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Iodobenzene dichloride is hydrolyzed by basic solutions to give iodosobenzene (PhIO) and is oxidized by sodium hypochlorite to give iodoxybenzene (PhIO).
In organic synthesis, iodobenzene dichloride is used as a reagent for the selective chlorination of alkenes. and alkynes. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Biological cells which form bonds with a substrate and are at the same time subject to a flow can form long thin membrane cylinders called tethers. These tethers connect the adherent area of the substrate to the main body of the cell. Under physiological conditions, neutrophil tethers can extend to several micrometers.... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The table, like most shaking tables, consists of a riffled deck with a gentle tilt on a stable support to counteract the tables oscillation. A motor, usually mounted to the side, drives a small arm that shakes the table along its length. The riffles are typically less than high and cover more than half the tables surf... | 8 | Metallurgy |
It is possible to work out the equilibrium constant for a chemical reaction involving a mixture of gases given the partial pressure of each gas and the overall reaction formula. For a reversible reaction involving gas reactants and gas products, such as:
the equilibrium constant of the reaction would be:
For reversible... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate is a very strong alkylating agent, although the hazards are diminished because it is non-volatile. It releases strong acid upon contact with water. The properties of the methyl derivative are similar. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
For cellular processes that are not directly related to pathogen resistance or defense, BIK1 does not utilize traditional defense-mediating hormones such as SA, JA, or ACC, but instead utilizes an herbicide, known as paraquat which produces ROIs. It is believed that SA, JA, and ACC have no effect on BIK1 induction beca... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The evidence suggests that there is a general interdependence between base composition patterns and coding region availability. The coding region is thought to contain a higher GC-content than non-coding regions. There is further research that discovered that the longer the coding strand, the higher the GC-content. Sho... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The 2013 ILCOR and 2010 American Heart Association guidelines support the use of cooling following resuscitation from cardiac arrest. These recommendations were largely based on two trials from 2002 which showed improved survival and brain function when cooled to after cardiac arrest.
However, more recent research sug... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Yuri Zhdanov was born on August 20, 1919, in Tver. He graduated from Moscow State University in 1941 with a degree in organic chemistry and served with the Red Army during World War II. He received a Ph.D. in 1948.
In 1947, he was appointed head of the Central Committees Science Department. As head of the department, h... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Knowledge of charge carrier mobility in semiconductors is important for understanding the electronic and materials properties of a system. It is also valuable in device design and optimization. This is particularly true for thin film solar cells and thin film transistors, where charge extraction and amplification, resp... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Brenna visited the FDA infant formula team in late 2001 to encourage omega-3 DHA to be included in infant formula. A few weeks later the FDA issued its “no questions” letter accepting this suggestion and citing his work. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Generating data on RNA transcripts can be achieved via either of two main principles: sequencing of individual transcripts (ESTs, or RNA-Seq) or hybridisation of transcripts to an ordered array of nucleotide probes (microarrays). | 1 | Biochemistry |
Hypothermia has been applied therapeutically since antiquity. The Greek physician Hippocrates, the namesake of the Hippocratic Oath, advocated the packing of wounded soldiers in snow and ice. Napoleonic surgeon Baron Dominique Jean Larrey recorded that officers who were kept closer to the fire survived less often than ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Pipe materials with higher molecular weights (MW), or densities, will have slower material flow rates when in the molten state during fusion. Despite the differences in flow rates, the final joint strength is generally consistent over a fairly wide range of pipe molecular weights. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Cornforth was the focus of a skit on an episode of Comedy Inc., whereby a fictional Who Wants to Be A Millionaire? contestant (played by Genevieve Morris) is asked "Which Australian scientist won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1975?" for the million-dollar question. As it happens, the contest gleefully claims they ar... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) are commonly used by civil engineers in their structures. FRPs respond linear-elastically to axial stress, making them a great material to hold a load. FRPs are usually in a laminate formation with each lamina having unidirectional fibers, typically carbon or glass, embedded within a lay... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The trihexagonal tiling can be geometrically distorted into topologically equivalent tilings of lower symmetry. In these variants of the tiling, the edges do not necessarily line up to form straight lines. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Some nitrones oligimerize: Syntheses with nitrone precursors obviate the issue with increased temperature, to exaggerate entropic factors; or with a nitrone excess. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
There are many types of passive samplers used that specialize in absorbing different classes of aquatic contaminants found in the environment. Chemcatcher and SMPD are two types of passive samplers that are also commonly used. Monitoring programs use SMPDs to measure to hydrophobic organic contaminants. SPMDs are desig... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Many experiments are continuing in the production of metallic hydrogen in laboratory conditions at static compression and low temperature. Arthur Ruoff and Chandrabhas Narayana from Cornell University in 1998, and later Paul Loubeyre and René LeToullec from Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, France in 2002, have shown ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Smelting has serious effects on the environment, producing wastewater and slag and releasing such toxic metals as copper, silver, iron, cobalt, and selenium into the atmosphere. Smelters also release gaseous sulfur dioxide, contributing to acid rain, which acidifies soil and water.
