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original_problem stringlengths 40 971	original_solution stringlengths 1 42	augmented_problem stringlengths 108 1.27k	augmented_solution stringlengths 1 367	distractor_metadata dict
Problem: Statement: Fact1: Shivering occurs when many muscles contract a little bit all at once. Fact2: Heat production is increased by shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis. Question: what happens when many muscles contract a little bit all at once? (A) heat is produced (B) To keep their body heat. (C) biceps (D) ...	A	Problem: Statement: Fact1: Shivering occurs when many muscles contract a little bit all at once. Fact2: Heat production is increased by shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis. Question: what happens when many muscles contract a little bit all at once? (A) heat is produced (B) To keep their body heat. (C) biceps (D) ...	A	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "An independent sub-question (identify an anatomical structure among the choices) is fused into the original problem so the solver must separate the two tasks and avoid using the distractor when answering the main question.", "name": "Compositional underst...
Statement: Fact1: if an animal lives under ground then that animal will be protected from a wild fire. Fact2: Moles construct a series of tunnels in the ground. Question: What are protected from wild fires? (A) moles in tunnels (B) most organisms (C) some invertebrates (D) one celled organisms (E) raccoons in brush (F)...	A	Statement: Fact1: if an animal lives under ground then that animal will be protected from a wild fire. Fact2: Moles construct a series of tunnels in the ground. Question: What are protected from wild fires? (A) moles in tunnels (B) most organisms (C) some invertebrates (D) one celled organisms (E) raccoons in brush (F)...	A	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "An independent, smaller sub-problem (a True/No question about whether moles are mammals) is fused into the original item, forcing the solver to separate the two tasks and avoid conflating them.", "name": "Compositional understanding" } ], "estimat...
Statement: Fact1: Antigens are molecules that the immune system recognizes as foreign to the body. Fact2: An allergy is a reaction to a substance the body recognizes as foreign. Question: An allergy can be caused by (A) antigens (B) Pesticides (C) cold weather (D) fever (E) viruses (F) food (G) Smoking (H) germs	A	Statement: Fact1: Antigens are molecules that the immune system recognizes as foreign to the body. Fact2: An allergy is a reaction to a substance the body recognizes as foreign. Question: An allergy can be caused by (A) antigens (B) Pesticides (C) cold weather (D) fever (E) viruses (F) food (G) Smoking (H) germs. Separ...	A; For the unrelated lab exercise: 10 mL	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "An independent arithmetic sub-problem (volume addition) is fused into the original biology multiple-choice question, requiring the solver to separate the two tasks and avoid conflating them.", "name": "Compositional understanding" } ], "estimated_...
Statement: Fact1: Lymph is a fluid that leaks out of capillaries into spaces between cells. Fact2: Capillaries are microscopic vessels. Question: What does lymph fluid leak out of into spaces between cells? (A) inherited antigens + antibody (B) Microscopic vessels. (C) nucleotides composing polymers (D) saves lives (E)...	B	Statement: Fact1: Lymph is a fluid that leaks out of capillaries into spaces between cells. Fact2: Capillaries are microscopic vessels. Question: What does lymph fluid leak out of into spaces between cells? (A) inherited antigens + antibody (B) Microscopic vessels. (C) nucleotides composing polymers (D) saves lives (E)...	B	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "An independent true/false sub-question about relative vessel size was fused into the original multiple-choice problem, requiring the solver to separate the two tasks.", "name": "Compositional understanding" } ], "estimated_difficulty_increase": "M...
Statement: Fact1: Slime molds are fungus-like protists commonly found on rotting logs and compost. Fact2: Methane gas is produced by rotting compost, trash, and human waste. Question: Slime molds can produce (A) Localized damage (B) methane gas (C) bioaerosols (D) Chemical energy (E) reproduce (F) massive damage (G) he...	B	Statement: Fact1: Slime molds are fungus-like protists commonly found on rotting logs and compost. Fact2: Methane gas is produced by rotting compost, trash, and human waste. Question: Slime molds can produce (A) Localized damage (B) methane gas (C) bioaerosols (D) Chemical energy (E) reproduce (F) massive damage (G) he...	B	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "An independent sub-problem (classify which options are 'forms of energy') was fused into the original question, requiring the solver to separate the two tasks and avoid conflating them.", "name": "Compositional understanding" } ], "estimated_diffi...
