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The waste stream is irradiated with Ultraviolet radiation. The UV radiation disinfect by disrupting the pathogen cell to be mutated and prevent the cell from replicating. Eventually the mutated cell becomes extinct and this process eliminates odour. | 5 | Separation Processes |
Incandescence is the emission of electromagnetic radiation (including visible light) from a hot body as a result of its high temperature. The term derives from the Latin verb incandescere, to glow white. A common use of incandescence is the incandescent light bulb, now being phased out.
Incandescence is due to thermal... | 0 | Luminescence |
The Morin transition (also known as a spin-flop transition) is a magnetic phase transition in α-FeO hematite where the antiferromagnetic ordering is reorganized from being aligned perpendicular to the c-axis to be aligned parallel to the c-axis below T.
T = 260K for Fe in α-FeO.
A change in magnetic properties takes pl... | 7 | Magnetic Ordering |
Ultraviolet radiation can aggravate several skin conditions and diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögrens syndrome, Sinear Usher syndrome, rosacea, dermatomyositis, Dariers disease, Kindler–Weary syndrome and Porokeratosis. | 8 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
Electrofiltration is a method that combines membrane filtration and electrophoresis in a dead-end process.
Electrofiltration is regarded as an appropriate technique for concentration and fractionation of biopolymers. The film formation on the filter membrane which hinders filtration can be minimized or completely avoid... | 5 | Separation Processes |
The sonoluminescence effect was first discovered at the University of Cologne in 1934 as a result of work on sonar. Hermann Frenzel and H. Schultes put an ultrasound transducer in a tank of photographic developer fluid. They hoped to speed up the development process. Instead, they noticed tiny dots on the film after de... | 0 | Luminescence |
* Due to the structure, the pressure difference is theoretically limited to atmospheric pressure (1 bar), and in practice somewhat lower.
* Besides the drum, other accessories, for example, agitators and vacuum pump, vacuum receivers, slurry pumps are required.
* The discharge cake contains residual moisture.
* The cak... | 5 | Separation Processes |
(Z)-Stilbene is a diarylethene, that is, a hydrocarbon consisting of a cis ethene double bond substituted with a phenyl group on both carbon atoms of the double bond. The name stilbene was derived from the Greek word , which means shining. | 0 | Luminescence |
In a hexagonal system the axis is an axis of sixfold rotation symmetry. The energy density is, to fourth
order,
The uniaxial anisotropy is mainly determined by these first two terms. Depending on the values and , there are four different kinds of anisotropy (isotropic, easy axis, easy plane and easy cone):
* : the f... | 7 | Magnetic Ordering |
UV light is electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths shorter than visible light but longer than X-rays. UV is categorised into several wavelength ranges, with short-wavelength UV (UV-C) considered "germicidal UV". Wavelengths between about 200 nm and 300 nm are strongly absorbed by nucleic acids. The absorbed energy ... | 8 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
Cell culture techniques make it possible to produce epithelial sheets for the replacement of damaged oral mucosa. Partial-thickness tissue engineering uses one type of cell layer, this can be in monolayers or multilayers. Monolayer epithelial sheets suffice for the study of the basic biology of oral mucosa, for example... | 2 | Tissue Engineering |
Lectins are widespread in nature, and many foods contain the proteins. Some lectins can be harmful if poorly cooked or consumed in great quantities. They are most potent when raw as boiling, stewing or soaking in water for several hours can render most lectins inactive. Cooking raw beans at low heat, though, such as i... | 6 | Carbohydrates |
In 1949 expatriate German Ronald Richter proposed the Huemul Project in Argentina, announcing positive results in 1951. These turned out to be fake, but prompted others' interest. Lyman Spitzer began considering ways to solve problems involved in confining a hot plasma, and, unaware of the Z-pinch efforts, he created t... | 3 | Nuclear Fusion |
A common method of freezing lesions is by using liquid nitrogen as the cryogen. The liquid nitrogen may be applied to lesions using a variety of methods; such as dipping a cotton or synthetic material tipped applicator in liquid nitrogen and then directly applying the cryogen onto the lesion. The liquid nitrogen can al... | 1 | Cryobiology |
Organoids offer researchers an exceptional model to study developmental biology. Since the identification of pluripotent stem cells, there have been great advancements in directing pluripotent stem cells fate in vitro using 2D cultures. These advancements in PSC fate direction, coupled with the advancements in 3D cultu... | 2 | Tissue Engineering |
One application of SPMR is the detection of disease and cancer. This is accomplished by functionalizing the NP with biomarkers, including cell antibodies (Ab). The functionalized NP+Ab may be subsequently attached to cells targeted by the biomarker in cell cultures, blood and marrow samples, as well as animal models.
