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5acf9df677cf76001a685550
Architecture
While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introducing the concept of "function" in place of Vitruvius' "utility". "Function" came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, percepti...
What were the reactions to the idea that function should never come before other concerns?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What were the reactions to the idea that function should never come before other concerns?
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5acf9f1977cf76001a6855a6
Architecture
Among the philosophies that have influenced modern architects and their approach to building design are rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology.
What are some philosophies that ancient architects use?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What are some philosophies that ancient architects use?
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5acf9f1977cf76001a6855a7
Architecture
Among the philosophies that have influenced modern architects and their approach to building design are rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology.
Rationalism and empiricism are not examples of what?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Rationalism and empiricism are not examples of what?
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5acf9f1977cf76001a6855a8
Architecture
Among the philosophies that have influenced modern architects and their approach to building design are rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology.
Which philosophy came before structuralism?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Which philosophy came before structuralism?
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5acf9f1977cf76001a6855a9
Architecture
Among the philosophies that have influenced modern architects and their approach to building design are rationalism, empiricism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and phenomenology.
Aside from the architects what did the rationalism influence?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Aside from the architects what did the rationalism influence?
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5acfa14d77cf76001a6855e8
Architecture
In the late 20th century a new concept was added to those included in the compass of both structure and function, the consideration of sustainability, hence sustainable architecture. To satisfy the contemporary ethos a building should be constructed in a manner which is environmentally friendly in terms of the producti...
When was the conecept, unsustainable architecture used?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
When was the conecept, unsustainable architecture used?
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5acfa14d77cf76001a6855e9
Architecture
In the late 20th century a new concept was added to those included in the compass of both structure and function, the consideration of sustainability, hence sustainable architecture. To satisfy the contemporary ethos a building should be constructed in a manner which is environmentally friendly in terms of the producti...
What novel concept was introduced at the end of the 19th century?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What novel concept was introduced at [MASK]?
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5acfa14d77cf76001a6855ea
Architecture
In the late 20th century a new concept was added to those included in the compass of both structure and function, the consideration of sustainability, hence sustainable architecture. To satisfy the contemporary ethos a building should be constructed in a manner which is environmentally friendly in terms of the producti...
To what should a building be not friendly?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
To what should a building be not friendly?
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5acfa14d77cf76001a6855eb
Architecture
In the late 20th century a new concept was added to those included in the compass of both structure and function, the consideration of sustainability, hence sustainable architecture. To satisfy the contemporary ethos a building should be constructed in a manner which is environmentally friendly in terms of the producti...
What sort of power sources should a building always overuse if the building is to be considered environmentally friendly?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What sort of power sources should a building always overuse if the building is to be considered environmentally friendly?
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5acfa19577cf76001a685602
Architecture
Building first evolved out of the dynamics between needs (shelter, security, worship, etc.) and means (available building materials and attendant skills). As human cultures developed and knowledge began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices, building became a craft, and "architecture" is the name given...
What dynamic needs were the reason for building to be demolished?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What dynamic needs were the reason for building to be demolished?
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5acfa19577cf76001a685603
Architecture
Building first evolved out of the dynamics between needs (shelter, security, worship, etc.) and means (available building materials and attendant skills). As human cultures developed and knowledge began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices, building became a craft, and "architecture" is the name given...
Oral traditions disallowed what to become formalized in human cultures?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Oral traditions disallowed what to become formalized in human cultures?
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5acfa19577cf76001a685604
Architecture
Building first evolved out of the dynamics between needs (shelter, security, worship, etc.) and means (available building materials and attendant skills). As human cultures developed and knowledge began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices, building became a craft, and "architecture" is the name given...
What was building never considered?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What was building never considered?
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5acfa19577cf76001a685605
Architecture
Building first evolved out of the dynamics between needs (shelter, security, worship, etc.) and means (available building materials and attendant skills). As human cultures developed and knowledge began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices, building became a craft, and "architecture" is the name given...
What was the least valued type of building craft called?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What was the least valued type of building craft called?
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5acfa19577cf76001a685606
Architecture
Building first evolved out of the dynamics between needs (shelter, security, worship, etc.) and means (available building materials and attendant skills). As human cultures developed and knowledge began to be formalized through oral traditions and practices, building became a craft, and "architecture" is the name given...
Aside from skills, what is not required in order to have the means for building?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Aside from skills, what is not required in order to have the means for building?