Statement: Facts: Fact1: wind is used for producing electricity. Fact2: Electrical energy is also energy. Question: What is wind used for? (A) producing energy (B) Movement of an air mass (C) animal transport (D) cutting hair (E) spread flower seeds (F) Metling snow (G) smoking cigarettes (H) freezing ice	A	Statement: Facts: Fact1: wind is used for producing electricity. Fact2: Electrical energy is also energy. Question: What is wind used for? (A) producing energy (B) Movement of an air mass (C) animal transport (D) cutting hair (E) spread flower seeds (F) Metling snow (G) smoking cigarettes (H) freezing ice Additionally...	A	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "An independent multiple-choice sub-problem (about SI units) is fused into the original question so the solver must separate the two tasks and not conflate their options or facts.", "name": "Compositional understanding" } ], "estimated_difficulty_i...
Statement: Fact1: Viruses are not cells. Fact2: Tissues are made of cells. Question: Viruses are not what (A) tissue (B) protected (C) expelled (D) disease (E) humans (F) A drug. (G) parasites (H) dangerous	A	Statement: Fact1: Viruses are not cells. Fact2: Tissues are made of cells. Question: Viruses are not what (A) tissue (B) protected (C) expelled (D) disease (E) humans (F) A drug. (G) parasites (H) dangerous. Part II (independent sub-question): Statement: Fact3: All mammals are animals. Fact4: Bats are mammals. Question...	A	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "An independent, related biological multiple-choice sub-question (about mammals and bats) is fused into the original single-question item so a solver must separate the two tasks and avoid mixing premises or answers.", "name": "Compositional understanding" ...
Statement: Fact1: harming an animal species causes that animal's population to decrease. Fact2: Pollution from garbage can harm cave animals. Question: How can pollution from garbage affect cave animals? (A) increase populations (B) reduce populations (C) attract predators (D) Pesticides (E) Make them lose their sight ...	B	Statement: Fact1: harming an animal species causes that animal's population to decrease. Fact2: Pollution from garbage can harm cave animals. Question: How can pollution from garbage affect cave animals? (A) increase populations (B) reduce populations (C) attract predators (D) Pesticides (E) Make them lose their sight ...	B	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Fused an independent arithmetic sub-problem (percentage decline of a bat colony) into the original semantic reasoning question, requiring the solver to separate the two tasks.", "name": "Compositional understanding" } ], "estimated_difficulty_incr...
Statement: Fact1: Mollusks reproduce sexually. Fact2: Clams, oysters and snails are familiar mollusks. Question: How do snails reproduce? (A) Asexually (B) seeds (C) Sexually (D) ligt (E) mechanical (F) Eggs (G) Pollination (H) movement	C	Statement: Fact1: Mollusks reproduce sexually. Fact2: Clams, oysters and snails are familiar mollusks. Question: How do snails reproduce? (A) Asexually (B) seeds (C) Sexually (D) ligt (E) mechanical (F) Eggs (G) Pollination (H) movement. Also, in the same mixed quiz there is a separate, independent question: A gardener...	C	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "An independent math sub-question was fused into the original biology question, so the solver must separate and answer two distinct problems rather than treating the options as a single set.", "name": "Compositional understanding" } ], "estimated_d...
Statement: Fact1: a light bulb converts electrical energy into light energy when it is turned on. Fact2: Too much ultraviolet energy may cause skin cancer. Question: Exposure to which of the following can cause skin cancer? (A) Gene Rayburn (B) some types of light bulbs (C) bad thoughts (D) Deoxyribonucleicacid (E) wat...	B	Statement: Fact1: a light bulb converts electrical energy into light energy when it is turned on. Fact2: Too much ultraviolet energy may cause skin cancer. Question: Exposure to which of the following can cause skin cancer? (A) Gene Rayburn (B) some types of light bulbs (C) bad thoughts (D) Deoxyribonucleicacid (E) wat...	Main question answer: B. Bonus calculation: Energy = power * time = 60 W * (2 hours = 7200 s) = 432000 J total; 10% of that is 43200 J (ultraviolet energy).	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "An independent numerical sub-problem (energy calculation) is fused into the main multiple-choice question, requiring the solver to separate the tasks.", "name": "Compositional understanding" } ], "estimated_difficulty_increase": "Moderate. The add...