A... | 7 | Magnetic Ordering |
Animal studies have shown the benefit of targeted temperature management in traumatic central nervous system (CNS) injuries. Clinical trials have shown mixed results with regards to the optimal temperature and delay of cooling. Achieving therapeutic temperatures of is thought to prevent secondary neurological injuries... | 1 | Cryobiology |
In the late 1960s it was discovered that illuminated organic dyes can generate electricity at oxide electrodes in electrochemical cells. In an effort to understand and simulate the primary processes in photosynthesis the phenomenon was studied at the University of California at Berkeley with chlorophyll extracted from ... | 8 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
Each TERMIS chapter has defined awards to recognize outstanding scientists and their contributions within the community. | 2 | Tissue Engineering |
In white dwarfs, the core of the star is cold, under which conditions, so, if treated classically, the nuclei that arrange themselves into a crystal lattice are in their ground state. The zero-point oscillations of nuclei in the crystal lattice with energy at the energy at Gamow's peak equal to can overcome the Coulo... | 3 | Nuclear Fusion |
Alpha-glucosidases are targeted by alpha-glucosidase inhibitors such as acarbose and miglitol to control diabetes mellitus type 2. | 6 | Carbohydrates |
Co-translational O-GlcNAc has been identified on Sp1 and Nup62. This modification suppresses co-translational ubiquitination and thus protects nascent polypeptides from proteasomal degradation. Similar protective effects of O-GlcNAc on full-length Sp1 have been observed. It is unknown if this pattern is universal or on... | 6 | Carbohydrates |
The purpose of dynamic micromagnetics is to predict the time evolution of the magnetic configuration of a sample subject to some non-steady conditions such as the application of a field pulse or an AC field. This is done by solving the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation, which is a partial differential equation describin... | 7 | Magnetic Ordering |
The observed magnetic anisotropy in an object can happen for several different reasons. Rather than having a single cause, the overall magnetic anisotropy of a given object is often explained by a combination of these different factors:
; Magnetocrystalline anisotropy: The atomic structure of a crystal introduces prefe... | 7 | Magnetic Ordering |
The photo-oxidation of polymers can be investigated by either natural or accelerated weather testing. Such testing is important in determining the expected service-life of plastic items as well as the fate of waste plastic.
In natural weather testing, polymer samples are directly exposed to open weather for a continuou... | 8 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
The number to be transferred depends on the number available, the age of the patient and other health and diagnostic factors. In countries such as Canada, the UK, Australia and New Zealand, a maximum of two embryos are transferred except in unusual circumstances. In the UK and according to HFEA regulations, a woman ove... | 1 | Cryobiology |
This basic concept is more correctly known as an aspirating skimmer, since some skimmer designs using an aspirator do not use a "Pin-Wheel"/"Adrian-Wheel" or "Needle-Wheel". "Pin-Wheel"/"Adrian-Wheel" describes the look of an impeller that consists of a disk with pins mounted perpendicular (90°) to the disc and paralle... | 5 | Separation Processes |
The collective–amoeboid transition (CMT) is a process by which collective multicellular groups dissociate into amoeboid single cells following the down-regulation of integrins. CMTs contrast with epithelial–mesenchymal transitions (EMT) which occur following a loss of E-cadherin. Like EMTs, CATs are involved in the inv... | 2 | Tissue Engineering |
In the early 1970s Bussard became Assistant Director under Director Robert Hirsch at the Controlled Thermonuclear Reaction Division of what was then known as the Atomic Energy Commission. They founded the mainline fusion program for the United States: the Tokamak. In June 1995, Bussard claimed in a letter to all fusion... | 3 | Nuclear Fusion |
In 2016, scientists in Japan announced they had successfully grown human skin in a lab. The skin was created using induced pluripotent stem cells, and when implanted in a mouse, the skin grew hairs successfully. Dr. Takashi Tsuji has sought donations for the group's research. The group has also formed a partnership wit... | 2 | Tissue Engineering |
The hydrated proton is very acidic: at 25 °C, its pK is approximately 0. The values commonly given for pK(HO) are 0 or –1.74. The former uses the convention that the activity of the solvent in a dilute solution (in this case, water) is 1, while the latter uses the value of the concentration of water in the pure liquid ... | 4 | Acids + Bases |
** HIF-2010 Symposium in Darmstadt, Germany. Robert J Burke presented on Single Pass (Heavy Ion Fusion) HIF and Charles Helsley made a presentation on the commercialization of HIF within the decade.
