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5ad31741604f3c001a3fdb59 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In previous times, at the consistory at which the pope named a new cardinal, he would bestow upon him a distinctive wide-brimmed hat called a galero. This custom was discontinued in 1969 and the investiture now takes place with the scarlet biretta. In ecclesiastical heraldry, however, the scarlet galero is still displa... | What is officially part of a cardinals apparel? | {
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} | What is officially part of a cardinals apparel? | [
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5ad31659604f3c001a3fdb4d | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Eastern Catholic cardinals continue to wear the normal dress appropriate to their liturgical tradition, though some may line their cassocks with scarlet and wear scarlet fascias, or in some cases, wear Eastern-style cassocks entirely of scarlet. | What do Western Catholic cardinals continue to wear? | {
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} | What do [MASK] cardinals continue to wear? | [
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5ad31659604f3c001a3fdb4e | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Eastern Catholic cardinals continue to wear the normal dress appropriate to their liturgical tradition, though some may line their cassocks with scarlet and wear scarlet fascias, or in some cases, wear Eastern-style cassocks entirely of scarlet. | What do Western Catholic cardinals sometimes line? | {
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} | What do [MASK] cardinals sometimes line? | [
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5ad31659604f3c001a3fdb4f | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Eastern Catholic cardinals continue to wear the normal dress appropriate to their liturgical tradition, though some may line their cassocks with scarlet and wear scarlet fascias, or in some cases, wear Eastern-style cassocks entirely of scarlet. | What color are Western style cassocks made entirely of? | {
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} | What color are [MASK] style cassocks made entirely of? | [
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5ad31659604f3c001a3fdb50 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Eastern Catholic cardinals continue to wear the normal dress appropriate to their liturgical tradition, though some may line their cassocks with scarlet and wear scarlet fascias, or in some cases, wear Eastern-style cassocks entirely of scarlet. | What traditional dress do eastern Catholic deacons continue to wear? | {
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} | What traditional dress do eastern [MASK] deacons continue to wear? | [
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5ad31430604f3c001a3fdb3b | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | If conditions change, so that the pope judges it safe to make the appointment public, he may do so at any time. The cardinal in question then ranks in precedence with those raised to the cardinalate at the time of his in pectore appointment. If a pope dies before revealing the identity of an in pectore cardinal, the ca... | What does the Pope do if conditions do not change? | {
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} | What does the Pope do if conditions do not change? | [
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5ad31430604f3c001a3fdb3c | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | If conditions change, so that the pope judges it safe to make the appointment public, he may do so at any time. The cardinal in question then ranks in precedence with those raised to the cardinalate at the time of his in pectore appointment. If a pope dies before revealing the identity of an in pectore cardinal, the ca... | What happens if a Cardinal is named in pectore and the president dies? | {
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} | What happens if a Cardinal is named in [MASK] and the president dies? | [
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5ad31430604f3c001a3fdb3d | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | If conditions change, so that the pope judges it safe to make the appointment public, he may do so at any time. The cardinal in question then ranks in precedence with those raised to the cardinalate at the time of his in pectore appointment. If a pope dies before revealing the identity of an in pectore cardinal, the ca... | Whose identity is not revealed if the pope dies? | {
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} | Whose identity is not revealed if the pope dies? | [
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5ad31430604f3c001a3fdb3e | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | If conditions change, so that the pope judges it safe to make the appointment public, he may do so at any time. The cardinal in question then ranks in precedence with those raised to the cardinalate at the time of his in pectore appointment. If a pope dies before revealing the identity of an in pectore cardinal, the ca... | Who ranks secondary to those raised in the cardinalate at the time of his appointment? | {
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} | Who ranks secondary to those raised in the cardinalate at the time of his appointment? | [
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5ad311b9604f3c001a3fdb2b | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | During the Western Schism, many cardinals were created by the contending popes. Beginning with the reign of Pope Martin V, cardinals were created without publishing their names until later, termed creati et reservati in pectore. | How were many Cardinals created during the Eastern Schism>? | {
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} | How were many [MASK] created during [MASK] >? | [
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5ad311b9604f3c001a3fdb2c | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | During the Western Schism, many cardinals were created by the contending popes. Beginning with the reign of Pope Martin V, cardinals were created without publishing their names until later, termed creati et reservati in pectore. | What was published during the reign of Pope Martin V? | {
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} | What was published during the reign of Pope [MASK]? | [
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5ad311b9604f3c001a3fdb2d | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | During the Western Schism, many cardinals were created by the contending popes. Beginning with the reign of Pope Martin V, cardinals were created without publishing their names until later, termed creati et reservati in pectore. | What did Pope Pious V begin using? | {
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} | What did Pope [MASK] begin using? | [
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5ad311b9604f3c001a3fdb2e | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | During the Western Schism, many cardinals were created by the contending popes. Beginning with the reign of Pope Martin V, cardinals were created without publishing their names until later, termed creati et reservati in pectore. | What position was not being contended during the Western Schism? | {
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} | What position was not being contended during [MASK]? | [
