the islands was destined for export), they used local ingredients like honey and pineapple juice as sweeteners.
Shortly before Hawaii became a state in 1959, Japanese-American Robert Taira opened Robert’s Bakery in Hilo, where bakers specialized in sweet Portuguese-style breads. A move to King Street in Honolulu a decade later prompted a name change to King’s Bakery, and distribution soared. Mainlanders took to transporting the breads home as souvenirs; they became so popular in California that King’s eventually moved its center of operations to Torrance, California, spurring another name change to King’s Hawaiian.
Today, a few families continue to bake Portuguese-style sweetened breads in large, hive-shaped outdoor ovens built by hand, particularly in the Kona region on the Big Island. Local kiawe wood, which burns hot and slow, is the preferred fuel.
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Consumerism critiqued: "Much like today, people linked their sense of dignity and respect with their consumerism" - Prof Deborah Posel.
Self-styled maverick, academic dissident, and described by some as the best critic of America that America has ever produced, economist and sociologist Thorstein Veblen developed a theory of consumerism that still resonates today.
This was the message of a public lecture by Professor Deborah Posel, founding director of UCT's new Institute for Humanities in Africa, delivered as part of the Gordon Institute for Performing and Creative Arts' Great Texts/Big Questions lecture series.
Titled Conspicuous Consumption, Conspicuous Waste: Thorsten Veblen's theory of the leisure class, Posel's lecture outlined the life and work of Veblen, focusing on his key publication, The Theory of the Leisure Class. Published in 1899 while Veblen was a professor at the University of Chicago in the US, the book is considered the first detailed critique of consumerism, but is written in terms that made Veblen instantly unpopular among his fellow economists.
"The book is a scathing attack on his world," said Posel. "Veblen lived in a time of disease, overcrowding and premature death. He was both fascinated and appalled by the cultural life of stuff. He asked why so many people, in so many societies, across space and time, have been so invested - psychologically, socially and financially - in the conspicuous display of objects with little functional utility - purchases that orthodox economists would consider economically irrational."
"Veblen was deeply troubled by poverty alongside ostentatious displays of wealth by the rich, but vented his spleen in detailed commentaries on the use of material objects - such as dress, art works, household displays - to produce what he called social 'honour' or 'esteem' - a sense of personal wealth reflected through the eyes of others."
Posel pointed to Veblen's remarkable prescience as a nineteenth century thinker in anticipating writings on the modern consuming self: those whose identity is established by how other people judge their status as a consumer.
Posel cited a sociology study conducted in Lancashire in the UK in the late 1800s.
"A study of pawn shops showed that the first thing people pawned were the useful, functional things. The last of their possessions to go was all the stuff they had in their front room - the room that was very seldom used, but could be seen from the street."
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Please view the republishing articles page for more information.
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In contact with a platinum catalyst, an unknown alkene reacts with three equivalents of hydrogen gas to give 1-isopropyl- 4-methylcyclohexane. When the unknown alkene is ozonized and reduced, the products are the following: Deduce the structure of the unknown alkene.
Watch the explanaiton in the video below:
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FAN Wei 樊维 and LU Zhouxiang 吕洲翔
Hospital workers in Beijing play a causal game of badminton during their lunch hour. Photo by Berkshire Publishing staff.
Badminton, like many other racket sports, has a long history. In the fifth century BCE, Chinese started to play a ball game called ti jian, 踢毽 which can be translated as “shuttle kick.” As the name suggests, the object of the game was for players to keep a shuttle from hitting the ground without using their hands. Regardless of whether ti jian had anything to do with badminton, it was the first sport to use a shuttle.
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The GPS, or Guided Personal Study, is a teacher-directed independent study. Unlike the COMPASS project, the GPS is developed by a teacher. Students can choose to take a GPS if they are interested in a subject that isn't currently offered, or if they would like to follow a class but are unable to fit it in their schedule. Online classes through VTVLC are also considered GPS courses.
Students need to meet with the teacher they'd like to work with to plan their GPS before the beginning of the semester. The student and teacher will agree on a meeting schedule and method for communicating assignments and materials. The student is responsible for independently staying on top of their work.
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Institution of Affiliation
Job Title – Accountant
Develop, maintain and analyze budgets, preparing periodic reports that compare budgeted costs to actual costs
Prepare, examine or analyze accounting records, financial statements or other financial reports to assess accuracy, completeness and conformance to reporting and procedural standards
Review accounts for discrepancies and reconcile differences
Prepare adjusting journal entries
Establish tables of accounts and assign entries to proper accounts
Accounting software – fund accounting software, Intuit QuickBooks, Sage 50 Accounting and Tax software
Database user interface and query software- Data entry software, Best Software CPA Payroll, Yardi and Microsoft access
Enterprise resource planning ERP software- Microsoft Dynamics GP; NetSuite ERP; Oracle PeopleSoft Financials; SAP Business Objects
Financial analysis software- RSM McGladrey Auditor Assistant, Brentmark Estate Planning Quickview; Delphi Technology and Oracle E-Business Suite Financials
Tax preparation software- ATX total tax office, BNA Income Tax Planning Solutions; Intuit Lacerte and Orrtax Software IntelliTax Classic
Economics and accounting – Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking and the analysis and reporting of financial data. Mathematics – Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
Clerical – Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and other office procedures and terminology.
English language – Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar.
Law and government – Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process
Active listening – Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
Critical Thinking – Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems.
Mathematics – Using mathematics to solve problems.
Reading comprehension – Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents.
Speaking – Talking to others to convey information effectively.
Mathematic reasoning – The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.
Written comprehension – The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
Deductive reasoning- The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.
Near vision – The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
Number facility- The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
Interacting with computers – Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.
Getting information – Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
Communicating with supervisors, peers or subordinates – Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
Documenting/ recording information- Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
Establishing and maintaining interpersonal relationships- Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
Detailed work activities
Examine financial records and processes –
Maintain data in information systems and databases
Analyze business and financial data
Examine the financial records
Prepare financial documents
Electronic mail- 99% responded “Every day.”
Importance of being exact or accurate – 92% responded “Extremely important.”
Telephone – 89% responded “Every day.”
Indoors, environmentally controlled – 91% responded “Every day.”
Structured vs unstructured work – 77% responded “A lot of freedom.”
Bachelor’s degree- 42% of respondents
Some college, no degree- 39% of respondents
Associate’s degree- 14% of respondents
Attention to detail -Job requires being careful about detail and thorough in completing work tasks.
Integrity- Job requires being honest and ethical.
Dependability- Job requires being reliable, responsible, and dependable, and fulfilling obligations.
Analytical thinking – Job requires analyzing information and using logic to address work-related issues and problems.
Cooperation- Job requires being pleasant with others on the job and displaying a good-natured, cooperative attitude.
Achievement – Occupations that satisfy this work value are results oriented and allow employees to use their strongest abilities, giving them a feeling of accomplishment. Corresponding needs are Ability Utilization and Achievement.
Independence -Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to work on their own and make decisions. Corresponding needs are Creativity, Responsibility and Autonomy.
Support- Occupations that satisfy this work value offer supportive management that stands behind employees. Corresponding needs are Company Policies, Supervision: Human Relations and Supervision: Technical.
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https://nursinghomeworks.com/job-title-accountant/
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Just watching a Centrum Silver commercial makes me more confident about my golden years. See, I could take up sailing! Or start jogging alongside an affable golden retriever! Or lay in separate outdoor soaking tubs with my life partner under a veranda! The point is: Anything is possible in your old age—as long as you take your vitamins. The message is clear: No vitamins, no sailing, no golden retriever jogs.
Data shows 75% of American adults take some type of dietary supplement or vitamin. Walk into any pharmacy and it’s obvious the supplement industry is huge, projected to reach $300 billion in global worth by 2024. But what if the fundamental premise of vitamins and supplements—that they’ll make us healthier and help us live longer—is crap?
Harvard Health Publishing points to a study of more than 27,000 adults recently published in the journal Annals Of Internal Medicine, which found that adequate consumption of nutrients was associated with lower risk of death, but only if those nutrients come from food, not supplements. The study, funded by the National Institutes Of Health, found that benefits of consuming nutrients like vitamin A, vitamin K, magnesium, zinc, and copper, were limited to people who consumed them in food form, not vitamin form: “The researchers found the use of dietary supplements had no influence on mortality. People with adequate intake of vitamin A, vitamin K, magnesium, zinc, and copper were less likely to die. However, that relationship only held for nutrient intake from food consumption.”
At first, researchers did notice a correlation between supplements and reduced mortality, but those associations disappeared when the researchers factored in confounding variables. People who take vitamins also exercise more regularly than those who don’t, visit the doctor more often, and try to eat more healthfully, for example, according to the 2018 CRN Consumer Survey On Dietary Supplements. Once that was accounted for, the NIH notes “it appears that people who take dietary supplements are likely to live a longer and healthier life for reasons that are unrelated to their supplement use.”
What are we to do with this information? Most of us can probably stop taking vitamins, if we are currently. The NIH’s analysis says most American adults would be fine without supplements—those with nutritional deficiencies or other health issues might benefit from them—as long as they follow accepted health recommendations about diet and exercise. Sorry if you thought that pill would be a silver bullet; you’ll have to earn those spry dog jogs all on your own.
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Food science is a fascinating field of study. Scientists and engineers can look back to see what we ate in the past and see into the future. They can ascertain the foods that are healthy (red onions per the latest news) and the foods that may be less than optimal. Processed anything belongs on the naughty list, along with an array of snack cakes. Recently, Gildshire Magazines took an interest in the future, and looked at the food landscape in 20 years What will our grandchildren’s grandchildren be eating in 100 years? What foods do we take for granted? We enlisted the help of the foodies with Insider and the School of Food Science at Washington State University. We discovered significant climate change impact on dinner!
Peanut Butter: Persistent drought affects the peanut supply in more than one way. Farmers can plant them only in the fields that receive a specific dry season/wet season pattern. If the rains end too soon, the pods dry out and become contaminated by toxic mold. It happened five years ago, and the price of peanut butter rose 40%. The effects of climate change threaten to make the problem far worse for those who like a nice PB&J.
When will peanut butter cease to be a thing? Scientists say that day may come sooner than we can imagine. Spoon University estimates 2030 as the year of reckoning for peanuts, as well as their buttery offspring. Most domestic peanuts are raised in some of the United States’ most drought-ridden States; Georgia, South Carolina, and Alabama to name a few.
Avocados: Do you want to know a fun foods fact about avocados? It takes 72 gallons of water to grow two medium-sized avocados. Actually, that is a fun fact that may have serious consequences. Most of the world’s supply of avocados are grown in Mexico and California. This year, abundant rain has fallen in California but climatologists warn that California and points south are in a drought-abundant climate zone when we look into the future.
So, how long can we expect the guacamole to flow inexpensively, or even at all? The future is slightly harder to predict with avocados than with peanuts, as avocados are hardier. That said, leading food scientists predict the demise to occur between 2050 and 2075. Your salsa and sour cream are already having separation anxiety.
Chickpeas: Remember the 72 gallons of water it takes to make a couple of avocados? It takes 1,140 gallons of water to make an average can of chickpeas. The demise of the peanut and the avocado are in the future, while the end of the chickpea is already underway. Droughts across the globe have caused the worldwide production of these legumes to decline by 44%, and the percentage is accelerating. The nature of the chickpea decline is one of several canary in the coal mine scenarios cited by climatologists and climate change experts. The U.S. chickpea grows primarily in California, Oregon, Washington, and Montana. Farmers in the Mediterranean, Northern Africa, South America and southern Europe grow them, as well. That is a large and international growth footprint, but even the size of the print can’t alleviate the climate changes causing the chickpea’s demise.
A couple of generations ago hummus was an exotic dish, unknown to many American palates. Now, it is a common cracker dip or snack right out of the container. Sadly, its days as a staple may be numbered. Expect shortages by 2023 and near-extinction five years hence.
Coffee: Uh oh, now it’s getting serious. Your cranky coworker could give two hangs and a “Phhbbbt” about peanuts, avocados, and chickpeas. Take her coffee away, though, and Hell hath no fury like her on the prowl. Here are the facts that will make her foam at the mouth:
Arabica beans grow best between 64 F and 70 F, and this particularly aromatic bean makes the best coffee. If the temperature rises above that, the plants ripen too quickly, which affects the taste of the coffee. As the global temperatures continue to rise, both coffee yield and quality are decreasing.
Fortunately, for the one coworker who is wearing you out, coffee won’t become extinct until after she retires from breathing. Experts say approximately 2080 will be the end times for the morning caffeine boost.
Fish: Future generations may look back at us and ask questions. What was up with the mullet? Why did music go downhill after Bruce Springsteen and the first iteration of the E Street Band? Probably, those will be two of them. Another one? Didn’t they know the health of the sea, and the fish foods therein, was saying everything about the future of the planet and the destiny of the human race? Sadly, the weight of the mullet was giving us headaches and rap music was rotting our brains. In fact, the condition of the sea is worsening all the time.
Overfishing and industrial trawling practices are part of the reason. Mile long nets capture everything in their path, including endangered species of fish. This loss of diversity results in ecosystem imbalance, making sea life susceptible to toxins.
At the current rate of ocean decay, a child born today will be just 31 years of age when the fish disappear. That’s a bedtime story too scary to tell.
Can we get by without these foods? After all, mankind has adapted before. Time will tell, but that’s only one question. Another, and better question is this: Do we want a lunch counter that has neither peanut butter nor tuna?
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Machine Learning vs Statistics
Machine learning is all about predictions, supervised learning, and unsupervised learning, while statistics is about sample, population, and hypotheses. But are they actually that different?
Aatash Shah, CEO of Edvancer Eduventures.
Many people have this doubt, what’s the difference between statistics and machine learning? Is there something like machine learning vs. statistics?
From a traditional data analytics standpoint, the answer to the above question is simple.
- Machine Learning is an algorithm that can learn from data without relying on rules-based programming.
- Statistical modeling is a formalization of relationships between variables in the data in the form of mathematical equations.
Machine learning is all about predictions, supervised learning, unsupervised learning, etc.
Statistics is about sample, population, hypothesis, etc.
Two different critters, right? Well, let’s see if they are actually that different!
Both machine learning and statistics have the same objective
According to Larry Wasserman:
They are both concerned with the same question: how do we learn from data?
In his blog, he states how the same concepts have different names in the two fields:
|Data Point||Example/ Instance|
Robert Tibshirani, a statistician and machine learning expert at Stanford, calls machine learning “glorified statistics."
Nowadays, both machine learning and statistics techniques are used in pattern recognition, knowledge discovery and data mining. The two fields are converging more and more even though the below figure may show them as almost exclusive.
Source: SAS Institute - A Venn diagram that shows how machine learning and statistics are related
Both machine learning and statistics share the same goal: Learning from data. Both these methods focus on drawing knowledge or insights from the data. But, their methods are affected by their inherent cultural differences.
They’re related, sure. But their parents are different.
Machine learning is a subfield of computer science and artificial intelligence. It deals with building systems that can learn from data, instead of explicitly programmed instructions.
A statistical model, on the other hand, is a subfield of mathematics.
Machine learning is comparatively a new field.
Cheap computing power and availability of large amounts of data allowed data scientists to train computers to learn by analyzing data. But, statistical modeling existed long before computers were invented.
Methodological differences between machine learning and statistics
The difference between the two is that machine learning emphasizes optimization and performance over inference which is what statistics is concerned about.
This is how a statistician and machine learning practitioner will describe the outcome of the same model:
- ML professional: “The model is 85% accurate in predicting Y, given a, b and c.”
- Statistician: “The model is 85% accurate in predicting Y, given a, b and c; and I am 90% certain that you will obtain the same result.”
Machine learning requires no prior assumptions about the underlying relationships between the variables. You just have to throw in all the data you have, and the algorithm processes the data and discovers patterns, using which you can make predictions on the new data set. Machine learning treats an algorithm like a black box, as long it works. It is generally applied to high dimensional data sets, the more data you have, the more accurate your prediction is.
In contrast, statisticians must understand how the data was collected, statistical properties of the estimator (p-value, unbiased estimators), the underlying distribution of the population they are studying and the kinds of properties you would expect if you did the experiment many times. You need to know precisely what you are doing and come up with parameters that will provide the predictive power. Statistical modeling techniques are usually applied to low dimensional data sets.
It may seem like machine learning and statistical modeling are two different branches of predictive modeling. The difference between the two has reduced significantly over the past decade. Both the branches have learned from each other a lot and will continue to come closer together in the future.
But, understanding the association and knowing their differences enables machine learners and statisticians to expand their knowledge and even apply methods outside their domain of expertise. This is the notion of “data science” itself, which aims to bridge the gap. Collaboration and communication between these two fascinating data-driven disciplines allows us to make better decisions that will ultimately positively affect the way we live.
You can learn some machine learning techniques which are based on statistics in our Certified Business Analytics Professional course.
Bio: Aatash Shah is the co-founder and CEO of Edvancer Eduventures. He has over 6 years of experience in the investment banking industry before starting Edvancer.
Original. Reposted with permission.
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History of Bonfire Night
A History of the Festival Every year on November 5th, the United Kingdom celebrates Bonfire Night also known as Guy Fawkes Day and Fireworks Night , involving bonfires and fireworks displays. But why do they celebrate it? What is the history behind this festival?
In this blog post, we will explore the origins of Bonfire Night and find out why it is such an an important day in the UK!
The history of Bonfire Night dates back to 1605, when a group of Catholic conspirators attempted to blow up the Houses of Parliament in London. The plot was foiled, and the conspirators were captured and executed. In the years that followed, people across England began celebrating November Fifth as a way to remember the failed plot and celebrate the survival of their country. They rented a safe under the House of Lords and brought in 36 barrels of gunpowder under cover of darkness. On the night of November 4, Fawkes was assigned to guard the safe.
Bonfire Night, as many like to call it, has all but lost its original purpose and maybe even its allure. With the recent popularity of Halloween and the more stringent health and safety regulations for firecrackers and firecrackers, the future of Bonfire Night is somewhat in jeopardy. On Bonfire Night (November 5th), fireworks can be used until midnight. Fireworks should not be used in a public place after 11pm on any other night. fireworks shop If you want to buy fireworks for a private event, such as a wedding or birthday party, you can buy them from an authorized seller with an all-year.
What is Bonfire Night?
On November 5 this year, people across the UK light bonfires, set off fireworks and burn the effigy of a man named Guy Fawkes. The reason we're doing this is because it's the anniversary of the Gunpowder Plot (1605); a failed attempt by a group of dissidents to blow up the Houses of Parliament in London.
In the following years, effigies of the Pope were burned on November 5, perpetuating the anti-Catholic sentiment of the time. The party became more sophisticated with fireworks and mini-explosives, and the night turned into a very noisy and sometimes violent event on multiple occasions. After years of fighting Catholic Spain against the Protestant Dutch reformers, Fawkes had returned to England, and Wintour introduced him to Catesby. While in Spain, Fawkes had adopted the Italian version of his name in an attempt to sound more continental and thus take his Catholic faith more seriously.
Bonfire Night News :
As news of the conspiracy spread, Londoners began lighting bonfires to celebrate the fact that James I was still alive, and in 1606 the 5th of November Act was passed creating an annual public Thanksgiving. for the failure of the forced conspiracy. It became known as the Day of the Gunpowder Treason.
