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The poly(A) tail contains binding sites for poly(A) binding proteins (PABPs). These proteins cooperate with other factors to affect the export, stability, decay, and translation of an mRNA. PABPs bound to the poly(A) tail may also interact with proteins, such as translation initiation factors, that are bound to the 5' ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
As access to an ionized calcium is not always available a corrected calcium may be used instead. To calculate a corrected calcium in mmol/L one takes the total calcium in mmol/L and adds it to ((40 minus the serum albumin in g/L) multiplied by 0.02). There is, however, controversy around the usefulness of corrected ca... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Stress corrosion cracking mainly affects metals and metallic alloys. A comparable effect also known as environmental stress cracking also affects other materials such as polymers, ceramics and glass. | 0 | Metallurgy |
The 2006 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Roger D. Kornberg for creating detailed molecular images of RNA polymerase during various stages of the transcription process.
In most prokaryotes, a single RNA polymerase species transcribes all types of RNA. RNA polymerase "core" from E. coli consists of five subunits:... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Nanocrystalline metals can be produced by rapid solidification from the liquid using a process such as melt spinning. This often produces an amorphous metal, which can be transformed into an nanocrystalline metal by annealing above the crystallization temperature. | 0 | Metallurgy |
The outgassing of volatile silicones on low Earth orbit devices leads to presence of a cloud of contaminants around the spacecraft. Together with atomic oxygen bombardment, this may lead to gradual deposition of thin layers of carbon-containing silicon dioxide. Their poor transparency is a concern in case of optical sy... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In contact with ambient air, liquid aluminium reacts with the oxygen and form an oxide film layer (gamma-AlO). This layer becomes thicker with time. When molten aluminium is disturbed, this oxide film gets mixed inside the melt. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Sintering is generally considered successful when the process reduces porosity and enhances properties such as strength, electrical conductivity, translucency and thermal conductivity. In some special cases, sintering is carefully applied to enhance the strength of a material while preserving porosity (e.g. in filters ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Offset – the total dimension that the shutter will travel outwards when moved from the closed to the open position. The offset is typically the distance from the face of the casement to the outermost surface of the structure.
The offset is developed in shutter hardware by selection of a pintle made to "stand off" the c... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Normally, the Wnt signaling pathway leads to stabilization of β-catenin through inactivation of a protein complex containing the tumor suppressors APC and Axin. This destruction complex normally triggers β-catenin phosphorylation, inducing its degradation. De-regulation of the autocrine Wnt signaling pathway via mutati... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
RNA sequencing is a next-generation sequencing technology; as such it requires only a small amount of RNA and no previous knowledge of the genome. It allows for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of RNA transcripts, the former allowing discovery of new transcripts and the latter a measure of relative quantities... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Applications of quorum quenching that have been exploited by humans include the use of AHL-degrading bacteria in aquacultures to limit the spread of diseases in aquatic populations of fish, mollusks and crustaceans. This technique has also been translated to agriculture, to restrict the spread of pathogenic bacteria th... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
SMA actuators are typically actuated electrically by Joule heating. If the SMA is used in an environment where the ambient temperature is uncontrolled, unintentional actuation by ambient heating may occur. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Performance, maintenance, service life, and recovery costs from recycling are factors that determine the cost effectiveness of building components. While copper's initial cost is higher than some other architectural metals, it usually does not need to be replaced during the life of a building. Due to its durability, lo... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In genetics, a super-enhancer is a region of the mammalian genome comprising multiple enhancers that is collectively bound by an array of transcription factor proteins to drive transcription of genes involved in cell identity. Because super-enhancers are frequently identified near genes important for controlling and d... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Flotation can be performed in rectangular or cylindrical mechanically agitated cells or tanks, flotation columns, Jameson Cells or deinking flotation machines. Classified by the method of air absorption manner, it is fair to state that two distinct groups of flotation equipment have arisen:pneumatic and mechanical mach... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Hellmut Fischmeister was elected as a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences in 1975. In 1981, he was elected as a corresponding member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and was a member of the Academia Europaea since 1989. In 1995, he became a full member of the mathematical-natural scie... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The mitochondrial targeting signal also known as presequence is a 10-70 amino acid long peptide that directs a newly synthesized protein to the mitochondria. It is found at the N-terminus end consists of an alternating pattern of hydrophobic and positively charged amino acids to form what is called an amphipathic helix... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The world's first iron pillar was the Iron pillar of Delhi—erected at the times of Chandragupta II Vikramaditya (375–413), often considered as one of the finest pieces of ancient metallurgy. The swords manufactured in Indian workshops find written mention in the works of Muhammad al-Idrisi (flourished 1154). Ind... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The nines scale is also used in other contexts, such as describing the purity of gases. The purity of a gas is an indication of the ratio of it to other gases in its mixture, as measured by volume. Thus, a high purity refers to a low amount of other gases, or impurities. Gases of higher purity are in many contexts cons... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Kinesis, like a taxis or tropism, is a movement or activity of a cell or an organism in response to a stimulus (such as gas exposure, light intensity or ambient temperature).