The smelter in Flin Flon, Canada was ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
In the following years, polymer chemists started studying the characteristics of this polymer and worked on enhancing its thermal stability and mechanical properties. In particular, Moore and coworkers conducted rigorous mechanistic studies on poly(phthalaldehyde) by modifying the type of catalyst used, as well as the ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate occurs as a byproduct in the biosynthesis pathway of tryptophan, an essential amino acid that cannot be produced by the human body. | 5 | Photochemistry |
Because of the importance of end groups, there have been many analytical techniques developed for the identification of the groups. The three main methods for analyzing the identity of the end group are by NMR, mass spectrometry (MS) or vibrational spectroscopy (IR or Raman). Each technique has its advantages and disad... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In materials science, Ostwalds rule or Ostwalds step rule, conceived by Wilhelm Ostwald, describes the formation of polymorphs. The rule states that usually the less stable polymorph crystallizes first. Ostwald's rule is not a universal law but a common tendency observed in nature.
This can be explained on the basis of... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Position isomers (also positional isomers or regioisomers) are structural isomers that can be viewed as differing only on the position of a functional group, substituent, or some other feature on the same "parent" structure.
For example, replacing one of the 12 hydrogen atoms –H by a hydroxyl group –OH on the n-pentane... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Apoptotic DNA fragmentation is a natural fragmentation that cells perform in apoptosis (programmed cell death). DNA fragmentation is a biochemical hallmark of apoptosis. In dying cells, DNA is cleaved by an endonuclease that fragments the chromatin into nucleosomal units, which are multiples of about 180-bp oligomers a... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Tungsten is the most common refractory metal that can be used as a selective emitter. It has higher emissivity in the visible and near-IR range of 0.45 to 0.47 and a low emissivity of 0.1 to 0.2 in the IR region. The emitter is usually in the shape of a cylinder with a sealed bottom, which can be considered a cavity. T... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Hydrogen is the simplest solar fuel. Its formation involves only the transference of two electrons to two protons:
The hydrogenase enzymes effect this conversion
Dirhodium photocatalyst and cobalt catalysts. | 5 | Photochemistry |
In condensed matter physics, a quantum spin liquid is a phase of matter that can be formed by interacting quantum spins in certain magnetic materials. Quantum spin liquids (QSL) are generally characterized by their long-range quantum entanglement, fractionalized excitations, and absence of ordinary magnetic order.
The... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The carbonate pump is sometimes referred to as the “hard tissue” component of the biological pump. Some surface marine organisms, like Coccolithophores, produce hard structures out of calcium carbonate, a form of particulate inorganic carbon, by fixing bicarbonate. This fixation of DIC is an important part of the ocean... | 9 | Geochemistry |
In simple manual columns, the eluent is collected in constant volumes, known as fractions. The more similar the particles are in size the more likely they are in the same fraction and not detected separately. More advanced columns overcome this problem by constantly monitoring the eluent.
The collected fractions are of... | 1 | Biochemistry |
PubMeth is a database that contains information about DNA hypermethylation in cancer. It can be queried either by searching a list of genes, or cancer (sub)types.