** May 23–26, Workshop for Accelerators for Heavy Ion Fusion at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, presentation by Ro... | 3 | Nuclear Fusion |
UV-sensitive syndrome is a cutaneous condition inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion, characterized by photosensitivity and solar lentigines. Recent research identified that mutations of the KIAA1530 (UVSSA) gene as cause for the development of UV-sensitive syndrome. Furthermore, this protein was identified as a ... | 8 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
The triple-alpha process is a set of nuclear fusion reactions by which three helium-4 nuclei (alpha particles) are transformed into carbon. | 3 | Nuclear Fusion |
A major step was the work of Heinrich Heesch, who first rigorously established the concept of antisymmetry as part of a series of papers in 1929 and 1930. Applying this antisymmetry operation to the 32 crystallographic point groups gives a total of 122 magnetic point groups. However, although Heesch correctly laid out ... | 7 | Magnetic Ordering |
Although it has not yet been commercialized for clinical use clinical studies have been done on intra- and extra-oral treatments with full-thickness engineered oral mucosa.
Full-thickness engineered oral mucosa is mainly used in maxillofacial reconstructive surgery and periodontal peri-implant reconstruction. Good clin... | 2 | Tissue Engineering |
Recent attempts have been made to relabel antifreeze proteins as ice structuring proteins to more accurately represent their function and to dispose of any assumed negative relation between AFPs and automotive antifreeze, ethylene glycol. These two things are completely separate entities, and show loose similarity only... | 1 | Cryobiology |
Cooling catheters are inserted into a femoral vein. Cooled saline solution is circulated through either a metal coated tube or a balloon in the catheter. The saline cools the persons whole body by lowering the temperature of a persons blood. Catheters reduce temperature at rates ranging from per hour. Through the use ... | 1 | Cryobiology |
The term "hysteresis" is derived from , an Ancient Greek word meaning "deficiency" or "lagging behind". It was coined in 1881 by Sir James Alfred Ewing to describe the behaviour of magnetic materials.
Some early work on describing hysteresis in mechanical systems was performed by James Clerk Maxwell. Subsequently, hyst... | 7 | Magnetic Ordering |
Often, some amount of hysteresis is intentionally added to an electronic circuit to prevent unwanted rapid switching. This and similar techniques are used to compensate for contact bounce in switches, or noise in an electrical signal.
A Schmitt trigger is a simple electronic circuit that exhibits this property.