Unlike taxis, the response to the stimulus provided is non-directional. The animal does not move toward or away from the stimulus but moves at ei... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
A nonsense mutation in one gene of an operon prevents the translation of subsequent genes in the unit. This effect is called mutational polarity. A common cause is the absence of the mRNA corresponding to the subsequent (distal) parts of the unit. Suppose that there are Rho-dependent terminators within the transcriptio... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
With the rise of the environmentalist movement has also come an increased appreciation for social justice, and mining has showed similar trends lately. Societies located near potential mining sites are at increased risk to be subjected to injustices as their environment is affected by the changes made to mined lands—e... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Due to the increased demand for iron for casting cannons, the blast furnace came into widespread use in France in the mid 15th century.
The direct ancestor of those used in France and England was in the Namur region, in what is now Wallonia (Belgium). From there, they spread first to the Pays de Bray on the eastern bou... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The PPM family, which includes PP2C and pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase, are enzymes with Mn/Mg metal ions that are resistant to classic inhibitors and toxins of the PPP family. Unlike most PPPs, PP2C exists in only one subunit but, like PTPs, it displays a wide variety of structural domains that confer unique funct... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Native ironwork in the Northwest Coast has been found in places like the Ozette Indian Village Archeological Site, where iron chisels and knives were discovered. These artifacts seem to have been crafted around 1613, based on the dendrochronological analysis of associated pieces of wood in the site, and were made out o... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Paired receptors are pairs or clusters of receptor proteins that bind to extracellular ligands but have opposing activating and inhibitory signaling effects. Traditionally, paired receptors are defined as homologous pairs with similar extracellular domains and different cytoplasmic regions, whose genes are located toge... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Besides the above-mentioned two most commonly used family of techniques, a wide range of protocols were developed to measure chemotactic activity. Some of them are only qualitative, like aggregation tests, where small pieces of agar or filters are placed onto a slide and accumulation of cells around is measured.
In ano... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
One of the most commonly quoted potential causes of WECs is hydrogen embrittlement caused by an unstable equilibrium between material, mechanical, and chemical aspects, which occurs when hydrogen atoms diffuse into the bearing steel, causing micro-cracks to form. Hydrogen can come from a variety of sources, including t... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Vat leaching involves contacting material, which has usually undergone size reduction and classification, with leach solution in large vats. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Particles of refractory material in contact with aluminium can detach and become inclusions. We can find graphite inclusions (C), alumina inclusions (alpha-AlO), CaO, SiO, …
After some time, graphite refractory in contact with aluminium will react to create aluminum carbides (harder and more detrimental inclusions).
In... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Translational regulation of MITF is still an unexplored area with only two peer-reviewed papers (as of 2019) highlighting the importance. During glutamine starvation of melanoma cells ATF4 transcripts increases as well as the translation of the mRNA due to eIF2α phosphorylation. This chain of molecular events leads to ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
CTCF binds to the consensus sequence CCGCGNGGNGGCAG (in IUPAC notation). This sequence is defined by 11 zinc finger motifs in its structure. CTCF's binding is disrupted by CpG methylation of the DNA it binds to. On the other hand, CTCF binding may set boundaries for the spreading of DNA methylation. In recent studies, ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The successful operation and development of the demonstration copper ISASMELT, and the degree of interest shown in the new process by the global smelting community, gave MIM Holdings sufficient confidence to license the ISASMELT technology to external companies, so an agreement under which MIM could incorporate the Sir... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Archaeometallurgical experimentation typically takes place in controlled laboratories or tries to remain as authentic as possible by being conducted using only the materials and facilities that were available to the subjects whose technology is trying to be reconstructed. Regardless of location though, the experimentat... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The untranslated regions of mRNA became a subject of study as early as the late 1970s, after the first mRNA molecule was fully sequenced. In 1978, the 5 UTR of the human gamma-globin mRNA was fully sequenced. In 1980, a study was conducted on the 3 UTR of the duplicated human alpha-globin genes. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In bacteria, termination of RNA transcription can be rho-dependent or rho-independent. The former relies on the rho factor, which destabilizes the DNA-RNA heteroduplex and causes RNA release. The latter, also known as intrinsic termination, relies on a palindromic region of DNA. Transcribing the region causes the forma... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
For many years after the new art deco fronted building was opened in 1939 the work was carried out in laboratories fronting on Euston Street, London, NW1. These included three parallel four-story blocks of laboratories and offices with the basements being used for the heaviest equipment and for storage of samples. The... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Sodium dithiophosphate is the salt with the formula NaPSO. It is usually supplied as the hydrated solid or as an aqueous solution together with other thiophosphates such as sodium monothiophosphate and sodium trithiophosphate. It is a colorless compound, but commercial samples can appear dark owing to the presence of... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In common with recovery and recrystallisation, growth phenomena can be separated into continuous and discontinuous mechanisms. In the former the microstructure evolves from state A to B (in this case the grains get larger) in a uniform manner. In the latter, the changes occur heterogeneously and specific transformed an... | 0 | Metallurgy |
When the pre-mRNA has been transcribed from the DNA, it includes several introns and exons. (In nematodes, the mean is 4–5 exons and introns; in the fruit fly Drosophila there can be more than 100 introns and exons in one transcribed pre-mRNA.) The exons to be retained in the mRNA are determined during the splicing pro... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Julian Simon was a senior fellow at the Cato Institute and a professor of business and economics. In his book The Ultimate Resource 2 (first printed in 1981 and reprinted in 1998), he extensively criticizes the notion of "peak resources", and uses copper as one example. He argues that, even though "peak copper" has bee... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Transforming growth factor beta-1-induced transcript 1 protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TGFB1I1 gene. Often put together with and studied alongside TGFB1I1 is the mouse homologue HIC-5 ( Hydrogen Peroxide-Inducible Clone-5). As the name suggests, TGFB1I1 is an induced form of the larger family of T... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Galvanic corrosion is the electrochemical erosion of metals. Corrosion occurs when two dissimilar metals are in contact with each other in the presence of an electrolyte, such as salt water. This forms a galvanic cell, with hydrogen gas forming on the more noble (less active) metal. The resulting electrochemical potent... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Splicing occurs in all the kingdoms or domains of life, however, the extent and types of splicing can be very different between the major divisions. Eukaryotes splice many protein-coding messenger RNAs and some non-coding RNAs. Prokaryotes, on the other hand, splice rarely and mostly non-coding RNAs. Another important... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
All eukaryotes use G proteins for signaling and have evolved a large diversity of G proteins. For instance, humans encode 18 different G proteins, 5 G proteins, and 12 G proteins. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Recognition of stop codons in bacteria have been associated with the so-called tripeptide anticodon, a highly conserved amino acid motif in RF1 (PxT) and RF2 (SPF). Even though this is supported by structural studies, it was shown that the tripeptide anticodon hypothesis is an oversimplification. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The HNF6 subfamily members contain a cut-homeodomain (ONECUT) bind to DNA as monomers.
* HNF6α/OC-1/ONECUT1 ()
* HNF6β/OC-2/ONECUT2 () | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
TIVA tags are created initially via solid-phase synthesis with the cell-penetrating peptide conjugated afterwards. The functional components of the tag can be summarized as following:
* Biotin: binds to streptavidin beads for tag isolation.
* Cy3 fluorophore: used to validated cleavage of photocleavable linker. If clea... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The releasable pool is located in the active zone and is bound directly to the presynaptic membrane. It is stabilized by proteins within the active zone and bound to the presynaptic membrane by SNARE proteins. These vesicles are ready to release by a single action potential and are replenished by vesicles from the re... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
A Walloon forge (or Walloon process) is a type of finery forge that decarbonizes pig iron into wrought iron.
The process was conceived in the Liège region, and from there extended to France, then England around the end of the 15th century. Louis de Geer brought it to Roslagen in Sweden at the beginning of the 17th cent... | 0 | Metallurgy |
CpG islands are commonly 200 to 2000 base pairs long, have a C:G base pair content >50%, and have frequent 5 → 3 CpG sequences. About 70% of human promoters located near the transcription start site of a gene contain a CpG island.
