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5acfb19177cf76001a6858d4 | Architecture | Many architects resisted modernism, finding it devoid of the decorative richness of historical styles. As the first generation of modernists began to die after WWII, a second generation of architects including Paul Rudolph, Marcel Breuer, and Eero Saarinen tried to expand the aesthetics of modernism with Brutalism, bui... | What material was never used in Brutalist structures? | {
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} | What material was never used in [MASK] structures? | [
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5acfb19177cf76001a6858d5 | Architecture | Many architects resisted modernism, finding it devoid of the decorative richness of historical styles. As the first generation of modernists began to die after WWII, a second generation of architects including Paul Rudolph, Marcel Breuer, and Eero Saarinen tried to expand the aesthetics of modernism with Brutalism, bui... | Who agreed with the aesthetic of Brutalism? | {
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} | Who agreed with the aesthetic of [MASK]? | [
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5acfb1de77cf76001a685900 | Architecture | One such reaction to the cold aesthetic of modernism and Brutalism is the school of metaphoric architecture, which includes such things as biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture, both using nature as the primary source of inspiration and design. While it is considered by some to be merely an aspect of postmodernism, o... | What school was a warm aesthetic of modernism | {
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} | What school was a warm aesthetic of modernism | [
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5acfb1de77cf76001a685901 | Architecture | One such reaction to the cold aesthetic of modernism and Brutalism is the school of metaphoric architecture, which includes such things as biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture, both using nature as the primary source of inspiration and design. While it is considered by some to be merely an aspect of postmodernism, o... | What are two examples of non-metaphoric architecture? | {
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} | What are [MASK] examples of non - metaphoric architecture? | [
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5acfb1de77cf76001a685902 | Architecture | One such reaction to the cold aesthetic of modernism and Brutalism is the school of metaphoric architecture, which includes such things as biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture, both using nature as the primary source of inspiration and design. While it is considered by some to be merely an aspect of postmodernism, o... | What are biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture not based after design wise? | {
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} | What are biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture not based after design wise? | [
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5acfb1de77cf76001a685903 | Architecture | One such reaction to the cold aesthetic of modernism and Brutalism is the school of metaphoric architecture, which includes such things as biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture, both using nature as the primary source of inspiration and design. While it is considered by some to be merely an aspect of postmodernism, o... | What type of architecture does nobody consider metaphoric architecture to be a development of? | {
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} | What type of architecture does nobody consider metaphoric architecture to be a development of? | [
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5acfb20d77cf76001a68591a | Architecture | Beginning in the late 1950s and 1960s, architectural phenomenology emerged as an important movement in the early reaction against modernism, with architects like Charles Moore in the USA, Christian Norberg-Schulz in Norway, and Ernesto Nathan Rogers and Vittorio Gregotti in Italy, who collectively popularized an intere... | When was the end of the architectural phenomenology movement? | {
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} | When was the end of the architectural phenomenology movement? | [
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5acfb20d77cf76001a68591b | Architecture | Beginning in the late 1950s and 1960s, architectural phenomenology emerged as an important movement in the early reaction against modernism, with architects like Charles Moore in the USA, Christian Norberg-Schulz in Norway, and Ernesto Nathan Rogers and Vittorio Gregotti in Italy, who collectively popularized an intere... | What happened in the early 1950s? | {
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5acfb20d77cf76001a68591c | Architecture | Beginning in the late 1950s and 1960s, architectural phenomenology emerged as an important movement in the early reaction against modernism, with architects like Charles Moore in the USA, Christian Norberg-Schulz in Norway, and Ernesto Nathan Rogers and Vittorio Gregotti in Italy, who collectively popularized an intere... | What was architectural phenomenology not reacting to? | {
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5acfb20d77cf76001a68591d | Architecture | Beginning in the late 1950s and 1960s, architectural phenomenology emerged as an important movement in the early reaction against modernism, with architects like Charles Moore in the USA, Christian Norberg-Schulz in Norway, and Ernesto Nathan Rogers and Vittorio Gregotti in Italy, who collectively popularized an intere... | What were the architectural phenomenologists hoping to stay away from? | {
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} | What were the architectural phenomenologists hoping to stay away from? | [
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5acfb20d77cf76001a68591e | Architecture | Beginning in the late 1950s and 1960s, architectural phenomenology emerged as an important movement in the early reaction against modernism, with architects like Charles Moore in the USA, Christian Norberg-Schulz in Norway, and Ernesto Nathan Rogers and Vittorio Gregotti in Italy, who collectively popularized an intere... | Who called postmodern architecture a "decorated building"? | {
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} | Who called postmodern architecture a "decorated building"? | [
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5acfb2be77cf76001a68595c | Architecture | Concurrently, the recent movements of New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture promote a sustainable approach towards construction, that appreciates and develops smart growth, architectural tradition and classical design. This in contrast to modernist and globally uniform architecture, as we... | What are three old movements that have a focus on sustainability? | {