Problem: Statement: Fact1: Cell division is more complex in eukaryotes than prokaryotes. Fact2: Mitosis is cell division. Question: This process is always more complex in eukaryotes than prokaryotes (A) eukaryotic infection (B) mitosis (C) kinetic (D) movement (E) breathing (F) recycling (G) photosynthesis (H) relocati...	B	Problem: Statement: Fact1: Cell division is more complex in eukaryotes than prokaryotes. Fact2: Mitosis is cell division. Separately, as an unrelated mini-question about physics, which of the following options best corresponds to the concept of motion? (This is independent of the biology facts above.) Question: This ...	B	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "An independent sub-problem (a small physics question about motion) is fused into the biological multiple-choice item, requiring the solver to separate and answer two distinct questions using the same option list.", "name": "Compositional understanding" ...
Statement: Fact1: the mass of a planet causes the pull of gravity on that planet. Fact2: Gravity is what causes things to have weight. Question: What does the mass of a planet cause things to have? (A) weight (B) dreams (C) Energy. (D) sleep (E) light (F) energy (G) support (H) density	A	Statement: Fact1: the mass of a planet causes the pull of gravity on that planet. Fact2: Gravity is what causes things to have weight. As a separate, independent sub-problem: if an astronaut has mass 80 kg, what is the gravitational force on them at Earth's surface (use g = 9.8 m/s^2)? Question: What does the mass of a...	A	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "An independent quantitative sub-problem (compute weight from mass and g) is fused into the original conceptual question, requiring the solver to separate the two tasks and avoid conflating the arithmetic sub-problem with the conceptual multiple-choice question....
Statement: Determine whether the second sentence is the cause or the effect of the first sentence. The clock chimed. It was the top of the hour.	cause	Statement: Determine whether the second sentence is the cause or the effect of the first sentence. The clock chimed and the cat jumped. It was the top of the hour.	cause	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "An independent sub-event ('the cat jumped') is fused into the first sentence alongside the original event ('the clock chimed'), forcing the solver to separate the events and determine which event the second sentence (It was the top of the hour) relates to.", ...
Statement: You are given two sentences separated by a newline. Decide whether the second sentence is the cause or the effect of the first sentence. Respond with either cause or effect. The artist mixed yellow paint into blue paint. The paint turned green.	effect	Statement: You are given two sentences separated by a newline. Decide whether the second sentence is the cause or the effect of the first sentence. Also, as a separate independent task, decide whether the first sentence is in active or passive voice (this is an independent subproblem that must be solved separately). Re...	effect	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "An independent sub-problem (classify voice of the first sentence as active or passive) is fused into the main problem, requiring the solver to separate the two tasks and avoid conflating them.", "name": "Compositional understanding" } ], "estimate...
Statement: Determine whether the second sentence is the cause or the effect of the first sentence. The woman tripped on the sidewalk. There was a crack in the cement.	cause	Statement: Determine whether the second sentence is the cause or the effect of the first sentence. The woman tripped on the sidewalk. There was a crack in the cement. Additionally, as a separate independent question unrelated to the causality judgment, indicate whether the verb in the first sentence is in the past or p...	cause	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "An independent sub-problem (tense identification) is fused into the main causality task, requiring the solver to separate the two tasks and solve them independently.", "name": "Compositional understanding" } ], "estimated_difficulty_increase": "mo...
Statement: You are given two statements separated by a newline. Judge whether the second sentence is the cause or effect of the first. Label the instance as cause or effect. The coach gave his player a high five. The player scored a point.	cause	Statement: You are given two statements separated by a newline. Judge whether the second sentence is the cause or effect of the first. Label the instance as cause or effect. The coach gave his player a high five. The player scored a point. Separately, for an unrelated mini-task, determine whether the following pair ar...	cause	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "An independent sub-problem (a paraphrase judgment) is fused into the example so the solver must separate and solve two different tasks.", "name": "Compositional understanding" } ], "estimated_difficulty_increase": "Medium — the additional plausibl...