It was created at the lab for bioinformatics and computational genomics in the Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering at Gh... | 1 | Biochemistry |
These angles are best construed to mean the angles observed (measured) for a given system, and not an historically observed range in values (e.g., as in the range of the original Bürgi–Dunitz aminoketones), or an idealized value computed for a particular system (such as the = 0° for hydride addition to formaldehyde).... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
During the Mississippian period (800–1600 CE, varying locally), elites at major political and religious centers throughout the midwestern and southeastern United States used copper ornamentation as a sign of their status by crafting the sacred material into representations connected with the Chiefly Warrior cult of the... | 8 | Metallurgy |
From the table, poly(ethylene) has a solubility parameter of 7.9 cal cm. Good solvents are likely to be diethyl ether and hexane. (However, PE only dissolves at temperatures well above 100 °C.) Poly(styrene) has a solubility parameter of 9.1 cal cm, and thus ethyl acetate is likely to be a good solvent. Nylon 6,6 ha... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The Emerson effect is the increase in the rate of photosynthesis after chloroplasts are exposed to light of wavelength 680 nm (deep red spectrum) and more than 680 nm (far red spectrum). When simultaneously exposed to light of both wavelengths, the rate of photosynthesis is far higher than the sum of the red light and ... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Marrow's research focuses on the degradation of structural materials, the role of microstructure, and the mechanisms of materials ageing. A key aspect is the investigation of fundamental mechanisms of damage accumulation - including irradiation - using novel materials characterisation techniques. This has concentrated ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
A second metabolite of C. raciborskii was identified from extracts of the cyanobacteria after the observation of a frequently occurring peak accompanying that of CYN during UV and MS experiments. Analysis by MS and NMR methods concluded that this new compound was missing the oxygen adjacent to the uracil ring, and was ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Improvements were gradual over the 1960s. This was also the reason that costs remained high, because space users were willing to pay for the best possible cells, leaving no reason to invest in lower-cost, less-efficient solutions. The price was determined largely by the semiconductor industry; their move to integrated ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
β-Catenin was initially discovered in the early 1990s as a component of a mammalian cell adhesion complex: a protein responsible for cytoplasmatic anchoring of cadherins. But very soon, it was realized that the Drosophila protein armadillo – implicated in mediating the morphogenic effects of Wingless/Wnt – is homologou... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In the Boord olefin synthesis, the addition of magnesium to certain β-haloethers results in an elimination reaction to the alkene. This reaction can limit the utility of Grignard reactions. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Many experiments that suggest the possible sequence of steps in a reaction mechanism have been designed, including:
* measurement of the effect of temperature (Arrhenius equation) to determine the activation energy
* spectroscopic observation of reaction intermediates
* determination of the stereochemistry of products,... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In the case of female patients who want to be treated with HCG Pubergen, Pregnyl:
a) Since infertile female patients who undergo medically assisted reproduction (especially those who need in vitro fertilization), are known to often be suffering from tubal abnormalities, after a treatment with this drug they might exper... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Either the enantiomer of the substrate is derivatized with two enantiomers of the CDA or both enantiomers of the substrate are derivatized with one enantiomer of the CDA. Two diastereomers form in both cases and the chemical shifts of their nuclei are evaluated to assign the configuration of the substrate. | 4 | Stereochemistry |
West Mexican smiths worked primarily in copper during the initial period, with some low-arsenic alloys, as well as occasional employment of silver and gold. Lost-wax cast bells were introduced from lower Central America and Colombia during this phase, along with several classes of cold-worked ornaments and hand tools, ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Le Chateliers principle (pronounced or ), also called Chateliers principle (or the Equilibrium Law), is a principle of chemistry used to predict the effect of a change in conditions on chemical equilibrium. The principle is named after French chemist Henry Louis Le Chatelier, and sometimes also credited to Karl Ferdin... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The White catalyst has been found to be an effective catalyst for an oxidative version of the classic Heck reaction. Rather than performing allylic C-H cleavage—a relatively slow process—the catalyst quickly transmetallates with a boronic acid. This aryl palladium intermediate undergoes a 1,2-addition across the alkene... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
An RNA sequence that is complementary to an endogenous mRNA transcript is sometimes called "antisense RNA". In other words, it is a non-coding strand complementary to the coding sequence of RNA; this is similar to negative-sense viral RNA. When mRNA forms a duplex with a complementary antisense RNA sequence, translatio... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Hyperspectral imaging can provide information about the chemical constituents of materials which makes it useful for waste sorting and recycling. It has been applied to distinguish between substances with different fabrics and to identify natural, animal and synthetic fibers. HSI cameras can be integrated with machine ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Copper has earned a respected place in the related fields of architecture, building construction, and interior design. From cathedrals to castles and from homes to offices, copper is used for a variety of architectural elements, including roofs, flashings, gutters, downspouts, domes, spires, vaults, wall cladding, and ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Nicolas Dauphas married a fellow planetary scientist, Reika Yokochi. The couple had two children. In February 2024, Dauphas posted to his Twitter (X) account that Yokochi had died from EGFR-positive lung cancer.