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5acfb2be77cf76001a68595d | Architecture | Concurrently, the recent movements of New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture promote a sustainable approach towards construction, that appreciates and develops smart growth, architectural tradition and classical design. This in contrast to modernist and globally uniform architecture, as we... | What kinds of buildings and building developments are the old movements not in favor of? | {
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} | What kinds of buildings and building developments are the old movements not in favor of? | [
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5acfb2be77cf76001a68595e | Architecture | Concurrently, the recent movements of New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture promote a sustainable approach towards construction, that appreciates and develops smart growth, architectural tradition and classical design. This in contrast to modernist and globally uniform architecture, as we... | What are three things the old movements try to achieve? | {
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} | What are [MASK] things the old movements try to achieve? | [
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5acfb2be77cf76001a68595f | Architecture | Concurrently, the recent movements of New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture promote a sustainable approach towards construction, that appreciates and develops smart growth, architectural tradition and classical design. This in contrast to modernist and globally uniform architecture, as we... | What older architectural movements do the older movements not go along with? | {
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} | What older architectural movements do the older movements not go along with? | [
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5ad0b90e645df0001a2d0172 | Human_Development_Index | The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income per capita indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A country scores higher HDI when the life expectancy at birth is longer, the education period is longer, and the income per c... | Which three statistics does the HDI ignore? | {
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} | Which [MASK] statistics does the HDI ignore? | [
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5ad0b90e645df0001a2d0173 | Human_Development_Index | The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income per capita indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A country scores higher HDI when the life expectancy at birth is longer, the education period is longer, and the income per c... | Does a low ranking on the HDI indicate shorter or longer life expectancy? | {
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5ad0b90e645df0001a2d0174 | Human_Development_Index | The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income per capita indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A country scores higher HDI when the life expectancy at birth is longer, the education period is longer, and the income per c... | Who rejected the HDI? | {
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} | Who rejected the HDI? | [
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5ad0b90e645df0001a2d0175 | Human_Development_Index | The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income per capita indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A country scores higher HDI when the life expectancy at birth is longer, the education period is longer, and the income per c... | What entity rejects the HDI? | {
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5ad0b90e645df0001a2d0176 | Human_Development_Index | The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income per capita indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A country scores higher HDI when the life expectancy at birth is longer, the education period is longer, and the income per c... | Does a low ranking on the HDI indicate shorter or longer life expectancy at birth? | {
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} | Does a low ranking on the HDI indicate shorter or longer life expectancy at birth? | [
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5ad0b948645df0001a2d017d | Human_Development_Index | The 2010 Human Development Report introduced an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI). While the simple HDI remains useful, it stated that "the IHDI is the actual level of human development (accounting for inequality)," and "the HDI can be viewed as an index of 'potential' human development (or the maximum... | What does IHDI2 stand for? | {
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5ad0b948645df0001a2d017f | Human_Development_Index | The 2010 Human Development Report introduced an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI). While the simple HDI remains useful, it stated that "the IHDI is the actual level of human development (accounting for inequality)," and "the HDI can be viewed as an index of 'potential' human development (or the maximum... | Which measures the potential underdevelopment, the HDI or the IHDI? | {
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} | Which measures the potential underdevelopment, the HDI or the IHDI? | [
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5ad0caa5645df0001a2d0381 | Human_Development_Index | LE: Life expectancy at birth
MYS: Mean years of schooling (Years that a person 25 years-of-age or older has spent in schools)
EYS: Expected years of schooling (Years that a 5-year-old child will spend in schools throughout his life)
GNIpc: Gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita | What does MIS stand for? | {
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} | What does [MASK] stand for? | [
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5ad0caa5645df0001a2d0383 | Human_Development_Index | LE: Life expectancy at birth
MYS: Mean years of schooling (Years that a person 25 years-of-age or older has spent in schools)
EYS: Expected years of schooling (Years that a 5-year-old child will spend in schools throughout his life)
GNIpc: Gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita | What does GNLpc stand for? | {
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} | What does GNLpc stand for? | [
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5ad0cac9645df0001a2d0392 | Human_Development_Index | The formula defining the HDI is promulgated by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). In general, to transform a raw variable, say , into a unit-free index between 0 and 1 (which allows different indices to be added together), the following formula is used: | What entity makes the defining formula for the HDMI well-known? | {
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} | What entity makes the defining formula for the HDMI well-known? | [
