messages listlengths 2 4 |
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"content": "Please summarize the following context:\n\nto be treated according to local guideline-recommended therapy for heart failure and comorbidities. Adjustments to therapy were possible during the course of the study, but the use of SGLT-2 inhibitors or fixed combinations with an SGLT-2 inhibitor – with... |
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{
"content": "Lateral medullary syndrome is associated with\n\nA.: Dissociative anaesthesia\nB.: Dense hemianaesthesia\nC.: Crossed hemianesthesia\nD.: No sensory defect\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
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"c... |
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"content": "What is the term for the force that enables plants to grow through concrete and rocks?A: hydrotropism\nB: geotropism\nC: turgor pressure\nD: root pressure",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
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"content": "The force that enables plants to grow through concrete and rocks i... |
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{
"content": "Please summarize the following context:\n\n− hand and respiratory hygiene (but mapped as ‘hand hygiene’ only as no evidence on respiratory hygiene was identified)\n\n− cleaning (such as cleaning of surfaces)\n\n− ventilation\n\n• measures to identify and isolate those who are infectious or may bec... |
[
{
"content": "Do the genome and proteome of a Campylobacter coli bacteriophage vB_CcoM-IBB_35 reveal unusual features?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "The genome ... |
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{
"content": "Does a combination of flaxseed oil and astaxanthin alleviate atherosclerosis risk factors in high fat diet fed rats?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
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{
"content": ... |
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"content": "Analyse the provided patient case and recommend the most appropriate course of action.\nPatient: 28-year-old male, smoker, complaining of a persistent cough with whitish phlegm and mild shortness of breath for three weeks. No fever, but the patient reports recently losing weight unintentionally. A... |
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{
"content": "The purpose of implementing the \"closed fishing season\" in the coastal waters of our country in recent years is ( )\nA: To control the size and number of fish caught, achieving sustainable development of fisheries\nB: To inspect fishing vessels and fishing gear, saving fuel\nC: To prevent the o... |
[
{
"content": "Is early eradication of pathogens from middle ear fluid during antibiotic treatment of acute otitis media associated with improved clinical outcome?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role":... |
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"content": "Do clinical nurse specialists lead teams to impact glycemic control after cardiac surgery?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "Clinical nurse specialist... |
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{
"content": "In a marine ecosystem, the removal of a top predator can have significant impacts on the trophic levels below. If a top predator is removed from a stable marine ecosystem, which of the following outcomes is most likely according to ecological theory?\n\nA: The removal will have no significant impa... |
[
{
"content": "Is central obesity an independent risk factor for microalbuminuria in both the general Korean women and nondiabetic nonhypertensive subpopulation : Association of microalbuminuria and metabolic syndrome from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2012?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\n... |
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{
"content": "Please summarize the following context:\n\n, including taxanes and gemcitabine,13,31- 33 as previously discussed in the 2019 consensus statement.\n\nMore recently, the EV-103 cohort K included platin um-ineligible patients with an ECOG performance status o $\\\\ensuremath{\\\\mathrm{ ~~\\\\boldma... |
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"content": "In the context of gene therapy, consider a patient with a genetic disorder caused by a recessive mutation in a gene encoding a crucial enzyme. The patient is homozygous for the mutation, meaning they have two mutant alleles. A novel gene therapy approach aims to introduce one corrective copy of th... |
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{
"content": "Structures passing through the aoic hiatus of diaphragm are:\na. Aoa\nb. Azygos vein\nc. Thoracic duct\nd. All\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
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"content": "The aortic hiatus is an opening in ... |
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{
"content": "Does [ The Postoperative C-Reactive Protein Level be an Early Predictor of Infectious Complications after Gastric Cancer Resection ]?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
... |
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"content": "Does dsRNA silencing of an R2R3-MYB transcription factor affect flower cell shape in a Dendrobium hybrid?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "The questi... |
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{
