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5ad3ede0604f3c001a3ff7bd
Canadian_Armed_Forces
The Canadian Rangers, who provide surveillance and patrol services in Canada's arctic and other remote areas, are an essential reserve force component used for Canada's exercise of sovereignty over its northern territory.
What do non-Canadian Rangers perform?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What do [MASK] [MASK] perform?
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5ad3ede0604f3c001a3ff7be
Canadian_Armed_Forces
The Canadian Rangers, who provide surveillance and patrol services in Canada's arctic and other remote areas, are an essential reserve force component used for Canada's exercise of sovereignty over its northern territory.
Where do the non-Canadian Rangers operate?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Where do the non - Canadian [MASK] operate?
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5ad3ede0604f3c001a3ff7bf
Canadian_Armed_Forces
The Canadian Rangers, who provide surveillance and patrol services in Canada's arctic and other remote areas, are an essential reserve force component used for Canada's exercise of sovereignty over its northern territory.
Which force aren't the Rangers part of?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Which force are n't the [MASK] part of?
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5ad3ede0604f3c001a3ff7c0
Canadian_Armed_Forces
The Canadian Rangers, who provide surveillance and patrol services in Canada's arctic and other remote areas, are an essential reserve force component used for Canada's exercise of sovereignty over its northern territory.
What genocide did the Canadian Rangers start?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What genocide did [MASK] start?
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5ad3ef82604f3c001a3ff815
Canadian_Armed_Forces
The Constitution of Canada gives the federal government exclusive responsibility for national defence, and expenditures are thus outlined in the federal budget. For the 2008–2009 fiscal year, the amount allocated for defence spending was CAD$18.9 billion. This regular funding was augmented in 2005 with an additional CA...
What gives the federal government responsibility for international defense?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What gives the federal government responsibility for international defense?
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5ad3ef82604f3c001a3ff816
Canadian_Armed_Forces
The Constitution of Canada gives the federal government exclusive responsibility for national defence, and expenditures are thus outlined in the federal budget. For the 2008–2009 fiscal year, the amount allocated for defence spending was CAD$18.9 billion. This regular funding was augmented in 2005 with an additional CA...
What year was an additional 12.5 Billion Canadian Dollars assigned for over 10 years?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What year was [MASK] assigned for over [MASK]?
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5ad3ee4a604f3c001a3ff7e7
Canadian_Armed_Forces
Although the Canadian Armed Forces are a single service, there are three similar but distinctive environmental uniforms (DEUs): navy blue (which is actually black) for the navy, rifle green for the army, and light blue for the air force. CAF members in operational occupations generally wear the DEU to which their occup...
What color is the DEU uniform if it isn't green?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What color is the [MASK] uniform if it is n't green?
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5ad3ee4a604f3c001a3ff7e8
Canadian_Armed_Forces
Although the Canadian Armed Forces are a single service, there are three similar but distinctive environmental uniforms (DEUs): navy blue (which is actually black) for the navy, rifle green for the army, and light blue for the air force. CAF members in operational occupations generally wear the DEU to which their occup...
What are the "red" trades?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What are the "red" trades?
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5ad3ee4a604f3c001a3ff7e9
Canadian_Armed_Forces
Although the Canadian Armed Forces are a single service, there are three similar but distinctive environmental uniforms (DEUs): navy blue (which is actually black) for the navy, rifle green for the army, and light blue for the air force. CAF members in operational occupations generally wear the DEU to which their occup...
What does "DUE" stand for?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What does" [MASK]" stand for?
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5ad3ee4a604f3c001a3ff7ea
Canadian_Armed_Forces
Although the Canadian Armed Forces are a single service, there are three similar but distinctive environmental uniforms (DEUs): navy blue (which is actually black) for the navy, rifle green for the army, and light blue for the air force. CAF members in operational occupations generally wear the DEU to which their occup...
What is the fourth similar environmental uniform?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What is the [MASK] similar environmental uniform?
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5ad2dc0dd7d075001a42a50e
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In 1059, the right of electing the pope was reserved to the principal clergy of Rome and the bishops of the seven suburbicarian sees. In the 12th century the practice of appointing ecclesiastics from outside Rome as cardinals began, with each of them assigned a church in Rome as his titular church or linked with one of...
Who did not have the right of electing the pope in 1059?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Who did not have the right of electing the pope in [MASK]?
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5ad2dc0dd7d075001a42a50f
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In 1059, the right of electing the pope was reserved to the principal clergy of Rome and the bishops of the seven suburbicarian sees. In the 12th century the practice of appointing ecclesiastics from outside Rome as cardinals began, with each of them assigned a church in Rome as his titular church or linked with one of...
Who held the right to appoint ecclesiastics from outside Rome in 1059?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Who held the right to appoint ecclesiastics from outside [MASK] in [MASK]?
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5ad2dc0dd7d075001a42a510
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In 1059, the right of electing the pope was reserved to the principal clergy of Rome and the bishops of the seven suburbicarian sees. In the 12th century the practice of appointing ecclesiastics from outside Rome as cardinals began, with each of them assigned a church in Rome as his titular church or linked with one of...
What were the cardinals not assigned?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What were the cardinals not assigned?