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5ad0cb4d645df0001a2d039e | Human_Development_Index | The 2015 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on December 14, 2015, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2014. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries: | What happened on December 15, 2015 | {
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} | What happened on [MASK] | [
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5ad0cb4d645df0001a2d039f | Human_Development_Index | The 2015 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on December 14, 2015, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2014. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries: | On what date was the 2005 Human Development Report released? | {
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} | On what date was the [MASK] [MASK] released? | [
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0.02176... |
5ad0ccaa645df0001a2d03ad | Human_Development_Index | The 2014 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on July 24, 2014, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2013. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries: | Which year was used for estimates in the 2004 report? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Which year was used for estimates in the [MASK] report? | [
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5ad0ccaa645df0001a2d03ae | Human_Development_Index | The 2014 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on July 24, 2014, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2013. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries: | What was released on July 25 2014 | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What was released on [MASK] | [
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5ad0ccc0645df0001a2d03b2 | Human_Development_Index | The Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) is a "measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account." | What does the HIHDI specifically take into account? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What does the HIHDI specifically take into account? | [
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5ad0ccc0645df0001a2d03b3 | Human_Development_Index | The Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) is a "measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account." | Does the IHDI measure the "unaverage" or the "lack of potential" level of human development? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Does the IHDI measure the "unaverage" or the "lack of potential" level of human development? | [
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5ad0cd40645df0001a2d03d8 | Human_Development_Index | Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI: New Zealand, Singapore, Hong Kong, Liechtenstein, Brunei, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Andorra, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Cuba, and Kuwait. | Which Caribbean nation is in the top quartile of HIDI (but missing HIHDI)? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Which [MASK] nation is in the top quartile of HIDI( but missing HIHDI)? | [
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5ad0cd40645df0001a2d03d9 | Human_Development_Index | Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI: New Zealand, Singapore, Hong Kong, Liechtenstein, Brunei, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Andorra, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Cuba, and Kuwait. | s the top quartile of HDI considered "low" or "very low" human development? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | s the top quartile of HDI considered "low" or "very low" human development? | [
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5ad0cd5f645df0001a2d03dc | Human_Development_Index | Some countries were not included for various reasons, primarily the lack of necessary data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2014 report: North Korea, Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, Somalia, India, Pakistan, South Sudan, and Tuvalu. | What is the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2013 report? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is the main reason that countries were excluded from the [MASK] report? | [
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5ad0cd5f645df0001a2d03de | Human_Development_Index | Some countries were not included for various reasons, primarily the lack of necessary data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2014 report: North Korea, Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, Somalia, India, Pakistan, South Sudan, and Tuvalu. | What year were all countries included? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What year were all countries included? | [
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5ad0ce6f645df0001a2d042a | Human_Development_Index | The Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) is a "measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account." | Does the IHDI measure the "abnormal" or the "lack of potential" level of human development? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Does the IHDI measure the "abnormal" or the "lack of potential" level of human development? | [
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5ad0ce6f645df0001a2d042b | Human_Development_Index | The Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) is a "measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account." | What does the HIDI stand for? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What does the [MASK] stand for? | [
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5ad0cfc9645df0001a2d0482 | Human_Development_Index | Some countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the unavailability of certain crucial data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2011 report: North Korea, Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, South Sudan, Somalia and Tuvalu. | What is not the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2011 report? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is not the main reason that countries were excluded from the [MASK] report? | [
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5ad0cfc9645df0001a2d0484 | Human_Development_Index | Some countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the unavailability of certain crucial data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2011 report: North Korea, Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, South Sudan, Somalia and Tuvalu. | Which East Asian dictatorship was excluded from the 2012 report? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Which [MASK] dictatorship was excluded from the [MASK] report? | [