"content": "Feature of shock lung is -\na. Diffuse alveolar damage\nb. Usual interstitial pneumonitis\nc. Organizing pneumonia\nd. Bronchilolitis\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "Shock lung, ... |
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{
"content": "Please summarize the following context:\n\nboth of which can be self-administered, proxy-administered, or rater-administered. The APA\nendorses the use of WHODAS 2.0 to assess function and includes both the 36- and 12-item self-administered\nquestionnaires in the DSM-5. The WHODAS 2.0 has demonstr... |
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{
"content": "Does pulse Oximetry overestimate Oxyhemoglobin in Neonates with Critical Congenital Heart Disease?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Pulse oximetry es... |
[
{
"content": "Does a novel human anti-syndecan-1 antibody inhibit vascular maturation and tumour growth in melanoma?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "The question ... |
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{
"content": "Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy with non caseating granuloma is seen in ?\na. TB\nb. Lymphoma\nc. Sarcoidosis\nd. All of the above\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
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{
"content": "Bilateral hilar... |
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{
"content": "Does nF1 regulate a Ras-dependent vascular smooth muscle proliferative injury response?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The question asks whether nF... |
[
{
"content": "Does strong hypoxia reduce leptin synthesis in purified primary human trophoblasts?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The question asks whether strong... |
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"content": "Please provide a detailed description of over 200 words for LYX Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd, a biotechnology firm located at Suite 45, Innovation Hub, 27 Kingsway Avenue, Melbourne, Australia, that specializes in developing cutting-edge gene therapies and personalized medicine solutions.",
"reason... |
[
{
"content": "In a patient with phenylketonuria, which enzyme is primarily responsible for the breakdown of aspartame into its components, including phenylalanine, leading to potential hyperphenylalaninemia?",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
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"content": "The enzyme primarily respon... |
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"content": "In a population of 500 individuals, the allele frequencies for a gene with two alleles (B and b) are 0.6 and 0.4, respectively. If the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, how many individuals are expected to be heterozygous (Bb)?\n\nA: 120\nB: 150\nC: 180\nD: 200\nE: 240\nF: 250\nG: 300\n... |
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"content": "Do unique motifs identify PIG-A proteins from glycosyltransferases of the GT4 family?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
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"content": "PIG-A proteins are involved in... |
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{
"content": "Is current recommended dosing of vancomycin for children with invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections inadequate?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
}... |
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{
"content": "Are serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations associated with prevalence of metabolic syndrome and various cardiometabolic risk factors in US children and adolescents based on assay-adjusted serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D data from NHANES 2001-2006?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by... |
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{
"content": "Does addition of arabinoxylan and mixed linkage glucans in porcine diets affect the large intestinal bacterial populations?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
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{
"con... |
[
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"content": "Does molecular profiling of stroma identify osteopontin as an independent predictor of poor prognosis in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
}... |
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"content": "Which of the following syndrome is not associated with the Talon’s cusp?\na. Sturge Weber syndrome\nb. Rubinstein Taybi syndrome\nc. Mohr syndrome\nd. Peutz-Jeghers syndrome\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "use... |
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"content": "True statement about Ductus Aeriosus is :\na. It undergoes anatomic closure within 24 hrs of bih\nb. Forms the ligamentum venosum in later life\nc. It is induced to close by high levels of prostaglandins\nd. May cause a machinary murmur by its patency\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your fi... |
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{
"content": "Mirrizi syndrome -\n\nA.: Cyst present in CBD\nB.: Stone in cystic duct compressing CBD\nC.: Obstruction of pancreatic duct\nD.: Stone in Rt hepatic duct\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
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{
"con... |
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{
"content": "Does airbag protection versus compartment intrusion effect determine the pattern of injuries in multiple trauma motor vehicle crashes?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