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5ad2dc0dd7d075001a42a511
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In 1059, the right of electing the pope was reserved to the principal clergy of Rome and the bishops of the seven suburbicarian sees. In the 12th century the practice of appointing ecclesiastics from outside Rome as cardinals began, with each of them assigned a church in Rome as his titular church or linked with one of...
Where outside of Rome were the ecclesiastics assigned?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Where outside of [MASK] were the ecclesiastics assigned?
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5ad2de57d7d075001a42a586
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The term cardinal at one time applied to any priest permanently assigned or incardinated to a church, or specifically to the senior priest of an important church, based on the Latin cardo (hinge), meaning "principal" or "chief". The term was applied in this sense as early as the ninth century to the priests of the titu...
What does the Latin cardo not mean?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What does the [MASK] cardo not mean?
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5ad2de57d7d075001a42a587
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The term cardinal at one time applied to any priest permanently assigned or incardinated to a church, or specifically to the senior priest of an important church, based on the Latin cardo (hinge), meaning "principal" or "chief". The term was applied in this sense as early as the ninth century to the priests of the titu...
What is the term applied to any priest temporarily assigned or incardinated to a church?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What is the term applied to any priest temporarily assigned or incardinated to a church?
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5ad2de57d7d075001a42a588
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The term cardinal at one time applied to any priest permanently assigned or incardinated to a church, or specifically to the senior priest of an important church, based on the Latin cardo (hinge), meaning "principal" or "chief". The term was applied in this sense as early as the ninth century to the priests of the titu...
What term was applied as early as the eighth century to the priests of the tituli of the diocese of Rome?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What term was applied as early as [MASK] to the priests of the tituli of the diocese of [MASK]?
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5ad2de57d7d075001a42a589
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The term cardinal at one time applied to any priest permanently assigned or incardinated to a church, or specifically to the senior priest of an important church, based on the Latin cardo (hinge), meaning "principal" or "chief". The term was applied in this sense as early as the ninth century to the priests of the titu...
What term was used by the Church of France that is held by two senior members of the College of Minor Canon of St. Paul's Catherdral?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What term was used by [MASK] that is held by [MASK] senior members of [MASK]?
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5ad2de57d7d075001a42a58a
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The term cardinal at one time applied to any priest permanently assigned or incardinated to a church, or specifically to the senior priest of an important church, based on the Latin cardo (hinge), meaning "principal" or "chief". The term was applied in this sense as early as the ninth century to the priests of the titu...
Which church maintains the original meaning of the Greek word "cardo"?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Which church maintains the original meaning of the [MASK] word" cardo"?
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5ad2e303d7d075001a42a638
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In cities other than Rome, the name cardinal began to be applied to certain church men as a mark of honour. The earliest example of this occurs in a letter sent by Pope Zacharias in 747 to Pippin III (the Short), ruler of the Franks, in which Zacharias applied the title to the priests of Paris to distinguish them from ...
What term was applied to certain political leaders as a mark of honor?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What term was applied to certain political leaders as a mark of honor?
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5ad2e303d7d075001a42a639
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In cities other than Rome, the name cardinal began to be applied to certain church men as a mark of honour. The earliest example of this occurs in a letter sent by Pope Zacharias in 747 to Pippin III (the Short), ruler of the Franks, in which Zacharias applied the title to the priests of Paris to distinguish them from ...
What did Pippin III call priests of Paris to distinguish them from county clergy?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What did [MASK] call priests of [MASK] to distinguish them from county clergy?
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5ad2e303d7d075001a42a63a
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In cities other than Rome, the name cardinal began to be applied to certain church men as a mark of honour. The earliest example of this occurs in a letter sent by Pope Zacharias in 747 to Pippin III (the Short), ruler of the Franks, in which Zacharias applied the title to the priests of Paris to distinguish them from ...
What century did the term cardinal spread quickly throughout various Muslim cities?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What century did the term cardinal spread quickly throughout various [MASK] cities?
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5ad2e303d7d075001a42a63b
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In cities other than Rome, the name cardinal began to be applied to certain church men as a mark of honour. The earliest example of this occurs in a letter sent by Pope Zacharias in 747 to Pippin III (the Short), ruler of the Franks, in which Zacharias applied the title to the priests of Paris to distinguish them from ...
In what year did Pope Zacharias reserve the title for the cardinals of Rome?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
In what year did Pope [MASK] reserve the title for the cardinals of [MASK]?
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5ad2e303d7d075001a42a63c
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In cities other than Rome, the name cardinal began to be applied to certain church men as a mark of honour. The earliest example of this occurs in a letter sent by Pope Zacharias in 747 to Pippin III (the Short), ruler of the Franks, in which Zacharias applied the title to the priests of Paris to distinguish them from ...
Who had a special class among clergy known as priests in the 9th century?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Who had a special class among clergy known as priests in [MASK]?
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5ad2e52d604f3c001a3fd901
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In the year 1563 the influential Ecumenical Council of Trent, headed by Pope Pius IV, wrote about the importance of selecting good Cardinals. According to this historic council "nothing is more necessary to the Church of God than that the holy Roman pontiff apply that solicitude which by the duty of his office he owes ...