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5acfa1d377cf76001a68560c
Architecture
It is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of a process of trial and error, with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the process proved increasingly satisfactory. What is termed vernacular architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world. Indeed, vernacul...
What type of buildings are not built mostly through out the world?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What type of buildings are not built mostly through out the world?
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5acfa1d377cf76001a68560d
Architecture
It is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of a process of trial and error, with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the process proved increasingly satisfactory. What is termed vernacular architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world. Indeed, vernacul...
Why did the economy stop expanding?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Why did the economy stop expanding?
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5acfa1d377cf76001a68560e
Architecture
It is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of a process of trial and error, with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the process proved increasingly satisfactory. What is termed vernacular architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world. Indeed, vernacul...
Through what process is it thought that the first architectural achievements were not made?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Through what process is it thought that the [MASK] architectural achievements were not made?
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5acfa1d377cf76001a68560f
Architecture
It is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of a process of trial and error, with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the process proved increasingly satisfactory. What is termed vernacular architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world. Indeed, vernacul...
What is a popular type of architecture that doesn't exist around the planet?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What is a popular type of architecture that doesn't exist around the planet?
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5acfa1d377cf76001a685610
Architecture
It is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of a process of trial and error, with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the process proved increasingly satisfactory. What is termed vernacular architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world. Indeed, vernacul...
In what environment were many of the latest human settlements?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
In what environment were many of the latest human settlements?
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5acfa1f777cf76001a68561e
Architecture
In many ancient civilizations, such as those of Egypt and Mesopotamia, architecture and urbanism reflected the constant engagement with the divine and the supernatural, and many ancient cultures resorted to monumentality in architecture to represent symbolically the political power of the ruler, the ruling elite, or th...
What civilizations didn't use the divine and supernatural in their architecture?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What civilizations didn't use the divine and supernatural in their architecture?
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5acfa1f777cf76001a68561f
Architecture
In many ancient civilizations, such as those of Egypt and Mesopotamia, architecture and urbanism reflected the constant engagement with the divine and the supernatural, and many ancient cultures resorted to monumentality in architecture to represent symbolically the political power of the ruler, the ruling elite, or th...
What are three examples of past civilizations?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What are [MASK] examples of past civilizations?
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5acfa1f777cf76001a685620
Architecture
In many ancient civilizations, such as those of Egypt and Mesopotamia, architecture and urbanism reflected the constant engagement with the divine and the supernatural, and many ancient cultures resorted to monumentality in architecture to represent symbolically the political power of the ruler, the ruling elite, or th...
To what did these civilizations have ties that to weren't shown off by their architecture?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
To what did these civilizations have ties that to weren't shown off by their architecture?
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5acfa1f777cf76001a685621
Architecture
In many ancient civilizations, such as those of Egypt and Mesopotamia, architecture and urbanism reflected the constant engagement with the divine and the supernatural, and many ancient cultures resorted to monumentality in architecture to represent symbolically the political power of the ruler, the ruling elite, or th...
What does architectural monumentality never represent?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What does architectural monumentality never represent?
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5acfa2f177cf76001a685678
Architecture
Early Asian writings on architecture include the Kao Gong Ji of China from the 7th–5th centuries BCE; the Shilpa Shastras of ancient India and Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra of Sri Lanka.
Who wrote late Asian writings?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Who wrote late [MASK] writings?
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5acfa2f177cf76001a685679
Architecture
Early Asian writings on architecture include the Kao Gong Ji of China from the 7th–5th centuries BCE; the Shilpa Shastras of ancient India and Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra of Sri Lanka.
What country rejected the Kao Gong Ji?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What country rejected [MASK]?
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5acfa2f177cf76001a68567b
Architecture
Early Asian writings on architecture include the Kao Gong Ji of China from the 7th–5th centuries BCE; the Shilpa Shastras of ancient India and Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra of Sri Lanka.
What religious writing came from Sri Lanka?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What religious writing came from [MASK]?
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5acfa2f177cf76001a68567c
Architecture
Early Asian writings on architecture include the Kao Gong Ji of China from the 7th–5th centuries BCE; the Shilpa Shastras of ancient India and Manjusri Vasthu Vidya Sastra of Sri Lanka.
India produced which modern architectural text?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
[MASK] produced which modern architectural text?
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5acfa33e77cf76001a685694
Architecture
The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics. Buddhist architecture, in particular, showed great regional diversity. Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the 3rd century BCE, is g...