Statement: Determine whether the second sentence is the cause or the effect of the first sentence. The player tackled his opponent. His opponent hit the ground.	effect	Statement: Determine whether the second sentence is the cause or the effect of the first sentence. The player tackled his opponent. His opponent hit the ground. (Separate, unrelated sub-problem follows — treat independently.) Statement: Determine whether the second sentence is the cause or the effect of the first sent...	effect	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Adds an independent cause/effect sub-problem to the prompt so the solver must separate two similar tasks and avoid conflating them.", "name": "Compositional understanding" } ], "estimated_difficulty_increase": "Moderate — likely to increase confus...
Statement: Determine whether the second sentence is the cause or the effect of the first sentence. Label your answer as cause or effect. Sentences: The boat capsized. It was caught in a hurricane.	cause	Statement: Determine whether the second sentence is the cause or the effect of the first sentence. Label your answer as cause or effect. Sentences: The boat capsized. It was caught in a hurricane. Bonus (unrelated): As a separate question, is 29 a prime number? Answer 'yes' or 'no'.	cause	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Fused an independent, unrelated sub-problem (a simple prime-check question) into the original task so the solver must separate the two tasks and avoid being distracted.", "name": "Compositional understanding" } ], "estimated_difficulty_increase": ...
Statement: You are given two sentences separated by a newline. Decide whether the second sentence is the cause or effect of the first sentence. Label the instance as cause or effect. The students exited the classroom. The bell rang.	cause	Statement: You are given two sentences separated by a newline. Decide whether the second sentence is the cause or effect of the first sentence. Label the instance as cause or effect. The students exited the classroom. The bell rang. (Note: The short paragraph below is a separate, independent subtask introduced to incr...	cause	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "An independent subtask (an unrelated sentence pair asking about entailment) is fused into the problem, so a solver must separate the main cause/effect judgment from the unrelated subtask.", "name": "Compositional understanding" } ], "estimated_dif...
Statement: You are given two statements separated by a newline. Judge whether the second sentence is the cause or effect of the first one. Respond with either cause or effect. The cook stirred the ingredients in the bowl. The ingredients blended together.	effect	Statement: You are given two statements separated by a newline. Judge whether the second sentence is the cause or effect of the first one. As an independent secondary task, also determine whether both sentences are in the same grammatical tense (answer yes or no). This secondary check is separate and should not affect ...	effect	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "An independent secondary subtask (checking whether the two sentences share the same grammatical tense) is fused into the original problem, requiring the solver to separate and handle two tasks independently.", "name": "Compositional understanding" } ...
Problem: Statement: Decide whether the second sentence is the cause or effect of the first one. Label as cause or effect. Sentences: The timer in the kitchen went off. The man took the pizza out of the oven. Solution: effect	effect	Problem: Statement: Decide whether the second sentence is the cause or effect of the first one. Label as cause or effect. Sentences: The timer in the kitchen went off. The man took the pizza out of the oven. Separately, as an unrelated subtask, count how many words are in the second sentence (this is independent of the...	effect	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "An independent sub-problem (word-count of the second sentence) is fused into the main problem, forcing the solver to separate tasks and avoid mixing the two reasoning chains.", "name": "Compositional understanding" } ], "estimated_difficulty_incre...
Statement: You are given two sentences separated by a newline. Judge whether the second sentence is the cause or effect of the first one. Label the instance as cause or effect. The boy was lost in the woods. He screamed for help.	effect	Statement: You are given two sentences separated by a newline. Judge whether the second sentence is the cause or effect of the first one. Label the instance as cause or effect. The boy was lost in the woods. He screamed for help. (Separately and unrelated to the causal judgment above, perform a small independent task:...	effect	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "An independent sub-problem (word-counting) was fused into the main causal-relation task, requiring the solver to separate and solve two tasks independently.", "name": "Compositional understanding" } ], "estimated_difficulty_increase": "moderate — ...
Statement: Judge whether the second sentence is the cause or effect of the first. Label either cause or effect. They travelers checked into their hotel room. They unpacked their suitcases. Solution: effect	effect	Statement: Judge whether the second sentence is the cause or effect of the first. Label either cause or effect. Also, as a separate subtask (independent of the causal judgment), count the number of words in the first sentence and indicate whether that number is even or odd. They travelers checked into their hotel room....	effect	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "An independent, separate subtask (word-count parity) is fused into the prompt so the solver must separate tasks and avoid conflating them with the core causal judgment.", "name": "Compositional understanding" } ], "estimated_difficulty_increase": ...