What year did the Ecumenical Council of Trent headed by Pope Zacharius write about the importance of selecting good cardinals?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What year did [MASK] headed by Pope [MASK] write about the importance of selecting good cardinals?
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5ad2e52d604f3c001a3fd902
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In the year 1563 the influential Ecumenical Council of Trent, headed by Pope Pius IV, wrote about the importance of selecting good Cardinals. According to this historic council "nothing is more necessary to the Church of God than that the holy Roman pontiff apply that solicitude which by the duty of his office he owes ...
Who led the Ecumenical Council of Thames?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Who led [MASK]?
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5ad2e52d604f3c001a3fd903
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In the year 1563 the influential Ecumenical Council of Trent, headed by Pope Pius IV, wrote about the importance of selecting good Cardinals. According to this historic council "nothing is more necessary to the Church of God than that the holy Roman pontiff apply that solicitude which by the duty of his office he owes ...
Who did the historic council determine that the College of Cardinals should select as cardinals?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Who did the historic council determine that [MASK] should select as cardinals?
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5ad2e52d604f3c001a3fd904
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In the year 1563 the influential Ecumenical Council of Trent, headed by Pope Pius IV, wrote about the importance of selecting good Cardinals. According to this historic council "nothing is more necessary to the Church of God than that the holy Roman pontiff apply that solicitude which by the duty of his office he owes ...
What did our Lord Jesus Christ not require according to the Council of Trent?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What did our Lord [MASK] not require according to [MASK]?
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5ad2e52d604f3c001a3fd905
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In the year 1563 the influential Ecumenical Council of Trent, headed by Pope Pius IV, wrote about the importance of selecting good Cardinals. According to this historic council "nothing is more necessary to the Church of God than that the holy Roman pontiff apply that solicitude which by the duty of his office he owes ...
Who would not be negligent or forgetful of their office?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Who would not be negligent or forgetful of their office?
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5ad2e74a604f3c001a3fd95d
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The earlier influence of temporal rulers, notably the French kings, reasserted itself through the influence of cardinals of certain nationalities or politically significant movements. Traditions even developed entitling certain monarchs, including those of Austria, Spain, and Portugal, to nominate one of their trusted ...
Who reasserted the earliest influence of temporal subjects?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Who reasserted the earliest influence of temporal subjects?
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5ad2e74a604f3c001a3fd95e
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The earlier influence of temporal rulers, notably the French kings, reasserted itself through the influence of cardinals of certain nationalities or politically significant movements. Traditions even developed entitling certain monarchs, including those of Austria, Spain, and Portugal, to nominate one of their trusted ...
Who did the English kings appoint to influence politically significant movement?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Who did the [MASK] kings appoint to influence politically significant movement?
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5ad2e74a604f3c001a3fd95f
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The earlier influence of temporal rulers, notably the French kings, reasserted itself through the influence of cardinals of certain nationalities or politically significant movements. Traditions even developed entitling certain monarchs, including those of Austria, Spain, and Portugal, to nominate one of their trusted ...
What tradition in England, France, and Portugal developed entitling certain political influencers to nominate their trusted subjects?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What tradition in [MASK], [MASK], and [MASK] developed entitling certain political influencers to nominate their trusted subjects?
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5ad2e74a604f3c001a3fd960
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The earlier influence of temporal rulers, notably the French kings, reasserted itself through the influence of cardinals of certain nationalities or politically significant movements. Traditions even developed entitling certain monarchs, including those of Austria, Spain, and Portugal, to nominate one of their trusted ...
Who did not reassert themselves through the influence of cardinals?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Who did not reassert themselves through the influence of cardinals?
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5ad2e80c604f3c001a3fd97b
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In early modern times, cardinals often had important roles in secular affairs. In some cases, they took on powerful positions in government. In Henry VIII's England, his chief minister was Cardinal Wolsey. Cardinal Richelieu's power was so great that he was for many years effectively the ruler of France. Richelieu succ...
What role did priests have in secular affairs?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What role did priests have in secular affairs?
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5ad2e80c604f3c001a3fd97c
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In early modern times, cardinals often had important roles in secular affairs. In some cases, they took on powerful positions in government. In Henry VIII's England, his chief minister was Cardinal Wolsey. Cardinal Richelieu's power was so great that he was for many years effectively the ruler of France. Richelieu succ...
Who did not take powerful positions in government?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Who did not take powerful positions in government?
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5ad2e80c604f3c001a3fd97d
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In early modern times, cardinals often had important roles in secular affairs. In some cases, they took on powerful positions in government. In Henry VIII's England, his chief minister was Cardinal Wolsey. Cardinal Richelieu's power was so great that he was for many years effectively the ruler of France. Richelieu succ...
Who acted as Henry VI's chief minister?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Who acted as [MASK] chief minister?
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5ad2e80c604f3c001a3fd97e
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In early modern times, cardinals often had important roles in secular affairs. In some cases, they took on powerful positions in government. In Henry VIII's England, his chief minister was Cardinal Wolsey. Cardinal Richelieu's power was so great that he was for many years effectively the ruler of France. Richelieu succ...
Which cardinal had power so great that he effectively ruled England?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Which cardinal had power so great that he effectively ruled [MASK]?