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5ad0cfe5645df0001a2d0488 | Human_Development_Index | The 2010 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on November 4, 2010, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2010. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries: | On what date was the 2012 Human Development Report released? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | On what date was the [MASK] [MASK] released? | [
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5ad0cfe5645df0001a2d0489 | Human_Development_Index | The 2010 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on November 4, 2010, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2010. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries: | What was released on November 5, 2010? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What was released on [MASK]? | [
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5ad0d0c0645df0001a2d04be | Human_Development_Index | The 2010 Human Development Report was the first to calculate an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI), which factors in inequalities in the three basic dimensions of human development (income, life expectancy, and education). Below is a list of countries in the top quartile by IHDI: | In the IHDI, inequality is never factored into what three human development dimensions? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | In the IHDI, inequality is never factored into what [MASK] human development dimensions? | [
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5ad0d219645df0001a2d0515 | Human_Development_Index | Some countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the unavailability of certain crucial data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2010 report. Cuba lodged a formal protest at its lack of inclusion. The UNDP explained that Cuba had been excluded due to the lack of an "internati... | Which Caribbean nation agreed with its exclusion from the 2010 report? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Which [MASK] nation agreed with its exclusion from the [MASK] report? | [
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5ad0d219645df0001a2d0516 | Human_Development_Index | Some countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the unavailability of certain crucial data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2010 report. Cuba lodged a formal protest at its lack of inclusion. The UNDP explained that Cuba had been excluded due to the lack of an "internati... | What ranking has Cuba been given since the situation with the complete data was addressed? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What ranking has [MASK] been given since the situation with the complete data was addressed? | [
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5ad0d264645df0001a2d0542 | Human_Development_Index | The 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the period up to 2007. It was titled "Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development". The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called "very high human development". The report refers to these countries as develope... | On what date was the 2008 Human Development Report released? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | On what date was the 2008 [MASK] released? | [
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5ad0d264645df0001a2d0543 | Human_Development_Index | The 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the period up to 2007. It was titled "Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development". The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called "very high human development". The report refers to these countries as develope... | What period is covered by the 2008 Human Development Report? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What period is covered by the [MASK] [MASK]? | [
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5ad0d264645df0001a2d0544 | Human_Development_Index | The 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the period up to 2007. It was titled "Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development". The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called "very high human development". The report refers to these countries as develope... | What was another title for the 2008 Human Development Report? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What was another title for the [MASK] [MASK]? | [
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5ad0d264645df0001a2d0545 | Human_Development_Index | The 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the period up to 2007. It was titled "Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development". The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called "very high human development". The report refers to these countries as develope... | What new category was added in the 2008 Human Development Report? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What new category was added in the [MASK] [MASK]? | [
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5ad0d264645df0001a2d0546 | Human_Development_Index | The 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the period up to 2007. It was titled "Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development". The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called "very high human development". The report refers to these countries as develope... | How does the 2008 Human Development Report refer to countries that rank "very high"? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | How does the [MASK] [MASK] refer to countries that rank" very high"? | [
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5ad0d272645df0001a2d054c | Human_Development_Index | Some countries were not included for various reasons, such as being a non-UN member or unable or unwilling to provide the necessary data at the time of publication. Besides the states with limited recognition, the following states were also not included. | What four reasons were mentioned for countries being excluded? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What [MASK] reasons were mentioned for countries being excluded? | [
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5ad0d2a2645df0001a2d054e | Human_Development_Index | A new index was released on December 18, 2008. This so-called "statistical update" covered the period up to 2006 and was published without an accompanying Human Development Report. The update is relevant due to newly released estimates of purchasing power parities (PPP), implying substantial adjustments for many countr... | What type of update was released on December 18, 2004? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What type of update was released on [MASK]? | [
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5ad0d2a2645df0001a2d054f | Human_Development_Index | A new index was released on December 18, 2008. This so-called "statistical update" covered the period up to 2006 and was published without an accompanying Human Development Report. The update is relevant due to newly released estimates of purchasing power parities (PPP), implying substantial adjustments for many countr... | What was the index published on December 18, 2008 complete? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What was the index published on [MASK] complete? | [