Dauphas states that he is of "French-American citizenship". | 9 | Geochemistry |
Atomic hydrogen diffusing through metals may collect at internal defects like inclusions and laminations and form molecular hydrogen. High pressures may be built up at such locations due to continued absorption of hydrogen leading to blister formation, growth and eventual bursting of the blister. Such hydrogen induced ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
During springtime in the polar regions of Earth, unique photochemistry converts inert halide salt ions (e.g. Br) into reactive halogen species (e.g. Br atoms and BrO) that episodically deplete ozone in the atmospheric boundary layer to near zero levels. These processes are favored by light and low temperature condition... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Sodium nitrate is used to remove air bubbles from molten glass and some ceramics. Mixtures of the molten salt are used to harden some metals. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The apparent (molal) volume of a solute can be expressed as a function of the molality b of that solute (and of the densities of the solution and solvent). The volume of solution per mole of solute is
Subtracting the volume of pure solvent per mole of solute gives the apparent molal volume:
For more solutes the above e... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Protein acylation is the post-translational modification of proteins via the attachment of functional groups through acyl linkages. Protein acylation has been observed as a mechanism controlling biological signaling. One prominent type is fatty acylation, the addition of fatty acids to particular amino acids (e.g. myri... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
It has been shown that endoglin expression and TGF-beta secretion are attenuated in bone marrow stromal cells when they are cocultured with prostate cancer cells. Also, the downstream TGF-beta/bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling pathway, which includes Smad1 and Smad2/3, were attenuated along with Smad-dependent g... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Chlorophenol red is an indicator dye that changes color from yellow to violet in the pH range 5.4 to 6.8. The pH of a substance is determined by taking the negative logarithm of the Hydronium ion concentration and the indictor changes color due to the dissociation of H ions. The lambda max is at 572 nm. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
It is produced by thermal reactions of compounds of the type HNCHCHX (X = OH, NH, or NHR) in the presence of zeolitic catalysts. An idealized conversion is shown for the conversion from ethanolamine:
:3 HNCHCHOH → N(CHCH)N + NH + 3 HO | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Magnet-assisted transfection is a relatively new and time-saving method to introduce nucleic acids into a target cell with increased efficiency. In particular, adherent mammalian cell lines and primary cell cultures show very high transfection rates. Suspension cells and cells from other organisms can also be successfu... | 1 | Biochemistry |
After lysis of the cells (typically 1 to 2 hours at 4 °C) the slides are washed in distilled water to remove all salts and immersed in a second solution – an electrophoresis solution. Again this solution can have its pH adjusted depending upon the type of damage that is being investigated.
The slides are left for ~20 m... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Note: The table only lists a few examples, there are many more crosses. The possibilities of this technology are great; however, not all species are easily put into protoplast culture. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Mixed-anion compounds, heteroanionic materials or mixed-anion materials are chemical compounds containing cations and more than one kind of anion. The compounds contain a single phase, rather than just a mixture. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
During recent decades, many thermometric techniques have been developed.
The most promising and widespread non-invasive thermometric techniques in a biotech context are based on the analysis of magnetic resonance images, computerized tomography images and echotomography. These techniques allow monitoring temperature w... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The applications of RNA-Seq are growing day by day. Other new application of RNA-Seq includes detection of microbial contaminants, determining cell type abundance (cell type deconvolution), measuring the expression of TEs and Neoantigen prediction etc. | 1 | Biochemistry |
*[[9-Borabicyclo(3.3.1)nonane|9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane]] (9-BBN).