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5ad2e80c604f3c001a3fd97f
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In early modern times, cardinals often had important roles in secular affairs. In some cases, they took on powerful positions in government. In Henry VIII's England, his chief minister was Cardinal Wolsey. Cardinal Richelieu's power was so great that he was for many years effectively the ruler of France. Richelieu succ...
What five great cardinals once ruled France?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What [MASK] great cardinals once ruled [MASK]?
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5ad2e95d604f3c001a3fd9b5
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to 70, comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons. Starting in the pontificate of Pope John XXIII, that limit has been exceeded. At the start of 1971, Pope Paul VI set the number of cardinal electors at a maximum of 120, but set no limit o...
What was the limit of cardinals that Pope Pius implemented?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What was the limit of cardinals that Pope [MASK] implemented?
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5ad2e95d604f3c001a3fd9b6
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to 70, comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons. Starting in the pontificate of Pope John XXIII, that limit has been exceeded. At the start of 1971, Pope Paul VI set the number of cardinal electors at a maximum of 120, but set no limit o...
What did the composition of popes consist of?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What did the composition of popes consist of?
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5ad2e95d604f3c001a3fd9b7
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to 70, comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons. Starting in the pontificate of Pope John XXIII, that limit has been exceeded. At the start of 1971, Pope Paul VI set the number of cardinal electors at a maximum of 120, but set no limit o...
Who implemented the maximum age of 60 years for electors?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Who implemented the maximum age of [MASK] for electors?
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5ad2e95d604f3c001a3fd9b8
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to 70, comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons. Starting in the pontificate of Pope John XXIII, that limit has been exceeded. At the start of 1971, Pope Paul VI set the number of cardinal electors at a maximum of 120, but set no limit o...
Who gave a rank to patriarchs of the Western Catholic Churches?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Who gave a rank to patriarchs of the Western Catholic Churches?
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5ad2e95d604f3c001a3fd9b9
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Pope Sixtus V limited the number of cardinals to 70, comprising six cardinal bishops, 50 cardinal priests, and 14 cardinal deacons. Starting in the pontificate of Pope John XXIII, that limit has been exceeded. At the start of 1971, Pope Paul VI set the number of cardinal electors at a maximum of 120, but set no limit o...
What can popes not dispense from?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What can popes not dispense from?
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5ad2ece2604f3c001a3fd9d5
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Each cardinal takes on a titular church, either a church in the city of Rome or one of the suburbicarian sees. The only exception is for patriarchs of Eastern Catholic Churches. Nevertheless, cardinals possess no power of governance nor are they to intervene in any way in matters which pertain to the administration of ...
What do cardinals do in order to influence governing or administration of goods, discipline, or service of their titular churches?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What do cardinals do in order to influence governing or administration of goods, discipline, or service of their titular churches?
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5ad2ece2604f3c001a3fd9d6
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Each cardinal takes on a titular church, either a church in the city of Rome or one of the suburbicarian sees. The only exception is for patriarchs of Eastern Catholic Churches. Nevertheless, cardinals possess no power of governance nor are they to intervene in any way in matters which pertain to the administration of ...
Which Moroccan cities do cardinals get assigned to their titular church?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Which [MASK] cities do cardinals get assigned to their titular church?
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5ad2ece2604f3c001a3fd9d7
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Each cardinal takes on a titular church, either a church in the city of Rome or one of the suburbicarian sees. The only exception is for patriarchs of Eastern Catholic Churches. Nevertheless, cardinals possess no power of governance nor are they to intervene in any way in matters which pertain to the administration of ...
What duties are nuns allowed to perform?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What duties are nuns allowed to perform?
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5ad2ece2604f3c001a3fd9d8
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Each cardinal takes on a titular church, either a church in the city of Rome or one of the suburbicarian sees. The only exception is for patriarchs of Eastern Catholic Churches. Nevertheless, cardinals possess no power of governance nor are they to intervene in any way in matters which pertain to the administration of ...
Who does not offer monetary support to their titular churches?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Who does not offer monetary support to their titular churches?
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5ad2ece2604f3c001a3fd9d9
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Each cardinal takes on a titular church, either a church in the city of Rome or one of the suburbicarian sees. The only exception is for patriarchs of Eastern Catholic Churches. Nevertheless, cardinals possess no power of governance nor are they to intervene in any way in matters which pertain to the administration of ...
What do many nuns do for their titular churches?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What do many nuns do for their titular churches?
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5ad2ee21604f3c001a3fd9e7
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The Dean of the College of Cardinals in addition to such a titular church also receives the titular bishopric of Ostia, the primary suburbicarian see. Cardinals governing a particular Church retain that church.
Who receives the titular bisphoric of Tok Hangari?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Who receives the titular bisphoric of [MASK]?
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5ad2ee21604f3c001a3fd9e8
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The Dean of the College of Cardinals in addition to such a titular church also receives the titular bishopric of Ostia, the primary suburbicarian see. Cardinals governing a particular Church retain that church.
What other title does the Dean of the College of Priests receive upon appointment?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What other title does the Dean of [MASK] receive upon appointment?