Promoters located at a distance from the transcription start site of a gene also freque... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
John U. Nef, an expert on Renaissance economics, described liquation as ‘even more important than the invention of the printing press’ for the development of industry during this period. It increased production of silver on a massive scale. Between 1460 and 1530, the output of silver increased as much as fivefold in ce... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Tom filed at least five patents in the UK and two in the US. He invented and patented the technology used at Thornaby as the Whitwell Heating Stove. Over two hundred stoves were installed in over 70 furnaces around the globe. He also patented a continuous brick-burning kiln and a more efficient fire grate. | 0 | Metallurgy |
(AD 900–1500)
Utilitarian and ceremonial objects; objects of personal adornment
#Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas
#El Paredón, Chiapas
#Polol, Guatemala
#Santa Rita Corozal, Belize
#Nojpetén, Guatemala
#Tikal, Guatemala
#Yaxhá, Guatemala
#Palenque, Chiapas
#Wild Cane Cay, Belize
#Lamanai, Belize | 0 | Metallurgy |
Platinum Metals Review was abstracted and indexed by:
* Chemical Abstracts
* Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Abstracts
* Compendex
* Corrosion Abstracts
* Current Contents/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences
* Environment Abstracts
* Metals Abstracts/METADEX
* Metal Finishing Abstracts
* Science Citation Index E... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The Parkes process, patented in 1850 uses molten zinc. Zinc is not miscible with lead and when the two molten metals are mixed the zinc separates and floats to the top carrying only some 2% lead. However silver preferentially dissolves in zinc, so the zinc that floats to the top carries a significant proportion of the ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Honey bees (Apis mellifera) also use quorum sensing to make decisions about new nest sites. Large colonies reproduce through a process called swarming, in which the queen leaves the hive with a portion of the workers to form a new nest elsewhere. After leaving the nest, the workers form a swarm that hangs from a branch... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
CKLF like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing 1 (i.e. CMTM1), formerly termed chemokine-like factor superfamily 1 (i.e. CKLFSF1), has 23 known isoforms, the CMTM1-v1 to CMTM1-v23 proteins. Protein isoforms are variant products that are made by alternative splicing of a single gene. The gene for these isoforms, CMTM1... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
(Also see: Eyespot apparatus)
*Channelrhodopsin: in unicellular algae, mediates phototaxis
*Chlamyopsin and volvoxopsin
*Flavoproteins | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Living organisms produce retinal by irreversible oxidative cleavage of carotenoids.
For example:
:beta-carotene + O → 2 retinal,
catalyzed by a beta-carotene 15,15-monooxygenase or a beta-carotene 15,15-dioxygenase.
Just as carotenoids are the precursors of retinal, retinal is the precursor of the other forms of vitami... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Oxide dispersion strengthening is based on incoherency of the oxide particles within the lattice of the material. Coherent particles have a continuous lattice plane from the matrix to the particles whereas incoherent particles do not have this continuity and therefore both lattice planes end at the interface. This mism... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The mold, protozoan, and coelenterate mitochondrial code and the mycoplasma/spiroplasma code (translation table 4) is the genetic code used by various organisms, in some cases with slight variations, notably the use of UGA as a tryptophan codon rather than a stop codon. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Methods that screen protein–protein interactions in the living cells.
Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) is a technique for observing the interactions of proteins. Combining it with other new techniques, dual expression recombinase based (DERB) methods can enable the screening of protein–protein interactio... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The genetic code was once believed to be universal: a codon would code for the same amino acid regardless of the organism or source. However, it is now agreed that the genetic code evolves, resulting in discrepancies in how a codon is translated depending on the genetic source. For example, in 1981, it was discovered t... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The regulation of Ler and its transcript, ler, is complex and many-fold. The plasmid encoded regulator (per) directly activates the region of the LEE1 operon which encodes Ler. Integration host factor is also a direct activator of ler and binds upstream of its promoter.