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5ad3102b604f3c001a3fdb23 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | At various times, there have been cardinals who had only received first tonsure and minor orders but not yet been ordained as deacons or priests. Though clerics, they were inaccurately called "lay cardinals" and were permitted to marry. Teodolfo Mertel was among the last of the lay cardinals. When he died in 1899 he wa... | What was a lay cardinal not allowed to do that is not considered a normal status of a Cardinal? | {
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} | What was a lay cardinal not allowed to do that is not considered a normal status of a Cardinal? | [
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5ad3102b604f3c001a3fdb24 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | At various times, there have been cardinals who had only received first tonsure and minor orders but not yet been ordained as deacons or priests. Though clerics, they were inaccurately called "lay cardinals" and were permitted to marry. Teodolfo Mertel was among the last of the lay cardinals. When he died in 1899 he wa... | Who was among the first lay cardinal? | {
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} | Who was among the [MASK] lay cardinal? | [
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5ad3102b604f3c001a3fdb25 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | At various times, there have been cardinals who had only received first tonsure and minor orders but not yet been ordained as deacons or priests. Though clerics, they were inaccurately called "lay cardinals" and were permitted to marry. Teodolfo Mertel was among the last of the lay cardinals. When he died in 1899 he wa... | What year did Pope Benedict X revise the Code of Canon Law? | {
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} | What year did Pope [MASK] revise [MASK]? | [
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5ad3102b604f3c001a3fdb26 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | At various times, there have been cardinals who had only received first tonsure and minor orders but not yet been ordained as deacons or priests. Though clerics, they were inaccurately called "lay cardinals" and were permitted to marry. Teodolfo Mertel was among the last of the lay cardinals. When he died in 1899 he wa... | Who may not be appointed cardinals according the revision of Code of Cannon Law? | {
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} | Who may not be appointed cardinals according the revision of [MASK]? | [
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5ad30f62604f3c001a3fdb1b | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | A cardinal who is not a bishop is still entitled to wear and use the episcopal vestments and other pontificalia (episcopal regalia: mitre, crozier, zucchetto, pectoral cross and ring). Even if not a bishop, any cardinal has both actual and honorary precedence over non-cardinal patriarchs, as well as the archbishops and... | What is a cardinal who is a bishop entitles to wear and use? | {
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} | What is a cardinal who is a bishop entitles to wear and use? | [
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5ad30f62604f3c001a3fdb1c | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | A cardinal who is not a bishop is still entitled to wear and use the episcopal vestments and other pontificalia (episcopal regalia: mitre, crozier, zucchetto, pectoral cross and ring). Even if not a bishop, any cardinal has both actual and honorary precedence over non-cardinal patriarchs, as well as the archbishops and... | What six items make up the episcopal regalia? | {
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} | What [MASK] items make up the episcopal regalia? | [
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5ad30f62604f3c001a3fdb1d | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | A cardinal who is not a bishop is still entitled to wear and use the episcopal vestments and other pontificalia (episcopal regalia: mitre, crozier, zucchetto, pectoral cross and ring). Even if not a bishop, any cardinal has both actual and honorary precedence over non-cardinal patriarchs, as well as the archbishops and... | What may a cardinal who does not hold the title of "bishop" do? | {
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} | What may a cardinal who does not hold the title of "bishop" do? | [
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5ad30f62604f3c001a3fdb1e | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | A cardinal who is not a bishop is still entitled to wear and use the episcopal vestments and other pontificalia (episcopal regalia: mitre, crozier, zucchetto, pectoral cross and ring). Even if not a bishop, any cardinal has both actual and honorary precedence over non-cardinal patriarchs, as well as the archbishops and... | What year were cardinals were were bishops have been promoted to Cardinal around the age of 80? | {
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} | What year were cardinals were were bishops have been promoted to Cardinal around [MASK]? | [
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5ad30d26604f3c001a3fdb09 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The Cardinal Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, assisted by the Vice-Camerlengo and the other prelates of the office known as the Apostolic Camera, has functions that in essence are limited to a period of sede vacante of the papacy. He is to collate information about the financial situation of all administrations dep... | What four entities make up the Apostolic Camera? | {
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} | What [MASK] entities make up [MASK]? | [
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5ad30d26604f3c001a3fdb0a | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The Cardinal Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, assisted by the Vice-Camerlengo and the other prelates of the office known as the Apostolic Camera, has functions that in essence are limited to a period of sede vacante of the papacy. He is to collate information about the financial situation of all administrations dep... | Who has functions that are not limited to a period of sede vacante of the papacy? | {
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} | Who has functions that are not limited to a period of sede vacante of the papacy? | [
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5ad30d26604f3c001a3fdb0b | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The Cardinal Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, assisted by the Vice-Camerlengo and the other prelates of the office known as the Apostolic Camera, has functions that in essence are limited to a period of sede vacante of the papacy. He is to collate information about the financial situation of all administrations dep... | Who does nor collate information about the financial situation of all dependent administrations of the Holy See? | {
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} | Who does nor collate information about the financial situation of all dependent administrations of [MASK]? | [
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5ad30d26604f3c001a3fdb0c | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The Cardinal Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, assisted by the Vice-Camerlengo and the other prelates of the office known as the Apostolic Camera, has functions that in essence are limited to a period of sede vacante of the papacy. He is to collate information about the financial situation of all administrations dep... | Who does not have the responsibility of presenting results to the College of Cardinals? | {
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} | Who does not have the responsibility of presenting results to [MASK]? | [