What religion led to architectural changes in many English countries?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What religion led to architectural changes in many [MASK] countries?
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5acfa33e77cf76001a685695
Architecture
The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics. Buddhist architecture, in particular, showed great regional diversity. Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the 3rd century BCE, is g...
Which cultures architecture showed a lot of similarities?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Which cultures architecture showed a lot of similarities?
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5acfa33e77cf76001a685696
Architecture
The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics. Buddhist architecture, in particular, showed great regional diversity. Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the 3rd century BCE, is g...
When did Muslim temple architecture begin being produced?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
When did [MASK] temple architecture begin being produced?
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5acfa33e77cf76001a685697
Architecture
The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics. Buddhist architecture, in particular, showed great regional diversity. Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the 3rd century BCE, is g...
What does Hindu temple architecture try to hide?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What does [MASK] temple architecture try to hide?
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5acfa33e77cf76001a685698
Architecture
The architecture of different parts of Asia developed along different lines from that of Europe; Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh architecture each having different characteristics. Buddhist architecture, in particular, showed great regional diversity. Hindu temple architecture, which developed around the 3rd century BCE, is g...
What type of architectural is especially known for its non-regional differences
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What type of architectural is especially known for its non-regional differences
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5acfae5477cf76001a685824
Architecture
The major architectural undertakings were the buildings of abbeys and cathedrals. From about 900 CE onwards, the movements of both clerics and tradesmen carried architectural knowledge across Europe, resulting in the pan-European styles Romanesque and Gothic.
What type of buildings were took the least effort to build?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What type of buildings were took the least effort to build?
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5acfae5477cf76001a685825
Architecture
The major architectural undertakings were the buildings of abbeys and cathedrals. From about 900 CE onwards, the movements of both clerics and tradesmen carried architectural knowledge across Europe, resulting in the pan-European styles Romanesque and Gothic.
What were the least important buildings of the time?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What were the least important buildings of the time?
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5acfae5477cf76001a685826
Architecture
The major architectural undertakings were the buildings of abbeys and cathedrals. From about 900 CE onwards, the movements of both clerics and tradesmen carried architectural knowledge across Europe, resulting in the pan-European styles Romanesque and Gothic.
What three groups spread knowledge of architecture in Europe?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What [MASK] groups spread knowledge of architecture in [MASK]?
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5acfae5477cf76001a685827
Architecture
The major architectural undertakings were the buildings of abbeys and cathedrals. From about 900 CE onwards, the movements of both clerics and tradesmen carried architectural knowledge across Europe, resulting in the pan-European styles Romanesque and Gothic.
What style is pre-Gothic?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What style is pre-Gothic?
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5acfae5477cf76001a685828
Architecture
The major architectural undertakings were the buildings of abbeys and cathedrals. From about 900 CE onwards, the movements of both clerics and tradesmen carried architectural knowledge across Europe, resulting in the pan-European styles Romanesque and Gothic.
What is another pre-European style?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What is another [MASK] style?
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5acfaf0977cf76001a685842
Architecture
In Renaissance Europe, from about 1400 onwards, there was a revival of Classical learning accompanied by the development of Renaissance Humanism which placed greater emphasis on the role of the individual in society than had been the case during the Medieval period. Buildings were ascribed to specific architects – Brun...
What was developed before 1400?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What was developed before [MASK]?
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5acfaf0977cf76001a685843
Architecture
In Renaissance Europe, from about 1400 onwards, there was a revival of Classical learning accompanied by the development of Renaissance Humanism which placed greater emphasis on the role of the individual in society than had been the case during the Medieval period. Buildings were ascribed to specific architects – Brun...
When did the Classical learning revival ed?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
When did the Classical learning revival ed?
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5acfaf0977cf76001a685844
Architecture
In Renaissance Europe, from about 1400 onwards, there was a revival of Classical learning accompanied by the development of Renaissance Humanism which placed greater emphasis on the role of the individual in society than had been the case during the Medieval period. Buildings were ascribed to specific architects – Brun...
What state did this revival take place in?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What state did this revival take place in?
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5acfaf0977cf76001a685845
Architecture
In Renaissance Europe, from about 1400 onwards, there was a revival of Classical learning accompanied by the development of Renaissance Humanism which placed greater emphasis on the role of the individual in society than had been the case during the Medieval period. Buildings were ascribed to specific architects – Brun...
What was the name for the time period before this?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What was the name for the time period before this?