A latch... | 7 | Magnetic Ordering |
United States Navy researchers at the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center (SPAWAR) in San Diego have been studying cold fusion since 1989. In 2002 they released a two-volume report, "Thermal and nuclear aspects of the Pd/DO system", with a plea for funding. This and other published papers prompted a 2004 Department ... | 3 | Nuclear Fusion |
The theory of bubble dynamics was started in 1917 by Lord Rayleigh during his work with the Royal Navy to investigate cavitation damage on ship propellers. Over several decades his work was refined and developed by Milton Plesset, Andrea Prosperetti, and others. The Rayleigh–Plesset equation is:
where is the bubble ra... | 0 | Luminescence |
Protein skimming removes certain organic compounds, including proteins and amino acids found in food particles and fish waste, by using the polarity of the protein itself. Due to their intrinsic charge, water-borne proteins are either repelled or attracted by the air/water interface and these molecules can be described... | 5 | Separation Processes |
A strong acid is an acid that dissociates according to the reaction
where S represents a solvent molecule, such as a molecule of water or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), to such an extent that the concentration of the undissociated species is too low to be measured. For practical purposes a strong acid can be said to be c... | 4 | Acids + Bases |
Mixtures similar to Undark, consisting of radium and zinc sulfide were used by other companies. Trade names include:
* Luna, used by the Radium Dial Company, a division of Standard Chemical Company
and
* Marvelite, used by Cold Light Manufacturing Company (a subsidiary of the Radium Company of Colorado) | 0 | Luminescence |
In condensed matter physics, a spin glass is a magnetic state characterized by randomness, besides cooperative behavior in freezing of spins at a temperature called "freezing temperature" T. In ferromagnetic solids, component atoms' magnetic spins all align in the same direction. Spin glass when contrasted with a fe... | 7 | Magnetic Ordering |
Nuclear fusion is normally understood to occur at temperatures in the tens of millions of degrees. This is called "thermonuclear fusion". Since the 1920s, there has been speculation that nuclear fusion might be possible at much lower temperatures by catalytically fusing hydrogen absorbed in a metal catalyst. In 1989, a... | 3 | Nuclear Fusion |
** Ernest Rutherford's Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University begins nuclear experiments with a particle accelerator built by John Cockcroft and Ernest Walton.
** In April, Walton produces the first man-made fission by using protons from the accelerator to split lithium into alpha particles.
** Using an updated v... | 3 | Nuclear Fusion |
Nanoscience and nanotechnology have been emerging as a technology for the development of various hybrid and composite materials for biomedical applications. When nanomaterials are used for the development of the composites in biology, they are called bionanocomposites. Bionanocomposites have been used in tissue enginee... | 6 | Carbohydrates |
In a traditional solid-state semiconductor, a solar cell is made from two doped crystals, one doped with n-type impurities (n-type semiconductor), which add additional free conduction band electrons, and the other doped with p-type impurities (p-type semiconductor), which add additional electron holes. When placed in c... | 8 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
Around the world, household drinking water purification systems, including a RO step, are commonly used for improving water for drinking and cooking.
Such systems typically include these steps:
* a sediment filter to trap particles, including rust and calcium carbonate
* a second sediment filter with smaller pores
* an... | 5 | Separation Processes |
Protein phosphatase 1 subunits PP1β and PP1γ have been shown to form functional complexes with OGT. A synthetic phosphopeptide was able to be dephosphorylated and O-GlcNAcylated by an OGT immunoprecipitate. This complex has been referred to as a "yin-yang complex" as it replaces a phosphate modification with an O-GlcNA... | 6 | Carbohydrates |
Economic systems can exhibit hysteresis. For example, export performance is subject to strong hysteresis effects: because of the fixed transportation costs it may take a big push to start a country's exports, but once the transition is made, not much may be required to keep them going.
When some negative shock reduces ... | 7 | Magnetic Ordering |
After clearing and labeling, tissues are typically imaged using confocal microscopy, two-photon microscopy, or one of the many variants of light-sheet fluorescence microscopy. Other less commonly used methods include optical projection tomography and stimulated Raman scattering. | 2 | Tissue Engineering |
Electrons and nuclei are kept together by electrostatic attraction (negative attracts positive). Furthermore, electrons are sometimes shared by neighboring atoms or transferred to them (by processes of quantum physics); this link between atoms is referred to as a chemical bond and is responsible for the formation of al... | 3 | Nuclear Fusion |
In the early 1950s, Oak Ridge National Laboratory was composed of a small group of scientists that were mostly experienced with research in ion-source technology. However, research from Project Sherwood was a growing area of interest, and the researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory wanted to participate in the dis... | 3 | Nuclear Fusion |
Hydroiodic acid is listed as a U.S. Federal DEA List I Chemical, owing to its use as a reducing agent related to the production of methamphetamine from ephedrine or pseudoephedrine (recovered from nasal decongestant pills). | 4 | Acids + Bases |
*Undark produced by the United States Radium Corporation
*Luna produced by the Radium Dial Company
*Marvelite produced by the Cold Light Manufacturing Company (a subsidiary of the Radium Company of Colorado) | 0 | Luminescence |
Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates in that they cannot be hydrolyzed to smaller carbohydrates. They are aldehydes or ketones with two or more hydroxyl groups. The general chemical formula of an unmodified monosaccharide is (C•HO), literally a "carbon hydrate". Monosaccharides are important fuel molecules as... | 6 | Carbohydrates |
The Endocare PerCryo Percutaneous Cryoablation device utilizes argon as a coolant and can be used with four different single cryoprobe configurations with a diameter of either 1.7 mm (~16 gauge) or 2.4 mm (~13 gauge) in diameter .