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5ad30ab4604f3c001a3fdaf7 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | When not celebrating Mass but still serving a liturgical function, such as the semiannual Urbi et Orbi papal blessing, some Papal Masses and some events at Ecumenical Councils, cardinal deacons can be recognized by the dalmatics they would don with the simple white mitre (so called mitra simplex). | How are Cardinal deacons recognized at Masses? | {
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} | How are Cardinal deacons recognized at [MASK]? | [
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5ad30ab4604f3c001a3fdaf9 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | When not celebrating Mass but still serving a liturgical function, such as the semiannual Urbi et Orbi papal blessing, some Papal Masses and some events at Ecumenical Councils, cardinal deacons can be recognized by the dalmatics they would don with the simple white mitre (so called mitra simplex). | How are Cardinal deacons recognized at quarterly Urbi et Orbi papal blessings? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | How are Cardinal deacons recognized at [MASK] Urbi et Orbi papal blessings? | [
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5ad30ab4604f3c001a3fdafa | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | When not celebrating Mass but still serving a liturgical function, such as the semiannual Urbi et Orbi papal blessing, some Papal Masses and some events at Ecumenical Councils, cardinal deacons can be recognized by the dalmatics they would don with the simple white mitre (so called mitra simplex). | What do nuns wear in addition to the simple white mitre? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What do nuns wear in addition to the simple white mitre? | [
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5ad308c3604f3c001a3fdaed | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | As of 2005, there were over 50 churches recognized as cardinalatial deaconries, though there were only 30 cardinals of the order of deacons. Cardinal deacons have long enjoyed the right to "opt for the order of cardinal priests" (optazione) after they have been cardinal deacons for 10 years. They may on such elevation ... | How many churches are recognized as cardinalatial deaconries in 2000? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | How many churches are recognized as cardinalatial deaconries in [MASK]? | [
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5ad308c3604f3c001a3fdaee | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | As of 2005, there were over 50 churches recognized as cardinalatial deaconries, though there were only 30 cardinals of the order of deacons. Cardinal deacons have long enjoyed the right to "opt for the order of cardinal priests" (optazione) after they have been cardinal deacons for 10 years. They may on such elevation ... | How many cardinals were there in the order of popes? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | How many cardinals were there in the order of popes? | [
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5ad308c3604f3c001a3fdaef | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | As of 2005, there were over 50 churches recognized as cardinalatial deaconries, though there were only 30 cardinals of the order of deacons. Cardinal deacons have long enjoyed the right to "opt for the order of cardinal priests" (optazione) after they have been cardinal deacons for 10 years. They may on such elevation ... | What have Cardinal deacons not had the right to do? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What have Cardinal deacons not had the right to do? | [
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5ad308c3604f3c001a3fdaf0 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | As of 2005, there were over 50 churches recognized as cardinalatial deaconries, though there were only 30 cardinals of the order of deacons. Cardinal deacons have long enjoyed the right to "opt for the order of cardinal priests" (optazione) after they have been cardinal deacons for 10 years. They may on such elevation ... | Who may not take a vacant title? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Who may not take a vacant title? | [
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5ad308c3604f3c001a3fdaf1 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | As of 2005, there were over 50 churches recognized as cardinalatial deaconries, though there were only 30 cardinals of the order of deacons. Cardinal deacons have long enjoyed the right to "opt for the order of cardinal priests" (optazione) after they have been cardinal deacons for 10 years. They may on such elevation ... | Who may opt for the order of cardinal priests after they have been deacons for 30 years? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Who may opt for the order of cardinal priests after they have been deacons for [MASK]? | [
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5ad30688604f3c001a3fdad9 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinal deacons derive originally from the seven deacons in the Papal Household and the seven deacons who supervised the Church's works in the districts of Rome during the early Middle Ages, when church administration was effectively the government of Rome and provided all social services. Cardinal deacons are given t... | Where do Cardinal deacons not originally derive from? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Where do Cardinal deacons not originally derive from? | [
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5ad30688604f3c001a3fdada | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinal deacons derive originally from the seven deacons in the Papal Household and the seven deacons who supervised the Church's works in the districts of Rome during the early Middle Ages, when church administration was effectively the government of Rome and provided all social services. Cardinal deacons are given t... | Who is originally from the six deacons in the Papal Household? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Who is originally from the [MASK] deacons in the Papal Household? | [
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5ad30688604f3c001a3fdadb | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinal deacons derive originally from the seven deacons in the Papal Household and the seven deacons who supervised the Church's works in the districts of Rome during the early Middle Ages, when church administration was effectively the government of Rome and provided all social services. Cardinal deacons are given t... | Who does not supervise the Church's works in the districts of Rome? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Who does not supervise the [MASK] 's works in the districts of [MASK]? | [
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5ad30688604f3c001a3fdadc | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinal deacons derive originally from the seven deacons in the Papal Household and the seven deacons who supervised the Church's works in the districts of Rome during the early Middle Ages, when church administration was effectively the government of Rome and provided all social services. Cardinal deacons are given t... | Who did not provide all social services in Rome during the early Middle Ages? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Who did not provide all social services in [MASK] during [MASK]? | [