... |
[
{
"content": "Does reoxygenation of hypoxic coronary smooth muscle cells amplify growth-retarding effects of ionizing irradiation?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": ... |
[
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"content": "Does analysis of the genetics of boar taint reveal both single SNPs and regional effects?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The genetics of boar taint... |
[
{
"content": "Is experimental congenital vesicoureteral reflux in sheep associated with reduced renal expression levels of aquaporin 1 and 2?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
{
... |
[
{
"content": "Does up-regulation of Bcl-2 through hyperbaric pressure transfection of TGF-beta1 ameliorate ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat cardiac allografts?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": ... |
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{
"content": "Is gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist use associated with increased pregnancy rates in ovulation induction-intrauterine insemination to in vitro fertilization conversions , independent of age and estradiol level on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin administration?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\n... |
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{
"content": "Most common cause of empyema is -\na. Bronchopleural fistula\nb. Tubercular pneumonia\nc. Bacterial pneumonia\nd. Pleurisy\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Empyema is the accumula... |
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{
"content": "Overall most common cause of acute glomerulonephritis in young children?\na. Post-Streptococcal GN\nb. Idiopathic RPGN\nc. IgA nephropathy\nd. Membranous GN\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
{
"... |
[
{
"content": "Does 3D-visualization improve the dry-lab coronary anastomoses using the Zeus robotic system?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The question asks whet... |
[
{
"content": "Is functionality of postprandial larger HDL2 particles enhanced following CETP inhibition therapy?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The question asks... |
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{
"content": "How does the mode of fungal spore dispersal impact the germination and colonization success of different fungal species in different ecological niches?",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The mode of fungal spore dispersal is a critical evolutionary adaptat... |
[
{
"content": "Is mammaglobin expression in leukapheresis products a predictive marker of poor prognosis in women with high-risk breast cancer?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
{
... |
[
{
"content": "Acute mechanical large bowel obstruction should be operated early because -\na. Electrolyte imbalance due to third space loss\nb. Septicaemia from absorption of bowel contents\nc. Early gangrene and perforation\nd. Respiratory embarrassment to massive abdminal distension\n\nPlease reason step by s... |
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{
"content": "Is poor vitamin C status associated with increased depression symptoms following acute illness in older people?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The ... |
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{
"content": "Does exercise training improve activity in adolescents with congenital heart disease?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Exercise training is generally... |
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{
"content": "Which of the following processes is primarily responsible for the removal of metabolic waste from the body, and how does it interact with the circulatory and excretory systems to maintain homeostasis during prolonged physical activity?\n\nA: The glomerular filtration, by filtering blood through th... |
[
{
"content": "Are delayed latencies of auditory evoked potential P300 associated with the severity of Parkinson 's disease in older patients?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
{
... |
[
{
"content": "Is high protein expression of EZH2 related to unfavorable outcome to tamoxifen in metastatic breast cancer?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The ques... |
[
{
"content": "Which is true about Type-2 muscle fibres?\na. Increased myoglobin\nb. It is slower, oxidative and red\nc. Increased Isoenzyme ATPase activity\nd. Glycolytic capacity moderate\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "us... |
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{
"content": "Does microRNA profiling of the pubertal mouse mammary gland identify miR-184 as a candidate breast tumour suppressor gene?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
{
"cont... |
[
{
"content": "Do kidney stone matrix proteins ameliorate calcium oxalate monohydrate induced apoptotic injury to renal epithelial cells?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
{
"cont... |
[
{
"content": "Do late preterm infants have worse 24-month neurodevelopmental outcomes than term infants?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Late preterm infants, def... |
[
{
"content": "In a patient with head injury black eye associated with subconjunctival haemorrhage occurs when there is -\na. Fracture of floor and anterior cranial fossa\nb. Bleeding between the skin and galea aponeurotica\nc. Haemorrhage between galea aponeurotica and pericranium\nd. Fracture of greater wing o... |
[
{