The Myoscience Iovera is a handheld device that uses nitrous oxide as a coolant and can b... | 1 | Cryobiology |
A heterogeneous mixture (e. g. liquid and solid) can be separated by mechanical separation processes like filtration or centrifugation. Homogeneous mixtures can be separated by molecular separation processes; these are either equilibrium-based or rate-controlled. Equilibrium-based processes are operating by the formati... | 5 | Separation Processes |
Indoor tanning involves using a device that emits ultraviolet radiation to produce a cosmetic tan. Typically found in tanning salons, gyms, spas, hotels, and sporting facilities, and less often in private residences, the most common device is a horizontal tanning bed, also known as a sunbed or solarium. Vertical device... | 8 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
Suppose that a ferromagnet is single-domain in the strictest sense: the magnetization is uniform and rotates in unison. If the magnetic moment is and the volume of the particle is , the magnetization is , where is the saturation magnetization and are direction cosines (components of a unit vector) so . The energy as... | 7 | Magnetic Ordering |
The synthesis of glycogen in the liver following a fructose-containing meal proceeds from gluconeogenic precursors. Fructose is initially converted to DHAP and glyceraldehyde by fructokinase and aldolase B. The resultant glyceraldehyde then undergoes phosphorylation to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. Increased concentratio... | 6 | Carbohydrates |
Glucosinolates constitute a natural class of organic compounds that contain sulfur and nitrogen and are derived from glucose and an amino acid.
They are water-soluble anions and belong to the glucosides. Every glucosinolate contains a central carbon atom, which is bound to the sulfur atom of the thioglucose group, and... | 6 | Carbohydrates |
Localization of magnetic sources producing the SPMR fields is done by solving the inverse problem of electromagnetism. The forward electromagnetic problem consists of modeling the sources as magnetic dipoles for each magnetic source or more complex configurations that model each source as a distributed source. Examples... | 7 | Magnetic Ordering |
A risk of ovarian stimulation is the development of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, particularly if hCG is used for inducing final oocyte maturation. This results in swollen, painful ovaries. It occurs in 30% of patients. Mild cases can be treated with over the counter medications and cases can be resolved in the ab... | 1 | Cryobiology |
Weerman degradation, also named Weerman reaction, is a name reaction in organic chemistry. It is named after Rudolf Adrian Weerman, who discovered it in 1910. In general, it is an organic reaction in carbohydrate chemistry in which amides are degraded by sodium hypochlorite, forming an aldehyde with one less carbon. So... | 6 | Carbohydrates |
Applications in biotechnology were developed only most recently. This is due to the sensitivity of bioproducts such as proteins towards organic extractants.