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5ad30688604f3c001a3fdadd | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinal deacons derive originally from the seven deacons in the Papal Household and the seven deacons who supervised the Church's works in the districts of Rome during the early Middle Ages, when church administration was effectively the government of Rome and provided all social services. Cardinal deacons are given t... | Who is not given title to one of these seven deacons? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Who is not given title to [MASK] of these [MASK] deacons? | [
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5ad3057d604f3c001a3fdad1 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The cardinal deacons are the lowest-ranking cardinals. Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are either officials of the Roman Curia or priests elevated after their 80th birthday. Bishops with diocesan responsibilities, however, are created cardinal priests. | What title is given to the highest ranking cardinals? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What title is given to the highest ranking cardinals? | [
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5ad3057d604f3c001a3fdad2 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The cardinal deacons are the lowest-ranking cardinals. Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are either officials of the Roman Curia or priests elevated after their 80th birthday. Bishops with diocesan responsibilities, however, are created cardinal priests. | What position do cardinal deacons not hold? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What position do cardinal deacons not hold? | [
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5ad3057d604f3c001a3fdad3 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The cardinal deacons are the lowest-ranking cardinals. Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are either officials of the Roman Curia or priests elevated after their 80th birthday. Bishops with diocesan responsibilities, however, are created cardinal priests. | What do bishops become that are without diocesan responsibilities? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What do bishops become that are without diocesan responsibilities? | [
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5ad3057d604f3c001a3fdad4 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The cardinal deacons are the lowest-ranking cardinals. Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are either officials of the Roman Curia or priests elevated after their 80th birthday. Bishops with diocesan responsibilities, however, are created cardinal priests. | What are cardinals who are not elevated to the diaconal order? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What are cardinals who are not elevated to the diaconal order? | [
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5ad3047d604f3c001a3fdac9 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The cardinal who is the longest-serving member of the order of cardinal priests is titled cardinal protopriest. He had certain ceremonial duties in the conclave that have effectively ceased because he would generally have already reached age 80, at which cardinals are barred from the conclave. The current cardinal prot... | What title is given to the newest member of the order of cardinal priests? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What title is given to the newest member of the order of cardinal priests? | [
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5ad3047d604f3c001a3fdaca | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The cardinal who is the longest-serving member of the order of cardinal priests is titled cardinal protopriest. He had certain ceremonial duties in the conclave that have effectively ceased because he would generally have already reached age 80, at which cardinals are barred from the conclave. The current cardinal prot... | What position does Paulo Evaristo Arns of Columbia currently hold? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What position does [MASK] of [MASK] currently hold? | [
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5ad3047d604f3c001a3fdacb | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The cardinal who is the longest-serving member of the order of cardinal priests is titled cardinal protopriest. He had certain ceremonial duties in the conclave that have effectively ceased because he would generally have already reached age 80, at which cardinals are barred from the conclave. The current cardinal prot... | Whose ceremonial duties in the conclave continued after the age of 80? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Whose ceremonial duties in the conclave continued after [MASK]? | [
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5ad3047d604f3c001a3fdacc | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The cardinal who is the longest-serving member of the order of cardinal priests is titled cardinal protopriest. He had certain ceremonial duties in the conclave that have effectively ceased because he would generally have already reached age 80, at which cardinals are barred from the conclave. The current cardinal prot... | Who was accepted into the conclave after the age of 80? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Who was accepted into the conclave after [MASK]? | [
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5ad2fda5604f3c001a3fda8f | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The Dean of the College of Cardinals, or Cardinal-dean, is the primus inter pares of the College of Cardinals, elected by the cardinal bishops holding suburbicarian sees from among their own number, an election, however, that must be approved by the Pope. Formerly the position of dean belonged by right to the longest-s... | Who does not need the approval of the Pope? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Who does not need the approval of the Pope? | [
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5ad2fda5604f3c001a3fda90 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The Dean of the College of Cardinals, or Cardinal-dean, is the primus inter pares of the College of Cardinals, elected by the cardinal bishops holding suburbicarian sees from among their own number, an election, however, that must be approved by the Pope. Formerly the position of dean belonged by right to the longest-s... | What is the Dean of the College of Humanities also known as? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is the Dean of [MASK] also known as? | [
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5ad2fda5604f3c001a3fda91 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The Dean of the College of Cardinals, or Cardinal-dean, is the primus inter pares of the College of Cardinals, elected by the cardinal bishops holding suburbicarian sees from among their own number, an election, however, that must be approved by the Pope. Formerly the position of dean belonged by right to the longest-s... | Who does not act as the primus inter pares of the College of Cardinals? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Who does not act as the primus inter pares of [MASK]? | [
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5ad2fda5604f3c001a3fda92 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The Dean of the College of Cardinals, or Cardinal-dean, is the primus inter pares of the College of Cardinals, elected by the cardinal bishops holding suburbicarian sees from among their own number, an election, however, that must be approved by the Pope. Formerly the position of dean belonged by right to the longest-s... | Who approves the appointment of the Cardinal-dean by the Pope? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Who approves the appointment of the Cardinal-dean by the Pope? | [