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5acfaf0977cf76001a685846
Architecture
In Renaissance Europe, from about 1400 onwards, there was a revival of Classical learning accompanied by the development of Renaissance Humanism which placed greater emphasis on the role of the individual in society than had been the case during the Medieval period. Buildings were ascribed to specific architects – Brun...
What didn't Renaissance Humanism emphasize?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What didn't Renaissance Humanism emphasize?
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5acf954877cf76001a685366
Architecture
Architecture has to do with planning and designing form, space and ambience to reflect functional, technical, social, environmental and aesthetic considerations. It requires the creative manipulation and coordination of materials and technology, and of light and shadow. Often, conflicting requirements must be resolved....
What sort of considerations does architectural design never take into account?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What sort of considerations does architectural design never take into account?
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5acf954877cf76001a685367
Architecture
Architecture has to do with planning and designing form, space and ambience to reflect functional, technical, social, environmental and aesthetic considerations. It requires the creative manipulation and coordination of materials and technology, and of light and shadow. Often, conflicting requirements must be resolved....
In architecture what aspects are never planned and designed?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
In architecture what aspects are never planned and designed?
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5acf954877cf76001a685368
Architecture
Architecture has to do with planning and designing form, space and ambience to reflect functional, technical, social, environmental and aesthetic considerations. It requires the creative manipulation and coordination of materials and technology, and of light and shadow. Often, conflicting requirements must be resolved....
Aside from planning and design what other types of aspects does architecture never involve?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Aside from planning and design what other types of aspects does architecture never involve?
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5acf9e6477cf76001a685568
Architecture
Nunzia Rondanini stated, "Through its aesthetic dimension architecture goes beyond the functional aspects that it has in common with other human sciences. Through its own particular way of expressing values, architecture can stimulate and influence social life without presuming that, in and of itself, it will promote s...
Who said that architecture wasn't able extend beyond function?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Who said that architecture wasn't able extend beyond function?
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5acf9e6477cf76001a685569
Architecture
Nunzia Rondanini stated, "Through its aesthetic dimension architecture goes beyond the functional aspects that it has in common with other human sciences. Through its own particular way of expressing values, architecture can stimulate and influence social life without presuming that, in and of itself, it will promote s...
In what way did Nunzia Rondanini not believe architecture moved past mere functionality?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
In what way did [MASK] not believe architecture moved past mere functionality?
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5acf9e6477cf76001a68556a
Architecture
Nunzia Rondanini stated, "Through its aesthetic dimension architecture goes beyond the functional aspects that it has in common with other human sciences. Through its own particular way of expressing values, architecture can stimulate and influence social life without presuming that, in and of itself, it will promote s...
What couldn't, in Rondanini's opinion, architecture "stimulate and influence"?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What could n't, in [MASK] 's opinion, architecture" stimulate and influence"?
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5acf9e6477cf76001a68556b
Architecture
Nunzia Rondanini stated, "Through its aesthetic dimension architecture goes beyond the functional aspects that it has in common with other human sciences. Through its own particular way of expressing values, architecture can stimulate and influence social life without presuming that, in and of itself, it will promote s...
What should architecture be assumed to promote, according to Rondanini?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What should architecture be assumed to promote, according to [MASK]?
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5acf9e6477cf76001a68556c
Architecture
Nunzia Rondanini stated, "Through its aesthetic dimension architecture goes beyond the functional aspects that it has in common with other human sciences. Through its own particular way of expressing values, architecture can stimulate and influence social life without presuming that, in and of itself, it will promote s...
How does architecture differ from other sciences?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
How does architecture differ from other sciences?
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5acf9e8d77cf76001a68557c
Architecture
To restrict the meaning of (architectural) formalism to art for art's sake is not only reactionary; it can also be a purposeless quest for perfection or originality which degrades form into a mere instrumentality".
What is a reactionary thing to expand formalism's meaning to?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What is a reactionary thing to expand formalism's meaning to?
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5acf9e8d77cf76001a68557d
Architecture
To restrict the meaning of (architectural) formalism to art for art's sake is not only reactionary; it can also be a purposeless quest for perfection or originality which degrades form into a mere instrumentality".
What sort of quest defines purpose?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What sort of quest defines purpose?
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5acf9e8d77cf76001a68557e
Architecture
To restrict the meaning of (architectural) formalism to art for art's sake is not only reactionary; it can also be a purposeless quest for perfection or originality which degrades form into a mere instrumentality".