Statement: Given two sentences separated by a newline, decide whether the second sentence is the cause or the effect of the first sentence. Respond with either cause or effect. The veteran walked with a limp. He was injured in battle.	cause	Statement: Given two sentences separated by a newline, decide whether the second sentence is the cause or the effect of the first sentence. Respond with either cause or effect. As a completely separate task (unrelated to the cause/effect decision), state whether the second sentence is in active or passive voice. The v...	cause	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "An independent sub-problem (voice classification of the second sentence) is fused into the main cause/effect task, forcing the solver to separate and solve two distinct tasks.", "name": "Compositional understanding" } ], "estimated_difficulty_incr...
Statement: Decide whether the second sentence is the cause or the effect of the first sentence. Label as cause or effect. Sentences: The man lifted the heavy box. He put out his back.	effect	Statement: Decide whether the second sentence is the cause or the effect of the first sentence. Label as cause or effect. Sentences: The man lifted the heavy box. He put out his back. Additionally, as a separate annotation task (unrelated to the cause/effect decision), determine whether the sentence "The mechanic tigh...	effect	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "An independent annotation sub-task (voice classification of an unrelated sentence) is fused into the original cause/effect task, requiring the solver to separate and solve two different problems.", "name": "Compositional understanding" } ], "estim...
Statement: Decide whether the second sentence is the cause or the effect of the first sentence. Respond with either cause or effect. The man anticipated the team's victory. He made a bet with his friends.	effect	Statement: Decide whether the second sentence is the cause or the effect of the first sentence. Respond with either cause or effect. The man anticipated the team's victory. He made a bet with his friends. (Separate, unrelated pair — treat independently) For the following independent example, also decide whether the se...	effect	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "An independent second cause/effect pair is fused into the prompt, forcing the solver to separate the two tasks and avoid answering the wrong pair.", "name": "Compositional understanding" } ], "estimated_difficulty_increase": "moderate — increases ...
Statement: Given two sentences separated by a newline, judge whether the second sentence is the cause or effect of the first. Label the instance as cause or effect. The student arrived to class soaking wet. His umbrella was broken.	cause	Statement: Given two sentences separated by a newline, judge whether the second sentence is the cause or effect of the first. Label the instance as cause or effect. The student arrived to class soaking wet. His umbrella was broken. Unrelated example (separate pair): The cafeteria ran out of milk. The coffee line got l...	cause	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "An independent sentence-pair sub-problem is appended, requiring the solver to separate two distinct cause/effect judgments and ignore the unrelated one when producing the required label for the original pair.", "name": "Compositional understanding" } ...
Statement: Decide whether the second sentence is the cause or effect of the first sentence. Reply with either cause or effect. Sentences: The chandelier shattered on the floor. The chandelier dropped from the ceiling.	cause	Statement: Decide whether the second sentence is the cause or effect of the first sentence. Reply with either cause or effect. Sentences: The chandelier shattered on the floor. The chandelier dropped from the ceiling. Also, as a separate, independent check (do not let this affect your main decision), indicate whether t...	cause	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "An independent sub-problem (checking for a preposition in the first sentence) was fused into the prompt, forcing the solver to separate the two tasks and avoid letting the auxiliary task influence the cause/effect judgment.", "name": "Compositional unders...
Problem: Statement: You are given a short story of exactly 5 sentences where the second sentence is missing. Identify which of the two candidate sentences best connects Sentence 1 with Sentences 3–5. Sentence 1: Amy went to the store to try on wedding dresses. Sentence 3: The salesperson had to cut her out of the dress...	A	Problem: Statement: You are given a short story of exactly 5 sentences where the second sentence is missing. Identify which of the two candidate sentences best connects Sentence 1 with Sentences 3–5. Sentence 1: Amy went to the store to try on wedding dresses. Sentence 3: The salesperson had to cut her out of the dress...	A; Passive	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "An independent sub-problem (classify sentence voice) is fused into the main task, requiring the solver to separate and answer two unrelated tasks.", "name": "Compositional understanding" } ], "estimated_difficulty_increase": "Moderate. The extra i...