Bonfire Night and New Year’s Eve :
The commemoration had begun to lose its religious and political background, and in 1859 the commemoration law enacted on November 5 was repealed. If your wedding is on or around Bonfire Night or New Year’s Eve, you’re probably thinking about fireworks. However, most fireworks companies are busy with public events and fundraisers at this time of year.
Today, Bonfire Night is still an important day in the UK. People gather around bonfires, sing songs, and enjoy fireworks displays. It is a night for families and friends to come together and celebrate all that they are thankful for. So if you find yourself in the UK on November Fifth, be sure to join in on the fun! Who knows, you might even learn a thing or two about the history of this fascinating holiday. Fireworks are a big part of celebrations around the world. Fireworks shops apply for and pay for a license to sell fireworks year-round. All, including supermarkets, only sell fireworks during limited sales times around Bonfire Night and New Year’s Eve.
Guy Fawkes Day Celebrations :
In the late 18th century, children began parading through the streets asking for "a penny for Guy" with self-made masked Guy Fawkes figurines. As such, Guy Fawkes eventually replaced the Pope with lit bonfires, and the day changed from Gunpowder Hoax Day to Guy Fawkes Day. Fireworks, an essential part of most Guy Fawkes Day celebrations, represent the explosive that the conspirators never used. The guards conduct an annual search of Parliament House to look for possible arsonists, although this is more ceremonial than serious. Lewes, in the southeast of England, is the scene of a Guy Fawkes Day celebration with a distinctly local flair, involving six campfire clubs whose members have family histories stretching back generations.
Guy Fawkes Night :
Guy Fawkes was a 17th-century English conspirator in the Gunpowder Plot, a failed plan to blow up the Palace of Westminster, home to King James I and Parliament. He participated in this conspiracy to avenge James' increasing persecution of Catholics. His aim was to blow up the Palace of Westminster at the official opening of Parliament when James I and his Prime Minister met there in retaliation for the growing oppression of Catholics in England.
Gunpowder Plot :
What became known as the"Gunpowder Plot" grew out of uncontrollable anger at the King for his growing intolerance of Catholics in response to the ever-growing Church of England, led by the King himself. Fawkes and Catesby were both ardent Catholics who believed that Catholicism could only be restored after armed struggle. Thus, the plot involved the blowing up of the Palace of Westminster on the opening day of Parliament in the presence of the King. In the UK, most people see a huge fireworks display at the Bonfire Night Parties.
But when are you allowed to set them off in the UK?
For the majority of the year, it is illegal to set off fireworks (including sparklers) between 11pm and 7am, except on certain occasions. The law states that it is not allowed to light or set off fireworks (including sparklers) on the street or in other public places. If you are purchasing fireworks for personal use, you may only use them on your private property or on property where you have permission from the owner. Lighting fireworks in a public place is a criminal offense and can be severely punished. However, if you wish to organize a public exhibition, you can request authorization from your municipality.
Here is a guide to the different fireworks nights and the cut-off times for each.
Bonfire Night is celebrated on the 5th of November and the cut off time is 12 midnight.
New Year’s Eve is another big fireworks night. The cut-off time for setting Off fireworks on New Year’s Eve is 1 am.
Diwali, the Hindu festival of lights, is also a time when fireworks are used to celebrate. The cut-off time for setting off fireworks during Diwali is also 1am.
Chinese New Year is another celebration where fireworks are used. The cut-off time for setting off fireworks during Chinese New Year is also 1am.
So there you have it. The next time you are planning a fireworks display,
make sure you check the cut-off time for your chosen celebration and fireworks in UK from Showtime Fireworks, the best shop for buy fireworks online in the UK!
Showtime Fireworks is open all year round to help make your celebrations extra special. Visit us online or in-store today.
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Strike Action 15th and 16th March 2023
Welcome to Kestrel class!
In English, we are looking at the text 'Firebird'. We will be looking at how the text uses figurative language (e.g. similes, metaphors, personification) to create interesting description.
In Maths, we are continuing with decimals and percentages. We will also be learning how to round decimals to the nearest tenth/hundredth and thousandth.
In Science, we are learning about living things and their natural habitats.
Our foundation subjects for this half term are as follows:
Music: Introducing chords
Art: Chinese Clay Warriors
The children’s Spring 2 homework is set on 24th February and is due on the 24th March. Please keep encouraging the children to keep practising their spellings- using their word lists, and reading as frequently as possible.
- P.E will be every Monday. Please ensure the children come in the correct school PE kit.
- My Maths will be set every Friday and will need to be completed by the following Friday.
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There are different types of people. The ones who go to bed and rise early and the ones who stay up late and like to sleep until late. “Larks” and “night-owls”. But is any type better or worse? Do night-owls get too little sunlight? How about sleeping little during the week and catching up on sleep during the weekend? That is possible, right?
The answer is yes. It is actually possible to catch up on sleep. To find out why it isn’t the most advisable thing to do though, continue reading.
Ok, let’s start off at the beginning: What is a chronotype?
Chronos, as you may know, is the Greek God of time. Thus, Chronotype is a distinction made between people concerning their personal time patterns. Humans are diurnal creatures (although this might seem different in a club on Saturday at 4a.m.) and our brains are all tuned in to daytime when we feel fresh and energetic and nighttime when we get tired and fall asleep.
Turning the clock upside down
This pattern can of course be turned around. We can get accustomed to being awake at night and sleeping during the day. The problem is that this is unhealthier than previously thought: Sunlight lets us produce vitamin D, which is important for the production of serotonin and dopamine.
But studies show that ignoring our so called circadian rhythm brings more trouble than just the lack of Vitamin D: All our bodily functions are in synch with the day-night circle. That means that even if we are used to being up at night and sleeping during the day, our body is still running in standby-mode at night. Our body temperature, ability to focus, immune defense and even our mood is tuned to being low when the sun is not up. Mistakes and even deadly incidents at work are significantly higher at night than during normal working hours.
Larks and Night-Owls
So what about people who tend to stay up late and sleep in? Are they doing something wrong? Is it in every human’s nature to be up when the sun rises?
The answer is NO.
As determined by their genes, humans have different inner clocks. A tiny patch in our brain called the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) recognizes time through its interactions with light-responsive cells in the back if the eye.
Humans can be divided in two groups: Larks and owls. Larks tend to have a slightly faster inner clock, owls a slower one. Larks get tired quite early in the evening and are happy to jump out of bed in the morning, owls are the opposite. No type is better than the other: But sticking to your personal schedule could be important.
Sticking to your schedule
As the guardian reports, a study of undergraduates showed that keeping a regular bedtime has a positive effect on the quality of sleep even if the overall amount of sleep was roughly the same. The subjects who went to bed at different times showed poorer academic performance. That means that building up sleep deficit over the week and catching up on weekends may be fine for the total amount of sleep but bad for its quality. Unfortunately, a huge number of people are affected by so-called social jet lag. Going to parties late, working early, sleeping until noon on Sunday, in short, constantly being “out-of-synch”. According to research of the University of Arizona College of Medicine, this causes sleepiness and fatigue, increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and, quite simply put, really bad mood.
Knowing your chronotype
The good news is that a team of German scientists around Achim Kramer have found a method to identify a person’s individual chronotype. Out of 20.000 genes they have identified 12 relevant ones that determine whether someone is a lark or an owl and what the person’s individual time is. This may be important for determining the best time to administer medicine and to reduce side-effects.
If you are not in the need of medication, this may not be relevant for you. You most likely know that type of person you are since a long time anyway. Stay true to yourselfand your needs, listen to your body and you’ll be fine.
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What do you understand by contingent liabilities?
Is the knowledge of statistics is necessary for accounting?
What do you understand by project implementation in accounting?
What are the various steps of project implementation in accounting?
What is the Accounting Information System (AIS)?
Why did you choose ‘accounting’ as a career? / Why have you chosen accounting as a profession?
What are the major constraints that can hamper relevant and reliable financial statements?
What are the drawbacks of the Double Entry System?
What do you understand by GAAP?
What are some examples of liability accounts?
What are some examples of intangible assets?
What are the Revenue Recognition and Matching Principles in Accounting?
What are some different accounting concepts?
What do you understand by the term owner’s equity?
What things are included in the Owner’s equity?
What is the best way to estimate bad debts?
What is TDS? And where is it shown in the balance sheet?
What is the difference between inactive and dormant accounts?
What do you understand by real and nominal accounts? Explain them with examples.
What do you do to maintain accounting accuracy?
What is the difference between “accounts payable (AP)” and “accounts receivable (AR)”?
What do you think about Accounting Standards? Are they mandatory?
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Place of memory
The street of Guiche was recently renamed by the city hall of Pau. What is it called now?
On October 27, 2018 the Rue de Guiche changed its name to Rue des Républicains Espagnols en Béarn.
Starting in 1936, Pau welcomed many Spanish Republican refugees who were fleeing their country during or after the Franco coup and the civil war. Many Spaniards settled and lived in the Hédas neighborhood, contributing over the years to the development of Pau.
The rue de Guiche was selected among the streets of the neighborhood to pay tribute to the Spanish refugees, while many of their descendants still live in Pau.
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One of Beckman’s core values is to achieve excellence in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. With the new addition of a scanning transmission electron microscope to the institute’s Microscopy Suite, innovation in STEM takes on a double meaning.
Tucked away in the basement of the Beckman Institute, the Microscopy Suite steadily hums with activity. Its state-of-the-art microscopes support scientists with advanced microscopy, spectroscopy, and image rendering capabilities. A recently acquired scanning transmission electron microscope will amplify those opportunities, raising the bar for integrative imaging research at Illinois.
Not just the bar, but the ceiling. The microscope – ordered in November 2019, received in August 2020, and installed in early November that year – was so physically massive that the ceiling of room B606B had to be raised.
“It’s so exciting to add this machine to our research arsenal after our old TEM would no longer function,” said Microscopy Suite Manager Cate Wallace. “It’s great to see old users, and of course new users, coming back to Beckman to use the (S)TEM.”
The (S)TEM is effectively the best of both microscopy worlds, capable of holistic, high resolution imaging. Each letter in the machine’s acronym highlights a unique feature.
The E marks the machine as an electron microscope, wherein a beam of electrons pass through a thin sample in the same way light passes through a conventional microscope.
The S, which stands for “scanning,” indicates features of a scanning electron microscope, which can produce a 3D rendering of a solid specimen by rasterizing an electron beam across its surface. Imagine scanning a flashlight beam back and forth across a wooden crate: you can illuminate the crate’s shape and any imperfections in the wood, but you can’t see what’s inside.
T is for “transmission.” A transmission electron microscope operates similarly to a light microscope, wherein a stationary beam transmits electrons through a thin specimen to produce a 2D look inside.
“The TEM image is flat. You get a good idea of the structure, but that’s it. The (S)TEM is going to help fix that problem because it’s taking some of the technology from the SEM that gives you that nice 3D profile, so it gives you a nice height contrast added to the images,” Wallace said.
Purchased to image biological and non-biological samples alike, the (S)TEM’s versatility allows cross-campus researchers to take advantage of its capabilities.
One such researcher is Jaeyoung Hong, a first-year graduate student in materials science and engineering. Hong is using Beckman’s (S)TEM to image carbon nanotubes, cylindrical structures made of carbon atoms about one billionth of a meter in diameter. Carbon nanotubes are known for their high electrical conductivity and mechanical properties, but Hong is interested in their function as a substrate for inorganic nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are perched on the nanotubes like birds on a telephone wire. Like birds, their tendency is to aggregate; positioning them on a surface prevents such aggregation and loss of particles’ individual properties and its high surface area.
Acting primarily as a transmission electron microscope, the (S)TEM is instrumental in determining the size and positioning of nanoparticles on the telephone-wire nanotubes.
“While high-resolution nanoparticle imaging is possible with a handful of machines, the TEM is built for it. With the SEM you can see the exterior, but with the (S)TEM you can see the internal structure – you can actually see through the material and look at the atoms inside. For my research, I need this capability to see the array of the atoms at the surface of nanoparticles.
“For me, producing these images is proof that we can actually create composite nanomaterials; like how people say, ‘seeing is believing.’ It’s some of the most impressive, decisive data that you can produce,” Hong said.
To learn more about the Microscopy Suite, visit its web page: https://itg.beckman.illinois.edu/microscopy_suite
The (S)TEM, and other instruments in the Microscopy Suite, are available for use by all Illinois researchers and select visiting faculty. To request equipment training or use of the machines, please contact Microscopy Suite Manager Cate Wallace: email@example.com
Beckman Institute’s scanning transmission electron microscope was purchased from TSS Microscopy, a microscope refurbishment and vending company based in Hillsboro, Oregon.
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One of the most significant problems of using plastic is that it absorbs and releases toxic chemicals that have the potential to harm a wide variety of life. Also, it is made from nonrenewable resources which means it is not environmentally friendly.
One of the reasons many people stick to disposable plastic cutlery is that it is available at a much cheaper rate as compared to other types of cutlery available in the market. Thankfully, you can now buy wooden cutlery that is not only disposable but is also much more environmentally friendly. It is sourced from a renewable resource, and it is biodegradable which means it quickly breaks down in nature and does not harm the environment. As far as the price is concerned, these days you can buy high-quality wooden cutlery at an affordable price from many different manufacturers.
The biggest advantage of using wooden cutlery is that it is 100% compostable. You can use disposable wooden cutlery as a compostable resource and help the environment. There are several manufacturers of disposable wooden cutlery that do not use any harmful chemicals in their products which means these are completely safe to use.
Another advantage of using disposable wooden cutlery is that wood has its charm when it comes to food displays. Also, you will be able to impress your clients as well as your guests by using wooden cutlery in a wide variety of exotic styles and designs.
It is a much superior alternative when it comes to disposable cutlery made of plastic that is filling the world’s landfills. Any type of hardwood can be used for making wooden cutlery including birch and maple.
Most well-known manufacturers of wooden cutlery carefully sand and smooth the wood surface for safer use. However, it is important to store and handle it in the right manner to prevent the wood from developing cracks or splinters. Wooden cutlery can be used in indoor as well as outdoor food events. You shouldn’t be concerned that you cannot use wooden cutlery in an outdoor event. The modern wooden cutlery is tough and sturdy which means you won’t have any problem with high-quality wooden cutlery.
It is also important to mention here that wood is a porous and absorbent material which means it can soak in bacteria and moisture from food and water. Therefore, it should not be used for long-term.
Another important thing you need to keep in mind is that certain woods such as Cyprus or cedar may contaminate the food with oily resins and strong odors. Similarly, the cutlery made from recycled wood might not be safe if proper care is not taken during the manufacturing process. Therefore, it is important you stick to only well-known manufacturers of wooden cutlery who do not use any chemicals or other harmful products while manufacturing wooden cutlery.
Overall, wooden cutlery is extremely safe for the environment and provides an excellent replacement for disposable plastic cutlery. There are several manufacturers of high-quality wooden cutlery, and you can buy all kinds of forks, spoons, and knives in a variety of designs and styles to keep your guests happy and excited.
Safimex company has supplying Disposable wooden cutlery with a good price in bulk. If you are interested in this product, please feel free to contact us at email@example.com or click at: https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/DISPOSABLE-6-3INCH-WOODEN-CUTLERY-SET_10000001812437.html?spm=a2747.manage.0.0.5dcf2c3cRJ3mpM
Source: Real shop
SAFIMEX JOINT STOCK COMPANY
Head Office: 216/20a Duong Ba Trac Street, Ward 2, District 8, Hochiminh City, Vietnam.
Tel: (+84)-(28)-3636 2388 | (+84)-(28)-3636 2399 | Website: https://safimex.com/
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ASSAM AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY JORHAT , ASSAM
EMAIL ID : email@example.com
Flooding, resulting in soil water logging and in many situations even complete submergence of plants, is an important abiotic stress in many regions worldwide. The number of floods has increased in recent decades and the severity of floods is expected to increase further in many regions of the world. Flooding reduces agricultural production, and floods shape many natural plant communities (e.g. floodplains, wetlands, salt marshes). A spectacular example of an important natural ecosystem shaped by flooding is the Amazon Floodplain forests, in which seasonal floods are deep and prolonged.
Rainfed lowland and deep-water rice together account for approximately 33% of global rice farmlands (50 million hectares of the estimated 150 million hectares of rice fields worldwide in 2004â€"2006 (IRRI Social Statistics Database; Huke and Huke 1997). Distribution of rice grown in upland, irrigated, rainfed lowland, and deep-water environments. Oftentimes, transient submergence is repeated or followed by a period of stagnant partial flooding. When partially or completely submerged, most rice varieties display a moderate capacity to elongate leaves and the portion of stems that are trapped underwater. This elongation growth leads to a spindly plant that easily lodges when floodwaters recede. If the flood is deep, underwater elongation growth can exhaust energy reserves, causing death within a matter of days.
About Author / Additional Info:
I am currently pursuing MSc in Agricultural Biotechnology from Assam Agricultural University .
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As per the estimate of the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy, over 122 million people lost their jobs in India during the month of April. The year 2020 has given the economy a very severe blow and the same is true for the professional lives of millions of people. All this has made securing a job all the way more difficult in an already competitive world.
But the implementation of the right skills and knowledge can help guide you on this rocky path. One such skill is Python. Even though Python has been around for about 30 years, it is still extremely important for the people working in the IT industry as well as for those looking for a future in it.
What is python?
By definition, python is an interpreted, high level, and general-purpose programming language. It is used for a wide variety of tasks like data analysis and visualization, machine learning, automation. Python can be used by not only software developers and engineers but also by people ranging from different disciplines like data science, data analysis, and visualization, etc. because of its beginner-friendly nature, python is used by mathematicians and scientists to perform various tasks. You can learn the python through data science with python training
What are the different applications of Python?
Python is an extremely popular language that has a number of applications such as
- Web development
- Mobile applications
- Desktop applications
- Artificial intelligence and machine learning
- Language development
- Software testing and hacking
The various reasons why python is chosen by most people to write codes are:
- Simplicity: python is a highly popular language and it is largely because of its simple nature. You can write and check a lot of codes recently.
- Beginner-friendly: people from various disciplines can use python to make their work easier and more efficient. One does not have to be a software engineer to use python.
- High–level language: python is a high-level language so it can be used easily to perform complex tasks easily.
- Cross-platform: python can be used to develop codes that work on macOS, Windows, etc.
- Multipurpose language: as mentioned above, python can be used to perform a wide range of functions.
- Community: python has been around for a very long time and there is a huge community of people who use this language. Therefore, finding a solution to an issue while programming is incredibly easy.
What are the different jobs that use python?
Python has been around for about 30 years but it is still widely used in a number of areas. Following is a brief description of the variety of jobs that an individual get after data science with python certification
- Entry-level software developer: entry-level software developers are a very good starting place for people looking forward to establishing their careers using python. Entry-level software developers work under experienced professionals and gain a lot of experience through practice.
- Quality assurance engineer: python is a must-have for a quality assurance engineer as their work revolves around testing software.