What ends up being maximized in quality by this quest?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What ends up being maximized in quality by this quest?
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5acfa22477cf76001a685626
Architecture
The architecture and urbanism of the Classical civilizations such as the Greek and the Roman evolved from civic ideals rather than religious or empirical ones and new building types emerged. Architectural "style" developed in the form of the Classical orders.
From what ideals did Classical architecture not come from?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
From what ideals did Classical architecture not come from?
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5acfa22477cf76001a685627
Architecture
The architecture and urbanism of the Classical civilizations such as the Greek and the Roman evolved from civic ideals rather than religious or empirical ones and new building types emerged. Architectural "style" developed in the form of the Classical orders.
These civic ideas allowed what to not come into being?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
These civic ideas allowed what to not come into being?
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5acfa22477cf76001a685628
Architecture
The architecture and urbanism of the Classical civilizations such as the Greek and the Roman evolved from civic ideals rather than religious or empirical ones and new building types emerged. Architectural "style" developed in the form of the Classical orders.
What ideals were Greek and Roman Classical architecture based on?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What ideals were [MASK] and [MASK] Classical architecture based on?
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5acfa22477cf76001a685629
Architecture
The architecture and urbanism of the Classical civilizations such as the Greek and the Roman evolved from civic ideals rather than religious or empirical ones and new building types emerged. Architectural "style" developed in the form of the Classical orders.
What doesn't owe its development to the Classical orders?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What does n't owe its development to the [MASK] orders?
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5acfa27f77cf76001a68565c
Architecture
Texts on architecture have been written since ancient time. These texts provided both general advice and specific formal prescriptions or canons. Some examples of canons are found in the writings of the 1st-century BCE Roman Architect Vitruvius. Some of the most important early examples of canonic architecture are reli...
When were architectural writings last made?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
When were architectural writings last made?
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5acfa27f77cf76001a68565d
Architecture
Texts on architecture have been written since ancient time. These texts provided both general advice and specific formal prescriptions or canons. Some examples of canons are found in the writings of the 1st-century BCE Roman Architect Vitruvius. Some of the most important early examples of canonic architecture are reli...
Aside from general advice what did the texts not contain?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Aside from general advice what did the texts not contain?
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5acfa27f77cf76001a68565e
Architecture
Texts on architecture have been written since ancient time. These texts provided both general advice and specific formal prescriptions or canons. Some examples of canons are found in the writings of the 1st-century BCE Roman Architect Vitruvius. Some of the most important early examples of canonic architecture are reli...
What is another term for specific informal prescriptions?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What is another term for specific informal prescriptions?
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5acfa27f77cf76001a68565f
Architecture
Texts on architecture have been written since ancient time. These texts provided both general advice and specific formal prescriptions or canons. Some examples of canons are found in the writings of the 1st-century BCE Roman Architect Vitruvius. Some of the most important early examples of canonic architecture are reli...
Who wrote canons in 2nd century BCE?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Who wrote canons in [MASK]?
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5acfa27f77cf76001a685660
Architecture
Texts on architecture have been written since ancient time. These texts provided both general advice and specific formal prescriptions or canons. Some examples of canons are found in the writings of the 1st-century BCE Roman Architect Vitruvius. Some of the most important early examples of canonic architecture are reli...
What is an insignificant early architectural canonical type?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What is an insignificant early architectural canonical type?
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5acfae2b77cf76001a68581c
Architecture
In Europe during the Medieval period, guilds were formed by craftsmen to organise their trades and written contracts have survived, particularly in relation to ecclesiastical buildings. The role of architect was usually one with that of master mason, or Magister lathomorum as they are sometimes described in contemporar...
What organizations were not created by Medieval craftsmen?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What organizations were not created by [MASK] craftsmen?
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5acfae2b77cf76001a68581d
Architecture
In Europe during the Medieval period, guilds were formed by craftsmen to organise their trades and written contracts have survived, particularly in relation to ecclesiastical buildings. The role of architect was usually one with that of master mason, or Magister lathomorum as they are sometimes described in contemporar...
What records of the guilds are no longer in existence?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What records of the guilds are no longer in existence?
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5acfae2b77cf76001a68581e
Architecture
In Europe during the Medieval period, guilds were formed by craftsmen to organise their trades and written contracts have survived, particularly in relation to ecclesiastical buildings. The role of architect was usually one with that of master mason, or Magister lathomorum as they are sometimes described in contemporar...