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5ad2fda5604f3c001a3fda93 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The Dean of the College of Cardinals, or Cardinal-dean, is the primus inter pares of the College of Cardinals, elected by the cardinal bishops holding suburbicarian sees from among their own number, an election, however, that must be approved by the Pope. Formerly the position of dean belonged by right to the longest-s... | What position belonged by right to the shortest-serving of the cardinal bishops? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What position belonged by right to the shortest-serving of the cardinal bishops? | [
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5ad2ff52604f3c001a3fda99 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In 1965, Pope Paul VI decreed in his motu proprio Ad Purpuratorum Patrum that patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches who were named cardinals (i.e., patriarch cardinals) would also be part of the episcopal order, ranking after the six cardinal bishops of the suburbicarian sees (who had been relieved of direct resp... | What did Pope Paul VI decree in 1965 about the patriarchs of the Western Catholic Churches? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What did Pope [MASK] decree in [MASK] about the patriarchs of the Western Catholic Churches? | [
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5ad2ff52604f3c001a3fda9a | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In 1965, Pope Paul VI decreed in his motu proprio Ad Purpuratorum Patrum that patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches who were named cardinals (i.e., patriarch cardinals) would also be part of the episcopal order, ranking after the six cardinal bishops of the suburbicarian sees (who had been relieved of direct resp... | Who ranked after the seven cardinal bishops of the suburbicarian sees? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Who ranked after the [MASK] cardinal bishops of the suburbicarian sees? | [
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5ad2ff52604f3c001a3fda9b | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In 1965, Pope Paul VI decreed in his motu proprio Ad Purpuratorum Patrum that patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches who were named cardinals (i.e., patriarch cardinals) would also be part of the episcopal order, ranking after the six cardinal bishops of the suburbicarian sees (who had been relieved of direct resp... | What title did patriarch cardinals receive? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What title did patriarch cardinals receive? | [
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5ad2ff52604f3c001a3fda9c | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In 1965, Pope Paul VI decreed in his motu proprio Ad Purpuratorum Patrum that patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches who were named cardinals (i.e., patriarch cardinals) would also be part of the episcopal order, ranking after the six cardinal bishops of the suburbicarian sees (who had been relieved of direct resp... | How many Western Patriarchs are currently cardinal bishops? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | How many [MASK] are currently cardinal bishops? | [
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5ad2ff52604f3c001a3fda9d | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In 1965, Pope Paul VI decreed in his motu proprio Ad Purpuratorum Patrum that patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches who were named cardinals (i.e., patriarch cardinals) would also be part of the episcopal order, ranking after the six cardinal bishops of the suburbicarian sees (who had been relieved of direct resp... | Who can elect the dean or become dean? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Who can elect the dean or become dean? | [
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5ad30079604f3c001a3fdaa3 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinal priests are the most numerous of the three orders of cardinals in the Catholic Church, ranking above the cardinal deacons and below the cardinal bishops. Those who are named cardinal priests today are generally bishops of important dioceses throughout the world, though some hold Curial positions. | Who are the highest ranking priests in the Catholic church? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Who are the highest ranking priests in the [MASK] church? | [
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5ad30079604f3c001a3fdaa4 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinal priests are the most numerous of the three orders of cardinals in the Catholic Church, ranking above the cardinal deacons and below the cardinal bishops. Those who are named cardinal priests today are generally bishops of important dioceses throughout the world, though some hold Curial positions. | Who are the most numerous of the four orders of cardinals in the Catholic Church? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Who are the most numerous of the [MASK] orders of cardinals in [MASK]? | [
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5ad30079604f3c001a3fdaa5 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinal priests are the most numerous of the three orders of cardinals in the Catholic Church, ranking above the cardinal deacons and below the cardinal bishops. Those who are named cardinal priests today are generally bishops of important dioceses throughout the world, though some hold Curial positions. | Who is the lowest ranking priest in the Catholic Church? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Who is the lowest ranking priest in [MASK]? | [
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5ad30079604f3c001a3fdaa6 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinal priests are the most numerous of the three orders of cardinals in the Catholic Church, ranking above the cardinal deacons and below the cardinal bishops. Those who are named cardinal priests today are generally bishops of important dioceses throughout the world, though some hold Curial positions. | What are those named cardinal popes today generally bishops of? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What are those named cardinal popes [MASK] generally bishops of? | [
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5ad30079604f3c001a3fdaa7 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinal priests are the most numerous of the three orders of cardinals in the Catholic Church, ranking above the cardinal deacons and below the cardinal bishops. Those who are named cardinal priests today are generally bishops of important dioceses throughout the world, though some hold Curial positions. | What position do some popes currently hold? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What position do some popes currently hold? | [
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5ad30171604f3c001a3fdaad | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In modern times, the name "cardinal priest" is interpreted as meaning a cardinal who is of the order of priests. Originally, however, this referred to certain key priests of important churches of the Diocese of Rome, who were recognized as the cardinal priests, the important priests chosen by the pope to advise him in ... | What name was interpreted as meaning a cardinal who is of the order of popes? | {
"text": [],
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} | What name was interpreted as meaning a cardinal who is of the order of popes? | [