- Junior python developer: the work of junior python developer typically revolves around writing codes, integrating front end and back end interfaces, implementation of security and data protection of a website or application, etc.
- Python full stack developer: the work of a full stack python developer includes developing front and back end website architecture and infrastructure, creating servers and databases, designing and developing APIs.
- GIS analyst: the importance of python here cannot be stressed enough. Python makes the work of GIS users extremely convenient by streamlining their data analysis, getting rid of any redundancy, and much more.
- Senior python developer: the role of a senior python developer is to build efficient end features in Python, guiding and supervising the work of junior team members, supervising the process of testing and bug fixing of software.
- Data scientist: the work of a data scientist is to derive meaningful conclusions from the different structured and unstructured data they receive.
- Machine learning engineer: machine learning is extensively used in various industries ranging from manufacturing to healthcare. The work of a machine learning engineer requires extensive use of Python for various purposes.
The demand for python
Python is an integral part of the IT industry and is still immensely in demand. As a result of the versatile and dynamic nature of it, Python has become a must-have skill for anyone looking forward to a career in the IT industry.
Despite being in use for around 30 years, python is still widely used in numerous practices. Therefore, a clear and strong grasp of it is absolutely mandatory.
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Ready for Planet English
Foundations to Upper Intermediate - Common European Framework: Pre-A1 - B2
Claire Moore, Valentina M. Chen
Ready for Planet English is a course designed specifically to motivate and engage students, and to introduce them to the global dimension of the English language. Engaging texts and videos help develop critical thinking, communication and collaboration.
Ready for Planet English prepares students to communicate in English in the real world with a range of cross-cultural topics, texts and tasks.
• Practice of all four language skills.
• Grammar structures clearly presented and accurately practised.
• Authentic video material and lively situational videos to practise the communicative functions.
• Global skills and life skills integrated in the lessons.
• Recycling of all the language taught both within the units and in the revision lessons.
• Learn-to-learn and strategy boxes help students improve their language competence. Available levels in 2022: Elementary, Preintermediate and Intermediate.
Digital resources for online / blended lessons
• Digital book with all the audio and video resources.
• Extensive online resources for digital lessons downloadable from our website.
• ELi LINK App.
• Teacher’s Guide with Tests and Resources.
• 10 ten-page units.
• Grammar Reference with practical activities.
• Photographic Word Bank with activities.
• Online worksheets to integrate the 2030 Agenda goals.
• Clear layout and activities planned to make approach and study inclusive.
• Thought-provoking tasks to encourage critical and creative thinking.
• Wide variety of texts aimed at introducing global issues and topics from the English Speaking World.
• Lesson plans suited for both synchronous and asynchronous lessons.
Access digital content directly from the paper book
With ELI LINK you will be able to access all audio and video content directly from a smartphone or tablet while you are using your paper textbook.
The digital book is available on Eli Digital Hub platform.
Find out how to activate your book.
Extra Digital Resources - Student
Extra Digital Resources - Teacher
Register or log in to view additional digital contents for the teacher
Digital Edition Ready for Planet English - Intermediate Workbook
Digital EditionReady for Planet English - Intermediate Student's Book
Digital EditionReady for Planet English International Elementary – Student’s Book
Digital EditionReady for Planet English International Elementary – Workbook
Digital EditionReady for Planet English International Pre-Intermediate – Student’s Boo
Digital EditionReady for Planet English International Pre-Intermediate – Workbook
ElementaryElementary Student's Book + Digital Book + ELi LINK App
ElementaryElementary Teacher’s Book + Digital Book
Elementary Elementary Workbook + Digital Book + ELi LINK App
IntermediateIntermediate Student's Book + Digital Book + ELi LINK App
IntermediateIntermediate Teacher’s Book + Digital Book
IntermediateIntermediate Workbook + Digital Book + ELi LINK App
Pre-intermediatePre-intermediate Student's Book + Digital Book + ELi LINK App
Pre-intermediatePre-intermediate Teacher’s Book + Digital Book
Pre-intermediatePre-intermediate Workbook + Digital Book + ELi LINK App
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I recently took Oprah’s Test Your Food IQ online quiz. It is five questions about food choices, food miles, pesticides, and antibiotics in animals. Such quizzes remind me of a constant choices I make as a food consumer when I vote with my wallet. Especially in the pesticide debate.
In my Master Gardener class “Integrated Plant Management,” I learned some of the science behind pesticide classification and pesticide toxicity. Whether synthetic, natural or organic-certified – all pesticides have certain elements in common. All pesticides are selecting for resistant bugs and are tested on animals.
Pesticides kill pests. A pest is anything that has caused damage or has the ability to cause damage to agriculture (backyard gardens to 100-acre farms). Insects, mites, fungus, bacteria, plants, rodents, slugs, birds, eggs or vertebrates all fall under this umbrella – depending to whom you are speaking.
Given enough time, all of our current poisons will be obsolete because the pest population will have adapted resistance to them. Our teacher defined resistance as, “genetic selection in response to exposure to cultural, biological and chemical control methods.” This genetic development to outwit extinction is not a question of if; it is a question of when. Mother nature will work around whatever controls we think are necessary.
So that is one side of the pesticide argument – that we are breeding resistant pests. Another side of the pesticide argument is the toxicity to humans. Acute toxicity from pesticides is expressed as LD50 (lethal dose 50) or LC50 (lethal concentration 50). When scientists were testing this item (pesticide or otherwise) on animals, 50 percent of them died. LD50 values are expressed as ratio of mg/kg or ppm. The lower the LD50 the higher the toxicity. For example, sugar has a LD50 of 29,700 mg/kg and Botox has a LD50 of 0.000001 mg/kg.
Our teacher’s voice boomed across the classroom again and again throughout the class: “Chemical control is the last resort! Just because a pesticide is ‘natural’ does not mean it is safe!” We saw pictures of using fire torches to kill potato bugs in the fields (it retards the growth of the plant by a week). He talked about using boiling water to remove unwanted weeds from your driveway. We spoke about changing the expectations for what consumers will accept in the grocery store.
The key is for us, as consumers, to change our threshold for what we will buy from commercial growers. According to Oprah’s IQ test and the dirty dozen, apples have an incredible amount of pesticides – growers think no one will purchase an apple with blemishes or worms in it. I disagree; I purchased no-spray apples at the Westside Farmers Market last summer and learned to eat around the worms.
We need to shift our threshold for what we think our food should look like. As I learn more about pesticides, I certainly will.
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It should be a special day for Jamal. Following an exhibition of children’s artwork at MuCEM in Marseilles (Museum of Civilizations of Europe and the Mediterranean), the drawing he had created with the help of his friend Ahmad, made the front pages, on March 13, of one of Europe’s most important newspapers, Le Monde.
When he was asked about his drawing, Jamal said he felt sorrow and anger when he drew a picture of war-torn Syria – and he felt the same way when he was told that his drawing managed to travel to such a faraway place.
“They told Jamal the news. And he replied: I’m just drawing what the conditions here are like, and I will continue to draw what I see, that I’m in a prison,” said Hamam Widad, the boy’s mother.
“And he told them, I don’t want anything from you. Nor am I happy that my drawing has traveled to another place, while I’m still in prison.”
From regaining his self-confidence…
Jamal is a child who has spent half of the 12 years of his life on the street. When they were forced to leave his hometown of Aleppo, he was so young that he doesn’t remember when it happened − “my mom knows when” he says.
Jamal was six years old when he left Syria with his mother and two siblings, 14-year-old Hala and 8-year-old Yasif. It’s been almost two years since they arrived in Kos in an inflatable boat from Turkey. Initially, they were housed at the Reception and Identification Center of the island, which today has a capacity to host 816 people.
There, according to people who had daily contact with the family, Jamal began to find his footing: he started school at the KEDU Education Center run by the NGO Arsis, he made friends and regained his self-confidence. At that time, on the tenth anniversary of the beginning of the war in Syria, children were asked to create drawings for a competition organized by the United Nations and the UN High Commissioner for Refugees.
“The day we were asked to make drawings about the war, I did not feel well,” he later said. But his friend Ahmad, who was on the island after fleeing Palestine with his brother, asked Jamal if he would help him create a drawing.
“The way we just threw the colors on the paper made me feel much better. Syria has been destroyed now, nothing is in its place. Just like the colors in this drawing.”
…to being detained
Jamal had begun to regain confidence in his surroundings, but this was abruptly interrupted five months ago when his mother’s appeal for family reunification with their father in Germany was rejected, and they were transferred to the Pre-Departure Detention Center (PROKEKA) of the island.
“We are in a closed space that’s like a prison,” Widad told Solomon.
“We live in a container with my children and another woman who is here alone. We are not allowed to leave PROKEKA at all. The food is very bad, but we have no money and we are forced to eat what they give us, even if it is past its expiration date. Due to the conditions here, my children now suffer from psychological problems.”
Under these circumstances, Jamal gradually drifted away from the environment he had built around him.
Online classes are offered by NGO Arsis so that children in detention conditions on the island won’t completely lose contact with the school and the outside world. But when Jamal stopped attending the online classes, his mother told the teachers of the organization that her son refuses to participate “because he no longer finds any reason for it”.
“Mom, will we stay here forever?”
“It is a crime to keep children in here,” says Widad.
Her children spend most of their day in the container. They wake up in the morning, eat their breakfast, and go out to play. But without anything to do, they end up arguing with each other.
Widad says her children are scared. A few days before our telephone conversation, Macky Diabete, a 44-year-old asylum seeker from Guinea, died at PROKEKA. According to testimonies, he suffered for days in horrible pain, before dying from a bowel obstruction.
“When that man died they asked me, Mom, if you die, will we stay here forever?” Now, however, she is also afraid for her children.
“They ask me a million times if we will get out of here. Many times they tell me it would have been better if they had died in Syria than to go through all this suffering here. Other times they tell me that it’s my fault, because as their mother, I brought them here, in these circumstances,” she says.
And, she adds: “Many times I catch Jamal wanting to hurt himself to get out of here. I’m afraid. I pray to God to help us because we go to sleep depressed and wake up depressed.”
The “gray zone” of PROKEKA
The following pre-departure centers operate in Greece today − two in Attiki: Petrou Ralli and Amygdaleza; one in Corinth, Drama (Paranesti), Xanthi, Orestiada (Fylakio), Samos, and Kos.
The people living behind the barbed wire in these centers are not facing charges for any criminal offenses. The PROKEKA centers are for the administrative detention of persons: in essence, people who are not recognized as having the right to stay in the country and are held there until they are deported or, in reality, are released with a document stating that they must leave the country.
However, contrary to what is true in the penitentiary system, the operation of PROKEKA is in a gray zone.
“If, for example, there is a criminal procedure against a person, and he is a prisoner, then he serves his sentence under certain specifications, having certain rights, and knowing how long the sentence or procedure will be,” explains Achilleas Vasilikopoulos, coordinator of the NGO Arsis’ education centers.
“But in administrative detention, these conditions do not exist.”
Nobody knows how long they’ll be there
As in the case of Widad and her three children, no one in custody knows exactly how long they’ll have to remain there.
After all, the very circumstances of asylum seekers’ transfer to the detention centers differ. Currently, at the centers on the Aegean islands, for example, there are both asylum seekers who were transferred there after their application was rejected in the first instance, and others whose appeal has been rejected, such as Jamal’s mother.
But at PROKEKA, there are also people who were transferred there immediately, after their registration, that is, before a reply was even issued to their asylum request.
Greece has been repeatedly condemned by the European Court of Human Rights for the conditions prevailing in the country’s PROKEKA, which has been highlighted in reports by the European Commission for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT), the independent European body that inspects detention facilities.
At the end of March, the day after Diabete’s death at the detention center on Kos, a 27-year-old Kurdish man seeking asylum committed suicide at the detention center in Corinth. He had been there for 18 months and, believing that he would be released, was informed that his detention had been extended. Others who were in custody with him at the time, said the decisive factor was the uncertainty as “no one informs you when you will leave”.
Children deprived of access to education
The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child of 1989 is the most important document on children’s rights, and has also been a law of the Greek state for almost thirty years (Law 2101/1992).
The Convention recognizes the right of children to education and establishes the prohibition of discrimination against children. In addition, the Convention stipulates that refugee children should enjoy all the rights that other children have.
But what is outlined by the Convention is far from reality. According to a recent announcement by the “Teachers’ Initiative for the Right of Refugees and Immigrants to School,” since schools officially opened this year, most children have not attended for a single day.
On the islands in the Aegean, which host refugee populations, the situation is even worse.
Access to public education is essentially nonexistent, and school registration at the Reception and Education Centers for Refugees for this year was only just completed recently. Thus, the only alternative is ‘non-formal’ schools, such as LEDU and KEDU run by NGO Arsis on Leros and Kos.
How many children are currently detained at PROKEKA on Kos? No one seems to be able to say for sure. Solomon contacted the Ministry of Migration and Asylum as well as the Hellenic Police, asking for information about the number of children there, and the average length of stay in detention, but we did not receive a response.
“At least let us leave”
“My dreams for my children are for them to go to school, to feel like human beings, and to be safe. I want them to be able to understand people,” Hamam Widad, the mother of Jamal, told Solomon.
She herself is happy that her child’s drawing has traveled far beyond where they are. “But I would like to feel this joy and be somewhere else, not trapped here,” she says.
It remains unknown when Widad, Jamal, Hala, and Yasif will be able to live outside the barbed wire which has kept them trapped for the past five months.
The same uncertainty characterizes the future of even more people who seek refuge in Europe. In the new center on Kos, which is likely to be a closed center, construction work is progressing at a very fast pace, on a parcel of land which is far larger in relation to the existing structure.
As the construction of reception centers provides for the creation of spaces such as a restaurant and school, it is estimated that this closed center will be the exclusive residence of asylum seekers on the island.
Thus, all people who arrive in Kos and apply for asylum are expected to essentially live in detention – under the same conditions that Widad and her children are experiencing today.
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Spitsbergen Island is the largest island in the Svalbard Archipelago, Norway, in the Arctic Ocean. It is also the place chosen to host one of the seed reserves which, in the world, have the function of preserving duplicates of seeds important for biological diversity. The structure is built to withstand even the most catastrophic events that could destroy the food seed stocks held in various countries.
However, the seed reserve does not appear to be sufficient to withstand climate change. Here is what is happening.
image credit: Miksu/Wikimedia Commons
The Svalbard Seed Reserve plays a crucial role: it contains the most important food and plant seeds that guarantee biological diversity. The construction of such buildings arises from the need to give a “second chance” to the survivors of a catastrophic event, who would thus have the opportunity to restore most plant species.
The seeds are stored at a temperature of -18 ° C, under minimal oxygenation conditions to slow down the aging process. The Arctic Ocean was chosen because, in the event of a power failure, the permafrost surrounding the structure would be able to maintain rigid temperatures for a long time.
However, permafrost is at the heart of experts’ concerns, as it has already started to melt under the effect of climate change: by 2075, scientists estimate the rise in Svalbard’s temperatures at 10 ° C, contained at 7 ° C. C if the environmental measures are respected on time.
The increased heat would melt the permafrost – the land that is constantly frozen – and release large masses of methane and carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
image credit: Global Seed Vault/Wikimedia
The increase in temperatures would also increase the frequency of the rains which, in recent years, have become unusually torrential, would shorten the snow season, thus increasing the avalanches.
In the last 50 years, we have already seen a rise in temperatures of 5 ° C, which has led to the dissolution of the surface layers of the permafrost: the Svalbard database has suffered floods that threatened the protection of seeds.
Scientists are considering three options for the future: a catastrophic scenario that will occur if no environmental action is taken in time, a “medium” scenario if greenhouse gas emissions decline sharply by 2040, and a “low emissions” scenario very unlikely to date.
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Family Engagement Math Practice, Solve & Play Pack - Second Grade
Frequently Purchased Together
Family Engagement Practice, Solve & Play Pack for Second Grade is a teacher-developed supplemental curriculum product created to help your child practice and build on important skills such as adding money and counting coins, recording time, place value, solving math word problems, skip-counting, patterning, and a fun game teaching students directional language and slides, flips, and turns of shapes. Some of the fun and interactive items in this kit include a What is the Story Problem Journal, practice dry erase mats, Rock Paper Scissors Money and task cards, and a math game. The materials include both hands-on repeated practice and single-use reference materials for supporting Second Grade Math skills. The full-color Activity Guide in both English and Spanish, provides a family letter and helpful practices to aid and support your childs learning experience. The guide explains how to use each item in this Second-Grade kit, activities for taking learning further and a 30-day calendar of additional fun learning activities!
WHAT YOU GET: 1 Activity Guide in both English and Spanish, 3 double-sided dry-erase practice mats, 1 dry-erase marker, 1 What is the Story Problem Journal, 10 double-sided task and activity cards, Rock Paper Scissors Money, and 1 Sandbox, Slides, Flips & Turns Math game packaged in a durable easy-carry zip type bag with handle.
EASY TO FOLLOW: This kit comes with a 24-page, full color Activity Guide in both English and Spanish. The guide includes a family letter and helpful practices to support your childs learning experience. Families will know how to effectively use each component with your young learner, take activities further plus a 30-day calendar of additional fun learning activities!
SKILLS BASED: Each item is purposefully created to align to multiple learning standards. Skills covered include adding money and counting coins, recording time, place value, solving math word problems, skip-counting, patterning, and directional language with slides (translations), flips (reflections), and turns (rotations) of shapes.
DESIGNED BY TEACHERS: All content in this kit was designed and written by teachers! Really Good Stuff has teacher product developers who have real-world classroom experience. All kit components and activities are teacher approved.
REUSABLE MATERIALS: Many items in this kit are reusable, offering your child repeated practice and learning with these materials for years to come!
HANDS-ON PRACTICE: Students learn best by doing. Our kit includes hands-on learning to strengthen skills. Everything you need is included, even a dry erase marker!
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How to Solve Issues With gardenia august beauty
the gardenia is a flower that is considered to be the most beautiful flower, and the most delicate. The gardenia is a native species to Asia. It is also the most popular species of gardenia, a genus of more than 30 species. It is native to the Asian and Pacific areas, but is currently found in many other places, including the Americas. The gardenia is considered to be the most fragile, fragile, and delicate flower.
The gardenia is native to Asia. It was introduced to the United States in the 1800s and has been a popular landscape plant ever since. Gardenia also has many other names, including the gardenia ‘golden’ and ‘lilac’. Most of the gardenia’s beauty comes from its ability to survive the harshest of tropical conditions. Gardenia is resistant to drought, heat, and frost.
One of the most difficult problems gardenias face is that it blooms in the height of summer when there is very little sunshine. It blooms best from late May to June, but it can be found from mid-April through June. The best time to plant gardenias is from mid-April through mid-June. The best time to water is when there is light, but not too much when the gardenia is in its bloom stage.
Gardenia is an annual plant and although some other annuals like aloe are more suited to our climate, gardenia is easy to grow, and you can keep it for years if you keep it well watered. Its great for attracting bees, butterflies, hummingbirds, and other pollinators.
This time of year my gardenia grows so tall that we hardly ever see it at all. But when it does appear, we look like a little kid who just found a bunch of giant marbles in the bottom of his shoe.