Jeannette Barba and her colleagues at the Nationa... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
For blast furnaces, direct reduction corresponds to the reduction of oxides by the carbon in the coke. However, in practice, direct reduction only plays a significant role in the final stage of iron reduction in a blast furnace, by helping to reduce wustite (FeO) to iron. In this case, the chemical reaction can be triv... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The syndetome location within the somite is determined by FGF secreted from the center of the myotome (a collection of embryonic tissue that develops into skeletal muscle)- the FGF then induces the adjacent anterior and posterior sclerotome (a collection of embryonic tissue that develops into the axial skeleton) to ado... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Although the targets of CK2 are predominantly nucleus-based the protein itself is localized to both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Casein kinase 2 activity has been reported to be activated following Wnt signaling pathway activation. A Pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein and Dishevelled appear to be an intermediary between... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The first widescale use of VCIs can be traced to Shell's patent for dicyclohexylammonium nitrite (DICHAN), which was eventually commercialized as VPI 260. DICHAN was used extensively by the US military to protect a wide variety of metallic components from corrosion via various delivery systems, VCI powder, VCI paper, ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Some miRNAs target the messenger RNAs for DNA methyltransferase genes DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B, whose gene products are needed for initiating and stabilizing promoter methylations. As summarized in three reviews, miRNAs miR-29a, miR-29b and miR-29c target DNMT3A and DNMT3B; miR-148a and miR-148b target DNMT3B; and miR... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) is a genetic engineering technique that allows for precise editing of the genome. One application of CRISPR is gene knockout, which involves disabling or "knocking out" a specific gene in an organism.
The process of gene knockout with CRISPR involves th... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
*Stress corrosion cracking Stress corrosion (NACE term)
*Corrosion fatigue
*Caustic cracking (ASTM term)
*Caustic embrittlement (ASM term)
*Sulfide stress cracking (ASM, NACE term)
*Stress-accelerated Corrosion (NACE term)
*Hydrogen stress cracking (ASM term)
*Hydrogen-assisted stress corrosion cracking (ASM term) | 0 | Metallurgy |
PI3K/ AKT/mTOR pathway is a central regulator of ovarian cancer. PIM kinases are over expressed in many types of cancers and they also contribute to the regulation of ovarian cancer. PIM are directly and indirectly found to activate mTOR and its upstream effectors like AKT. Besides, PIM kinases can cause phosphorylatio... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Experimental reconstruction of tools used in prehistoric mining is often written about in conjunction with the tools use after the process of firesetting. The experimental mining tool assemblage are primarily made up of hammerstones and antler picks that are reconstructed using willow and hazel sticks, rawhide, and he... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Froth flotation is applied to a wide range of separations. An estimated 1B tons of materials are processed in this manner annually. | 0 | Metallurgy |
In materials science, recrystallization is a process by which deformed grains are replaced by a new set of defect-free grains that nucleate and grow until the original grains have been entirely consumed. Recrystallization is usually accompanied by a reduction in the strength and hardness of a material and a simultaneou... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The final loaded carbon is removed from the machinery and extracted with a hot alkaline solution of cyanide. The elute solution passes through an electrowinning cell where the gold metal is deposited. The solution then passes back through the loaded carbon, extracting more gold and other metals. This process continues ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The enhancers comprising super-enhancers share the functions of enhancers, including binding transcription factor proteins, looping to target genes, and activating transcription. Three notable traits of enhancers comprising super-enhancers are their clustering in genomic proximity, their exceptional signal of transcrip... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In 1709, at Coalbrookdale in Shropshire, England, Abraham Darby began to fuel a blast furnace with coke instead of charcoal. Cokes initial advantage was its lower cost, mainly because making coke required much less labor than cutting trees and making charcoal, but using coke also overcame localized shortages of wood, ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
JAK inhibitors are used for the treatment of atopic dermatitis and rheumatoid arthritis. They are also being studied in psoriasis, polycythemia vera, alopecia, essential thrombocythemia, ulcerative colitis, myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis and vitiligo. Examples are tofacitinib, baricitinib, upadacitinib and filgo... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the STAT protein family. In response to cytokines and growth factors, STAT family members are phosphorylated by the receptor associated kinases, and then form homo- or heterodimers that translocate to the cell nucleus where they act as transcription activators. In respons... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
#Motilin
#Neurotensin
#Substance P
#Somatostatin
#Bombesin
#Serotonin
#Angiotensin
#Nitric Oxide
#Kinins