"content": "In population genetics, the inbreeding coefficient (F) measures the likelihood of homozygosity due to common ancestry. If a population has an inbreeding coefficient of 0.25, what does this indicate about the mating patterns within the population?\n\nA: The population is experiencing random mating.... |
[
{
"content": "In a marine ecosystem, a species of fish is facing a decline due to overfishing and habitat destruction. The fish population is currently estimated at 200 individuals, and a conservation program is being designed to restore the population. Which of the following strategies is most likely to effect... |
[
{
"content": "Does sevoflurane improve myocardial ischaemic tolerance in a closed-chest porcine model?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Sevoflurane, an inhalationa... |
[
{
"content": "What are the symptoms of insect bites and stings?",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Insect bites and stings can cause a wide range of symptoms, varying greatly in severity depending on the insect, the individual's sensitivity, and the location of the bite... |
[
{
"content": "Which of the following is not a cycling dependant kinase (CRK) inhibitor\na. P21\nb. P27\nc. P53\nd. P57\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The question asks which of the following ... |
[
{
"content": "Does deficiency of senescence marker protein 30 exacerbate angiotensin II-induced cardiac remodelling?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The question ... |
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{
"content": "Identify two conditions from the following list that are not typically associated with massive proteinuria: amyloidosis, renal vein thrombosis, polycystic kidneys, and polyarteritis nodosa.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The conditions listed are amylo... |
[
{
"content": "Gastric wash contraindicated in:\na. Oxalic acid\nb. Sulphuric acid\nc. Opiate\nd. Dhatura\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Gastric wash, or gastric lavage, is a procedure used to... |
[
{
"content": "Does parenteral nutrition modify glucose and glutamine metabolism in rat isolated enterocytes?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Parenteral nutrition ... |
[
{
"content": "Is fruit juice consumption associated with improved nutrient adequacy in children and adolescents : the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( NHANES ) 2003-2006?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_c... |
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{
"content": "TSC1 gene plays a vital role in pathogenesis of a neurocutaneous syndrome called Tuberous sclerosis. It is located on which chromosome?\na. Chromosome 16\nb. Chromosome 9\nc. Chromosome 4\nd. Chromosome 3\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_c... |
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{
"content": "Match a lipoprotein complex with a function. \n a. Chylomicrons \n b. Very low density lipoproteins \n c. Low-density lipoproteins \n d. High-density lipoproteins \n \n 1. Formed from very low density lipoproteins. \n 2. Formed in the intestine. \n 3. Slowly accumulate chole... |
[
{
"content": "Does fosmid library end sequencing reveal a rarely known genome structure of marine shrimp Penaeus monodon?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Fosmid l... |
[
{
"content": "Which of the following is not commonly associated with non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE)?\na. SLE\nb. IV drug abuse\nc. APLA syndrome\nd. Mucinous adenocarcinoma\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user... |
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{
"content": "The clinical indications for tricyclic anti-depressants include all the following except\na. Enuresis In elderly subject\nb. Neuropathic pain\nc. Panic disorder\nd. Uncontrolled seizure\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
... |
[
{
"content": "Do the relationship between binaural benefit and difference in unilateral speech recognition performance for bilateral cochlear implant users?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user... |
[
{
"content": "Which cow-sized, vegetarian species had a widespread distribution and appeared frequently in fossil records near the extinction event?A: Diplodocus\nB: Triceratops\nC: Stegosaurus\nD: Lystrosaurus",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The question asks for a ... |
[
{
"content": "Taxonomically chlamydia is a?\na. Bacteria\nb. Virus\nc. Fungus\nd. Nematode\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Chlamydia, specifically referring to *Chlamydia trachomatis*, is a ge... |
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{
"content": "In the context of gene regulation and chromatin structure, which of the following mechanisms is primarily responsible for the dynamic changes in chromatin accessibility that allow transcription factors to bind to DNA and initiate gene expression?\n\nA: DNA methylation exclusively at promoter regio... |
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{
"content": "The most frequently encountered clostridia' species in gas gangrene is\na. Clostridium botulinum\nb. Clostridium welchii\nc. Clostridium tetani\nd. Clostridium difficile\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
... |
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{
"content": "Please summarize the following context:\n\nLau reports a grant from Allergopharma\nplus personal fees for data monitoring committee\nactivities for Merck; R. van Ree reports personal fees\nfrom HAL Allergy BV and Citeq BV outside of the\n\n105EAACI\nEAACI Guideline: AIT for Rhinoconjunctivitis\nsu... |