The gardenia is a large, evergreen shrub or tree. Its leaves are green, but when it blooms they turn yellow, which is the color of the flowers. This plant is so tall that the leaves don’t reach the ground until it is close to the ground. The plant’s flowers are small, but they are sweet smelling, and the plant produces seeds. The seeds are a good source of nutrients for the plant in the spring for it to bloom.
The gardenia august beauty is a plant that grows in parts of the United States, Asia, and the Mediterranean Sea. It is considered to be one of the most beautiful and unique types of plants. It has a sweet, delicate fragrance that is very similar to the aroma of roses. The flowers of the fruit are small, and are used to make tarts.
It’s an attractive plant, with many varieties, and the gardenia august beauty is one of them. It is easy to grow and it is hardy to the point that it’s commonly used in gardens and as a houseplant. The best thing about the gardenia august beauty is that you don’t have to buy it as a plant; it can be grown from seeds.
The gardenia august beauty is so beautiful that it can be used in its own perfume. So if you want to make your home or office smell really good, you can simply soak the seeds in a bottle of the gardenia august beauty and you’ll get the aroma of the gardenia august beauty.
It’s not a houseplant, but some gardenias are just so beautiful that they deserve a home just for them. The best place to grow gardenia is in the wild, of course, and this one is found in the wild just north of the U.K. It grows in a wide range of conditions from the desert to the rainforest.
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Law Discussion 4
Discuss the following:
- Given your understanding of the chapter reading on contract law, identify and explain the requirements and elements for a valid contract. Legally how is a contract formed and what are some similarities and differences between common law contracts versus the Uniform Commercial Code. Why is it important to distinguish and identify which applies when making business decisions?
- Using the NEXIS-Uni Legal Research Database, find and provide one breach of contract case example within the last five years in your home state. Be sure to explain the facts of the case, the parties to the lawsuit, the dispute, and the outcome and remedies provided by the court. Provide whether you agreed with the court’s decision or not. Nexis-Uni link: https://libdatab.strayer.edu/login?url=https://www.nexisuni.com
Be sure to respond to at least one of your classmates’ posts.
Please be sure answers are researched, informed, and substantiated by citing sources used at the bottom of your discussion post. See the Strayer Writing Standards link in BB for help following citation requirements.
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Madison and Deliberative Democracy
Rebecca Burgess writes at The Weekly Standard:
We are marvelously up-to-date but hardly well-informed. This is especially true when it comes to our particular constitutional form of government: knowing the branches of government (legislative, executive, judicial), by whom their powers are to be exercised, and, crucially, how they are to be exercised.
Madison, in company with other statesmen of his generation, thought it particularly important—vital, actually—that a self-governing people be conversant in this kind of political talk. He famously summed this up in an 1822 letter to W. T. Barry:
A popular Government, without popular information, or the means of acquiring it, is but a Prologue to a Farce or a Tragedy; or, perhaps both. Knowledge will forever govern ignorance: And a people who mean to be their own Governors, must arm themselves with the power which knowledge gives.
Mere information about government (what now is often reduced to cries for "transparency!") was only the baseline of what Madison had in mind. His intellectual dance around the issue of a bill of rights displays better how Madison connected popular opinion, political knowledge, and self-government premised on the preservation of rights (the first purpose of government, according to the Declaration of Independence).
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Unlike previous bulletin boards on this blog, there are no exact dimensions, colors, materials, etc.for this bulletin board on Prayer which was used in a Vacation Bible School a few years back. The message on today's blog is how to create a friendly, inviting, yet biblical environment that is clearly understood by all.
Perhaps, the first step is to choose a theme for your classroom and to think about how many boards it would take to support that theme. This is a pretty easy task for a Vacation Bible School since a typical Vacation Bible School has five main thoughts, one lesson for each day of the week. In this example, "Prayer" was the chosen as the VBS theme for this classroom. There were five main lessons to support that theme. For example, the lessons below were selected to enlarge the thought of Prayer:
- "I can pray...like Jesus"
- "I can pray...to say Thank You"
- "I can pray...when I need help"
- "I can pray...for others"
- "I can pray...and God hears me"
The hard part may be in thinking up a visual aid or 'picture' for an abstract idea. Here, the first lesson was not difficult: Jesus was created on bended knee in the Garden of Gethsemane. Crumpling paper and folding leaves in half can add a nice 3-D effect.
The second board, too, was easier than others by displaying items for which we can be thankful, i.e. flowers, food, rain, home and family,safety, and good health (yes, those are band-aids and Advil sharing space beside a copy of Norman Rockwells' Doctor and the Doll). Here, 'real' items are used to create interest, such as cotton, empty food containers, silk flowers, etc.
The next lesson was a little more abstract. Thinking like a child, thunder and lightning might be a fear they might share with this bulletin board. Again, 'real' items are used, i.e. pajama top, small blanket, cotton for the cloud, and small stuffed animal. By creating interesting bulletin boards, children are drawn into a lesson that could be very plain.
By using a world map and paper-doll children from different countries, the students understand that praying for others may include people in faraway countries, not only their own family and friends. Others in difficult situations away from home may also need their prayers. On the bulletin board below, the 'children' were purchased at a school supply store and the map was bought at a grocery store.
The last lesson for the last day of Vacation Bible School was perhaps the hardest for this Bible teacher. After much thought, a shiny mylar material was chosen for the children's faces in which different-sized VBS students could see their own reflections and was a good visual aid for this topic. Cotton, cellophane, layered butcher paper grass and store-bought butterflies completed the board.
These ideas can be easily applied to any subject. We have just finished our study on Joshua. We could have chosen five or six main lessons and applied this same thinking to our walls.
Is it work? Yes! Is it worth it? YES! The environment that you create in your classroom can last in the memories of small children for a lifetime! Don't be afraid to think out of the box...but remember to keep it biblical. Always have book, chapter, and verse for everything in your room. Keep up the good work!
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(Editor's note — This post is the second in the three-part series: Tips for New Translators.)
Foundations of Translation was my first course in the Translations Studies program at the University of Denver. It was pure theory and it wasn't easy for me to fully grasp some of the material. As a hands-on person, I prefer to resolve translations through reference material, online resources, and parallel texts. However, translating can be simpler if we are able to understand and apply the techniques offered by these theories.
To implement translation techniques, it is important to understand metalanguage — the language used to talk about language. Metalanguage consists of words or symbols used to describe other words, such as the parts of speech (noun, verb, adjective, etc.) as well as a synonym, antonym, hyponym, and hypernymy.
One of the first things Laura Vidal, my editor, told me was to look at the part of speech of the word that I'm having difficulty translating. Is it a noun, an adjective? As we know, one word can have several meanings. Take “press”. It can mean “to push”, a verb or “news media”, a noun. Looking at the part of speech can give us clues about its meaning and narrow the range of accurate possibilities.
While researching for this post, I found this informative video that summarizes the basic functions of metalanguage. It explains that there are three levels of metalanguage: sub-sentential (or sub-sentence), sentential and suprasentential.
At the sub-sentential level, in addition to parts of speech (or word class), three criteria exist: semantic, structural and functional. Semantic looks at the word in its context (the subject of the earlier post). Structural refers to the form of the word; and functional, the purpose of a word.
Next, at the sentential, one analyzes the mood, which conveys the speaker's attitude. Is it declarative, interrogative, imperative, exclamatory or subjunctive?
Finally, at the suprasentential level, cohesion, register, tenor and mode are considered. Cohesion is how ideas stick together; register, the formality of the language; tenor, the relationship of the participants; and mode, the medium of communication.
One of the required readings for the Foundations of Translation course was Memes of Translation: The spread of ideas in translation theory, by Andrew Chesterman. This book offers many useful translation techniques and strategies that I put into practice during my time at GV. For example, some semantic strategies I constantly employed:
- Synonymy — to avoid repetition selects not the “obvious” equivalent but a synonym or near-synonym, e.g., work vs job, duty or labor.
- Antonymy — the selection of an antonym combined with a negation element, e.g., It is hot. vs It is not cold.
- Hyponymy or Hypernymy (super-ordinate) — from a specific word to a more general one or vice versa, e.g., from chair to furniture or furniture to chair.
Ordering text by ideas rather than phrases
In the “Hangout Latin American Summit 2015“, Lingua Manager Mohmad ElGohary said, “The best translation doesn't look like a translation.” The same skills used to write well are also used when translating because translating is writing! Therefore, how the destiny text is organized is key to making our translations clear and enjoyable for the reader.
When translating from Spanish to English, which is my case, the ordering of text by ideas rather than the phrases of the original document is a useful strategy. Phrases in Spanish tend to be longer and more intricate. In fact, English translations of Spanish texts contain 30 percent fewer words. So, it is not surprising when one must completely work an entire paragraph to craft the smoothest translation — one that doesn't look like a translation!
Laura emailed me this example of how order and context play a paramount role in translation. The following is Laura's words:
The original subheadline was: Controversias en medios nuevos y tradicionales.
The translator wrote: Controversies in new and traditional media.
I changed it to Controversies in mainstream and social media.
The translation is technically correct, but there are certain details. Yes, “traditional” means traditional, but I meant the media as we know it, the powerful, the organized. In the language of media, news, and GV, this would be known as “mainstream media”. Regarding “new media”, it is indeed a concept among those studying the Internet, but it's unclear for someone reading these things.
Also, I felt that the position of “new” for new media erased the fact that the controversies took place on the Internet.
I think the order of things is also something to observe. Changing positions puts light on both issues. The musicality and the order of the phrase should change for the reader not to miss that things happened on the social media side and the mainstream media side.
The stylistics in Spanish and English, regarding punctuation, can differ quite a bit. You'll see that some texts have been translated expressing the same idea, but with very different use of punctuation. Sometimes even the musicality of the language you're translating to asks you to move away from the original.
Translation is a beautiful craft. And the translator, someone who has the privilege and the duty to connect not only two languages, but many worlds trying to look at each other through those languages. You're the bridge between two points, but you'll be connecting more than two distant places: Think of all the different Spanish speakers and all the different English speakers…let alone those who speak those as second languages.
I will wrap up this post with another great piece of advice from Laura:
More experience and reading will definitely help develop this sort of linguistic intuition. This skill tends to catch and avoid inaccurate translations that can occur when one stays a bit too close to the structures of the original text.
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Table of Contents
Tanzania is a country in East Africa known primarily for its rich, ancient fossils and its large ethnic diversity. It borders a variety of African countries as well as the Indian Ocean and the Comoro Islands to the east. It is home to around 57 million people.
See the fact file below for more information on the Tanzania or alternatively, you can download our 20-page Tanzania worksheet pack to utilise within the classroom or home environment.
Key Facts & Information
HISTORY OF TANZANIA
- Tanzania is home to some of the oldest hominid (family of primates including modern humans) settlements on the planet.
- The area known as the “Cradle of Mankind” (found in northern Tanzania in the Olduvai Gorge) is home to prehistoric fossils and stone tools, including Acheulian stone tools (hand axes associated with homo erectus and homo heidelbergensis species).
- A prominent archaeologist who spent time in Tanzania was Louis Leakey, pictured right.
- In 1959, a near-complete skull of an early hominid called “Eastern Man” was found in the gorge by Mary Leakey, Louis’ wife. It was thought to be over 1.8 million years old.
- Later in 1978, Mary discovered the oldest known hominid footprints nearby in Laetoli, and these were an estimated 3.6 million years old.
- Other fossils from the Early Stone Age have been uncovered in the area, and are estimated to be 3.6 – 3.8 million years old.
- The Mumba Cave in northern Tanzania has been known to hold old fossils as well as evidence of modern human behaviour between the Middle Stone Age and the Later Stone Age.
- Historians believe Tanzania was populated with hunter-gatherer communities between 4,000 to 3,000 years ago.
- From there, there were several waves of Migration to Tanzania by people within Africa, such as from Somalia and Ethiopia, and Bantu-speaking people from West Africa, and from further beyond, such as Greece, Rome, Phoenicia, Arabia, Persia, and India, up until the 15th century. These migrations brought skills such as ironworking, agriculture, and political organization.
GEOGRAPHY OF TANZANIA
- Tanzania is the 13th largest country in Africa by size; within it are several lakes, parks, mountains, grasslands, and volcanoes.
- Mount Kilimanjaro (Africa’s highest point) is located here as well.
- Tanzania is also home to the Great Rift Valley, large salt lakes, several conservation areas and parks, the Serengeti National Park, Lake Victoria, and the Olduvai Gorge.
- Tanzania has an equatorial climate with lots of variations due to the topography of the country.
- Nearly 40% of Tanzania’s land is protected for conservation purposes – this includes 16 national parks, one of which being the site of Jane
Goodall’s ongoing study of chimpanzee behaviour, which began in 1960.
- Tanzania has been deemed as having the “finest safari…and wildlife found anywhere on the planet” and includes species such as a variety of primates, giraffes, lions, flamingoes, zebras, buffalo, hippos, impala,
elephants, thousands of bird species, cheetahs, hyenas, antelope, and many more; some estimates say that there are 430 species living in Tanzania, with over four million animals!
- Due to the abundance of lakes and rivers, a variety of plant life can be seen in Tanzania as well, including coconuts, bananas, citrus, and cloves within the 10 types of soils in the country.
CULTURE AND ECONOMY OF TANZANIA
- Tanzania’s economy is largely based on agriculture and agricultural production; about ⅖ of the country’s population is engaged in some form of agricultural work.
- The major crops grown in Tanzania are corn, rice, sorghum, bananas, sweet potatoes, potatoes, and wheat; this list also includes coffee, cotton, cashew nuts, tea, and tobacco.
- Following economic and trade issues in the 1980s, Tanzania has continued to implement measures to create a mixed economy and reduce the prevalence of unofficial markets and smuggling.
- Tanzania’s mines are filled with diamonds, gold, kaolin, and various gemstones as well as large deposits of coal in the southwest part of the country.
- The principal industries in Tanzania include food processing, cigarette production, and textiles; the country mostly exports gold, coffee, cashew nuts, and cotton.
- Tanzania has a multiethnic and multiracial population with a variety of traditions and customs.
- Many unique features have been recognized as UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
- Folktales, poems, and songs are mainly sung or spoken; books are expensive and hard to find in Tanzania.
- Football is very popular in Tanzania; other popular sports include basketball, boxing, volleyball, and rugby.
- The cuisine in Tanzania varies by region; popular snacks include coconut bars, samosa, and kebab, and staple foods in the country include rice, grilled meat, porridge, fish, and cassava.
- A lot of Tanzanian cuisine has been influenced by Indian cuisine due to large communities of Indians migrating to Tanzania.
This is a fantastic bundle which includes everything you need to know about the Tanzania across 20 in-depth pages. These are ready-to-use Tanzania worksheets that are perfect for teaching students about the Tanzania which is a country in East Africa known primarily for its rich, ancient fossils and its large ethnic diversity. It borders a variety of African countries as well as the Indian Ocean and the Comoro Islands to the east. It is home to around 57 million people.
Complete List Of Included Worksheets
- Tanzania Facts
- Spotlight on: The Leakeys
- The Bantu Expansion
- Wildlife Collage
- Tanzania Wordsearch
- The Cuisine of Tanzania
- Animal Comparison
- Tanzania’s Contemporary History
- Tanzania Crossword
- Tingatinga Art
- Opinion Piece
Link/cite this page
If you reference any of the content on this page on your own website, please use the code below to cite this page as the original source.
Link will appear as Tanzania Facts & Worksheets: https://kidskonnect.com - KidsKonnect, May 4, 2020
Use With Any Curriculum
These worksheets have been specifically designed for use with any international curriculum. You can use these worksheets as-is, or edit them using Google Slides to make them more specific to your own student ability levels and curriculum standards.
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- The housing sector uses 40 per cent of the planet’s total resources and represents more than a third of global greenhouse gas emissions.
- Constructed primarily from locally-sourced, bio-based renewable materials, the module is efficient, multi-functional and engineered to operate independently.
New York, 09 July 2018 – UN Environment and Yale University in collaboration with UN Habitat today unveiled a new eco-housing module, to spark public discussion and new ideas on how sustainable design can provide decent, affordable housing while limiting the overuse of natural resources and climate change.
The 22-square-meter “tiny house” is fully powered by renewable energy and designed to test the potential for minimizing the use of natural resources such as water.
The Ecological Living Module – unveiled during the United Nations High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development – is constructed primarily from locally-sourced, bio-based renewable materials.
UN Environment’s collaborator, the Yale Center for Ecosystems in Architecture, worked with Gray Organschi Architecture to design, fabricate and install the Ecological Living Module. The unit is efficient and multi-functional, accommodating up to four people, serving both domestic and commercial purposes.
“We clearly need more housing, but the key thing is that we also need smarter housing” said UN Environment Head, Erik Solheim. “The housing sector uses 40 per cent of the planet’s total resources and represents more than a third of global greenhouse gas emissions. So making them more efficient will benefit everyone, and it’ll mean lower bills too. Innovations like the Ecological Living Module are what we need more of.”
“Adequate housing is at the heart of sustainable urbanisation” said UN-Habitat Executive Director, Ms. Maimunah Mohd Sharif. “The use of proper building materials, better planning and improved construction techniques can make energy use in buildings more efficient. If adopted widely, this practice can create jobs and prosperity with lower greenhouse gas emissions.”
Engineered to operate independently, the module’s built-in systems include solar energy generation using less than 1 percent of toxic semiconductor materials, on-site water collection, micro agricultural infrastructure, natural daylighting, plant-based air purification, passive cross-ventilation, and a range of flexible, adaptable components for living and working.
Around one billion people worldwide currently live in informal settlements, while millions more live in buildings that are not environmentally friendly. Rapid urbanization and economic growth challenge communities to sustainably expand capacity, heightening the need for innovation in building systems and infrastructure.
“Architecture must address the global housing challenge by integrating critically needed scientific and technical advances in energy, water, and material systems while remaining sensitive to the cultural and aesthetic aspirations of different regions,” said Deborah Berke, Dean of the Yale School of Architecture.
The first demonstration unit, located in the UN Plaza in New York City, from July 9-18, contains features relevant to the local climate and context of New York. Future iterations of the module – including one in Kenya, the home of UN Environment – will respond specifically to local climatic and cultural contexts.
NOTES TO EDITORS
Download the technical specifications to find out more about the module and the exhibition at: https://we.tl/I4DQc3dR0r
About UN Environment:
UN Environment is the leading global voice on the environment. It provides leadership and encourages partnership in caring for the environment by inspiring, informing, and enabling nations and peoples to improve their quality of life without compromising that of future generations. UN Environment works with governments, the private sector, civil society and with other UN entities and international organizations across the world.
About Yale Center for Ecosystems in Architecture:
The Center for Ecosystems in Architecture (CEA), founded by Anna Dyson, is a multidisciplinary research venture led by the Yale Schools of Architecture, Forestry & Environmental Studies, to develop transformative systems for the Built Environment. Alongside our partners in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) Industry, CEA seeks to address the complexity of transitioning global construction patterns by bringing together deep expertise of current practices with radically new socio-economic and technical approaches. We prioritize the requirements of living ecosystems towards buildings and cities that support biodiversity with an integrated approach to clean energy, water, air and material life cycles
UN-Habitat is the United Nations programme working towards a better urban future. Its mission is to promote socially and environmentally sustainable human settlements development and the achievement of adequate shelter for all.