One approach by C. van den Berg et al. focuses on the use of impregnated particles for in situ recovery of phenol from Pseudomonas putida fermentations using ionic... | 5 | Separation Processes |
In condensed matter physics, the term geometrical frustration (or in short: frustration) refers to a phenomenon where atoms tend to stick to non-trivial positions or where, on a regular crystal lattice, conflicting inter-atomic forces (each one favoring rather simple, but different structures) lead to quite complex str... | 7 | Magnetic Ordering |
In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a process of fertilisation where an egg is combined with sperm in vitro ("in glass"). The process involves monitoring and stimulating a womans ovulatory process, removing an ovum or ova (egg or eggs) from their ovaries and letting a mans sperm fertilise them in a culture medium in a labo... | 1 | Cryobiology |
Zenobi-Wong completed her undergraduate degree in mechanical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and a graduate degree at Stanford University. She completed her PhD on the role of mechanical forces in skeletal development in 1990. After this, she first worked for a year as a postdoc in the Orthopa... | 2 | Tissue Engineering |
Muon-catalyzed fusion is a fusion process that occurs at ordinary temperatures. It was studied in detail by Steven Jones in the early 1980s. Net energy production from this reaction has been unsuccessful because of the high energy required to create muons, their short 2.2 µs half-life, and the high chance that a muon w... | 3 | Nuclear Fusion |
Medium-pressure mercury-vapor lamps have historically been the industry standard for curing products with ultraviolet light. The bulbs work by sending an electric discharge to excite a mixture of mercury and noble gases, generating a plasma. Once the mercury reaches a plasma state, it irradiates a high spectral output ... | 8 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
An absorption or release of nuclear energy occurs in nuclear reactions or radioactive decay; those that absorb energy are called endothermic reactions and those that release energy are exothermic reactions. Energy is consumed or released because of differences in the nuclear binding energy between the incoming and outg... | 3 | Nuclear Fusion |
Biological scaffolds can be created from human donor tissue or from animals; however, animal tissue is often more popular since it is more widely accessible and more plentiful. Xenograft, from a donor of a different species from the recipient, heart valves can be from either pigs, cows, or sheep. If either human or ani... | 2 | Tissue Engineering |
The energy density for a tetragonal crystal is
Note that the term, the one that determines the basal plane anisotropy, is fourth order (same as the term). The definition of may vary by a constant multiple between publications.
The energy density for a rhombohedral crystal is | 7 | Magnetic Ordering |
A magnetic particle with triaxial anisotropy still has a single easy axis, but it also has a hard axis (direction of maximum energy) and an intermediate axis (direction associated with a saddle point in the energy). The coordinates can be chosen so the energy has the form
If the easy axis is the direction, the interm... | 7 | Magnetic Ordering |
Thomson's experiments are an example of AMR, a property of a material in which a dependence of electrical resistance on the angle between the direction of electric current and direction of magnetization is observed. The effect arises in most cases from the simultaneous action of magnetization and spin-orbit interactio... | 7 | Magnetic Ordering |
Medical devices are classified by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under three different classes depending on the risks the medical device may impose on the user. According to 21CFR 860.3, Class I devices are considered to pose the least amount of risk to the user and require the least amount of control. Class... | 2 | Tissue Engineering |
All pregnancies can be risky, but there are greater risk for birthing parents who are older and are over the age of 40. As people get older, they are more likely to develop conditions such as gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia. If the birthing parent does conceive over the age of 40, their offspring may be of lower... | 1 | Cryobiology |
EuroCarbDB was an EU-funded initiative for the creation of software and standards for the systematic collection of carbohydrate structures and their experimental data, which was discontinued in 2010 due to lack of funding. The project included a database of known carbohydrate structures and experimental data, specifica... | 6 | Carbohydrates |
Akin to ordinary ink printers, bioprinters have three major components to them. These are the hardware used, the type of bio-ink, and the material it is printed on (biomaterials). Bio-ink is a material made from living cells that behaves much like a liquid, allowing people to print it in order to create the desired sha... | 2 | Tissue Engineering |
Methanediol, rather than formaldehyde, is listed as one of the main ingredients of "Brazilian blowout", a hair-straightening formula marketed in the United States. The equilibrium with formaldehyde has caused concern since formaldehyde in hair straighteners is a health hazard. Research funded by the Professional Kerati... | 6 | Carbohydrates |