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{
"content": "During mitosis, the correct segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells is crucial. Which of the following molecular mechanisms plays a critical role in ensuring the proper alignment and segregation of chromosomes during metaphase?\nA: The action of kinetochores and the attachment of microtubul... |
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{
"content": "Is urinary bisphenol A associated with dysregulation of HPA-axis function in pregnant women : Findings from the APrON cohort study?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
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{
... |
[
{
"content": "How can the growth and metabolic activity of microorganisms be optimized for bioreactor design and operation in order to maximize the production of desired products and minimize undesirable by-products?",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Optimizing microor... |
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{
"content": "Nonlmmune hydrops foetalis is seen In all except:\na. b - Thalassemia\nb. Parvovirus-19\nc. Rh-incompatibility\nd. Chromosomal anomaly\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Nonimmune h... |
[
{
"content": "Is a structured implicit abstraction method to evaluate whether content of counseling before prostate cancer screening consistent with recommendations by experts?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": nul... |
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{
"content": "Are elevated troponin levels predictive of mortality in surgical intracerebral hemorrhage patients?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Elevated troponi... |
[
{
"content": "Which of the following cellular mechanisms is primarily responsible for the removal of damaged organelles and proteins, a process that is often impaired in aging cells?\nA: Telomere shortening\nB: DNA methylation\nC: Protein synthesis\nD: Mitochondrial biogenesis\nE: Lipid peroxidation\nF: Autopha... |
[
{
"content": "Does home-based detoxification for neonatal abstinence syndrome reduce length of hospital admission without prolonging treatment?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
{
... |
[
{
"content": "Do multiple lupus-associated ITGAM variants alter Mac-1 functions on neutrophils?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The ITGAM gene encodes the integri... |
[
{
"content": "Does a common SCN5A variant alter the responsiveness of human sodium channels to class I antiarrhythmic agents?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The ... |
[
{
"content": "Does sildenafil restore endothelial function in the apolipoprotein E knockout mouse?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The question asks whether silde... |
[
{
"content": "Do peyer 's patches play a protective role in nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced enteropathy in mice?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Peyer... |
[
{
"content": "How do different microbial communities affect soil health and fertility?",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Different microbial communities profoundly influence soil health and fertility through complex interactions, acting as the engine of nutrient cyclin... |
[
{
"content": "Which of the following processes is **not** typically associated with the development of atherosclerosis?\nA: Oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL)\nB: Inflammation of the arterial walls\nC: Smooth muscle cell proliferation\nD: Endothelial dysfunction\nE: Increased insulin sensitivity\nF: Li... |
[
{
"content": "Major Basic Protein is formed by -\n\nA.: Lymphocyte\nB.: Basophil\nC.: Neutrophil\nD.: Eosinophil\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Major Basic Protein (MBP) is a protein found in... |
[
{
"content": "Are maternal obesity and gestational weight gain risk factors for infant death?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Maternal obesity and excessive gesta... |
[
{
"content": "Please summarize the following context:\n\nAssessment and Management of Pressure Injuries for the Interprofessional Team, T hird Edition\n\n# Review of Co-morbid Health Conditions\n\nAn assessment of co-morbid conditions will identify factors that may interfere with pressure injury healing. Wound ... |
[
{
"content": "Are hemochromatosis-causing mutations C282Y and H63D risk factors for atherothrombotic cerebral infarction?\n\nA.: yes\nB.: no\nC.: maybe\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Hemochro... |
[
{
"content": "Structure NOT passing through Aortic opening of diaphragm\na. Azygos vein\nb. Aorta\nc. Thoracic duct\nd. Vagus\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The aortic hiatus of the diaphragm... |
[
{
"content": "Which of the following plant hormones is primarily responsible for promoting seed dormancy and stress responses, and is known to close stomata during water stress?\nA: Auxin (IAA)\nB: Cytokinin\nC: Gibberellin\nD: Ethylene\nE: Abscisic acid\nF: Brassinosteroids\nG: Jasmonic acid\nH: Salicylic acid... |
[
{
"content": "Glycosylated hemoglobin reflects the mean blood glucose level of previous\n\nA.: 15days\nB.: 1 month\nC.: 3 months\nD.: 6 months\n\nPlease reason step by step, and put your final answer within \\boxed{}.",
"reasoning_content": null,
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Glycosylated hemo... |
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