* Thexylborane ((1,1,2-trimethylpropyl)borane, ThxBH), a primary borane obtained by hydroboration of tetramethylethylene. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Much gold jewelry is produced by casting, with little or no cold working; which, depending on the alloy grade, may leave the metal relatively soft and bendable. However, a jeweler may intentionally use work hardening to strengthen wearable objects that are exposed to stress, such as rings. | 8 | Metallurgy |
Digital PCR has many applications in basic research, clinical diagnostics and environmental testing. Its uses include pathogen detection and digestive health analysis; liquid biopsy for cancer monitoring, organ transplant rejection monitoring and non-invasive prenatal testing for serious genetic abnormalities; copy num... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The physicochemical profiling of poorly soluble drug candidates performed using a HTS surface tension device. Allowed prediction of penetration through the blood–brain barrier. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
This disorder occurs through a mutation in the SPR gene, which is responsible for encoding the sepiapterin reductase enzyme. The enzyme is involved in the last step of producing tetrahydrobiopterin, better known as BH. BH is involved in the processing of amino acids and the production of neurotransmitters, specifically... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Due to their extensive use, non-ferrous scrap metals are usually recycled. The secondary materials in scrap are vital to the metallurgy industry, as the production of new metals often needs them. Some recycling facilities re-smelt and recast non-ferrous materials; the dross is collected and stored onsite while the meta... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Reactivity of sterically demanding lithium (fluorosilyl)silylphosphanides with GeI yields green, cubic crystals in moderate yield. The identity of this species was investigated using only multinuclear NMR, elemental analysis, and UV-vis. Computational calculations (at the CIS level with the ab initio Los Alamos pseudop... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
As T-RFLP is a fingerprinting technique its advantages and drawbacks are often discussed in comparison with other similar techniques, mostly DGGE. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Chemists have long been interested in mimicking chemical processes in nature. Coordination cages quickly became a hot topic as they can be made by self-assembly, a tool of chemistry in nature. The conceptualization of a closed-surface molecule capable of incorporating a guest was described by Donald Cram in 1985. Early... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
N-X-L nomenclature, introduced collaboratively by the research groups of Martin, Arduengo, and Kochi in 1980, is often used to classify hypervalent compounds of main group elements, where:
* N represents the number of valence electrons
* X is the chemical symbol of the central atom
* L the number of ligands to the cent... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
The P700 reaction center is composed of modified chlorophyll a that best absorbs light at a wavelength of 700 nm. P700 receives energy from antenna molecules and uses the energy from each photon to raise an electron to a higher energy level (P700*). These electrons are moved in pairs in an oxidation/reduction process f... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Alkenes that are particularly amenable to asymmetric hydrogenation often feature a polar functional group adjacent to the site to be hydrogenated. In the absence of this functional group, catalysis often results in low ees. For some unfunctionalized olefins, iridium with P,N'-based ligands) have proven effective, how... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Due to the ability of Ang to protect motoneurons (MNs), causal links between Ang mutations and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are likely. The angiogenic factors associated with Ang may protect the central nervous system and MNs directly. Experiments with wild type Ang found that it slows MN degeneration in mice th... | 1 | Biochemistry |
To date, OTTR has been used for quantifying tRNA species. This method provides a reliable and precise quantification of tRNAs and allows for the detection of changes in tRNA levels under different physiological conditions. Therefore, this method is useful for a variety of research applications in the field of molecular... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Unit conversion is a notorious source of errors. Many people apply individual rules, e.g. "to obtain length in centimeters multiply the length in inches by 2.54", but combining several such conversions is laborious and prone to mistakes. A better way is to use the factor-label method, which is closely related to dimens... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The cyclic enones include cyclopropenone, cyclobutenone, cyclopentenone, cyclohexenone, and cycloheptenone. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The esperamicins are a sub-family of enediynes that are considered among the most potent antitumor antibiotics discovered. First isolated in Actinomadura verrucosospora, members of the esperamicin family include esperamicin A1, A1b, A2, A3, A4, B1, B2, and X. Esperamicin X is an inactive esperamicin naturally produced ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Reticular synthesis was used by Yaghi and coworkers in 2005 to construct the first two COFs reported in the literature: COF-1, using a dehydration reaction of benzenediboronic acid (BDBA), and COF-5, via a condensation reaction between hexahydroxytriphenylene (HHTP) and BDBA. These framework scaffolds were interconnect... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