For media inquiries, please contact:
Keith Weller, Head of News and Media, UN Environment keith.weller[at]un.org
Hind Wildman, Yale Center for Ecosystems in Architecture, Director of Communications and Research Development, hind.wildman[at]yale.edu
AJ Artemel, Yale School of Architecture, Director of Communications, alijohnpierre.artemel[at]yale.edu
Susannah Price, UN-Habitat Communication Advisor, sprice[at]unicef.org
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Pulp Fusion is a process and a material recipe elaborated over two and a half years and about three hundred tests. Pulp Fusion enabled the Paper Chair project and other furniture.
Mostly made out of recycled paper, the objects produced using Pulp Fusion are beautiful, solid and resistant but they would also collapse if left outside during a winter. The designs would collapse and start to compost during rain falls while the sleeping seeds hidden inside their bodies would bloom in spring. Flowers, trees, of pioneering species would grow from the remains of the designs.
Engineered in opposite to plastic chairs that pollute the world, the Pulp Fusion Paper Chair is re-greening the environment if trashed.
Made using a completely cold process that needs only material from the close environment, the Pulp Fusion furniture can be done at home by population with scarce resources, for who it becomes a good source of revenue. The production can be done discreetly, without a plant, with an extremely limited carbon footprint.
All ingredients are mixed thoroughly into a paste which is spread on the mould, drying process is natural under the sun.
Information submitted by the maker and edited by the Future Materials Bank.
Recycled paper, flour, water, seed, nutrient
Guillaume Credoz, Phillipine Harb, Shant Chillirjian, Shant Antaynilian, Laetitia jbeily
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Note: The level of severity is relative to the scale of the event in relation to the context it is taking place. For instance, the Haiti Earthquake of 2010 has a high severity in terms of its impact on the Haitian economy. On the global scale, its severity is much more limited.
Supply chains can be subject to natural and anthropogenic disruptions that have an impact on their scale and scope. It is challenging to classify disparate events, particularly their severity. Some notable supply chain disruptions include:
- The Sendai eathquake and tsunami of 2011 impacted the production of car components, including electronics, resulting in assembly line disruptions accross the world.
- A local event, floods in the Tchao Phrya river around Bangkok disrupted a quarter of the global hard drive production, impacting personal computer manufacturers, distributors and retailers.
- In 2017, Hurricane Harvey landfall in Texas and Louisiana, distrupting major petrochamical clusters and the provision of plastics.
A global event such as the Covid-19 pandemic has multifaceted impacts that are much more complex to assess than a single event.
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Today, 90% of all data breaches are the result of a phishing attack. A recent study by Google revealed that phishing attacks are the main cause of compromised online accounts. The study was conducted over a one-year period from March 2016 to March 2017. During this time, 1.9 billion user accounts were exposed due to phishing and data breaches.
What is phishing?
Phishing is a fraudulent act in which a scammer steals private and sensitive information such as credit card numbers, account usernames, and passwords. The criminal uses a complex set of social engineering and computer programming strategies to lure email recipients and Web visitors into believing that a spoofed website is legitimate. The phishing victim later realizes that their personal identity and other confidential data was stolen.
How does the scammer succeed?
Phishing succeeds when a cybercriminal uses fraudulent emails or texts, and counterfeit websites to get you to share your personal or business information like your login passwords, Social Security Number or account numbers. They do this to rob you of your identity and steal your money.
Phishing emails are typically crafted to deliver a sense of urgency and importance. The message within these emails often appears to be from the government, a bank or a major corporation and can include realistic-looking logos and branding.
The scammer will typically insist that you click on a link in an email or reply with confidential information to verify an account. They may also attempt to install ransomware on your computer that will lock you out of your files until you pay a fee.
Why do people follow their instructions?
Scammers present themselves as trusted individuals by pretending to be an authority figure in your business, the government, or even friends or family members. They may try to trick you into believing they’re from the IRS and urge that your bank account will be frozen unless you provide confidential information.
How do you protect your business from phishing?
The best way to defend your business is to train your employees to recognize phishing emails so that they don’t click on them. You should do this with ongoing Security Awareness Training conducted by a professional IT Managed Services Provider (MSP).
Ensure that all new employees receive this training as a part of their orientation and that everyone receives further training twice a year, so they’re informed about the latest phishing threats
So you plan to schedule Security Awareness Training for your employees – but what can you do in the meantime?
Be sure that your employees scrutinize all emails and text messages by doing the following:
- Be wary of malicious attachments in email messages. They may contain malware that can infect their computer.
- Check to see who the real sender of the message is. The company name in the “From” field should match the address. Also, watch for addresses that contain typographical errors like “firstname.lastname@example.org.”
- Look closely at the salutation in the message. If they spell their name wrong or use an impersonal greeting like, “Dear Ma’am” this could be a phishing attempt.
- Hover over the URL in the email to view the full address. If you don’t recognize it, or if all the URLs in the email are the same, this is probably a phishing threat. Also, make sure that you and your employees know that all reputable URLs now start with https rather than http.
- Check the footer in the message. It should include both the physical address of the sender and an unsubscribe button.
- If a user isn’t sure if the company in the email is legitimate, they should call the number that they know is correct (not the one in the email) and ask a customer representative about the request in the email.
- Make sure your employees are using Two-Factor Authentication whenever possible. This requires an additional piece of information (a code or token) that’s generated and sent to their phone or email address. They must use the code or token to log in to the account, which will protect the account even if their password was stolen.
- Tell them not to click on any links, attachments or phone numbers in emails or text messages. These may contain a virus or be redirected to a fake website where a virus is downloaded. If they want to visit a site, they should key in the web address or phone number that they know is legitimate.
- If there’s any doubt, they should just delete the message. If the message was from a genuine source, they will try to contact them another way.
What else can you do to protect your confidential business information?
Always back up your files to an external hard drive or cloud storage. It’s best to use a comprehensive solution with remote, offsite backup and data recovery services to ensure your business information is safe no matter what. Your MSP can provide this for you.
Also be sure to keep your security solutions up to date. Ask your IT MSP about Email and Spam Protection, which offers:
- Anti-Spam, Anti-Virus and Anti-Malware solutions that scan incoming mail, and block spam, malware, and phishing attempts.
- Firewall Management that determines if an address that’s trying to connect to your computer is one you can trust. If not, it denies access.
- Outbound Mail Scanning so if one of your computers is infected with a virus, your outgoing mail services aren’t compromised. This is important because it will keep your company off spam lists and blacklist
How do you report phishing scams?
Be sure to tell your employees to let you know if they receive any phishing emails. Then forward the email with the full email header to email@example.com. You can also file a complaint with the Federal Trade Commission (FTC).
Plus, be sure to check for the most recent scam alerts at The Federal Trade Commission’s SCAM ALERT page at https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/scam-alerts
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The last image puts it all in perspective.
Compared to what we find in our Solar System, galaxies are truly enormous.
The Sun may be 109 times the diameter of Earth, but the Earth-Sun distance is over 100 times larger than the Sun’s diameter; the distance to Voyager 1 or 2 is ~100 times larger than the Earth-Sun distance; the Oort Cloud’s density peaks ~100 times farther away than Voyager 2, and the distance to the nearest stars are ~100 times farther away than even that. (NASA / JPL-CALTECH)
The smallest known galaxy is
Segue 2, with only about ~1000 stars inside.
Only approximately 1000 stars are present in the entirety of the smallest dwarf galaxies such as Segue 1, 2, and 3. Gravitationally, the masses of these galaxies can be estimated at around 550,000–600,000 Suns. The stars making up the dwarf satellite Segue 1 are circled here. These galaxies have the largest dark matter-to-normal matter ratios known. (MARLA GEHA AND KECK OBSERVATORIES)
These stars are spread out over ~500 light-years: billions of times the physical size of any individual star.
Globular clusters, like Omega Centauri, have some of the highest stellar densities ever observed. Through a modest telescope, they appear like dense fuzzy balls of light. But if we take a very sharp, high-resolution photo, such as with Hubble, we can find that even in these densest regions, there are still only a few hundred stars, at most, within each cubic light year. (NASA, ESA, AND THE HUBBLE SM4 ERO TEAM)
Galaxies can get much larger, but many “
relative size” depictions are inaccurate.
A common image showing relative sizes (incorrectly) for a number of galaxies. Andromeda is too large for the Milky Way; M87 is too small for Andromeda; IC 1101 is way too small compared to M87. When it comes to comprehending distance scales, it’s vital to not share misleading images. (ASTRO BOB / BOB KING / DULUTH NEWS TRIBUTE)
Our own Milky Way, typical of modern spirals, is slightly over 100,000 light-years across.
From inside our Milky Way, we cannot get a good picture. Here, the Southern Pinwheel Galaxy, M83, shares many features with our own galaxy. It has spiral arms, new star formation, a central bulge and bar, and arms and spurs shooting off of the central structure. Unlike our Milky Way, however, the Southern Pinwheel Galaxy is only about ~27,000 light-years in radius: about half that of the Milky Way. (GÁBOR TÓTH / CC BY-NC-ND / ASTRO.I-NET.HU)
is roughly double ours: 220,000 light-years.
The Andromeda galaxy (M31), as imaged from a ground-based telescope with multiple filters and reconstructed to show a colorized portrait. Compared to the Milky Way, Andromeda is significantly larger in extent, with a diameter that’s approximately 220,000 light-years: comparable to double the Milky Way’s size. If the Milky Way were shown superimposed atop Andromeda, its stellar disk would end roughly where Andromeda’s dust lanes appear darkest. (ADAM EVANS / CC-BY-2.0)
But interacting galaxies can become tidally disrupted, vastly increasing their extent.
The Tadpole Galaxy, shown here, has an enormous tail to it: evidence of tidal interactions. The gas that’s stripped out of one galaxy gets stretched into a long, thin strand, which contracts under its own gravity to form stars. The mail galactic element itself is comparable to the scale of the Milky Way, but the tidal stream alone is some ~280,000 light-years long: more than twice as large as our Milky Way’s estimated size. (NASA, H. FORD (JHU), G. ILLINGWORTH (USCS/LO), M. CLAMPIN (STSCI), G. HARTIG (STSCI), THE ACS SCIENCE TEAM, AND ESA)
Tadpole galaxy’s tail alone is 280,000 light-years long.
This galaxy, UGC 2885, also known as Rubin’s galaxy, is the largest spiral galaxy ever discovered at approximately 800,000 light-years in diameter. It has approximately 10 times as many stars as the Milky Way inside of it. It is truly a G.O.U.S.: a galaxy of unusual size. (NASA, ESA, AND B. HOLWERDA (UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE))
UGC 2885 is our largest spiral: 832,000 light-years in extent.
The low-surface-brightness galaxy UGC 2885 is severely gravitationally disrupted. At an estimated 832,000 light-years across, it is arguably the largest known spiral galaxy, although its tidal arms and distorted shape are likely temporary on cosmic timescales. (KITT PEAK / ZAGURSKY & MCGAUGH, 2008)
Elliptical galaxies, however, are the largest galaxies of all.
A selection of approximately 2% of the galaxies in the Virgo cluster. There are approximately 1,000 large galaxies in the Virgo cluster, a large fraction of which were discovered way back in the 18th century. The Virgo cluster is located some 50–60 million light-years away from our Milky Way, and is the largest concentration of galaxies in the extremely nearby Universe, containing many giant ellipticals. (JOHN BOWLES OF FLICKR)
Messier 87, the Virgo supercluster’s largest galaxy, is 980,000 light-years across.
Located approximately 55 million light-years from Earth, the galaxy M87 contains an enormous relativistic jet, as well as outflows that show up in both the radio and X-ray. This optical image showcases a jet; we now know, from the Event Horizon Telescope, that the rotation axis of the black hole points away from Earth, tilted at about 17 degrees. (ESO)
The Coma Cluster’s biggest,
NGC 4889, spans 1,300,000 light-years in diameter.
The two bright, large galaxies at the center of the Coma Cluster, NGC 4889 (left) and the slightly smaller NGC 4874 (right), each exceed a million light years in size. But the galaxies on the outskirts, zipping around so rapidly, point to the existence of a large halo of dark matter throughout the entire cluster. The mass of the normal matter alone is insufficient to explain this bound structure. (ADAM BLOCK/MOUNT LEMMON SKYCENTER/UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA)
Meanwhile, the Phoenix Cluster’s brightest central galaxy measures 2.2 million light-years across.
The brightest cluster galaxy of the Phoenix cluster, shown at left from the South Pole Telescope and at right from Blanco/MOSAIC-II optical/infrared imagery, is one of the largest galaxies of all, still rapidly forming stars at hundreds of times the rate of our own Milky Way. (R. WILLIAMSON ET AL., ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL 738(2):139 · AUGUST 2011)
But the biggest one of all? That’s
The giant galaxy cluster, Abell 2029, houses galaxy IC 1101 at its core. At 5.5 million light years across, over 100 trillion stars and the mass of nearly a quadrillion suns, it’s the largest known galaxy of all. As massive and impressive as this galaxy cluster is, it’s unfortunately difficult for the Universe to make something significantly larger owing to its finite age and the presence of dark energy. (DIGITIZED SKY SURVEY 2, NASA)
Half the light is contained within a 2 million light-year central radius.
This image shows a gravitational lensing map overlaid atop cluster Abell 2029. At the center of Abell 2029, the largest known galaxy in the Universe, IC 1101, can be seen. Although its half-light radius, or the radius within which half of the arriving light comes from, is ~2 million light-years, the full visible diameter of the galaxy ranges from 5.5 to 6 million light-years. (J. MCCLEARY ET AL., APJ, 893, 1, 8 (2020))
Its full span is 5.5 million light-years across: nearly double the Local Group’s full extent.
Our Local Group of galaxies is dominated by Andromeda and the Milky Way, there is debate over which one dominates in terms of gravitation. While Andromeda appears to be larger in physical extent and have more stars, it may yet be less massive than we are. If the galaxy IC 1101 were shown next to our Local Group, it would be comparable to the size of this image in its full extent (ANDREW Z. COLVIN)
The true relative size differences highlight galactic diversity.
Composite of galaxies from the smallest to the largest, shown (approximately) actual size. The giant elliptical galaxy at the heart of cluster Abell 2029, IC 1101, is the largest known galaxy in the Universe. It is much, much larger than the Milky Way or Andromeda (or any spiral galaxy), but also dwarfs even other typical giant ellipticals. (E. SIEGEL)
Mostly Mute Monday tells an astronomical story in images, visuals, and no more than 200 words. Talk less; smile more.
Starts With A Bang is written by Ethan Siegel , Ph.D., author of Beyond The Galaxy , and Treknology: The Science of Star Trek from Tricorders to Warp Drive .
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Bipartisan law pushes use of drones for fighting wildfires
Editor’s note: This story has been updated to reflect the signing of the bill into law.
President Trump signed a bipartisan bill into law Tuesday that pushes federal agencies to explore increased use of drones in managing and fighting wildfires.
Among many other things, the John D. Dingell, Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act directs the secretary of the Department of the Interior to set up or expand a “research, development, and testing program” to examine the use of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS, or drones) “across the full range of wildland fire management operations.” Now that the bill is law, Interior will have just six months to get the program up and running.
The goal of the program is to “develop consistent protocols and plans for the use on wildland fires of unmanned aircraft system technologies, including for the development of real-time maps of the location of wildland fires.” To do this, DOI and the U.S. Department of Agriculture will need to collaborate with the Federal Aviation Administration, given its oversight of the national airspace, and with state-level fire agencies on their needs and requirements.
Per Tara Stearman, a senior unmanned systems analyst at PropelUAS, the bill is “a really exciting opportunity.” Specifically, she told FedScoop, it represents the first mandated inter-agency collaboration on drones, and she’s excited to see what the combination of USDA wildfire expertise and DOI’s excitement about using drones will yield. Firefighting is a particularly high-impact use case too, she said. “This can serve the entire country.”
However, she warned that six months is a “short period of time” in which to set up a true inter-agency collaboration. DOI and USDA will need to keep very “clear lines of communication” for the opportunity to meet its full potential.
The drone testing program isn’t the only tech modernization initiative included in the bill. The legislation also directs the secretaries of USDA and DOI, with the help of state firefighting agencies, to “develop and operate a tracking system to remotely locate the positions of fire resources.”
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1.___________ The successful functioning of children who have experienced the surgical removal of an entire cerebral hemisphere best illustrates the value of:
B. reward deficiency syndrome. C. plasticity.
D. neural networks.
2.___________ Who would have been most likely to claim that a slight protrusion in a certain region of someone’s skull indicated that the individual had an optimistic personality?
A. Charles Sherrington B. Aristotle
C. John Locke
D. Franz Gall
3.__________ Botox injections smooth facial wrinkles because botulin is a(n):
A. Ach antagonist.
B. dopamine antagonist. C. Ach agonist.
D. dopamine agonist.
4.__________ In stressful situations, the sympathetic nervous system _______ blood sugar levels and ________ the pupils of the eyes.
A. lowers; dilates B. raises; contracts C. lowers; contracts D. raises; dilates
5.__________ The endocrine system consists of:
B. neural networks. C. interneurons.
6._________ Which of the following chemical messengers is both a neurotransmitter and a hormone?
B. acetylcholine C. norepinephrine D. dopamine
7._________ Drugs that block the reuptake of serotonin will thereby increase the concentration of serotonin molecules in the:
A. axon terminals. B. synaptic gaps.
C. stem cells.
D. endocrine glands.
8.__________ Natural opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control are called:
A. Ach agonists.
C. morphene antagonists D. endorphins.
9.__________ The regions of the parietal lobes that are involved in mathematical and spatial reasoning are known as:
A. the angular gyrus.
B. Wernicke’s areas.
C. the reticular formation. D. association areas.
10.________ Due to the automobile accident, Jenny suffered damage to her cerebral cortex in Broca’s area. Jenny is most likely to experience:
A. auditory hallucinations. B. memory loss.
D. paralysis of her left limbs.
11.________ Which of the following would be most useful for detecting the brain areas that are most active as a person performs mathematical calculations?
A. a brain lesion
B. an interneuron
C. a PET scan
D. a hemispherectomy
12.________ Which portion of the cerebral cortex is most directly involved in making plans and formulating moral judgments?
A. occipital lobes B. frontal lobes C. temporal lobes D. parietal lobes
13.________ The limbic system structure that regulates hunger is the:
C. hippocampus. D. hypothalamus.
14.________ Which region of the brain appears to have the oldest evolutionary history?
A. frontal lobes
B. limbic system C. brainstem
D corpus callosum
15.________ After suffering an accidental brain injury, Kira has difficulty walking in a smooth and coordinated manner. It is most probably that she has suffered damage to her:
B. angular gyrus. C. cerebellum.
D. corpus callosum.
16.________ In order to focus on inner sensations, images, and feelings, Wilehlm Wundt used a research tool known as:
A. psychoanalysis. B. introspection.
C. behavior genetics. D. spaced practice.
17.________ Dr. Stevens provides psychotherapy to people who suffer from excessive anxiety. Dr. Stevens is most likely a _____________ psychologist.