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5ad2ee21604f3c001a3fd9e9
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The Dean of the College of Cardinals in addition to such a titular church also receives the titular bishopric of Ostia, the primary suburbicarian see. Cardinals governing a particular Church retain that church.
What do nuns retain if they are governing a particular church?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What do nuns retain if they are governing a particular church?
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5ad2ee21604f3c001a3fd9ea
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
The Dean of the College of Cardinals in addition to such a titular church also receives the titular bishopric of Ostia, the primary suburbicarian see. Cardinals governing a particular Church retain that church.
What is other title does the President of the College of Cardinals receive?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What is other title does the President of [MASK] receive?
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5ad2ef2b604f3c001a3fd9f7
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In 1630, Pope Urban VIII decreed their title to be Eminence (previously, it had been "illustrissimo" and "reverendissimo") and decreed that their secular rank would equate to Prince, making them secondary only to the Pope and crowned monarchs.
What year did Pope Pious II decree their title to be Eminence?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What year did Pope [MASK] decree their title to be Eminence?
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5ad2ef2b604f3c001a3fd9f8
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In 1630, Pope Urban VIII decreed their title to be Eminence (previously, it had been "illustrissimo" and "reverendissimo") and decreed that their secular rank would equate to Prince, making them secondary only to the Pope and crowned monarchs.
What did was the title of the pope before 1630?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What did was the title of the pope before [MASK]?
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5ad2ef2b604f3c001a3fd9f9
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In 1630, Pope Urban VIII decreed their title to be Eminence (previously, it had been "illustrissimo" and "reverendissimo") and decreed that their secular rank would equate to Prince, making them secondary only to the Pope and crowned monarchs.
Who decreed that their secular rank would equate to king?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Who decreed that their secular rank would equate to king?
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5ad2ef2b604f3c001a3fd9fa
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In 1630, Pope Urban VIII decreed their title to be Eminence (previously, it had been "illustrissimo" and "reverendissimo") and decreed that their secular rank would equate to Prince, making them secondary only to the Pope and crowned monarchs.
Who held less power then the cardinal?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Who held less power then the cardinal?
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5ad2f080604f3c001a3fda0d
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In accordance with tradition, they sign by placing the title "Cardinal" (abbreviated Card.) after their personal name and before their surname as, for instance, "John Card(inal) Doe" or, in Latin, "Ioannes Card(inalis) Cognomen". Some writers, such as James-Charles Noonan, hold that, in the case of cardinals, the form ...
What is not the correct way to address a cardinal according to the Archdiocese of Milwaukee?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What is not the correct way to address a cardinal according to [MASK]?
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5ad2f080604f3c001a3fda0e
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In accordance with tradition, they sign by placing the title "Cardinal" (abbreviated Card.) after their personal name and before their surname as, for instance, "John Card(inal) Doe" or, in Latin, "Ioannes Card(inalis) Cognomen". Some writers, such as James-Charles Noonan, hold that, in the case of cardinals, the form ...
How do cardinals sign that is not in accordance with tradition?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
How do cardinals sign that is not in accordance with tradition?
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5ad2f080604f3c001a3fda0f
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In accordance with tradition, they sign by placing the title "Cardinal" (abbreviated Card.) after their personal name and before their surname as, for instance, "John Card(inal) Doe" or, in Latin, "Ioannes Card(inalis) Cognomen". Some writers, such as James-Charles Noonan, hold that, in the case of cardinals, the form ...
What style is generally not followed on the websites of the Holy See and episcopal conferences?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What style is generally not followed on the websites of [MASK] and episcopal conferences?
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5ad2f080604f3c001a3fda10
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In accordance with tradition, they sign by placing the title "Cardinal" (abbreviated Card.) after their personal name and before their surname as, for instance, "John Card(inal) Doe" or, in Latin, "Ioannes Card(inalis) Cognomen". Some writers, such as James-Charles Noonan, hold that, in the case of cardinals, the form ...
How do English Patriarchs typically sign?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
How do [MASK] Patriarchs typically sign?
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5ad2f080604f3c001a3fda11
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In accordance with tradition, they sign by placing the title "Cardinal" (abbreviated Card.) after their personal name and before their surname as, for instance, "John Card(inal) Doe" or, in Latin, "Ioannes Card(inalis) Cognomen". Some writers, such as James-Charles Noonan, hold that, in the case of cardinals, the form ...
Who does not belong to the French clergy?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Who does not belong to the [MASK] clergy?
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5ad2f1ba604f3c001a3fda1f
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In Latin, on the other hand, the [First name] Cardinal [Surname] order is used in the proclamation of the election of a new pope by the cardinal protodeacon: "Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; habemus Papam: Eminentissimum ac Reverendissimum Dominum, Dominum (first name) Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalem (last name), ....
What way is used in the proclamation of the election of a new nun in Latin?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What way is used in the proclamation of the election of a new nun in [MASK]?
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5ad2f1ba604f3c001a3fda20
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In Latin, on the other hand, the [First name] Cardinal [Surname] order is used in the proclamation of the election of a new pope by the cardinal protodeacon: "Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; habemus Papam: Eminentissimum ac Reverendissimum Dominum, Dominum (first name) Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalem (last name), ....
What should a new pope not have been before becoming a pope?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What should a new pope not have been before becoming a pope?