Persons with certain genetic variations in human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) are under increased risk of developing skin reactions such as acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), but also severe ones such as Stevens–Johnson and DRESS syndrome, under treatment with carbamazepine and drugs with related chemical ... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Chloridizing roasting transforms certain metal compounds to chlorides through oxidation or reduction. Some metals such as uranium, titanium, beryllium and some rare earths are processed in their chloride form. Certain forms of chloridizing roasting may be represented by the overall reactions:
:2NaCl + MS + 2O -> ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Scientists performing biomonitoring testing are able to detect and measure concentrations of natural and manmade chemicals in human blood and urine samples at parts-per-billion to parts-per-quadrillion levels. A 2006 U.S. National Research Council report found that while scientists were capable of detecting the chemica... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Pathways utilizing nutrients found in low concentrations in the local environment are generally found in higher abundance in the virus. In marine environments, AMGs can confer fitness advantages for both host and viruses under relatively nutrient-limited conditions compared to sediment and strong ultraviolet stress of ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The two enantiomers of a molecule possess many of the same physical properties (e.g. melting point, boiling point, polarity etc.) and so behave identically to each other. As a result, they will migrate with an identical R in thin layer chromatography and have identical retention times in HPLC and GC. Their NMR and IR s... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Several quasi-2-D systems, including layered transition metal dichalcogenides, undergo Peierls transitions to form quasi-2-D CDWs. These result from multiple nesting wavevectors coupling different flat regions of the Fermi surface. The charge modulation can either form a honeycomb lattice with hexagonal symmetry or a c... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Recombinases have a central role in homologous recombination in a wide range of organisms. Such recombinases have been described in archaea, bacteria, eukaryotes and viruses. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Antibody-vaccine engineered construct abbreviated AVEC is an anti cancer drug in clinical trials that enables the immune system to detect and naturally eliminate malignant cells. It is a biomolecularly engineered molecule consisting of the two main components: (1) antibody; (2) vaccine. (1) The antibody component binds... | 1 | Biochemistry |
S-Methylcysteine is the amino acid with the nominal formula CHSCHCH(NH)COH. It is the S-methylated derivative of cysteine. This amino acid occurs widely in plants, including many edible vegetables. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Solid materials typically come in two main types: crystalline and amorphous. In either case, a lattice or network of atoms and molecules form. In crystals, the lattice is a very neat, uniform assembly. However, nearly all crystals have defects in the stacking sequence of these molecules and atoms. A vacancy defect, whe... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In superconducting materials, the characteristics of superconductivity appear when the temperature T is lowered below a critical temperature T. The value of this critical temperature varies from material to material. Conventional superconductors usually have critical temperatures ranging from around 20 K to less than 1... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In most cases, unidirectional transcription of enhancer regions generates long (>4kb) and polyadenylated eRNAs. Enhancers that generate polyA+ eRNAs have a lower H3K4me1/me3 ratio in their chromatin signature than 2D-eRNAs. PolyA+ eRNAs are distinct from long multiexonic poly transcripts (meRNAs) that are generated by ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
PT is released from B. pertussis in an inactive form. Following PT binding to a cell membrane receptor, it is taken up in an endosome, after which it undergoes retrograde transport to the trans-Golgi network and endoplasmic reticulum. At some point during this transport, the A subunit (or protomer) becomes activated, p... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The lost-wax technique came to be known in the Mediterranean during the Bronze Age. It was a major metalworking technique utilized in the ancient Mediterranean world, notably during the Classical period of Greece for large-scale bronze statuary and in the Roman world.
Direct imitations and local derivations of Oriental... | 8 | Metallurgy |
TRH may cause nausea, vomiting and some patients experience an urge to urinate.
Rarely, TRH may cause blood vessel constriction leading to hemorrhage in patients with pre-existing pituitary tumors. Accordingly, patients should be advised about the risks, albeit rare, of TRH testing. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Trifluoroperacetic acid (trifluoroperoxyacetic acid, TFPAA) is an organofluorine compound, the peroxy acid analog of trifluoroacetic acid, with the condensed structural formula . It is a strong oxidizing agent for organic oxidation reactions, such as in Baeyer–Villiger oxidations of ketones. It is the most reactive of ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
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