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5ad0d2a2645df0001a2d0550 | Human_Development_Index | A new index was released on December 18, 2008. This so-called "statistical update" covered the period up to 2006 and was published without an accompanying Human Development Report. The update is relevant due to newly released estimates of purchasing power parities (PPP), implying substantial adjustments for many countr... | What period was covered by the statistical update index released in December of 2002? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What period was covered by the statistical update index released in [MASK]? | [
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5ad0d2f5645df0001a2d0560 | Human_Development_Index | The Human Development Report for 2007/2008 was launched in Brasília, Brazil, on November 27, 2007. Its focus was on "Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world." Most of the data used for the report are derived largely from 2005 or earlier, thus indicating an HDI for 2005. Not all UN member states cho... | On what date was the 2008/2009 Human Development Report released? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | On what date was the 2008/2009 [MASK] released? | [
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5ad0d2f5645df0001a2d0561 | Human_Development_Index | The Human Development Report for 2007/2008 was launched in Brasília, Brazil, on November 27, 2007. Its focus was on "Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world." Most of the data used for the report are derived largely from 2005 or earlier, thus indicating an HDI for 2005. Not all UN member states cho... | What came out on November 26, 2007? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What came out on [MASK]? | [
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5ad0d2f5645df0001a2d0562 | Human_Development_Index | The Human Development Report for 2007/2008 was launched in Brasília, Brazil, on November 27, 2007. Its focus was on "Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world." Most of the data used for the report are derived largely from 2005 or earlier, thus indicating an HDI for 2005. Not all UN member states cho... | What was the focus of the 2005/2009 Human Development Report? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What was the focus of the [MASK] [MASK]? | [
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5ad0d2f5645df0001a2d0563 | Human_Development_Index | The Human Development Report for 2007/2008 was launched in Brasília, Brazil, on November 27, 2007. Its focus was on "Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world." Most of the data used for the report are derived largely from 2005 or earlier, thus indicating an HDI for 2005. Not all UN member states cho... | What is the most recent year that was included in the 2008/2009 Human Development Report? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is [MASK] that was included in the 2008/2009 [MASK]? | [
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5ad0d2f5645df0001a2d0564 | Human_Development_Index | The Human Development Report for 2007/2008 was launched in Brasília, Brazil, on November 27, 2007. Its focus was on "Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world." Most of the data used for the report are derived largely from 2005 or earlier, thus indicating an HDI for 2005. Not all UN member states cho... | Where was the 2008/2009 Human Development Report launched? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Where was the [MASK] [MASK] launched? | [
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5ad0d308645df0001a2d0574 | Human_Development_Index | The report showed a small increase in world HDI in comparison with last year's report. This rise was fueled by a general improvement in the developing world, especially of the least developed countries group. This marked improvement at the bottom was offset with a decrease in HDI of high income countries. | Which countries experienced an increase in HDI? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Which countries experienced an increase in HDI? | [
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5ad0d375645df0001a2d0592 | Human_Development_Index | A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent "low development". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and joined the "medium development" gro... | Under what number does a country need to fall in order to be considered a "high development" country? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Under what number does a country need to fall in order to be considered a "high development" country? | [
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5ad0d375645df0001a2d0593 | Human_Development_Index | A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent "low development". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and joined the "medium development" gro... | On which continent are all 23 of the low development countries located? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | On which continent are all [MASK] of the low development countries located? | [
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5ad0d375645df0001a2d0594 | Human_Development_Index | A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent "low development". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and joined the "medium development" gro... | What is Pabon's ranking? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is [MASK] 's ranking? | [
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5ad0d375645df0001a2d0595 | Human_Development_Index | A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent "low development". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and joined the "medium development" gro... | What is North Africa's ranking? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is [MASK] ranking? | [
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... |
5ad0d375645df0001a2d0596 | Human_Development_Index | A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent "low development". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and joined the "medium development" gro... | What are the two lowest ranking Sub-Saharan countries? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What are the [MASK] lowest ranking [MASK] [MASK] countries? | [
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5ad0d3a5645df0001a2d05b0 | Human_Development_Index | A HDI of 0.8 or more is considered to represent "high development". This includes all developed countries, such as those in North America, Western Europe, Oceania, and Eastern Asia, as well as some developing countries in Eastern Europe, Central and South America, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and the oil-rich Arabian... | What number indicates the minimum score for a country to be considered a "low development" country? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What number indicates the minimum score for a country to be considered a "low development" country? | [