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5ad30171604f3c001a3fdaae | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In modern times, the name "cardinal priest" is interpreted as meaning a cardinal who is of the order of priests. Originally, however, this referred to certain key priests of important churches of the Diocese of Rome, who were recognized as the cardinal priests, the important priests chosen by the pope to advise him in ... | What does the name "cardinal popes" originally refer to? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What does the name "cardinal popes" originally refer to? | [
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5ad30171604f3c001a3fdaaf | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In modern times, the name "cardinal priest" is interpreted as meaning a cardinal who is of the order of priests. Originally, however, this referred to certain key priests of important churches of the Diocese of Rome, who were recognized as the cardinal priests, the important priests chosen by the pope to advise him in ... | What is the name of the important nuns that are chosen by the pope to advice him? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is the name of the important nuns that are chosen by the pope to advice him? | [
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5ad30171604f3c001a3fdab0 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In modern times, the name "cardinal priest" is interpreted as meaning a cardinal who is of the order of priests. Originally, however, this referred to certain key priests of important churches of the Diocese of Rome, who were recognized as the cardinal priests, the important priests chosen by the pope to advise him in ... | Who holds the title Cardinal of Rome? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Who holds the title Cardinal of [MASK]? | [
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5ad30171604f3c001a3fdab1 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In modern times, the name "cardinal priest" is interpreted as meaning a cardinal who is of the order of priests. Originally, however, this referred to certain key priests of important churches of the Diocese of Rome, who were recognized as the cardinal priests, the important priests chosen by the pope to advise him in ... | What term did not gradually become exclusive to Rome to indicate those entrusted with electing the pope? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What term did not gradually become exclusive to [MASK] to indicate those entrusted with electing the pope? | [
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5ad30248604f3c001a3fdab7 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | While the cardinalate has long been expanded beyond the Roman pastoral clergy and Roman Curia, every cardinal priest has a titular church in Rome, though they may be bishops or archbishops elsewhere, just as cardinal bishops are given one of the suburbicarian dioceses around Rome. Pope Paul VI abolished all administrat... | What does every cardinal priest not have? | {
"text": [],
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} | What does every cardinal priest not have? | [
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5ad30248604f3c001a3fdab8 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | While the cardinalate has long been expanded beyond the Roman pastoral clergy and Roman Curia, every cardinal priest has a titular church in Rome, though they may be bishops or archbishops elsewhere, just as cardinal bishops are given one of the suburbicarian dioceses around Rome. Pope Paul VI abolished all administrat... | What has not been expanded beyond the Roman pastoral clergy and Roman Curia? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What has not been expanded beyond the [MASK] pastoral clergy and Roman Curia? | [
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5ad30248604f3c001a3fdab9 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | While the cardinalate has long been expanded beyond the Roman pastoral clergy and Roman Curia, every cardinal priest has a titular church in Rome, though they may be bishops or archbishops elsewhere, just as cardinal bishops are given one of the suburbicarian dioceses around Rome. Pope Paul VI abolished all administrat... | What did Pope Paul V abolish? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What did Pope [MASK] abolish? | [
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5ad30248604f3c001a3fdaba | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | While the cardinalate has long been expanded beyond the Roman pastoral clergy and Roman Curia, every cardinal priest has a titular church in Rome, though they may be bishops or archbishops elsewhere, just as cardinal bishops are given one of the suburbicarian dioceses around Rome. Pope Paul VI abolished all administrat... | What is not still posted in the church after Pope Paul VI abolished all administrative rights? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is not still posted in the church after Pope [MASK] abolished all administrative rights? | [
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5ad30248604f3c001a3fdabb | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | While the cardinalate has long been expanded beyond the Roman pastoral clergy and Roman Curia, every cardinal priest has a titular church in Rome, though they may be bishops or archbishops elsewhere, just as cardinal bishops are given one of the suburbicarian dioceses around Rome. Pope Paul VI abolished all administrat... | What are cardinals not expected to do? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What are cardinals not expected to do? | [
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5ad303da604f3c001a3fdac1 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | While the number of cardinals was small from the times of the Roman Empire to the Renaissance, and frequently smaller than the number of recognized churches entitled to a cardinal priest, in the 16th century the College expanded markedly. In 1587, Pope Sixtus V sought to arrest this growth by fixing the maximum size of... | Who had a large number from the times of the Roman Empire to the Renaissance? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Who had a large number from the times of [MASK] to the Renaissance? | [
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5ad303da604f3c001a3fdac2 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | While the number of cardinals was small from the times of the Roman Empire to the Renaissance, and frequently smaller than the number of recognized churches entitled to a cardinal priest, in the 16th century the College expanded markedly. In 1587, Pope Sixtus V sought to arrest this growth by fixing the maximum size of... | What happened to the College of the Cardinals in the 3rd century? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What happened to [MASK] in [MASK]? | [
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5ad303da604f3c001a3fdac3 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | While the number of cardinals was small from the times of the Roman Empire to the Renaissance, and frequently smaller than the number of recognized churches entitled to a cardinal priest, in the 16th century the College expanded markedly. In 1587, Pope Sixtus V sought to arrest this growth by fixing the maximum size of... | Who sought to cap the number of the College at 50? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Who sought to cap the number of the [MASK] at [MASK]? | [