#Histamine | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The unexpected fall in 2011 of a heavy light fixture from the ceiling of the Big Dig vehicular tunnel in Boston revealed that corrosion had weakened its support. Improper use of aluminium in contact with stainless steel had caused rapid corrosion in the presence of salt water. The electrochemical potential difference b... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In 1973, the Freeport-McMoRan Copper and Gold ("Freeport") smelter at Miami, Arizona, installed a 51 MW electric furnace at its Miami smelter. The decision was based on a long-term electrical power contract with the Salt River Project that provided the company with a very low rate for electricity. This contract expired... | 0 | Metallurgy |
High-temperature corrosion is a mechanism of corrosion that takes place when gas turbines, diesel engines, furnaces or other machinery come in contact with hot gas containing certain contaminants. Fuel sometimes contains vanadium compounds or sulfates, which can form low melting point compounds during combustion. Thes... | 0 | Metallurgy |
One aspect of RNA silencing to consider is its possible off-target affects, toxicity, and delivery methods. If RNA silencing is to become a conventional drug, it must first pass the typical ethical issues of biomedicine. Using risk-benefit analysis, researchers can determine whether RNA silencing conforms to ethical id... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Microarrays can be manufactured in different ways, depending on the number of probes under examination, costs, customization requirements, and the type of scientific question being asked. Arrays from commercial vendors may have as few as 10 probes or as many as 5 million or more micrometre-scale probes. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Mechanistic target of rapamycin has been shown to interact with:
* ABL1,
* AKT1,
* IGF-IR,
* InsR,
* CLIP1,
* EIF3F
* EIF4EBP1,
* FKBP1A,
* GPHN,
* KIAA1303,
* PRKCD,
* RHEB,
* RICTOR,
* RPS6KB1,
* STAT1,
* STAT3,
* Two-pore channels: TPCN1; TPCN2, and
* UBQLN1. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Chemical and electrical synapses are two ways of synaptic transmission.
* In a chemical synapse, electrical activity in the presynaptic neuron is converted (via the activation of voltage-gated calcium channels) into the release of a chemical called a neurotransmitter that binds to receptors located in the plasma membra... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Ambient-temperature molten salts (also known as ionic liquids) are present in the liquid phase at standard conditions for temperature and pressure. Examples of such salts include N-ethylpyridinium bromide and aluminium chloride mix, discovered in 1951, and ethylammonium nitrate discovered by Paul Walden. Other ionic li... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Most gilding methods are additive: they deposit gold that was not there before onto the surface of an object. By contrast, depletion gilding is a subtractive process whereby material is removed to increase the purity of gold that is already present on an object's surface.
In depletion gilding, other metals are etched a... | 0 | Metallurgy |
AMPP offers individual training and certification programs. Many are merged programs that originated as competing programs under the former NACE and SSPC organizations. Other programs are still being administered under the legacy NACE or SSPC frameworks until the merger is complete. | 0 | Metallurgy |
* Alcan Lynemouth Aluminium Smelter, powered by the coal-fired Lynemouth Power Station in North East England, ceased production in 2012, demolished in 2018.
* Anglesey Aluminium, powered by Wylfa nuclear power station in north-west Wales, closed in 2013, with redevelopment of the site announced in 2022.
* The Valco alu... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Woods metal, also known as Lipowitzs alloy or by the commercial names Cerrobend, Bendalloy, Pewtalloy and MCP 158, is a metal alloy that is useful for soldering and making custom metal parts, but its vapor is toxic to touch or breathe. The alloy is named for Barnabas Wood, who invented and patented the alloy in 1860. ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Advances in massively parallel sequencing has led to the development of RNA-Seq technology, that enables a whole transcriptome shotgun approach to characterize and quantify gene expression. Unlike microarrays, which need a reference genome and transcriptome to be available before the microarray itself can be designed, ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency has published pollution control regulations for smelters.
* Air pollution standards under the Clean Air Act
* Water pollution standards (effluent guidelines) under the Clean Water Act.
The RMI Conformant Smelter Program
As conflict mineral use grows, numerous in... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Direct reduction is the fraction of iron oxide reduction that occurs in a blast furnace due to the presence of coke carbon, while the remainder - indirect reduction - consists mainly of carbon monoxide from coke combustion.
It should also be noted that many non-ferrous oxides are reduced by this type of reaction in a b... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The effects of anaerobic corrosion are evident when evaluating the safety of chemical waste disposal. Currently, the permanent disposal of nuclear waste is commonly in deep geological repositories (DGR) that use copper coating to prevent metal corrosion. In the DGR, four major types of corrosion are expected to occur, ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Promoters are DNA segments near the 5' end of the gene where transcription begins. They are the sites where RNA polymerase binds to initiate RNA synthesis. Every gene has a noncoding promoter.
Regulatory elements are sites that control the transcription of a nearby gene. They are almost always sequences where transcrip... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
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