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5ad2f1ba604f3c001a3fda21
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In Latin, on the other hand, the [First name] Cardinal [Surname] order is used in the proclamation of the election of a new pope by the cardinal protodeacon: "Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; habemus Papam: Eminentissimum ac Reverendissimum Dominum, Dominum (first name) Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalem (last name), ....
How should a new pope not be addresses by the Cardinal protodeacon?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
How should a new pope not be addresses by the Cardinal protodeacon?
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5ad2f1ba604f3c001a3fda22
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In Latin, on the other hand, the [First name] Cardinal [Surname] order is used in the proclamation of the election of a new pope by the cardinal protodeacon: "Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum; habemus Papam: Eminentissimum ac Reverendissimum Dominum, Dominum (first name) Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalem (last name), ....
When was the last election of a cardinal?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
When was the last election of a cardinal?
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5ad2f62e604f3c001a3fda63
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
While the incumbents of some sees are regularly made cardinals, and some countries are entitled to at least one cardinal by concordate (usually earning its primate the cardinal's hat), no see carries an actual right to the cardinalate, not even if its bishop is a Patriarch.
Which see carries a right to the cardinalate?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Which see carries a right to the cardinalate?
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5ad2f62e604f3c001a3fda64
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
While the incumbents of some sees are regularly made cardinals, and some countries are entitled to at least one cardinal by concordate (usually earning its primate the cardinal's hat), no see carries an actual right to the cardinalate, not even if its bishop is a Patriarch.
Which bishop carries an actual right to the cardinalate?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Which bishop carries an actual right to the cardinalate?
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5ad2f62e604f3c001a3fda65
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
While the incumbents of some sees are regularly made cardinals, and some countries are entitled to at least one cardinal by concordate (usually earning its primate the cardinal's hat), no see carries an actual right to the cardinalate, not even if its bishop is a Patriarch.
Who is not sometimes entitled to at least one cardinal by concordate?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Who is not sometimes entitled to [MASK] cardinal by concordate?
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5ad2f62e604f3c001a3fda66
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
While the incumbents of some sees are regularly made cardinals, and some countries are entitled to at least one cardinal by concordate (usually earning its primate the cardinal's hat), no see carries an actual right to the cardinalate, not even if its bishop is a Patriarch.
Who are not regularly made cardinals?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Who are not regularly made cardinals?
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5ad2f254604f3c001a3fda2d
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Cardinal bishops (cardinals of the episcopal order) are among the most senior prelates of the Catholic Church. Though in modern times most cardinals are also bishops, the term "cardinal bishop" only refers to the cardinals who are titular bishops of one of the "suburbicarian" sees.
Who is among the most junior prelates of the Catholic Church?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Who is among the most junior prelates of [MASK]?
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5ad2f254604f3c001a3fda2e
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Cardinal bishops (cardinals of the episcopal order) are among the most senior prelates of the Catholic Church. Though in modern times most cardinals are also bishops, the term "cardinal bishop" only refers to the cardinals who are titular bishops of one of the "suburbicarian" sees.
What is a cardinal of the Benedictine order?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What is a cardinal of the [MASK] order?
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5ad2f254604f3c001a3fda2f
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Cardinal bishops (cardinals of the episcopal order) are among the most senior prelates of the Catholic Church. Though in modern times most cardinals are also bishops, the term "cardinal bishop" only refers to the cardinals who are titular bishops of one of the "suburbicarian" sees.
What are most cardinals not known as in modern times?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What are most cardinals not known as in modern times?
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5ad2f254604f3c001a3fda30
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Cardinal bishops (cardinals of the episcopal order) are among the most senior prelates of the Catholic Church. Though in modern times most cardinals are also bishops, the term "cardinal bishop" only refers to the cardinals who are titular bishops of one of the "suburbicarian" sees.
What does the term "cardinal bishop" not refer to?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What does the term "cardinal bishop" not refer to?
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5ad2f313604f3c001a3fda3b
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In early times, the privilege of papal election was not reserved to the cardinals, and for centuries the person elected was customarily a Roman priest and never a bishop from elsewhere. To preserve apostolic succession the rite of consecrating him a bishop had to be performed by someone who was already a bishop. The ru...
What was reserved for the cardinals in early times?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What was reserved for the cardinals in early times?
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5ad2f313604f3c001a3fda3c
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In early times, the privilege of papal election was not reserved to the cardinals, and for centuries the person elected was customarily a Roman priest and never a bishop from elsewhere. To preserve apostolic succession the rite of consecrating him a bishop had to be performed by someone who was already a bishop. The ru...
Who was generally not elected to cardinal in early times?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Who was generally not elected to cardinal in early times?
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5ad2f313604f3c001a3fda3d
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In early times, the privilege of papal election was not reserved to the cardinals, and for centuries the person elected was customarily a Roman priest and never a bishop from elsewhere. To preserve apostolic succession the rite of consecrating him a bishop had to be performed by someone who was already a bishop. The ru...
What is the rule if the person elected is a bishop?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What is the rule if the person elected is a bishop?