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5ad303da604f3c001a3fdac4 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | While the number of cardinals was small from the times of the Roman Empire to the Renaissance, and frequently smaller than the number of recognized churches entitled to a cardinal priest, in the 16th century the College expanded markedly. In 1587, Pope Sixtus V sought to arrest this growth by fixing the maximum size of... | Who upheld the cap on cardinals in the College of the Cardinals? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Who upheld the cap on cardinals in [MASK]? | [
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5ad2fb70604f3c001a3fda85 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | For a period ending in the mid-20th century, long-serving cardinal priests were entitled to fill vacancies that arose among the cardinal bishops, just as cardinal deacons of ten years' standing are still entitled to become cardinal priests. Since then, cardinals have been advanced to cardinal bishop exclusively by papa... | What were long-serving cardinal priests entitled to do ending in the mid-fifteenth century? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What were long- serving cardinal priests entitled to do ending in [MASK]? | [
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5ad2fb70604f3c001a3fda86 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | For a period ending in the mid-20th century, long-serving cardinal priests were entitled to fill vacancies that arose among the cardinal bishops, just as cardinal deacons of ten years' standing are still entitled to become cardinal priests. Since then, cardinals have been advanced to cardinal bishop exclusively by papa... | What are cardinal deacons of eight years standing still entitled to become? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What are cardinal deacons of [MASK] standing still entitled to become? | [
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5ad2fb70604f3c001a3fda87 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | For a period ending in the mid-20th century, long-serving cardinal priests were entitled to fill vacancies that arose among the cardinal bishops, just as cardinal deacons of ten years' standing are still entitled to become cardinal priests. Since then, cardinals have been advanced to cardinal bishop exclusively by papa... | Who has not been advanced to cardinal bishop exclusively by papal appointment? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Who has not been advanced to cardinal bishop exclusively by papal appointment? | [
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... |
5ad2fb70604f3c001a3fda88 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | For a period ending in the mid-20th century, long-serving cardinal priests were entitled to fill vacancies that arose among the cardinal bishops, just as cardinal deacons of ten years' standing are still entitled to become cardinal priests. Since then, cardinals have been advanced to cardinal bishop exclusively by papa... | How have cardinals been advance to cardinal priests? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | How have cardinals been advance to cardinal priests? | [
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0.0... |
5ad2fb70604f3c001a3fda89 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | For a period ending in the mid-20th century, long-serving cardinal priests were entitled to fill vacancies that arose among the cardinal bishops, just as cardinal deacons of ten years' standing are still entitled to become cardinal priests. Since then, cardinals have been advanced to cardinal bishop exclusively by papa... | Who filled vacancies that arose among the cardinal priests? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Who filled vacancies that arose among the cardinal priests? | [
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5ad312ca604f3c001a3fdb33 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | A cardinal named in pectore is known only to the pope; not even the cardinal so named is necessarily aware of his elevation, and in any event cannot function as a cardinal while his appointment is in pectore. Today, cardinals are named in pectore to protect them or their congregations from reprisals if their identities... | Which cardinal is known by all the Catholic Church? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Which cardinal is known by all the Catholic Church? | [
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-0.... |
5ad312ca604f3c001a3fdb34 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | A cardinal named in pectore is known only to the pope; not even the cardinal so named is necessarily aware of his elevation, and in any event cannot function as a cardinal while his appointment is in pectore. Today, cardinals are named in pectore to protect them or their congregations from reprisals if their identities... | What does the cardinal named pectore know? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What does the cardinal named [MASK] know? | [
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0.0006987249944359064,
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-0.029535431414842606,
... |
5ad312ca604f3c001a3fdb35 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | A cardinal named in pectore is known only to the pope; not even the cardinal so named is necessarily aware of his elevation, and in any event cannot function as a cardinal while his appointment is in pectore. Today, cardinals are named in pectore to protect them or their congregations from reprisals if their identities... | What can a cardinal in pectore continue to function as? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What can a cardinal in pectore continue to function as? | [
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... |
5ad312ca604f3c001a3fdb36 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | A cardinal named in pectore is known only to the pope; not even the cardinal so named is necessarily aware of his elevation, and in any event cannot function as a cardinal while his appointment is in pectore. Today, cardinals are named in pectore to protect them or their congregations from reprisals if their identities... | What is done to cardinals that does not protect them or their congregations? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is done to cardinals that does not protect them or their congregations? | [
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... |
5a18c2e19aa02b0018605eaa | Iranian_languages | The Iranian languages or Iranic languages form a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages, which in turn are a branch of the Indo-European language family. The speakers of Iranian languages are known as Iranian peoples. Historical Iranian languages are grouped in three stages: Old Iranian (until 400 BCE), Middle Iranian (4... | What stage of Iranian languages from 400 BCE to 900 CE includes old Persian? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What stage of [MASK] languages from [MASK] includes old [MASK]? | [
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0.0123... |
5a18c2e19aa02b0018605eab | Iranian_languages | The Iranian languages or Iranic languages form a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages, which in turn are a branch of the Indo-European language family. The speakers of Iranian languages are known as Iranian peoples. Historical Iranian languages are grouped in three stages: Old Iranian (until 400 BCE), Middle Iranian (4... | What stage of Iranian language was in use until 400 BCE and included Parthian and Bactrian? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What stage of [MASK] language was in use until [MASK] and included [MASK] and [MASK]? | [