B. developmental C. clinical
18._________ Compared with Wilhelm Wundt, early behaviorists were much less likely to focus on the study of:
A. smiling. B. screaming. C. fighting. D. thinking.
19._________ The SQ3R method encourages students to:
A. read each text Module quickly in order to minimize boredom.
B. read each text Module without any preconceptions about what they might learn. C. survey a text Module’s organization before actually reading the Module itself. D. read entire text Modules at one sitting in order to maximize comprehension.
20._________ Debates as to whether alcohol abuse is biologically determined or culturally influenced are most relevant to the issue of:
A. nature versus nurture.
B. naturalistic observation versus introspection. C. behavior versus mental processes.
D. conscious versus unconscious mind.
21._________ Which perspective would be most relevant to understanding the role of spaced practice on long-term memory of information?
A. psychodynamic B. social-cultural
D. behavior genetics
22._________ An integrated understanding of the explanations provided by the neuroscience, cognitive, social-cultural, and other perspectives in psychology is most clearly provided by:
C. a psychodynamic perspective. D. a biopsychosocial approach.
23._________ Understanding why the fear of darkness may have contributed to the survival of our human ancestors is most relevant to the ___________ perspective.
24._________ Professor Carter observes and records the behavior of grocery shoppers as they select items to purchase. Which type of research is Professor Carter employing?
A. survey research
B. case study
D. naturalistic observation
25._________ Mr. Brown has gathered evidence that the self-esteem of students is negatively correlated with their typical levels of anxiety. Before he uses this evidence to conclude that self- esteem reduces anxiety, Mr. Brown should first be reminded that:
A. events often seem more probably in hindsight.
B. random sequences of events often don’t look random.
C. we often exaggerate the extent to which others share our opinions. D. correlation does not prove causation.
26.__________ In order to assess whether sense of humor is affected by sexual stimulation, researchers exposed married couples to either sexually stimulating or to sexually nonstimulating movie scenes prior to watching a comedy skit. In this research, the independent variable consisted of:
A. reactions to the comedy skit. B. level of sexual stimulation. C. marital status.
D. sense of humor.
27.__________ Stacey suggests that because children are more impulsive than adults, they will have more difficulty controlling their anger. Stacey’s prediction regarding anger management exemplifies:
A. a hypothesis.
B. the hindsight bias. C. illusory correlation. D. the placebo effect.
28.___________ In an experimental study of the extent to which mental alertness is inhibited by sleep deprivation, alertness would be the:
A. control condition.
B. independent variable. C. experimental condition. D. dependent variable.
29.___________ When Leanne heard about experimental evidence that orange juice consumption triggers hyperactivity in children, she questioned whether the tested children had been randomly assigned to experimental conditions. Leanne’s reaction best illustrates:
A. illusory correlation. B. the hindsight bias. C. critical thinking.
30. ___________ In drug treatment studies, double-blind procedures minimize outcome differences between experimental and control conditions that could be attributed to:
B. operational definitions. C. random sampling.
D. placebo effects.
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Report on Tengger Caldera (Indonesia) — 23 December-29 December 2020
Smithsonian / US Geological Survey Weekly Volcanic Activity Report,
23 December-29 December 2020
Managing Editor: Sally Kuhn Sennert
Please cite this report as:
Global Volcanism Program, 2020. Report on Tengger Caldera (Indonesia). In: Sennert, S K (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report, 23 December-29 December 2020. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
7.942°S, 112.95°E; summit elev. 2329 m
All times are local (unless otherwise noted)
PVMBG reported that during 26-27 December white-and-gray plumes rose 50-700 m above the summit of Tengger Caldera’s Bromo cone. At 0550 on 28 December a gas-and-ash emission rose at least 500 m above the summit according to an observer. Ashfall was reported in the Ngadirejo area, about 5 km NE. The Alert Level remained at 2 (on a scale of 1-4), and visitors were warned to stay outside of a 1-km radius of the crater.
Geological Summary. The 16-km-wide Tengger caldera is located at the northern end of a volcanic massif extending from Semeru volcano. The massive volcanic complex dates back to about 820,000 years ago and consists of five overlapping stratovolcanoes, each truncated by a caldera. Lava domes, pyroclastic cones, and a maar occupy the flanks of the massif. The Ngadisari caldera at the NE end of the complex formed about 150,000 years ago and is now drained through the Sapikerep valley. The most recent of the calderas is the 9 x 10 km wide Sandsea caldera at the SW end of the complex, which formed incrementally during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene. An overlapping cluster of post-caldera cones was constructed on the floor of the Sandsea caldera within the past several thousand years. The youngest of these is Bromo, one of Java's most active and most frequently visited volcanoes.
Source: Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG, also known as CVGHM)
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The next post in our Bird’s Eye View of Glasgow blog series looks at life in the growing city of Glasgow up to 1864. (Click on the images to show more detail).
In 1755, Glasgow was a modest city of 23,546 citizens (Kyd, 1952). By the publication of Sulman’s bird’s eye view in 1864, the city’s population had soared to nearly 400,000 (Census Office, 1862). This was in spite of an excess of deaths over births (Watt, 1844). The Highland clearances and famine conditions brought Highlanders and the Irish to the city, seeking somewhere new to call home. Glasgow, in the midst of an industrial boom, appeared to offer the ideal opportunity of work and a better life.
Before long, the once gentrified areas of Glasgow surrounding the Tontine Buildings, Saltmarket, and the High Street became overcrowded. Those that were able, including the University College on the High Street, moved west to open green space and fresh air.
For those remaining in the city centre, the overcrowding led to social issues such as poverty, crime, and health problems. The working classes moved into the once grand houses and tenements recently vacated by the rich. The buildings were repeatedly subdivided to fit as many families as possible and increase landlord profits.
“I have been credibly informed, that for years a population of many thousands has been annually added to Glasgow by immigration without a single house being built to receive them. … A great proportion of these poor people are young men and women in the prime of life. They come from fresh country air, and a diet just sufficient to support health in it, to inhabit for a time those wretched dens of misery, disease, and death, the low-lodging houses. It is only, however, for a time; for a diet still further reduced, and a pestilential atmosphere, do the rest. The young and healthy soon become prey of the epidemic disease … ” (General Board of Health, 1850, p. 74)
Living conditions were poor in these tall, dark, narrow streets, as Thomas Annan’s remarkable photos illustrate. With little to no natural daylight, no internal bathroom facilities or running water, and no means to regularly remove household waste, it was only a matter of time before epidemics of infectious disease such as cholera, typhoid, smallpox, and typhus struck the city.
Typhoid and cholera are both caused by fecal bacteria and are generally transmitted through contaminated water. Under the city’s living conditions, it would have been almost impossible to maintain even a basic hygiene regime of hand washing and food preparation. As a result, infections spread quickly and fatally. Epidemics were worsened by a lack of knowledge; it was believed for a long period that cholera was an airborne virus.
While some infectious diseases could be avoided by not coming into contact with sufferers, others, such as cholera, typhoid and typhus could not. The wealthier classes found to their horror that their social standing did not render them immune, with epidemic fatalities striking citizens across the city. As Carrick remarks, the apathy of the middle and upper classes to the overcrowded conditions soon changed with the rise of infectious disease; “self-preservation at length compelled attention to the subject.” (Pagan, 1884, p. xviii)
Realising a potential connection between housing conditions, sanitation, and the spread of disease, a number of acts of Parliament like the one above were passed. The Removal of Nuisances and Prevention of Contagious and Epidemic Diseases Act 1846 (p. 934) stated that occupants who allowed “the filthy and unwholesome Condition of any Dwelling House, or other Building, or of the Accumulation of any offensive or noxious Matters, Refuse, Dung, or Offal, or of the Existence of any offensive Drain, Privy, or Cesspool” were to be subject to the costs of the immediate cleansing and whitewashing of their properties.
The government, the newly formed General Board of Health (1848), academics and doctors combined their efforts to find the cause of the epidemics and how to prevent them.
The 1848 cholera epidemic in Glasgow was reported on by Dr. Sutherland for the General Board of Health (1850). A correlation can be seen in the map he produced below, between areas of epidemic severity and areas of overcrowding shown on the maps at the top of this blog post.
Finding that fatalities were being caused by a delay in seeking medical assistance, regular city-wide house-to-house visitations and a factory inspection scheme were put into practice. In an attempt to prevent the development of full cholera, Medical officers and student visitors took note of and treated any initial symptoms of cholera in people’s homes and places of work. Any houses containing cholera patients were cleaned thoroughly. These actions, combined with the opening of dispensaries, hospitals and houses of refuge, did much to halt the 1848 epidemic.
Data collected in reports such as the 1848 Epidemic Cholera Report (1850, General Board of Health) and Perry’s Facts and Observations on the Sanitory State of Glasgow (1844) contributed towards a greater understanding of infectious disease and laid the foundations of preventative measures.
It was clear that appropriate handling of the city’s human waste was of primary importance. As Senex notes in 1849, the existing system of street drains and sewers leading directly to the Clyde was wholly unsatisfactory;
“we laid down just as many drains and sewers as would carry our night soil to the nearest stream – and thus, instead of poisoning the air we breathed, we poisoned the water we drank.
The effect of some thousands of water-closets pouring their contents into the Clyde cannot but be odious in the extreme ; and every one may have felt that in summer days, after a long drought, the river from this cause literally sweats abomination, and we have more than once seen people sickened from it on board the steamers” (Pagan, 1884, p. 130-1)
A Select Committee on Sewage in British cities was established in 1864, and looked to engineers, chemists and other experts for suggestions and guidance. It took until the beginning of the 20th century before an improved system of drainage and sewage works was in place, and until 1998 before sludge boats stopped dumping sewage into the open sea at Bute and Arran (Directive 91/271/EC).
The provision of clean water was also essential in the prevention of epidemics. In 1859, Loch Katrine water works was opened, serving the people of Glasgow with 20 to 50 millions of gallons of water per day. At a higher altitude and 37 miles away, water was supplied to the city through the power of gravity. 1
An act of Parliament was passed in 1866 to resolve the overcrowding of the city, with Glasgow Corporation buying and demolishing the worst areas. Homes were rebuilt, this time maintaining strict laws on occupancy and cleanliness. The bird’s eye view extract at the top of this post shows the city just before the housing is demolished.Collectively, the policies towards sewage, clean water, and overcrowding transformed life in Glasgow. Greater public awareness of the causes of epidemic disease led to a decrease in their frequency and severity. Citizens were able to enjoy increased life expectancy, better living standards, and new and improved public spaces.
Other posts in the series can be found here. You are welcome to come up and see the Bird’s Eye View for yourself, and even order your own copy from the Maps, Official Publications and Statistics Unit on level 7 of the University Library. Just get in touch by email, 0141 330 3176 or pop up to see us Monday to Friday, 9 am to 5 pm.
1. Detailed evidence from John Frederic Bateman, civil engineer and designer of Loch Katrine water works can be found in a Select Committee Report on Sewage (1864). In the report Bateman details the gravitational system, the materials and techniques used at Loch Katrine to bring clean water to the cities as evidence for the Committee, who are looking into building a similar system to remove sewage from cities. ↩
Ordnance Survey (1860) Glasgow 1st Edition. Town Plan, Sheet VI.11.17, 1:500, Southampton: Ordnance Survey.
Sulman, T. (1864) Bird’s eye view of Glasgow in 1864, Illustrated London News, London.
Monographs and Official Publications
Census Office (1862) Census of Scotland 1861. Population tables and report. ([Command paper] 3013, 1862). H.M.S.O., Edinburgh.
Council of the European Communities Directive (EC) No. 91/271 of 21 May 1991 concerning urban waste-water treatment. Also available online.
General Board of Health (1850) Report of the General Board of Health on the Epidemic Cholera of 1848 & 1849 ([Command Paper] 1273-1275) Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London.
The Glasgow Story (2004) Shieldhall Sewage Works, Online (Accessed 13 Jan 2017)
Kyd, J. G. [ed.] (1952) Scottish Population Statistics including Webster’s Analysis of Population 1755, (Also available online) T. and A. Constable Ltd., Edinburgh.
Nelson, D. M. (1889) Proposed scheme for the collection, treatment, and disposal of the sewage of Glasgow, [n.p.], Glasgow. The original is also available from the Library Research Annexe.
Pagan, J. [ed.] (1884) Glasgow past and present : illustrated in Dean of Guild coutt reports and in the reminiscences and communications of Senex, Aliquis, J.B., etc. D. Robertson, Glasgow.
Perry, R. (1844) Facts and Observations on the sanitory state of Glasgow during the last year : with statistical tables of the late epidemic, shewing the connection existing between poverty, disease and crime, Glasgow Royal Asylum for Lunatics, Glasgow. The original is also available in Special Collections.
Removal of Nuisances and Prevention of Contagious and Epidemic Diseases Act 1846. (c.96) in (1846) A Collection of the Public General Statutes, passed in the ninth and tenth year of the reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London.
Select Committee on Sewage (Metropolis) (1864) Report from the Select Committee on Sewage (Metropolis) together with the proceedings of the Committee, Minutes of Evidence, Appendix and index, (HC 487, 1864). Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London.
Watt, A. (1844) The Glasgow Bills of Mortality for 1841 & 1842, drawn up by appointment and under the authority of the Lord Provost, Magistrates and Town Council. University Press, Glasgow.
Categories: Library, Official Publications
Fantastic stuff. I too am going to read them all!
Fascinating article. I’m off to read the rest in the series. Thanks for your hard work.
Thank you so much – I hope you enjoyed the rest of the series. It’s been hugely enjoyable researching this amazing bird’s eye view.
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On this one very special day, considered by many to be the birthday of America, the team at Skynet Solutions reflects upon the importance of July 4th and what this symbol of freedom means to us.
It all goes back to 1776 when Thomas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence. The founding fathers signed the document on the 4th of July declaring our independence from the tyrannical reign of King George III with a powerful and revolutionary message: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.” Everyone who signed the Declaration of Independence literally risked their lives in doing so. The penalty for that sort of treason back then was hanging. That is why we think of it as more then just a document, but as a symbol for the courage of those few who stood by their convictions to better our future and for their bravery in declaring our freedom. This significant piece of our nation’s history infused into our culture the noblest of ideals and the highest of aspirations belief in liberty, equality, individual rights, and above all, happiness.
As long as we all remember that Independence Day is not only a national holiday, but that it’s also a symbol of our patriotism, then we are free to celebrate. In fact, that is exactly how our second president, John Adams, thought we should honor the occasion in a letter that he wrote to his wife, Abigail, it will be celebrated by succeeding generations, as the great Anniversary Festival. It ought to be commemorated, as the day of deliverance solemnized with pomp, shows, games, sports, guns, bells, bonfires and illuminations from one end of the continent to the other, from this time forward forever.
As we go about our day enjoying family and friends, please take a moment to come together and celebrate this holiday, not just as a day off work, but for its true importance to us as a country. Teach the next generation about the sacrifices made by the great people of this nation who came before them and did their part in securing the freedoms that we have today. Skynet Solutions is proud to celebrate our great nation’s founding with you and sincerely wishes you a happy and safe 4th of July!
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Any links on this page that lead to products on Amazon are affiliate links and I earn a commission if you make a purchase. Thanks in advance – I really appreciate it!
Women dress up and wear fancy hats to the race tracks to be different and feel good, especially for the Kentucky Derby. But have you wondered why some racehorses wear a mask? I have, so I decided to research why horses wear masks and other gear during a race.
Racehorses wear masks called “Blinkers” or “Blinders” to help a horse maintain its focus during a race. The basic equipment worn by all horses on race day is a saddle, bridle, bit, and shoes; however, horses may require more equipment, such as leg wraps, bell boots, and shadow rolls.
Racehorses wear some very unusual items, and some even make the horse look menacing, but each piece has a purpose, to help him run faster. Let’s look at some of this equipment in greater detail and learn about its functions.
What Do Horses Wear on Their Heads During a Race?
The first noticeable item a racehorse may be wearing is a colorful mask. The mask may display the horse owner’s colors and help identify the horse when he is turning for the home stretch in a race, but it also has a practical purpose. The mask has built-in blinders or blinkers.
Horse racing masks, blinders, and blinkers?
The masks racehorses wear on their heads are actually housing to hold the blinders in place. Blinders and blinkers are interchangeable words used to describe the device worn on a horse’s head to help keep his mind on the race.
If a horse has a habit of looking around while running, he loses speed. They can be distracted by other horses, people, and even birds. Blinkers will help him stop looking around and remain focused on his race.
Blinkers are made of nylon and fit over a horse’s head with plastic eyecups attached. They come in various shapes and sizes and are often customized by the trainer. Some of the common styles are:
- Standard Blinders are a 2/3 cup with a hole. This blinder restricts vision but still allows the horse to see approaching horses closing in on him during the race through the hole in the side. It is the most commonly used style of blinder.
- Full Cup Blinder– This is the most restricted blinder. It is common to have the full blinker on one side of the mask. Placing a full cup on a horse occurs is necessary for horses with a tendency to veer to the outside of a track when racing. To prevent the drift outside, a full cup blinder is worn on the outside eye of the mask.
- French Cup is not a cup because the blinder extends straight from the mask. The French cup will block the view of the horse from seeing what the jockey is doing. Most of the time, horses that need a French cup will anticipate the jockey’s whip and lose focus during a race.
- Mask with no blinders can be used to help calm a horse or to help dampen noise. Some people refer to a mask with no blinkers as a batman mask.
- Every horse is different and may need a variation of the style of the blinders listed above. If this is the case trainer will often customize a set of blinkers for specific nuances a horse is displaying. Since the cups are made of plastic, the trainer will trim the cup with a knife or pair of scissors. (Click this link to check prices on Blinker Hoods at Amazon.
Racehorses wear shadow rolls.
Along with blinkers, a horse may wear a shadow roll. Shadow rolls are commonly worn by horses that tend to run with their heads held high. A shadow roll is usually made of sheepskin and attaches to the noseband.
It has multiple purposes, it assists in keeping the horse focused on the race and not seeing shadows on the ground, and it also helps him keep his head low to see over the roll.
Keeping his head low, in turn, leads to a horse lengthening his neck and extending his head further forward, and running faster.
Bits used in horse racing
Bits are metal bars placed in the mouth of a horse. The bits are used for controlling a horse by a jockey through the use of reins. The reins are long straps attached to the bits. The reins connect to the bit outside the horse’s mouth.
There are many different styles of bits used in horseracing. To determine which bit to use on a particular horse is by trial and error during its training exercise. Trainers use a severe bit if a horse is hard to control.
The common problem a horse has is drifting out on the track. The harshness of the bit allows the jockey to keep the horse in the correct path during the race.
Note that a rider weighs less than 120 lbs and must steer a horse weighing over 1000 lbs. If the jockey can’t control his horse, not only will he likely lose the race, he could create a dangerous situation on the track for other horses and their jockeys.
The most common types of bits used in horse racing are a D-bit and a ring bit. Both bits are snaffles, meaning the mouthpiece comprises two segments of metal joined in the center.