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0... |
5ad0d3a5645df0001a2d05b1 | Human_Development_Index | A HDI of 0.8 or more is considered to represent "high development". This includes all developed countries, such as those in North America, Western Europe, Oceania, and Eastern Asia, as well as some developing countries in Eastern Europe, Central and South America, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and the oil-rich Arabian... | Which North American country was included among the seven promoted countries? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Which [MASK] country was included among the [MASK] promoted countries? | [
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5ad0d3a5645df0001a2d05b2 | Human_Development_Index | A HDI of 0.8 or more is considered to represent "high development". This includes all developed countries, such as those in North America, Western Europe, Oceania, and Eastern Asia, as well as some developing countries in Eastern Europe, Central and South America, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and the oil-rich Arabian... | What is the smallest country that was included among the seven promoted countries? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is the smallest country that was included among the [MASK] promoted countries? | [
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5ad0d3eb645df0001a2d05b6 | Human_Development_Index | On the following table, green arrows () represent an increase in ranking over the previous study, while red arrows () represent a decrease in ranking. They are followed by the number of spaces they moved. Blue dashes () represent a nation that did not move in the rankings since the previous study. | If there is an increase in a country's ranking, which indicator will be not present? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | If there is an increase in a country's ranking, which indicator will be not present? | [
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5ad0d3eb645df0001a2d05b7 | Human_Development_Index | On the following table, green arrows () represent an increase in ranking over the previous study, while red arrows () represent a decrease in ranking. They are followed by the number of spaces they moved. Blue dashes () represent a nation that did not move in the rankings since the previous study. | If there is an increase in a country's ranking, which indicator will not be present? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | If there is an increase in a country's ranking, which indicator will not be present? | [
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... |
5ad0d3eb645df0001a2d05b8 | Human_Development_Index | On the following table, green arrows () represent an increase in ranking over the previous study, while red arrows () represent a decrease in ranking. They are followed by the number of spaces they moved. Blue dashes () represent a nation that did not move in the rankings since the previous study. | If a country's ranking does change, which indicator will be present? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | If a country's ranking does change, which indicator will be present? | [
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5ad0d3fd645df0001a2d05c6 | Human_Development_Index | The list below displays the top-ranked country from each year of the Human Development Index. Norway has been ranked the highest twelve times, Canada eight times, followed by Japan which has been ranked highest three times. Iceland has been ranked highest twice. | Which country has been ranked lowest the most number of times? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Which country has been ranked lowest the most number of times? | [
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5ad0d3fd645df0001a2d05c7 | Human_Development_Index | The list below displays the top-ranked country from each year of the Human Development Index. Norway has been ranked the highest twelve times, Canada eight times, followed by Japan which has been ranked highest three times. Iceland has been ranked highest twice. | Which country has received the bottom rank twice? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Which country has received the bottom rank twice? | [
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5ad0d4a5645df0001a2d0604 | Human_Development_Index | The Human Development Index has been criticized on a number of grounds including alleged ideological biases towards egalitarianism and so-called "Western models of development", failure to include any ecological considerations, lack of consideration of technological development or contributions to the human civilizatio... | The HIDI has been criticized for focusing exclusively on what? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | The [MASK] has been criticized for focusing exclusively on what? | [
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5ad0d4a5645df0001a2d0605 | Human_Development_Index | The Human Development Index has been criticized on a number of grounds including alleged ideological biases towards egalitarianism and so-called "Western models of development", failure to include any ecological considerations, lack of consideration of technological development or contributions to the human civilizatio... | Has the HDI been criticized for being biased towards Northern or towards Southern models of development? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Has the HDI been criticized for being biased towards [MASK] or towards [MASK] models of development? | [
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5ad0d4a5645df0001a2d0606 | Human_Development_Index | The Human Development Index has been criticized on a number of grounds including alleged ideological biases towards egalitarianism and so-called "Western models of development", failure to include any ecological considerations, lack of consideration of technological development or contributions to the human civilizatio... | The HDI has been criticized for lack of what type of perspective on nondevelopment? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | The HDI has been criticized for lack of what type of perspective on nondevelopment? | [
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5ad0d4a5645df0001a2d0607 | Human_Development_Index | The Human Development Index has been criticized on a number of grounds including alleged ideological biases towards egalitarianism and so-called "Western models of development", failure to include any ecological considerations, lack of consideration of technological development or contributions to the human civilizatio... | Critics of the HIDI cite its focus on which: egalitarianism or authoritarianism? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Critics of the [MASK] cite its focus on which: egalitarianism or authoritarianism? | [