Problem: Statement: You are given a short story consisting of exactly 5 sentences where the second sentence is missing. Decide which of the two options best connects the first sentence with the rest of the story. Sentences: 1: Allie was nervous for the new iPhone. 2: [missing] 3: But she waited in line anyway 4: When i...	A	Problem: Statement: You are given a short story consisting of exactly 5 sentences where the second sentence is missing. Decide which of the two options best connects the first sentence with the rest of the story. Sentences: 1: Allie was nervous for the new iPhone. 2: [missing] 3: But she waited in line anyway 4: When i...	A	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Fused an independent algebraic sub-problem into the main task so the solver must separate the unrelated math task from the narrative coherence decision.", "name": "Compositional understanding" } ], "estimated_difficulty_increase": "Moderate — the ...
Statement: You are given a short story of exactly five sentences where the second sentence is missing. Choose which option best connects Sentence 1 with Sentences 3–5 so the story remains consistent. Sentence 1: Kim loved animals. Sentence 3: Kim was excited and played with all the animals Sentence 4: She fed several a...	B	Statement: You are given a short story of exactly five sentences where the second sentence is missing. Choose which option best connects Sentence 1 with Sentences 3–5 so the story remains consistent. Sentence 1: Kim loved animals. Sentence 3: Kim was excited and played with all the animals Sentence 4: She fed several a...	B	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "An independent arithmetic sub-problem about treats is fused into the story selection task, forcing the solver to separate two tasks (narrative coherence and a numeric calculation).", "name": "Compositional understanding" } ], "estimated_difficulty...
Problem: Statement: Task: You are given a short story of exactly 5 sentences where sentence 2 is missing. Fill the missing sentence by choosing the option that best connects Sentence 1 with Sentences 3–5, keeping the story consistent. Sentence 1: Arun dreamt for most of his life of visiting Italy. Sentence 3: Finally ...	A	Problem: Statement: Task: You are given a short story of exactly 5 sentences where sentence 2 is missing. Fill the missing sentence by choosing the option that best connects Sentence 1 with Sentences 3–5, keeping the story consistent. Sentence 1: Arun dreamt for most of his life of visiting Italy. Sentence 3: Finally ...	A	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "An independent, unrelated subtask (a truth/entailment check about prior visits) was fused into the main example, forcing the solver to separate two problems: selecting the best connecting sentence and evaluating a separate entailment claim.", "name": "Com...
Problem: Statement: You are given a short story of exactly 5 sentences where the second sentence is missing. Choose the option that best connects the first sentence with the rest of the story. The incorrect option will change the subsequent storyline so that at least one of the three subsequent sentences is no longer c...	Option 2	Problem: Statement: You are given a short story of exactly 5 sentences where the second sentence is missing. Choose the option that best connects the first sentence with the rest of the story. The incorrect option will change the subsequent storyline so that at least one of the three subsequent sentences is no longer c...	Option 2	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "An independent arithmetic sub-problem (time conversion to milliseconds) is fused into the main multiple-choice sentence-connection task, requiring the solver to separate the two tasks and avoid conflating them.", "name": "Compositional understanding" ...
Problem: Statement: You are given a five-sentence short story where the second sentence is missing. Sentence 1: Ron had always wanted to catch a big marlin. Sentence 3: He threw his line out Sentence 4: Then a bite came on the line Sentence 5: Next thing he knew there was a giant marlin in their boat! Two candidate sen...	A	Problem: Statement: You are given a five-sentence short story where the second sentence is missing. Sentence 1: Ron had always wanted to catch a big marlin. Sentence 3: He threw his line out Sentence 4: Then a bite came on the line Sentence 5: Next thing he knew there was a giant marlin in their boat! Two candidate sen...	A	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "Fused an independent syntactic micro-task (verb transitivity judgment) into the main narrative-choice problem, requiring the solver to separate narrative coherence reasoning from a separate linguistic analysis.", "name": "Compositional understanding" ...
Problem: Statement: You are given a short story of exactly 5 sentences where the second sentence is missing. Sentence 1: Luke's grass in his yard was growing fast. Sentence 3: Luke priced new mowers but they were too expensive Sentence 4: He decided to buy a used one at a pawn shop Sentence 5: Now Luke's yard is always...	A	Problem: Statement: You are given a short story of exactly 5 sentences where the second sentence is missing. Sentence 1: Luke's grass in his yard was growing fast. Sentence 3: Luke priced new mowers but they were too expensive Sentence 4: He decided to buy a used one at a pawn shop Sentence 5: Now Luke's yard is always...	A	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "An independent secondary task (identify which sentence has the most words) is fused into the problem so the solver must separate the two tasks mentally and avoid letting the unrelated task influence the choice between options.", "name": "Compositional und...