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5a18c2e19aa02b0018605eac | Iranian_languages | The Iranian languages or Iranic languages form a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages, which in turn are a branch of the Indo-European language family. The speakers of Iranian languages are known as Iranian peoples. Historical Iranian languages are grouped in three stages: Old Iranian (until 400 BCE), Middle Iranian (4... | When did the change from old Iranian to new Iranian occur? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | When did the change from old [MASK] to new [MASK] occur? | [
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... |
5a18c2e19aa02b0018605ead | Iranian_languages | The Iranian languages or Iranic languages form a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages, which in turn are a branch of the Indo-European language family. The speakers of Iranian languages are known as Iranian peoples. Historical Iranian languages are grouped in three stages: Old Iranian (until 400 BCE), Middle Iranian (4... | Where are the old Iranian languages Parthian and Bactrian from? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Where are the old [MASK] languages [MASK] and [MASK] from? | [
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0.0... |
5a18c3b79aa02b0018605eb2 | Iranian_languages | As of 2008, there were an estimated 150–200 million native speakers of Iranian languages. Ethnologue estimates there are 86 Iranian languages, the largest amongst them being Persian, Pashto, Kurdish, and Balochi. | In what year were there hundred and 50 to 200 Iranian languages | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | In what year were there [MASK] and [MASK] [MASK] languages | [
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0.019842086359858513,
-0.0... |
5a18c3b79aa02b0018605eb3 | Iranian_languages | As of 2008, there were an estimated 150–200 million native speakers of Iranian languages. Ethnologue estimates there are 86 Iranian languages, the largest amongst them being Persian, Pashto, Kurdish, and Balochi. | What are some of the largest among the 200 Iranian languages? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What are some of the largest among the [MASK] [MASK] languages? | [
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0.02488984912633896,
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0.01... |
5a18c3b79aa02b0018605eb4 | Iranian_languages | As of 2008, there were an estimated 150–200 million native speakers of Iranian languages. Ethnologue estimates there are 86 Iranian languages, the largest amongst them being Persian, Pashto, Kurdish, and Balochi. | What were their 86 million of in 2008 | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What were their [MASK] of in [MASK] | [
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0.00012888624041806906,
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0.0119436038658022... |
5a18c4619aa02b0018605eb8 | Iranian_languages | The term Iranian is applied to any language which descends from the ancestral Proto-Iranian language. Iranian derives from the Persian and Sanskrit origin word Arya. | What is any language that descends from ancestral Persian? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is any language that descends from ancestral [MASK]? | [
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0.0... |
5a18c4619aa02b0018605eb9 | Iranian_languages | The term Iranian is applied to any language which descends from the ancestral Proto-Iranian language. Iranian derives from the Persian and Sanskrit origin word Arya. | What word is derived from Sanskrit and Arya? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What word is derived from [MASK] and [MASK]? | [
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... |
5a18c4619aa02b0018605eba | Iranian_languages | The term Iranian is applied to any language which descends from the ancestral Proto-Iranian language. Iranian derives from the Persian and Sanskrit origin word Arya. | Arya is derived from what ancestral language? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [MASK] is derived from what ancestral language? | [
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5a18c7099aa02b0018605ebe | Iranian_languages | The use of the term for the Iranian language family was introduced in 1836 by Christian Lassen. Robert Needham Cust used the term Irano-Aryan in 1878, and Orientalists such as George Abraham Grierson and Max Müller contrasted Irano-Aryan (Iranian) and Indo-Aryan (Indic). Some recent scholarship, primarily in German, ha... | When did Robert Needham Cust introduced the term Iranian? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | When did [MASK] introduced the term [MASK]? | [
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0... |
5a18c7099aa02b0018605ebf | Iranian_languages | The use of the term for the Iranian language family was introduced in 1836 by Christian Lassen. Robert Needham Cust used the term Irano-Aryan in 1878, and Orientalists such as George Abraham Grierson and Max Müller contrasted Irano-Aryan (Iranian) and Indo-Aryan (Indic). Some recent scholarship, primarily in German, ha... | What term did Christian Lassen using 1878? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What term did [MASK] using [MASK]? | [
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0... |
5a18c7099aa02b0018605ec0 | Iranian_languages | The use of the term for the Iranian language family was introduced in 1836 by Christian Lassen. Robert Needham Cust used the term Irano-Aryan in 1878, and Orientalists such as George Abraham Grierson and Max Müller contrasted Irano-Aryan (Iranian) and Indo-Aryan (Indic). Some recent scholarship, primarily in German, ha... | What did George Abraham Grierson and Christian Lassen contrast? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What did [MASK] and [MASK] contrast? | [
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... |
5a18c7099aa02b0018605ec1 | Iranian_languages | The use of the term for the Iranian language family was introduced in 1836 by Christian Lassen. Robert Needham Cust used the term Irano-Aryan in 1878, and Orientalists such as George Abraham Grierson and Max Müller contrasted Irano-Aryan (Iranian) and Indo-Aryan (Indic). Some recent scholarship, primarily in German, ha... | What scholars have revived the term Irano-Aryan | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What scholars have revived the term [MASK]- Aryan | [
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5a18c8d69aa02b0018605ec6 | Iranian_languages | All Iranian languages are descended from a common ancestor, Proto-Iranian. In turn, and together with Proto-Indo-Aryan and the Nuristani languages, Proto-Iranian descends from a common ancestor Proto-Indo-Iranian. The Indo-Iranian languages are thought to have originated in Central Asia. The Andronovo culture is the su... | What other language did most Iranian languages descend from? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What other language did most [MASK] languages descend from? | [
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5a18c8d69aa02b0018605ec7 | Iranian_languages | All Iranian languages are descended from a common ancestor, Proto-Iranian. In turn, and together with Proto-Indo-Aryan and the Nuristani languages, Proto-Iranian descends from a common ancestor Proto-Indo-Iranian. The Indo-Iranian languages are thought to have originated in Central Asia. The Andronovo culture is the su... | What other language besides Nuristani this proto-Iranian descent from? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What other language besides [MASK] this proto - [MASK] descent from? | [
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-0.0146298473700881,
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-0.0016686840681359172,
... |
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