What was the least important thing the contracts were had to do with?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What was the least important thing the contracts were had to do with?
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5acfae2b77cf76001a68581f
Architecture
In Europe during the Medieval period, guilds were formed by craftsmen to organise their trades and written contracts have survived, particularly in relation to ecclesiastical buildings. The role of architect was usually one with that of master mason, or Magister lathomorum as they are sometimes described in contemporar...
What is another term for trainer mason?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What is another term for trainer [MASK]?
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5acfafd677cf76001a68586a
Architecture
A revival of the Classical style in architecture was accompanied by a burgeoning of science and engineering which affected the proportions and structure of buildings. At this stage, it was still possible for an artist to design a bridge as the level of structural calculations involved was within the scope of the genera...
What aspects of buildings did engineering not have an effect on?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What aspects of buildings did engineering not have an effect on?
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5acfafd677cf76001a68586b
Architecture
A revival of the Classical style in architecture was accompanied by a burgeoning of science and engineering which affected the proportions and structure of buildings. At this stage, it was still possible for an artist to design a bridge as the level of structural calculations involved was within the scope of the genera...
What aspects of buildings did science not have an effect on?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What aspects of buildings did science not have an effect on?
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5acfafd677cf76001a68586c
Architecture
A revival of the Classical style in architecture was accompanied by a burgeoning of science and engineering which affected the proportions and structure of buildings. At this stage, it was still possible for an artist to design a bridge as the level of structural calculations involved was within the scope of the genera...
Who still couldn't handle the structural calculations for designing at that time?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Who still couldn't handle the structural calculations for designing at that time?
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5acfb00a77cf76001a68587a
Architecture
With the emerging knowledge in scientific fields and the rise of new materials and technology, architecture and engineering began to separate, and the architect began to concentrate on aesthetics and the humanist aspects, often at the expense of technical aspects of building design. There was also the rise of the "gent...
What two fields got closer?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What [MASK] fields got closer?
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5acfb00a77cf76001a68587b
Architecture
With the emerging knowledge in scientific fields and the rise of new materials and technology, architecture and engineering began to separate, and the architect began to concentrate on aesthetics and the humanist aspects, often at the expense of technical aspects of building design. There was also the rise of the "gent...
What three fields began to grow apart?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What [MASK] fields began to grow apart?
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5acfb00a77cf76001a68587c
Architecture
With the emerging knowledge in scientific fields and the rise of new materials and technology, architecture and engineering began to separate, and the architect began to concentrate on aesthetics and the humanist aspects, often at the expense of technical aspects of building design. There was also the rise of the "gent...
What did architects often favor in their pursuit of aesthetics?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What did architects often favor in their pursuit of aesthetics?
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5acfb00a77cf76001a68587d
Architecture
With the emerging knowledge in scientific fields and the rise of new materials and technology, architecture and engineering began to separate, and the architect began to concentrate on aesthetics and the humanist aspects, often at the expense of technical aspects of building design. There was also the rise of the "gent...
What was a term for an architect who catered to the poor?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What was a term for an architect who catered to the poor?
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5acfb00a77cf76001a68587e
Architecture
With the emerging knowledge in scientific fields and the rise of new materials and technology, architecture and engineering began to separate, and the architect began to concentrate on aesthetics and the humanist aspects, often at the expense of technical aspects of building design. There was also the rise of the "gent...
What did 18th century formal architectural training neglect?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What did [MASK] formal architectural training neglect?
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5acfb03577cf76001a685884
Architecture
Meanwhile, the Industrial Revolution laid open the door for mass production and consumption. Aesthetics became a criterion for the middle class as ornamented products, once within the province of expensive craftsmanship, became cheaper under machine production.
What ended with the Industrial Revolution?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What ended with [MASK]?
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5acfb03577cf76001a685885
Architecture
Meanwhile, the Industrial Revolution laid open the door for mass production and consumption. Aesthetics became a criterion for the middle class as ornamented products, once within the province of expensive craftsmanship, became cheaper under machine production.
What became cheap enough for the lower class to buy?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What became cheap enough for the lower class to buy?
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5acfb03577cf76001a685886
Architecture
Meanwhile, the Industrial Revolution laid open the door for mass production and consumption. Aesthetics became a criterion for the middle class as ornamented products, once within the province of expensive craftsmanship, became cheaper under machine production.