The D-bit is most comfortable on a horse’s mouth and the simplest. Its name describes the D-shaped rings that attach the ends of the bit to the bridle. The egg bit is the next most common racing bit. Click for prices from Amazon on Dee Double Jointed Bit )
Other Necessary Horse Racing Equipment;
Bridles are the headgear of the horse used for direction. It includes the headstall reins and bits. The headstall is attached to the bit, which fits into a horse’s mouth. The reins attach to the bit and are used to steer a horse.
Martingales in horseracing
A martingale is a strap that runs from the bridle to the girth, which attaches the saddle to the horse. It keeps a horse’s head from rising too high and striking the rider. There are many varieties of martingales.
Racehorse tongue ties
A tongue-tie is a strap holding the tongue down to the lower mouth of the horse. Tying a horse’s tongue is used to prevent the tongue from getting in the way of the bit and prevent airway obstruction while running. The tongue is not tied tight and can still be moved. It does not cause any distress.
Horses, like dogs, have a greater range of hearing than humans. Because of this, they can become nervous with all the sounds they are exposed to at a race track.
To help calm the horse, earmuffs or plugs are used. Some people will use ordinary cotton balls or foam inserted in their horses’ ears to help decrease noise exposure.
What do Racehorses Wear on their Legs During a Race?
Racehorses are known for their speed, grace, and power. But what many people don’t realize is that these animals are also very vulnerable to injury. That’s why racehorse owners take special care to protect their horses’ legs during a race.
The most common type of legwear for racehorses is a set of protective wraps; in addition, many wear special shoes designed to grip the track and provide extra traction.
By taking these precautions, racehorse owners can help ensure that their horses have a safe and successful race.
Racehorses may wear leg wraps during a race.
Most racehorses wear nothing at all on their legs during a race. However, if you see the legs of a racehorse wrapped as they head to the gates, it is either for support or protection. (Horse Leg Wraps on Amazon leg wraps)
The wraps used on racehorse legs usually are three to six inches wide and made of elastic. A horse’s legs will always be wrapped in pairs, either the front legs, hind legs, or all legs. When the horse’s legs are covered for select races, care must be taken.
The legs must be clean and dry, and the wraps applied, so the pressure from the wrap is disbursed evenly. Infection can result from a failure to properly clean and dry the legs before applying the cover on the horse’s legs.
Wraps misapplied can also create a dangerous conditions for the horses and riders in the race. If wraps unravel in a race, it could cause another one of the runners in the race to trip. Proper care when applying the wraps is paramount.
The most common leg wrap is called “Rundown bandages” they are used to protect the lower hind legs from developing abrasions when racing on a deep surface.
The horses are running extremely fast, and their fetlock is sinking and rising at high speeds in the dirt, causing friction, which leads to abrasions of the lower back limbs.
This type of abrasion is called a rundown. If the racing surface is deep, every horse in the race may wear rundown bandages. Rundown bandages involve placing a pad under the fetlock joint and wrapping the leg and pad with Vet Wrap, a stretchy, self-adherent bandage.
If the rundown bandage is applied correctly, it will prevent rundown abrasions. Hind leg bandages are not uncommon on some tracks. However, it is unusual to see a racehorse running in front wraps.
It is much more likely for a horse to sustain a rundown injury to his hind legs than his front legs. So it raises a question when a racehorse has wraps on his forelimbs.
It could be the trainer is wrapping the front legs to give additional support to the tendons. Either because the horse is coming off an injury or has a slight injury, and he hopes the wrap will prevent further damage.
However, it is almost universally accepted that wrapping a horse’s legs will not prevent a bow if it already has a partial tear. Wraps should not be used if the horse has an injury, has medication on his legs, or the wraps don’t fit properly.
Front rundown bandages could be used in cases where the horse has a skin sensitivity, minor lesion, or another issue that dictates the trainer’s decision to use wraps of the front.
However, front leg wraps have traditionally been avoided because of the belief that they slow a horse by restricting its flexion of the front fetlock joints, which in turn impedes speed.
This has been debunked. If the front leg wraps are correctly applied and advanced wrapping materials are used, then flexion nor a horse’s speed should be affected.
As stated earlier, it is rare to see a healthy horse racing in front leg wraps. There is only one reason I can think of when front leg wraps can be helpful to a healthy horse during a race.
That would be if you want to run your horse in a claiming race and try to prevent him from being claimed. Possible suitors would be wary of claiming any horse with front leg wraps. (See my article on claiming races here)
What Does a Racehorse Wear on His Back During a Race?
Of course, we all know a racehorse has a saddle, but what makes a racing saddle unique? Did you know jockeys provide their own saddles? They do, and many jockeys have multiple saddles for the different weights they can ride. These saddles weigh from 2 lbs. to 10 lbs.
The jockeys that weigh less will have a larger saddle, while jockeys that weigh more will have a lighter saddle. These jockeys may use different saddles throughout the races, depending on their allowed weight.
If a jockey and the equipment don’t reach the required weight, weighted saddle pads will be added. The saddles will also have stirrups made of various materials; some are aluminum, others may be carbon fiber, and others titanium.
The stirrup leathers are also shorter than those on a regular saddle, making the jockey more compact during the race and easier for the horse to run. But before the saddle goes on the horse, we have a couple of things to do.
The saddle cloth is the first thing placed on a horse’s back when he is being tacked up for a race. It is a cotton cloth and will normally have the horse’s program number and corresponding colors. This allows easier tracking of the horses during the race, both for the announcer and the fans.
The cloth serves other purposes besides identification. It helps absorb sweat, holds the saddle pad in place, and provides a sanitary layer between the horse’s back and the saddle blanket.
The saddle pad is usually made of felt, sheepskin, or foam rubber and is used as a base for the saddle. It will provide another layer of protection between the horse’s back and the saddle.
Now the horse is ready for the saddle. The jockeys’ valet will bring the saddle to the paddock and assist the trainer in securing it to the horse. A horse racing saddle is tiny, weighing less than two pounds.
They are not very strong and do not provide good protection for the horses’ backs. They are used for racing exclusively. Too much time riding a horse with a racing saddle could result in tissue damage to the spine.
Also, racing saddles provide very little security for the rider. The jockey has to maintain his weight with the stirrups, which are hiked up. If the stirrups fail during a race, it would be catastrophic for him. The saddle doesn’t provide a safe place for him to maintain his position on the back of the horse.
Once the saddle has been placed on the horse, it will need to be secured with the girth strap. The girth strap is usually made of leather that attaches to both sides of a saddle.
It runs from one side of the horse under his barrel to the opposite side. But before the girth strap is secured to the saddle, it is placed through the martingale strap and then secured with a buckle.
Do Racehorses Wear Shoes in a Race?
Yes, virtually every racehorse wears shoes during their race. Horse racing shoes are called plates in racehorse vernacular. Most are made of aluminum and must meet the track regulations for approval.
Different surfaces will allow for different shoes. The type of horseshoe and the proper fit of the shoe can make or lose a race. Farriers are an integral part of the racehorse team.
- Front Regular Toe Aluminum Racing Plates. This is the most popular racing shoe and is good on different types of surfaces.
- Front Low Toe Aluminum Racing Plates. This shoe is designed for use on hard tracks. It provides traction without putting too much strain on the tendons and ligaments.
- Level Grip or Outer Rim Aluminum Racing Plates. This shoe is used for both turf and dirt tracks and can be used for both front and hind feet. Gives an excellent grip and balance.
- Front Inner Rim Aluminum Racing Plates. This shoe is used on a sandy track; the inside rim provides good traction and stability.
- Wedge Aluminum Racing Plates. This shoe allows the hoof to roll over faster and reduces tendon and muscle strain. It is used on horses that have a problem with their heel. (Click here to read an article with more details about horseshoes)
Equipment decisions must be cleared with the Paddock Judge before the race. If you intend to run your horse with Blinkers, you must notify the track steward before issuing the overnights.
Why do racehorses have such weird names?
Racehorses often end up with weird names because of the stringent naming rules set by the Jockey Club. They also limit using other horse names and the names of individuals. Because of these rules, owners must get creative when choosing a name for their horse.
Why is extra weight added to some racehorses?
For each race, the horses are assigned a minimum amount of weight they have to carry. If the jockey and his tacks’ combined weight is less than the assigned weight, then extra weight is added to the horse.
I love animals! Especially horses, I’ve been around them most of my life but I am always learning more and enjoy sharing with others. I have bought, sold, and broke racehorse yearlings. I have raised some winning horses and had some that didn’t make it as racehorses, so we trained them in other disciplines.
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Wikipedia: The Lost Ship of the Desert is the subject of legends about ancient ships found in California's Colorado Desert. Since after the U.S. Civil War, stories have been told about buried ships hidden in the desert lands north of the Gulf of California.
The lost Spanish Galleon stories began after the Colorado River flood of 1862. The reports were of a half-buried hull in the dry saline lake not far from Yuma, Arizona. It is today believed by many to be under the Salton Sea in California.
A serpent-necked Viking ship was also reported by natives in 1900 in the Colorado River region. Supposedly in 1933 someone had a photo of it and a map to the location which is now held by a museum.
Another legend involving a Spanish Galleon was from supposedly the 1500s involved one going up the Gulf of California. Someone supposedly in the 1700s stole the pearls from the stuck ship and in 1917 supposedly a farmer stole a chest of jewels from it.
Many still go in search of this disappearing and reappearing ship, everywhere from the Yuma Arizona area to the Salton Sea. Some say they ran across it, but produce no relics or photos. It's a very interesting prospect, but given the lack of rain in California, I'd rather doubt it would pop up and go away so easily. Still, there's nothing like a ghost ship on land to set you wondering.
LINK: In 1610, King Phillip III of Spain ordered Alvarez de Cordone to search the Western coast of Mexico and recover the pearls residing there. Cordone hired two other captains, Juan de Iturbe and Pedro de Rosales. He also hired sixty pearl divers and began having three ships build. By July 1612 they set sail to plunder the west coast of its precious oysters.
Over and over again the ship would pause in its travels so the pearl divers could jump off the ship and return with the oysters they discovered on the ocean floor. But the going was slow. Eventually they discovered a Native American village and stopped, meeting with the village leaders. They discovered that the Native Americans had baskets of the pearls just lying about and they formulated a trade of their rich fancy European clothing for the pearls. However, the Spanish swindled the Native Americans and traded them only rags and dirty cloths. The Native Americans outraged attacked the ship as it was trying to set sail. Cordone was hit by an arrow and lay ill. His ship was forced to turn around, but he ordered the other two on in search of more pearls, commanding them to look up the Gulf of California.
As they journeyed up the Gulf, Rosales's ship struck a reef. The cargo was rapidly transferred to Iturbe's ship and they continued on. One story says that Rosales's ship was sunk in a terrible storm. With one ship remaining they sailed up the Gulf and eventually up the Colorado River and into the Salton Sea (or the Blake Sea or Lake Cahuilla as it may have been called long ago).
For a perspective, here is the region on Google Earth (below). Tons of shifting sand and places to get lost and be reexposed, especially when the Colorado River overflows. An El Nino year would be ideal for a search and a drone would probably be the best option. In fact, we are starting up an El Nino pattern again. This winter might be a good time for a search.
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The clinical breast examination, or CBE, is an important piece of our recommended three-pronged approach to the early detection of breast cancer that we talk about in our breast health workshops.
Clinical breast exams often receive less attention than their partners-in-health, the monthly breast self-exam and the annual mammogram, although they are just as crucial to breast health.
What is a Clinical Breast Exam?
Essentially, during a clinical breast exam a health professional, either a doctor or nurse, performs a thorough physical examination of your breasts. They will carefully examine your breasts and the surrounding area for any irregularities, much as you do when completing your own monthly breast self-exam.
Who Should Receive a Clinical Breast Exam, and When?
Women under 40 with normal risk factors for breast cancer should receive a clinical breast exam at least once a year, by age 19. Most gynecologists will include the exam as part of your annual “well woman” visit.
Young women with heightened risk factors, such as family history, should ask their family doctor about when it is appropriate to begin clinical breast exams.
The Maurer Foundation recommends that women over forty schedule their clinical breast exam and their annual mammogram six months apart. This ensures that you will be examined by a health care professional twice a year.
Additionally, anytime you notice irregularities during your monthly breast self-exam, then it is time to schedule a clinical breast exam to follow up.
How Should You Prepare for a Clinical Breast Exam?
The only thing you need to do (other than showing up, of course) is keep your health professional informed of the state of your breasts. Let them know before the exam:
- If you have noticed any changes in your breasts
- If you might be pregnant or are breast-feeding
- If you have breast implants
- If you are experiencing any breast pain or discomfort
- If you have detected any irregularities during your own breast self-exams
How is a Clinical Breast Exam Administered?
You can expect to privately undress, and will likely wear a gown that opens in the front. After talking briefly about your medical history and discussing any questions, the health professional will methodically apply pressure and feel around your breast, underarm, and chest area for any possible lumps, dense breast tissue, signs of infection, or any other irregularities.
Your health care provider should examine you both lying down and sitting up, since the breasts look and feel entirely different in each position. The doctor may ask you to lean forward, raise your arms above your head, or move in different ways to ensure they are performing the most accurate exam.
Clinical Breast Exam Tips
This is also the perfect time to ask your health care provider about your own breast self-exam habits, and make sure you are using the proper techniques every month. After all, your doctor or nurse should be your primary ally in taking charge of your health!
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Companion Plants as a Ground Cover started out with me asking Bob what would be a good ground cover around your plants that was perhaps also useful in the kitchen. This naturally brought up the topic of Companion plants. Those that are either
– Good to plant together OR
– Bad to plant next to each other
In nature, plants grow in what appears to be a random mixture of plants that are in fact the result of natural selection of plants that are good to live together in that particular area. If they are not compatible then the odd one out will not survive. This will naturally happen in your garden as well. Inadvertently you may plant things together that work well or simply won’t thrive because of other plants they are grown near.
Modern Farming Methods
Modern farming methods of growing in man-made straight lines is now being replaced in many instances with gardeners trying to mimic nature by designing gardens with a harmonious blend of plants that work well together either to help each other thrive, reduce pests infestations or even act a decoys to attract pests to keep them off other plants.
By growing a lot of different types of plants together you are using what small space you have to the best advantage for growing the maximum amount of produce in that space. And if done with a little knowledge you also reduce your pest problems.
The inter-planting of specific herbs between other plants allows you to pick a few leaves of an herb while harvesting the main crop or perhaps cutting flowers for decoration on the kitchen table, all from the one small plot.
Mixed planting could be to grow Tomatoes with some Basil & some annual plants like Cosmos for their flowers. The Basil will reduce aphids, mosquitoes & whitefly from the Tomatoes while the Cosmos attract bees to help increase the fruit rate of the tomatoes.
What better combination for a great pasta dish with a little table decoration as well. Cosmos also attracts aphids and is often used as a decoy plant to keep aphids off other plants.
Or marigolds are great to plant around tomatoes to reduce nematode damage. And bergamot will enhance the growth of tomatoes while attracting bees to the area, which in turn will help pollinate corn plants if you plant them near the bergamot.
The actual mix of companion plants will be determined by
– time of year
– the produce plants used
– compatible herbs/flowering plants
– quantity of plants needed to make a difference
You need to make your own mixture based on local information, but be aware that many people do not notice any discernible difference as results can vary according to the many different factors that affect each combination of plants.
Incompatible plants that should NOT be grown together such as Basil and Rue, or garlic and onions near beans or peas. Why you may ask? No one really knows for sure why basil and Rue are incompatible together. They just don’t thrive side by side.
Beans are said to enrich the soil by fixing nitrogen (it is actually the Rhizobia that fix the nitrogen) which in turn makes onion and garlic grow green because they love nitrogen. But onions and garlic will not produce good bulbs with too much nitrogen even though they love nitrogen.
Companion Plants in Compost
Yet another use of companion plants is to use them in a compost heap to aid the breakdown of the waste material.
Dandelions are a weed in the lawn but are great for your compost heap. It is best to dig them up before they seed so they don’t propagate. The dandelions are rich in iron, copper, potassium, sulphur & manganese which add to the value of the compost. Many people these days consider dandelions a nutritional treat to add to a green smoothie or salad and are therefore not considered a weed. But I know in my yard there are way too many to eat.
Another brilliant plant that makes a beautiful fill-in plant around your ornamental plants is Comfrey. It’s great to eat, great in your garden and great for the compost heap as well.
The bottom line ….By covering ALL exposed soil in your garden you shade out the opportunity for most of the weeds to germinate because they can’t grow without sunlight. If they do germinate they will be weak from being shaded and easy to pull out before they set seed. Do some research to find out the best ground cover for your garden whether it be herbs or grasses. Herbs for cooking, flowers for the table or grass for the compost heap.
I love clover because it’s easy to mow over, feeds the bees, doesn’t grow too tall, is great as green fodder for your garden soil or grazing animals, and is actually edible when boiled.
Plus it is beautiful to walk on or “roll over in the clover”.
Today’s Did You Know…?
Cherry Tomatoes are a different group of tomato varieties (no specific species is given as a lot of tomatoes grown are a hybrid mixture of varieties) Cherry Tomatoes are usually hybrids but within Var. cerasiforme.
There are two types of Tomatoes:
(A) Determinate – these produce flowers at the end of each shoot, so fruit all at once & are squat plants.
(B) Indeterminate – these set flowers & fruit and then keep growing, some even up to 3 m high if well supported
Big tomatoes produce fruit 10 – 14 weeks after planting while cherry tomatoes will fruit 11-13 weeks later.
A common “disease” is Blossom End Rot. It is NOT a disease but a calcium deficiency so can be prevented by using a handful of lime per plant, 2 months before planting, so the plant has enough time to take up the calcium early to prevent the “disease”
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Sapphic stanza facts for kids
Sapphic stanza is a strophe that is widely used in European poetry. It is of Greek origin. It is named after the ancient Greek woman poet Sappho.
The stanza consists of four lines. Three of them are composed of eleven syllables and the last one is made up of five syllables. In Greek verse the quantity of syllables was important. That is, whether the syllables are long or short. In other languages it is no longer significant.
Sapphic stanza was adopted by Roman poets, for example by Horace. His popularity helped in expanding the use of the stanza. It became common in many literatures. The Sapphic stanza was extremely popular in Polish poetry from the 16th century. In English however, is not used often. Among poets who experimented with it was Algernon Charles Swinburne.
- All the night sleep came not upon my eyelids,
- Shed not dew, nor shook nor unclosed a feather,
- Yet with lips shut close and with eyes of iron
- Stood and beheld me.
- (Algernon Charles Swinburne, Sapphics)
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Oroville Stanford School employee Joe Vaughan described a hammerhead he found on the wet grass of the campus. His description (no, not an antique tool for Bolt’s museum), sent me to the archives to check on another small-world wiggling wonder.
I discovered that the hammerhead worm is a land planarian flatworm, Bipalium kewense, that is not only a predator, but a cannibal, and can even eat itself when necessary!
They are only 10 to 20 inches long and tend to hide in the dark.
The students are not imperiled, but it is interesting how the worms got to Oroville, just as there is a vast array of other plants and animals mysteriously introduced. Like snails, hammerheads with their shovel-shaped heads, leave a slime trail, but unlike snails, they are not gastropods and are toxic to eat.