Perhaps surprisingly, the effect of temperature is often greater than the effect of UV exposure. This can be seen in terms of the Arrhenius equation, which shows that reaction rates have an exponential dependence on temperature. By comparison the dependence of degradation rate on UV exposure and the availability of oxy... | 8 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
The most important operating parameters of disc filters are the height of the slurry tank, agitation and the intensity and rotation speed of the disc as these will determine the cake formation and drying times. It is important to continuously agitate the slurry in order to prevent sedimentation of the solids. Excessive... | 5 | Separation Processes |
The MCSGP process consists of several, at least two, chromatographic columns which are switched in position opposite to the flow direction. Most of the columns are equipped with a gradient pump to adjust the modifier concentration at the column inlet. Some columns are connected directly, so that non pure product stream... | 5 | Separation Processes |
Phosphorescent materials release the absorbed energy only slowly, so that they exhibit an "afterglow". Materials for stamp tagging absorb ultraviolet light of wavelengths between 180 nm and 300 nm (UVC, short-wave UV) and emit light of a greenish or reddish colour depending on the substances used. | 0 | Luminescence |
Bene Meat Technologies a.s. (BMT) is a Czech biotechnology start-up focused on research and development of technology for the production of cultivated meat on an industrial scale. It cooperates with scientific institutions and companies in the Czech Republic and abroad. The company has its laboratories on the first flo... | 2 | Tissue Engineering |
Separation processes are of great economic importance as they are accounting for 40 – 90% of capital and operating costs in industry. The separation processes of mixtures are including besides others washing, extraction, pressing, drying, clarification, evaporation, crystallization and filtration. Often several separat... | 5 | Separation Processes |
Artificial spin ices are metamaterials consisting of coupled nanomagnets arranged on periodic and aperiodic lattices.
These systems have enabled the experimental investigation of a variety of phenomena such as frustration, emergent magnetic monopoles, and phase transitions. In addition, artificial spin ices show potent... | 7 | Magnetic Ordering |
Carbohydrate metabolism is the series of biochemical processes responsible for the formation, breakdown and interconversion of carbohydrates in living organisms.
The most important carbohydrate is glucose, a simple sugar (monosaccharide) that is metabolized by nearly all known organisms. Glucose and other carbohydrates... | 6 | Carbohydrates |
The UK at times has had one of the highest rates of acid attacks per capita in the world, though recent studies suggest that this is due to gang-related violence and possession offences, rather than traditional attacks found in lower middle-income countries, according to Acid Survivors Trust International (ASTI). NHS h... | 4 | Acids + Bases |
The main subprocesses of sensor-based sorting are material conditioning, material presentation, detection, data processing and separation.
* Material conditioning includes all operations which prepare the particles for being detected by the sensor. All optical sensors need clean material to be able to detect optical c... | 5 | Separation Processes |
By sperm washing, the risk that a chronic disease in the individual providing the sperm would infect the birthing parent or offspring can be brought to negligible levels.
If the sperm donor has hepatitis B, The Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine advises that sperm washing is not necess... | 1 | Cryobiology |
Collagen, a major protein component of the ECM, provides support to tissues like skin, cartilage, bones, blood vessels and ligaments and is thus considered a model scaffold or matrix for tissue engineering due to its properties of biocompatibility, biodegradability and ability to promote cell binding. This ability allo... | 2 | Tissue Engineering |
Sensor-based sorting is a coarse particle separation technology applied in mining for the dry separation of bulk materials. The functional principle does not limit the technology to any kind of segment or mineral application but makes the technical viability mainly depend on the liberation characteristics at the size r... | 5 | Separation Processes |
Lactulose is a non-absorbable sugar used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. It is administered orally for constipation, and either orally or rectally for hepatic encephalopathy. It generally begins working after 8–12 hours, but may take up to 2 days to improve constipation.
Common side effects... | 6 | Carbohydrates |
Following the approach of , the spectrum of the Hamiltonian for the XXX model
can be determined by the Bethe ansatz. In this context, for an appropriately defined family of operators dependent on a spectral parameter acting on the total Hilbert space with each , a Bethe vector is a vector of the form
where .
If the ... | 7 | Magnetic Ordering |
In magnetics, the maximum energy product is an important figure-of-merit for the strength of a permanent magnet material. It is often denoted and is typically given in units of either (kilojoules per cubic meter, in SI electromagnetism) or (mega-gauss-oersted, in gaussian electromagnetism). 1 MGOe is equivalent to .... | 7 | Magnetic Ordering |
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