As products came within their financial reach what concept began to interest the upper class?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
As products came within their financial reach what concept began to interest the upper class?
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5acfb03577cf76001a685887
Architecture
Meanwhile, the Industrial Revolution laid open the door for mass production and consumption. Aesthetics became a criterion for the middle class as ornamented products, once within the province of expensive craftsmanship, became cheaper under machine production.
As products came within their financial reach what concept began to interest the lower class?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
As products came within their financial reach what concept began to interest the lower class?
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5acfb06777cf76001a68588c
Architecture
Vernacular architecture became increasingly ornamental. House builders could use current architectural design in their work by combining features found in pattern books and architectural journals.
What kind of books did housebuilders reject?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What kind of books did housebuilders reject?
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5acfb06777cf76001a68588d
Architecture
Vernacular architecture became increasingly ornamental. House builders could use current architectural design in their work by combining features found in pattern books and architectural journals.
What type of design did these texts allow the builders to reject?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What type of design did these texts allow the builders to reject?
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5acfb0a077cf76001a6858a4
Architecture
Around the beginning of the 20th century, a general dissatisfaction with the emphasis on revivalist architecture and elaborate decoration gave rise to many new lines of thought that served as precursors to Modern Architecture. Notable among these is the Deutscher Werkbund, formed in 1907 to produce better quality machi...
At what century's end did revivalist fall into disfavor?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
At what century's end did revivalist fall into disfavor?
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5acfb0a077cf76001a6858a5
Architecture
Around the beginning of the 20th century, a general dissatisfaction with the emphasis on revivalist architecture and elaborate decoration gave rise to many new lines of thought that served as precursors to Modern Architecture. Notable among these is the Deutscher Werkbund, formed in 1907 to produce better quality machi...
What old type of architecture was starting to come into being at this time?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What old type of architecture was starting to come into being at this time?
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5acfb0a077cf76001a6858a6
Architecture
Around the beginning of the 20th century, a general dissatisfaction with the emphasis on revivalist architecture and elaborate decoration gave rise to many new lines of thought that served as precursors to Modern Architecture. Notable among these is the Deutscher Werkbund, formed in 1907 to produce better quality machi...
When did the Deutscher Werkbund end?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
When did the Deutscher Werkbund end?
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5acfb0a077cf76001a6858a7
Architecture
Around the beginning of the 20th century, a general dissatisfaction with the emphasis on revivalist architecture and elaborate decoration gave rise to many new lines of thought that served as precursors to Modern Architecture. Notable among these is the Deutscher Werkbund, formed in 1907 to produce better quality machi...
What started in 1970?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What started in [MASK]?
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5acfb0a077cf76001a6858a8
Architecture
Around the beginning of the 20th century, a general dissatisfaction with the emphasis on revivalist architecture and elaborate decoration gave rise to many new lines of thought that served as precursors to Modern Architecture. Notable among these is the Deutscher Werkbund, formed in 1907 to produce better quality machi...
In 1919 what business opened in Weimar, Germany?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
In [MASK] what business opened in [MASK], [MASK]?
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5acfb0eb77cf76001a6858b8
Architecture
When modern architecture was first practiced, it was an avant-garde movement with moral, philosophical, and aesthetic underpinnings. Immediately after World War I, pioneering modernist architects sought to develop a completely new style appropriate for a new post-war social and economic order, focused on meeting the ne...
What kind of movement was prehistoric architecture in the beginning?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What kind of movement was prehistoric architecture in the beginning?
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5acfb0eb77cf76001a6858b9
Architecture
When modern architecture was first practiced, it was an avant-garde movement with moral, philosophical, and aesthetic underpinnings. Immediately after World War I, pioneering modernist architects sought to develop a completely new style appropriate for a new post-war social and economic order, focused on meeting the ne...
What kind of movement was modern architecture in the ending?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What kind of movement was modern architecture in the ending?
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5acfb0eb77cf76001a6858ba
Architecture
When modern architecture was first practiced, it was an avant-garde movement with moral, philosophical, and aesthetic underpinnings. Immediately after World War I, pioneering modernist architects sought to develop a completely new style appropriate for a new post-war social and economic order, focused on meeting the ne...
Who was the old movement meant to suit the needs of?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Who was the old movement meant to suit the needs of?
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5acfb0eb77cf76001a6858bb
Architecture
When modern architecture was first practiced, it was an avant-garde movement with moral, philosophical, and aesthetic underpinnings. Immediately after World War I, pioneering modernist architects sought to develop a completely new style appropriate for a new post-war social and economic order, focused on meeting the ne...