The hammerheads are native to moist forests of tropical Asia, and were first described in the greenhouses at Kew Botanical Gardens near London in 1878.
They have been found in America since 1901, evidently transported in flower pot mixtures to other countries.
Thriving in California gardens, they have been known to demolish a field of earthworms and then move on. When attacking an earthworm, they entangle the prey in slimy mucus, eat and digest them in a complex three-sectioned cavity that has no anus, excretions being expelled through the mouth. If you don’t like them eating your earthworms, spray a little vinegar.
Although most planarian flatworm species are marine, the underworld beneath our feet harbors a myriad of mysterious life-forms.
The land-dwelling B. Kewense flatworm hides under boards and duff, venturing forth at night onto the killing fields.
Their reproduction is as unorthodox as their digestive systems. Being hermaphrodites, they can intermix freely, and in temperate zones, they simply squeeze off a section of the posterior that fragments into a new worm. What a sex life! Killing one by cutting it into pieces merely produces new worms. They can also lay eggs.
Worms could take over the world, especially since there are about 76,000 species of various segmented, flat and round worms. However, there are about 77,000 species of slugs and snails.
Consider that there are only about 4,150 species of mammals on Earth that includes Homo sapiens. Humans are one species in spite of all the physical, mental, and race differences.
I had another puzzler presented to me recently — a horsehair worm! Between hammerheads and horsehair worms, you never know what is next! Often found in livestock watering tanks, the live hair-like worm, Paragordius varius, was actually believed to be horsehairs transformed into worms until closely studied.
The larvae develop in the bodies of insects, fall into the water from the host, and thrash around for a few months as a worm, living off stored food before they mate and deposit eggs in the water.
Get down on your knees, and, as Thomas Carlyle said, “Look round a little, and see what is passing under our very eyes.” You may discover a worm new to science! Or watch a worm eating a worm!
“Nature is most wonderful in the smallest things,” said Linnaeus.
“We nestle in nature, and draw our living as parasites from her roots and grains.”
— Ralph Waldo Emerson
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Social media has helped researchers discover 55 animal species they say have been forced to more to or around the UK because their normal habitat has been disrupted by climate change.
Ten were identified by people posting images on Twitter or Google of animals they hadn’t expected to see where they saw them.
All 55 have been “displaced from their natural ranges or enabled to arrive for the first time on UK shores” say scientists from the Zoological Society of London (ZSL). The study’s findings are published in the Journal of Applied Ecology.
The research also considered UK Government environment reports and 111 scientific papers. It focused solely on species that have established sustainable populations through natural, rather than human-assisted movement.
Lead author Nathalie Pettorelli says UK wildlife is among the most intensively monitored in the world, thanks to sightings from environmentalists, but there is little centralised tracking of species moving due to climate change.
“As it stands, society is not ready for the redistribution of species, as current policies and agreements are not designed for these novel species and ecological communities, particularly if those species have no perceived value to society,” she says. “Our results suggest that many species are on the move in the UK, and that we can expect a lot of changes in the type of nature we will have around us in the coming years.”
Of the 55 species identified, 64% were invertebrates. Only one formally classified as an invasive species – the leathery sea squirt (Styela clava).
The black bee fly (Anthrax anthrax) appears to have arrived in the UK for the first time in 2016; it was reportedly found using a garden bug-hotel in Cambridgeshire.
The Jersey tiger moth (Euplagia quadripunctaria), previously only seen around Jersey and the south coast of England, is now regularly sighted in London.
Bird species forced to move by climate change, the ZSL says, include the purple heron (Ardea purpurea) and tropical-looking European bee-eater (Merops apiaster), which have been nesting in Kent and Nottinghamshire, quite a way from their natural breeding grounds in Africa, central and southern Europe and East Asia.
The study found that 24% of species arriving or moving were having negative impacts on ecological communities and human society – in ways as diverse as damaging crops, spreading disease or complicating planning permission procedures.
Reported sightings of a Eurasian nuthatch (Sitta europaea) in Scotland in 2010 and 2018 were a boost for tourism, however.
UK residents or visitors can submit their rare wildlife sightings on Twitter to @SOTM_UK with #SOTM_UK.
Originally published by Cosmos as Birds on Twitter
Nick Carne is the editor of Cosmos Online and editorial manager for The Royal Institution of Australia.
Read science facts, not fiction...
There’s never been a more important time to explain the facts, cherish evidence-based knowledge and to showcase the latest scientific, technological and engineering breakthroughs. Cosmos is published by The Royal Institution of Australia, a charity dedicated to connecting people with the world of science. Financial contributions, however big or small, help us provide access to trusted science information at a time when the world needs it most. Please support us by making a donation or purchasing a subscription today.
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Preserving the most vulnerable parts of the Earth’s environment to create a sustainable future for all living things.
What is the Force of Nature?
We are a group of organizations that have banded together to tackle the combined challenges of climate change and biodiversity loss by raising money to protect the rainforest and related habitats.
Here are some of the problems we are tackling:
Preserving Rainforests And
Addressing Climate Change
Nearly 10 million hectares of forest are lost annually to agriculture alone. Preservation and restoration is our greatest opportunity for large scale carbon removal. If we protect and restore the Amazon rainforest, we can both sequester an incredible amount of carbon, but also preserve much of the earth’s biodiversity.
Click below to learn more about why protecting nature is so vital to stopping climate change.
Preserving The Regions With The Highest Biodiversity
Biodiversity hotspots are among the richest and most important ecosystems in the world — and they are home to many vulnerable populations who are directly dependent on nature to survive.
Some ecosystems, such as mangroves, are particularly good at storing carbon and keeping it out of the atmosphere. The destruction of forest ecosystems is responsible for 11 percent of all global greenhouse gas emissions caused by humans, so conserving forests would stop the release of these gases into the atmosphere. Trees and plants also store carbon in their tissue, making it even more necessary to protect them.
Conservation is more than protecting area of land, it’s about protecting biodiversity. Biodiversity underpins all life on Earth. Without species, there would be no air to breathe, no food to eat, no water to drink. There is no live without biodiversity.
Species are becoming extinct at a far greater rate than before humans existed, up to 100 times! Biologists estimate another 1,000,000 species are at risk of extinction due to climate change, pollution, habitat loss and invasive species. It is vital to save the most biodiverse regions on earth.
Around the world, 36 areas qualify as biodiversity hotspots. Their habitats represent only 2.5 percent of Earth’s land surface, but they support more than half of the world’s plant species!
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The world must know that the rulers of Europe and the conquests of the Americas and Australia are never European. Even today, the rulers of Europe and the regimes that they run are foreign gangs, savages, backward and criminals who occupy and plunder Europe and plunder the world in the name of Europe. The foreign gangs are a mixture of East Asian gangs with outlaw bastards and slaves affiliated with them. They do not represent the peoples of Europe, but they are what they are called Westerners and the white race.
The first faction of gangs that invaded and occupied Europe was the Turkic Mongolian gangs from East Asia. They formed colonies later called the Khanates of Eastern Europe and the Caucasus since 2400 BC. Because of their crimes, slavery groups of European victims, called Slavs, appeared in Europe. That group had another branch, which is gangs who allied themselves with the Amorite Bedouins of the Levant and formed the Akkadians and later the Hyksos. These invaded and destroyed the civilizations of Sumer, Ebla, Ugarit, and Kmt (currently they are called Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, and with it the Zionist entity and Egypt) at the same time with the Turkic Mongolian invasions of eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Anatolia and the civilizations of the Aegean (Greece)
The second faction of rulers, regimes, and wealthy foreign criminals who occupied Europe are the Romans and they began their conquests and occupation in 753 BC. The origin of the Romans is never European, as they claim, but they are gangs of the backward Amorite Bedouins, and with them, Berber and criminal outlaws, and slaves from southern Europe. Those gangs jumped on Italy after they spread piracy, crime, looting and moral perversions in all the Mediterranean by Phoenician pirates from their colony in Lebanon and Carthage from their colonies in Tunisia, Sicily, Crete, Malta, Sardinia and Corsica. Those gangs are the so-called Sea Peoples instead of Pirates, and they caused the terrible, bloody downfall of the civilizations of the Late Bronze Age in 1177 BC, and with them Palestinians were formed.
The third faction of the criminal invaders, the rulers of Europe, was and still exists are the Viking gangs made by the Ashkenazi Turkic Khazars, who set out and invaded northern Europe from eastern Europe, and they were made from their victims and their appearance became northern European. Germany and northern Europe were invaded after the Turkic Khazar transferred the Phoenician-Hebrew piracy methods that were used in the Mediterranean by foreign gangs, savages, retarded and criminals from among them since the Hyksos were expelled from Kmt in 1523 BC. The Vikings faction resulted from the cooperation of the Turkic Khazars with the Turkic Mongols Abbasids, who produced the new Ashkenazi Jews in 750 AD to replace the Hebrew Jews of Levant who the Hyksos made in Babylon in 600 BC
Europe and the world must know the true history of Europe and the world and the origins and existence of the Vikings, Romans, Hyksos, Umayyads, Abbasids and Ottomans in their various misleading forms and names. For example, the Crusades were in fact wars by the alliance of the Turkic Vikings gangs with the Romans of the Levant and with them the Turkic Abbasids against the peoples of southeastern Europe using religious allegations and a false conflict between Roman Christianity that had nothing to do with the heavenly message of the Messenger Jesus Christ against a Turkic Abbasid Islam that had nothing to do with the heavenly message of the Messenger Mohammed
The world and Europe must also know that the conquests, looting and occupation of the Americas began in the year 1000 AD by the Turkic Vikings, and it was not in the year 1500 AD by a mixture of Romans and Vikings led by one named Christopher Columbus. It is funny that the retarded savage Turkic Vikings had been plundering the Americas for 500 years and they thought for five centuries that they are plundering eastern India and that the peoples of the Americas are red Indians
The world does not know that present-day Switzerland is a colony established by the Turkic Vikings to entertain their gang leaders. The name of Switzerland is modern and in English Switzerland, but the origin of the name of Switzerland is Swedes Land, which means the land of the Swedes, which means that it was a brothel and a nightclub in which they brought women from Sweden and Scandinavia to breed and entertain the Turkic Vikings warlords and to produce mixed Turkic Ashkenazi offspring similar to Europeans.
The world must know that the Zionist entity, Zionism, Ashkenazim, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are all products of the Turkic Mongolians and are related to the Vikings, Romans, Hyksos, Umayyads, Abbasids, Ottomans, and Hebrew Jews in the Levant.
Europe and the world must know that their universities, religious and media organizations are not worth a dirham, and they promote falsehood, forgery and misinformation, and they must be completely overthrown and others should be established because they can never be reformed after 2,600 years of misguidance, starting with the invention of the Talmud, and it was inserted into all sectors and minds.
O perished woman, now you know that hell is for you and your likes, the Zionists, the Crusaders, the Islamists, the communists, the colonialists, the usurers and the liberals. It is an eternal abode for you
Comments on: "Your place and your crown are in hell with the likes of you, the Vikings, the Romans, the Hyksos, the Umayyads, the Abbasids and the Ottomans" (2)
The Amorites and the Canaanite Phoenicians were not the same people. They were represented on the Egyptian monuments with fair skins, light hair, blue eyes, curved or hooked noses, and pointed beards.
Hyksos, Akhenaton and the Cult of Aton
Jews were Amorite Babylonians. Cyrus’s mother was a Jew, and he was born in Babylon.
Amer-rica is the land of Amorites.
Canaanite were civilized Ugarit and not the same Amorite Bedouins
Jews was a name made and given to Hebrew Hyksos Amorites in Babylon in 600 BC only
America name and Amorites are not related . The Americas, Western Europe and Britain were invaded in 1000 AD by Vikings led by their masters Turkic Khazars.
The deployment of Amorites was late and slow
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Today, we’re in Matosinhos, Portugal, visiting FASTinov, a biotech that is developing an antimicrobial susceptibility test that are faster than standard assays. The technology could help battle antibiotic resistance by identifying appropriate treatments.
Mission: Founded in 2013, FASTinov is developing a new type of test for antimicrobial susceptibility that can help combat the global health problem of antibiotic resistance. To date, the company has raised €2.7M in grant funding to develop its technology, which uses flow cytometry to detect microbial cell lesions or metabolic changes in bacteria in response to an antibiotic.
Conventional methods involve growing bacteria on agar plates and take more than 48 hours to deliver results. FASTinov’s approach speeds the process up to only two hours, which can reduce medication and hospitalization costs, and combat antimicrobial resistance by preventing the spread of drug-resistant bacterial strains.
Comment: Antibiotic resistance is a major global health problem and is propagated in part by the misuse of antibiotics. Many other biotechs, such as IS Diagnostics and Curetis, are speeding up diagnostics to address the problem, and having a diverse set of approaches can only benefit hospitals, clinicians and patients alike. FASTinov’s technology could add an effective diagnostic tool to the mix.
Image by artem evdokimov/Shutterstock
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Digital SAT Calculator Use
Calculators are important tools. To succeed after high school, you'll need to know how—and when—to use them. The digital SAT Suite allows calculator use throughout the Math section, so you decide when it makes sense to use a calculator and when it won’t be as useful. This more accurately matches the way you use calculators in school and in the real world.
The Math section includes some questions where it’s better not to use a calculator, even though you're allowed to. In these cases, students who make use of structure or their ability to reason may be able to use their time more effectively than students who use a calculator.
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Real Property: Ownership
A father conveyed Greenacre to his two children, a son and a daughter, as joint tenants. The daughter built a duplex on the land. She lived on one side of the house while she rented out the other. The son lived out of state and rarely visited Greenacre. The son, struggling for money, sold his interest in Greenacre to a friend. The friend immediately hired an architect and created a blueprint for a new house on the land. Shortly after the conveyance, the son was killed in a car accident. The friend is now petitioning the court for a judicial partition of Greenacre. The daughter argues that upon the son’s death, she became the sole owner of Greenacre.
How should the judge rule?
A: For the friend, because he intends to occupy the land.
B: For the friend, because he purchased the son’s interest.
C: For the daughter, because she has the right of survivorship.
D: For the daughter, because she has exclusive possession of the land.
Want to get more practice with over 1,600+ MBE questions?
Still on the fence?
👉🏻 Read this review of AdaptiBar and what others have said about it.
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New Ways of Teaching Lead To First Year Students Scientific Breakthrough
By Ted Smillie on Monday, August 31st, 2015
Features in QESP NewsletterVolume 27 , Issue 8 - ISSN 1325-2070
Our July article The Anti-Lecture Debate was triggered by the University of Adelaide’s ban on lectures and gave links to various viewpoints from academia on the value of lectures, including the comment “some have even claimed lectures are as bad for learning as smoking is for health.” Since then, an interesting result has been reported from a different educational initiative.
A 17 August 2015 ScienceDaily article, Futuristic electronics one step nearer, from the Faculty of Science – University of Copenhagen reports that first-year Nano Science bachelor students became published researchers after a re-structuring of the study program in 2010 from a programme structured upon research-based instruction, to one that uses teaching-based research. Thomas Just Sørensen, an associate professor at the University of Copenhagen, spearheaded the research project. He notes “For us as a university, the big news is obviously that first year students conducted the research. But, we achieved a very significant result in molecular electronics as well…. Our self-assembling electronics are a bit like putting cake layers, custard and frosting in a blender and having it all pop out of the blender as a perfectly formed layer cake”
The article outlines the teaching-based research approach: “For their first assignment, the students were simply asked to design, conduct and analyse a range of experiments. The new instructional type has shed research results every year since. However, it wasn’t until 2013 that a result was ready to be published.”
The goal of such educational initiatives is summed up in an August 19, 2015 article in The Conversation, Teaching how to think is just as important as teaching anything else, by Peter Ellerton, Lecturer in Critical Thinking at The University of Queensland. That article references a new paper on teaching critical thinking skills in science “It is a common lamentation that students are not taught to think, but there is usually an accompanying lack of clarity about exactly what that might mean.”
Peter goes on to answer the question What are thinking skills? And to explain Why inquiry is necessary and why we must be able to talk about our thinking.
Another article in The Conversation deals with a different kind of educational initiative which deserves more attention. The August 21, 2015 article, Flexischools have a lot to teach mainstream schools, by Martin Mills, Chair professor at The University of Queensland, starts by quoting some of the responses given when pupils in flexischools across Australia and the UK were asked what they’d be doing if they weren’t at this school.
Hanging out in the streets
The article notes that flexischools are a relatively new form of alternative schooling in Australia and have grown from just a few community-based projects to one of the fastest-growing type of new schools in Australia. “Many of the original flexischools began in parks, shopping malls and community buildings with very little funding, and provided educational support to young homeless people. Now many flexischools open their doors as fully accredited schools.”
Martin believes that flexischools have a lot to teach mainstream schools. “There are many young people in flexischools who are now fully engaged in learning and yet they either rejected or were rejected by the mainstream… As a principal once told us, these young people are not disengaged, they have been disenfranchised, and it is the responsibility of all in education to ensure that their right to an education is realised. At the moment flexischools are carrying much of the weight of this responsibility.Tags: Education
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ISO 45001 – Occupational Health and Safety Management System
ISO 45001 is one of the most important international managerial standards the
organizations can use to establish occupational health and safety management
system that focus on controlling the different hazards in the workplace and the
This course shall describe the importance and the contents of this standard and how
to identify the different hazards in the workplace.Who should attend?
Selected persons from different departments and persons involved in Occupational
Health & Safety processes including managers from different departments and safety
At the end of the course the trainees will:
• Understand the occupational health and safety definitions.
• Understand the occupational health and safety MS importance.
• Understand the 10 clauses of ISO 45001.
• Understand the safety regulations in the workplace.
• Understand how to identify the different hazards.
• Understand the hazards identification techniques.
• Understand the risk assessment methodologies
• Understand How to establish safety objectives and programs
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Revision tips – a few topics that should be compulsory
Students often choose to revise topics that either they know they find interesting or perhaps ones that they already understand. Working on the idea that you will have 10 hours at most to revise the whole IGCSE specification this holiday, this should be avoided if at all possible. Use the “traffic lights” checklists in the revision booklets to target your revision within a particular topic.
Topics that boys often avoid revising (are some of these just a little dull?) but which examiners seem to like to test are given below:
- Deforestation and link with climate change
- Cycles in Ecology (Carbon, Nitrogen and Water)
- Natural Selection (you can almost guarantee there will be a question on this)
- Genetic Engineering (pay close attention to the syllabus points about specific examples and ethical objections)
- Variety of Living Organisms (Classification) – there are loads of specific details about the Five Kingdoms with specific examples: go through this section of the specification really carefully!
- Food – balanced diet idea and the specific vitamins mentioned in the specification
- Air pollution – sulphur dioxide (acid rain) and carbon monoxide
- Fermenters – how to grow bacteria and the specific conditions needed
- Fish Farming – remember someone in the exam board loves fish farming! Make sure you understand the specific details of how the fish farm is set up and the potential problems: this tiny part of the syllabus has been over-represented massively in the past few years: please take care to ensure you don’t get caught out by another fish farming question…..
The basic message in this post is this: your course is not IGCSE Human Biology so make sure you don’t just revise for this!
Keep working hard and tweet me with any questions or make a comment on this blog post.
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