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5ad0d4f6645df0001a2d062c | Human_Development_Index | The HDI has extended its geographical coverage: David Hastings, of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, published a report geographically extending the HDI to 230+ economies, whereas the UNDP HDI for 2009 enumerates 182 economies and coverage for the 2010 HDI dropped to 169 countr... | How many countries were included in the 2008 HDI? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | How many countries were included in the [MASK] HDI? | [
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... |
5ad0d4f6645df0001a2d062d | Human_Development_Index | The HDI has extended its geographical coverage: David Hastings, of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, published a report geographically extending the HDI to 230+ economies, whereas the UNDP HDI for 2009 enumerates 182 economies and coverage for the 2010 HDI dropped to 169 countr... | How many countries were included in the 2011 HDI? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | How many countries were included in the [MASK] HDI? | [
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... |
5ad0cd27645df0001a2d03c0 | Human_Development_Index | Note: The green arrows (), red arrows (), and blue dashes () represent changes in rank. The changes in rank are not relative to the HDI list above, but are according to the source (p. 168) calculated with the exclusion of countries which are missing IHDI data. | What represents not changing rank? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What represents not changing rank? | [
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... |
5ad0cd27645df0001a2d03c1 | Human_Development_Index | Note: The green arrows (), red arrows (), and blue dashes () represent changes in rank. The changes in rank are not relative to the HDI list above, but are according to the source (p. 168) calculated with the exclusion of countries which are missing IHDI data. | What is relative to the HDI list? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is relative to the HDI list? | [
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5ad0ce1d645df0001a2d041b | Human_Development_Index | Note: The green arrows (), red arrows (), and blue dashes () represent changes in rank when compared to the new 2012 data HDI for 2011 – published in the 2012 report. | What dashes do not represent changes in rank? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What dashes do not represent changes in rank? | [
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0.029977887868881226,
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0.0254856888204813,
0.031777311116456985,
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-0.0483035147190094,
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-0.036374375224113464,
-0.01612740196287632,
-0.010759690776467323,
0.... |
5ad0ce1d645df0001a2d041c | Human_Development_Index | Note: The green arrows (), red arrows (), and blue dashes () represent changes in rank when compared to the new 2012 data HDI for 2011 – published in the 2012 report. | What was published in 2001? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What was published in [MASK]? | [
0.012521961703896523,
0.011242562904953957,
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0.01605527102947235,
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0.020238708704710007,
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0.0067253136076033115,
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... |
5ad0ceb8645df0001a2d0445 | Human_Development_Index | Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI: New Zealand, Chile, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, Liechtenstein, Brunei, Andorra, Qatar, Barbados, United Arab Emirates, and Seychelles. | What is the abbreviation for "very low human development" | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is the abbreviation for "very low human development" | [
0.026113202795386314,
0.0070329452864825726,
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0.008473110385239124,
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0.026473956182599068,
0.010946487076580524,
0.003945762291550636,
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0.017960216850042343,
-0.019721949473023415,
0.0... |
5ad0ceb8645df0001a2d0446 | Human_Development_Index | Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI: New Zealand, Chile, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, Liechtenstein, Brunei, Andorra, Qatar, Barbados, United Arab Emirates, and Seychelles. | What does HDMI mean? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What does HDMI mean? | [
0.05906282737851143,
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0.02325326018035412,
0.04315372183918953,
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0.016236944124102592,
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0... |
5ad0cec7645df0001a2d044a | Human_Development_Index | The 2011 Human Development Report was released on 2 November 2011, and calculated HDI values based on estimates for 2011. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries (equal to the top quartile): | Which year was used for estimates in the 2012 report? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Which year was used for estimates in the [MASK] report? | [
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0.0014040886890143156,
0.0036772729363292456,
0.... |
5ad0cee3645df0001a2d0456 | Human_Development_Index | Note: The green arrows (), red arrows (), and blue dashes () represent changes in rank when compared to the 2011 HDI data for 2010 – published in the 2011 report (p. 131). | What arrows do not represent changes in rank | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What arrows do not represent changes in rank | [
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-0.03183558210730553,
-0.018489396199584007... |
5ad0cf7a645df0001a2d046e | Human_Development_Index | Below is a list of countries in the top quartile by Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI). According to the report, the IHDI is a "measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account." | What does HIMI stand for? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What does HIMI stand for? | [
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... |
5ad0cf7a645df0001a2d046f | Human_Development_Index | Below is a list of countries in the top quartile by Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI). According to the report, the IHDI is a "measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account." | What's the abbreviation for Human non development index? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What's the abbreviation for Human non development index? | [