What details did Modernists' encourage?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What details did Modernists' encourage?
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5acfb12277cf76001a6858c0
Architecture
Architects such as Frank Lloyd Wright developed Organic architecture, in which the form was defined by its environment and purpose, with an aim to promote harmony between human habitation and the natural world with prime examples being Robie House and Fallingwater.
Who was instrumental in rejecting Organic architecture?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Who was instrumental in rejecting Organic architecture?
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5acfb12277cf76001a6858c1
Architecture
Architects such as Frank Lloyd Wright developed Organic architecture, in which the form was defined by its environment and purpose, with an aim to promote harmony between human habitation and the natural world with prime examples being Robie House and Fallingwater.
Who was instrumental in creating inorganic architecture?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Who was instrumental in creating inorganic architecture?
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5acfb12277cf76001a6858c2
Architecture
Architects such as Frank Lloyd Wright developed Organic architecture, in which the form was defined by its environment and purpose, with an aim to promote harmony between human habitation and the natural world with prime examples being Robie House and Fallingwater.
What are four of Wright's designs?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What are [MASK] of [MASK] 's designs?
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5acfb12277cf76001a6858c3
Architecture
Architects such as Frank Lloyd Wright developed Organic architecture, in which the form was defined by its environment and purpose, with an aim to promote harmony between human habitation and the natural world with prime examples being Robie House and Fallingwater.
Wright wanted to promote disharmony in what two groups?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
[MASK] wanted to promote disharmony in what [MASK] groups?
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5acfb16777cf76001a6858c8
Architecture
Architects such as Mies van der Rohe, Philip Johnson and Marcel Breuer worked to create beauty based on the inherent qualities of building materials and modern construction techniques, trading traditional historic forms for simplified geometric forms, celebrating the new means and methods made possible by the Industria...
What made it impossible to design architecture through new means and methods?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What made it impossible to design architecture through new means and methods?
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5acfb16777cf76001a6858c9
Architecture
Architects such as Mies van der Rohe, Philip Johnson and Marcel Breuer worked to create beauty based on the inherent qualities of building materials and modern construction techniques, trading traditional historic forms for simplified geometric forms, celebrating the new means and methods made possible by the Industria...
What old type of construction allowed the making of skyscrapers?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What old type of construction allowed the making of skyscrapers?
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5acfb16777cf76001a6858ca
Architecture
Architects such as Mies van der Rohe, Philip Johnson and Marcel Breuer worked to create beauty based on the inherent qualities of building materials and modern construction techniques, trading traditional historic forms for simplified geometric forms, celebrating the new means and methods made possible by the Industria...
What style came before Modernism?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What style came before Modernism?
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5acfb16777cf76001a6858cb
Architecture
Architects such as Mies van der Rohe, Philip Johnson and Marcel Breuer worked to create beauty based on the inherent qualities of building materials and modern construction techniques, trading traditional historic forms for simplified geometric forms, celebrating the new means and methods made possible by the Industria...
Who designed the Triplet Towers?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Who designed [MASK]?
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5acfb16777cf76001a6858cc
Architecture
Architects such as Mies van der Rohe, Philip Johnson and Marcel Breuer worked to create beauty based on the inherent qualities of building materials and modern construction techniques, trading traditional historic forms for simplified geometric forms, celebrating the new means and methods made possible by the Industria...
What is an example of Domestic Style?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What is an example of Domestic Style?
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5acfb19177cf76001a6858d2
Architecture
Many architects resisted modernism, finding it devoid of the decorative richness of historical styles. As the first generation of modernists began to die after WWII, a second generation of architects including Paul Rudolph, Marcel Breuer, and Eero Saarinen tried to expand the aesthetics of modernism with Brutalism, bui...
What aspect of historical styles did a lot of architects find booming in modernist styles?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
What aspect of historical styles did a lot of architects find booming in modernist styles?
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5acfb19177cf76001a6858d3
Architecture
Many architects resisted modernism, finding it devoid of the decorative richness of historical styles. As the first generation of modernists began to die after WWII, a second generation of architects including Paul Rudolph, Marcel Breuer, and Eero Saarinen tried to expand the aesthetics of modernism with Brutalism, bui...
Who were three architects who discouraged Brutalism?
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
Who were [MASK] architects who discouraged Brutalism?
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