Problem: Statement: You are given a five-sentence short story where the second sentence is missing. Determine which of the two options best connects the first sentence with the rest of the story, so that the subsequent sentences remain consistent. Sentence 1: Natalie wanted a tropical fish tank inside of her home. Sent...	Option 1	Problem: Statement: You are given a five-sentence short story where the second sentence is missing. Determine which of the two options best connects the first sentence with the rest of the story, so that the subsequent sentences remain consistent. Sentence 1: Natalie wanted a tropical fish tank inside of her home. (Sep...	Option 1	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "An independent small arithmetic sub-problem was fused into the story text, requiring the solver to separate the unrelated math task from the core narrative decision.", "name": "Compositional understanding" } ], "estimated_difficulty_increase": "Mo...
Statement: You are given a short story of five sentences where the second sentence is missing. Decide which option best connects the first sentence with sentences three through five. Sentence 1: Jake was drinking at the club. Sentence 3: He thought he was sober enough Sentence 4: A cop pulled him over Sentence 5: Jake ...	A	Statement: You are given a short story of five sentences where the second sentence is missing. Decide which option best connects the first sentence with sentences three through five. Sentence 1: Jake was drinking at the club. Sentence 3: He thought he was sober enough Sentence 4: A cop pulled him over Sentence 5: Jake ...	A	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "An independent arithmetic sub-problem about patrons is fused into the original sentence-connection task, requiring the solver to separate the two tasks and avoid letting the unrelated calculation influence the core choice between A and B.", "name": "Compo...
Problem: Statement: You are given a short story consisting of exactly 5 sentences where the second sentence is missing. Choose which option best connects the first sentence with the rest of the story. Sentence 1: Steph turned on his car radio. Sentence 3: This irritated him Sentence 4: He decided to punch the radio Sen...	Option 1	Problem: Statement: You are given a short story consisting of exactly 5 sentences where the second sentence is missing. Choose which option best connects the first sentence with the rest of the story. Sentence 1: Steph turned on his car radio. Sentence 3: This irritated him Sentence 4: He decided to punch the radio Sen...	Option 1	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "An independent arithmetic sub-problem (compute 9 × 7) was fused into the original task, requiring the solver to separate and solve two independent tasks.", "name": "Compositional understanding" } ], "estimated_difficulty_increase": "Moderate — for...
Problem: Statement: You are given a short story of exactly 5 sentences where the second sentence is missing. Choose which option best connects the first sentence with the rest of the story. Sentence 1: Allan and Fran have been married for 20 years. Sentence 3: But they are no longer connecting as lovers Sentence 4: The...	Option 2	Problem: Statement: You are given a short story of exactly 5 sentences where the second sentence is missing. Choose which option best connects the first sentence with the rest of the story. Sentence 1: Allan and Fran have been married for 20 years. Sentence 3: But they are no longer connecting as lovers Sentence 4: The...	Option 2	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "An independent sub-problem (a prime-number check) is fused into the main problem text, forcing the solver to separate and ignore or solve the extra task while keeping the original decision intact.", "name": "Compositional understanding" } ], "esti...
Statement: You are given a 5-sentence story where the second sentence is missing. Sentence 1: Cathy was in a rush to get to school. Sentence 3: All day, girls gave her some weird looks Sentence 4: Finally, at the end of the day she looked in the mirror Sentence 5: She realized that she had left a big streak in her foun...	Option 1	Statement: You are given a 5-sentence story where the second sentence is missing. Sentence 1: Cathy was in a rush to get to school. Sentence 3: All day, girls gave her some weird looks Sentence 4: Finally, at the end of the day she looked in the mirror Sentence 5: She realized that she had left a big streak in her foun...	Option 1	{ "distractor_types_used": [ { "description": "An independent mini-question (geometry area calculation) is fused into the original story-selection task, forcing the solver to separate and answer two unrelated subproblems.", "name": "Compositional understanding" } ], "estimated_difficulty_incre...