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5ad2f313604f3c001a3fda3e
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In early times, the privilege of papal election was not reserved to the cardinals, and for centuries the person elected was customarily a Roman priest and never a bishop from elsewhere. To preserve apostolic succession the rite of consecrating him a bishop had to be performed by someone who was already a bishop. The ru...
What happens if a Nun is elected who is not a bishop?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What happens if a Nun is elected who is not a bishop?
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5ad2f87c604f3c001a3fda71
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
There are seven suburbicarian sees: Ostia, Albano, Porto and Santa Rufina, Palestrina, Sabina and Mentana, Frascati and Velletri. Velletri was united with Ostia from 1150 until 1914, when Pope Pius X separated them again, but decreed that whatever cardinal bishop became Dean of the College of Cardinals would keep the s...
What are the name of the eight suburbicarian sees?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What are the name of the [MASK] suburbicarian sees?
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5ad2f87c604f3c001a3fda72
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
There are seven suburbicarian sees: Ostia, Albano, Porto and Santa Rufina, Palestrina, Sabina and Mentana, Frascati and Velletri. Velletri was united with Ostia from 1150 until 1914, when Pope Pius X separated them again, but decreed that whatever cardinal bishop became Dean of the College of Cardinals would keep the s...
Which two sees were united from 1250 to 1944?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Which [MASK] sees were united from [MASK]?
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5ad2f87c604f3c001a3fda73
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
There are seven suburbicarian sees: Ostia, Albano, Porto and Santa Rufina, Palestrina, Sabina and Mentana, Frascati and Velletri. Velletri was united with Ostia from 1150 until 1914, when Pope Pius X separated them again, but decreed that whatever cardinal bishop became Dean of the College of Cardinals would keep the s...
What did Pope Pius II do to Velletri and Ostia in 1914?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What did Pope [MASK] do to [MASK] and [MASK] in [MASK]?
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5ad2f87c604f3c001a3fda74
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
There are seven suburbicarian sees: Ostia, Albano, Porto and Santa Rufina, Palestrina, Sabina and Mentana, Frascati and Velletri. Velletri was united with Ostia from 1150 until 1914, when Pope Pius X separated them again, but decreed that whatever cardinal bishop became Dean of the College of Cardinals would keep the s...
How did Pope Pius X maintain only four cardinal bishops?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
How did Pope [MASK] maintain only [MASK] cardinal bishops?
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5ad2f87c604f3c001a3fda75
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
There are seven suburbicarian sees: Ostia, Albano, Porto and Santa Rufina, Palestrina, Sabina and Mentana, Frascati and Velletri. Velletri was united with Ostia from 1150 until 1914, when Pope Pius X separated them again, but decreed that whatever cardinal bishop became Dean of the College of Cardinals would keep the s...
What suburbicarian would the President of the College of Cardinal keep in addition to that Velletri?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What suburbicarian would the President of [MASK] keep in addition to that [MASK]?
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5ad2f9f5604f3c001a3fda7b
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Since 1962, the cardinal bishops have only a titular relationship with the suburbicarian sees, with no powers of governance over them. Each see has its own bishop, with the exception of Ostia, in which the Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome is apostolic administrator.
What type of relationship did the pope have with suburbicarian sees?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What type of relationship did the pope have with suburbicarian sees?
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5ad2f9f5604f3c001a3fda7c
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Since 1962, the cardinal bishops have only a titular relationship with the suburbicarian sees, with no powers of governance over them. Each see has its own bishop, with the exception of Ostia, in which the Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome is apostolic administrator.
Who had powers of governance over suburbicarian sees?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Who had powers of governance over suburbicarian sees?
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5ad2f9f5604f3c001a3fda7d
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Since 1962, the cardinal bishops have only a titular relationship with the suburbicarian sees, with no powers of governance over them. Each see has its own bishop, with the exception of Ostia, in which the Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome is apostolic administrator.
In what year did cardinal bishops have the powers of governance over suburbicarian sees?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
In what year did cardinal bishops have the powers of governance over suburbicarian sees?
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5ad2f9f5604f3c001a3fda7e
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Since 1962, the cardinal bishops have only a titular relationship with the suburbicarian sees, with no powers of governance over them. Each see has its own bishop, with the exception of Ostia, in which the Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome is apostolic administrator.
Who is the bishop of Ostia?
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Who is the bishop of [MASK]?
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5ad2f9f5604f3c001a3fda7f
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Since 1962, the cardinal bishops have only a titular relationship with the suburbicarian sees, with no powers of governance over them. Each see has its own bishop, with the exception of Ostia, in which the Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome is apostolic administrator.
Which does each see not have with the exception of Ostia?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Which does each see not have with the exception of [MASK]?
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5ad31a2e604f3c001a3fdb69
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Cardinals have in canon law a "privilege of forum" (i.e., exemption from being judged by ecclesiastical tribunals of ordinary rank): only the pope is competent to judge them in matters subject to ecclesiastical jurisdiction (cases that refer to matters that are spiritual or linked with the spiritual, or with regard to ...
What does the privilege of democracy guarantee cardinals and popes?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What does the privilege of democracy guarantee cardinals and popes?