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0.... |
5ad0cf89645df0001a2d0473 | Human_Development_Index | Note: The green arrows (), red arrows (), and blue dashes () represent changes in rank when compared to the 2011 HDI list, for countries listed in both rankings. | What dashes do not represent changes in rank? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What dashes do not represent changes in rank? | [
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0.... |
5ad0cf93645df0001a2d0480 | Human_Development_Index | Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI include: New Zealand, Liechtenstein, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, United Arab Emirates, Andorra, Brunei, Malta, Qatar, Bahrain, Chile, Argentina and Barbados. | Which Caribbean nation is in the bottom quartile of HDI (but missing IHDI)? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Which [MASK] nation is in the bottom quartile of HDI( but missing IHDI)? | [
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... |
5ad0d0dc645df0001a2d04c1 | Human_Development_Index | Note: The green arrows (), red arrows (), and blue dashes () represent changes in rank when compared to the 2010 HDI list, for countries listed in both rankings. | What arrows do not represent changes in rank? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What arrows do not represent changes in rank? | [
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-0.019707797095179558... |
5ad0d2bc645df0001a2d055e | Human_Development_Index | Some countries were not included for various reasons, such as being a non-UN member, unable, or unwilling to provide the necessary data at the time of publication. Besides the states with limited recognition, the following states were also not included. | Why were all countries included? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | Why were all countries included? | [
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0.0... |
5a6316cf68151a001a9221c4 | Southern_Europe | Some definitions of southern Europe, also known as Mediterranean Europe, include the countries of the Iberian peninsula (Spain and Portugal), the Italian peninsula, southern France and Greece. Other definitions sometimes include the Balkan countries of southeast Europe, which are geographically in the southern part of ... | What is the name for the stretch of land on which France and Greece are located | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is the name for the stretch of land on which [MASK] and [MASK] are located | [
0.04007275775074959,
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-0.0012086044298484921... |
5a6316cf68151a001a9221c5 | Southern_Europe | Some definitions of southern Europe, also known as Mediterranean Europe, include the countries of the Iberian peninsula (Spain and Portugal), the Italian peninsula, southern France and Greece. Other definitions sometimes include the Balkan countries of southeast Europe, which are geographically in the southern part of ... | What is another name for northern Europe | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What is another name for northern [MASK] | [
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... |
5a6316cf68151a001a9221c6 | Southern_Europe | Some definitions of southern Europe, also known as Mediterranean Europe, include the countries of the Iberian peninsula (Spain and Portugal), the Italian peninsula, southern France and Greece. Other definitions sometimes include the Balkan countries of southeast Europe, which are geographically in the southern part of ... | What peninsulas are sometimes included in the scope of southern Europe? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What peninsulas are sometimes included in the scope of southern [MASK]? | [
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0.007632168475538492,
-0.02036037109792232... |
5a6316cf68151a001a9221c7 | Southern_Europe | Some definitions of southern Europe, also known as Mediterranean Europe, include the countries of the Iberian peninsula (Spain and Portugal), the Italian peninsula, southern France and Greece. Other definitions sometimes include the Balkan countries of southeast Europe, which are geographically in the southern part of ... | What area of France is considered a part of the Balkan countries? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What area of [MASK] is considered a part of the [MASK] countries? | [
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0... |
5a6316cf68151a001a9221c8 | Southern_Europe | Some definitions of southern Europe, also known as Mediterranean Europe, include the countries of the Iberian peninsula (Spain and Portugal), the Italian peninsula, southern France and Greece. Other definitions sometimes include the Balkan countries of southeast Europe, which are geographically in the southern part of ... | What countries have the same historical, political, economic, and cultural backgrounds as the rest of southern Europe? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What countries have the same historical, political, economic, and cultural backgrounds as the rest of southern [MASK]? | [
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0.02... |
5a6318cd68151a001a9221ce | Southern_Europe | Different methods can be used to define southern Europe, including its political, economic, and cultural attributes. Southern Europe can also be defined by its natural features — its geography, climate, and flora. | What are three characteristics that can be employed to characterize natural features? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What are [MASK] characteristics that can be employed to characterize natural features? | [
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-0.001... |
5a6318cd68151a001a9221cf | Southern_Europe | Different methods can be used to define southern Europe, including its political, economic, and cultural attributes. Southern Europe can also be defined by its natural features — its geography, climate, and flora. | What are three aspects of the environment of Southern Asia that can be used to distinguish the region? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What are [MASK] aspects of the environment of [MASK] that can be used to distinguish the region? | [
0.02808305248618126,
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... |
5a6318cd68151a001a9221d0 | Southern_Europe | Different methods can be used to define southern Europe, including its political, economic, and cultural attributes. Southern Europe can also be defined by its natural features — its geography, climate, and flora. | What can be defined by its industries? | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | What can be defined by its industries? | [
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0.008344260975718498,
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0.0009217738988809288,
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0.0... |
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