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5ad31a2e604f3c001a3fdb6a
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Cardinals have in canon law a "privilege of forum" (i.e., exemption from being judged by ecclesiastical tribunals of ordinary rank): only the pope is competent to judge them in matters subject to ecclesiastical jurisdiction (cases that refer to matters that are spiritual or linked with the spiritual, or with regard to ...
Who is forbidden to judge cardinals in matters subject to ecclesiastical jurisdiction?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Who is forbidden to judge cardinals in matters subject to ecclesiastical jurisdiction?
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5ad31a2e604f3c001a3fdb6b
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Cardinals have in canon law a "privilege of forum" (i.e., exemption from being judged by ecclesiastical tribunals of ordinary rank): only the pope is competent to judge them in matters subject to ecclesiastical jurisdiction (cases that refer to matters that are spiritual or linked with the spiritual, or with regard to ...
What does the pope either decide or delegates the decision to the the College of Cardinals?
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What does the pope either decide or delegates the decision to [MASK]?
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5ad31a2e604f3c001a3fdb6c
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
Cardinals have in canon law a "privilege of forum" (i.e., exemption from being judged by ecclesiastical tribunals of ordinary rank): only the pope is competent to judge them in matters subject to ecclesiastical jurisdiction (cases that refer to matters that are spiritual or linked with the spiritual, or with regard to ...
What are cardinals not subject to like everybody else?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What are cardinals not subject to like everybody else?
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5ad3183e604f3c001a3fdb5f
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
To symbolize their bond with the papacy, the pope gives each newly appointed cardinal a gold ring, which is traditionally kissed by Catholics when greeting a cardinal (as with a bishop's episcopal ring). The pope chooses the image on the outside: under Pope Benedict XVI it was a modern depiction of the crucifixion of J...
What does the pope give to each retiring cardinal?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What does the pope give to each retiring cardinal?
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5ad3183e604f3c001a3fdb60
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
To symbolize their bond with the papacy, the pope gives each newly appointed cardinal a gold ring, which is traditionally kissed by Catholics when greeting a cardinal (as with a bishop's episcopal ring). The pope chooses the image on the outside: under Pope Benedict XVI it was a modern depiction of the crucifixion of J...
What does the silver ring symbolize?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What does the silver ring symbolize?
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5ad3183e604f3c001a3fdb61
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
To symbolize their bond with the papacy, the pope gives each newly appointed cardinal a gold ring, which is traditionally kissed by Catholics when greeting a cardinal (as with a bishop's episcopal ring). The pope chooses the image on the outside: under Pope Benedict XVI it was a modern depiction of the crucifixion of J...
What is traditionally kissed by Athiests when greeting a cardinal?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What is traditionally kissed by [MASK] when greeting a cardinal?
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5ad3183e604f3c001a3fdb62
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
To symbolize their bond with the papacy, the pope gives each newly appointed cardinal a gold ring, which is traditionally kissed by Catholics when greeting a cardinal (as with a bishop's episcopal ring). The pope chooses the image on the outside: under Pope Benedict XVI it was a modern depiction of the crucifixion of J...
What includes the cardinal's coat of arms?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What includes the cardinal's coat of arms?
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5ad3183e604f3c001a3fdb63
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
To symbolize their bond with the papacy, the pope gives each newly appointed cardinal a gold ring, which is traditionally kissed by Catholics when greeting a cardinal (as with a bishop's episcopal ring). The pope chooses the image on the outside: under Pope Benedict XVI it was a modern depiction of the crucifixion of J...
What image did Pope John Paul II depict on the outside of the ring?
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What image did Pope [MASK] depict on the outside of the ring?
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5ad31741604f3c001a3fdb55
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In previous times, at the consistory at which the pope named a new cardinal, he would bestow upon him a distinctive wide-brimmed hat called a galero. This custom was discontinued in 1969 and the investiture now takes place with the scarlet biretta. In ecclesiastical heraldry, however, the scarlet galero is still displa...
What was the name of the hat bestowed upon a pope upon his naming?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What was the name of the hat bestowed upon a pope upon his naming?
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5ad31741604f3c001a3fdb56
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In previous times, at the consistory at which the pope named a new cardinal, he would bestow upon him a distinctive wide-brimmed hat called a galero. This custom was discontinued in 1969 and the investiture now takes place with the scarlet biretta. In ecclesiastical heraldry, however, the scarlet galero is still displa...
What custom was discontinued in 1959?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What custom was discontinued in [MASK]?
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5ad31741604f3c001a3fdb57
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In previous times, at the consistory at which the pope named a new cardinal, he would bestow upon him a distinctive wide-brimmed hat called a galero. This custom was discontinued in 1969 and the investiture now takes place with the scarlet biretta. In ecclesiastical heraldry, however, the scarlet galero is still displa...
What do cardinals not have the right to display in their cathedral?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What do cardinals not have the right to display in their cathedral?
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5ad31741604f3c001a3fdb58
Cardinal_(Catholicism)
In previous times, at the consistory at which the pope named a new cardinal, he would bestow upon him a distinctive wide-brimmed hat called a galero. This custom was discontinued in 1969 and the investiture now takes place with the scarlet biretta. In ecclesiastical heraldry, however, the scarlet galero is still displa...
What would happen to a pope's gelero when he dies?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What would happen to a pope's gelero when he dies?
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